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You don't need the RfD page for that. ;Where'd my page go?! : Check the [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] and head over to [[Wikibooks:Requests for undeletion]] if you believe that a page may have been deleted without proper grounds. == See also == * [[Wikibooks:Templates/Deletion]] {{Wikibooks policies and guidelines}} [[Category:Administrative policies and guidelines]] [[bn:উইকিবই:অপসারণ নীতি]] [[ca:Viquillibres:Esborrar pàgines]] [[es:Wikilibros:Política de borrado]] [[fa:ویکی‌کتاب:سیاست حذف]] [[fr:Wikilivres:Présentation]] [[hi:Wikibooks:हटाने की नीति]] [[hu:Wikikönyvek:Törlési irányelvek]] [[it:Wikibooks:Regole per la cancellazione]] [[ja:Wikibooks:削除の方針]] [[ko:위키책:삭제 정책]] [[no:Wikibøker:Slette sider]] [[th:วิกิตำรา:นโยบายการลบ]] [[zh:Wikibooks:删除方针]] 0tsyzte52gvfk14b8ocgyhz1gqml9sx 4 387 4680706 4680638 2026-11-07T17:13:51Z Koavf 16549 /* Request to restore Educational Development of Great Britain */ Reply 4680706 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{shortcut|WB:RFU}} {{Requests for deletion/New undeletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Undeletion intro}} <!-- New undeletion requests go at the bottom of this page. --> == [[Character Encodings]] == *I didn't see the deletion discussion, as the latest author of this wikibook. <s>I want to know what work could be done to fix this, if it was restored.</s> I see that it needs content outside of code tables for it to be valid- if restored, I will add pages for MS-DOS, HP, and EBCDIC. What else needs to be done? If restoring is impossible, I at least want to view it.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 21:37, 9 March 2026 (UTC) **Maybe this can be merged into [[Introduction to Computer Information Systems]] or something similar. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 21:44, 9 March 2026 (UTC) **:Hi, [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]]. I closed a [[Special:Diff/4622001|recent deletion discussion]] about the book, because: {{tq|Was never fleshed out into a proper book and consists only of code tables}}. I'll ping @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] here if they have a second opinion, and because they created the discussion (that never had any participation). There were hundreds of pages in this book that will take some time to restore. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:32, 10 March 2026 (UTC) **::Chiming in here to elaborate on my reasoning! Per [[WB:WIW]], {{tq|as a general rule, only instructional books are suitable for inclusion. Non-fictional books (as well as fictional ones) that aren't instructional aren't allowed on Wikibooks}}. Examples of nonfictional books that aren't instructional/allowed include reference works like dictionaries, which are only really allowed as part of larger instructional books and not on their own. Based on the contents I saw here, the content was solely reference materials and not instructional materials. I see no problem with consolidating and migrating the content to something like a useful appendix as part of another book. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:15, 11 March 2026 (UTC) **:::Note that these pages were created as transwiki back in late 2024 from Wikipedia (and they were deleted afterwards), and since these were deleted now from WikiBooks, they're no longer visible (also, they're still deleted from Wikipedia). However, "Wayback Machine" seems to have a copy of it, but it may not be complete. **:::If a restoration here isn't possible, what should be done instead? **:::[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-15548-70|&#126;2026-15548-70]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-15548-70|talk]]) 19:03, 11 March 2026 (UTC) **::::This was actually created in an earlier transwiki from Wikipedia (there were two)<s>-</s> the first being in July 2020. I support the proposal to make it an appendix to Introduction to Computer Information Systems or something similar.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 20:15, 11 March 2026 (UTC) **:::::{{ping|Alexlatham96}} which pages would you want to be undeleted? I can help. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:19, 11 March 2026 (UTC) **::::::Let's start with the MS-DOS (code page numbers 3846 and lower) and HP code tables section, because these were the most recently transwikied (people will be especially looking for code pages 775, 852, 855, 857, and 860). Once this is done, we can do the EBCDIC code tables, which were also transwikied (and I finished adding what was planned for Wikipedia).[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 00:17, 12 March 2026 (UTC) **:::::::I've undeleted all HP code table sections, and to clarify, do you want ALL MS-DOS sections lower than 3846 (including undeleting those in the 100-700 range) to be undeleted? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:31, 12 March 2026 (UTC) **::::::::Yes, including 3846. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 00:55, 12 March 2026 (UTC) **:::::::::{{done|All done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:29, 12 March 2026 (UTC) **::::::::::Great. Let me know when you have time to undelete the EBCDIC section- people will be looking for code pages 37, 500, 875, and 1026 especially.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 22:10, 12 March 2026 (UTC) **::::::::::Update: also the two in the ISO section- these are standards.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 06:29, 14 March 2026 (UTC) ***Thank you. I also see that the old administrator is inactive, and never found out about this. There <s>will</s> may have to be a new administrator other than me, since I am not one on Wikipedia or Wikibooks. <s>Does another user with knowledge of the topic like Drmccreedy or HarJIT have admin powers?</s>[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 03:34, 10 March 2026 (UTC) ***Update: I found out they do not have admin rights, but can still do non-admin tasks. The authors of Unicode's legacy encoding proposals (latest being L2-26/077) could also help out if they're active here.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 03:55, 10 March 2026 (UTC) * @[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]], [[Character Encodings]] and its subpages are all now restored. I apologize for the huge delay; thank you for your patience. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:56, 2 October 2026 (UTC) ** Thank you!!! Adding descriptions to pages.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 01:45, 5 October 2026 (UTC) ***Started the Glossary. [[Talk:Character Encodings/Code Tables]] has still not been restored yet. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 02:05, 5 October 2026 (UTC) ***:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 02:11, 5 October 2026 (UTC) ****Two more missing: [[Talk:Character Encodings/Code Tables/EBCDIC]] and [[Talk:Character Encodings/Code Tables/ISO]]. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 15:53, 11 October 2026 (UTC) ****: {{done|Restored}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 16:01, 11 October 2026 (UTC) == Markdown == The page [[Markdown]] was short but pretty sweet. It showed Markdown features by example and contained decent external links. He who would want to expand the page had the option. I find the page to be a minimum useful product/artifact, to be ideally restored. For reference, [https://web.archive.org/web/20250427011600/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Markdown the page in Wayback Machine]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 15:36, 5 May 2026 (UTC) : {{courtesy ping}} to [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] who marked the page for speedy deletion. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:00, 5 May 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] thank you! I think for me this relates to recent on-wiki discussions we've been having in the sense that I don't think it makes sense to host any content that could theoretically be improved by someone at some time in the future. Even if the content is valid (which it seems to be!), the work is not set up to be book-like, I don't think it's in scope here, and I can't see someone coming around and turning it into a book within a reasonable time frame. Does this help? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:42, 8 May 2026 (UTC) ::: {{courtesy ping}} to [[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:28, 8 May 2026 (UTC) ::: {{Ping|Kittycataclysm}} The content is not book-like, but I do not recall this having been a requirement in Wikibooks (despite the name). If there is a requirement that the content should be book-like, it should be made into a policy. I created other pages that were instructional with no chance of being book-like in the past. Some examples of non-book-like pages include [[less]], [[grep]] and [[sed]]. ::: The content is minimum useful artifact for the head and is instructional. ::: Either way, can you please at least restore the content in my user space? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:15, 18 May 2026 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] language in policy does refer to Wikibooks content as book-like. For example, per [[WB:WIW]]: ::::* {{tq|"The site should primarily be used for developing textbooks, textbook-like books, and supporting book-based instructional materials"}} ::::* {{tq|"As a general rule, only instructional books are suitable for inclusion"}} ::::* {{tq|"Wikibooks includes both minor and major book-like projects"}} ::::For other admins: if I am missing something obvious, please let me know. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:43, 20 May 2026 (UTC) ::::: {{Ping|Kittycataclysm}} Thank you. I note: 1) it says "primarily", which means "not exclusively"; 2) "instructional materials" is much broader than books. ::::: Moreover, I checked [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:What_is_Wikibooks%3F&oldid=3797401 2021 version] of the policy and did not find the text you are quoting. When was the text introduced, by what process and who approved the text? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:25, 20 May 2026 (UTC) ::::: Part of the answer lies in [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:What_is_Wikibooks%3F&diff=prev&oldid=4377929 this edit] of yours from 9 March 2024, which does not trace to a discussion or a vote, but traces to [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines]]. However, [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines]] is not marked as a policy. ::::: Be it as it may, it does not answer my question: where is the evidence of consensus for the changes, minimally in the form of a discussion, and ideally in the form of a request for comments or a vote? ::::: Let me also ask from the point of view of examining other examples that I already brought up: is it your view that [[less]], [[sed]] and [[grep]] should be deleted as non-books, too short to be considered books? ::::: Let me also ask about the ''process'': why was RFD not used and instead speedy was used? From what I recall, Wikibooks used to delete subpar content via RFD, including all those outlines with no content proper. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:41, 20 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::@[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ::::::# That's a good catch about the March 9 edit—I can't recall why I made that decision, but I think you're right that moving text from a non-policy page to a policy page without discussion is not appropriate. My understanding is that the general sentiment is still correct, but we'll need more community discussion to officially integrate it into policy. ::::::# Regarding the other examples you listed: assuming the book-like requirement is the community consensus, I don't think they can stand on their own, but it might be possible to turn them into a more cohesive book. ::::::# Regarding the process, I flagged for speedy deletion because I was on the fence about whether it was a speedy or an RFD—in these cases, I usually flag for another admin to review instead of making the deletion myself. ::::::Since this is getting more into community consensus territory, I am looping in other active users and admins to weigh in @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] @[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:Xania|Xania]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] @[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:04, 20 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @Kittycataclysm: Thank you for this response. And let me also thank you for your clean-up effort at Wikibooks; hardly anyone wants to do that and you seem to be doing quite a lot of it. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:56, 20 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::Wikibooks has never been heavy on written policies and tends to operate in line with what the current active community thinks is right. This isn't unusual, many small projects work like that. So getting hung up on who edited a policy and whether it was approved isn't really important - there have been many proposals put forward to amend WIW, and you need to search to find them as they are buried in different talk pages and project pages - what's important is what the community wants to do now. For what it is worth it is pretty clear from its very inception that the intention of Wikibooks was to host textbooks (see [[m:Talk:Science_Hypertextbook_project]]). That doesn't preclude the community from changing its mind, now or in the future. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:23, 20 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::: 1) This use of the word "community" (instead of e.g. "editors") is a huge red flag. 2) The above attitude allows for a manipulation of the project, especially by people who are more interested in exercising their power than contributing any useful content. If there really is a consensus of the "current active community" (whatever that is supposed to mean), that current community should not have any difficulty passing it through a request for comment or a vote. From my experience, projects that disregard policies start to get controlled by bad actors, often actors who do not have the skill to do any content work so they natually tend toward mere administrators (also known by Steve Jobs as bozos). --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:06, 23 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::My thoughts are mostly with Marc's and Leaderboard's here. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 22:57, 20 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::::+1 —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 17:32, 23 May 2026 (UTC) :I think the book does not qualify in its current state (but as a draft, wouldn't have qualified for deletion either). Markdown is indeed a language without a lot to write; however, I think the book is too small as written. The fact that it's only a single page is fine. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 13:08, 20 May 2026 (UTC) :: But ''why'' does it not qualify, given it shows the most important features of Markup by example? (It is not a book and probably never will be. It is too short for that and will be too short, even if expanded.) --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:14, 20 May 2026 (UTC) :::It's too brief in my opinion. A Wikibook tends to have significantly more detail, even if it's just one page. I think the book can absolutely be expanded in a form that will allow it to stay here. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 14:15, 20 May 2026 (UTC) :::: Brief for what purpose or objective? As a user of Markdown, I want to know the answer to the following questions: 1) What is the core syntax of Markdown (so that I can use it productively)? 2) What are some of the best external sources about Markdown? I provided an answer to both questions. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:21, 23 May 2026 (UTC) == [[Template:Message box]] == There are currently [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Message box|128 pages linking to this template]] which are currently displaying error messages instead of the intended text. Even if there is a module which implements some of the technical functionality previously used by this template, a template is still needed to simplfiy the process of invoking that module - even if it just expands to <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Message box}}</nowiki></code>. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:09, 9 October 2026 (UTC) == Pages related to citations == * [[Doi (identifier)]] * [[PMID (identifier)]] * [[ISSN (identifier)]] * [[PMC (identifier)]] These pages are all linked automatically by citation templates like {{tl|Cite journal}}. I understand that their content is out of scope for Wikibooks, but we're still linking to them - either they should exist, or we should modify the citation module to not link to them. Having them exist as soft redirects seems like the easier solution. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:14, 9 October 2026 (UTC) :Immediate solution is soft redirects, longer-term solution is removal from the template or at the very least, turning them into links to Wikipedia articles directly. I actually tried to resolve this when I first became an admin, but deciphering how to get these links out of the modules was too tricky for my smooth brain. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 20:33, 9 October 2026 (UTC) == [[User:Ottawahitech/American politics]] == Please undelete. Thanks in advance, [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 19:00, 11 October 2026 (UTC) : I do not see any reasoning on why this user subpage should be undeleted. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:36, 12 October 2026 (UTC) == Restore page please == Can admin please restore user:ottawahitech/comedy /satire to my current user space? thanks in advance, [[Special:Contributions/~2026-56766-53|~2026-56766-53]] ([[User talk:~2026-56766-53|talk]]) 18:33, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:~2026-56766-53|~2026-56766-53]]: This page does not appear to have ever existed. Did you mean [[User:Ottawahitech/standup comedy]]? If so, to quote Codename above, I do not see any reasoning on why this user subpage should be undeleted. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:35, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :This is really simple. The user space of registered accounts is for their use. Your behaviour in asserting that you are the operator of a registered account while not using it is becoming disruptive and you may well end up blocked if it continues. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:08, 26 October 2026 (UTC) == Request to restore Educational Development of Great Britain == Hello, I am the original creator of the Wikibooks page "Educational Development of Great Britain," which was deleted on November 29, 2025, as part of a mass deletion of abandoned books. I created this educational resource during my master's studies at Webster University. It covers the history of British education, major reforms, educational leadership, teacher preparation, and possible applications to Uzbekistan's education system. I understand that the page may not have fully met Wikibooks' requirements at the time. I have retained a PDF copy and would like the opportunity to revise and improve the content, verify the references, and develop it into a more complete instructional resource. Could you please consider restoring the page so I can make these improvements? I would appreciate any guidance on what specific changes are needed to meet Wikibooks' standards. Deletion log: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Log/delete?page=Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Guliismailova|Guliismailova]] ([[User talk:Guliismailova|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guliismailova|contribs]]) 08:45, 7 November 2026 (UTC) :If nothing else, I think it's fine to undelete to your userspace. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 17:13, 7 November 2026 (UTC) gjwtjdv43xgclv7pyu4xe1hdn7v52qf 4680710 4680706 2026-11-07T17:16:26Z Koavf 16549 /* Request to restore Educational Development of Great Britain */ Reply 4680710 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{shortcut|WB:RFU}} {{Requests for deletion/New undeletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Undeletion intro}} <!-- New undeletion requests go at the bottom of this page. --> == [[Character Encodings]] == *I didn't see the deletion discussion, as the latest author of this wikibook. <s>I want to know what work could be done to fix this, if it was restored.</s> I see that it needs content outside of code tables for it to be valid- if restored, I will add pages for MS-DOS, HP, and EBCDIC. What else needs to be done? If restoring is impossible, I at least want to view it.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 21:37, 9 March 2026 (UTC) **Maybe this can be merged into [[Introduction to Computer Information Systems]] or something similar. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 21:44, 9 March 2026 (UTC) **:Hi, [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]]. I closed a [[Special:Diff/4622001|recent deletion discussion]] about the book, because: {{tq|Was never fleshed out into a proper book and consists only of code tables}}. I'll ping @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] here if they have a second opinion, and because they created the discussion (that never had any participation). There were hundreds of pages in this book that will take some time to restore. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:32, 10 March 2026 (UTC) **::Chiming in here to elaborate on my reasoning! Per [[WB:WIW]], {{tq|as a general rule, only instructional books are suitable for inclusion. Non-fictional books (as well as fictional ones) that aren't instructional aren't allowed on Wikibooks}}. Examples of nonfictional books that aren't instructional/allowed include reference works like dictionaries, which are only really allowed as part of larger instructional books and not on their own. Based on the contents I saw here, the content was solely reference materials and not instructional materials. I see no problem with consolidating and migrating the content to something like a useful appendix as part of another book. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:15, 11 March 2026 (UTC) **:::Note that these pages were created as transwiki back in late 2024 from Wikipedia (and they were deleted afterwards), and since these were deleted now from WikiBooks, they're no longer visible (also, they're still deleted from Wikipedia). However, "Wayback Machine" seems to have a copy of it, but it may not be complete. **:::If a restoration here isn't possible, what should be done instead? **:::[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-15548-70|&#126;2026-15548-70]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-15548-70|talk]]) 19:03, 11 March 2026 (UTC) **::::This was actually created in an earlier transwiki from Wikipedia (there were two)<s>-</s> the first being in July 2020. I support the proposal to make it an appendix to Introduction to Computer Information Systems or something similar.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 20:15, 11 March 2026 (UTC) **:::::{{ping|Alexlatham96}} which pages would you want to be undeleted? I can help. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:19, 11 March 2026 (UTC) **::::::Let's start with the MS-DOS (code page numbers 3846 and lower) and HP code tables section, because these were the most recently transwikied (people will be especially looking for code pages 775, 852, 855, 857, and 860). Once this is done, we can do the EBCDIC code tables, which were also transwikied (and I finished adding what was planned for Wikipedia).[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 00:17, 12 March 2026 (UTC) **:::::::I've undeleted all HP code table sections, and to clarify, do you want ALL MS-DOS sections lower than 3846 (including undeleting those in the 100-700 range) to be undeleted? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:31, 12 March 2026 (UTC) **::::::::Yes, including 3846. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 00:55, 12 March 2026 (UTC) **:::::::::{{done|All done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:29, 12 March 2026 (UTC) **::::::::::Great. Let me know when you have time to undelete the EBCDIC section- people will be looking for code pages 37, 500, 875, and 1026 especially.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 22:10, 12 March 2026 (UTC) **::::::::::Update: also the two in the ISO section- these are standards.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 06:29, 14 March 2026 (UTC) ***Thank you. I also see that the old administrator is inactive, and never found out about this. There <s>will</s> may have to be a new administrator other than me, since I am not one on Wikipedia or Wikibooks. <s>Does another user with knowledge of the topic like Drmccreedy or HarJIT have admin powers?</s>[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 03:34, 10 March 2026 (UTC) ***Update: I found out they do not have admin rights, but can still do non-admin tasks. The authors of Unicode's legacy encoding proposals (latest being L2-26/077) could also help out if they're active here.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 03:55, 10 March 2026 (UTC) * @[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]], [[Character Encodings]] and its subpages are all now restored. I apologize for the huge delay; thank you for your patience. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:56, 2 October 2026 (UTC) ** Thank you!!! Adding descriptions to pages.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 01:45, 5 October 2026 (UTC) ***Started the Glossary. [[Talk:Character Encodings/Code Tables]] has still not been restored yet. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 02:05, 5 October 2026 (UTC) ***:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 02:11, 5 October 2026 (UTC) ****Two more missing: [[Talk:Character Encodings/Code Tables/EBCDIC]] and [[Talk:Character Encodings/Code Tables/ISO]]. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 15:53, 11 October 2026 (UTC) ****: {{done|Restored}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 16:01, 11 October 2026 (UTC) == Markdown == The page [[Markdown]] was short but pretty sweet. It showed Markdown features by example and contained decent external links. He who would want to expand the page had the option. I find the page to be a minimum useful product/artifact, to be ideally restored. For reference, [https://web.archive.org/web/20250427011600/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Markdown the page in Wayback Machine]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 15:36, 5 May 2026 (UTC) : {{courtesy ping}} to [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] who marked the page for speedy deletion. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:00, 5 May 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] thank you! I think for me this relates to recent on-wiki discussions we've been having in the sense that I don't think it makes sense to host any content that could theoretically be improved by someone at some time in the future. Even if the content is valid (which it seems to be!), the work is not set up to be book-like, I don't think it's in scope here, and I can't see someone coming around and turning it into a book within a reasonable time frame. Does this help? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:42, 8 May 2026 (UTC) ::: {{courtesy ping}} to [[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:28, 8 May 2026 (UTC) ::: {{Ping|Kittycataclysm}} The content is not book-like, but I do not recall this having been a requirement in Wikibooks (despite the name). If there is a requirement that the content should be book-like, it should be made into a policy. I created other pages that were instructional with no chance of being book-like in the past. Some examples of non-book-like pages include [[less]], [[grep]] and [[sed]]. ::: The content is minimum useful artifact for the head and is instructional. ::: Either way, can you please at least restore the content in my user space? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:15, 18 May 2026 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] language in policy does refer to Wikibooks content as book-like. For example, per [[WB:WIW]]: ::::* {{tq|"The site should primarily be used for developing textbooks, textbook-like books, and supporting book-based instructional materials"}} ::::* {{tq|"As a general rule, only instructional books are suitable for inclusion"}} ::::* {{tq|"Wikibooks includes both minor and major book-like projects"}} ::::For other admins: if I am missing something obvious, please let me know. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:43, 20 May 2026 (UTC) ::::: {{Ping|Kittycataclysm}} Thank you. I note: 1) it says "primarily", which means "not exclusively"; 2) "instructional materials" is much broader than books. ::::: Moreover, I checked [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:What_is_Wikibooks%3F&oldid=3797401 2021 version] of the policy and did not find the text you are quoting. When was the text introduced, by what process and who approved the text? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:25, 20 May 2026 (UTC) ::::: Part of the answer lies in [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:What_is_Wikibooks%3F&diff=prev&oldid=4377929 this edit] of yours from 9 March 2024, which does not trace to a discussion or a vote, but traces to [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines]]. However, [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines]] is not marked as a policy. ::::: Be it as it may, it does not answer my question: where is the evidence of consensus for the changes, minimally in the form of a discussion, and ideally in the form of a request for comments or a vote? ::::: Let me also ask from the point of view of examining other examples that I already brought up: is it your view that [[less]], [[sed]] and [[grep]] should be deleted as non-books, too short to be considered books? ::::: Let me also ask about the ''process'': why was RFD not used and instead speedy was used? From what I recall, Wikibooks used to delete subpar content via RFD, including all those outlines with no content proper. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:41, 20 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::@[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ::::::# That's a good catch about the March 9 edit—I can't recall why I made that decision, but I think you're right that moving text from a non-policy page to a policy page without discussion is not appropriate. My understanding is that the general sentiment is still correct, but we'll need more community discussion to officially integrate it into policy. ::::::# Regarding the other examples you listed: assuming the book-like requirement is the community consensus, I don't think they can stand on their own, but it might be possible to turn them into a more cohesive book. ::::::# Regarding the process, I flagged for speedy deletion because I was on the fence about whether it was a speedy or an RFD—in these cases, I usually flag for another admin to review instead of making the deletion myself. ::::::Since this is getting more into community consensus territory, I am looping in other active users and admins to weigh in @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] @[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:Xania|Xania]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] @[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:04, 20 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @Kittycataclysm: Thank you for this response. And let me also thank you for your clean-up effort at Wikibooks; hardly anyone wants to do that and you seem to be doing quite a lot of it. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:56, 20 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::Wikibooks has never been heavy on written policies and tends to operate in line with what the current active community thinks is right. This isn't unusual, many small projects work like that. So getting hung up on who edited a policy and whether it was approved isn't really important - there have been many proposals put forward to amend WIW, and you need to search to find them as they are buried in different talk pages and project pages - what's important is what the community wants to do now. For what it is worth it is pretty clear from its very inception that the intention of Wikibooks was to host textbooks (see [[m:Talk:Science_Hypertextbook_project]]). That doesn't preclude the community from changing its mind, now or in the future. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:23, 20 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::: 1) This use of the word "community" (instead of e.g. "editors") is a huge red flag. 2) The above attitude allows for a manipulation of the project, especially by people who are more interested in exercising their power than contributing any useful content. If there really is a consensus of the "current active community" (whatever that is supposed to mean), that current community should not have any difficulty passing it through a request for comment or a vote. From my experience, projects that disregard policies start to get controlled by bad actors, often actors who do not have the skill to do any content work so they natually tend toward mere administrators (also known by Steve Jobs as bozos). --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:06, 23 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::My thoughts are mostly with Marc's and Leaderboard's here. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 22:57, 20 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::::+1 —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 17:32, 23 May 2026 (UTC) :I think the book does not qualify in its current state (but as a draft, wouldn't have qualified for deletion either). Markdown is indeed a language without a lot to write; however, I think the book is too small as written. The fact that it's only a single page is fine. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 13:08, 20 May 2026 (UTC) :: But ''why'' does it not qualify, given it shows the most important features of Markup by example? (It is not a book and probably never will be. It is too short for that and will be too short, even if expanded.) --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:14, 20 May 2026 (UTC) :::It's too brief in my opinion. A Wikibook tends to have significantly more detail, even if it's just one page. I think the book can absolutely be expanded in a form that will allow it to stay here. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 14:15, 20 May 2026 (UTC) :::: Brief for what purpose or objective? As a user of Markdown, I want to know the answer to the following questions: 1) What is the core syntax of Markdown (so that I can use it productively)? 2) What are some of the best external sources about Markdown? I provided an answer to both questions. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:21, 23 May 2026 (UTC) == [[Template:Message box]] == There are currently [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Message box|128 pages linking to this template]] which are currently displaying error messages instead of the intended text. Even if there is a module which implements some of the technical functionality previously used by this template, a template is still needed to simplfiy the process of invoking that module - even if it just expands to <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Message box}}</nowiki></code>. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:09, 9 October 2026 (UTC) == Pages related to citations == * [[Doi (identifier)]] * [[PMID (identifier)]] * [[ISSN (identifier)]] * [[PMC (identifier)]] These pages are all linked automatically by citation templates like {{tl|Cite journal}}. I understand that their content is out of scope for Wikibooks, but we're still linking to them - either they should exist, or we should modify the citation module to not link to them. Having them exist as soft redirects seems like the easier solution. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:14, 9 October 2026 (UTC) :Immediate solution is soft redirects, longer-term solution is removal from the template or at the very least, turning them into links to Wikipedia articles directly. I actually tried to resolve this when I first became an admin, but deciphering how to get these links out of the modules was too tricky for my smooth brain. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 20:33, 9 October 2026 (UTC) == [[User:Ottawahitech/American politics]] == Please undelete. Thanks in advance, [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 19:00, 11 October 2026 (UTC) : I do not see any reasoning on why this user subpage should be undeleted. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:36, 12 October 2026 (UTC) == Restore page please == Can admin please restore user:ottawahitech/comedy /satire to my current user space? thanks in advance, [[Special:Contributions/~2026-56766-53|~2026-56766-53]] ([[User talk:~2026-56766-53|talk]]) 18:33, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:~2026-56766-53|~2026-56766-53]]: This page does not appear to have ever existed. Did you mean [[User:Ottawahitech/standup comedy]]? If so, to quote Codename above, I do not see any reasoning on why this user subpage should be undeleted. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:35, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :This is really simple. The user space of registered accounts is for their use. Your behaviour in asserting that you are the operator of a registered account while not using it is becoming disruptive and you may well end up blocked if it continues. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:08, 26 October 2026 (UTC) == Request to restore Educational Development of Great Britain == Hello, I am the original creator of the Wikibooks page "Educational Development of Great Britain," which was deleted on November 29, 2025, as part of a mass deletion of abandoned books. I created this educational resource during my master's studies at Webster University. It covers the history of British education, major reforms, educational leadership, teacher preparation, and possible applications to Uzbekistan's education system. I understand that the page may not have fully met Wikibooks' requirements at the time. I have retained a PDF copy and would like the opportunity to revise and improve the content, verify the references, and develop it into a more complete instructional resource. Could you please consider restoring the page so I can make these improvements? I would appreciate any guidance on what specific changes are needed to meet Wikibooks' standards. Deletion log: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Log/delete?page=Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Guliismailova|Guliismailova]] ([[User talk:Guliismailova|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guliismailova|contribs]]) 08:45, 7 November 2026 (UTC) :If nothing else, I think it's fine to undelete to your userspace. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 17:13, 7 November 2026 (UTC) :See [[User:Guliismailova/Educational Development of Great Britain]]. The problem is that Wikibooks is a pretty small project and while in <em>principle</em> anyone can edit anything and build up a resource, in practice, books are mostly individual efforts or made by small groups deliberately. If one person puts effort into a book and then abandons it in a basically unreadable state, it's unlikely that anyone else will come along to build it out. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 17:16, 7 November 2026 (UTC) ff6dxzuhcujlw4i7vys8spi8d1wfw7o 4680711 4680710 2026-11-07T17:17:07Z Koavf 16549 /* Request to restore Educational Development of Great Britain */ 4680711 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{shortcut|WB:RFU}} {{Requests for deletion/New undeletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Undeletion intro}} <!-- New undeletion requests go at the bottom of this page. --> == [[Character Encodings]] == *I didn't see the deletion discussion, as the latest author of this wikibook. <s>I want to know what work could be done to fix this, if it was restored.</s> I see that it needs content outside of code tables for it to be valid- if restored, I will add pages for MS-DOS, HP, and EBCDIC. What else needs to be done? If restoring is impossible, I at least want to view it.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 21:37, 9 March 2026 (UTC) **Maybe this can be merged into [[Introduction to Computer Information Systems]] or something similar. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 21:44, 9 March 2026 (UTC) **:Hi, [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]]. I closed a [[Special:Diff/4622001|recent deletion discussion]] about the book, because: {{tq|Was never fleshed out into a proper book and consists only of code tables}}. I'll ping @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] here if they have a second opinion, and because they created the discussion (that never had any participation). There were hundreds of pages in this book that will take some time to restore. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:32, 10 March 2026 (UTC) **::Chiming in here to elaborate on my reasoning! Per [[WB:WIW]], {{tq|as a general rule, only instructional books are suitable for inclusion. Non-fictional books (as well as fictional ones) that aren't instructional aren't allowed on Wikibooks}}. Examples of nonfictional books that aren't instructional/allowed include reference works like dictionaries, which are only really allowed as part of larger instructional books and not on their own. Based on the contents I saw here, the content was solely reference materials and not instructional materials. I see no problem with consolidating and migrating the content to something like a useful appendix as part of another book. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:15, 11 March 2026 (UTC) **:::Note that these pages were created as transwiki back in late 2024 from Wikipedia (and they were deleted afterwards), and since these were deleted now from WikiBooks, they're no longer visible (also, they're still deleted from Wikipedia). However, "Wayback Machine" seems to have a copy of it, but it may not be complete. **:::If a restoration here isn't possible, what should be done instead? **:::[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-15548-70|&#126;2026-15548-70]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-15548-70|talk]]) 19:03, 11 March 2026 (UTC) **::::This was actually created in an earlier transwiki from Wikipedia (there were two)<s>-</s> the first being in July 2020. I support the proposal to make it an appendix to Introduction to Computer Information Systems or something similar.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 20:15, 11 March 2026 (UTC) **:::::{{ping|Alexlatham96}} which pages would you want to be undeleted? I can help. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:19, 11 March 2026 (UTC) **::::::Let's start with the MS-DOS (code page numbers 3846 and lower) and HP code tables section, because these were the most recently transwikied (people will be especially looking for code pages 775, 852, 855, 857, and 860). Once this is done, we can do the EBCDIC code tables, which were also transwikied (and I finished adding what was planned for Wikipedia).[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 00:17, 12 March 2026 (UTC) **:::::::I've undeleted all HP code table sections, and to clarify, do you want ALL MS-DOS sections lower than 3846 (including undeleting those in the 100-700 range) to be undeleted? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:31, 12 March 2026 (UTC) **::::::::Yes, including 3846. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 00:55, 12 March 2026 (UTC) **:::::::::{{done|All done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:29, 12 March 2026 (UTC) **::::::::::Great. Let me know when you have time to undelete the EBCDIC section- people will be looking for code pages 37, 500, 875, and 1026 especially.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 22:10, 12 March 2026 (UTC) **::::::::::Update: also the two in the ISO section- these are standards.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 06:29, 14 March 2026 (UTC) ***Thank you. I also see that the old administrator is inactive, and never found out about this. There <s>will</s> may have to be a new administrator other than me, since I am not one on Wikipedia or Wikibooks. <s>Does another user with knowledge of the topic like Drmccreedy or HarJIT have admin powers?</s>[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 03:34, 10 March 2026 (UTC) ***Update: I found out they do not have admin rights, but can still do non-admin tasks. The authors of Unicode's legacy encoding proposals (latest being L2-26/077) could also help out if they're active here.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 03:55, 10 March 2026 (UTC) * @[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]], [[Character Encodings]] and its subpages are all now restored. I apologize for the huge delay; thank you for your patience. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:56, 2 October 2026 (UTC) ** Thank you!!! Adding descriptions to pages.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 01:45, 5 October 2026 (UTC) ***Started the Glossary. [[Talk:Character Encodings/Code Tables]] has still not been restored yet. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 02:05, 5 October 2026 (UTC) ***:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 02:11, 5 October 2026 (UTC) ****Two more missing: [[Talk:Character Encodings/Code Tables/EBCDIC]] and [[Talk:Character Encodings/Code Tables/ISO]]. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 15:53, 11 October 2026 (UTC) ****: {{done|Restored}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 16:01, 11 October 2026 (UTC) == Markdown == The page [[Markdown]] was short but pretty sweet. It showed Markdown features by example and contained decent external links. He who would want to expand the page had the option. I find the page to be a minimum useful product/artifact, to be ideally restored. For reference, [https://web.archive.org/web/20250427011600/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Markdown the page in Wayback Machine]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 15:36, 5 May 2026 (UTC) : {{courtesy ping}} to [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] who marked the page for speedy deletion. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:00, 5 May 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] thank you! I think for me this relates to recent on-wiki discussions we've been having in the sense that I don't think it makes sense to host any content that could theoretically be improved by someone at some time in the future. Even if the content is valid (which it seems to be!), the work is not set up to be book-like, I don't think it's in scope here, and I can't see someone coming around and turning it into a book within a reasonable time frame. Does this help? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:42, 8 May 2026 (UTC) ::: {{courtesy ping}} to [[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:28, 8 May 2026 (UTC) ::: {{Ping|Kittycataclysm}} The content is not book-like, but I do not recall this having been a requirement in Wikibooks (despite the name). If there is a requirement that the content should be book-like, it should be made into a policy. I created other pages that were instructional with no chance of being book-like in the past. Some examples of non-book-like pages include [[less]], [[grep]] and [[sed]]. ::: The content is minimum useful artifact for the head and is instructional. ::: Either way, can you please at least restore the content in my user space? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:15, 18 May 2026 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] language in policy does refer to Wikibooks content as book-like. For example, per [[WB:WIW]]: ::::* {{tq|"The site should primarily be used for developing textbooks, textbook-like books, and supporting book-based instructional materials"}} ::::* {{tq|"As a general rule, only instructional books are suitable for inclusion"}} ::::* {{tq|"Wikibooks includes both minor and major book-like projects"}} ::::For other admins: if I am missing something obvious, please let me know. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:43, 20 May 2026 (UTC) ::::: {{Ping|Kittycataclysm}} Thank you. I note: 1) it says "primarily", which means "not exclusively"; 2) "instructional materials" is much broader than books. ::::: Moreover, I checked [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:What_is_Wikibooks%3F&oldid=3797401 2021 version] of the policy and did not find the text you are quoting. When was the text introduced, by what process and who approved the text? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:25, 20 May 2026 (UTC) ::::: Part of the answer lies in [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:What_is_Wikibooks%3F&diff=prev&oldid=4377929 this edit] of yours from 9 March 2024, which does not trace to a discussion or a vote, but traces to [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines]]. However, [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines]] is not marked as a policy. ::::: Be it as it may, it does not answer my question: where is the evidence of consensus for the changes, minimally in the form of a discussion, and ideally in the form of a request for comments or a vote? ::::: Let me also ask from the point of view of examining other examples that I already brought up: is it your view that [[less]], [[sed]] and [[grep]] should be deleted as non-books, too short to be considered books? ::::: Let me also ask about the ''process'': why was RFD not used and instead speedy was used? From what I recall, Wikibooks used to delete subpar content via RFD, including all those outlines with no content proper. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:41, 20 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::@[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ::::::# That's a good catch about the March 9 edit—I can't recall why I made that decision, but I think you're right that moving text from a non-policy page to a policy page without discussion is not appropriate. My understanding is that the general sentiment is still correct, but we'll need more community discussion to officially integrate it into policy. ::::::# Regarding the other examples you listed: assuming the book-like requirement is the community consensus, I don't think they can stand on their own, but it might be possible to turn them into a more cohesive book. ::::::# Regarding the process, I flagged for speedy deletion because I was on the fence about whether it was a speedy or an RFD—in these cases, I usually flag for another admin to review instead of making the deletion myself. ::::::Since this is getting more into community consensus territory, I am looping in other active users and admins to weigh in @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] @[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:Xania|Xania]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] @[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:04, 20 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @Kittycataclysm: Thank you for this response. And let me also thank you for your clean-up effort at Wikibooks; hardly anyone wants to do that and you seem to be doing quite a lot of it. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:56, 20 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::Wikibooks has never been heavy on written policies and tends to operate in line with what the current active community thinks is right. This isn't unusual, many small projects work like that. So getting hung up on who edited a policy and whether it was approved isn't really important - there have been many proposals put forward to amend WIW, and you need to search to find them as they are buried in different talk pages and project pages - what's important is what the community wants to do now. For what it is worth it is pretty clear from its very inception that the intention of Wikibooks was to host textbooks (see [[m:Talk:Science_Hypertextbook_project]]). That doesn't preclude the community from changing its mind, now or in the future. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:23, 20 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::: 1) This use of the word "community" (instead of e.g. "editors") is a huge red flag. 2) The above attitude allows for a manipulation of the project, especially by people who are more interested in exercising their power than contributing any useful content. If there really is a consensus of the "current active community" (whatever that is supposed to mean), that current community should not have any difficulty passing it through a request for comment or a vote. From my experience, projects that disregard policies start to get controlled by bad actors, often actors who do not have the skill to do any content work so they natually tend toward mere administrators (also known by Steve Jobs as bozos). --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:06, 23 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::My thoughts are mostly with Marc's and Leaderboard's here. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 22:57, 20 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::::+1 —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 17:32, 23 May 2026 (UTC) :I think the book does not qualify in its current state (but as a draft, wouldn't have qualified for deletion either). Markdown is indeed a language without a lot to write; however, I think the book is too small as written. The fact that it's only a single page is fine. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 13:08, 20 May 2026 (UTC) :: But ''why'' does it not qualify, given it shows the most important features of Markup by example? (It is not a book and probably never will be. It is too short for that and will be too short, even if expanded.) --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:14, 20 May 2026 (UTC) :::It's too brief in my opinion. A Wikibook tends to have significantly more detail, even if it's just one page. I think the book can absolutely be expanded in a form that will allow it to stay here. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 14:15, 20 May 2026 (UTC) :::: Brief for what purpose or objective? As a user of Markdown, I want to know the answer to the following questions: 1) What is the core syntax of Markdown (so that I can use it productively)? 2) What are some of the best external sources about Markdown? I provided an answer to both questions. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:21, 23 May 2026 (UTC) == [[Template:Message box]] == There are currently [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Message box|128 pages linking to this template]] which are currently displaying error messages instead of the intended text. Even if there is a module which implements some of the technical functionality previously used by this template, a template is still needed to simplfiy the process of invoking that module - even if it just expands to <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Message box}}</nowiki></code>. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:09, 9 October 2026 (UTC) == Pages related to citations == * [[Doi (identifier)]] * [[PMID (identifier)]] * [[ISSN (identifier)]] * [[PMC (identifier)]] These pages are all linked automatically by citation templates like {{tl|Cite journal}}. I understand that their content is out of scope for Wikibooks, but we're still linking to them - either they should exist, or we should modify the citation module to not link to them. Having them exist as soft redirects seems like the easier solution. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:14, 9 October 2026 (UTC) :Immediate solution is soft redirects, longer-term solution is removal from the template or at the very least, turning them into links to Wikipedia articles directly. I actually tried to resolve this when I first became an admin, but deciphering how to get these links out of the modules was too tricky for my smooth brain. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 20:33, 9 October 2026 (UTC) == [[User:Ottawahitech/American politics]] == Please undelete. Thanks in advance, [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 19:00, 11 October 2026 (UTC) : I do not see any reasoning on why this user subpage should be undeleted. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:36, 12 October 2026 (UTC) == Restore page please == Can admin please restore user:ottawahitech/comedy /satire to my current user space? thanks in advance, [[Special:Contributions/~2026-56766-53|~2026-56766-53]] ([[User talk:~2026-56766-53|talk]]) 18:33, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:~2026-56766-53|~2026-56766-53]]: This page does not appear to have ever existed. Did you mean [[User:Ottawahitech/standup comedy]]? If so, to quote Codename above, I do not see any reasoning on why this user subpage should be undeleted. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:35, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :This is really simple. The user space of registered accounts is for their use. Your behaviour in asserting that you are the operator of a registered account while not using it is becoming disruptive and you may well end up blocked if it continues. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:08, 26 October 2026 (UTC) == Request to restore Educational Development of Great Britain == Hello, I am the original creator of the Wikibooks page "Educational Development of Great Britain," which was deleted on November 29, 2025, as part of a mass deletion of abandoned books. I created this educational resource during my master's studies at Webster University. It covers the history of British education, major reforms, educational leadership, teacher preparation, and possible applications to Uzbekistan's education system. I understand that the page may not have fully met Wikibooks' requirements at the time. I have retained a PDF copy and would like the opportunity to revise and improve the content, verify the references, and develop it into a more complete instructional resource. Could you please consider restoring the page so I can make these improvements? I would appreciate any guidance on what specific changes are needed to meet Wikibooks' standards. Deletion log: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Log/delete?page=Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Guliismailova|Guliismailova]] ([[User talk:Guliismailova|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guliismailova|contribs]]) 08:45, 7 November 2026 (UTC) :If nothing else, I think it's fine to undelete to your userspace. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 17:13, 7 November 2026 (UTC) :See [[User:Guliismailova/Educational Development of Great Britain]]. The problem is that Wikibooks is a pretty small project and while in <em>principle</em> anyone can edit anything and build up a resource, in practice, books are mostly individual efforts or made by small groups deliberately. If one person puts effort into a book and then abandons it in a basically unreadable state, it's unlikely that anyone else will come along to build it out. So the solution is to either make it very mature or entirely done yourself or ensure that you have other editors motivated to continue working on it. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 17:16, 7 November 2026 (UTC) j1xoyad7yszvpjxfmea3gv4x1y7l9gk 4 723 4680773 4389089 2026-11-07T20:43:20Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 added [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4680773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{guideline|WB:BITE}} Newcomers are prospective members of the Wikibooks community and therefore a valuable resource. We must treat newcomers with kindness and patience&mdash;nothing scares potentially valuable contributors away faster than a hostile atmosphere. Newcomers, by definition, lack knowledge about the way we do things. We were all newcomers once, and most of us were enthusiastic, but lacked knowledge of how the project worked, and how to find that information. Many of us still consider ourselves newcomers after months (or years) of contributing. Even if you never were a typical newcomer&mdash;perhaps you were just super careful to read up on everything before even making slight contributions&mdash;understand that we do encourage contributors (yes, also newcomers) to [[WB:BOLD|be bold]] and keep in mind the value of others in the community. Pride for your successful contributions to Wikibooks is hardly cause for looking down on enthusiastic newcomers. == Correcting mistakes == When newcomers make mistakes, try to correct them and politely point out some avenues for reading up on [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines|best common practices]]. Also consider leaving a welcome note on the newcomer's [[Help:talk page|talk page]] to let them know that they are welcome here (there are some useful ones available on [[Wikibooks:Templates/User messages]]). New contributors are often hesitant to make changes, especially major ones, such as [[WB:NPOV|NPOV]]ing and moving. Rather than being annoyed by their timidness, kindly encourage them to [[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold in updating pages]]. Avoid hostile comments about the newcomer's ignorance. Be very careful with the wording of your edit summaries as these cannot be reworded later. When you give advice to new contributors, tone the rhetoric down even a few notches from the usual mellow discourse that dominates Wikibooks. Try to make the newcomer feel genuinely welcome, not as though they must win your approval in order to be granted membership into an exclusive club. == Stepping back and mentoring == If you find these frustrating, don't correct them and just ''let it pass''. Newcomers that stick around are usually the most diligent in hunting down all their early mistakes once they get to know the project. The best way to stop that is to drive them away before they learn. Remember that writing a book is hard to do right. There are going to be a number of experiments that go way beyond even just learning how to edit. Newcomers need a ''mentor'' far more than a ''critic''. If you see common mistakes being made, instead of complaining about recurring issues, consider supplementing or improving [[Help:Contents|our documentation]] for future newcomers; help by making it more accessible and point newcomers to it. == Final thoughts == Stay on the safe side by always assuming that newcomers sincerely want to contribute positively (a fair assumption since most do). Just because they do not know much about our standard editing practices doesn't mean they aren't willing to learn. Give them a chance! {{Wikibooks policies and guidelines}} [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]] qjhkjb09f1ucbsi7cy7r3jmhdrt6kdm 4 803 4680749 4389086 2026-11-07T20:34:12Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Moving from [[Category:Behavioral policies]] to [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4680749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy|WB:PROFANE}} __NOTOC__ Avoid [[wikt:profanity|profanity]] (words or images that could be considered offensive by typical Wikibooks readers), but not at the expense of accuracy. We strive to create a serious educational resource with [[Wikibooks:Featured books|brilliant prose]]. Consideration to how others will perceive it is therefore an asset. Profanity is never acceptable in [[Wikibooks:What is Wikijunior|Wikijunior]]. == Usernames == Avoid offensive usernames. Wikibookians feel that tolerating offensive usernames has few, if any benefits, but can turn away contributors who see them in a list of recent changes or elsewhere. For the purpose of Wikibooks, this outweighs freedom of expression. Users with profane or obscene usernames may be blocked without prior warning. == Modules == [[WB:MODULE|Module]] titles should not include profanity unless specifically required by the content. Modules with inappropriate titles may be moved on sight to more appropriate locations, or [[WB:SPEEDY|speedily deleted]] and do not need to be listed on [[WB:RFD|requests for deletion]]. Well written modules should not, on the whole, need to use profanity. It may, however, be warranted in some cases: modules specifically ''about'' how profanity is used in society are an example, and when mentioning someone else's use of it, you should go ahead and be accurate. Include the full, uncensored version when including exact quotes that are relevant to the module. There's no point in ever turning an instance of "[[wikt:fuck|fuck]]" into "f***" or "the f word". If you wish to eliminate the word, you should paraphrase rather than quote it. == Other pages == Other pages don't have the same requirements as the module pages, but profanity should be avoided there as well. Talk pages in particular are for conversation between users about a page, and in such conversations (except perhaps conversations about profanity itself) do not require profanity. Wikibookians may not verbally attack or abuse one another anywhere on Wikibooks, as we are all required to [[Wikibooks:Be civil|be nice to one another]]. == See also == * [[Wikibooks:Content disclaimer]] {{Wikibooks policies and guidelines}} [[Category:Content-related policies]] [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]] 01e7rq2fwyv9khub7okh6relgtiffqp 4680761 4680749 2026-11-07T20:37:17Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Moving from [[Category:Content-related policies]] to [[Category:Content-related policies and guidelines]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4680761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy|WB:PROFANE}} __NOTOC__ Avoid [[wikt:profanity|profanity]] (words or images that could be considered offensive by typical Wikibooks readers), but not at the expense of accuracy. We strive to create a serious educational resource with [[Wikibooks:Featured books|brilliant prose]]. Consideration to how others will perceive it is therefore an asset. Profanity is never acceptable in [[Wikibooks:What is Wikijunior|Wikijunior]]. == Usernames == Avoid offensive usernames. Wikibookians feel that tolerating offensive usernames has few, if any benefits, but can turn away contributors who see them in a list of recent changes or elsewhere. For the purpose of Wikibooks, this outweighs freedom of expression. Users with profane or obscene usernames may be blocked without prior warning. == Modules == [[WB:MODULE|Module]] titles should not include profanity unless specifically required by the content. Modules with inappropriate titles may be moved on sight to more appropriate locations, or [[WB:SPEEDY|speedily deleted]] and do not need to be listed on [[WB:RFD|requests for deletion]]. Well written modules should not, on the whole, need to use profanity. It may, however, be warranted in some cases: modules specifically ''about'' how profanity is used in society are an example, and when mentioning someone else's use of it, you should go ahead and be accurate. Include the full, uncensored version when including exact quotes that are relevant to the module. There's no point in ever turning an instance of "[[wikt:fuck|fuck]]" into "f***" or "the f word". If you wish to eliminate the word, you should paraphrase rather than quote it. == Other pages == Other pages don't have the same requirements as the module pages, but profanity should be avoided there as well. Talk pages in particular are for conversation between users about a page, and in such conversations (except perhaps conversations about profanity itself) do not require profanity. Wikibookians may not verbally attack or abuse one another anywhere on Wikibooks, as we are all required to [[Wikibooks:Be civil|be nice to one another]]. == See also == * [[Wikibooks:Content disclaimer]] {{Wikibooks policies and guidelines}} [[Category:Content-related policies and guidelines]] [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]] t8z6d0iawats0c6tpt20niuxmpolw8z 102 4998 4680916 4520508 2026-11-08T08:55:04Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680916 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {{Ingredient summary | Image = [[File:Aubergine-Varianten.JPG|300px]] | Category = Vegetables }} {{vegetable}} '''Eggplant''' (also known as '''aubergine''' or '''brinjal''')<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199677337.001.0001/acref-9780199677337 |title=The Oxford Companion to Food |date=2014-01-01 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |editor-last=Jaine |editor-first=Tom |doi=10.1093/acref/9780199677337.001.0001}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Kipfer |first=Barbara Ann |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7xUafQwz2tkC&newbks=0&hl=en&source=newbks_fb |title=The Culinarian: A Kitchen Desk Reference |date=2012-04-11 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |isbn=978-0-544-18603-3 |language=en}}</ref> is a vegetable in the nightshade family.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Gisslen |first=Wayne |url=https://books.google.dm/books?id=S3q5BwAAQBAJ |title=Essentials of Professional Cooking, 2nd Edition |date=2015-03-12 |publisher=Wiley Global Education |isbn=978-1-119-03072-0 |language=en}}</ref> == Characteristics == The eggplant is shiny and bulbous and comes in a range of shapes, sizes, and colors. Varieties common in the West are large, with a pear or teardrop shape and a deep purple color.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Labensky |first=Sarah R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E3t-swEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals |last2=Hause |first2=Alan M. |last3=Martel |first3=Priscilla |date=2018-01-18 |publisher=Pearson |isbn=978-0-13-444190-0 |language=en}}</ref> Common East Asian varieties are often elongated, with pale purple skin,<ref name=":1" /> while South and Southeast Asian ones are often spherical or ovoid. There are even tiny, marble-sized green Asian eggplants,<ref name=":1" /> as well as bright white varieties.<ref name=":4" /> [[File:Eggplant-sliced.jpg|thumb|Eggplant flesh]] The flesh is off-white and somewhat spongy, with a mild if slightly bitter flavor.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Foster |first=Kelli |title=Everything You Need to Know About Eggplant |url=https://www.thekitchn.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-eggplant-ingredient-intelligence-55666}}</ref> After cooking, it becomes very soft.<ref name=":3" /> The smaller varieties are said to be less bitter and to need less preparation.<ref name=":0" /><gallery mode="packed" caption="Eggplant varieties"> File:Starr-070730-7863-Solanum melongena-green variety-Foodland Pukalani-Maui (24522887329).jpg|Green eggplant File:Yellow Eggplant, Wintergarden, Auckland Domain.jpg|Yellow eggplant File:Egg plant.JPG|White eggplant File:Starr-070730-7865-Solanum melongena-long skinny purple variety-Foodland Pukalani-Maui (24797109001).jpg|Elongated purple variety </gallery> ==Seasonality== {{Seasonality|Eggplant|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|3|3|3|2}} In tropical climates, eggplants are grown all year round, with a peak season in the late summer and fall.<ref name=":0" /> In colder regions, they can only be grown in greenhouses or imported. == Selection and storage == When selecting eggplants, look for those that are firm and dense-seeming, with taut shiny skin.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> If a colored variety, the color should be deep.<ref name=":1" /> Eggplants can be stored in the fridge for a few days,<ref name=":0" /> but they ultimately don't keep for that long.<ref name=":3" /> ==Preparation== Eggplant can be a very bitter vegetable, requiring special preparation to minimise this bitterness. Some modern varieties of eggplant are bred to be free from bitterness, and can be cooked without the preparatory methods. Experimentation may be needed to balance any bitterness with sweeter flavours within the same dish or meal; this is why eggplants and tomatoes work so well together. The usual preparation method for reducing the bitter taste of eggplant involves slicing, washing and then rubbing the vegetable with salt.<ref name=":2" /> The salt pulls out the bitter juices via osmosis, so when preparing it is often best to put the slices of eggplant on a rack over a sink or on paper towels. Wash the salt off after at least thirty minutes,<ref name=":2" /> dry thoroughly, and cook the eggplant as desired; keep in mind that often a small amount of salt remains in the flesh, so the amount of salt added during cooking may need to be less than you might think. When the eggplant has been "purged" in this manner, the flesh becomes much more absorbent and flexible, like a sponge, and is excellent at absorbing other liquids and flavors. Be aware that the eggplant can absorb a good deal of oil.<ref name=":0" /> Eggplants can be peeled if the skin is particularly thick and tough.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Note that the flesh will discolor after exposure to air.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ==Use== Once prepared, eggplant may be stuffed, [[Cookbook:Grilling|grilled]], [[Cookbook:Frying|fried]], [[Cookbook:Baking|baked]], pickled, or [[Cookbook:Stir-frying|stir-fried]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> Its versatility leads to eggplant dishes in many different cuisines, from [[Cookbook:Cuisine of Japan|Japan]] to [[Cookbook:Cuisine of India|India]] to [[Cookbook:Cuisine of Italy|Italy]].<ref name=":4" /> It is an essential ingredient in several savoury dishes, most notably the Greek [[Cookbook:Moussaka|moussaka]].<ref name=":4" /> It is frequently stuffed in Near Eastern cuisine.<ref name=":4" /> ==Recipes== <div style="column-count:3"> <categorytree mode="all"; hideprefix="always">Recipes using eggplant</categorytree> </div> == References == [[Category:Basic foodstuffs|Eggplant]] [[Category:Featured ingredients|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Autumn ingredients|Eggplant]] [[nl:Kookboek/Aubergine]] 46alliq4b80ur0bbzr4acq92ttha3pq 0 13332 4680701 4475044 2026-11-07T16:57:00Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4680701 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__<noinclude>{{EuropeanHistoryTOC}} </noinclude> {| border="0" id="toc" style="margin: 0 auto;" align=center | &nbsp; [[#A|A]] &nbsp; [[#B|B]] &nbsp; [[#C|C]] &nbsp; [[#D|D]] &nbsp; [[#E|E]] &nbsp; [[#F|F]] &nbsp; [[#G|G]] &nbsp; [[#H|H]] &nbsp; [[#I|I]] &nbsp; [[#J|J]] &nbsp; [[#K|K]] &nbsp; [[#L|L]] &nbsp; [[#M|M]] &nbsp; [[#N|N]] &nbsp; [[#O|O]] &nbsp; [[#P|P]] &nbsp; [[#Q|Q]] &nbsp; [[#R|R]] &nbsp; [[#S|S]] &nbsp; [[#T|T]] &nbsp; [[#U|U]] &nbsp; [[#V|V]] &nbsp; [[#W|W]] &nbsp; [[#X|X]] &nbsp; [[#Y|Y]] &nbsp; [[#Z|Z]] &nbsp; |} ==A== *'''[[w:Absolutism|Absolutism]]''' - Political theory that one person should hold all power; in some cases justified by "Divine Right of Kings." *'''[[w:Act of Supremacy|Act of Supremacy]]''' ''(1534)'' - Act of Parliament under King Henry VIII of England declaring the king as the head of the Church of England, making official the English Reformation; (1559) reinstatement of the original act by Queen Elizabeth I. *'''[[w:Adam Smith|Adam Smith]]''' ''(1723-1790)'' - Scottish economist and philosopher, author of ''The Wealth of Nations'', thought of as the father of capitalist economics. *'''[[w:Age of Enlightenment|Age of Enlightenment]]''' - An intellectual movement in 18th century Europe marked by rational thinking, in contrast with the superstition of the Dark Ages. *'''[[w:Albert Einstein|Albert Einstein]]''' ''(1879–1955)'' - Physicist who proposed the theory of relativity and made advances in quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and cosmology. *'''[[w:Alexander Kerensky|Alexander Kerensky]]''' ''(1881-1970)'' - The second prime minister of the Russian Provisional Government, immediately before the Bolsheviks and Lenin came to power. *'''[[w:Algeciras Conference|Algeciras Conference]]''' - Took place in 1906 in Algeciras, Spain. The purpose of the conference was to mediate the Moroccan dispute between France and Germany, and to assure the repayment of a large loan made to the Sultan in 1904. The Entente Cordiale between France and the United Kingdom gave the British a free hand in Egypt in exchange for a French free hand in Morocco. France tried to achieve a protectorate over Morocco, but was opposed by Germany. *'''[[w:Allied Powers|Allied Powers]]''' ''(World War I)'' - Russia, France, British Empire, Italy, and United States. *'''[[w:Anschluss|Anschluss]]''' ''(1938)'' - The inclusion of Austria in a "Greater Germany"; in contrast with the ''Ausschluss'', the exclusion of Austria from Imperial Germany in 1871. *'''[[w:Ancien Régime|Ancien Régime]]''' ''("Old Order")'' - the social and political system established in France under the absolute monarchy; removed by the French Revolution. *'''[[w:Appeasement|Appeasement]]''' - Neville Chamberlain's policy of accepting conditions imposed by Nazi Germany. *'''[[w:April Theses|April Theses]]''' ''(1917)'' - Lenin's writings on how Russia should be governed and the future of the Bolsheviks. *'''[[w:Aristotelian (Ptolemaic) Cosmology|Aristotelian (Ptolemaic) Cosmology]]''' - The belief that Earth is at the center of the universe *'''[[w:Arms Race|Arms Race]]''' - A competition between two or more countries for military supremacy. This was perhaps most prominent during the Cold War, pitting the USA against the Soviet Union. *'''[[w:Aryans|Aryans]]''' - In Nazism and neo-Nazism, a non-Jewish Caucasian, especially one of Nordic type, supposed to be part of a master race. *'''[[w:Autarky|Autarky]]''' - An economy that does no trade with the outside world. *'''[[w:Avant-garde|Avant-garde]]''' - People or actions that are novel or experimental, particularly with respect to the arts and culture. *'''[[w:Avignon Papacy|Avignon Papacy]]''' ''(1305-1378)'' - Period during which the Papacy was moved from Rome to Avignon, France. ==B== *'''[[w:Babylonian Captivity|Babylonian Captivity]]''' - A term referring to the Avignon Papacy which implies that the Popes were captives under the French kings. *'''[[w:Banalities|Banalities]]''' - Fees imposed by a feudal lord on serfs for the use of his facilities. *'''[[w:Baroque|Baroque]]''' - A cultural movement in art originating around 1600 in Rome; art designed for the illiterate rather than the well-informed ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:Bastille|Bastille]]''' ''("Stronghold")'' - Generally refers to Bastille Saint-Antoine, demolished in the ''Storming of the Bastille'' at the start of the French Revolution. *'''[[w:Battle of Gallipoli|Battle of Gallipoli]]''' ''(1915)'' - Failed attempt by the Allies to capture the Ottoman capital of Constantinople. ''(World War I)'' *'''[[w:Battle of Jutland|Battle of Jutland]]''' ''(1916)'' - Largest naval battle of World War I; fought in the North Sea between British and German fleets. *'''[[w:Battle of the Argonne|Battle of the Argonne]]''' ''(1918)'' - Biggest operation and victory of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in World War I; in the Verdun Sector. *'''[[w:Battle of the Somme|Battle of the Somme]]''' ''(1916)'' - Attempt by British and French forces to break through the German lines, to draw German forces away from Verdun. *'''[[w:Battle of Verdun|Battle of Verdun]]''' ''(Feb-Dec 1916)'' - Longest and possibly largest battle in history; resulted in over 1 million deaths and 450,000 wounded or missing. *'''[[w:Battle of Lepanto|Battle of Lepanto]]''' ''(1571)'' - The first major victory of any European power over the Ottoman Empire; destruction of most of the Ottoman Empire's ships resulted in its loss of control over the Mediterranean Sea. *'''[[w:Beer Hall Putsch|Beer Hall Putsch]]''' ''(1923)'' - An unsuccessful coup by Adolf Hitler and other leaders in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. *'''[[w:Belgian Congo|Belgian Congo]]''' - An area of central Africa, which was under formal control of the Belgian parliament from 1908 to 1960. The Belgian administration was one of paternalistic colonialism in which the educational and political system was dominated by the Roman Catholic Church and Protestant churches. *'''[[w:Benjamin Disraeli|Benjamin Disraeli]]''' ''(1804-1881)'' - British author and Prime Minister, best known for his defense of the ''Corn Laws''. *'''[[w:Berlin Crisis|Berlin Crisis]]''' ''(1948-1949)'' - The Soviet blockade of West Berlin during the Cold War; abated after the Soviet Union did not act to stop American, British and French airlifts of food and other provisions to the Western-held sectors of Berlin *'''[[w:Bill of Rights 1689|Bill of Rights 1689]]''' - One of the fundamental documents of English law; agreed to by ''William and Mary'' in return for their being affirmed as co-rulers by the English Parliament after the Glorious Revolution. *'''[[w:Black Death|Black Death]]''' - The plague which killed one third of Europe's population in the 14th century. *'''[[w:Bloodless Revolution|Bloodless Revolution]]''' - A term used to refer to the ''Glorious Revolution''; the description is largely accurate of William's succession to the English throne, although his struggle to gain the Scottish and Irish thrones was far from bloodless. *'''[[w:Boer War|Boer War]]''' - Two wars, one in 1880-81 and the second from October 11, 1899 – 1902 both between the British and the settlers of Dutch origin (called Boere, Afrikaners or Voortrekkers) in South Africa that put an end to the two independent republics that they had founded. *'''[[w:Bolsheviks|Bolsheviks]]''' - A faction of the Russian revolutionary movement formed 1903 by followers of Vladimir Lenin, who believed in a small party of revolutionaries with a large fringe group of supporters. *'''[[w:Book of Common Prayer|Book of Common Prayer]]''' - The prayer book of the Church of England; was first published in 1544 and has been through many revisions. *'''[[w:Boxer-Rebellion|Boxer-Rebellion]]''' - Uprising against Western influence in China. *'''[[w:Burschenschaften|Burschenschaften]]''' - Liberal German associations of university students; helped initiate the ''Revolution of 1848 in Germany''. ==C== *'''[[w:Cahiers de doléances|Cahier des doléances]]''' ''("Statement of Grievances")'' - documents drawn up by electors of the French States-General, since 1484, listing complaints with the state. *'''[[w:Calvinism|Calvinism]]''' - Protestant religion founded by John Calvin, centered upon "the sovereignty of God" ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:Carbonari|Carbonari]]''' ''("coal-burners")'' - groups of secret revolutionary societies founded in early 19th century Italy, and instrumental in organizing revolution in Italy in 1820 and 1848. *'''[[w:Carlsbad Decrees|Carlsbad Decrees]]''' ''(1819)'' - A set of restrictions placed on Germans, under influence of Metternich of Austria; dissolved the Burschenschaften, provided for university inspectors and press censors. *'''[[w:Catholic monarchs|Catholic monarchs]]''' - The Spanish rulers Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdidand II of Aragon whose marriage marked the start of Christian dominance in Spain. *'''[[w:Cavaliers|Cavaliers]]''' - Supporters of Charles I of England in the English Civil War; also known as ''Royalists''. *'''[[w:Cecil Rhodes|Cecil Rhodes]]''' - (1853–1902) British imperialist and the effective founder of the state of Rhodesia (since 1980 known as Zimbabwe), named after himself. He profited greatly from southern Africa's natural resources, generally at the expense of the natives; severely racist. *'''[[w:Central Powers|Central Powers]]''' ''(World War I)'' - Dual Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. *'''[[w:Cesare Beccaria|Cesare Beccaria]]''' ''(1735-1794)'' - Italian philosopher and mathematician, author of ''On Crimes and Punishments'' resulting in penal code reforms. *'''[[w:Charles Fourier|Charles Fourier]]''' ''(1772-1837)'' - French utopian socialist thinker; supported man's right to a minimum standard of life. *'''[[w:Charles I|Charles I]]''' (of England, Scotland) ''(1600-1649)'' - Struggled against Parliament, favoring absolutism, hostile to religious reform efforts; executed at the end of the English Civil War. *'''[[w:Chartism|Chartism]]''' - A movement for social and political reform in England, named from the ''People's Charter'' of 1838. *'''[[w:Cheka|Cheka]]''' ''(1917-1922)'' - The first of many Soviet secret police organizations. *'''[[w:Chivalry|Chivalry]]''' - Church-endorsed warrior code of ethics for knights, valuing bravery, loyalty, and self-sacrifice. *'''[[w:Cobden–Chevalier Treaty|Cobden–Chevalier Treaty]]''' ''(1860)'' - Treaty substantially lowering duties between the Britain and France, marking increasing cooperation between the two nations. *'''[[w:Classical|Classical]]''' - Pertaining to the culture of ancient Greece and Rome. *'''[[w:Classical liberalism|Classical liberalism]]''' - A political and economic philosophy, originally founded on the Enlightenment tradition that tries to circumscribe the limits of political power and to define and support individual rights. *'''[[w:Claude Henri de Saint-Simon|Claude Henri de Saint-Simon]]''' ''(1760-1825)'' - The founder of French socialism. *'''[[w:Comintern|Comintern]]''' ''(Communist International)'' - International Communist organization founded in March 1919 by Lenin, intended to fight for complete abolition of the State. *'''[[w:Committee of Public Safety|Committee of Public Safety]]''' - the executive government of France during the Reign of Terror of the French Revolution, established on April 6, 1793. *'''[[w:Common Market|Common Market]]''' - A customs union with common policies on product regulation, and freedom of movement of all the four factors of production (goods, services, capital and labour). It is established across most modern European nations. *'''[[w:Code Napoléon|Code Napoléon]]''' - ''(see Napoleonic code)''. *'''[[w:Collectivisation|Collectivisation]]''' - An agriculture system in which peasants are not paid wages, but instead receive a share of the farm's net output. *'''[[w:Committee of Public Safety|Committee of Public Safety]]''' - The executive government of France during the Reign of Terror of the French Revolution. *'''[[w:Communist Manifesto|Communist Manifesto]]''' - Document laying out the purposes of the Communist League, first published on February 21, 1848, by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. *'''[[w:Concordat of 1801|Concordat of 1801]]''' - Agreement between Napoléon and Pope Pius VII after Napoléon's coup d'état of France. *'''[[w:Congress of Berlin|Congress of Berlin]]''' - Prompted in 1878 by Otto von Bismarck to revise the Treaty of San Stefano. Proposed and ratified the Treaty of Berlin. *'''[[w:Congress of Vienna|Congress of Vienna]]''' ''(1814-1815)'' - a conference held in Vienna, Austria, to redraw Europe's political map after the defeat of Napoleonic France. *'''[[w:Consubstantiation|Consubstantiation]]''' - Lutheran belief that in the Eucharist sacrament, the spirit of Christ is present in the bread and wine, but they are not actually the body and blood of Christ ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:Continental System|Continental System]]''' - Foreign economic warfare policy of Napoléon, consisting of an embargo against Great Britain, which failed. *'''[[w:Corn Laws|Corn Laws]]''' ''(1815-1846)'' - British import tariffs designed to protect farmers and landowners against foreign competition. *'''[[w:Corporative state|Corporative state]]''' - A political system in which legislative power is given to corporations that represent economic, industrial, and professional groups. *'''[[w:Corvée|Corvée]]''' - In feudal societies, an annual tax on a serf that is payable by labor; used to complete royal projects, to maintain roads, and for other purposes. *'''[[w:Council of Constance|Council of Constance]]''' ''(1414-1418)'' - Called for the abdication of all three popes of the Western Schism; successfully elected Martin V as the single pope, ending the Schism. *'''[[w:Council of Trent|Council of Trent]]''' ''(1545-1563)'' - Council of the Catholic Church to condemn Protestantism and to initiate some internal reform of Church corruption ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:Count Cavour|Count Cavour]]''' ''(1810-1861)'' - Leader in the movement for Italian unification; first Prime Minister of Kingdom of Italy. *'''[[w:Coup d'état|Coup d'état]]''' - Sudden overthrow of a government, typically done by a small group that only replaces the top power figures. *'''[[w:Crédit Mobilier|Crédit Mobilier]]''' ''(1872)'' - Involved the Union Pacific Railroad and the Crédit Mobilier of America construction company. $47 million contracts had given Crédit Mobilier a profit of $21 million and left Union Pacific and other investors near bankruptcy. A Congressional investigation of thirteen members led to the censure of the board members and many political figures had their careers damaged. *'''[[w:Cuban Missile Crisis|Cuban Missile Crisis]]''' ''(1962)'' - Started on October 16, 1962, when U.S. reconnaissance was shown to U.S. President John F. Kennedy which revealed evidence for Soviet nuclear missile installations on the island, and lasted for 13 days until October 28, 1962, when Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announced that the installations would be dismantled. ==D== *'''[[w:Dante Alighieri|Dante Alighieri]]''' ''(1265-1321)'' - Author of ''The Divine Comedy'', a highly sarcastic work criticizing the Church; one of the first authors to write in vernacular. *'''[[w:David Hume|David Hume]]''' ''(1711-1776)'' - Philosopher and historian of the Scottish Enlightenment. *'''[[w:Decembrists|Decembrists]]''' - Officers of the Russian Army that led 3,000 soldiers in the Decembrist Revolt, an attempted uprising at Senate Square in December, 1825. *'''[[w:Declaration of Pillnitz|Declaration of Pillnitz]]''' ''(1791)'' - A statement issued by Emperor Leopold II and Frederick William II of Prussia, warning French revolutionaries to allow restoration to power of Louis XVI. *'''[[w:Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen|Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]]''' ''(1789)'' - French Revolution document defining a set of individual rights, adopted by the National Constituent Assembly as a first step toward writing a constitution. *'''[[w:Defenestration of Prague|Defenestration of Prague]]''' (Second) ''(1618)'' - Act of revolt of the Bohemian aristocracy against the election of Ferdinand II, a Catholic zealot, as ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. *'''[[w:Deism|Deism]]''' - Belief in a God as the creator, based on reason instead of faith ''(Enlightenment)''. *'''[[w:Denis Diderot|Denis Diderot]]''' ''(1713-1784)'' - French writer and philosopher dealing with free will, editor-in-chief of the early encyclopedia, Encyclopédie ''(Enlightenment)''. *'''[[w:Destalinization|Destalinization]]''' - Actions taken by Khruschev in the Soviet Union to allow greater dissent and to speak out against the actions of former USSR Premier Stalin. *'''[[w:Détente|Détente]]''' - The relaxation of tensions between the Soviets and Americans. *'''[[w:Dialectical materialism|Dialectical materialism]]''' - The philosophical basis of Marxism as defined by later Communists; uses the concepts of thesis, antithesis and synthesis to explain the growth and development of human history. *'''[[w:Diggers|Diggers]]''' - A group begun by Gerrard Winstanley in 1649 during Oliver Cromwell's England; called for a social revolution toward a communistic and agrarian lifestyle based on Christian Nationalism. *'''[[w:Directory|Directory]]''' - A group of five men who held the executive power in France, according to the French Revolution constitution of 1795. *'''[[w:Duke of Alva|Duke of Alva]]''' - Commonly refers to ''Fernando Álvarez de Toledo'', the third Duke of Alva (or Alba). *'''[[w:Dutch East India Company|Dutch East India Company]]''' ''(1602-1798)'' - The first joint-stock company; granted a trade monopoly with Asia by the government of the Netherlands. *'''[[w:Dutch Revolt|Dutch Revolt]]''' - Term referring to the ''Eighty Years' War''. ==E== *'''[[w:Edict of Nantes|Edict of Nantes]]''' ''(1598)'' - Declaration by Henry IV of France granting Huguenots substantial rights in a Catholic nation; introduction of religious tolerance ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:Edict of Worms|Edict of Worms]]''' ''(1521)'' - Declaration by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the end of the Diet of Worms that Martin Luther was an outlaw and a heretic ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:Edmund Burke|Edmund Burke]]''' ''(1729-1797)'' - Irish philosopher, Whig politician, and founder of modern conservatism; criticized the French Revolution. *'''[[w:Eighty Years' War|Eighty Years' War]]''' ''(1568-1648)'' - A war of secession in which the Netherlands first gained independence as the Dutch Republic. *'''[[w:Emigration|Emigration]]''' - The action and the phenomenon of leaving one's native country to settle abroad. In particular, a large amount of emigration took place during the late 1800s in Europe. *'''[[w:Ems Telegram|Ems Telegram]]''' ''(1870)'' - Document edited by Otto von Bismarck to provoke the Franco-Prussian War. *'''[[w:Enclosure|Enclosure]]''' - The post-feudal process of enclosing open fields into individually owned fields; took off rapidly in 15th and 16th centuries as sheep farming became increasingly profitable. *'''[[w:Enlightenment|Enlightenment]]''' - ''(see Age of Enlightenment)''. *'''[[w:English Civil War|English Civil War]]''' ''(1642-1649)'' - A civil war fought between supporters of Charles I, (king of England, Scotland, and Ireland) and the Long Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell. *'''[[w:Erich Ludendorff|Erich Ludendorff]]''' ''(1865-1937)'' - German general responsible for capturing the forts of Liège, critical to the Schlieffen Plan. *'''[[w:Erich Maria Remarque|Erich Maria Remarque]]''' ''(1898-1970)'' - German soldier on the front lines of World War I, wrote ''All Quiet on the Western Front'' (1929). *'''[[w:Escorial|Escorial]]''' - Large palace, monastery, museum, and library near Madrid, Spain; commanded by King Philip II, promoting study in aid of the Counter-Reformation. *'''[[w:Estates-General|Estates-General]]''' - An assembly of the three classes, or Estates, of France before the French Revolution. *'''[[w:Excommunication|Excommunication]]''' - Suspension of one's membership in the religious community; banning from the Church. ==F== *'''[[w:Factory Act|Factory Act]]''' ''(1833)'' - An attempt to establish normal working hours for workers in the textile industry. *'''[[w:Fall of Eagles|Fall of Eagles]]''' - Refers to the collapse of tsarist Russia. *'''[[w:Fascism|Fascism]]''' - Right-wing authoritarian political movement. *'''[[w:Fashoda Incident|Fashoda Incident]]''' - The climax of colonial disputes between imperial Britain and France in Eastern Africa; brought Britain and France to the verge of war but ended in a diplomatic victory for Britain. *'''[[w:February Revolution|February Revolution]]''' ''(1917)'' - The first stage of the Russian Revolution of 1917, consisting of riots in Petrograd which resulted in the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II. *'''[[w:Ferdinand Foch|Ferdinand Foch, General]]''' ''(1851-1929)'' - French soldier critical in stopping German advance during Spring 1918 and the Second Battle of Marne (July 1918); began the counter-attack leading to German defeat. *'''[[w:Ferdinand Lassalle|Ferdinand Lassalle]]''' ''(1825-1864)'' - German politician whose actions led to the formation of the Social Democratic Party, which was strongly opposed by Karl Marx. *'''[[w:Fernando Álvarez de Toledo|Fernando Álvarez de Toledo]]''' ''(1508-1583)'' - A Spanish general and governor of the Spanish Netherlands, nicknamed "the Iron Duke" for his cruelty; fought against Protestants in the Netherlands ''(Eighty Years' War)''. *'''[[w:Feudalism|Feudalism]]''' - Medieval system of holding land as a fief, provided by a lord to a vassal. *'''[[w:Fief|Fief]]''' - Revenue-producing property granted by a lord to a vassal ''(feudalism)''. *'''[[w:First Five-Year Plan|First Five-Year Plan]]''' - Outline the goals of the Soviet bureaucracy, focusing on heavy industry. *'''[[w:Flora Tristan|Flora Tristan]]''' ''(1803-1844)'' - One of the founders of modern feminism, author of several feminism works; grandmother of Paul Gauguin. *'''[[w:Fourteen Points|Fourteen Points]]''' - United States President Woodrow Wilson's outline for reconstructing Europe after World War I. *'''[[w:Francesco Sforza|Francesco Sforza]]''' ''(1401-1466)'' - Founder of the Sforza dynasty in Milan, Italy; successfully modernized the city, which became a center of Renaissance learning and culture. *'''[[w:Francis Bacon|Francis Bacon]]''' ''(1561-1626)'' - English philosopher, advocate of absolute duty to the sovereign, and defender of the Scientific Revolution. *'''[[w:Franco-Prussian War|Franco-Prussian War]]''' ''(1870-1871)'' - War fought between France and Prussia over a possible German claim to the Spanish throne. *'''[[w:French Academy of Sciences|French Academy of Sciences]]''' ''(1666)'' - Learned society founded by Louis XIV to encourage French scientific research. *'''[[w:Friedrich Engels|Friedrich Engels]]''' ''(1820-1895)'' - German Socialist philosopher who co-published The Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx. ==G== *'''[[w:Galileo Galilei|Galileo Galilei]]''' ''(1564-1642)'' - First to use the telescope in astronomy; proved Copernicus' heliocentric theory ''(Scientific Revolution)''. *'''[[w:Geoffrey Chaucer|Geoffrey Chaucer]]''' ''(1340-1400)'' - Author of ''The Canterbury Tales'', a collection of stories exposing the materialism of a variety of English people. *'''[[w:Gestapo|Gestapo]]''' - The official secret police force of Nazi Germany, Geheime Staatspolizei ''(secret state police)''. *'''[[w:Girolamo Savonarola|Girolamo Savonarola]]''' ''(1452-1498)'' - Brief ruler of Florence known for religious anti-Renaissance preaching, book burning, and destruction of art. *'''[[w:Giuseppe Garibaldi|Giuseppe Garibaldi]]''' ''(1807-1885)'' - Italy's most famous soldier of the Risorgimento and considered one of the greatest generals of modern times. *'''[[w:Giuseppe Mazzini|Giuseppe Mazzini]]''' ''(1805–1872)'' - Italian writer and politician who helped to bring about the modern, unified Italian state. *'''[[w:Glorious Revolution|Glorious Revolution]]''' ''(1688-1689)'' - The removal of Stuart king James II from the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland; replaced by ''William and Mary''; sometimes referred to as the ''Bloodless Revolution''. *'''[[w:Great Fear|Great Fear]]''' ''(1789)'' - Event at the start of the French Revolution; upon rumors that nobles planned to destroy the peasants' harvest, the peasants sacked nobles' castles and burned records of feudal obligations. *'''[[w:Great Purges|Great Purges]]''' - Campaigns of repression against social groups, often seen as a desire to consolidate the authority of Joseph Stalin. *'''[[w:Great Schism|Great Schism]]''' - Term used to refer to either the Western or Eastern Schism within the Catholic Church. *'''[[w:Gulag|Gulag]]''' - The branch of the Soviet police that operated forced labor camps and prisons. ==H== *'''[[w:Heinrich Himmler|Heinrich Himmler]]''' ''(1900-1945)'' - The commander of the German Schutzstaffel and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany; one of the key figures in the organization of the Holocaust. *'''[[w:Lord Palmerston|Henry Palmerston]]''' ''(1784-1865)'' - British Prime Minister and Liberal politician. *'''[[w:Philippe Pétain|Henri-Phillippe Petain, General]]''' ''(1856-1951)'' - A French soldier and Head of State of Vichy France. He became a French hero because of his military leadership in World War I. '''(ed: specifically...?)''' *'''[[w:Henry V|Henry V]]''' ''(1387-1422)'' - King of England ''(1413-1422)''; accepted by the English as heir to Charles VI and the French throne, thus adding conflict to the Hundred Years' War. *'''[[w:Hermann Goering|Hermann Goering]]''' ''(1893–1946)'' - A prominent and early member of the Nazi party, founder of the Gestapo, and one of the main architects of Nazi Germany. *'''[[w:Heresy|Heresy]]''' - Holding of beliefs which are contrary to those of organized religion. *'''[[w:Huguenot|Huguenot]]''' - Member of the Protestant Reformed Church of France ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:Humanism|Humanism]]''' - A secular ideology centered on human interests, stressing the value of the individual ''(Renaissance)''. *'''[[w:Humanitarianism|Humanitarianism]]''' - The belief that the sole moral obligation of humankind is the improvement of human welfare. *'''[[w:Hundred Years' War|Hundred Years' War]]''' ''(1337-1453)'' - 116-year conflict between England and France. ==I== *'''[[w:Ignatius of Loyola|Ignatius of Loyola]]''' ''(1491-1556)'' - Founder of the Society of Jesus, to strengthen the Church against Protestantism ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:Il duce|Il duce]]''' ''(The Leader)'' - Name adopted by Italian prime minister Benito Mussolini in 1923 to position himself as the nation's supreme leader. *'''[[w:Impressionism|Impressionism]]''' - Art movement focused on creating an immediate visual impression, using primary colors and small strokes to simulate reflected light. ''(19th century)'' *'''[[w:Imperialism|Imperialism]]''' - The policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political hegemony over other nations. *'''[[w:Individualism|Individualism]]''' - Emphasis of the individual as opposed to a group; humanism ''(Renaissance)''. *'''[[w:Innocent III|Innocent III]]''' - Pope who organized the Fifth Crusade (1217); began the Papacy's interference in European affairs. *'''[[w:Easter Rising|Irish Easter Rebellion]]''' ''(Easter Monday, 1916)'' - An unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in Ireland. *'''[[w:Iron Curtain|Iron Curtain]]''' - Boundary which separated Western and Eastern Europe during the Cold War. *'''[[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]]''' ''(1643-1727)'' - English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher; credited for universal gravitation, laws of motion, and calculus ''(Scientific Revolution)''. ==J== *'''[[w:James Hargreaves|James Hargreaves]]''' ''(1720-1778)'' - English inventor of the spinning jenny in 1764. *'''[[w:James Watt|James Watt]]''' ''(1736-1819)'' - Scottish engineer who improved the steam engine, a catalyst of the Industrial Revolution. *'''[[w:Jan Hus|Jan Hus]]''' ''(1369-1415)'' - Founder of the Hussites, with reform goals similar to those of John Wyclif; author of ''On the Church'', criticizing the Church; was burned at the stake. *'''[[w:Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Jean-Jacques Rousseau]]''' ''(1712-1778)'' - Swiss-French philosopher and political theorist; "noble savage" idea that man is good by nature but corrupted by society. *'''[[w:Jesuits|Jesuits]]''' - ''see Society of Jesus'' *'''[[w:Joan of Arc|Joan of Arc]]''' ''(1412-1431)'' - Peasant girl who defended an English siege on Orléans during the Hundred Years' War; was captured and burned as a heretic. *'''[[w:Johann Tetzel|Johann Tetzel]]''' ''(1465-1519)'' - Dominican priest known for selling indulgences ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:John Calvin|John Calvin]]''' ''(1509-1564)'' - Founder of Calvinism in Geneva, Switzerland ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:John Kay|John Kay]]''' ''(1704-1780)'' - British inventor of the flying shuttle for weaving, a catalyst of the Industrial Revolution. *'''[[w:John Knox|John Knox]]''' ''(1505-1572)'' - A Protestant reformer who founded Presbyterianism in Scotland ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:John Locke|John Locke]]''' ''(1632-1704)'' - An English philosopher of the Enlightenment who wrote about "government with the consent of the governed" and man's natural rights; provided justification for the ''Glorious Revolution''. *'''[[w:John Wyclif|John Wyclif]]''' ''(1328-1384)'' - Initiator of the first English translation of the Bible, an important step toward the Protestant Reformation. *'''[[w:Joseph Joffre|Joseph Joffre, General]]''' ''(1852-1931)'' - Catalan French general; helped counter the Schlieffen Plan through retreat and counterattack at the First Battle of the Marne. ==K== *'''[[w:Karl Marx|Karl Marx]]''' ''(1818-1883)'' - An influential German political theorist, whose writing on class conflict formed the basis of the communist and socialist movements. *'''[[w:Khruschev|Khruschev]]''' - See ''Nikita Khrushchev'' *'''[[w:Kristallnacht|Kristallnacht]]''' ''(1938)'' - A massive nationwide pogrom in Germany, directed at Jewish citizens throughout the country. *'''[[w:Kulturkampf|Kulturkampf]]''' ''(Cultural Fight)'' - Attempt by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck to reduce Catholic influence in the early years of the 1871 German Empire. ==L== *'''[[w:Laissez-Faire|Laissez-Faire]]''' - Libertarian philosophy of pure capitalism, without regulation of trade ''(Enlightenment)''. *'''[[w:Law of Maximum Général|Law of Maximum Général]]''' - A comprehensive program of wage and price controls in Revolutionary France. *'''[[w:Lay|Lay]]''' - in Catholicism, all non-clergy persons. *'''[[w:Lay investiture|Lay investiture]]''' - The induction of clerics by a king (a layman). *'''[[w:Vladimir Lenin|Lenin, Vladimir]]''' ''(1870-1924)'' - The leader of the Bolshevik party and the first Premier of the Soviet Union; enacted the New Economic Policy. *'''[[w:Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo da Vinci]]''' ''(1452-1519)'' - Italian Renaissance architect, inventor, engineer, sculptor, and painter; most known for ''The Last Supper'' and ''Mona Lisa''; the archetype of the "Renaissance man." *'''[[w:Leopold III|Leopold III]]''' ''(1835–1909)'' - King of Belgium; founder of the Congo Free State, a private project to extract rubber and ivory. *'''[[w:Levée en masse|Levée en masse]]''' - French term for mass conscription, used to mobilize armies during the French Revolutionary Wars. *'''[[w:Lord|Lord]]''' - The owner of land who grants a fief to a vassal ''(feudal system)''. *'''[[w:Lorenzo de' Medici|Lorenzo de' Medici]]''' ''(1449-1492)'' - Ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Renaissance; Christian supporter of Platonism and humanism. *'''[[w:Louis Napoleon Bonaparte|Louis Napoleon Bonaparte]]''' ''(1808-1873)'' - The nephew of the Emperor Napoleon I of France; member of the Carbonari in his youth; elected President of the Second Republic of France in 1848; reigned as Emperor Napoleon III of the Second French Empire from 1852 to 1870. ==M== *'''[[w:Machiavellian|Machiavellian]]''' - Having the qualities seen by Niccolò Machiavelli as ideal for a ruler; using ruthless authoritarian tactics to maintain power. *'''[[w:Manchurian Incident|Manchurian Incident]]''' ''(1931)'' - Japan's military accused Chinese dissidents of blowing up a section of a Japanese railroad in Manchuria, thus providing an excuse for the Japanese annexation of Manchuria. *'''[[w:Mannerism|Mannerism]]''' - Art after the High Renaissance in reaction to it, using exaggeration or distortion instead of balance and proportion. *'''[[w:Manor|Manor]]''' - The local jurisdiction of a lord over which he has legal and economic power ''(feudalism)''. *'''[[w:Marquis de Condorcet|Marquis de Condorcet]]''' ''(1743-1794)'' - French philosopher and mathematician, inventor of the Condorcet method, a voting system. *'''[[w:Marshall Plan|Marshall Plan]]''' - The primary plan of the United States for rebuilding the allied countries of Europe and repelling communism after World War II. *'''[[w:Martin Luther|Martin Luther]]''' ''(1483-1546)'' - German theologian and Augustinian monk who began Lutheranism and initiated the Protestant Reformation. *'''[[w:Meiji Restoration|Meiji Restoration]]''' ''(1866-1869)'' - Revolution in Japan; replaced the Tokugawa shogunate with imperial rule, and modernized the feudal country; provoked by the opening of Japan's ports to the West. *'''[[w:Mein Kampf|Mein Kampf]]''' ''(My Struggle)'' - A book written by Adolf Hitler, combining elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitler's political ideology of nazism. *'''[[w:Mensheviks|Mensheviks]]''' - A faction of the Russian revolutionary movement formed 1903 by followers of Julius Martov, who believed in a large party of activists. *'''[[w:Mercantilism|Mercantilism]]''' - The economic theory that a country's economic prosperity depends on its supply of gold and silver, and that a country should export more than it imports. *'''[[w:Metternich|Metternich]]''' ''(1773-1858)'' - Austrian foreign minister during and after the Era of Napoleon. *'''[[w:Michaelangelo|Michaelangelo]]''' ''(1475-1564)'' - Renaissance painter, sculptor, poet and architect; most known for the fresco ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. *'''[[w:Obshchina|Mir]]''' - In Russian, "peace," Connotes "community." '''(ed: relate this to the subject????)''' *'''[[w:Monasticism|Monasticism]]''' - Complete devotion to spiritual work. *'''[[w:Munich Agreement|Munich Agreement]]''' ''(1938)'' - An agreement regarding the Munich Crisis; discussed the future of Czechoslovakia and ended up surrendering much of that state to Nazi Germany, standing as a major example of appeasement. ==N== *'''[[w:Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoléon Bonaparte]]''' ''(1769-1821)'' - General and politician of France who ruled as First Consul (1779–1804) and then as Emperor (1804–1814). *'''[[w:Napoleonic code|Napoleonic code]]''' - French code of civil law, established by Napoléon on March 21, 1804, to reform the French legal system in accordance with the principles of the French Revolution. *'''[[w:National Socialist German Workers' Party|National Socialist German Workers' Party]]''' - The Nazi party which was led to power in Germany by Adolf Hitler in 1933. *'''[[w:Nationalism|Nationalism]]''' - Ideology which sustains the nation as a concept of common identity among groups of people. *'''[[w:NATO|NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)]]''' ''(1769-1821)'' - An international organization for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. *'''[[w:Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact|Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact]]''' ''(1939)'' - A non-aggression treaty between foreign ministers Ribbentrop of Germany (Third Reich) and Molotov of Russia (Soviet Union). *'''[[w:Neo-platonism|Neo-platonism]]''' - Philosophy based on the teachings of Plato, which resurfaced during the Renaissance. *'''[[w:Neville Chamberlain|Neville Chamberlain]]''' ''(1869-1940)'' - British Prime Minister who maintained a policy of appeasement toward Nazi Germany. *'''[[w:New Economic Policy|New Economic Policy]]''' ''(NEP)'' ''(1921)'' - Lenin's system of economic reforms which restored private ownership to some parts of the economy. *'''[[w:New Model Army|New Model Army]]''' - An army of professional soldiers led by trained generals; formed by Roundheads upon passage of the Self-denying Ordinance in 1645; became famous for their Puritan religious zeal ''(English Civil War)''. *'''[[w:New Monarchs|New Monarchies]]''' - The states whose rulers in the 15th century began authoritarian rule using Machiavellian tactics ''(Northern Renaissance)''. *'''[[w:Niccolò Machiavelli|Niccolò Machiavelli]]''' ''(1469-1527)'' - Florentine political philosopher; author of ''The Prince'' ''(Renaissance)''. *'''[[w:Nicolaus Copernicus|Nicolaus Copernicus]]''' ''(1473-1543)'' - Astronomer and mathematician who developed the heliocentric theory of the solar system ''(Scientific Revolution)''. *'''[[w:Nietzsche's Superman|Nietzsche's Superman]]''' ''(Übermensch)'' - Concept that the strong and gifted should dominate over the weak. *'''[[w:Night of the Long Knives|Night of the Long Knives]]''' ''(1934)'' - A purge ordered by Adolf Hitler of potential political rivals in the Sturmabteilung. *'''[[w:Nihilism|Nihilism]]''' - Philosophy viewing the world and human existence as without meaning or purpose. *'''[[w:Nikita Khrushchev|Nikita Khrushchev]]''' - Leader of the Soviet Union after Stalin's death, from 1953 until 1964. *'''[[w:NKVD|NKVD]]''' - An agency best known for its function as secret police of the Soviet Union; also handled other matters such as transport, fire guards, border troops, etc. *'''[[w:No man's land|No man's land]]''' ''(World War I)'' - In trench warfare, land between two opposing trenches which provides no cover. ==O== *'''[[w:October Revolution|October Revolution]]''' ''(1917)'' - The second stage of the Russian Revolution of 1917, led by Leon Trotsky; the first officially communist revolution, also known as the ''Bolshevik Revolution''. *'''[[w:Ancien Régime|Old Regime]]''' - see ''Ancien Régime''. *'''[[w:Oliver Cromwell|Oliver Cromwell]]''' ''(1599-1658)'' - Military leader and politician who led an overthrow of the British monarchy in the English Civil War; established the Commonwealth of England over which he ruled as Lord Protector. *'''[[w:Open-Door Policy|Open-Door Policy]]''' - Maintenance of equal commercial and industrial rights for all nations in China after the Opium War. *'''[[w:Opium War|Opium War]]''' ''(1834-1860)'' - Two wars between Britain and China over a Chinese attempt to eliminate the opium trade and reduce foreign influence within its borders. *'''[[w:Otto von Bismarck|Otto von Bismarck]]''' ''(1815-1898)'' - Prime Minister of Prussia who unified Germany and became the Chancellor of the German Empire. ==P== *'''[[w:Pablo Picasso|Pablo Picasso]]''' ''(1881-1973)'' - Founder, along with Georges Braque, of Cubism. *'''[[w:Pagan|Pagan]]''' - Of or relating to classical, non-Christian religions. *'''[[w:Paris Commune|Paris Commune]]''' ''(1871)'' - Socialist government briefly ruling Paris, formed by a civil uprising of post-Franco-Prussian War revolutionaries. *'''[[w:Parlements|Parlements]]''' - Law courts of the ancien régime in France. *'''[[w:Parliamentarians|Parliamentarians]]''' - Anything associated with a parliament; sometimes refers to ''Roundheads'' ''(English Civil War)''. *'''[[w:Paris Peace Conference|Paris Peace Conference]]''' ''(1919)'' - A six-month international conference between the Allied and Associated Powers and their former enemies; proposed Treaty of Versailles. *'''[[w:Paul von Hindenburg|Paul von Hindenburg, General]]''' ''(1847-1934)'' - German war general; Reich President of Germany (1925–1934). *'''[[w:Peace of Westphalia|Peace of Westphalia]]''' ''(1648)'' - A series of treaties ending the Thirty Years' War. *'''[[w:Peasants' War|Peasants' War]]''' ''(1524-1526)'' - A mass of economic and religious revolts in Germany ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:Peninsular War|Peninsular War]]''' ''(1808-1814)'' - A major conflict during the Napoleonic Wars, fought in the Iberian Peninsula; Spain, Portugal, and Britain vs. France. *'''[[w:Perspective|Perspective]]''' - Artistic technique used to give a painting the appearance of having three dimensions by depicting foreground objects larger than those of the background ''(Renaissance)''. *'''[[w:Philosophes|Philosophes]]''' - A group of French philosophers of the Enlightenment, including Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Voltaire. *'''[[w:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon|Pierre-Joseph Proudhon]]''' ''(1809-1865)'' - French anarchist, most famously asserting "Property is theft." *'''[[w:Politburo|Politburo]]''' ''(Political Bureau)'' - The executive organization for Communist Parties. *'''[[w:Politique|Politique]]''' - A term used in the 16th century to describe a head of state who put politics and the nation's well being before religion. *'''[[w:Popolo|Popolo]]''' - The poor, working class of Italy ''(Renaissance)''. *'''[[w:Predestination|Predestination]]''' - The religious idea that God's decisions determine destiny; particularly prevalent in Calvinism ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:Presbyterianism|Presbyterianism]]''' - A Protestant church based on the teachings of John Calvin and established in Scotland by John Knox ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:Proletariat|Proletariat]]''' - A lower social class; term used by Karl Marx to identify the working class. *'''[[w:Protectorate|Protectorate]]''' - A relationship of protection and partial control assumed by a superior power over a dependent country or region; the protected country or region. *'''[[w:Protestant Wind|Protestant Wind]]''' - Term used to refer to one of two incidents in which weather favored Protestants in battle: 1) the storm which wrecked the Spanish Armada, preventing an invasion of England (1588); 2) the favorable winds that enabled William III to land in England and depose the Catholic King James II (1688). ==Q== *'''[[w:Queen Victoria|Queen Victoria]]''' ''(1819–1901)'' - Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 1837 until her death, longer than any other British monarch. As well as being queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, she was also the first monarch to use the title Empress of India. The reign of Victoria was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire. The Victorian Era was at the height of the Industrial Revolution, a period of great social, economic, and technological change in the United Kingdom. ==R== *'''[[w:Raphael|Raphael]]''' ''(1483-1520)'' - Florentine painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance. *'''[[w:Father Grigori Rasputin|Rasputin, Father Grigori]]''' ''(1872-1916)'' - Russian mystic having great influence over the wife of Tsar Nicholas II's wife Alexandra, ultimately leading to the downfall of the Romanov dynasty and the Bolshevik Revolution. *'''[[w:Rationalism|Rationalism]]''' - The philosophical idea that truth is derived from reason and analysis, instead of from faith and religious dogma (Renaissance). *'''[[w:Realism|Realism]]''' ''(Renaissance)'' - Depiction of images which is realistic instead of idealistic. *'''[[w:Realism|Realism]]''' ''(19th century)'' - Artistic movement originating in France as a reaction to ''Romanticism''; depiction of commonplace instead of idealized themes. *'''[[w:Realpolitick|Realpolitick]]''' ''(Politics of reality)'' - A term coined by Otto von Bismarck which refers to foreign politics based on practical concerns rather than theory or ethics. *'''[[w:Reconquista|Reconquista]]''' - The Spanish "reconquering" resulting in the removal of Jews and Muslims from the state, and a unification of Spain under Catholicism. *'''[[w:Red Guards|Red Guards]]''' ''(Russia)'' - The main strike force of the Bolsheviks, created in March 1917. *'''[[w:Reichstag|Reichstag]]''' ''(Imperial Diet)'' - Between 1871 and 1945, the German parliament. *'''[[w:Rembrandt van Rijn|Rembrandt van Rijn]]''' ''(1606-1669)'' - A baroque painter and engraver of the Netherlands during the Dutch Golden Age. *'''[[w:Renaissance|Renaissance]]''' - A cultural movement started in Italy in the 14th century marked by a rebirth of classic art and scientific learning of ancient Greece and Rome. *'''[[w:René Descartes|René Descartes]]''' ''(1596-1650)'' - Mathematician (inventor of the Cartesian coordinate system) and rationalist philosopher ("I think, therefore I am"). *'''[[w:Risorgimento|Risorgimento]]''' ''(resurrection)'' - The gradual unification of Italy, culminating in the declaration of the Kingdom of Italy (1861) and the conquest of Rome (1870). *'''[[w:Rite of Spring|Rite of Spring]]''' - A ballet composed by Russian Igor Stravinsky; controversy due to its subject, pagan sacrifice. *'''[[w:Robert Owen|Robert Owen]]''' ''(1771-1858)'' - Welsh social reformer, father of the cooperative movement. *'''[[w:Robespierre|Robespierre]]''' ''(1758-1794)'' - One of the best known leaders of the French Revolutions; known as "the Incorruptible"; leader of the Committee of Public Safety. *'''[[w:Romanticism|Romanticism]]''' ''(18th century)'' - Artistic and intellectual movement, after the Enlightenment period, stressing strong emotion, imagination, freedom from classical correctness in art forms, and rebellion against social conventions. *'''[[w:Rotten borough|Rotten borough]]''' - A small British parliamentary constituency which could be 'controlled' by a patron and used to exercise undue and unrepresentative influence within parliament. *'''[[w:Roundheads|Roundheads]]''' - Puritans under Oliver Cromwell in the English Civil War; named after the round helmets they wore; also known as ''Parliamentarians''. *'''[[w:Royal Society of London|Royal Society of London]]''' ''(1660)'' - An institution of learning committed to open content, the free availability and flow of information. *'''[[w:Royalists|Royalists]]''' - An adherent of a monarch or royal family; sometimes refers to ''Cavaliers'' ''(English Civil War)''. *'''[[w:Russian Civil War|Russian Civil War]]''' ''(1918-1920)'' - Conflict between communists and monarchists, after the Russian Revolution of 1917. ==S== *'''[[w:Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre|Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre]]''' ''(1572)'' - A wave of Catholic mob violence against the Huguenots, lasting for several months. *'''[[w:Sans-culottes|Sans-culottes]]''' ''(without knee-breeches)'' - Term referring to the ill-clad and ill-equipped volunteers of the French Revolutionary army. *'''[[w:Schleswig-Holstein|Schleswig-Holstein]]''' - A region of northern Germany which Denmark surrendered to Otto von Bismarck in 1865. *'''[[w:Schutzstaffel|Schutzstaffel (SS)]]''' ''(Protective Squadron)'' - A large paramilitary organization that belonged to the Nazi party. *'''[[w:Secularism|Secularism]]''' - Concern with worldly ideas, as science and rationalism, instead of religion and superstition ''(Renaissance)''. *'''[[w:Self-denying Ordinance|Self-denying Ordinance]]''' ''(1645)'' - A Bill passed by English Parliament, depriving members of Parliament from holding command in the army or navy, to promote professionalism in the armed forces; aided creation of the New Model Army ''(English Civil War)''. *'''[[w:Sepoy mutiny|Sepoy mutiny]]''' ''(1857–1858)'' - Rebellions against British colonial rule in India; caused the end of the British East India Company's rule in India, and led to a century of direct rule of India by Britain. *'''[[w:Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]]''' ''(1856-1939)'' - Austrian neurologist credited for psychoanalysis and the theory of unconscious motives. *'''[[w:Simony|Simony]]''' - The ecclesiastical crime of paying for offices or positions in the hierarchy of a church ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:Sir Richard Arkwright|Sir Richard Arkwright]]''' ''(1732-1792)'' - English inventor of the Water Frame, a water-powered cotton mill. *'''[[w:Sir Thomas More|Sir Thomas More]]''' - Author of ''Utopia'', a novel which extols the hypothetical ideal society, by the Northern Renaissance ideals of humanism and Christianity. *'''[[w:Social Darwinism|Social Darwinism]]''' - The application of Darwinism to the study of human society, specifically a theory in sociology that individuals or groups achieve advantage over others as the result of genetic or biological superiority. *'''[[w:Society of Jesus|Society of Jesus]]''' - A Roman Catholic Order founded in 1534 by Ignatius of Loyola ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:Spanish Civil War|Spanish Civil War]]''' ''(1936–1939)'' - The result of the complex political and even cultural rift in Spain. *'''[[w:Sphere of Influence|Sphere of Influence]]''' - A territorial area over which political or economic influence is wielded by one nation. *'''[[w:Joseph Stalin|Stalin, Joseph]]''' ''(1879-1953)'' - Bolshevik revolutionary who ruled the Soviet Union after the death of Lenin; responsible for the Great Purge and five year plans. *'''[[w:States-General|States-General]]''' - ''(see Estates-General)''. *'''[[w:Subsistence|Subsistence]]''' - Production of food only in quantities needed for survival, without the creation of surpluses. *'''[[w:Sudetenland|Sudetenland]]''' - The region inhabited mostly by Sudeten Germans in various places of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia; became part of Czechoslovakia in 1945. *'''[[w:Suez Canal|Suez Canal]]''' ''(constructed 1854-1869)'' - A canal in Egypt between the Mediterranean and Red Seas, allowing access between Europe and Asia. ==T== *'''[[w:Tabula rasa|Tabula rasa]]''' (Blank slate) - John Locke's idea that humans are born with no innate ideas, and that identity is defined by events after birth. *'''[[w:Taille|Taille]]''' - A direct land tax on the French peasantry in ancien régime France. *'''[[w:T.E. Lawrence|T.E. Lawrence]]''' ''(1888-1935)'' - also known as Lawrence of Arabia; a British liaison officer during the Arab Revolt of 1916–1918. *'''[[w:Tennis Court Oath|Tennis Court Oath]]''' ''(1789)'' - A pledge by France's Third Estate to continue to meet until a constitution had been written; may be considered the birth of the French Revolution. *'''[[w:Thirty Years' War|Thirty Years' War]]''' ''(1618-1648)'' - Conflict principally taking place in the Holy Roman Empire involving a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics, fought for the self-preservation of the Hapsburg dynasty. *'''[[w:Thomas Hobbes|Thomas Hobbes]]''' ''(1588-1679)'' - English political philosopher advocating an authoritarian version of the social contract (''absolutism''). *'''[[w:Thomas Malthus|Thomas Malthus]]''' ''(1766–1834)'' - English economist who, in ''An Essay on the Principle of Population'', predicted that increasing population growth would cause a massive food shortage. *'''[[w:Thomas Newcomen|Thomas Newcomen]]''' ''(1664-1729)'' - English inventor of the Newcomen engine, a steam engine for pumping water out of mines. *'''[[w:Tory|Tory]]''' - A member of the British Conservative party. *'''[[w:Totalitarianism|Totalitarianism]]''' - A form of government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life. *'''[[w:Treaties of Tilsit|Treaties of Tilsit]]''' ''(1807)'' - Treaties ending war between Russia and France; began a powerful secret alliance between the two countries. *'''[[w:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk|Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]]''' ''(1918)'' - Peace treaty which marked Russia's exit from World War I. *'''[[w:Treaty of Versailles|Treaty of Versailles]]''' ''(1919)'' - Peace treaty created by the Paris Peace Conference; which officially ended World War I. *'''[[w:Trotsky, Leon|Trotsky, Leon]]''' ''(1879-1940)'' - Bolshevik revolutionary, early Soviet Union politician, and founding member of the Politburo; expelled from the Communist Party after a power struggle with Stalin. *'''[[w:Truman Doctrine|Truman Doctrine]]''' ''(1947)'' - Harry S. Truman's statement initiating the U.S. policy of containment toward Russia. ==U== *'''[[w:Ulrich Zwingli|Ulrich Zwingli]]''' ''(1484-1531)'' - Founder of Zwinglianism in the Zürich, Switzerland; leader of the Swiss Reformation ''(Protestant Reformation)''. *'''[[w:Usury|Usury]]''' - Charging a fee generally in the form of interest on loans; forbidden by most religious doctrines ''(Protestant Reformation)''. Usury was forbidden in the Catholic Church, so Jews became wealthy, successful merchants *'''[[w:Utopian Socialism|Utopian Socialism]]''' - The socialist ideals of creating a perfect communist society. Writers such as Charles Fourier, Henri de Saint-Simon and Robert Owen were prominent Utopian Socialists. ==V== *'''[[w:Vassal|Vassal]]''' - The tenant of land who receives a fief in exchange for knightly service ''(feudalism)''. *'''[[w:Vernacular|Vernacular]]''' - The standard, native language of a region (generally as opposed to Latin). *'''[[w:Virtu|Virtu]]''' - Humanist value of the Renaissance emphasizing a nobility of spirit and action, stressing an individual's dignity and worth; replaced the chivalrous Medieval value of humility. *'''[[w:Voltaire|Voltaire]]''' ''(1694-1778)'' - French deist philosopher, author of ''Candide'', which sarcastically attacks religious and philosophical optimism ''(Enlightenment)''. ==W== *'''[[w:War of the Three Henrys|War of the Three Henrys]]''' ''(1584-1598)'' - A series of three civil wars in France, also known as the Huguenot Wars; fought between the Catholic League and the Huguenots. *'''[[w:Wars of the Roses|Wars of the Roses]]''' ''(1455-1487)'' - Intermittent civil war fought over the throne of England between the House of Lancaster and the House of York. *'''[[w:Warsaw Pact|Warsaw Pact]]''' ''(1455-1487)'' - An organization of Central and Eastern European Communist states. It was established in 1955 to counter the threat from the NATO alliance. *'''[[w:Weimar Republic|Weimar Republic]]''' ''(1919-1933)'' - The first attempt at liberal democracy in Germany; named after the city of Weimar, where the new constitution was written. *'''[[w:Western Schism|Western Schism]]''' ''(1378)'' - Split within the Catholic Church at the end of the Avignon Papacy. *'''[[w:Whig|Whig]]''' - A member of the British Liberal Democrat party. *'''[[w:White-collar|White-collar]]''' - Class of labor performing less "laborious" tasks and are more highly paid than blue-collar manual workers. *'''[[w:White Man’s Burden|White Man’s Burden]]''' - The concept of the white race's obligation to govern and impart it beliefs upon nonwhite people; often used to justify European colonialism. *'''[[w:William and Mary|William and Mary]]''' - King William III and Queen Mary II; jointly ruled England and Scotland after the Glorious Revolution of 1688; they replaced the absolutist King James II and ruled as constitutional monarchs. *'''[[w:William Gladstone|William Gladstone]]''' ''(1809-1898)'' - A British Liberal politician and Prime Minister (1868–1874, 1880–1885, 1886 and 1892–1894), a notable political reformer, known for his populist speeches, and was for many years the main political rival of Benjamin Disraeli. ==X== * X-ray - first systematically studied by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895. ==Y== *'''[[w:Yekaterinburg|Yekaterinburg]]''' - The location at which the family of Czar Nicholas II was murdered by Bolsheviks ==Z== *'''[[w:Zimmermann Telegram|Zimmermann Telegram]]''' ''(1917)'' - Message sent by German Arthur Zimmermann, proposing that Mexico ally with Germany against the United States; hastened U.S. entry into World War I. <noinclude>{{EuropeanHistoryTOC|mini}} </noinclude> 0lckz72hb8dd22hxb0sggd29na2ewmq 0 22115 4680901 4669447 2026-11-08T07:38:02Z Jeff1138 301139 4680901 wikitext text/x-wiki Google translation into [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=de&u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=fr&u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=nl&u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=it&u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=es&u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=hi&u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Hindi], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=zh-CN&u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Chinese Simplified], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=pl&u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Polish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=ru&u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Russian], {{ArosNav}} [[#Audio Chipsets]] [[#Graphic GFX Chipsets]] [[#Rough gfx comparison]] [[#]] ==x86 Native Environment== AROS 32bit should runs on most pentium type PC hardware, ideally around 700Mhz and above with at least 256MB of memory is recommended for desktops and around 1GHz and at least 256MB for laptops/notebooks/netbooks. Aros 64bit needs a Intel Core2 Duo or AMD equivalent, but the latest versions specify a SSE4.1 and AVX as a minimum, i.e. Intel Sandybridge or AMD Ryzen For web browsing, etc above 1GB is usually needed and offers the option to run web browsers, media players and other hard disk heavy usage from RAM: disk. Motherboards supported * Most Intel mobos are supported but additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed for networking, audio, etc * AMD based socket ryzen based systems work but additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed Supported graphics cards (gfx) * Nvidia 2D and 3D 2005-2023 64bit AROS Nouveau covers '''2D''' 8xxxgs to RTX 5xxx and '''3D''' from 8xxxGS to GTX9xx or higher 32bit AROS supports '''2D''' from TNT to fermi gtx5xx and '''3D''' acceleration fx5xxx to gtx4xx * Intel HD 2D 2012-2021 64bit 2D from (HD2000 HD3000 sandybridge), (HD4000 ivybridge), (HD4400 haswell), (HD5500 broadwell), (HD620 Kabylake VP9 decode) to (11th UHD - Iris Plus) * Intel GMA 2D and 3D 2006-2009 32bit '''2D''' for many old netbooks and motherboards. '''3D''' for many early netbooks and motherboards * AMD/ATI 2D only and '''no 3D'''. 1999-2004 32bit desktop ie external monitor support only (no laptop internal support) for very early Radeon 7000 through to x600 * VESA 2D fallback modes for all graphic cards (GPUs) and with [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKCHZFYj9Kk screen dragging]. It's worth noting however that support isn't guaranteed. Nor will potential power of a card reflect its performance under AROS. Sound wise there are * HDaudio support for onboard intel and AMD netbooks, ultrabooks, notebooks and motherboards (2005 to 2020) * some AC97 codec support for very old motherboards and laptops (ie pre 2004) * PCI and some PCI-E C-Media CMI8738 for desktop plugin cards * PCI Creative Soundblaster EMU10K1 cards [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 SBLive] * PCI semi professional some early VIA Envy24 desktop sound cards * PCI Sound Blaster 128 aka SB16 Supported [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_Network_support network] which could be desktop, laptop, etc * PCI-E Realtek rtl8169 1GbE which also includes the rtl8111 and rtl8110 (2011 to 2025) * PCI Realtek rtl8139 and includes rtl8101 and rtl8100 (2005 to 2009) * PCI intel e1000 (2006 to 2009) * PCI intel pro100 (2002 to 2005) * Broadcom 44xx 10/100 integrated in laptops around 2005 * VIA 10/100 (1999 to 2002) * 3com Etherlink 10/100 * Realtek rtl8029 10mbit Wireless wifi * atheros 5000 wireless *realtek 8187 usb It is very hard to recommend a completely supported motherboard because as soon as newer motherboards arrive so their features change subtly, often introducing non supported parts like ethernet and audio. It is a moving target. * mini-itx motherboard will only get you 1 pci or pci-e slot * micro mATX or uATX will have more, typically 2 pci-e or pci slots which helps if any onboard features are not supported. * full atx will have more slots available '''N.B''' It is frustrating when a piece of hardware is not supported. Hardware documentation can run to over 100 pages and a lot of hardware do not have any public documentation anyway. Chips from different manufacturers for sound, graphics, SATA, etc. vary just as much, unless they follow a standard such as [https://github.com/acidanthera/AppleALC/wiki/Supported-codecs HDAudio codecs], AHCI etc. Coding drivers is a far cry from Hello World programs or even a port of existing software. If you do actually want to try then get a hold of documentation on the relevant hardware and start there. Alternatively you could try to find some '''BSD''', MIT or MPL licence drivers as a point of reference. Please , do not think you can just adapt strings in a driver for different strings, it does not work that way. You will '''need''' to start from scratch for each new bit of hardware. Device driver programming require '''embedded''' skills, like manipulation of bits within registers, good debugging skills, dealing with interrupts, lots of patience, etc. The following specific chipsets and drivers are also available - use Tools/PCITool to confirm Vendor and Product IDs - Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, to this General Chat list on [https://arosworld.org/ AROS World] : Brief Timeline : 2000-12-06 HIDD first mouse.hidd completed ([http://msaros.blogspot.com/ Michal Schulz]) : 2001-03-31 BOOT first boot from floppy disk with IDE device : 2001-10-30 BOOT first cd bootable version : 2002-01-27 HIDD first pci.hidd added (Michal Schulz) : 2002-04-13 BOOT software HDToolBox added () : 2003-04-03 HIDD vesa2.hidd graphic modes added () : 2004-03-08 HIDD new pci and ata (pata) devices worked on (Michal Schulz) : 2004-03-17 HIDD nVidia 2D driver appears (Michal Schulz) : 2005-01-05 AHI AHI v6 audio system ported (Martin Blom) : 2005-01-06 AHI SBLive SoundBlaster Live driver ported (Georg Steger) : 2005-02-04 AHI AC97 playback only driver added (Michal Schulz) : 2005-06-27 NIC amiTCP stack ported with 3com, NE2000, prism2 drivers (Neil Cafferkey) : 2005-08-25 NIC nForce2 support added (Michal Schulz) : 2005-12-24 NIC Intel Pro100 network driver added (Neil Cafferkey) : 2006-03-25 HIDD ATI radeon 2D driver added (Michal Schulz) : 2007-03-06 HIDD vesa 1.0 video driver added (Pavel Fedin) : 2007-03-08 HIDD dospackets and FAT filesystem (Rob Norris) : 2007-03-21 HIDD usb initial commit (Michal Schulz) : 2007-10-01 BOOT Installer added (Neil Cafferkey) : 2007-11-29 PORT 64bit x86 added (Michal Schulz) : 2008-04-12 BOOT GRUB2 added (Alain Greppin and Nick Andrews) : 2008-08-26 NIC RTL8139 added ([http://kalamatee.blogspot.com/ Nick Andrews]) : 2008-10-22 PORT to SAM440ep (ppc) (Michal Schulz) : 2009-02-25 PORT to efika (ppc) (Michal Schulz) : 2009-05-18 HIDD poseidon usb2.0 stack ported to AROS (Chris Hodges) : 2009-11-18 NIC RTL8169 network driver arrived (Nick Andrews and [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/oldnews.html Franck Charlet]) : 2009-12-23 AHI HDAudio based Atom CPU and netbook audio driver arrived (Davy Wentzler) : 2010-03-09 BOOT USB pendrive stick booting available (Neil Cafferkey) : 2010-05-26 HIDD Intel GMA900 2D graphics card support (Michal Schulz) : 2010-09-03 NIC Wireless PCI based NIC arrived (Neil Cafferkey) : 2011-04-30 HIDD Nvidia 2D and 3D nouveau graphics card support for Aros 32bit (Deadwood) : 2011-08-30 HIDD Radeon 2D enhanced AMD driver arrives (Bearsoft) : 2011-09-17 NIC Wireless USB realtek arrives (Neil Cafferkey) : 2011-12-09 HIDD Intel 945G 3D Gallium graphics support (Sami) : 2013-02-25 AHI AC97 VIA 686 audio support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) : 2013-03-31 PORT early Raspberry PI native support (Nik Andrews) : 2014-01-16 AHI Envy24 audio chipset support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) : 2017-02-17 PORT Symmetric MultiProcessing smp added for x86 64bit (Michal Schulz) : 2018-10-20 PORT Big Endian ARM : 2021-11-26 NIC Broadcom 44xx ethernet (Neil Cafferkey) : 2023-01-12 NIC Nvidia MCP61 ethernet (Neil Cafferkey) : 2025-11-23 HIDD xHCI USB3 and isoc (Nik Andrews) : 2026-07-25 HIDD [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FKTL068ULM&pp=ygUPYXJvcyBhbWlnYSAyMDI2 Nouveau nvidia for Aros 64bit] (Deadwood) [[#top|...to the top]] ===Audio Chipsets=== '''If sound beeps in AHI prefs after Music set then some support is there. Select more than one channel for multiple audio streams, set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher and set the volume if not already set. Ensure you set the music unit 0 to 3 which allows the extra features of the audio card like microphone, line-out, etc).''' ====1996-2000 sb128.audio aka SB16 PCI==== *2021 5.27 as per CREATIVE's website, the model number is the first two digits on the front and first two digits on the back. my card says CT4810 and 161TK110B 995; this translates to CT4816 as the model. The original AudioPCI 3000 card with the ES1370 had a master clock crystal for 44.1 kHz (22.5792 MHz), used an AKM codec (AK4531, non-AC97) and had 4 channel output; Creative later modified the design with a crystal for 48 kHz (24.576 MHz) and Sigmatel AC97 codec (a CT4700 SB128 with a CT5507 chip, AK4531, 22.5792 MHz crystal and TDA7360 speaker power amp). The issue with these cards involved never quite eliminate the effects of resampling on the 64V, it also shows signs of undersized coupling caps. These Ensoniq cards automatically engaged headphone amplifier (with a 4565 opamp). Porting involved [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b60abd12967144a844980c422ea9e99c056eabca 40897], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b7d6511fca6430a63fbaaa390b4f51bf0203a460 40898 configure], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/f51034cd22759a4ec3a2547bddb3a7169d956eaa 40900 bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/4f43fc38e3489ea45d12b7b5ba6fff50b69c5746 40901 further bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d23c78aec75f049484b6916d27b6804ce858bb2c 40913 memory IO fixes], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d256860fe3035016952e88d143c6f2611997f2f3 40914 irq fix]. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Playback ! width="10%" |Recording ! width="35%" |Comments |- | Ensoniq AudioPCI 1000 | 0x1274 | 0x5000 | | {{unk}} | {{unk}} | untested - es1370 (u?) AK4531 (u?) |- | Ensoniq AudioPCI | 0x1274 | 0x5000 | 0x00 | {{yes}} | {{maybe}} | |- | CT4700 Sound Blaster PCI 64 (audioPCI 3000) | 0x1274 | 0x5000 | 0x7c | {{yes}} | {{maybe}} | works - opamp JRC4565(u?) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensoniq_ES1370 es1370] (u?) |- | CT4750 Sound Blaster 64/PCI | | | | {{unk}} | {{unk}} | untested - 4565-1056W (u1) stac9708t(u2) [http://arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=916891 ct5880-dcq] (u3) 24wc012 (u4) |- | CT4751 (SB128PCI) | 0x1274 | 0x8001 | | {{unk}} | {{unk}} | untested - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Blaster#Ensoniq_AudioPCI-based_cards es1371] (u?) |- | CT4810 Creative AudioPCI64V | 0x1274 | 0x1371 | 0x06 | {{yes}} | {{maybe}} | works |- | CT4811 (SB Vibra 128) | | | | {{unk}} | {{unk}} | untested |- | CT4812 (Vibra 128) | | | | {{unk}} | {{unk}} | untested |- | CT4813 | | | | {{unk}} | {{unk}} | untested |- | CT4815 | | | | {{unk}} | {{unk}} | untested |- | CT4816 es1373 (vibra 128) | | | | {{unk}} | {{unk}} | untested but this card has creative's ES1373 as the main chip(U1). it is also different from the other CT4810 (vibra128) in that it does not have a second chip in U2 position. Also there is only one jumper JP1 (2X3). |- | CT5801 HP | | | | {{unk}} | {{unk}} | untested - es1373 (u3) |- | CT5803 Gateway | 0x1274 | 0x1371 | 0x08 | {{yes}} | {{maybe}} | works 4565-0005b jrc (u1) 4297a-jq ztae0c0002 (u2) es1373 (u3) |- | CT4740 | 0x1274 | 0x1371 | 0x08 | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | |- | CT5805 Compaq OEM Premier Sound Presario 7 | | | | {{unk}} | {{unk}} | untested - es1373 (u3) |- | CT5806 (Sound Blaster AudioPCI 128D) | | | | {{unk}} | {{unk}} | untested - 4297A-JO EP (u?) ZTAPWC9933 (u2) es1373 (u3) |- | CT5807 Dell OEM Dimension 8100 | | | | {{unk}} | {{unk}} | untested - es1373 (u?) |- | CT5808 | | | | {{unk}} | {{unk}} | untested |- | CT4730 Sound Blaster AudioPCI 64V Ectiva EV1938 | 0x1102 | 0x8938 | | {{unk}} | {{unk}} | untested |- | CT5880 on various motherboards | 0x1274 | 0x5880 | | {{unk}} | {{unk}} | untested [http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/mainboards/display/ga-6rx.html Gigabyte GA-6RX] (VIA ApolloPro 266 2001], Gigabyte GA-6VM7-4E mobo, [http://active-hardware.com/english/reviews/mainboard/ga-7vtx.htm Gigabyte GA-7VTX] (KT266 2001), Gigabyte [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vtxh.html GA-7VTXH] (KT266A 2001), [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vrxp.html Gigabyte 7VRXP] mobo (KT333 2002), MSI MS-6309, MS-6318, MS-6337 (815E Pro), MS-6339 (850Pro) and MS-6340, PCChips Motherboard M571 TXPRO, Soltek SL-65ME+, |- | VMware Virtual Workstation(TM) | 0x1274 | 0x1371 | 0x02 | {{Yes|but not Hi-Fi modes}} | {{maybe}} | works |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} <pre> Revision 0x04 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_A Revision 0x06 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_B Revision 0x07 = ES1371 REV_CT5880_A Revision 0x02 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_C Revision 0x03 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_D Revision 0x04 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_E Revision 0x09 = ES1371 REV_ES1371_B Revision 0x00 = EV1938 REV_EV1938_A Revision 0x08 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_8 </pre> ====1999-2001 via-ac97.audio==== *2021 5.10 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Playback ! width="10%" |Recording ! width="35%" |Comments |- | <!--Description-->694X with 686A KT133 PM133 or 693A with VT8231 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1106 | <!--Product ID-->0x3058 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Yes| }} redirects earphones correctly | <!--Recording-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Comments-->audio controller works but depends on the underlying invisible codec used see AC97 section |- | <!--Description-->686B KT133A with VT8231 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1106 | <!--Product ID-->0x3058 | <!--Revision-->0x50 | <!--Playback-->{{Yes|}} reroutes ear pieces right | <!--Recording-->{{Yes|}} | <!--Comments-->audio controller works but depends on the underlying codec used see AC97 section below |- | <!--Description-->686C | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1106 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->KM266 or KT266 with VT8233, KT266A with VT8233A, VT8233C | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1106 | <!--Product ID-->0x3059 | <!--Revision-->0x10 | <!--Playback-->{{No| }} | <!--Recording-->{{No| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->KM333 KT333 with VT8235 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1106 | <!--Product ID-->0x3059 | <!--Revision-->0x30 | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->KM400 KT400 with VT8237, KT600 with VT8237R, | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1106 | <!--Product ID-->0x3059 | <!--Revision-->0x40 0x50 0x60 | <!--Playback-->{{No| }} | <!--Recording-->{{No| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | <!--Comments--> |- |} ====1998-2003 emu10kx.audio - Creative Labs SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy==== *2021 6.5 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Playback ! width="10%" |Recording ! width="35%" |Comments |- | PCI512 CT4790 (emu10k1) | 0x1102 | 0x0002 | 0x0 | <!--Playback--> {{unk}} | <!--Recording--> {{unk}} | untested (1st Gen) |- | Live CT4620 | 0x1102 | 0x0002 | 0x0 | <!--Playback--> {{unk}} | <!--Recording--> {{unk}} | untested |- | Live CT4760 | 0x1102 | 0x0002 | 0x07 | <!--Playback--> {{yes}} | <!--Recording--> {{unk}} | playback works |- | Live Value CT4670 | 0x1102 | 0x0002 | 0x0 | <!--Playback--> {{yes}} | <!--Recording--> {{unk}} | works plays stereo (2nd Gen) |- | Live Value DELL CT4780 | 0x1102 | 0x0002 | 0x06 | <!--Playback--> {{yes}} | <!--Recording--> {{unk}} | plays/records stereo - untested 4.1mode |- | Live Value Compaq CT4830 | 0x1102 | 0x0002 | 0x0 | <!--Playback--> {{Maybe}} | <!--Recording--> {{unk}} | not working |- | Live Value CT4831 | 0x1102 | 0x0002 | 0x00 | <!--Playback--> {{unk}} | <!--Recording--> {{unk}} | untested |- | Live Value CT4832 | 0x1102 | 0x0002 | 0x07 | <!--Playback--> {{yes}} | <!--Recording--> {{partial|Line-In only}} | works |- | Live Value CT4832 | 0x1102 | 0x0002 | 0x08 | <!--Playback--> {{yes}} | <!--Recording--> {{maybe}} | works |- | Live Value HP CT4870 | 0x1102 | 0x0002 | | <!--Playback--> {{yes}} | <!--Recording--> {{maybe}} | Works |- | Live Value Gateway CT4871 | 0x1102 | 0x0002 | | <!--Playback--> {{unk}} | <!--Recording--> {{unk}} | untested |- | Live! Platinum 5.1 SB0060 | 0x1102 | 0x0002 | 0x00 | <!--Playback--> {{yes}} | <!--Recording--> {{yes}} | plays audio/records, untested 5.1 (3rd Gen) |- | Live 5.1 SB0100 -SFF | 0x1102 | 0x0002 | 0x00 | <!--Playback--> {{yes}} | <!--Recording--> {{maybe}} | works |- | Live 5.1 Player SB0220 | 0x1102 | 0x0002 | 0x0a | <!--Playback--> {{yes}} | <!--Recording--> {{yes}} | plays audio/records stereo, untested 5.1 |- | Live 5.1 Digital SB0228 | 0x1102 | 0x0002 | 0x0a | <!--Playback--> {{yes}} | <!--Recording--> {{yes}} | working |- | Audigy SB0090 (emu10k2) | 0x1102 | 0x0004 | | <!--Playback--> {{unk}} | <!--Recording--> {{unk}} | untested |- | <!--Description-->Audigy SB0230 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1102 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision-->0x03 | <!--Playback-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Recording-->{{Yes|Mic only}} | <!--Comments-->5th Dec 2012 - untested optical tos link. contains also IEEE1394/Firewire (untested) |- | Audigy 2 Platinum 6.1 SB0240 SB0250 EMU10K2.5 | 0x1102 | 0x0004 | 0x04 | <!--Playback--> {{yes}} | <!--Recording--> {{maybe}} | works |- | Audigy 2 PRO SB0280 EMU10K2.5 | 0x1102 | 0x0004 | | <!--Playback--> {{unk}} | <!--Recording--> {{unk}} | untested |- | Audigy 2 ZS SB0350 | 0x1102 | 0x0004 | 0x04 | <!--Playback--> {{yes}} | <!--Recording--> {{yes}} | |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Recording | Comments |- | Live 5.1 DELL SB0200 SB0203 emu10kx | 0x1102 | 0x0006 | 0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{no}} | <!--Recording-->{{no}} | |- | Live 24bit SB0410 | 0x1102 | 0x0007 | 0x | <!--Playback-->{{no}} | <!--Recording-->{{no}} | no driver |- | Live 24bit DELL SB0413 | 0x1102 | 0x0007 | 0x | <!--Playback-->{{no}} | <!--Recording-->{{no}} | no driver |- | Audigy LS SB0310 | 0x1102 | 0x0007 | 0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{no}} | <!--Recording-->{{no}} | no driver |- | Audigy SE 7.1 SB0570 | 0x1102 | 0x0007 | | <!--Playback-->{{no}} | <!--Recording-->{{no}} | no driver |- | Audigy 2 ZS SB0320 SB0360 (PRO) | 0x1102 | 0x0008 | | <!--Playback-->{{no}} | <!--Recording-->{{no}} | no driver |- | Audigy 2 VALUE SB0400 | 0x1102 | 0x0008 | | <!--Playback-->{{no}} | <!--Recording-->{{no}} | no driver |- | Audigy 4 VALUE SB0610 | 0x1102 | 0x0008 | | <!--Playback-->{{no}} | <!--Recording-->{{no}} | no driver |- | Audigy 4 PRO SB0380 | 0x1102 | 0x0008 | | <!--Playback-->{{no}} | <!--Recording-->{{no}} | no driver |- | EMU E-MU 0404 PCI (not USB) EM8852 | 0x1102 | 0x000 | 0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{no}} | <!--Recording-->{{no}} | no driver but linux support needs firmware |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required If your card is wired for the "AC97" standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) ====2000-2010 cmi8738.audio - C-Media==== *2021 5.20 ;Read [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 more] and imported on [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/aff741d60160c6a9d7d39c9e004a25ea3aa13847 20th July 2011] and [http://alsa.opensrc.org/Cmipci alsa docs]. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Playback ! width="10%" |Recording ! width="35%" |Comments |- | Audiotrak MAYA EX5 | | | | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | cmi8738-sx 4ch | 0x13f6 | 0x0111 | 0x10 | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | e3dx hsp56 CMedia 8738-sx 4ch | | | | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | EDio SC3000D 6ch | | | | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | Genius SoundMaker Value PCI C3DX | | | | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | Guillemot Maxi Sound Muse | | | | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | Hercules Gamesurround Muse LT | 0x13f6 | 0x0111 | 0x10 | <!--Playback--> {{yes}} | <!--Recording--> {{no}} | |- | Hercules Gamesurround Muse XL LT 5.1 | | | | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | Inno audio extreme 5.1 cmi8738/lx pci 6ch | 0x13f6 | 0x0111 | 0x | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | M-Audio (Midiman) DiO 2448 | | | | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | Sabrent SBT-SP6C 6ch | | | | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | StarTech PCISOUND4CH 8738sx 4ch | | | | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | Sweex SC012 CMI8738-lx 4ch | | | | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | Terratec 5.1 PCI | 0x13f6 | 0x0111 | 0x10 | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | Terratec Aureon Fun 5.1 | | | | <!--Playback--> {{yes}} | <!--Recording--> {{unk}} | Has SPDIF |- | Trust Sound Expert Digital Surround 5.1 (cm8738-mx 6ch) | | | | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | Turtle Beach Riviera CMI8738-MX 6ch | | | | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | XSonic CMI 8738 6ch | | | | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Recording | Comments |- | <!--Description-->CMI8738 6ch PCI-E PCI Express version | <!--Vendor ID-->0x13f6 | <!--Product ID-->0x0111 | <!--Revision-->0x10 | <!--Playback-->{{Yes|}} | <!--Recording-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Comments-->Chinese based card with playback tested so far |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} ====2001-2005 ac97.audio==== *6.4 27-12-2008 The AC97 chips were designed to be pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly without motherboard redesigns the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required If your card is wired for the "AC97" standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out, the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Playback ! width="10%" |Recording ! width="35%" |Comments |- | <!--Description-->Avance Logic (now Realtek) ALC100 and ALC101 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->ALC200 and ALC201 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->ALC201A and ALC202 and ALC202A codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->ALC650 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Yes}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->most Nforce2 boards plays audio only - Abit NF7, Asus A7N8X, MSI K7N2, Epox 8RDA+, DFI |- | <!--Description-->ALC850 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{No}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->no support for via P4P800 chipset on ASUS A8V-E SE Deluxe mobo - ICaros 1.3 |- | <!--Description-->Realtek ALC653 codec and ALC655 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested Acorp 7NFU400 |- | <!--Description-->Realtek ALC658 codec ALC658D | <!--Vendor ID-->0x8080 | <!--Product ID-->0x24c5 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{Yes|Prefs Music and Units 0-3 set volume control - playback}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->MSI Motherboard on NB 22-09-2012 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Recording | Comments |- | <!--Description-->AD1881 SoundMAX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments-->Analog Devices first AC97 |- | <!--Description-->AD1881A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback-->{{Yes}} | <!--Recording-->{{Yes}} | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments-->works with VIA Controller - untested Intel etc |- | <!--Description-->AD1881B | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->AD1885 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Maybe}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->Playback only with issues on D845HV but not working on MS-6367 because Units 0-3 have masked volume control |- | <!--Description-->AD1886 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->AD1887 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ADI AD1888 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments--> Icaros 1.51 |- | <!--Description-->AD1980 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->AD1981A codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested IBM X30 |- | <!--Description-->Analog Devices SoundMax(TM) AD1981B codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Yes}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->plays back only on IBM T41 Thinkpad |- | <!--Description-->AD1985 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Maybe}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->not working ahi prefs freezes on D865GLC mobo ([http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/multimedia/display/int-sound2_3.html ] |- | <!--Description-->AD1986 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Maybe}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/Boards/Motherboards/Fujitsu/D1931/D1931.htm D1931] but works (Acer Aspire 3610 laptop) |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Recording | Comments |- | <!--Description-->Crystal Semiconductors CS4205, CS4202 codecs | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Cirrus Logic CrystalWare 4236 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Cirrus Logic CrystalClear SoundFusion CS4297 CS4299 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested IBM T23 |- | <!--Description-->conexant Cx20468-31 codec (id 30) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x103c | <!--Product ID-->0x3085 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{No|AC97 appears in AHI Prefs}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->Tested AspireOS 1.8 on Gateway W322 |- | <!--Description-->ESS Technology ES1921 AC'97 2.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->CMI 6501 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested on ASROCK SKT-AM2 AM2NF3-VSTA |- | <!--Description-->codec CMI9738 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->codec CMI9739 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->C-Media CMI 9739A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments--> untested on EPoX 8RDA3+ |- | <!--Description-->CMedia CMI 9761A codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested ASRocK K7NF2-RAID |- | <!--Description-->C-Media CMI9880 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->National Semi conductor (now TI) LM4540, LM4543, LM4545, LM4546, LM4548, LM4549, LM4550 LM4560 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->STAC9708T codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->SigmaTel (now IDT) C-Major STAC 9460 (D/A only), 9461, 9462, 9463, 9200, 9202, 9250, 9251, 9220, 9221, 9223, 9750 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->AKM (Asahi Kasei Microsystems) AK 4540, 4543, 4544A, 4545 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->codec VT1616 (VIA Six-TRAC Vinyl Audio) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{No}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->VIA VT1612, VT82C686 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ESStech ESS ES1968 maestro-2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x125d | <!--Product ID-->0x1968 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Playback-->{{No| }} | <!--Recording-->{{No| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ESStech ESS ES1978 maestro2e | <!--Vendor ID-->0x125d | <!--Product ID-->0x1978 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Playback-->{{No| }} | <!--Recording-->{{No| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ESStech ESS ES1988 maestro3 allegro-1 codec | <!--Vendor ID-->0x125d | <!--Product ID-->0x1988 | <!--Revision-->0x12 | <!--Playback-->{{No| }} | <!--Recording-->{{No| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha AC97 ymf-743 YMF752 YMF753 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested ymf-753 |- | <!--Description-->YMF724 YMF744 YMF-754 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | SIS 7018 / Trident 4dwave DX/NX / ALi 5451 | 0x1039 (0x1023 Trident) | 0x7018 (0x2000 Trident DX) (0x2001 Trident NX) | 0x02 | <!--Playback-->{{No}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | no support - introduced early 2000s |- | SIS 7012 | 0x1039 | 0x7012 | | <!--Playback-->{{Yes}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | working through 1 speaker only took over from SIS7018 (2002 onwards) |- | <!--Description-->Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM9701, WM9701A (AC'97 1.03 spec), WM9703, WM9704 (AC'97 2.1), WM9705, WM9706, WM9707, WM9708 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->WM9709, WM9710, WM9711, WM9712, WM971 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments-->first Microsoft(TM) Xbox DAC sound chip (AC Link compliant D/A converter) |- | <!--Description-->Wolfson WM9717 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Recording | Comments |- | Parallels | | | | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | untested |- | VirtualBox | | | | <!--Playback-->{{Yes}} | <!--Recording-->{{No}} | working |- | VirtualPC | | | | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | untested |- | <!--Description-->Intel 82801AA Proxmox | <!--Vendor ID-->0x8086 | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Recording-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- |} ====2005-20xx HDAUDIO.audio==== *6.36 2025 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/43b33a9280b10963ca659de2cc3d1cf289b43a87 reset handler] *6.35 202 [] *6.34 2019 AROS One 1.5 upwards *6.29 2018 *6.27 2017 update *6.25 2014 used for most Icaros 2.x *6.20 July 2012 *6.17 Nov 2011 *6.15 Jun 2011 *[http://www.clusteruk.com/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&did=109 6.13] Sep 2010 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Playback ! width="10%" |Recording ! width="35%" |Comments |- | <!--Description-->ALC260 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ALC262 * ALC262-VD2-GR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments-->LQFP-48 |- | ALC268 codec | 0x | 0x | 0x | <!--Playback-->{{Yes|Version 6.17 Acer AOA110 and AOA150 netbooks), works (Dell Mini Inspiron 9 and 10v, }} | <!--Recording-->{{Yes|Version 6.17 remove QUERY and select 'Mic 1' as input. Tested with 6.15 as well using QuickRecord and AE 4.0.23 under Icaros 1.4.}} | <!--Comments-->AHI UNITS and Music are set to: hdaudio:HiFi 16 bit stereo++ / Frequency 48000 Hz, Volume +0.0 dB. The hdaudio.config in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive is WITHOUT the QUERY-line. After changing and saving the config-file turn off and start again the computer. Switch from internal loudspeaker to headphone you must turn off the music before plug in the headphone-cable, otherwise there is no output on the socket. Back from line-out to internal speakers it is the same. |- | [http://blog.foool.net/wp-content/uploads/linuxdocs/sound.pdf Linux docs ALC269] * ALC269Q-GR * ALC269QSRS-GR * ALC269W-GR | 0x | 0x | 0x | <!--Playback-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->TQFP 48 pin Power IC Chip From [https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/alsa-devel/patch/1408118123-15849-1-git-send-email-tiwai@suse.de/ ALC269 & co have many vendor-specific setups with COEF verbs, result in the codec stalling] |- | [http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=0321f8479fd670cd510f9912b1120fe7edcf2e07 ALC269VB] * ALC269Q-VB5-GR * ALC269Q-VB6-CG * ALC269Q-VB6-GR | 0x10ec | 0x0269 | 0x100004, 0x100100, 0x100202 | <!--Playback-->{{Maybe|some versions work}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments--> * v1 works Asus eee PC netbook 901/1000HA 1005HA/1008HA, 1001P, * v2 maybe working Lenovo S9 S10 S10-2 S10-3 under HDAudio version 6.13 * v3 maybe dell wyse 7010 |- | [http://alsa-project.org/db/?f=9c1746c5957b0ce72ff9cfffa312e97d14baf785 ALC269VC aka ALC3202] * ALC269Q-VC2-GR * ALC269Q-VC3-GR | 0x10ec | 0x0269 | 0x100203, | <!--Playback-->{{Maybe|some versions work}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments-->SMT SMD QFN-48 - * v1 unknown * v2 unknown * v3 x230, dell wyse, |- | ALC272 * ALC272-VA4-GR | 0x10ec | 0x0272 | 0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | * works Acer AOD150 and Acer AOD250 works [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33755&forum=28#616910 Samsung NP-NC10], works Samsung NF210-A02] netbooks, |- | <!--Description-->ALC273 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ALC270 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ALC282 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1002 | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{No|Version 6.17}} | <!--Recording-->{{No|Version 6.17}} | <!--Comments-->needs retest |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ALC660 ALC660-VD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> * works asus F9s, F9e * untested asus w7j, M51SN, A6Tc, A8Sr, |- | <!--Description-->ALC661-GR (2011) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | ALC662 | 0x1043 | 0x82a1 | 0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{Yes|Version 6.17 if QUERY added to top of hdaudio.config}} | <!--Recording-->{{No|Version 6.17 not working for eee pc 900}} | * works Asus eee PC netbook 700/701/900, Atom 270 and 330 mobos, odd clicks (D410 NM10 PineTrail), |- | <!--Description-->[http://outpost.fr/rmaa/ALC663.htm ALC663] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10ec | <!--Product ID-->0x0861 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{No|Version 6.13}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments-->not bad output like headphone amp part of the codec actually works well but messed up by undersized coupling capacitors to actually support such a low impedance * not working Asus n50vn x71vn, |- | <!--Description-->ALC665 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ALC666 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ALC667 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ALC668 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ALC670 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Recording | Comments |- | <!--Description-->ALC880 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments-->some 915 and 925 chipset mobos |- | <!--Description-->ALC882M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments--> |- | Realtek ALC883 ALC883-GR ALC883D-GR ALC883DTS-GR ALC883DD-GR codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Maybe|some early versions work }} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk| }} | 2005 to 2007 HD Audio codec untested (Asus ), |- | Codec ALC885 | 0x10ec | 0x0885 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{No}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | |- | ALC888 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | |- | ALC888s * ALC888S-VD2-GR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Yes}} MSI Wind U90/U100, | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | LQFP-48 |- | ALC888b | 0x8086 | 0x0 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | untested (D510 NM10 Dual Core PineTrail mobo), |- | ALC888-VD | 0x8086 | 0x0 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | untested |- | ALC889A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Yes|works if QUERY added to the top of hdaudio.config in Prefs drawer/directory}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | |- | ALC889 Gr | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Yes}} with crackles | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | |- | ALC889 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Yes}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | Tested with MSI H55 board |- | ALC887 ALC887-GR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Yes}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | * working on ASUS P5KPL/EPU and Gigabyte GA-E350N-Win8 Rev1.0 |- | ALC887-VD-CG | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10ec | <!--Product ID-->0x0887 | <!--Revision-->0x100302 | <!--Playback-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} Subsystem Id: 0x1458a002 | |- | ALC887-VD | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10ec | <!--Product ID-->0x0887 0x1458 | <!--Revision-->0xa002 | <!--Playback-->{{Maybe}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} index = 2 | ALC887 does not have any volume control ability on the mixer NIDs, so put the volume controls on the dac NIDs instead * working with intermittent corrupting pop popping skipping stuttering sound issues MSI 760GM-P23 (FX), * not working Gigabyte H61MA-D3V, AT3IONT-I Deluxe, |- | ALC887-VD2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | 3jacks |- | ALC887-VD2-GR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{No}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | |- | ALC887- | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | |- | ALC892-CG rev | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk| }} | 2011 48-pin LQFP Green package - |- | ALC892 ALC892-DTS-CG rev | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | 2009 introduced * works * not working * untested |- | ALC892 rev | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0x10ec | <!--Product ID-->0x0892 | <!--Revision-->0x100302 | <!--Playback-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk| }} | 2014 |- | Realtek ALC886-GR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk| }} | LQFP-48 |- | Codec ALC861 ALC861-VD | 0x10ec | <!--Product ID-->0x0663 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | * not working Toshiba Tecra A7 |- | <!--Description-->ALC1200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments--> |- | ALC898 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | not working |- | <!--Description-->ALC1500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ALC aka ALC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ALC3232 (aka ALC292) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10ec | <!--Product ID-->0x0292 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ALC aka ALC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ALC3234 aka ALC255 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10ec | <!--Product ID-->0x0255 | <!--Revision-->003 | <!--Playback-->{{No| }} | <!--Recording-->{{No| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ALC aka ALC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ALC3287 aka ALC257 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{yes| }} | <!--Recording-->{{no| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ALC aka ALC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->ALC aka ALC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Recording | Comments |- | <!--Description-->AD1882 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->AD1883 HD Codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->AD1884 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- | Analog Devices SoundMAX AD1981 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0 | <!--Product ID-->0x0 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | IBM Thinkpad T60, |- | AD1984 hp-m4 codec | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0 | <!--Product ID-->0x0 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{No}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | * audio not working on Lenovo X61, Thinkpad T61, |- | AD1986 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0 | <!--Product ID-->0x0 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | |- | AD1988 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0 | <!--Product ID-->0x0 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{No}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | |- | <!--Description-->AD1988A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Recording | Comments |- | <!--Description-->Cirrus Logic CS4207 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0 | <!--Product ID-->0x0 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | |- | <!--Description-->Cirrus Logic CS4208 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0 | <!--Product ID-->0x0 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | |- | <!--Description-->Conexant CX20549 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Maybe|very very very low volume}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments-->untested Fujitsu Amilo SI 1510 1520 no datasheet for the general public |- | <!--Description-->Conexant CX20549-12Z codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments-->untested HP 530 |- | <!--Description-->Conexant CX20561 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{yes}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments--> * working lenovo x200s * untested Lenovo Essential G555 Notebook, HP Pavilion dv6700, |- | <!--Description-->Conexant CX20582 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Conexant CX2059x CX20590 CX20594-21Z codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Conexant CX20585 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{yes}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments--> * working Lenovo Thinkpad T410, |- | <!--Description-->Conexant CX20672 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Conexant CX20671 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Conexant CX20751-21Z codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{yes| }} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Conexant CX11852 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Conexant CX11880 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Conexant after 2015 up to 2018 CX7501 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver codec}} | <!--Recording-->{{no|no driver codec}} | <!--Comments-->Conexant bought by synaptics 2019 |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Recording | Comments |- | <!--Description-->C-Media CMI9880 codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments-->Gigabyte GA-8GPNXP |- | <!--Description-->Silicon Labs 3054 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | VIA 1708A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | untested, |- | VIA VT1708B | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | 0x0010 | <!--Playback-->{{No|VIA PicoITX}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | |- | VIA 1708S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Yes}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | |- | <!--Description-->VT2021 10ch | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments-->Gigabyte Z77MX-D3H, GA-H61M-S2H‎ S2P, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative CA0110-IBG | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Recording | Comments |- | <!--Description-->SigmaTel STAC 9220 9221 9223 8ch (7+1) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->ECS 945GCT/M-1333 (version 3.0), |- | IDT SigmaTec [http://explorer.cekli.com/articles/pdf/hd-audio STAC9227] /28/29/30 codec | <!--Vendor ID-->0x8384 | <!--Product ID-->0x7626 | <!--Revision-->0x0002 | <!--Playback-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | * works HP Compaq mini 110 * untested HP Pavilion HDX9000 CTO Notebook, Intel DG33TL mobo, Dell E520, Intel DP35DP mobo, Dell E6410 Laptop, |- | IDT (formerly SigmaTel) IDC STAC 9271/71D | <!--Vendor ID-->0x8384 | <!--Product ID-->0x7626 | <!--Revision-->0x0002 | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | |- | <!--Description-->IDC STAC 9272 9273 9274 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments-->Intel D5400XS, |- | <!--Description-->IDT 92HD73C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{yes}} | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments-->headphones only Asus AT4NM10 mobo |- | <!--Description-->IDT 92HD75B | <!--Vendor ID-->0x111d | <!--Product ID-->0x7608 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{Yes}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments--> * working [http://koti.kapsi.fi/jvaltane/aros/hdaudio/ HP Compaq Mini 700 Netbook - feedback required] * untested HP Mini 5103 and 5102, HP Compaq 610, HP ProBook Laptop 4520s 4525s 6450b 6550b 6555b, HP EliteBook 2540p 2740p 8440p, Mobile Workstation 8540w 8740w, Pavilion NoteBook DV8, |- | <!--Description-->IDC 92HD81XX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->IDC 92HD83XX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->IDC STAC 92HD89XX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->IDC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->IDC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->IDC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->IDC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM8850 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Wolfson WM8860 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments-->Intel High Definition Audio Revision 1.0. - 4-Channel DAC, 4-channel ADC. - DAC sampling |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} Using Prefs/AHI ensure you set the music unit and at least Units 0 (where most audio comes from) in top left drop down menu to HDaudio - HIFI in the section below. Set Units 1 or 2 to microphone or other outputs. Plus allow more than one channel for multiple audio streams and set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher on the right hand side of the ahi prefs. If sound beeps when you press the test button then all should be OK. Output <- Codec <- Audio Controller (HDA) <-> Computer codecs and exact hardware identifier. As mentioned above, HDA is only part of the work here, it gets the audio out of the main chipset in digital format (on a bus called I2S). This is not enough, there is another step needed which is routing that I2S signal to the output, converting it to actual audio, amplifying it, etc. This is handled by a separate chip called a "codec". Sometimes it is initialized by the BIOS, but this is not always the case. Most audio drivers are made up of two parts a [http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt Controller + a Codec]. The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. Some newer versions of codecs are missing at the moment. Things to try if sound not working * try to connect something to the audio jack, maybe it is not playing on internal speakers or vice versa * make sure you try and select all music units e.g. unit0, unit1.... * even if PCI ID's are in Prefs/Env-Archive/HDaudio.config, this doesn't mean it is working, it is the codec that matters * it might be internally muted <pre> add debug=memory to grub boot line - continue booting with F10 Open a shell Tools/Debug/Bifteck > RAM:audio.txt </pre> or <pre> Open a shell Tools/Debug/Sashimi > RAM:audio.txt Run ahi prefs Click test tone button Stop sashimi with Ctrl-C </pre> If the boot sound is enabled, you have to use Bifteck to capture AHI debug output. In the GRUB menu, press E on your selected entry, then add "debug=memory" to the options (alongside ATA=, vesa= etc.). Then F10 or Ctrl-X to boot. Once booted, run Tools/Debug/Bifteck again. or * try adding QUERYD to the start of ENVARC:hdaudio.config file (also known as Prefs/Env-Archive/) ie. on the first line * '''OR''' try removing QUERY and QUERYD from the start of the hdaudio.config file * Reboot * open a shell * type: sys:tools/debug/sashimi > ram:debug.txt * open ahi prefs * select one of the audio modes - HIFI or otherwise * press the 'test sound' button * press ctrl-c in the shell * post the results to Aros-World The HD Audio standard was designed to be hardware pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly. HDA is a standard around particular chips. Each kind of chip has a certain number of DACs and pins, and even the same chip could be hooked up in different ways on different motherboards. The chips are programmable and the operating system can adjust how things are routed. Some pins aren’t even hooked up, so it makes no sense to route sound to them. Also some pins have sensors that can tell when something is plugged in, so that for example the speakers in a laptop can be muted when headphones are plugged in. Pins are also grouped, so for example all the outputs for a 5.1 sound system are grouped. Generally the HDA driver in the operating system is supposed to read the pin set up and figure out a reasonable way to set things up, and disconnected pins should be ignored, etc. HDAudio standard has headphones on a separate DAC, and it's up to the driver.. it can even send different audio to the headphones without interrupting the main (green) outputs ====Envy24 series ==== A little history. VIA bought the ICE created Envy chipsets [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/audio/controllers/comparison_controller.jsp VT1712] first. A few years later, they created several cheaper variants VT1724 (mixer missing), VT1721 (low end cut down), VT1720 (embedded on motherboard) and lastly the VT1723 (no support apart from Windows Envy24DT like SYBA SD-PEX63034). There are PCI Express versions appearing. The Envy24 is the base product that was originally designed by ICEnsemble, and it supports multi-channel hardware mixing, which is great for professional use. The HT version removes the hardware mixer (unimportant for non-professional uses). The [http://www.avsforum.com/t/364771/envy24ht-s-the-definitive-source HT-S] version is almost exactly the same as the HT, it just uses cheaper DACs. The PT version is exactly the same as the HT-S version, it is just the edition used for on-board audio on motherboards. N.B. [http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec04/articles/pcnotes.htm PCI slot identification] and [http://hsi.web.cern.ch/HSI/s-link/devices/s32pci64/slottypes.html 3.3v PCI]. =====[http://www.opensound.com/readme/README.Envy24.html envy24.audio] - [http://www.anime.net/~goemon/alsa/ VT1712] ===== {| class="wikitable" ! Description ! Vendor ID ! Product ID ! Revision ! Playback ! Recording ! Comments |- | M-Audio Delta 66 - Rev B 1999 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested AK4524VF CS8404A-CS - needs Delta Series break out box with D-sub lead - |- | [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev A 2000 | 0x14 | 0x | | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Recording-->{{unk| }} | works audio out on - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver |- | [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev B 2003 | 0x14 | 0x | | <!--Playback-->{{Yes }} | <!--Recording--> | works well - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver |- | M-Audio Delta 410 - 2001 2001 REV-B | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested for D-A AK4529VQ converters with CS8427-CS 5532 1158B or Event Echo Gina 20-Bit Multitrack Interface Breakout Box - |- | M-Audio Delta 1010 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested AK5383 and AK4393 - 25 pin dsub - |- | M-Audio Delta 1010LT 1010E | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested for D-A AK4529 converters with 2 XLR Microphone inputs with pre amps * be aware of redesign in 2007 - possible issues |- | M Audio Delta 44 - Rev A 2002 - Rev B 2003 - Rev D 2003 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested ICE1712G AK4524VF needs breakout box with 15 pin D-sub lead - |- | M-Audio Delta 66 Rev E 2006 - Omni Studio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested needs break out box with 15 pin D-sub lead - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Delta DiO 2496 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | Terratec EWX24/96 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratecdmx6fire/index.html TerraTec 6fire DMX 24/96] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1412 | <!--Product ID-->0x1712 | <!--Revision-->0x02 | <!--Playback-->{{No|tried line 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 }} | <!--Recording-->{{No| }} | untested - AKM and codec |- | <!--Description-->Terratec EWSA88MT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | [http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-multimedia/2007-March/006087.html Audiotrak Prodigy HD2] 24/96 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | Audiotrak (ESI) Maya 1010 1010L | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | EMU 1212M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | EMU 1616M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | untested |- | <!--Description-->Terratec EWS 88MT EWS 88D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Hoontech Soundtrack DSP 24 Soundtrack DSP 24 Value Soundtrack DSP 24 Media 7.1 Event Electronics EZ8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Digigram VX442 Lionstracs Mediastation Terrasoniq TS 88 Roland/Edirol DA-2496 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} =====envy24ht.audio - VIA VT1724===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Playback ! width="10%" |Recording ! width="35%" |Comments |- | ESI Juli@ | 0x3031 | 0x4553 | 0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{Yes}} | <!--Recording-->{{Yes}} | reported working years ago [http://envy24.svobodno.com/ Envy24HT-S] - AKM 4358 DAC - AKM 4114/4112 DIT |- | ESI Juli@ Ego Igo rev K | 0x3031 | 0x | 0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{Unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{Unk}} | AK4358? DAC - AK4114 AK4112 DIT |- | [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-revolution51.html M-Audio Revolution 5.1] | 0x1412 | 0x3631 | 0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | reported working years ago but discontinued - (Envy24GT) - 3ch AKM 4358 DAC - ADC AKM 5365 - |- | [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/m-audio-revolution71/index.html M-Audio Revolution 7.1] 24/192 | 0x1412 | 0x3630 0x1724 | 0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{No| }} | <!--Recording-->{{No| }} | not working - illegal semaphore - 6ch ADC AKM AK4355 24-bit 192 kHz - 2ch DAC AKM AK4381 24-bit 192 kHz - ADC AKM AK5380 |- | Terratec Aureon Sky 5.1 | 0x153b | 0x1147 | 0x | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | untested - discontinued |- | [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratec-aureon71/index.html Terratec Aureon Space 7.1] | 0x153b | 0x1145 | 0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | untested - Wolfson WM8770 DAC, AC'97 codec SigmaTel STAC9744 |- | Terratec Aureon Universe 7.1 | 0x153b | 0x1153 (rev x) 0x1724 (rev3) | 0x0 | <!--Playback-->{{No| }} | <!--Recording-->{{No| }} | not working - semaphore error on rev 3 - DAC ADC |- | Terratec Phase 22 | 0x153b | 0x1150 | | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524 |- | Terratec Phase 28 | 0x153b | 0x1149 | | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Playback | Recording | Revision | Comments |- | Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1 | 0x4933 | 0x4553 | | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | no driver - Wolfson WM8770 and AC'97 SigmaTel STAC9744 codec |- | Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1 LT | 0x3132 | 0x4154 | | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | no driver - |- | [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/sound/audiotrak-prodigy192.html Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 192] 24/96 | | | | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | no driver - STAC9460S codec |- | <!--Description-->Echo Layla 24/96 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | <!--Comments--> |- | [http://www.bit-tech.net/custompc/labs/80752/hercules-gamesurround-fortissimo-4.html Hercules Gamesurround Fortissimo 4] | | | | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | no driver - Wolfson WM8776 Codec and WM8766 DAC |- | [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-audiophile192.html M-Audio Audiophile Delta AP 192k] | 0x1412 | 0x3632 | | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | no driver - Stereo ADC AKM AK5385A 24-bit 192 kHZ - 8-channel DAC AKM AK4358 24-bit 192 kHz - AKM 4114/4112 DIT |- | ONKYO SE-150PCI | 0x160b | 0x0001 | | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | no driver |- | <!--Description-->ESI Waveterminal 192x | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Quartet | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | <!--Comments--> - AKM 4114/4112 DIT |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk}} | <!--Recording-->{{unk}} | <!--Comments--> |- |} ====hdmiaudio.audio - hdmi no support==== {| class="wikitable" ! Description ! Vendor ID ! Product ID ! Revision ! Comments |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Recording | Comments |- | <!--Description-->ATI R6xx HDMI Audio codec support output | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1002 | <!--Product ID-->0x9840 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{No| }} | <!--Recording-->{{No| }} | <!--Comments-->Not detected |- | <!--Description-->NVidia HDMI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel Series 6 CougarPoint HDMI codec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel HDMI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Recording--> | <!--Comments--> |} [[#top|...to the top]] ===Graphic GFX Chipsets=== [https://gallium.readthedocs.io/en/latest/systems.html PCIe based] graphic chipset is defacto on 64bit AROS and recommended on 32bit. AGP works on 32bit but faster transfers through the AGP slot are only available on a few supported motherboard chipsets * Faster AGP Working = SIS 650 board, Intel 865pe AGP slot on MSI 6788-050, * Not Supported = NForce2 chipsets, most Intel 815/820 chipsets, VIA chipsets, ALi chipsets, The fallback for all graphics modes is vesa if any native support does not work. There is a choice of very low resolution vga as the last resort 2D tests performed with [http://download.aros3d.org/software/gfxbench.zip gfxbench] in the shell type gfxbench > out.txt (40 seconds blank screen is part of the test), via FreeDoom via limit-removing engine like odamex, chocolate or vanilla doom -timedemo demo1 or doom2 -timedemo demo1, doom.exe -iwad doom2 -file mymap.wad, Duke DNRATE 640x480 windowed 3D tests performed with Demos/Mesa/ , Cube 1080p, Cube 2 windowed not fullscreen 1920 x 1025, Quake3 ~ cl_drawFPS 1, Xonotic , [http://shinh.skr.jp/sdlbench/showtestgl.cgi test gl], HDMI, DVI and DisplayPort monitors have a native resolution of 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p and up <pre> HDMI (licensing fee) 1.2 720p res. 1.3 1080 resolution 1.4 4K @ 30Hz 2.0 4K @ 60Hz 2.1 48Gbs for 4K @ 120Hz, 8K @ , VRR, etc 2.2 ultra96 </pre> <pre> DisplayPort (VESA introduced) 1.4 4K @ 60Hz 2.1 96Gbs for 4K @ 240Hz, 8K @ 120Hz. MST daisy chain multiple monitors, </pre> <pre> GPMI chinese standard 2.0 </pre> *OpenGL4 must have 64-bit floating point FP64 math support. The last revision opengl 4.6 (2017) - [https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.0.html#mesa-20-0-0-release-notes-2020-02-19 Mesa 20.0.0] implements the OpenGL 4.6 API, but the version reported by glGetString(GL_VERSION) or glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION) / glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION) depends on the particular driver being used and may report a lower version depending on each driver. Mesa 20.0.0 implements the Vulkan 1.2 API, but the version reported by the apiVersion property of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties struct depends on the particular driver being used. *OpenGL3 last revision 3.3 (2011) *OpenGL2 nvidia-nouveau on Aros 32bit, *OpenGL1 intel gma950 on Aros 32bit and 64bit, [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/AMDGPU AMDGPU] RX 5000's / 6000s ([https://forum.batocera.org/d/7491-enable-opengl-46-and-vulkan-for-an-old-radeon-video-card RDNA] some Nvidia RTX but Intel Iris Plus or Xe or Arc will not unless a developer wants the challenge ====vga.hidd==== {| class="wikitable" ! Description ! Vendor ID ! Product ID ! Revision ! Comments |- | | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | Generic VGA Driver, limited to 640x480 in 16 colours - no 3D support |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} ====vesa.hidd==== {| class="wikitable" ! Description ! Vendor ID ! Product ID ! Revision ! Comments |- | | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | 2D support for VBE1, VBE2 and VBE3 (most cards) - various resolutions and 24bit colour - no 3D support |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} [[#top|...to the top]] ====[[w:en:Intel GMA|Intel GMA]]==== DVI output is not supported at the moment. If having problems: * Ensure the latest version is being used. * Set GMA_MEM to 128 or 256 to test * Try the FORCEGMA ToolType for 2D, and try the FORCEGALLIUM ToolType for 3D acceleration after 2D is verified to work. ToolTypes should be applied to the Devs/Monitors/IntelGMA monitor icon. If still having problems: * At GRUB boot screen edit boot line and add option: debug=memory * Boot. * Use shell command: tools/debug/bifteck > RAM:debug.txt * And post [GMA MONITOR DETECTION] and other related debug lines {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="5%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="3%" |Rev ! width="5%" |2D ! width="5%" |3D ! width="5%" |Analog Output ! width="5%" |Digital Output ! width="5%" |Laptop LCD ! width="30%" |Comments |- | 910GL 82910GL GMCH + ICH6 | 0x8086 | 0x2582 0x2592 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes}} | <!--3D-->{{Unk}} | <!--Analogue Output--> | <!--Digital Output--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | 910GML 82910 GML GMCH + ICH6 Mobile | 0x8086 | 0x2582 0x2592 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes}} | <!--3D-->{{Unk}} | <!--Analogue Output--> | <!--Digital Output--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | may need to add forceGMA to grub boot line to work |- | 915G 82915G GMCH + ICH6-M | 0x8086 | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Unk}} | <!--3D-->{{Unk}} | <!--Analogue Output--> | <!--Digital Output--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | |- | 915GL 82915GL GMCH | 0x8086 | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Unk}} | <!--3D-->{{Unk}} | <!--Analogue Output--> | <!--Digital Output--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | |- | 915GV 82915GV GMCH | 0x8086 | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|}} | <!--3D-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue Output--> | <!--Digital Output--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | HP DC5100 small form factor |- | 915GM GMA900 | 0x8086 | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> {{Yes| }} | <!--3D--> {{Unk| tunnel gearbox }} | <!--Analogue Output--> | <!--Digital Output--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Yes}} | asus eee pc 900 |- | 915GMS | 0x8086 | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> {{Yes| }} | <!--3D--> {{Unk| tunnel }} | <!--Analogue Output--> | <!--Digital Output--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Yes| }} | |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Graphics-Media-Accelerator-950.2177.0.html 945GU] - 133 MHz (Lake port for Intel A100 and A110) | 0x8086 | 0x2772 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> {{Yes| }} | <!--3D--> {{Unk| }} | <!--Analogue Output--> | <!--Digital Output--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | Fujitsu LifeBook U1010, |- | 945GMS - 166 MHz / 250 MHz (1.05V) | 0x8086 | 0x27a2 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> {{Yes| }} | <!--3D--> {{Unk| }} | <!--Analogue Output--> | <!--Digital Output--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Yes}} | Dell D430 |- | 945GSE - 166 MHz (for Atom) | 0x8086 | 0x27ae | 0x0 | <!--2D--> {{Yes| }} | <!--3D--> {{Yes|[http://www.x.org/wiki/GalliumStatus]}} | {{Yes}} | {{No|dvi port}} | {{Yes| }} | for atom motherboards and most 2008/2009 netbooks * 3D Works - AOA110 AOA150, Dell Mini 9, Samsung NC10, Toshiba NB100, |- | 945G 82945G GMCH + ICH7 | 0x8086 | 0x27a6 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Unk}} | <!--3D-->{{Unk}} | <!--Analogue Output--> | <!--Digital Output--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | untested 2D and 3D |- | 945GC 82945GC MCH | 0x8086 | 0x27a6 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Unk}} | <!--3D-->{{Unk}} | <!--Analogue Output--> | <!--Digital Output--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | untested 2D and 3D |- | 945PM | 0x8086 | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes}} | <!--3D-->{{Yes}} | <!--Analogue Output--> | <!--Digital Output--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | Dell D420, Compaq nc6400, |- | 945GMS - 250 MHz Calistoga | 0x8086 | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> {{Yes}} | <!--3D--> {{Yes|most models}} | <!--Analogue Output--> | <!--Digital Output--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Yes}} | * 3D Works Dell Latitude 2100, HP Compaq nc6320, Lenovo 3000, Lenovo T60, Samsung Q35, Dell D620, Dell D820, * 3D untested Toshiba Satellite L100-120, Toshiba Portege M400, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Unk}} | <!--3D-->{{Unk}} | <!--Analogue Output--> | <!--Digital Output--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | GMA 3100 G31 | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--3D-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk}} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Unk}} | works 2D but no 3D |- | GMA 3100 G33 | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--3D-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk}} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Unk}} | works 2D but no 3D |- | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_GMA GMA 3150] netbooks and nettops | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--3D-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk}} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Unk}} | works 2D but no 3D. no vga, dvi or hdmi output for nettops |- | <!--Description--> G965 | <!--Vendor ID--> 0x8086 | <!--Product ID--> 0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--3D-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk}} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> Q965 | <!--Vendor ID--> 0x8086 | <!--Product ID--> 0x2992 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--3D-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{No}} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments--> Only tested with VGA output. |- | 965GM X3100 (500 MHz) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--3D-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk}} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Unk}} | some support 2D but no hardware 3D - could not get it to work with VGA or dvi output * untested Apple MacBook Air, Lenovo Thinkpad X300, Dell Inspiron 1525, Toshiba M9, |- | 960GM X3100 (400 MHz) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--3D-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk}} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Unk}} | |- | 965M X3100 (400 MHz) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--3D-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk}} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Unk}} | Dell D830, |- | 965PM ?? | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--3D-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk}} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Unk}} | Toshiba A9 works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D |- | GL965 | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--3D-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk}} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Unk}} | works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D |- | GM965 | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--3D-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk}} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Unk}} | works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D |- | GMA X3500 G35 | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--3D-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk}} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Unk}} | works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D |- | <!--Description-->X4500M G41 G43 G45 (400Mhz) Mobile 4 Series | <!--Vendor ID--> 0x8086 | <!--Product ID--> 0x2a42 0x2a43 | <!--Revision-->0x07 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--3D-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue--> {{No|}} | <!--Digital--> {{No|}} | <!--Laptop LCD--> {{Yes| VESA}} | <!--Comments-->works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D |- | <!--Description-->GMA 4500M HD (533 MHz) | <!--Vendor ID--> 0x8086 | <!--Product ID--> 0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--3D-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk}} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments-->works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D |- | <!--Description-->GMA 4700M HD (640MHZ) | <!--Vendor ID--> 0x8086 | <!--Product ID--> 0x2a42 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--3D-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk}} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{Unk}} | <!--Comments-->works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} ====nvgfx.hidd [http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/FeatureMatrix nouveau].hidd (nvidia pci, agp, pci-e desktop)==== PCIe based nvidia graphics (gfx 8xxx) are the base level for 64bit AROS but earlier models still has some support on 32bit AROS *Desktop, 64bit some support *Laptop, 64bit, OpenGl 3+ if Intel turned off *Desktop, 32bit more likely hit rather than miss on early nvidia *Laptop, 32bit limited support for '''very''' early non-optimus (i.e. just Nvidia gfx only so no Intel and nvidia gfx combinations) Please note that the nouveau project is reverse engineering a nvidia graphics driver but takes time because of [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/ nVidia's closed firmwares], etc * 2026-08 - DEVS Nouveau.hidd Gallium.hidd Softpipe - LIBS Gallium GLU 26.0 Mesa OpenCL * 2026-07 - DEVS Nouveau.hidd Gallium.hidd Softpipe - LIBS Gallium GLU 20.0 Mesa OpenCL * 2011-10 - DEVS 6.11 Nouveau.hidd 7.4 Gallium.hidd 9.4 Softpipe - LIBS 2.3 Gallium 1.3 GLU 19.0 Mesa OpenCL 1.x * 2011-04 - DEVS 5.31 Nouveau.hidd 7.3 Gallium.hidd 9.3 Softpipe - LIBS 2.2 Gallium 1.1 GLU 18.0 Mesa OpenCL n/a Nouveau support for AROS is limited to OpenGL 2.1 compliance on 32bit even for modern GL4 capable GPUs but on 64bit ... On Aros 32bit OpenCL supports the NV50 (8000 9000) cards, less support in NVC0 fermi cards (300 upwards) On Aros 64bit ADoom3 graphic details ultra, benchmark while playing press the "`" key and type "Timedemo demo1" in the console {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="5%" | Graphic Card ! width="5%" | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768 ! width="5%" | Aros 32bit 800 x 600 ! width="5%" | Aros 32bit 640 x 480 ! width="5%" | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768 ! width="5%" | Aros 64bit 800 x 600 ! width="5%" | Aros 64bit 640 x 480 |- | NV50 Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98) || || || || || || |- | Gigabyte 8500GT 256M || 42,6 || 57,2 || 68,6 || || || |- | NV96 (G96) Geforce 9500GT 512M || 43 || 53 || 57 || || || |- | NV96 (G96) 9600GT || || || || || || |- | NVA3 (GT215) GT240 || || || || || || |- | NVA5 (GT216) Palit GT220 Sonic 512M || 39,7 || 55,8 || 63,7 || || || |- | NVA8 (GT218) gt210 || || || || || || |- | NVA8 (GT218) ION2 || 38,4 || 53,9 || 61,7 || Not Detected || Not Detected || Not Detected |- | NVC3 (GF106) GT440 GTS 450 || || || || || || |- | NVCF (GF116) NVC0 Fermi GTX 550Ti or GTS 450 v2 || || || || || || |- | NVC8 (GF110) 580GTX || N/A || N/A || N/A || || || |- | NVE0 Kepler GT630 || N/A || N/A || N/A || || || |- | NVE6 (GK106) Kepler GTX660 || N/A || N/A || N/A || || || |- | NVE7 (GK107) GTX 650 || N/A || N/A || N/A || || || |- | NV110 Maxwell GTX 750 || N/A || N/A || N/A || || || |- | NV126 (GM206) GTX950 || N/A || N/A || N/A || unk || unk || unk |- | NV160 family (Turing) GTX 1650 and RTX 2000 upwards with GSP firmware || N/A || N/A || N/A || unknown || unknown || unknown |- | HostGL Ryzen 5 4600H - Nvidia 1650 - Linux mint 21.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 150fps || 154fps || 155fps |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | width="5%" | Graphic Card | width="5%" | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768 | width="5%" | Aros 32bit 800 x 600 | width="5%" | Aros 32bit 640 x 480 | width="5%" | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768 | width="5%" | Aros 64bit 800 x 600 | width="5%" | Aros 64bit 640 x 480 |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="5%" | Description ! width="5%" | Vendor ID ! width="5%" | Product ID ! width="2%" | Rev ! width="5%" | 2D ! width="5%" | 3D ! width="5%" | Analog Output ! width="5%" | Digital Output ! width=40%" | Comments |- | <!--Description-->tnt1 (nv04) tnt2 (nv05) m64 value (1998) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--3D-->{{No|very slow}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | NV04 Riva TNT TNT2 Fahrenheit freezes on via motherboard chipset so rename agp.hidd in SYS:Devs/Drivers or Monitors |- | <!--Description-->tnt vanta lt (nv06) 1998 /9 | 0x10de | 0x002c | 0x15 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--3D-->{{No|slow}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | <!--Description-->Geforce 256 (nv10) (2000) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--3D-->{{No|slow }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | Geforce256 |- | <!--Description-->Geforce 2 Geforce 3 Geforce 4 (nv20) 2000 / 2 | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--3D-->{{No|slow }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | works for some PCI and AGP Geforce2 Geforce3 Geforce4 |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | Geforce FX5200 nv34 (2003) | 0x10DE | 0x0322 0x | 0xA1 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Maybe|VGA15 }} | <!--Digital-->{{Maybe|DVI}} | NV30 GeForce 5 FX Rankine Hardware OpenGL 1.5 - slower than GF MX 4000 for 2D - max 1024 x768 * not working [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=92328&page=8 mobos with VIA chipsets 2018] * working (MSI 0x9174) the previous nouveau 5.x driver * Others work with 6.x series XFX PV-T34K-NA, ASUS V9520-X/TD |- | Geforce FX5500 (nv34) (2003) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|DVI}} | works |- | Geforce 5100 (NV34) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | Geforce FX 5200LE (NV34) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | GeForce FX 5200 Ultra | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | Geforce FX5600 (nv31) (2004) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{Yes}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|DVI}} | works |- | GeForce FX 5600 Ultra | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | GeForce FX 5600SE | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | GeForce FX 5600XT | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | Geforce FX5700 (nv36) (2004) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|some}} | <!--3D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|DVI}} | |- | GeForce FX 5700VE | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | GeForce FX 5700 Ultra | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | GeForce FX 5700LE | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | GeForce FX 5800 (NV30) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | GeForce FX 5800 Ultra (NV30) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | GeForce FX 5900 (NV35) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | GeForce FX 5900 Ultra | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | GeForce FX 5900XT | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | GeForce FX 5900ZT | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | GeForce FX 5950 Ultra | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | Geforce 5xxx | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | Geforce 6200 (nv44) (2005) | 0x | 0x00F3 0x014F | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text}} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe| use 5.28}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Yes|VGA15 and s-video - plain 4pin cable lead will work with 7pin}} | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|DVI}} | NV40 GeForce 6 GeForce 7 Curie AGP Hardware OpenGL 2.1 needing previous 5.x version as regression arose 2011-10 |- | Geforce 6200 (nv44a) (2006) | 0x | 0x0221 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text }} | <!--3D-->{{Yes|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Yes|VGA15}} | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|DVI}} | Hardware OpenGL 2.1, PCI version tested OK in 2014-01-02 - Icaros 1.5.2 * not working *working |- | GeForce 6200 with Turbo Cache (NV43) | 0x | 0x0161 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes}} | <!--3D-->{{Yes}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|DVI}} | |- | GeForce 6200SE with Turbo Cache (NV44) | 0x | 0x0162 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | |- | Geforce 6200 LE | 0x10de | 0x0163 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | PCI-E |- | GeForce 6600 LE | 0x | 0x00F4 0x0142 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 6600 | 0x | 0x00F2 0x0141 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | 2006 PureVideo HD 1 or VP1 re-used the MPEG-1/MPEG-2 decoding pipeline from FX |- | Geforce 6600gt (nv4x) (2005) | 0x | 0x00F1 0x0140 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes}} | <!--3D-->{{Yes}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|DVI}} | OpenGL tests - |- | Geforce 6800 (nv40) (2005) | 0x | 0x0041 0x00C1 0x00F0 0x0211 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes}} | <!--3D-->{{Yes}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|DVI}} | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 6800 XE (NV4x) | 0x | 0x0043 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 6800 LE | 0x | 0x0042 0x00C2 0x0212 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 6800 GT (quadro fx 1400) | 0x | 0x0045 0x0046 0x0215 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes}} | <!--3D-->{{Yes}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | Geforce 6800 GS | 0x | 0x0047 0x00C0 0x00F6 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 6800 GTS NV40 | 0x | 0x0040 0x0F9 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes}} | <!--3D-->{{Yes}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|DVI}} | <!--Comments--> |- | Geforce 6800XT | 0x | 0x0044 0x0048 0x00C3 0x0218 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 6600 VE | 0x | 0x0143 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 6500 NV44 | 0x | 0x0160 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 6250 | 0x | 0x0169 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | Geforce 6xxx | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | GeForce 7800 GTX | 0x | 0x0090 0x0091 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{Yes| tunnel gearbox cube cube2 25}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> 256MB DDR3 - 1 6pin psu connector - * not working asus en7800gtx/2dhtv/256m/osp/a - * Works XFX PV-T70F-UDD7 Works in steve jones' scrap pc aros build 2010 2 DVI-I ports * Untested |- | GeForce 7800 GT | 0x | 0x0092 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | Geforce 7600gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) | 0x | 0x02E0 0x0391 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> OpenGL 2.1 * not working * working |- | GeForce 7800 SLI | 0x | 0x0095 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 7900 GTX | 0x | 0x0290 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 7900 GT GTO | 0x | 0x0291 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 7900 GS | 0x10de | 0x0292 | 0x0a1 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|Pixel Text}} | <!--3D-->{{Yes}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> * not working * Works with a few glitches with XFX Pine 0x2218 |- | GeForce 7950 GX2 | 0x10de | 0x0293 0x0294 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 7950 GT | 0x | 0x0295 0x02E4 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 7900 GS | 0x | 0x02E3 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 7600 GS | 0x | 0x02E1 0x0392 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 7650 GS | 0x10de | 0x0390 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 7600 LE | 0x10de | 0x0394 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | Geforce 7800GS (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) | 0x10de | 0x0093 0x00F5 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|Pixel Text}} | <!--3D-->{{Yes}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> * not working * works if AGP motherboard chipset is supported - Hardware OpenGL 2.1 |- | GeForce 7100 GS | 0x10de | 0x016A | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|Pixel Text}} | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 7350 LE | 0x10de | 0x01D0 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | Geforce 7300le (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) | 0x10de | 0x01D1 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|Pixel Text}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 7300SE 7200GSGF-7200GS-N-B1 variant (G72) | 0x10de | 0x01D3 | 0x0a1 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}} | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2007 40W pci-e 1.0 VP1 no unified shaders - * not working Asus on via chipset (2015), * works Asus on intel chipset (2015), |- | Geforce 7300gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) | 0x10de | 0x0395 0x0393 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|Pixel Text}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> * not working * works |- | GeForce 7300 GS | 0x10de | 0x01DF | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 7500 LE | 0x10de | 0x01DD | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | Geforce 7xxx | 0x10de | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | GeForce 8800 Ultra (NV50 family) | 0x10de | 0x0194 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->NV50 GeForce 8 to GeForce 200s opengl 3.x - max res - 80nm technology - PureVideo HD 2 or VP2 Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set A (absent from ultra and some 8800gt?) added a dedicated bitstream processor (BSP) and enhanced video processor for H.264, VC-1 acceleration |- | Geforce 8800gts (nv50) (G8x) (2007) | 0x10de | 0x0400 0x0600 0x0193 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2007 200w openGL3 openCL - 2x6pin psu * not working 0x0193 models (2015) on via chipsets, * works |- | Geforce 8800gtx (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) | 0x10de | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2008 200W 1x 6pin connector, * not working * working * untested XFX PV-T88P-YDF4, Alpha Dog Edition runs extremely hot - Gigabyte GV-NX88T512H, |- | GeForce 8800 GT | 0x10de | 0x0602 0x0611 0x0193 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{Yes}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital-->DVI up to 2500 x 1600 | <!--Comments--> opengl 3.x - 6pin psu power connector required * not working * untested Asus EN8800GT/HTDP/256M EN8800GT/HTDP/512M EN8800GT/G/HTDP/512M * works |- | GeForce 8800 GT (G92) | 0x10de | 0x0611 | 0x0a2 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|6.11 Pixel Text}} | <!--3D-->{{Yes}} | <!--Analogue-->{{N/A}} | <!--Digital-->{{Yes}} | <!--Comments--> opengl 3 pci-e 2.0 8800GT 512MB on Icaros 2.0.3 [[File:8800GT aros heads.png|thumb|8800GT]] [[File:8800GT aros tails.png|thumb|8800GT detail]] |- | Geforce 8600gt (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) | 0x10de | 0x0401 0x0402 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|Pixel Text}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> opengl 3.x - max res * not working * works |- | GeForce 8500 GT G86 based chipset | 0x10de | 0x0421 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|32bit and 64bit}} | <!--3D-->{{yes|32bit and 64bit}} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk|dvi and vga untested}} | <!--Digital-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Comments-->2008 70W - max opengl 3.x on Aros 64bit but opengl 2.1 offered on Aros 32bit * works Gigabyte 8500 GT on 32bit * not working |- | GeForce 8800 GS | 0x10de | 0x0606 0x060D | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> opengl 3.x - max res |- | GeForce 8600GS | 0x10de | 0x0403 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> openGL 3.x VP3 offers complete hardware-decoding for all 3 video codecs of the Blu-ray Disc format: MPEG-2, VC-1, and H.264 - Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set B |- | GeForce 8300 GS | 0x10de | 0x0423 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2008 opengl2 not opengl 3.x - max res |- | Geforce 8400gs G98GS (end 2007) GT218 (2009) * Rev2 with 8/16 cores and 128-512MB of DDR2 or GDDR3 memory. * Rev3 with 8 cores and 512MB-1GB of DDR3 memory (based on Tesla 2.0) | 0x10de | 0x0424 0x0422 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|Doom Doom2 Duke on 32bit, no display on 64bit}} | <!--3D-->{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55 quake3 on 32bit, no display on 64bit}} | <!--Analogue-->{{maybe|vga and dvi from any display port on 32bit, no display on 64bit}} | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|digital 24 pin DDWG's DVI and hdmi on 32bit, no display on 64bit}} | <!--Comments-->2009 50W openGL 2.x openCL - case single slot - * not working Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98), * works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98), |- | Geforce 8400gs (nv50) (G86) (mid-2007) * Rev1 with 16 cores / 256MB of DDR2 memory. | 0x10de | 0x0404 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|Doom Doom2 Duke }} | <!--3D-->{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55 quake3 }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Yes|works but not tested thru 4 pins of analog signal of DVI plug}} | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}} | <!--Comments-->2008 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - * not working XFX PV-T86S-YAJG NVIDIA GeForce 8400 GS 512MB DDR2, Sparkle 8400GS 512MB SX84GS512D2L-DPP, * works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/HTP/256M SILENT/HTP/512M/A, |- | GeForce 8400 SE | 0x10de | 0x0420 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> openGL 2.x openCL |- | NVidia Quadro NVS290 DMS-59 | 0x10de | 0x0403 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{no| }} | <!--3D-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk|DMS-59 socket}} | <!--Digital-->{{unk|DMS-59 }} | <!--Comments-->2008 21W - G86S (G86-827-A2) - 16 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs. NVIDIA has paired 256 MB DDR2 - PCIe 1.0 x16 Low Profile - |- | Geforce Quadro FX 4600 (SDI), 5600 | 0x10de | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Partial|VESA 2d}} | <!--3D-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{partial| }} | <!--Digital-->{{partial| }} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | GeForce 9800 GX2 (NV50 family) | 0x10de | 0x0604 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Partial|VESA }} | <!--3D-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Partial| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2009 150w - 65nm technology |- | GeForce 9800 GTX | 0x10de | 0x0612 | 0x0a2 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe|6.11 }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2009 2x6pin psu - * not working xfx on via chipset (2015), * works xfx on chipset intel , |- | GeForce 9800 GTX+ | 0x10de | 0x0613 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> opengl 3.x - max res 2560 x 1920 - case dual slot - 26amp 12v rail on computer psu if 2x6pin connectors needed - 55nm version of the G92 chip - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - * not working * works on a few models |- | Geforce 9800 GT 9800gt (nv50) (G92a) (2008) | 0x10de | 0x0614 | 0x0xa2 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke on 32bit, display on 64bit }} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe| tunnel 495 gearbox 513 Cube 156 Cube2 120 Quake3 on 32bit, on 64bit}} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk|vga and dvi ports untested}} | <!--Digital-->{{partial|DVI and hdmi ports on 32bit, on 64bit}} | <!--Comments--> OpenGL 3.1 openCL 1.x - case dual slot - some fan control - some have 1x6pin - randomly works * not working Gainward CardExpert Tech GF9800GT on 64bit * working Gainward CardExpert (0x0401) Green Edition NE39800TFHD02-PM8D92 1024MB (no 6pin) on 32bit, |- | Geforce gf9600 9600gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) | 0x10de | 0x0622 | 0x0a1 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke }} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe| tunnel 493 gearbox 675 Cube Cube2 100 Quake3 }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital-->{{Yes| DVI}} | <!--Comments--> OpenGL 3.2 openCL but no fan control - case dual slot - 1 6pin pcie psu connector - 500 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 26 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - g96 gpu randomly works - * not working bfg tech ocx, * works gigabyte gv-n96tsl-512i - |- | Geforce gf9500 9500gt (nv5 ) (G96c) | 0x10de | 0x0640 | 0x0a1 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|on 32bit, but nothing on DO3 64bit}} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe| tunnel 480, gearbox 500, Cube , Cube2 64, Quake3 for 32bit, nothing on DO3 64bit }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk|vga and dvi untested}} | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|DVI on 32bit, up to grub but blank screen after on 64bit except vga mode}} | <!--Comments-->2008 opengl 2 - 1 or 2 slot card - - * not working zotac zone fanless, Gainward USA NE29500THHD01-PM8796, PNY G9500GN2E50X+0TE, * works xfx xne-9500t-td01-pm8596 1024mb ddr2, |- | GeForce 9600 GS | 0x | 0x0623 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> opengl 3.x - max res - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - * not working * works |- | GeForce 9600 GSO | 0x | 0x0610 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> opengl 3.x - max res - G92 chopped down - 9600GSO is re-badged 8800GS both very power hungry cards - |- | GeForce 9300 GS | 0x | 0x06E1 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2009 opengl 3.x - max res |- | Geforce 9400 GT (nv5 ) (G86S) (2008) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{partial|}} | <!--3D-->{{unk|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}} | <!--Digital-->{{unk|1x DVI}} | <!--Comments-->2009 50W opengl 3.x - max res |- | Geforce 9xxx (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{unk|}} | <!--3D-->{{unk|}} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk|}} | <!--Digital-->{{unk|}} | <!--Comments-->2009 opengl 3.x - max res |- | <!--Description-->Quadro FX 580 G96 chipset | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2009 |- | <!--Description--> NV84 (G84) GeForce 8600 (GT, GTS, M GT, M GS), 8700M GT, NV92 (G92) GeForce 8800 (GT, GS, GTS 512, M GTS, M GTX) GeForce 9600 GSO, 9800 (GT, GTX, GTX+, GX2, M GT, M GTX) NV96 (G96) GeForce 9400 GT, 9500 (GT, M G), 9600 (M GS, M GT), NV86 (G86) GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description-->NVA0 (GT200) Tesla GeForce GTX (260, 275, 280, 285, 295) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce GTX 280 (NV50 family) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x05E1 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> opengl 3.x - max res PureVideo HD 4 (Nvidia Feature Set C or "VDPAU Feature Set C), VP4 added hardware to offload MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (original DivX and Xvid) |- | <!--Description-->GeForce GTX 260 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID-->0x05E2 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{partial|Vesa}} | <!--3D-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> 2 6pin - psu pci express 2.1 - |- | Geforce GTS250 250GTS (g92b) (2009) | 0x10de | 0x0615 | 0x0a2 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke }} | <!--3D-->{{Yes| tunnel 486 gearbox 508-642 Cube Cube2 80 Quake3 }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital-->{{Yes| DVI}} | <!--Comments--> 2x6pin psu VP2 - pci-e 2.x - case dual slots - 738m 1gb ddr3 - * not working Zotac branded version GDDR3 - * works PNY gs-250x-zdfl and Gigabyte ??, BFG Tech RGTS2501024OCE, palit ne3ts250fhd52-pm8a92 with 2x6pin on top and hdmi output port, |- | <!--Description-->GeForce GT 240 (GT215 family) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID-->0x0ca3 | <!--Revision-->0xa2 | <!--2D-->{{no| }} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{no|does not work on 32bit, on 64bit}} | <!--Digital-->{{no|does not wotk on 32bit, on 64bit}} | <!--Comments-->2009 openGl 3.2 - case dual slots - no 6pin psu required with VP4 - pcie 2.1, may not work in 1.0a slots - * not working * DDR3 * DDR5 - Asus ENGT240 - XFX Pine GT240XYHFC 0x3001 - Gigabyte GV-N240D5-512I rev 1.0 - Zotac AMP! with HDMI 1.3a with DisplayPort 1.1, Dual Link DVI - * works |- | <!--Description-->GT220 (GT216) G220 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID-->0x0a20 | <!--Revision-->0xa2 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|working on 32bit, on 64bit}} | <!--3D-->{{Yes|working on 32bit, on 64bit}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Yes|vga and dvi ports on 32bit and untested on 64bit}} | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|DVI port on 32bit only, on 64bit}} | <!--Comments-->2007 GeForce GT220 1GB on Icaros 2.3 32bit [[File:GT220 aros heads.png|thumb|GT220]][[File:GT220 aros tails.png|thumb|GT220]] * works * not working NVIDIA Quadro® 400 512MB DDR3 GT216 DP DVI, AFox AF220 1Gb DDR3, |- | Geforce GT220 220GT G94 Tesla (g92b) | 0x10de | 0x0a20 | 0xa2 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke on 32bit, nothing 64bit}} | <!--3D-->{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 cube 150 cube2 50 Quake3 on 32bit, nothing on 64bit}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA on 32bit, untested on 64bit}} | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|1xDVI but not 1x HDMI on 32bit, dvi and hdmi to grub but no display after on 64bit}} | 58W pci express 2.0 cards DDR3 - case single slot - * not working ASUS ENGT220/DI/1GD2(LP)/V2 - * works - gainward card expert 0x0401 GDDr3 512MB - |- | <!--Description-->GT210 GT 210 210GT G210 based on Tesla 2.0 GT218S GT218-300-A2 variant, GT218-300-B1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID-->0x0a65 | <!--Revision-->0xa2 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|6.11 Pixel Text}} | <!--3D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}} | <!--Digital-->{{Maybe|DVI out works but not hdmi or 1x DisplayPort}} | <!--Comments-->2009 31W OpenGL 3.3 pci-e 2.0 cards - single slot - * working GT218 based Asus EN210 based silent low profile large passively cooled - * untested MSI GeForce 210 1GB DDR3 PCIe N210-MD1GD3H/LP, * not working |- | <!--Description-->Nvidia ION2 9400M class (GT218) Tesla | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2012 |- | <!--Description-->Quadro NVS 295 (256 MB GDDR3) 11(A) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID-->0x06fd | <!--Revision-->0xa1 | <!--2D-->{{no|working on 32bit, on 64bit}} | <!--3D-->{{No|working on 32bit, on 64bit}} | <!--Analogue-->{{N/A}} | <!--Digital-->{{partial|working on DP1 until grub on 32bit and 64bit, on 64bit}} | <!--Comments-->2009 25w low performance - G98s with 8 shading units, 4 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 1.0 x16 - *not working some NVIDIA Quadro NVS 295 2 dp ports (DELL, HP), *working |- | <!--Description-->NVS 450 (256M/512 MB DDR3) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{partial|2 or 4 dp ports}} | <!--Comments-->2009 25w low performance *not working *working |- | <!--Description-->GT310 Tesla 310, 315, GT 320, GT 330 GT 340 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2010 50w OpenGL 3.3 openCL all similar in performance to GT2xx except gt31x (poor) |- | <!--Description-->Quadro NVS310 NVIDIA NVS 310 P2014 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{No| }} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{N/A}} | <!--Digital-->{{No| 2 dp}} | <!--Comments-->2012 25w GF119S (GF119-825-A1) 48 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 2.0 x16 - 512 MB DDR3 - PureVideo VP5 VDPAU Feature Set D - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description--> GTX 470, GTX 480 GF10 GF10* core (NVC0 family) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2010 215w 2x6 plugs - NVC0 family (Fermi) GF100 (GF100-275-A3) Fermi 448 shading units, 56 texture mapping units, and 40 ROPs with 1,280 MB GDDR5 - up to OpenGL4.5 OpenCL1.1 Tessellation - case dual slots - |- | Geforce GTX460 460GTX (G104) 256bit, 1GB v2 192bit and GTX 465 | 0x10de | 0x0e22 | 0xa1 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA }} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox cube 055-111 cube2 50}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->NVC0 family (Fermi) up to OpenGL 4.x but - 2x6pin psu - case dual slots - * not working evga 768MB GDDR5 192bit 01G-P3-1373-ER or 01G-P3-1372-TR * works 1GB GDDR5 256bit 01G-P3-1371-ER |- | <!--Description-->Geforce GTX 460SE 192bit | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID-->0x0e23 | <!--Revision-->0x91 or 0xa1 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Comments-->2010 - 2 6pin psu needed - case dual slots - * not working * works EVGA 01g-p3-1366-b6 et 1024MB p1041 - |- | Geforce GT450 GTS450 450GTS GF106 | 0x10de | 0x0dc4 | 0x0a1 | <!--2D-->{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke }} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox cube cube2 50 Quake3 }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|DVI }} | 2010 Hardware up to OpenGL 4.2 but nouveau set at 3.3 - most need 1x 6pin psu - case dual slots - * not working * DDR3 1 or 2GB - Palit NEAS450NHD41F, * GDDR5 512Mb or 1GB - MSI MPN N450GTSM2D1GD5OC, Asus MPN ENGTS450DI1GD5, * works Gainward Card Expert NE5S4500FHd51, |- | <!--Description-->GT 440 GF108 chipset or better OEM GF106 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel Text}} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2010 up to openGl 4.1 opencl 1.x - no 6 pin psu - 96 cuda cores 128bit - case dual slots - * not working * OEM * GDDR5 512MB to 1GB ASUSTeK ENGT440/DI/1GD5 * GDDR3 Asus 1gb to 2gb, * works |- | <!--Description-->GT430 430GT (GF108) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|6.11 Pixel Text}} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2010 ddr3 memory 64bit or 128bit - buggy on Aros 32bit but better on * not working * works |- | <!--Description-->nVidia Quadro FX1800 768MB GDDR3 Full Height Graphics Card Workstation | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel Text}} | <!--3D-->{{no|6.11 tunnel gearbox}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital-->{{Maybe|DVI-I 2xDP}} | <!--Comments-->59W 768 MB GDDR3 memory using a 192-bit memory interface - OpenGL 3.3 - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description-->GTX 590 Fermi | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No|6.11 }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->OpenGL4.4 OpenCL 1.1 - GDDR5 - 6pin and 8pin psu connectors - 512 cuda - case dual slots - * not working * works |- | <!--Description-->GTX 580, | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No|6.11 }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->PureVideo HD 5" or "VP5" (Nvidia Feature Set D or VDPAU Feature Set D) 4k UHD 3840 × 2160 H.264 decode - |- | <!--Description-->GTX 570, | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe|6.11 }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments--> * not working Zotac GTX 570, Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, * works gigabyte, evga |- | <!--Description-->Geforce 5xx 560gtx Fermi GTX 560, | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No|6.11 }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->opengl 4.x - 2 6pin psu - 384 cuda cores - case dual slots - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - * not working Asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5, * Ti LE 448 cuda GDDR5 320bit * Ti 256bit * works |- | <!--Description-->GTX 560 Ti | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No|6.11 }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments--> * not working evga GTX 560Ti 01GP31560KR - Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, * works |- | <!--Description-->GTX 550 Ti | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID-->0x1201 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA Doom Doom2 Duke }} | <!--3D-->{{No|6.11 }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->can hang on boot up on I2C Init or suffer random lockups on OpenGL apps - most need 1 6pin min 400W 24A on the +12V1 / +12V2 dual 12V rails of the computers' power supply unit - 192 cuda cores - case dual slots used - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - * not working eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31556KR) - * untested asus Extreme, eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31557KR) - - * works |- | <!--Description-->GT 545 and OEM GF116 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No|6.11 }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->openGL 4.2 opencl 1.x - GDDR5 with OEM only - |- | <!--Description-->GT530 OEM | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel Text}} | <!--3D-->{{No|6.11 }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->96 cuda cores - 1GB or 2GB DDR3 128bit |- | <!--Description-->GT520 520GT | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D}} | <!--3D-->{{No|6.11 }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->untested 48 cuda cores - DDR3 64bit |- | <!--Description-->510, GT 530 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D 6.11 Pixel Text}} | <!--3D-->{{No|6.11 }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments--> ddr 3 - 50w max - |- | <!--Description-->GT610 Fermi GF119 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No|6.11 }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2012 |- | <!--Description-->NVS 315 300 GF119S | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{No|VESA}} needs special dms-59 cable | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2013 fermi 315 PNY VCNVS315-T 1Gb DDR3 but needs special dms-59 cable - |- | <!--Description-->GT630 GF108 Fermi | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2013 - like the GT730 below - 96 cuda cores whilst kepler version has 384 - 128bit to keplers' 64bit bandwidth - kepler has 2GB DDR3 * not working Gigabyte * DDR3 * GDDR5 * works |- | <!--Description-->Geforce GT 730 (two versions) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe| use VESA 6.11 Pixel Text}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2013 fermi version has 96 cuda cores 128bit GF108 * not working Asus * works |- | <!--Description-->nVIDIA Quadro 4000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} 2 dp ports | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2013 142W 2Gb GDDR5 - PCI Express 2.0 x16 ; full Height card with 1x 6-Pin PCIe power need - CUDA Cores 256 - OpenGL 4.5 |- | <!--Description-->nVIDIA Quadro 5000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2011 200W 2.5Gb GDDR5 320 bit - PCI Express 2.0 x16 full Height card with 2x 6-Pin PCIe power need - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description-->GeForce GTX Titan GeForce GTX Titan Black GeForce GTX Titan Z | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->NVE0 family (Kepler) GeForce 600 GeForce 700 GeForce GTX Titan Kepler |- | <!--Description-->GeForce GTX 780 GeForce GTX 780 Ti | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->PureVideo HD 6" or "VP6" (Nvidia Feature Set E or VDPAU Feature Set E) significantly improved performance when decoding H.264 and MPEG-2 |- | <!--Description-->GeForce GTX 770 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->opengl 4.4 opencl 1.1 |- | <!--Description-->GeForce GTX 760 GeForce GTX 760 Ti | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce GT 740 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce GT 730 Kepler (two versions) f | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments--> kepler 384 cores 64bit GK208 |- | <!--Description-->680gtx GK104 core gtx680 680m | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->NVE0 family (Kepler) |- | <!--Description-->GTX 690 Kepler NVE0 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->pci-e 3.0, OpenGL 4.4 OpenCL 1.1 |- | <!--Description-->GTX 670 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GTX 660 GTX 660 Ti GK104 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 |- | <!--Description-->GTX 650 GTX 650 Ti GTX 650 Ti Boost | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2012 NVE0 family (Kepler) most need 1 6pin psu * not working asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5 * works |- | <!--Description-->Geforce GT 640 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2012 * 128bit DDR3 * 192bit DDR3 1.5 to 3GB 50W * 128bit GDDR5 75W |- | <!--Description-->GT 620 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 |- | <!--Description-->Quadro K2000 NVE7 (GK107GL) Kepler IRQ 11(A) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID-->0x0ffe | <!--Revision-->0xa1 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2013 - 50w single slot pcie 2.0 - like 740gs - |- | <!--Description-->NVIDIA® Quadro® K4200 GK104 Kepler | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2014 4Gb GDDR5 - 108W 1 6pin - |- | <!--Description-->NVIDIA® Quadro® K420 1GB DDR3 Kepler | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2014 41W - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 750ti | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No| }} | <!--Comments-->2015 [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/FeatureMatrix.html NV110] Maxwell - |- | <!--Description-->Nvidia GTX 750 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID-->0x1381 | <!--Revision-->0xa2 | <!--2D-->{{yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{yes| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{yes|vga on 64bit test }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk|not dp }} | <!--Comments-->2014 and tested in 2026 with latest nouveau test |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Quadro K2200 (GM107) Maxwell | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2014 - 68w single slot pcie 2.0 - |- | <!--Description-->Quadro K620 Maxwell | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No| }} | <!--Comments-->2014 50w slim low profile 2gb ddr3 - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NV12B (GM20B) Tegra X1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{no| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No| }} | <!--Comments-->2015 GM206 2nd gen maxwell PureVideo HD 7" or "VP7" (Nvidia Feature Set F or VDPAU Feature Set F) adds full hardware-decode of H.265 HEVC Version 1 (Main and Main 10 profiles and full fixed function VP9 (video codec) hardware decoding |- | <!--Description-->NV124 (GM204) GeForce GTX 980 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID-->0x13c0 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--2D-->{{yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{yes| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NV124 (GM204) GeForce GTX 970 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID-->0x13c2 | <!--Revision-->0xa1 | <!--2D-->{{yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{yes| }} | <!--Digital-->{{no| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NV126 (GM206) GeForce GTX 960 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NV126 (GM206) GeForce GTX 950 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{yes| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{yes| }} | <!--Digital-->{{yes| }} | <!--Comments-->2016 |- | <!--Description-->NV120 (GM200) GeForce GTX Titan X | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2016 |- | <!--Description-->Quadro M4000 (GM204) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2015 120W 1664 cuda cores |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description-->NV132 (GP102) NVIDIA Titan (X, Xp), GeForce GTX 1080 Ti | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2017 probably little support |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2017 probably little support |- | <!--Description-->NV134 (GP104) GeForce GTX 1080 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2017 probably little support |- | <!--Description-->NV134 (GP104) GeForce GTX 1070 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2017 probably little support - 2 6pin psu ports - |- | <!--Description-->NV136 (GP106) GeForce GTX 1060 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2017 probably little support up to OpenGL 4.6 |- | <!--Description-->quadro p620 2gb gddr5 128bit and quadro p1000 4gb gt1030 30w | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No| }} | <!--Comments-->2017 50w slim low profile - |- | <!--Description-->GeForce gtx 1060 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No| }} | <!--Comments-->NV130 Pascal |- | <!--Description-->NV137 (GP107) GeForce GTX (1050, 1050 Ti) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2017 probably little support |- | <!--Description-->NV138 (GP108) GeForce GT 1030 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2017 probably little support |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->NV130 family (Pascal) |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description-->NV162 (TU102) NVIDIA Titan RTX, GeForce RTX 2080 Ti | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2018 needs gsp firmware and latest nouveau version |- | <!--Description-->NV164 (TU104) GeForce RTX (2070 Super, 2080, 2080 Super) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No| }} | <!--Comments-->2019 NV160 family (Turing) unified gsp-rm firmware - best starting point for Vulkan support |- | <!--Description-->NV166 (TU106) GeForce RTX (2060, 2060 Super, 2070) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2019 |- | <!--Description-->NV168 (TU116) GeForce GTX (1650 Super, 1660, 1660 Ti, 1660 Super) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No| }} | <!--Comments-->2018 |- | <!--Description-->NV167 (TU117) GeForce GTX 1650 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2019 |- | <!--Description-->gtx 1650ti super | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No| }} | <!--Comments-->2018 old style |- | <!--Description-->Quadro RTX 4000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2019 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description-->NV172 (GA102) GeForce RTX (3080, 3090) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No| }} | <!--Comments-->2020 av1 decoding ampere |- | <!--Description-->NV174 (GA104) GeForce RTX (3060 Ti, 3070, 3080 Mobile) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2020 NV170 family (Ampere) |- | <!--Description-->NV176 (GA106) GeForce RTX (3050, 3060) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2021 |- | <!--Description-->NV177 (GA107) GeForce RTX 3050 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description-->NV192 (AD102) GeForce RTX 4090 ada | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2022 |- | <!--Description-->NV193 (AD103) GeForce RTX 4080 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->NV190 family (Ada Lovelace) |- | <!--Description-->NV194 (AD104) GeForce RTX (4070, 4070 Ti) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NV196 (AD106) GeForce RTX 4060 Ti | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NV197 (AD107) GeForce RTX 4060 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description-->Geforce RTX 5090 blackwell GB202 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Quadro RTX Pro 4000 Blackwell | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments-->2024 70w - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Comments--> |} ==== nouveau mobile integrated ==== If you purchased a notebook with an NVidia sticker on it, most of the time you have a optimus based one, ie Intel CPU+GPU melded with Nvidia GPU, Optimus was slated at one point to go into desktop PCs but the industry ended up rejecting that concept {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="5%" | Description ! width="5%" | Vendor ID ! width="5%" | Product ID ! width="2%" | Rev ! width="5%" | 2D ! width="5%" | 3D ! width="5%" | Analog Output ! width="5%" | Digital Output ! width="5%" | Laptop LCD ! width=40%" | Comments |- | GeForce 6100 nForce 405 | 0x | 0x03D1 0x0242 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 6100 nForce 400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x03D2 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 6100 nForce 420 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x03D5 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 6150 LE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0241 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | GeForce 6150SE nForce 430 | 0x | 0x03D0 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | working |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 6150 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0240 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 7150M / nForce 630M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0531 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 7000M / nForce 610M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0533 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 7050 PV / NVIDIA nForce 630a | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x053A 0x053B | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | Geforce IGP 7025 nForce 630a | 0x | 0x053E | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|some}} | <!--3D-->{{Yes|some}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No| }} | some support on some chipsets |- | GeForce 7100 / nForce 630i (C73) | 0x10de | 0x07e1 | 0x0a2 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe}} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Maybe}} | <!--Digital-->{{Maybe}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | Icaros 2.0.3 and Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev. 1.0 but will not boot on [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=806.msg8765#new Acer x270 with Icaros 2.3] |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 7150 / NVIDIA nForce 630i | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x07E0 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 7050 / NVIDIA nForce 610i | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x07E3 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | Geforce IGP 8100 (nForce 720a) | 0x | 0x084F | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | |- | GeForce 8100P | 0x | 0x0847 | 0x0 | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | |- | <!--Description-->Geforce 8200 8300 nForce 730a | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x084A 0x0848 (GeForce 8300) 0x0849 (GeForce 8200) 0x084B (GeForce 8200) | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments-->working on some 8300's with Icaros 1.5 but others untested |- | <!--Description-->nForce 780a SLI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x084C | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->nForce 750a SLI | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID-->0x084D | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | Nvidia Geforce IGP 9300 (nForce MCP7a) | 0x10de | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--3D-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->works | |- | <!--Description-->9400 (ION) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID-->0x087d | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments-->If AROS detects GPU chipset, works sometimes |- | <!--Description-->9700M () | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | Geforce ION 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--3D-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments-->works well |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 6150 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0244 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 6100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0247 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 6200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0164 0x0167 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 6400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0166 0x0168 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments-->Sony Laptop |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 6800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x00C8 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 6800 Ultra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x00C9 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 6600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0144 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 6600 TE/6200 TE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0146 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 6600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0148 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 6600 GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0149 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 7200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x01D6 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 7300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x01D7 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 7400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x01D8 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D-->works 2D and 3d issues though | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 7800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x098 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 7800 GTX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0099 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 7950 GTX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0297 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 7900 GS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0298 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 7900 GTX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0299 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 7600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0398 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce Go 7600 GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0399 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 6610 XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0145 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 6700 XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0147 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 8700M GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0409 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 8600M GS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0425 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 8400M GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0426 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 8400M GS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0427 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 8400M G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0428 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 8800M GTS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0609 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 8800M GTX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x060C | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 9500M GS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0405 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 8600M GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0407 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 9650M GS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0408 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 9400M GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x042C | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 9300M G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x042E | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 9100M G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0844 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 9800M GTS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0628 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 9700M GTS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x062A | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 9800M GTS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x062C | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 9600M GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0647 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 9600M GS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0648 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 9600M GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0649 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 9500M G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x064B | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 9300M GS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x06E5 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 9200M GS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x06E8 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GeForce 9300M GS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x06E8 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NV50 (G80) Quadro FX (4600 (SDI), 5600) Quadro FX (2800M, 3600M, 3700, 3700M, 3800M, 4700 X2), VX 200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NV94 (G94) 9700M GTS, 9800M GTS, GeForce G 110M, GT 130(M), GT 140, Quadro FX (1800, 2700M) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NV84 (G84) Tesla 8700M GT, GeForce 9500M GS, 9650M GS Quadro FX (370, 570, 570M, 1600M, 1700), NVS 320M NV86 (G86) GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT, GeForce 9300M G Quadro FX 360M, NVS (130M, 135M, 140M, 290) GeForce GTS 150(M), GTS 160M, GTS 240, GTS 250, GTX (260M, 280M, 285M), GT (330, 340) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NV96 (G96) 9650M GT, 9700M GT GeForce G 102M, GT 120 Quadro FX (380, 580, 770M, 1700M) NV98 (G98) GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 9200M GS, 9300 (GE, GS, M GS) GeForce G 100, G 105M Quadro FX (370 LP, 370M), NVS (150M, 160M, 295, 420, 450) Quadro CX, FX (3800, 4800, 5800) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NVA3 (GT215) GeForce GT (240, 320, 335M), GTS (250M, 260M, 350M, 360M) Quadro FX 1800M NVA5 (GT216) GeForce GT (220, 230M, 240M, 325M, 330M), 315 Quadro 400, FX 880M, NVS 5100M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NVA8 (GT218) Tesla GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 210M, 305M, 310M, Quadro FX 380M, NVS 2100M, 3100M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NVAA (MCP77/MCP78) GeForce 8100, 8200, 8300 mGPU / nForce 700a series, 8200M G NVAC (MCP79/MCP7A) ION, GeForce 9300, 9400 mGPU / nForce 700i series, 8200M G, 9100M, 9400M (G) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NVAF (MCP89) GeForce 320M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->NVC0 (GF100) Fermi GeForce GTX 480M, Quadro 5000M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NVC1 (GF108) GeForce GT 415M, 420M, 425M, 435M, 520M, 525M, 540M, 550M, 555M, 630M, 635M, 640M LE, Quadro 1000M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NVC3 (GF106) Fermi GeForce GT 445M, 555M, 630M, 635M), GTX 460M, Quadro 2000M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NVC4 (GF104) GeForce GTX 470M, 485M, Quadro 5000M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NVCE (GF114) GeForce GTX 570M, 580M, 670M, 675M, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NVD7 (GF117) Fermi Geforce GT 620M, 625M, (some) 630M, 710M, 720M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NVD9 (GF119) Fermi GeForce 410M, GT 520M, 520MX, 610M, Quadro NVS 4200M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->NVE4 (GK104) GeForce GTX 670M, 680M, 775M, 780M, Quadro K3000M, K3100M, K4000M, K4100M, K5000M, K5100M, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->NVE7 (GK107) GeForce GT640M, 645M, 650M, 710M, 720M, 730M, 740M, 745M, 750M, 755M, GTX 660M, K500M, K1000M, K1100M, K2000M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Geforce gtx 760m GK106S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2013 like msi ge40 ge60 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Geforce GTX 860M GK104 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2014 slower than gtx 750 ti |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->Geforce GTX 860M GM107 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID-->0x1392 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2014 like a gtx 750 ti - |- | <!--Description-->Geforce GTX 850M GM107 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2014 slower than gtx 750 ti - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Geforce 980M GM204 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2015 like a 1050 ti - |- | <!--Description-->GTX 970M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GTX 960 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->GTX 950 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2015 |- |- | <!--Description-->Geforce M2000M | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10de | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{unk| }} | <!--3D-->{{unk| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{unk| }} | <!--Digital-->{{unk| }} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2016 55w |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Quadro P520 pascal | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2016 |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->GTX 1650 mobile | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2019 turing architecture - last old skool support pre Vulkan |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->rtx 2050 mobile | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2022 ampere architecture best starting point for vulkan support |- | <!--Description-->rtx 2060 mobile | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Rev | 2D | 3D | Analog Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->rtx 4060 mobile | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- |} ====radeon.hidd==== Michel Shultz ''2D'' graphics driver (standard on most distributions but only for very old GPUs) and bearsofts updated 2013 around Icaros 1.3.1 3D is not implemented by AROS yet but could cover these AMD chipsets <pre> 2014 SI AMD HD 7xxx 2016 GCN3rd AMD R5E R7E 2019 GCN5th AMD Vega 8 2022 RDNA1 AMD RX5500 desktop only 2023 RDNA2 AMD 680M 780M 2024 RDNA3 AMD 880M 890M 2025 RDNA3.5 AMD 8060S strix halo and AI 2027 RDNA4 AMD </pre> {| class="wikitable" ! Description ! Vendor ID ! Product ID ! Revision ! 2D ! 3D ! Analogue Output ! Digital Output ! Comments |- | 7000 (r100) | 0x1002 | 0x5159 | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Maybe|vga15 pin connection but not s-video}} | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|DVI}} | <!--Comments-->openGL 1.3 |- | 7500 (rv200 but still r100 based) | 0x1002 | 0x5157 | 0x | <!--2D-->{{Yes}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Yes|vga15}} | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|DVI}} | <!--Comments-->openGL 1.3 |- | 8000 8500 (r200) | 0x1002 | 0x514c (8500LE) | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->openGL 1.4 |- | 9000 9100 9250 (r200) | 0x1002 | 0x5964 (9000) 0x514d (9100) | 0x0001 | <!--2D-->{{Yes}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue-->{{Maybe|VGA15 but not s-video}} | <!--Digital-->{{Yes|DVI}} | <!--Comments-->openGL 1.4 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | 9600 9800 (r300) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->openGL 2.1 |- | x300 x600 (r300) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->openGL 2.1 |- | x700, x800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r420]) | 0x | 0x554d (R430 x800xl) | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|new driver}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->openGL 2.1 - x800 XL PCIE (problem with mouse-pointer, some part of the pointer is not transparent) |- | x1300 x1550 x1600 x1800 x1900 x1950 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R520 r520]) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Yes|new driver}} | <!--3D-->{{no}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->openGL 2.1 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | HD2400 HD2600 HD2900 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r600]) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|some features with new driver}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> openGL 3.3 open CL 1.2 TeraScale architecture |- | HD3400 HD3600 HD3800 (r600) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|some features with new driver}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->pci-e 2.0, openGL 3.3 |- | HD4300 HD4500 HD4600 HD4700 HD4800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r700]) | 0x1002 | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|but some later cards need 3D engine for faster and more flexible 2D now}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->openGL 3.3 - DDR3 - GDDR5 was one of AMD's aces for the 4800 series - 4670 liked - |- | HD6900 cayman series | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|some features with new driver}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> openGL 3.3 open CL not mature (2014) - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | HD5400 Series HD5430 HD5450 HD5470 | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2010 openGL 3.3 openCL - GDDR3 - |- | HD5500 Series HD5550 HD5570 HD5600 Series HD5650 HD5670 HD5700 Series HD5750 HD5770 | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->openGL 3.3 openCL - GDDR5 |- | HD 5800 Series HD5850 HD5870 HD5900 Series HD5950 HD5970 - HD6xxx not NI chipset ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_(GPU_family) r800 evergreen]) | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2009 openGL 3.3 openCL - DDR5 pci-e 2.1 best avoided for all pci-e 1.0 mobos - Ati TeraScale2 architecture - |- | HD6450 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Islands_(GPU_family) Northern Islands chipset] | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> - DDR3 - |- | HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6570 HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6670 | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2011 - DDR5 - Radeon HD 8470 11 TeraScale 2 Radeon HD 8350 11 TeraScale 2 Radeon HD 7510 11 TeraScale 2 Radeon HD 6550D 11 TeraScale 2 Radeon HD 6530D 11 TeraScale 2 Radeon HD 6410D 11 TeraScale 2 Radeon HD 6370D 11 TeraScale 2 Radeon HD 6320 11 TeraScale 2 Radeon HD 6310 11 TeraScale 2 Radeon HD 6290 11 TeraScale 2 Radeon HD 6250 11 TeraScale 2 |- | HD6800 Series HD6850 HD6870 HD6700 Series HD6790 to HD6990 | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2011 - DDR5 - AMD TeraScale3 - |- | <!--Description-->HD7450-HD7670 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Comments-->2012 OpenGL but not Vulkan Radeon HD 7660D 11 TeraScale 3 Radeon HD 7560D 11 TeraScale 3 Radeon HD 7540D 11 TeraScale 3 Radeon HD 7480D 11 TeraScale 3 Radeon HD 6930 11 TeraScale 3 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description-->HD7750 HD 7770 / R7 250X HD7850 HD7870 / R9 270X HD 7950 / R9 280 HD 7970 / R9 280X [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Islands_(GPU_family) Southern Islands] *AMD Radeon R7 250XE Cape Verde XT *AMD Radeon R7 M465X Cape Verde *AMD Radeon R9 255 Cape Verde PRX *AMD Radeon HD 7750 Cape Verde PRO *AMD Radeon R7 250E Cape Verde PRO *AMD Radeon HD 8740 Cape Verde PRO *AMD Radeon HD 7730 Cape Verde LE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Comments-->2012 pci-e 3.0 1st Gen GCN architecture - |- | <!--Description-->R5 430, FirePro W2100, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Comments-->2015 50W+ openGL openCL 1/3 speed of gtx750ti 1st gen gcn1 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description-->HD7790 [ Sea Islands ] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Comments-->2013 openGL 4.1 open CL - GCN2.0 Vulkan 1.0 introduced a Shader Engine (SE) comprising one geometry processor, up to 44 CUs (Hawaii chip), rasterizers, ROPs, and L1 cache and Graphics Command Processor for faster audio/video - suits Vulkan 1.1 |- | <!--Description-->r5 240 240x (slow) R7 250 250x (faster) HD 7790 / R7 260 260X / R7 360 to R5 350 (fast) and last one R5 430 OEM Plus (slow again) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Comments-->2013 50W+ GCN 1st gen - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.0 |- | <!--Description-->R9 290 / R9 390 R9 290X / R9 390X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Comments-->2014 GCN 1.1 2nd Gen architecture - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.1 - |- | <!--Description-->R9 Fury Nano | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2015 GCN 1.2 3rd Gen - openGL openCL vulkan |- | <!--Description-->r-200 series r8 275 285 295 375 [Volcanic Islands] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Comments-->2015 GCN1.2 - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.2 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2015 75W [https://gpuopen.com/download/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf GCN3] |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description-->Radeon™ RX 400/500 Series like rx vega 580 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->Radeon™ Pro W5700/W5500 Series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD Radeon Pro WX 3200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2017 70W single slot - GCN4 - like GTX 750Ti - |- | <!--Description-->Pro WX 5100 7100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2017 75W GCN4 - GTX 750 Ti speed stock, oc possible - single slot - |- | <!--Description-->AMD Radeon Pro WX 8100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2018 230W GCN5 2 slot card - like AMD 5600XL or GTX 1070Ti - 1x 6-pin + 1x 8-pin power - |- | <!--Description-->Radeon™ Pro WX 9100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2017 Vega 10 2 slot card - GCN5 - like a rtx2060 or GTX 1080 - |- | <!--Description-->Radeon™ RX 5700/5600/5500 Series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2021 GCN 4 - OpenGL 4, Vulkan 1.3 - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description-->Radeon™ RX 7900 Series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->7600 series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2023 170W dual slot - Navi 33 RDNA3.0 - |- | <!--Description-->Radeon™ RX 6900/6800/6700 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->6600/6500 Series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Comments |- | <!--Description-->9060 9070 Navi IV (RX 9000) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2025 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->9050 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments-->2026 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Comments--> |} ==== amd radeon mobile integrated ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="5%" | Description ! width="5%" | Vendor ID ! width="5%" | Product ID ! width="2%" | Rev ! width="5%" | 2D ! width="5%" | 3D ! width="5%" | Analog Output ! width="5%" | Digital Output ! width="5%" | Laptop LCD ! width=40%" | Comments |- | <!--Description-->ATI RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1002 | <!--Product ID-->0x5a62 0x5955 0x5974 (200m) | <!--Revision-->0x00 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Mobility Radeon 7500 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1002 | <!--Product ID-->0x4c57 (7500) | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Mobility Radeon 9000 | 0x1002 | 0x4966 (9000) | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->Mobility Radeon 9500 9550 (rv360) 9600 (rv350) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Mobility Radeon 9800 (rv420) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Mobility Radeon X300 (RV370) X600 (RV380) | 0x1002 | 0x (RV370) 0x5657 (RV380) | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Mobility Radeon X700 (RV410) X800 (RV423) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Mobility Radeon X1200 (RS69M0) | 0x1002 | 0x791f | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->X1200 IGP (RS690) |- | <!--Description-->Mobility Radeon X1300 X1350 X1400(rv515) X1600 (rv530) X1650 (RV535) X1800 (rv520) x1900 (rv570) | 0x1002 | 0x71c7 (X1650) | 0x009e | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Mobility Radeon 2100 | 0x1002 | 0x796e (2100) | 0x0 | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No|}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Mobility Radeon HD 2400 (rv610) HD2600 (rv630) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Mobility Radeon HD 3100 HD3200 HD3450 3470 (RS780MC RV620) 3670 (M86-XT RV635) HD3870 (M88-LXT RV670) | 0x1002 | 0x9610 and 0x9612 (HD3200) 0x9614 (HD3300) | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Mobility Radeon HD 4200 4250 (RV620) | 0x1002 | 0x (HD4200) 0x9715 (HD4250) | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Mobility Radeon HD 4330 4530 4550 (M92 RV710) 4650 (M96-XT RV730) 4670 RV730XT 4830 (M97 RV740) 4850 (M98 RV770) | 0x1002 | 0x (HD4350) 0x9442 (RV770) 0x9490 (HD4670) | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->untested |- | <!--Description-->Mobility Radeon HD 530v (M92 RV710) HD 550v (M96 RV730) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->no support yet |- | <!--Description-->Mobility Radeon HD 5430 HD5650 (cedar Park LP) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->no support yet |- | <!--Description-->Radeon HD 6250 6290 6310 6320 6350M (Redwood Capilano PRO) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No}} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{No}} | <!--Comments-->no support yet |- | <!--Description-->AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G Northern Islands | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2013 Last real support for old graphics standard before Vulkan takeover |- | <!--Description-->R5 M230 M240 M255 - R7 M260 M265 (Kaveri Crystal series with Mantle and HSA) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments-->2015 Maybe better with Vulkan |- | <!--Description-->R5E R7E | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1002 | <!--Product ID-->0x9851 0x98 | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments-->2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) |- | <!--Description-->AMD Vega 3, 6, 8, 11 iGP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2018 raven ridge GCN 5th Gen |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->5500m 5600m 5800m | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->rx680m | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->phoenix apu 1103 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2022 RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} ==== AMDGPU Vulkan desktop ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="5%" | Description ! width="5%" | Vendor ID ! width="5%" | Product ID ! width="2%" | Rev ! width="5%" | 2D ! width="5%" | 3D ! width="5%" | Analog Output ! width="5%" | Digital Output ! width="5%" | Laptop LCD ! width=40%" | Comments |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->Kaveri 290 290X, 260 260X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2015 AMDGPU Vulkan |- | <!--Description-->R9 285 / R9 380 R9 380X Fury / Fury X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->opengl 4 opencl 1 3rd Gen GCN architecture |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->RX470 RX460 RX480 RX580 polaris10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 |- | <!--Description-->RX460 RX560D polaris11 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 |- | <!--Description-->RX580 polaris20 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->RX 5000 5500 Navi 1x | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->RNDA 1 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->RX 6000 Navi 2x | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->RNDA 2 Mesa 21.3 decode av1 |- | <!--Description-->RX6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->RX 7000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2022 RNDA 3 navi |- | <!--Description-->RX7000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue-->{{No| }} | <!--Digital-->{{No|nothing}} | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->RX9070 rx 9060 XT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2025 rdna4 navi |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2026 udna (aka rdna5) |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- |} ==== AMDGPU Vulkan mobile ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="5%" | Description ! width="5%" | Vendor ID ! width="5%" | Product ID ! width="2%" | Rev ! width="5%" | 2D ! width="5%" | 3D ! width="5%" | Analog Output ! width="5%" | Digital Output ! width="5%" | Laptop LCD ! width=40%" | Comments |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->R5E R7E | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments-->2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) |- | <!--Description-->Vega 8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> GCN 5 |- | <!--Description-->Vega iGP 3, 6, 8, 11 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->2018 raven ridge - Graphics Core Next (GCN) 5th gen - |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->5500m 5600m 5800m | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->rx680m | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description-->phoenix apu 1103 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--3D-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments-->RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD-->{{N/A}} | <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | 2D | 3D | Analogue Output | Digital Output | Laptop LCD | Comments |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--2D--> | <!--3D--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} fyi if a notebooks with two graphic cards, the integrated Intel card (id 0x7d) for low power usage and a discrete Radeon card (id 0x56) which should be used for GPU-intensive applications. By default the Intel card is always used [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ATI Gallium Radeon HD] is not ported yet but is [https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-5.9-AMDGPU-Stats really big] and complex so another solution may have to be [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/the-graphics-acceleration-can-of-worms/10515/5 found] like [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/vulkan-lavapipe-software-rendering-is-working-on-haiku/11363/10 vulkan] where support starts from very recent ISA GCN islands HD7000s cards only *Vulkan *Gallium Vulkan software renderer allows to prepares the infrastructure for hardware rendering. Primary difference between software and hardware renderer is output to regular RAM vs GPU RAM, the rest is almost the same. It is possible to render to GPU RAM offscreen. bare bones basics data flow application,>>> api/opengl/vulkan>>>>, jit compiler, >>>>memory manger, >>>>gpu hardware so you need to have a compiler that takes your api call/program/shaders/drawing commands and turns them into a program the gpu can render. the vulkan to amd gpu compiler for shaders and textures is nearly os agnostic iirc as long as you have solid posix compliance Unlike OpenGL, Vulkan does not depend on windowing system and it have driver add-on system with standardized API (Mesa also have OpenGL driver add-ons, but it have non-standard Mesa-specific API). OpenGL may need more work for windowing system related code at this point but developing Vulkan on real hardware is more strategic than developing OpenGL, since now Zink 3 running on Vulkan compensates for the lack of OpenGL support by giving performance similar to native accelerated OpenGL RadeonGfx use client-server model with client-server thread pairs. For each client thread that calls 3D acceleration API, server side thread is created. If client thread terminates, server side thread also exit. ==Rough gfx comparison== <pre> Group 1 GeForce RTX 5090 5070 5060 5050 GeForce RTX 4090 4070 4060 4050 Group 2 Radeon 6700 XT GeForce RTX 2080 Super Radeon RX 6700 GeForce RTX 2070 Super Radeon 5700 XT GeForce RTX 2070 Radeon RX 7600 Quadro RTX 5000 Radeon PRO W6600 GeForce RTX 2060 12GB Radeon PRO W7500 Quadro GP100 Radeon RX 6800S GeForce RTX 3070 Laptop GPU GeForce GTX 1080 GeForce RTX 3060 8GB Quadro RTX 4000 Radeon Pro W5700 Radeon RX 6600 GeForce RTX 2080 (Mobile) GeForce RTX 2060 Super Radeon RX 7700S Radeon RX 6700S Radeon RX 6600S Quadro RTX 5000 (Mobile) GeForce GTX 1070 Ti GeForce RTX 4050 Laptop GPU Radeon Pro Vega 64X Radeon RX 5700 Radeon RX Vega 64 GeForce RTX 2060 GeForce RTX 2070 Super with Max-Q Design Group 3 Radeon RX 6600M GeForce GTX 1070 Radeon RX 6650M GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU Radeon RX Vega 56 Radeon RX 6700M GeForce RTX 2080 with Max-Q Design Radeon RX 6800M GeForce GTX 980 Ti Radeon R9 Fury GeForce GTX 980 Quadro M5500 Radeon R9 390X Radeon RX 580 Radeon RX 5500 Radeon RX 6550M GeForce GTX 1660 Ti with Max-Q Design GeForce GTX 780 Ti GeForce GTX 970 Radeon R9 290X Radeon RX 480 Radeon RX 5600M Quadro RTX 3000 with Max-Q Design Radeon R9 290X / 390X Ryzen 5 4600HS with Radeon Graphics Radeon R9 290 Radeon Pro 5500 XT Radeon R9 M490 * GeForce GTX 780 Radeon RX 6500M Quadro M5500 GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design Radeon RX 6500 Radeon RX 5300 Intel Arc A770M GeForce GTX 1650 Ti Radeon Pro 580X Radeon RX 6400 GeForce RTX 2050 Ryzen 9 4900HS with Radeon Graphics Radeon Ryzen 9 6900HS GeForce GTX 980M Quadro M5000M Radeon RX 6300 GeForce GTX 1650 Ti with Max-Q Design Radeon Pro 570 Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics GeForce GTX 1050 Ti Quadro M4000M Radeon R9 280X 380X GeForce GTX 1650 with Max-Q Design GeForce MX570 Radeon R9 280X Radeon R9 380 Radeon 780M GeForce GTX 960 GeForce GTX 970M Quadro M4000M * GeForce GTX 680 Group 4 Radeon RX 6500M Quadro M5500 Radeon Pro WX 7100 GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design GeForce GTX 1650 Intel Arc A730M Radeon HD 7970 Radeon R9 M395X Radeon R9 M485X Radeon R9 M480 * Radeon R9 M295X Radeon R9 M390X * FirePro W7170M * Radeon R9 M395 Radeon R7 370 Radeon RX 5500M GeForce GTX 590 GeForce GTX 880M GeForce GTX 950 Radeon R9 270X GeForce GTX 660 Ti GeForce GTX 760 GeForce GTX 780M Quadro K5100M GeForce GTX 680MX Radeon HD 7870 GeForce GTX 965M Quadro M3000M * GeForce GTX 870M Radeon R9 M290X Radeon HD 8970M Radeon Ryzen 7 7735U (680M), Radeon Ryzen 7 7735HS (680M 12C) GeForce GTX 580 Radeon HD 6970 GeForce GTX 1050 GeForce GTX 680M GeForce GTX 775M GeForce GTX 1630 FirePro M6100 Radeon HD 7970M Radeon R9 M390 * GeForce GTX 750 Ti Group 5 GeForce GTX 570 GeForce GTX 480 GeForce GTX 960M Quadro M2000M * Quadro K5000M Quadro K4100M GeForce GTX 770M GeForce GTX 860M GeForce GTX 675MX GeForce GTX 950M GeForce GTX 850M Quadro M1000M Radeon R9 M280X Radeon HD 7950M * GeForce GTX 560 Ti Radeon HD 6870 GeForce GTX 470 GeForce GT 1030 GeForce MX330 Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE with Radeon Graphics Ryzen 7 5800HS FirePro 3D V8800 GeForce MX250 Group 6 Radeon Pro WX 3200 Ryzen 7 PRO 5750G with Radeon Graphics Radeon Ryzen 5 5600H Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G with Radeon Graphics Radeon Ryzen 7 5800U Ryzen 7 7730U with Radeon Graphics Radeon Ryzen 7 5825U Radeon Pro WX 4150 Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655G Ryzen 5 4600G with Radeon Graphics Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655GE GeForce GTX 485M FirePro W6150M Ryzen 7 5800U with Radeon Graphics Ryzen 5 7530U with Radeon Graphics Ryzen 7 4800U with Radeon Graphics Radeon R9 M470 Ryzen 3 PRO 5350G with Radeon Graphics Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 3 5300U Ryzen 7 5825U with Radeon Graphics Ryzen 5 PRO 4400G with Radeon Graphics Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE Radeon Ryzen 7 4800U FirePro V7900 Radeon HD 5970 Radeon Ryzen 7 7700X 8-Core Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G Radeon Ryzen 5 4400G Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE Radeon RX 550X FirePro V8800 Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 5 5500U GeForce MX150 Quadro K3100M Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics Radeon HD 6970M Radeon R7 250X Intel HD 5600 Ryzen 3 4300GE with Radeon Graphics GeForce GTX 460 Ryzen 7 5700U with Radeon Graphics Radeon Ryzen 5 7530U Quadro K620 Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE with Radeon Graphics Intel Iris Pro P580 Intel UHD Graphics P630 Ryzen 5 4600H with Radeon Graphics Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U with Radeon Graphics Radeon HD 5870 Radeon HD 6870 Ryzen 7 4700G with Radeon Graphics Ryzen 5 5600U with Radeon Graphics Radeon HD 7770 Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G with Radeon Graphics Radeon Ryzen 5 5625U GeForce GTX 745 Radeon Ryzen 7 4850U Mobile Radeon Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U Quadro M600M Radeon Ryzen 5 5500U Ryzen 5 5560U with Radeon Graphics Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics Group 7 GeForce 945M Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE with Radeon Graphics FirePro M5100 Radeon Ryzen 5 5600U Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U GeForce GTX 580M Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U with Radeon Graphics Ryzen 3 5300GE with Radeon Graphics Radeon R9 M385 Quadro 5000MGK106S Radeon Ryzen 7 4700U Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U with Radeon Graphics Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U Ryzen 7 4700U with Radeon Graphics Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U with Radeon Graphics FirePro V7800 Radeon R9 350 Ryzen 3 4300G with Radeon Graphics Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3350G Radeon Ryzen 5 5560U GeForce GTX 460 SE Radeon Pro W5500M Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400G Ryzen 5 5500U with Radeon Graphics Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U with Radeon Graphics GeForce GT 645 GeForce GTX 765M Radeon R9 M385X Ryzen 5 5625U with Radeon Graphics Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U with Radeon Graphics Radeon HD 5850 Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400G Intel Iris Pro 580 Radeon HD 6850 Intel Iris Xe MAX Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U Radeon Ryzen 5 7600 6-Core GeForce GTX 470M Ryzen 3 5300G with Radeon Graphics GeForce GTX 670MX Radeon RX 640 Qualcomm Adreno Gen 3 Radeon R7 450 GeForce GTX 675M Radeon Pro WX 4130 Intel Iris Xe MAX 100 Quadro 5000 Radeon RX 570X Radeon HD 7700-serie Ryzen 5 4600U with Radeon Graphics Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE with Radeon Graphics Radeon Vega 8 Group 8 GeForce MX230 GeForce GTX 765M Quadro K4000M Iris Pro Graphics P580 * Iris Pro Graphics 580 * GeForce GTX 645 Quadro M520 GeForce GTX 570M GeForce MX130 Radeon RX 540 Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U Intel UHD Graphics 770 Radeon RX Vega 11 Ryzen 7 3750H Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400GE Radeon HD 5850 GeForce GTX 675M GeForce GTX 580M Radeon HD 6990M Radeon R9 M385X * Radeon R9 M470X * Radeon R9 M470 * Radeon R9 M385 * Radeon R9 M380 * Radeon R9 M370X Radeon R9 M275 Radeon HD 7770 GeForce GTX 485M GeForce GTX 460 768MB Radeon HD 6790 GeForce GTX 285M SLI Quadro K3100M FirePro W5170M * GeForce GTX 670MX Quadro 5010M GeForce GTX 760M GeForce GTX 670M Group 9 GeForce 940MX * Maxwell GPU (940M, GDDR5) FirePro M8900 Radeon HD 6970M Radeon R9 M270 Radeon HD 8870M Radeon HD 7870M Quadro K3000M GeForce GTX 570M FirePro M6000 FirePro M5100 Quadro K2100M Radeon HD 5770 GeForce GTX 550 Ti GeForce GTX 280M SLI Radeon HD 6950M Radeon R7 250 GeForce GT 755M GeForce GTX 660M GeForce 845M Radeon HD 8850M Radeon R9 M365X Radeon R9 M265X Ryzen 5 PRO 4400GE with Radeon Graphics FirePro W5130M * Radeon Vega 8 Ryzen 5 3500U Radeon HD 7850M Radeon HD 8790M FirePro W4170M FirePro W4190M FirePro W4100 Radeon Vega 6 Ryzen 3 3300U Quadro 4000M GeForce GTX 470M GeForce GTX 480M GeForce GT 750M Iris Pro Graphics 6200 Quadro K1100M GeForce 940M Radeon R9 M375 GeForce 930MX * Radeon R7 M380 * Radeon R7 M370 Quadro M600M * GeForce GT 650M Quadro K620M GeForce 840M Radeon R7 M275DX GeForce GT 745M Radeon HD 7770M GeForce GTX 560M Radeon R7 Iris Pro Graphics 5200 GeForce GT 740M GeForce 930M Radeon HD 4850 Group 10 Iris Graphics 550 * GeForce 830M Iris Graphics 540 Quadro M500M * Quadro K2000M GeForce GTS 450 GeForce GTX 260M SLI GeForce GT 735M Mobility Radeon HD 5870 GeForce 825M Quadro 5000M FirePro M4000 FirePro M7820 Radeon HD 6870M GeForce 9800M GTX SLI Radeon HD 8830M * Radeon HD 8770M Radeon R7 M260X GeForce GTX 460M GeForce 920MX * GeForce GT 730M Radeon HD 7750M GeForce GT 645M * FirePro M4100 Radeon HD 8750M Radeon R6 A10-9600P 4C+6G Quadro 3000M Radeon R7 M270 Radeon R7 M265 Quadro FX 3800M GeForce GTX 285M Mobility Radeon HD 4870 GeForce GT 640M Radeon R7 (Kaveri) Radeon R8 M365DX Radeon R7 M460 * Radeon HD 7730M Radeon R7 M360 GeForce GTX 280M Radeon HD 8690M Quadro FX 3700M Radeon R7 M340 GeForce 920M Radeon R6 M340DX HD Graphics 530 HD Graphics P530 Tegra X1 Maxwell GPU Radeon R7 M260 Radeon R6 Group 11 Mobility Radeon HD 4860 FirePro M7740 Mobility Radeon HD 4850 GeForce GTX 260M GeForce 9800M GTX Quadro FX 2800M Radeon HD 8670D Radeon HD 7690M XT FirePro M5950 GeForce GT 640M LE Radeon R6 (Kaveri) Radeon HD 8650M * Radeon HD 8730M Radeon HD 6770M GeForce GT 635M GeForce GT 555M Radeon R7 A10 PRO-7800B Radeon HD 5670 Mobility Radeon HD 5850 Radeon HD 6850M Quadro 2000M GeForce 9800M GT GeForce 8800M GTX Quadro FX 3600M GeForce GT 445M GeForce GTS 360M Group 12 GeForce GT 240 Radeon R7 PRO A10-9700 Radeon HD 7690M HD Graphics 5600 Radeon HD 8570D Radeon HD 8670M Radeon R6 M255DX Radeon HD 7660D Radeon HD 6750M Quadro K1000M GeForce GT 550M Radeon HD 8590M * GeForce GTS 260M GeForce GTS 160M GeForce 9800M GTS GeForce GT 430 Radeon HD 6830M Mobility Radeon HD 5830 Radeon HD 6730M * GeForce 9800M GS Mobility Radeon HD 4830 Mobility Radeon HD 5770 Radeon HD 6570M Radeon HD 8650G Radeon HD 7670M GeForce GT 630M Radeon HD 7560D GeForce GTS 150M * Radeon R5 M335 Radeon R5 M430 * Radeon R5 M330 Radeon R5 M255 Radeon Vega 3 Quadro 1000M GeForce 820M FirePro W2100 HD Graphics 520 620 Iris Graphics 6100 GeForce GT 720M GeForce 8800M GTS Radeon R5 M240 Radeon R5 M320 * Radeon R5 M230 Radeon R5 M315 * Mobility Radeon HD 5750 * Radeon HD 8570M Radeon R7 PRO A10-8850B HD Graphics 6000 Quadro K610M Radeon HD 8550M Iris Graphics 5100 GeForce GT 540M Mali-T880 MP12 * Radeon HD 8610G * Radeon HD 6650M HD Graphics 4600 Mobility Radeon HD 5730 HD Graphics 5500 Radeon R5 (Carrizo) * Radeon R5 (Kaveri) FirePro M5800 NVS 5400M GeForce 710M Radeon HD 7660G GeForce GT 435M HD Graphics 5000 Quadro K510M * Radeon HD 5570 Radeon HD 6550M Radeon HD 7590M * GeForce GTS 350M GeForce GTS 250M Radeon HD 6630M Radeon HD 7650M FirePro M2000 Radeon HD 7570M Radeon HD 7630M Quadro FX 1800M Mobility Radeon HD 5650 Radeon HD 8510G * Radeon HD 6530M Radeon HD 8550G Quadro K500M * GeForce GT 625M * GeForce GT 620M GeForce GT 525M Radeon HD 6550D * Radeon HD 7610M Radeon HD 7620G Radeon HD 8470D Radeon HD 7640G Adreno 530 GeForce ULP K1 (Tegra K1 Kepler GPU) HD Graphics 4400 HD Graphics 510 515 * NVS 5200M Mobility Radeon HD 565v Radeon HD 7550M Mobility Radeon HD 4670 GeForce GT 425M GeForce 9700M GTS Radeon HD 6645G2 * Quadro FX 2700M GeForce GT 335M Radeon HD 7600G Mobility Radeon HD 3870 Mobility Radeon HD 4650 GeForce GT 220 GeForce GT 420M Radeon HD 7530M * Mobility Radeon HD 3850 GeForce GT 330M Quadro FX 880M Quadro NVS 5100M GeForce GT 240M Radeon HD 7490M * HD Graphics 5300 Radeon HD 7510M * GeForce Go 7950 GTX Quadro FX 3500M GeForce 8700M GT SLI GeForce 9700M GT GeForce GT 230M Mobility Radeon HD 550v Radeon HD 7480D HD Graphics 4000 Mali-T760 MP8 Radeon HD 6620G HD Graphics (Broadwell) * Adreno 430 Radeon R5 (Beema/Carrizo-L) Radeon R4 (Beema) (Kaveri) HD Graphics (Skylake) * Radeon HD 6450 GDDR5 Radeon HD 7500G Radeon HD 8450G Radeon HD 7470M Radeon HD 6490M Radeon HD 8400 Mali-T880 MP4 GeForce GT 520MX Radeon HD 7520G GeForce GT 325M GeForce Go 7800 GTX SLI GeForce 8600M GT SLI GeForce Go 7900 GS SLI GeForce GT 130M NVS 4200M GeForce Go 7900 GTX Quadro FX 2500M Radeon HD 8350G Radeon HD 8330 GeForce 9650M GS GeForce 9650M GT Radeon R3 (Mullins/Beema) GeForce 8700M GT Quadro FX 1700M Quadro FX 1600M GeForce Go 7800 GTX GeForce Go 7900 GS Quadro NVS 320M Quadro FX 1500M GeForce 9600M GT GeForce GT 220M Quadro FX 770M GeForce GT 120M Radeon HD 7450M GeForce 610M GeForce 705M Mali-T760 MP6 Radeon HD 6470M FirePro M3900 * GeForce GT 520M Radeon HD 7420G Mobility Radeon HD 3670 Mobility FireGL V5725 PowerVR GX6450 Adreno 420 HD Graphics (Haswell) Radeon HD 6520G Radeon HD 8310G * GeForce 320M GeForce GT 320M Mobility Radeon HD 2600 XT Mobility Radeon X1900 Mobility Radeon X1800XT Mobility Radeon X1800 GeForce Go 6800 Ultra GeForce Go 7800 GeForce 9600M GS GeForce 9500M GS Radeon HD 7400G Radeon HD 6480G * Mobility Radeon HD 2700 GeForce GT 415M GeForce 410M Radeon HD 7370M Adreno 418 HD Graphics (Cherry Trail) Radeon HD 6370M Radeon HD 8280 Mobility Radeon HD 5470 Radeon HD 6450M Radeon HD 7430M * Mobility Radeon HD 3650 Mobility FireGL V5700 Mobility Radeon HD 5145 Mobility Radeon HD 545v Radeon R6 (Mullins) * Radeon HD 8240 Radeon HD 8250 Mobility Radeon HD 4570 Quadro FX 570M Mobility Radeon HD 5450 * Radeon R2 (Mullins/Beema) * GeForce 8600M GT Mobility Radeon HD 2600 HD Graphics 3000 Quadro FX 380M GeForce 310M GeForce G210M NVS 3100M GeForce 405M GeForce 315M GeForce Go 7600 GT GeForce 9500M G GeForce 8600M GS NVS 2100M GeForce Go 7700 GeForce Go 6800 Quadro FX Go 1400 Mobility Radeon X800XT Radeon HD 6430M * Radeon HD 6380G * Mobility Radeon HD 5430 Radeon HD 8210 Mobility Radeon HD 540v Mobility Radeon HD 4550 HD Graphics 2500 HD Graphics (Ivy Bridge) Quadro NVS 310 Radeon HD 7350M * Radeon HD 6350M * Mobility Radeon HD 4530 Mobility Radeon HD 4350 Radeon HD 4350 GeForce 305M Mobility Radeon X1700 Mobility FireGL V5250 Mobility Radeon X2500 GeForce Go 7600 Quadro NVS 300M Mobility Radeon X800 Mobility Radeon X1600 Mobility FireGL V5200 Mobility Radeon 9800 GeForce Go 6600 Mobility Radeon X1450 Mobility Radeon X700 Mobility FireGL V5000 GeForce G 110M Quadro NVS 295 Radeon HD 6330M * Mobility Radeon HD 4330 GeForce 8400M GT Quadro NVS 140M HD Graphics 2000 GeForce 9500M GE * GeForce 9400M (G) / ION (LE) HD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) * Adreno 330 PowerVR G6430 PowerVR GX6250 PowerVR G6400 HD Graphics (Bay Trail) Mali-T628 MP6 Mali-T760 MP4 Chrome9HD * Radeon HD 7340 Radeon HD 6320 * Radeon HD 7310 Radeon HD 6310 * Radeon HD 8180 Mobility Radeon HD 3470 GeForce 9300M G ION 2 * GeForce 9300M GS Quadro FX 370M Quadro NVS 160M GeForce 9200M GS Mobility Radeon HD 3450 Mobility Radeon HD 3430 Mobility Radeon HD 3410 Mobility Radeon HD 2400 XT Radeon HD 4270 Radeon HD 4250 Radeon HD 7290 * Radeon HD 6290 * Radeon HD 4200 Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) HD Graphics Radeon HD 6250 Quadro NVS 150M Quadro FX 360M Mobility Radeon X1350 Mobility Radeon X1400 GeForce 9100M G GeForce 8400M GS Quadro NVS 135M Mobility Radeon HD 2400 Radeon HD 3200 Radeon HD 4225 * Radeon HD 4100 * SGX554MP4 Mali-T628 MP4 Mobility Radeon HD 3400 * Radeon HD 3100 GeForce 8400M G Mali-T860 MP2 Quadro NVS 130M GeForce 8200M G Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4700MHD Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500MHD Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500M Mali-T604 MP4 GeForce Go 7400 Quadro FX 350M Quadro NVS 120M GeForce Go 7300 GeForce Tegra 4 * PowerVR G6200 Adreno 405 * Quadro NVS 110M Mobility Radeon X600 Mobility FireGL V3200 Mobility FireGL V3100 Mobility Radeon HD X2300 Mobility Radeon 9700 Mobility FireGL T2e Mobility Radeon X1300 GeForce4 4200 Go Mobility Radeon 9600 Mobility FireGL T2 Mobility Radeon 9550 GeForce Go 7200 GeForce Go 6400 Mobility Radeon X300 GeForce Go 6250 GeForce Go 6200 GeForce FX Go 5700 Quadro FX Go 1000 GeForce FX Go 5600 / 5650 Radeon Xpress X1270 Radeon Xpress X1250 Radeon Xpress X1200 Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) X3100 Mali-T624 Adreno 320 * Mali-T760 MP2 Mali-T720 MP4 Mali-450 MP4 Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3650 * GeForce 7190M * GeForce 7150M Radeon Xpress 1150 GeForce Go 6150 GeForce Go 6100 GeForce 7000M Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3600 * Mobility Radeon 9200 Mobility FireGL 9000 GeForce FX Go 5200 Mobility Radeon 9000 GeForce 4 488 Go GeForce 4 460 Go GeForce 4 440 Go GeForce 4 420 Go Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3150 Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 950 SGX545 SGX544MP2 SGX543MP2 * Mali-T720 MP2 Mali-T720 Adreno 302 304 305 306 Mobility Radeon 7500 Mobility FireGL 7800 Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 900 Radeon Xpress 200M Radeon Xpress 1100 Mirage 3+ 672MX Mirage 3 671MX Mali-400 MP4 * GeForce ULP (Tegra 3) * VideoCore-IV * Adreno 220 225* Vivante GC1000+ Dual-Core Mali-400 MP2 * GeForce ULP (Tegra 2) * Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 600 * SGX540 * Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 500 Adreno 205 * Adreno 203 * GC800 * SGX535 SGX531 SGX530 Adreno 200 * Mali-200 * GeForce 3 Go * GeForce 2 Go 200 / 100 Mobility Radeon 9100 IGP Mobility Radeon 9000 IGP Mobility Radeon M7 Mobility Radeon M6 Chrome9 HC Extreme Graphics 2 Mobility Radeon 7000 IGP Radeon IGP 340M Radeon IGP 320M S3G UniChrome Pro II S3G UniChrome Pro Castle Rock Mirage 2 M760 Mirage M661FX S3 Graphics ProSavage8 Mobility 128 M3 SM502 * </pre> Kernel-space drivers like '''radeon''' (older AMD driver for older GPUs), '''amdgpu''' (newer driver for newer GPUs, allows using a few new features), i915, nouveau and a few others. They are what handles the gory details of talking to the GPU itself (writing to proper registers, handling its memory directly, configuring outputs, and so on). Unfortunately most of what they're exposing can be only consumed by a single user of that GPU, which is why we need... DRM and DRI (Direct Rendering Manager/Infrastructure) controls access to the GPUs, provides interfaces for talking to the GPU concurrently by multiple apps at once (without them breaking each other) and lets the system perform the most basic tasks like setting proper resolution and such if no userspace apps understand how to talk to the GPU exposed. DRI and DRM expose the GPU interfaces mostly as-is, not in a "vendor-neutral" portable way - if you don't have an application developed specifically for a GPU you have, it won't work. "let's create a vendor-neutral interface for graphics so that apps can ignore the GPU-specific bits and get right to the drawing!" - which is what OpenGL is. User-space drivers implement the OpenGL specification and expose it as an OpenGL library to apps (like games, browsers, etc) instead of the GPU. Mesa is the most popular collection of open-source user-space drivers and contains a few user-space drivers for different GPU families: '''radeonsi''' for most modern AMD GPUs (and '''r600g''', r300g and others for older ones), '''i915/i965''' for old/new Intel GPUs and '''nouveau''' for Nvidia GPUs. There's also Gallium, which is a bunch of utilities and common code shared among these drivers - if certain things can be done once and work everywhere, they'll land in Gallium and benefit all the drivers. Most Mesa drivers use Gallium (radeonsi, nouveau, software renderers), some don't (intel after gma950). Displaying 2D windows supports device-specific 2D drivers as well, but nowadays most of these are no longer needed as the modesetting can handle most hardware on its own. As the DRM/DRI got some additional interfaces for what used to be hardware-specific (setting resolutions, refresh rates, etc) and software requiring accelerated 2D drawing was optimized OpenGL-based renderers, dedicated 2D acceleration is slowly going away. Since around 2012, the 3D part of the graphics card deals with 2D operations. Modern GPUs can also decode video!? There's VDPAU (NVIDIA & AMD GPUs) and VA-API (AMD & Intel GPUs) that can also talk to the GPU exposed via DRM/DRI and issue proper commands to decode/encode a given video stream. Those drivers are GPU-specific too. So let's say you have some example GPUs, here's how example stacks could look like: * AMD Radeon HD8750: amdgpu -> DRM/DRI -> Mesa (radeonsi) * AMD Radeon HD4850: radeon kernel driver -> DRM/DRI -> Mesa (r600g) -> games/apps/etc. * NVIDIA GeForce 460: nouveau kernel driver -> DRM/DRI -> Mesa (nouveau) -> games/apps. * Intel GMA950: i915 kernel driver -> DRM/DRI -> Mesa (i945) -> games/apps. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="15%" | Description ! width="15%" | Analog Output ! width="15%" | Digital Output ! width="15%" | Laptop LCD ! width=30%" | Comments |- | <!--Description-->Fudomi GC888A | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments-->1080p 100in throw projector |- | <!--Description-->Vamvo VF320 (720P) | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments-->720p 90in |- | <!--Description-->Happrun H1 | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments-->1080p 90in |- | <!--Description-->Umbolite Magcubic HIPPUS HY320 Mini | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments-->720p 100in |- | <!--Description-->Zentality A10 Plus | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments-->720p 110in |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->nexigo nova mini | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->nebula mars 3 | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->epson lifestudio flex plus portable projector | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->dangbei freedo | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description-->benq gv50 | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Analogue--> | <!--Digital--> | <!--Laptop LCD--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} Unless your computer uses a Firewire chipset manufactured by Texas Instruments, FireWire interfaces are likely to act buggy. AROS is unlikely to ever support FireWire. No, x86 PCMCIA card.resource at the moment. Writing card.resource would be a similar amount of work to writing a typical driver. However, it might be complicated by having to support a variety of PCMCIA-controller chipsets like TI PCI1225, PCI1410, PCI1420, 1450, PCIxx12 and O2, etc. m68k card.resource does not really have many higher level functions, most functions are really simple or poke Gayle registers directly. only exception is CopyTuple(). Amiga card.resource has one significant flaw: it's single-unit. would need card.resource and pccard.library. There was talk in the past of designing a new API for PCMCIA because card.resource only supports one slot, but since most modern laptops only have one slot anyway, I think it might be worthwhile to implement card.resource as-is (at least as a first step). pccard.library would be trivial to port. So, a new API is needed. qfdwpehvaaha3oy8izjqshfxyq2drbo 4 23342 4680790 4665611 2026-11-07T22:02:18Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 new edits in preparation for RFC 4680790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{draft|WB:MOS}} The '''Wikibooks Manual of Style''' serves to establish good structural and stylistic practices to help editors produce higher quality wikibooks. == Titles == : ''See also [[Wikibooks:Naming policy]] for information on how to name books and their chapters.'' Wikibooks should be titled based on their ''aspect''. This is a combination of the target audience, scope, and depth of the book. Several books on one topic but with differing aspects can exist. For example, a book on woodwork aimed at the general public may be entitled simply "Woodworking", and a mathematics text for commerce students may be called "Mathematics for Commerce" or "Commercial Mathematics" instead of simply "Mathematics". Some people prefer to use [[wikt:title case|title casing]], as books often do, while other people prefer to use [[wikt:sentence case|sentence casing]], as Wikipedia does. Title casing is recommended for [[Wikibooks:Naming policy|''book titles'']] as it reduces potential confusion between title- and shelf-[[Wikibooks:Categories|categories]]. Casing on ''[[Help:Editing#Subpage links|subpage]] names'' and ''[[Help:Editing#Sections|sections]]'' is entirely a matter of style. Whatever combination of schemes for book titles, pages and sections, please be consistent and follow the existing style for books you are editing. Sub-page names that describe what the chapter is about &mdash; for example, "<code>[[Chess/Notating_The_Game]]</code>" &mdash; are preferred over numbered chapters &mdash; like "<code>Chess/Chapter_10</code>" &mdash; so that inserting new chapters in between existing chapters, or reordering chapters, requires less work. == Structure == === Main page === Links to a book should point to its main page, which is generally the first page a new reader sees and should give a quick impression of a book's scope, intended audience, and layout. Often the layout is simply the full table of contents. [[w:Glossary of comics terminology#Splash|Splash pages]] should be avoided. The following should be done for a book's main page: * Link to any collections, printable versions, or PDF files. * Add the {{tl|status}} template to indicate a book's completion status and give readers a sense of how far along the book is when browsing the [[Wikibooks Stacks/Departments|shelf pages]]. * Include any interlingual links. Books across language projects may be dissimilar even when superficially about the same subject, so be wary about placing interlingual links on any pages other than the main page. * For functional subject indexing at the [[Wikibooks:Card Catalog Office|card catalog office]], place the {{tl|shelves}} template on the main page of the book. * When [[Wikibooks:Categories|categorizing]] a book, assign the main page to the appropriate category. If you need help categorizing a book, please [[WB:HELP|request assistance in the reading room]]. === Table of contents === In general, the table of contents should be on the main page, giving readers an overview of the available material. In rare cases where this is impractical, a special page can be created for it, titled <code>''Contents''</code>, <code>''Table of contents''</code> or similar. <gallery widths="64px" heights="64px" caption="Table of contents examples"> File:Wikibooks standard toc.svg|Standard TOC File:Wikibooks 2col toc.svg|2 column TOC File:Wikibooks 2col toc2.svg|2 column TOC </gallery> === Introduction === An introduction page should be made to set the scene and delve into the book's purpose—its scope and topics, its audience, its relevance, its teaching aims, a history of the subject, any conventions used in the book, or any other information that might make sense in an introductory chapter. Common names for such pages are <code>''Introduction''</code> or <code>''About''</code>. The latter is more commonly used when information about the book is split from the introduction of the subject matter. === Local manual of style === If not already part of the <code>''Introduction''</code> page, you may create a page for the book's [[Help:Local manuals of style|local manual of style]]—good titles include "Local style manual", "Manual of style", "How to contribute", "How you can help", and the like. Whatever the title, include it in the table of contents. === Navigation === {{see also|Wikibooks:Templates/Navigation}} Navigation aids are links included on pages to make navigating between pages easier. These can help make reading books easier for readers, but can also make maintaining and contributing to books harder. Most web browsers can back track through pages already visited, and the wiki software also adds links for navigating back to the table of contents if pages use the slash convention in their name and a book's main page is the table of contents as suggested. Using a book-specific template to hold navigation aids (rather than copy-and-pasting onto each page of the book) can help reduce some of the maintenance issues, since editing the template will automatically update all of the pages. === Bibliography === A [[wikt:bibliography|bibliography]] is useful for collecting resources cited in the book, for linking to other useful resources on the subject that go beyond the scope of the book, and for including works that can aid in verifying the factual accuracy of what is written in the book. When used, such pages are commonly named <code>''Further Reading''</code>, <code>''References''</code>, or similar. === Glossary === A [[w:glossary|glossary]] lists terms in a particular domain of knowledge with the definitions for those terms. A glossary is completely optional and is most useful in books aimed at people new to a field of study. <code>''Glossary''</code> should always be the title used for such a page. === Appendices === An [[wikt:appendix|appendix]] includes important information that does not quite fit into the flow of a book. For example, a list of math formulas might be used as an appendix in a math book. Appendices are optional, and books may have more than one appendix. Examples of common ways to name appendices are <code>'''Appendix/Keywords'''</code> and <code>'''Appendix:Formulas'''</code>. === Cover pages === Cover pages are useful for print versions. These should be separated from the main page (remember: Wikibooks is not paper) but can be used to make print versions. When used, commonly named <code>''Cover''</code>. === Print versions === See [[Help:Print versions]] for more on print versions. They are often named <code>''Book Name/Print version''</code>. === PDF versions === Some books have a <code>''File:Bookname.pdf''</code> for the entire book at once in a single PDF file. If someone creates a PDF version of a book, it would be nice if that PDF file were mentioned at [[Wikibooks:PDF versions]], and {{tlx|PDF version}} were placed on the table of contents to link to that PDF file. == Style == Where appropriate, the first use a word or phrase akin to the title of the page can be marked in '''bold'''; when a new term is introduced, it can be ''italicised''. === Headers === {{see also|Help:Editing#Sections}} Headers should be used to divide page sections and provide content layout. Primary information should be marked with a <nowiki>"=="</nowiki>, and information secondary to that should be marked with a <nowiki>"==="</nowiki> header, and so on, for example: == Animals == There are many kinds of animals. === Cats === Cats are animals. === Dogs === Dogs are animals. There is no need to provide systematic navigation between headers; only provide navigation between pages. A list of sections is automatically provided on the page when more than 3 headers are used. === Linking === {{see also|Help:Editing#Links}} Books with a deep sub-page hierarchy should include navigation links to help navigate within the hierarchy. [[Help:Templates|Templates]] can help maintain consistency by making it easy to include navigational aids on the necessary pages. === Footnotes and references === {{see also|Help:Editing#References}} Wikibooks has a couple of really simple implementations for footnotes and references. One uses {{tl|note}} to place notes at the bottom of the page and {{tl|ref}} to reference these at appropriate places in the text. The other places the references between <nowiki><ref> and </ref></nowiki> tags right in the text, and then uses the {{tl|reflist}} or <nowiki><references /></nowiki> to automatically generate a list of these at the bottom of the page. === Mathematics === {{see also|Help:Formulas}} Format using HTML or in-line Mediawiki markup when using variables or other simple mathematical notation within a sentence. Use <nowiki><math></math></nowiki> tags for more complicated forms. Use italics for variables: ''a''+''b'', etc. Do not use italics for Greek letter variables, function names, or their parentheses. To introduce mathematics notation in a ''display'' format, move to the start of the new line, add a single colon, and then the notation within the <nowiki><math></math></nowiki> tags. If punctuation follows the notation, do so ''inside'' the tags. For example: {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! width="50%" | Markup !! Display |- |<source lang="tex" inline> : <math>\int_0^\infty {1 \over {x^2 + 1}}\,dx = \frac{\pi}{2}</math> </source> | : <math>\int_0^\infty {1 \over {x^2 + 1}}\,dx = \frac{\pi}{2}</math> |} is correctly used for "display" guidelines. If a notation does not render as a PNG, you may force it to do so by adding a "<code>\,\!</code>" at the end of the formula. === Software === Books that are about computer software or rely on the use of computer software to illustrate examples should clearly indicate which version of the software is relevant to the book, page, or section at hand. Templates to help with this and examples of their usage is available at [[Wikibooks:Templates/General#Software Versions|Wikibooks:Templates]]. === Colors === Be careful in the use of colour to maintain accessibility. === Nesting === Nesting refers to when subchapters are nested/below/each/other/like/this. In some cases, this may be appropriate, such as with large textbooks that contain subsections with a lot of content. Avoid creating excessive subchapters that each contain very little content—instead, consider merging these into a single chapter, with headers to divide the content as appropriate. Additionally, when nesting, it is important to have an intuitive and accessible navigation system. Having tables of contents "hidden" within subchapters is usually inappropriate, as this makes it difficult to view the book structure at a glance and navigate between sections. It also presents challenges for automatically-updating navigation templates such as [[Template:Nav]]. Instead, it is usually better to link all subchapters in the main table of contents as follows: *Chapter 1 **Subchapter A ***Subchapter α *Chapter 2 * etc. {{Wikibooks policies and guidelines}} f4qlx56fhvlau2kdo4311j3igyqqrm6 4 26587 4680756 4389096 2026-11-07T20:37:15Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Moving from [[Category:Content-related policies]] to [[Category:Content-related policies and guidelines]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4680756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy|WB:AT|WB:ANNOTATION}} == What is an annotated text? == An '''annotated text''' contains two elements: #A copy of a published original [[:w:primary source|primary source]] text or other established narrative, academic or literary media, available under a Wikibooks-compatible license. #Various kinds of study aids for understanding or teaching the text. These annotations may include introductions, explanatory notes, summaries, translations, questions and answers, charts, lists, indices, references, wikilinks, media, etc. In an annotated text the annotations are interwoven with the primary source text in order to make the book more reader-friendly. The goal of an annotated text is to facilitate reading and comprehension of the source media, especially in a classroom environment in preparation for formal examinations, or even for private study (for instance, the classic ''Cliff's Notes'' on Shakespeare are meant to help students prepare for examinations on literature that they read at home.) Because annotated texts are a kind of educational material it has been declared as Wikibooks policy to include them. This is despite the fact that most primary source texts normally belong at [[:s:|Wikisource]]. It may also be possible for Wikibookians to annotate other forms of narrative media besides just written texts. For instance, it may be possible to annotate a motion picture, a video game, or a musical song/album. Such cases might be permitted under this policy if they are shown to be academic and well-written. For guidelines on how to distinguish which texts belong on which project, please see Wikisource's article [[:s:Wikisource:Wikisource and Wikibooks|Wikisource and Wikibooks]]. There are no absolute rules for texts of this kind and any reasonable decision by the contributor(s) should be respected. == Source texts without annotations == A number of source texts have been contributed to Wikibooks over the course of time with the express intention of using them as part of annotated text and a few have actually been annotated to one degree or another. However, little or no annotation has been written for the majority of these texts. Source texts without annotations belong at [[:s:|Wikisource]]. Even some texts with annotations may reasonably be kept at Wikisource, provided that the primary focus is on the source text, not on classroom instruction or test preparation. In general, the good-faith intentions and work of a contributor who added an important source text to Wikibooks should be honored. This is true even if its takes a very long time until annotations are written. Nevertheless, these texts are really more appropriate for Wikisource than for Wikibooks. Therefore, they may become candidates for deletion if and when the following criteria are all met: *The source text also exists in the same format at Wikisource. *The source text is not a text widely used in classrooms for which there will clearly be a need for future annotations and interest in writing them. **For an example that does '''not''' meet this criterion, take the works of Shakespeare. These are central classroom texts and cultural icons. Thus there is a clear demand for annotations of them, and there are clearly people who will be interested in writing them at some point. Therefore, the copies of these texts might as well be left at Wikibooks, even though they also exist at Wikisource. *The source text has absolutely no annotations, or the annotation is so minimal that its erasure constitutes no loss of educational material. When all of the above criteria are met, a book may become a candidate for deletion. It should also be noted that Wikibooks is a multilingual project. A text here at English Wikibooks may also be part of a larger multilingual annotation project. If annotations to a book are proceeding in another language, and the passages are linked, then the English version should be kept even if it has no annotations. For example, if Shakespeare is being annotated in German, then the German contributors should be able to simply put an "en:" link to connect to the original English version of each unit of text. They should not be forced to link to the Wikisource version just because there is very little annotation yet in English. == Creating an annotated text == In general, break your text into user-friendly sections (e.g. chapters), each of which must be linked to and from the title page using the standard [[WB:NP|naming convention]]. If you want to start annotating a large text, there is no need to add the entire source text immediately at the beginning. Instead, start by copying and annotating a limited initial portion of the text. Later sections can be added to Wikibooks at a future date when the annotation is already substantial. By implementing this suggestion you can maintain a reasonable balance between the source text and your annotations at all stages of the project from beginning to end. When you start a Wikibooks project to annotate a text, please list the main title page in the following place: *[[Subject:Literature]] - The related subjects cover texts of different genres. Please list your book in its respective genre(s) by adding it to the subject category of the same name using {{tl|subjects}}. == Other relevant pages == *[[Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks#A repository for source texts|Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks?]] *[[s:Wikisource:Annotations|Wikisource:Annotations]] {{Wikibooks policies and guidelines}} [[Category:Content-related policies and guidelines]] [[ja:Wikibooks:解説を付した文章]] omhgdgrtn88ai7lmqn35ux226yo4b5f 10 33472 4680781 4641200 2026-11-07T21:05:50Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 clarify by adding definition at [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines]] 4680781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ombox | type = notice | image = [[File:Green check.svg|30px|link=|alt=]] | imageright = {{{shortcutoverride|{{#if:{{{shortcut|{{{shortcut1|{{{sc1|{{{1|<noinclude>WB</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{Shortcut|{{{shortcut|{{{shortcut1|{{{sc1|{{{1|<noinclude>WB</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}} |{{{shortcut2|{{{sc2|{{{2|}}}}}}}}} |{{{shortcut3|{{{sc3|{{{3|}}}}}}}}} |{{{shortcut4|{{{sc4|{{{4|}}}}}}}}} |{{{shortcut5|{{{sc5|{{{5|}}}}}}}}} |msg={{{shortcutmsg|}}} <noinclude>|category=no</noinclude>}} }} }}} | text = <div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;">'''This page documents an official [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines|Wikibooks policy]]''' that the Wikibooks community has accepted and '''must follow''' at all times. Except for minor edits, please make use of the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]] to propose changes to this policy.</div> }}<includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{example|no}}}|no|[[Category:Wikibooks policies|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> k6h4vjj4csiydaww2z69ft0fkocibx0 4 36082 4680758 4389094 2026-11-07T20:37:16Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Moving from [[Category:Content-related policies]] to [[Category:Content-related policies and guidelines]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4680758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy|WB:NP}} == Naming convention == Each chapter or page in a book must start with the name of the book followed by a slash: * <kbd>Book_Title/Page_name</kbd>. Books and pages may use either title- or sentence casing. The [[Wikibooks:Manual of Style]] recommends title casing for book titles to prevent clashes between title- and [[Wikibooks:Categories#Subjects|subject-categories]]. See [[Help:Editing#Subpage links]] for more on sub-pages. == Non-compliant books == Some books don't use slashes to designate sub-pages. If you come across a book with pages that don't comply with this policy, please rename them (use the ''move'' tab at the top). If for some reason you are not able to move pages, add {{tl|fix title}} to the top of the book. (Users must be [[mw:Project:Autoconfirmed users|autoconfirmed]] to move pages, and only [[Wikibooks:administrators|administrators]] can move pages over existing pages.) You can also specify what to rename pages to by adding {{tlx|rename|<nowiki>[[new_page_name]]</nowiki>}} to the top of pages to be renamed. Moving of a whole batch of pages is best done by a [[Wikibooks:Bots|bot]] (e.g. when sub-pages have been delimited with a different character; the colon was a popular choice before this policy came into effect). Adding {{tl|fix title}} to the top of the title page should be enough for a bot operator to eventually come along and take care of it (or an enthusiastic Wikibookian &mdash; feel free to count yourself as one). Alternatively, contact an active bot operator. == See also == * [[Wikibooks:Manual of Style]] &mdash; This page has some good food for thought regarding book structure and page naming. * [[Help: Local manuals of style#Basic structure]] &mdash; describes the difference between "flat structure" and "deep structure" page naming. * [[Help:Editing#Links]] * [[Wikibooks Stacks/Adding books|Adding books to Wikibooks Stacks]] * {{tl|One-page book}} &mdash; Template for books that consist of a single page. {{Wikibooks policies and guidelines}} [[Category:Content-related policies and guidelines]] [[da:Wikibooks:Navngivning]] [[de:Hilfe:Namenskonventionen]] [[es:Wikilibros:Política de nombrado]] [[fr:Wikilivres:Conventions sur les titres]] [[it:Aiuto:Convenzioni di nomenclatura]] [[ja:Wikibooks:ページ名の付け方]] [[pl:Wikibooks:Nazewnictwo artykułów]] [[pt:Wikibooks:Nomenclaturas]] [[tr:Vikikitap:İsimlendirme politikası]] 4uc4p2g92xtg4vm7mic75vab7eziglz 14 36685 4680766 4621861 2026-11-07T20:38:26Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 new key for [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines]]: "P" using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4680766 wikitext text/x-wiki This category contains accepted Wikibooks policies. Policies are designated by placing {{tl|policy}} at the top of the policy page, which adds the page automatically to this category. [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines|P]] p8ehdo0t1bn3txzsizgx869y2r001qx 14 43670 4680765 4377897 2026-11-07T20:38:15Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 new key for [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines]]: "G" using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4680765 wikitext text/x-wiki This category contains accepted Wikibooks guidelines. Guidelines are designated by placing {{tl|guideline}} at the top of the guideline page, which adds the page automatically to this category. [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines|G]] 8pxdwumohiqa5hfbpj5bg83rlwbs79l 4 49811 4680748 4536693 2026-11-07T20:34:12Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Moving from [[Category:Behavioral policies]] to [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4680748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-protected|small=yes}} {{policy|WB:NPA|WB:ATTACK}} '''Do not make personal attacks anywhere in Wikibooks.''' Comment on content, not on the contributor. Personal attacks damage the community and deter users. Nobody likes abuse. ==Consequences== Some Wikibookians remove personal attacks on third parties on sight. Users of other Wikimedia projects have been banned for repeatedly engaging in personal attacks, and if necessary it would happen here too. If you are subjected to persistent personal attacks and want help in getting them stopped, email an [[WB:ADMIN|active Administrator]], leave a message on their [[Help:Talk page|talk page]], or note what is happening in the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance|assistance reading room]]. Any personal attack, whether it is a snide comment or a direct personal insult, is covered by this policy. Personal attacks are not acceptable on Wikibooks and this policy imposes a duty on all Wikibookians to stop such attacks should they occur. Remember that disputes on talk pages are accessible to everyone on the Internet. The way in which you conduct yourself on Wikibooks reflects on Wikibooks and on you. Stay cool. ==Being reasonable== Contributors may not agree on a module and could reasonably wish to express their views. Comment with content in mind, not those writing it, and remember that we are ''all'' part of the '''same community''', working towards the '''same goal''': Quality books. Never suggest a person's view is invalid simply because of who they are. Discuss the issues in dispute, not people's attributes or character. This does ''not'' mean that you have to agree with other people, but that you must not let disputes become personal. Explore issues in a less public forum like email if a debate threatens to become personal. {{Wikibooks policies and guidelines}} [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]] 468wqw6lz2sbrcnkdk92yi7aov6g6l4 0 52450 4680718 3098533 2026-11-07T18:00:26Z Bernanke's Crossbow 3222444 /* Scheduling with Cron */ don't edit directly 4680718 wikitext text/x-wiki == Scheduling with Cron == Cron is an automated scheduler in UNIX/Linux Systems. It executes jobs (scripts) at a specified time or frequency, as scheduled by system, root, or individual users in crontab files (one for each user). These files are not intended to be edited directly, but instead through the affiliated crontab utility. When the cron daemon starts, it searches for crontab files, which are user named account names in /var/cron/tabs directory. Cron daemon wakes up every minute and checks for any jobs scheduled to be executed in crontab files. Every time cron daemon wakes up to check crontab files, it also checks /etc/crontab file for any modifications in time stamp of the file, which it keeps track and records. When you simply 'touch' /etc/crontab file, cron daemon will catch it and ultimately stop executing scheduled jobs in crontabs - this is how to stop cron daemon. In order to have cron daemon continue running scheduled jobs, you need to restart it (bounce it). ===Controlling access with 'cron.allow' and 'cron.deny'=== * Access will be granted when user is listed in file /etc/cron.allow * Otherwise, access will be denied if username is found in /etc/cron.deny * If neither of these files exists, then depending on site-dependent configuration parameters, only the super user will be allowed to have access, or all users will have access. :* For standard Debian systems (including Ubuntu), all users will be granted access when neither file exists. :* For Fedora systems, only the super user will be granted access when neither file exists. ===Four places to submit a cron job=== # The /var/spool/cron/username file: each individual user (indicated by username) controls his or her own separate file # The /etc/crontab file: This is '''system crontab''' file. Only root has permission to modify this file. # The /etc/cron.d directory. Each file placed in this directory has the same format as the /etc/crontab. Only root has permission to create or modify the files in this directory. # The /etc/cron.hourly, /etc/cron.daily, /etc/cron.weekly, and /etc/cron.monthly directories #* Each file in these directories is a shell script that runs at the times specified in the /etc/crontab file (by default at one minute after the hour, at 4:02 a.m. every day, Sunday at 4:22 a.m., and 4:42 a.m. on the first day of the month, respectively ) #* Only root has permission to create or modify the files in these directories. === Crontab format === * * * * * command to be executed - - - - | | | | | | | | | ----- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0) | | | ------- month (1 - 12) | | --------- day of month (1 - 31) | ----------- hour (0 - 23) ------------ min (0 - 59) # An asterisk (*) in any field indicates all possible values for that field. # Lists of values, ranges of values, and increments can be used. Examples: #* Lists: Days could be represented as the '''list Mon,Wed,Fri'''. #* Range: Hours can be specified as '''range 9–5''' #* Increment: '''0–31/3in''' the third field to represent every third day of the month #* '''*/5''' denotes every five minutes # Any variable can be specified to fine−tune the environment in which the job will run. Example: #* '''MAILTO=otheruser''' variable enable to send email to user other than the one who submitted the cron job === Commands === # '''crontab −l''' : list the current contents of your own personal crontab file # '''crontab −r''' : remove all crontab entries # '''crontab −e''' : edit crontab file # '''ps -e |grep cron''' : Displays status of cron daemon if running. # '''/usr/sbin/cron &''' : Starts users cron daemon. {{BookCat|filing=deep}} 4awx9zinwuy0i84kxc1fn0f7waj1wi4 14 74491 4680768 1828533 2026-11-07T20:40:01Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 new key for [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines]]: "U" using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4680768 wikitext text/x-wiki Actually, unstable policies are not polices; they are simply forked versions of policies which users can edit to make proposed changes to policies. Generally, to make an unstable version of a policy: * Edit the policy that you want to fork. Below the {{tl|policy}} tag, add a {{tl|branch unstable}} tag, then save or preview page. (You could also fork a {{tl|draft}} policy, but that might not be necessary.) * Click the link to the unstable version, "Wikibooks:''Name of policy''/Unstable". Copy the policy and begin editing. Change the {{tl|policy}} tag to an {{tl|unstable}} tag. When you put the {{tl|unstable}} tag on your unstable version, the policy will appear in this category. [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines|U]] 8o95wes435trkbqcqc1wquhg51gih5r 4 75172 4680747 4389091 2026-11-07T20:34:12Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Moving from [[Category:Behavioral policies]] to [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4680747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy|WB:CIVIL}} Our behavior policy is simple: ''be civil''. [[Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks|Wikibooks]] consists of a community of contributors, all intent on improving the project. Contributors to Wikibooks come from many different countries and cultures, and have widely different views. From time to time, we may disagree about how best to achieve this, but our aim is the same, to work together to achieve Wikibooks objectives. By treating others with respect we are able to cooperate effectively in building an instructional resource. For some guidelines, see [[Wikibooks:Etiquette|Etiquette]]. We could list all the nasty things you could potentially do and have explicit rules saying not to do them, but there's really no need for that as we all know what being civil means, and we all know when we're not being civil. So that's our rule on behavior: ''be civil''. ==Enforcement== If you are not civil, then some suitable action may follow. This could be just a request to calm down (always best heeded), but could go as far as requesting outside comments on the [[Wikibooks:Reading room|reading room]]. If you really refuse to be civil, an administrator may block your account for a short or a long time (with that action being subject to review by other administrators). But really, it shouldn't get that far. Just respect your fellow editors and keep being civil! {{Wikibooks policies and guidelines}} [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]] 3ijgb4qwbj4e1jd0ej6s22mtiznozy1 0 77339 4680848 4680373 2026-11-08T05:11:12Z ILYA125467 3627024 Changed Roadmap status of blocks. 4680848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Linear B Syllabary''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1000x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B008 A|&#x10000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B038 E|&#x10001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B028 I|&#x10002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B061 O|&#x10003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B010 U|&#x10004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B001 DA|&#x10005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B045 DE|&#x10006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B007 DI|&#x10007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B014 DO|&#x10008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B051 DU|&#x10009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B057 JA|&#x1000a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B046 JE|&#x1000b;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B036 JO|&#x1000d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B065 JU|&#x1000e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B077 KA|&#x1000f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1001x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B044 KE|&#x10010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B067 KI|&#x10011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B070 KO|&#x10012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B081 KU|&#x10013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B080 MA|&#x10014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B013 ME|&#x10015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B073 MI|&#x10016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B015 MO|&#x10017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B023 MU|&#x10018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B006 NA|&#x10019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B024 NE|&#x1001a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B030 NI|&#x1001b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B052 NO|&#x1001c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B055 NU|&#x1001d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B003 PA|&#x1001e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B072 PE|&#x1001f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1002x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B039 PI|&#x10020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B011 PO|&#x10021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B050 PU|&#x10022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B016 QA|&#x10023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B078 QE|&#x10024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B021 QI|&#x10025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B032 QO|&#x10026;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B060 RA|&#x10028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B027 RE|&#x10029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B053 RI|&#x1002a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B002 RO|&#x1002b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B026 RU|&#x1002c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B031 SA|&#x1002d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B009 SE|&#x1002e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B041 SI|&#x1002f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1003x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B012 SO|&#x10030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B058 SU|&#x10031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B059 TA|&#x10032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B004 TE|&#x10033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B037 TI|&#x10034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B005 TO|&#x10035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B069 TU|&#x10036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B054 WA|&#x10037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B075 WE|&#x10038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B040 WI|&#x10039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B042 WO|&#x1003a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B017 ZA|&#x1003c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B074 ZE|&#x1003d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B020 ZO|&#x1003f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1004x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B025 A2|&#x10040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B043 A3|&#x10041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B085 AU|&#x10042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B071 DWE|&#x10043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B090 DWO|&#x10044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B048 NWA|&#x10045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B029 PU2|&#x10046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B062 PTE|&#x10047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B076 RA2|&#x10048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B033 RA3|&#x10049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B068 RO2|&#x1004a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B066 TA2|&#x1004b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B087 TWE|&#x1004c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B091 TWO|&#x1004d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1005x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B018|&#x10050;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B019|&#x10051;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B022|&#x10052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B034|&#x10053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B047|&#x10054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B049|&#x10055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B056|&#x10056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B063|&#x10057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B064|&#x10058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B079|&#x10059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B082|&#x1005a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B083|&#x1005b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B086|&#x1005c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B089|&#x1005d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1006x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1007x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Linear B Ideograms''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1008x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B100 MAN|&#x10080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B102 WOMAN|&#x10081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B104 DEER|&#x10082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B105 EQUID|&#x10083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B105F MARE|&#x10084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B105M STALLION|&#x10085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B106F EWE|&#x10086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B106M RAM|&#x10087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B107F SHE-GOAT|&#x10088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B107M HE-GOAT|&#x10089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B108F SOW|&#x1008a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B108M BOAR|&#x1008b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B109F COW|&#x1008c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B109M BULL|&#x1008d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B120 WHEAT|&#x1008e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B121 BARLEY|&#x1008f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1009x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B122 OLIVE|&#x10090;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B123 SPICE|&#x10091;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B125 CYPERUS|&#x10092;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B MONOGRAM B127 KAPO|&#x10093;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B MONOGRAM B128 KANAKO|&#x10094;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B130 OIL|&#x10095;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B131 WINE|&#x10096;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B132|&#x10097;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B MONOGRAM B133 AREPA|&#x10098;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B MONOGRAM B135 MERI|&#x10099;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B140 BRONZE|&#x1009a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B141 GOLD|&#x1009b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B142|&#x1009c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B145 WOOL|&#x1009d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B146|&#x1009e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B150|&#x1009f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|100Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B151 HORN|&#x100a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B152|&#x100a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B153|&#x100a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B154|&#x100a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B MONOGRAM B156 TURO2|&#x100a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B157|&#x100a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B158|&#x100a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B159 CLOTH|&#x100a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B160|&#x100a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B161|&#x100a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B162 GARMENT|&#x100aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B163 ARMOUR|&#x100ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B164|&#x100ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B165|&#x100ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B166|&#x100ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B167|&#x100af;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|100Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B168|&#x100b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B169|&#x100b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B170|&#x100b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B171|&#x100b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B172|&#x100b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B173 MONTH|&#x100b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B174|&#x100b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B176 TREE|&#x100b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B177|&#x100b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B178|&#x100b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B179|&#x100ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B180|&#x100bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B181|&#x100bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B182|&#x100bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B183|&#x100be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B184|&#x100bf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|100Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B185|&#x100c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B189|&#x100c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B190|&#x100c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B191 HELMET|&#x100c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B220 FOOTSTOOL|&#x100c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B225 BATHTUB|&#x100c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B230 SPEAR|&#x100c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B231 ARROW|&#x100c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B232|&#x100c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B233 SWORD|&#x100c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B234|&#x100ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B236|&#x100cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B240 WHEELED CHARIOT|&#x100cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B241 CHARIOT|&#x100cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B242 CHARIOT FRAME|&#x100ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B243 WHEEL|&#x100cf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|100Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B245|&#x100d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B246|&#x100d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B MONOGRAM B247 DIPTE|&#x100d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B248|&#x100d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B249|&#x100d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B251|&#x100d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B252|&#x100d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B253|&#x100d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B254 DART|&#x100d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B255|&#x100d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B256|&#x100da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B257|&#x100db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B258|&#x100dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B259|&#x100dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B155|&#x100de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B200|&#x100df;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|100Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B201|&#x100e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B202|&#x100e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B203|&#x100e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B204|&#x100e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B205|&#x100e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B206|&#x100e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B207|&#x100e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B208|&#x100e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B209|&#x100e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B210|&#x100e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B211|&#x100ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B212|&#x100eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B213|&#x100ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B214|&#x100ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B215|&#x100ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B216|&#x100ef;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|100Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B217|&#x100f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B218|&#x100f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B219|&#x100f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B221|&#x100f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B222|&#x100f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B226|&#x100f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B227|&#x100f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B228|&#x100f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B229|&#x100f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B250|&#x100f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B305|&#x100fa;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Aegean Numbers''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1010x |{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN WORD SEPARATOR LINE|&#x10100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN WORD SEPARATOR DOT|&#x10101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN CHECK MARK|&#x10102;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER ONE|&#x10107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER TWO|&#x10108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER THREE|&#x10109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FOUR|&#x1010a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FIVE|&#x1010b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SIX|&#x1010c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SEVEN|&#x1010d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER EIGHT|&#x1010e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER NINE|&#x1010f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1011x |{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER TEN|&#x10110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER TWENTY|&#x10111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER THIRTY|&#x10112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FORTY|&#x10113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FIFTY|&#x10114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SIXTY|&#x10115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x10116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x10117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER NINETY|&#x10118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x10119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER TWO HUNDRED|&#x1011a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER THREE HUNDRED|&#x1011b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED|&#x1011c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FIVE HUNDRED|&#x1011d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SIX HUNDRED|&#x1011e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED|&#x1011f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1012x |{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED|&#x10120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER NINE HUNDRED|&#x10121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#x10122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER TWO THOUSAND|&#x10123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER THREE THOUSAND|&#x10124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FOUR THOUSAND|&#x10125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FIVE THOUSAND|&#x10126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SIX THOUSAND|&#x10127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SEVEN THOUSAND|&#x10128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER EIGHT THOUSAND|&#x10129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER NINE THOUSAND|&#x1012a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER TEN THOUSAND|&#x1012b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER TWENTY THOUSAND|&#x1012c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER THIRTY THOUSAND|&#x1012d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FORTY THOUSAND|&#x1012e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FIFTY THOUSAND|&#x1012f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1013x |{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SIXTY THOUSAND|&#x10130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SEVENTY THOUSAND|&#x10131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER EIGHTY THOUSAND|&#x10132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER NINETY THOUSAND|&#x10133;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN WEIGHT BASE UNIT|&#x10137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN WEIGHT FIRST SUBUNIT|&#x10138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN WEIGHT SECOND SUBUNIT|&#x10139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN WEIGHT THIRD SUBUNIT|&#x1013a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN WEIGHT FOURTH SUBUNIT|&#x1013b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN DRY MEASURE FIRST SUBUNIT|&#x1013c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN LIQUID MEASURE FIRST SUBUNIT|&#x1013d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN MEASURE SECOND SUBUNIT|&#x1013e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN MEASURE THIRD SUBUNIT|&#x1013f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Ancient Greek Numbers''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1014x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC ONE QUARTER|&#x10140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC ONE HALF|&#x10141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC ONE DRACHMA|&#x10142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE|&#x10143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY|&#x10144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE HUNDRED|&#x10145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE THOUSAND|&#x10146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY THOUSAND|&#x10147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE TALENTS|&#x10148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC TEN TALENTS|&#x10149;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY TALENTS|&#x1014a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC ONE HUNDRED TALENTS|&#x1014b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE HUNDRED TALENTS|&#x1014c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC ONE THOUSAND TALENTS|&#x1014d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE THOUSAND TALENTS|&#x1014e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE STATERS|&#x1014f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1015x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC TEN STATERS|&#x10150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY STATERS|&#x10151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC ONE HUNDRED STATERS|&#x10152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE HUNDRED STATERS|&#x10153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC ONE THOUSAND STATERS|&#x10154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC TEN THOUSAND STATERS|&#x10155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY THOUSAND STATERS|&#x10156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC TEN MNAS|&#x10157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC HERAEUM ONE PLETHRON|&#x10158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN ONE|&#x10159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC HERMIONIAN ONE|&#x1015a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC EPIDAUREAN TWO|&#x1015b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN TWO|&#x1015c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC CYRENAIC TWO DRACHMAS|&#x1015d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC EPIDAUREAN TWO DRACHMAS|&#x1015e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC TROEZENIAN FIVE|&#x1015f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1016x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC TROEZENIAN TEN|&#x10160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC TROEZENIAN TEN ALTERNATE FORM|&#x10161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC HERMIONIAN TEN|&#x10162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC MESSENIAN TEN|&#x10163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN TEN|&#x10164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN THIRTY|&#x10165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC TROEZENIAN FIFTY|&#x10166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC TROEZENIAN FIFTY ALTERNATE FORM|&#x10167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC HERMIONIAN FIFTY|&#x10168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN FIFTY|&#x10169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN ONE HUNDRED|&#x1016a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN THREE HUNDRED|&#x1016b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC EPIDAUREAN FIVE HUNDRED|&#x1016c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC TROEZENIAN FIVE HUNDRED|&#x1016d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN FIVE HUNDRED|&#x1016e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC CARYSTIAN FIVE HUNDRED|&#x1016f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1017x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC NAXIAN FIVE HUNDRED|&#x10170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN ONE THOUSAND|&#x10171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN FIVE THOUSAND|&#x10172;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC DELPHIC FIVE MNAS|&#x10173;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC STRATIAN FIFTY MNAS|&#x10174;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ONE HALF SIGN|&#x10175;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ONE HALF SIGN ALTERNATE FORM|&#x10176;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK TWO THIRDS SIGN|&#x10177;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK THREE QUARTERS SIGN|&#x10178;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK YEAR SIGN|&#x10179;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK TALENT SIGN|&#x1017a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK DRACHMA SIGN|&#x1017b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK OBOL SIGN|&#x1017c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK TWO OBOLS SIGN|&#x1017d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK THREE OBOLS SIGN|&#x1017e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK FOUR OBOLS SIGN|&#x1017f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1018x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK FIVE OBOLS SIGN|&#x10180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK METRETES SIGN|&#x10181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK KYATHOS BASE SIGN|&#x10182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LITRA SIGN|&#x10183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK OUNKIA SIGN|&#x10184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK XESTES SIGN|&#x10185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ARTABE SIGN|&#x10186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK AROURA SIGN|&#x10187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK GRAMMA SIGN|&#x10188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK TRYBLION BASE SIGN|&#x10189;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ZERO SIGN|&#x1018a;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ONE QUARTER SIGN|&#x1018b;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SINUSOID SIGN|&#x1018c;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INDICTION SIGN|&#x1018d;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NOMISMA SIGN|&#x1018e;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Ancient Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1019x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN SEXTANS SIGN|&#x10190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN UNCIA SIGN|&#x10191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN SEMUNCIA SIGN|&#x10192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN SEXTULA SIGN|&#x10193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN DIMIDIA SEXTULA SIGN|&#x10194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN SILIQUA SIGN|&#x10195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN DENARIUS SIGN|&#x10196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN QUINARIUS SIGN|&#x10197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN SESTERTIUS SIGN|&#x10198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN DUPONDIUS SIGN|&#x10199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN AS SIGN|&#x1019a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN CENTURIAL SIGN|&#x1019b;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ASCIA SYMBOL|&#x1019c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|101Ax |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SYMBOL TAU RHO|&#x101a0;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|101Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|101Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Phaistos Disc''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|101Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN PEDESTRIAN|&#x101d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN PLUMED HEAD|&#x101d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN TATTOOED HEAD|&#x101d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN CAPTIVE|&#x101d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN CHILD|&#x101d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN WOMAN|&#x101d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN HELMET|&#x101d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN GAUNTLET|&#x101d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN TIARA|&#x101d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN ARROW|&#x101d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN BOW|&#x101da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN SHIELD|&#x101db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN CLUB|&#x101dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN MANACLES|&#x101dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN MATTOCK|&#x101de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN SAW|&#x101df;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|101Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN LID|&#x101e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN BOOMERANG|&#x101e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN CARPENTRY PLANE|&#x101e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN DOLIUM|&#x101e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN COMB|&#x101e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN SLING|&#x101e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN COLUMN|&#x101e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN BEEHIVE|&#x101e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN SHIP|&#x101e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN HORN|&#x101e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN HIDE|&#x101ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN BULLS LEG|&#x101eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN CAT|&#x101ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN RAM|&#x101ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN EAGLE|&#x101ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN DOVE|&#x101ef;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|101Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN TUNNY|&#x101f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN BEE|&#x101f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN PLANE TREE|&#x101f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN VINE|&#x101f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN PAPYRUS|&#x101f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN ROSETTE|&#x101f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN LILY|&#x101f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN OX BACK|&#x101f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN FLUTE|&#x101f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN GRATER|&#x101f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN STRAINER|&#x101fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN SMALL AXE|&#x101fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN WAVY BAND|&#x101fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN COMBINING OBLIQUE STROKE|&#x101fd;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''North Palaeohispanic''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1020x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1021x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1022x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1023x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''South Palaeohispanic''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1024x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1025x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1026x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1027x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Lycian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1028x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER A|&#x10280;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER E|&#x10281;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER B|&#x10282;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER BH|&#x10283;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER G|&#x10284;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER D|&#x10285;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER I|&#x10286;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER W|&#x10287;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER Z|&#x10288;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER TH|&#x10289;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER J|&#x1028a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER K|&#x1028b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER Q|&#x1028c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER L|&#x1028d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER M|&#x1028e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER N|&#x1028f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1029x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER MM|&#x10290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER NN|&#x10291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER U|&#x10292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER P|&#x10293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER KK|&#x10294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER R|&#x10295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER S|&#x10296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER T|&#x10297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER TT|&#x10298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER AN|&#x10299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER EN|&#x1029a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER H|&#x1029b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER X|&#x1029c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Carian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|102Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER A|&#x102a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER P2|&#x102a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER D|&#x102a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER L|&#x102a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER UUU|&#x102a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER R|&#x102a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER LD|&#x102a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER A2|&#x102a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER Q|&#x102a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER B|&#x102a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER M|&#x102aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER O|&#x102ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER D2|&#x102ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER T|&#x102ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER SH|&#x102ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER SH2|&#x102af;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|102Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER S|&#x102b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER C-18|&#x102b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER U|&#x102b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER NN|&#x102b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER X|&#x102b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER N|&#x102b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER TT2|&#x102b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER P|&#x102b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER SS|&#x102b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER I|&#x102b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER E|&#x102ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER UUUU|&#x102bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER K|&#x102bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER K2|&#x102bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER ND|&#x102be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER UU|&#x102bf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|102Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER G|&#x102c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER G2|&#x102c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER ST|&#x102c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER ST2|&#x102c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER NG|&#x102c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER II|&#x102c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER C-39|&#x102c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER TT|&#x102c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER UUU2|&#x102c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER RR|&#x102c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER MB|&#x102ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER MB2|&#x102cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER MB3|&#x102cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER MB4|&#x102cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER LD2|&#x102ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER E2|&#x102cf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|102Dx |style="background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER UUU3|&#x102d0;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Coptic Epact Numbers''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|102Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT THOUSANDS MARK|&#x102e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT ONE|&#x102e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT TWO|&#x102e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT THREE|&#x102e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT FOUR|&#x102e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT FIVE|&#x102e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT SIX|&#x102e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT SEVEN|&#x102e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT EIGHT|&#x102e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT NINE|&#x102e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER TEN|&#x102ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER TWENTY|&#x102eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER THIRTY|&#x102ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER FORTY|&#x102ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER FIFTY|&#x102ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER SIXTY|&#x102ef;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|102Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x102f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x102f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER NINETY|&#x102f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x102f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER TWO HUNDRED|&#x102f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER THREE HUNDRED|&#x102f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED|&#x102f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER FIVE HUNDRED|&#x102f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER SIX HUNDRED|&#x102f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED|&#x102f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED|&#x102fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER NINE HUNDRED|&#x102fb;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Old Italic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1030x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER A|&#x10300;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER BE|&#x10301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER KE|&#x10302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER DE|&#x10303;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER E|&#x10304;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER VE|&#x10305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER ZE|&#x10306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER HE|&#x10307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER THE|&#x10308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER I|&#x10309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER KA|&#x1030a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER EL|&#x1030b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER EM|&#x1030c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER EN|&#x1030d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER ESH|&#x1030e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER O|&#x1030f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1031x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER PE|&#x10310;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER SHE|&#x10311;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER KU|&#x10312;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER ER|&#x10313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER ES|&#x10314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER TE|&#x10315;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER U|&#x10316;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER EKS|&#x10317;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER PHE|&#x10318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER KHE|&#x10319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER EF|&#x1031a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER ERS|&#x1031b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER CHE|&#x1031c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER II|&#x1031d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER UU|&#x1031e;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER ESS|&#x1031f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1032x |style="background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC NUMERAL ONE|&#x10320;}}||style="background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC NUMERAL FIVE|&#x10321;}}||style="background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC NUMERAL TEN|&#x10322;}}||style="background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC NUMERAL FIFTY|&#x10323;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER YE|&#x1032d;}}||style="background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER NORTHERN TSE|&#x1032e;}}||style="background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER SOUTHERN TSE|&#x1032f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Gothic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1033x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER AHSA|&#x10330;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER BAIRKAN|&#x10331;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER GIBA|&#x10332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER DAGS|&#x10333;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER AIHVUS|&#x10334;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER QAIRTHRA|&#x10335;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER IUJA|&#x10336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER HAGL|&#x10337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER THIUTH|&#x10338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER EIS|&#x10339;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER KUSMA|&#x1033a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER LAGUS|&#x1033b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER MANNA|&#x1033c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER NAUTHS|&#x1033d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER JER|&#x1033e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER URUS|&#x1033f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1034x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER PAIRTHRA|&#x10340;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER NINETY|&#x10341;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER RAIDA|&#x10342;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER SAUIL|&#x10343;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER TEIWS|&#x10344;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER WINJA|&#x10345;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER FAIHU|&#x10346;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER IGGWS|&#x10347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER HWAIR|&#x10348;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER OTHAL|&#x10349;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER NINE HUNDRED|&#x1034a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Old Permic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1035x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER AN|&#x10350;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER BUR|&#x10351;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER GAI|&#x10352;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER DOI|&#x10353;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER E|&#x10354;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER ZHOI|&#x10355;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER DZHOI|&#x10356;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER ZATA|&#x10357;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER DZITA|&#x10358;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER I|&#x10359;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER KOKE|&#x1035a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER LEI|&#x1035b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER MENOE|&#x1035c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER NENOE|&#x1035d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER VOOI|&#x1035e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER PEEI|&#x1035f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1036x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER REI|&#x10360;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER SII|&#x10361;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER TAI|&#x10362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER U|&#x10363;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER CHERY|&#x10364;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER SHOOI|&#x10365;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER SHCHOOI|&#x10366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER YRY|&#x10367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER YERU|&#x10368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER O|&#x10369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER OO|&#x1036a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER EF|&#x1036b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER HA|&#x1036c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER TSIU|&#x1036d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER VER|&#x1036e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER YER|&#x1036f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1037x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER YERI|&#x10370;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER YAT|&#x10371;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER IE|&#x10372;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER YU|&#x10373;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER YA|&#x10374;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER IA|&#x10375;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OLD PERMIC LETTER AN|&#x10376;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OLD PERMIC LETTER DOI|&#x10377;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OLD PERMIC LETTER ZATA|&#x10378;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OLD PERMIC LETTER NENOE|&#x10379;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OLD PERMIC LETTER SII|&#x1037a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Ugaritic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1038x |{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER ALPA|&#x10380;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER BETA|&#x10381;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER GAMLA|&#x10382;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER KHA|&#x10383;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER DELTA|&#x10384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER HO|&#x10385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER WO|&#x10386;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER ZETA|&#x10387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER HOTA|&#x10388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER TET|&#x10389;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER YOD|&#x1038a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER KAF|&#x1038b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER SHIN|&#x1038c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER LAMDA|&#x1038d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER MEM|&#x1038e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER DHAL|&#x1038f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1039x |{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER NUN|&#x10390;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER ZU|&#x10391;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER SAMKA|&#x10392;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER AIN|&#x10393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER PU|&#x10394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER SADE|&#x10395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER QOPA|&#x10396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER RASHA|&#x10397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER THANNA|&#x10398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER GHAIN|&#x10399;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER TO|&#x1039a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER I|&#x1039b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER U|&#x1039c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER SSU|&#x1039d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC WORD DIVIDER|&#x1039f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Old Persian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|103Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN A|&#x103a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN I|&#x103a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN U|&#x103a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN KA|&#x103a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN KU|&#x103a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN GA|&#x103a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN GU|&#x103a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN XA|&#x103a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN CA|&#x103a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN JA|&#x103a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN JI|&#x103aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN TA|&#x103ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN TU|&#x103ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN DA|&#x103ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN DI|&#x103ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN DU|&#x103af;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|103Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN THA|&#x103b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN PA|&#x103b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN BA|&#x103b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN FA|&#x103b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN NA|&#x103b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN NU|&#x103b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN MA|&#x103b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN MI|&#x103b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN MU|&#x103b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN YA|&#x103b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN VA|&#x103ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN VI|&#x103bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN RA|&#x103bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN RU|&#x103bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN LA|&#x103be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN SA|&#x103bf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|103Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN ZA|&#x103c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN SHA|&#x103c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN SSA|&#x103c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN HA|&#x103c3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN AURAMAZDAA|&#x103c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN AURAMAZDAA-2|&#x103c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN AURAMAZDAAHA|&#x103ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN XSHAAYATHIYA|&#x103cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN DAHYAAUSH|&#x103cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN DAHYAAUSH-2|&#x103cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN BAGA|&#x103ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN BUUMISH|&#x103cf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|103Dx |style="background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN WORD DIVIDER|&#x103d0;}}||style="background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN NUMBER ONE|&#x103d1;}}||style="background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN NUMBER TWO|&#x103d2;}}||style="background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN NUMBER TEN|&#x103d3;}}||style="background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN NUMBER TWENTY|&#x103d4;}}||style="background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN NUMBER HUNDRED|&#x103d5;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Shavian QuikScript''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|103Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|103Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Deseret''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1040x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG I|&#x10400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG E|&#x10401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG A|&#x10402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG AH|&#x10403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG O|&#x10404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG OO|&#x10405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I|&#x10406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT E|&#x10407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT A|&#x10408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT AH|&#x10409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT O|&#x1040a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT OO|&#x1040b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER AY|&#x1040c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER OW|&#x1040d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER WU|&#x1040e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER YEE|&#x1040f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1041x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER H|&#x10410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER PEE|&#x10411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER BEE|&#x10412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER TEE|&#x10413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER DEE|&#x10414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER CHEE|&#x10415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER JEE|&#x10416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER KAY|&#x10417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER GAY|&#x10418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EF|&#x10419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER VEE|&#x1041a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ETH|&#x1041b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER THEE|&#x1041c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ES|&#x1041d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ZEE|&#x1041e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ESH|&#x1041f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1042x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ZHEE|&#x10420;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ER|&#x10421;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EL|&#x10422;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EM|&#x10423;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EN|&#x10424;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ENG|&#x10425;}}||style="background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER OI|&#x10426;}}||style="background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EW|&#x10427;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG I|&#x10428;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG E|&#x10429;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG A|&#x1042a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG AH|&#x1042b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG O|&#x1042c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG OO|&#x1042d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT I|&#x1042e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT E|&#x1042f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1043x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT A|&#x10430;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT AH|&#x10431;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT O|&#x10432;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT OO|&#x10433;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER AY|&#x10434;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER OW|&#x10435;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER WU|&#x10436;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER YEE|&#x10437;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER H|&#x10438;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER PEE|&#x10439;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER BEE|&#x1043a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER TEE|&#x1043b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER DEE|&#x1043c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER CHEE|&#x1043d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER JEE|&#x1043e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER KAY|&#x1043f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1044x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER GAY|&#x10440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER EF|&#x10441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER VEE|&#x10442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER ETH|&#x10443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER THEE|&#x10444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER ES|&#x10445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER ZEE|&#x10446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER ESH|&#x10447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER ZHEE|&#x10448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER ER|&#x10449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER EL|&#x1044a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER EM|&#x1044b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER EN|&#x1044c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER ENG|&#x1044d;}}||style="background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER OI|&#x1044e;}}||style="background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER EW|&#x1044f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Shavian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1045x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER PEEP|&#x10450;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER TOT|&#x10451;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER KICK|&#x10452;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER FEE|&#x10453;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER THIGH|&#x10454;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER SO|&#x10455;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER SURE|&#x10456;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER CHURCH|&#x10457;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER YEA|&#x10458;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER HUNG|&#x10459;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER BIB|&#x1045a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER DEAD|&#x1045b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER GAG|&#x1045c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER VOW|&#x1045d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER THEY|&#x1045e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ZOO|&#x1045f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1046x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER MEASURE|&#x10460;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER JUDGE|&#x10461;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER WOE|&#x10462;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER HA-HA|&#x10463;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER LOLL|&#x10464;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER MIME|&#x10465;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER IF|&#x10466;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER EGG|&#x10467;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ASH|&#x10468;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ADO|&#x10469;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ON|&#x1046a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER WOOL|&#x1046b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER OUT|&#x1046c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER AH|&#x1046d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ROAR|&#x1046e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER NUN|&#x1046f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1047x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER EAT|&#x10470;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER AGE|&#x10471;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ICE|&#x10472;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER UP|&#x10473;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER OAK|&#x10474;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER OOZE|&#x10475;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER OIL|&#x10476;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER AWE|&#x10477;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ARE|&#x10478;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER OR|&#x10479;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER AIR|&#x1047a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ERR|&#x1047b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ARRAY|&#x1047c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER EAR|&#x1047d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER IAN|&#x1047e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER YEW|&#x1047f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Osmanya''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1048x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER ALEF|&#x10480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER BA|&#x10481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER TA|&#x10482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER JA|&#x10483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER XA|&#x10484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER KHA|&#x10485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER DEEL|&#x10486;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER RA|&#x10487;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER SA|&#x10488;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER SHIIN|&#x10489;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER DHA|&#x1048a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER CAYN|&#x1048b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER GA|&#x1048c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER FA|&#x1048d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER QAAF|&#x1048e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER KAAF|&#x1048f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1049x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER LAAN|&#x10490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER MIIN|&#x10491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER NUUN|&#x10492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER WAW|&#x10493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER HA|&#x10494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER YA|&#x10495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER A|&#x10496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER E|&#x10497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER I|&#x10498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER O|&#x10499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER U|&#x1049a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER AA|&#x1049b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER EE|&#x1049c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER OO|&#x1049d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|104Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT ZERO|&#x104a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT ONE|&#x104a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT TWO|&#x104a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT THREE|&#x104a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT FOUR|&#x104a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT FIVE|&#x104a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT SIX|&#x104a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT SEVEN|&#x104a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT EIGHT|&#x104a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT NINE|&#x104a9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Osage''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|104Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x104b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER AI|&#x104b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER AIN|&#x104b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER AH|&#x104b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER BRA|&#x104b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER CHA|&#x104b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER EHCHA|&#x104b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x104b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER EIN|&#x104b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER HA|&#x104b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER HYA|&#x104ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x104bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER KA|&#x104bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER EHKA|&#x104bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER KYA|&#x104be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER LA|&#x104bf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|104Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER MA|&#x104c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER NA|&#x104c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x104c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER OIN|&#x104c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER PA|&#x104c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER EHPA|&#x104c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER SA|&#x104c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER SHA|&#x104c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER TA|&#x104c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER EHTA|&#x104c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER TSA|&#x104ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER EHTSA|&#x104cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER TSHA|&#x104cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER DHA|&#x104cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x104ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER WA|&#x104cf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|104Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER KHA|&#x104d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER GHA|&#x104d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER ZA|&#x104d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER ZHA|&#x104d3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER A|&#x104d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER AI|&#x104d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER AIN|&#x104da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER AH|&#x104db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER BRA|&#x104dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER CHA|&#x104dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER EHCHA|&#x104de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER E|&#x104df;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|104Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER EIN|&#x104e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER HA|&#x104e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER HYA|&#x104e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER I|&#x104e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER KA|&#x104e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER EHKA|&#x104e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER KYA|&#x104e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER LA|&#x104e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER MA|&#x104e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER NA|&#x104e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER O|&#x104ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER OIN|&#x104eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER PA|&#x104ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER EHPA|&#x104ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER SA|&#x104ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER SHA|&#x104ef;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|104Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER TA|&#x104f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER EHTA|&#x104f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER TSA|&#x104f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER EHTSA|&#x104f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER TSHA|&#x104f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER DHA|&#x104f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER U|&#x104f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER WA|&#x104f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER KHA|&#x104f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER GHA|&#x104f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER ZA|&#x104fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER ZHA|&#x104fb;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Elbasan''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1050x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER A|&#x10500;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER BE|&#x10501;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER CE|&#x10502;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER CHE|&#x10503;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER DE|&#x10504;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER NDE|&#x10505;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER DHE|&#x10506;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER EI|&#x10507;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER E|&#x10508;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER FE|&#x10509;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER GE|&#x1050a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER GJE|&#x1050b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER HE|&#x1050c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER I|&#x1050d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER JE|&#x1050e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER KE|&#x1050f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1051x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER LE|&#x10510;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER LLE|&#x10511;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER ME|&#x10512;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER NE|&#x10513;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER NA|&#x10514;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER NJE|&#x10515;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER O|&#x10516;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER PE|&#x10517;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER QE|&#x10518;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER RE|&#x10519;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER RRE|&#x1051a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER SE|&#x1051b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER SHE|&#x1051c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER TE|&#x1051d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER THE|&#x1051e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER U|&#x1051f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1052x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER VE|&#x10520;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER XE|&#x10521;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER Y|&#x10522;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER ZE|&#x10523;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER ZHE|&#x10524;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER GHE|&#x10525;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER GHAMMA|&#x10526;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER KHE|&#x10527;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Caucasian Albanian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1053x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER ALT|&#x10530;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER BET|&#x10531;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER GIM|&#x10532;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER DAT|&#x10533;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER EB|&#x10534;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER ZARL|&#x10535;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER EYN|&#x10536;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER ZHIL|&#x10537;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER TAS|&#x10538;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER CHA|&#x10539;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER YOWD|&#x1053a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER ZHA|&#x1053b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER IRB|&#x1053c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER SHA|&#x1053d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER LAN|&#x1053e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER INYA|&#x1053f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1054x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER XEYN|&#x10540;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER DYAN|&#x10541;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER CAR|&#x10542;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER JHOX|&#x10543;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER KAR|&#x10544;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER LYIT|&#x10545;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER HEYT|&#x10546;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER QAY|&#x10547;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER AOR|&#x10548;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER CHOY|&#x10549;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER CHI|&#x1054a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER CYAY|&#x1054b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER MAQ|&#x1054c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER QAR|&#x1054d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER NOWC|&#x1054e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER DZYAY|&#x1054f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1055x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER SHAK|&#x10550;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER JAYN|&#x10551;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER ON|&#x10552;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER TYAY|&#x10553;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER FAM|&#x10554;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER DZAY|&#x10555;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER CHAT|&#x10556;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER PEN|&#x10557;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER GHEYS|&#x10558;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER RAT|&#x10559;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER SEYK|&#x1055a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER VEYZ|&#x1055b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER TIWR|&#x1055c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER SHOY|&#x1055d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER IWN|&#x1055e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER CYAW|&#x1055f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1056x |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER CAYN|&#x10560;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER YAYD|&#x10561;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER PIWR|&#x10562;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER KIW|&#x10563;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN CITATION MARK|&#x1056f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Vithkuqi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1057x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x10570;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER BBE|&#x10571;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER BE|&#x10572;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER CE|&#x10573;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER CHE|&#x10574;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER DE|&#x10575;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER DHE|&#x10576;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER EI|&#x10577;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x10578;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER FE|&#x10579;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER GA|&#x1057a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER HA|&#x1057c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER HHA|&#x1057d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x1057e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER IJE|&#x1057f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1058x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER JE|&#x10580;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER KA|&#x10581;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER LA|&#x10582;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER LLA|&#x10583;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER ME|&#x10584;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER NE|&#x10585;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER NJE|&#x10586;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x10587;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER PE|&#x10588;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER QA|&#x10589;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER RE|&#x1058a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER SE|&#x1058c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER SHE|&#x1058d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER TE|&#x1058e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER THE|&#x1058f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1059x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x10590;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER VE|&#x10591;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER XE|&#x10592;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER YE|&#x10594;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER ZE|&#x10595;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER A|&#x10597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER BBE|&#x10598;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER BE|&#x10599;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER CE|&#x1059a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER CHE|&#x1059b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER DE|&#x1059c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER DHE|&#x1059d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER EI|&#x1059e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER E|&#x1059f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|105Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER FE|&#x105a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER GA|&#x105a1;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER HA|&#x105a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER HHA|&#x105a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER I|&#x105a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER IJE|&#x105a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER JE|&#x105a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER KA|&#x105a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER LA|&#x105a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER LLA|&#x105aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER ME|&#x105ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER NE|&#x105ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER NJE|&#x105ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER O|&#x105ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER PE|&#x105af;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|105Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER QA|&#x105b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER RE|&#x105b1;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER SE|&#x105b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER SHE|&#x105b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER TE|&#x105b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER THE|&#x105b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER U|&#x105b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER VE|&#x105b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER XE|&#x105b9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER Y|&#x105bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER ZE|&#x105bc;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Todhri''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|105Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER A|&#x105c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER AS|&#x105c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER BA|&#x105c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER MBA|&#x105c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER CA|&#x105c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER CHA|&#x105c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER DA|&#x105c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER NDA|&#x105c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER DHA|&#x105c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER EI|&#x105c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER E|&#x105ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER FA|&#x105cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER GA|&#x105cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER NGA|&#x105cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER GJA|&#x105ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER NGJA|&#x105cb;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|105Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER HA|&#x105d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER HJA|&#x105d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER I|&#x105d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER JA|&#x105d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER KA|&#x105d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER LA|&#x105d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER LLA|&#x105d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER MA|&#x105d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER NA|&#x105d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER NJAN|&#x105d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER O|&#x105da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER PA|&#x105db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER QA|&#x105dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER RA|&#x105dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER RRA|&#x105de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER sA|&#x105df;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|105Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER SHA|&#x105e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER SHTA|&#x105e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER TA|&#x105e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER THA|&#x105e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER U|&#x105e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER VA|&#x105e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER XA|&#x105e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER NXA|&#x105e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER XHA|&#x105e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER NXHA|&#x105e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER Y|&#x105ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER JY|&#x105eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER ZA|&#x105ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER ZHA|&#x105ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER GHA|&#x105ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER STA|&#x105ef;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|105Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER SKAN|&#x105f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER KHA|&#x105f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER PSA|&#x105f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER OO|&#x105f3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Linear A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1060x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB001|&#x10600;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB002|&#x10601;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB003|&#x10602;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB004|&#x10603;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB005|&#x10604;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB006|&#x10605;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB007|&#x10606;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB008|&#x10607;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB009|&#x10608;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB010|&#x10609;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB011|&#x1060a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB013|&#x1060b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB016|&#x1060c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB017|&#x1060d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB020|&#x1060e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB021|&#x1060f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1061x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB021F|&#x10610;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB021M|&#x10611;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB022|&#x10612;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB022F|&#x10613;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB022M|&#x10614;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB023|&#x10615;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB023M|&#x10616;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB024|&#x10617;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB026|&#x10618;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB027|&#x10619;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB028|&#x1061a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A028B|&#x1061b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB029|&#x1061c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB030|&#x1061d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB031|&#x1061e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB034|&#x1061f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1062x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB037|&#x10620;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB038|&#x10621;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB039|&#x10622;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB040|&#x10623;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB041|&#x10624;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB044|&#x10625;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB045|&#x10626;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB046|&#x10627;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB047|&#x10628;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB048|&#x10629;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB049|&#x1062a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB050|&#x1062b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB051|&#x1062c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB053|&#x1062d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB054|&#x1062e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB055|&#x1062f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1063x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB056|&#x10630;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB057|&#x10631;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB058|&#x10632;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB059|&#x10633;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB060|&#x10634;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB061|&#x10635;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB065|&#x10636;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB066|&#x10637;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB067|&#x10638;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB069|&#x10639;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB070|&#x1063a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB073|&#x1063b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB074|&#x1063c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB076|&#x1063d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB077|&#x1063e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB078|&#x1063f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1064x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB079|&#x10640;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB080|&#x10641;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB081|&#x10642;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB082|&#x10643;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB085|&#x10644;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB086|&#x10645;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB087|&#x10646;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A100-102|&#x10647;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB118|&#x10648;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB120|&#x10649;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A120B|&#x1064a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB122|&#x1064b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB123|&#x1064c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB131A|&#x1064d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB131B|&#x1064e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A131C|&#x1064f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1065x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB164|&#x10650;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB171|&#x10651;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB180|&#x10652;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB188|&#x10653;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB191|&#x10654;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A301|&#x10655;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A302|&#x10656;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A303|&#x10657;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A304|&#x10658;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A305|&#x10659;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A306|&#x1065a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A307|&#x1065b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A308|&#x1065c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A309A|&#x1065d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A309B|&#x1065e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A309C|&#x1065f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1066x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A310|&#x10660;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A311|&#x10661;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A312|&#x10662;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A313A|&#x10663;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A313B|&#x10664;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A313C|&#x10665;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A314|&#x10666;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A315|&#x10667;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A316|&#x10668;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A317|&#x10669;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A318|&#x1066a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A319|&#x1066b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A320|&#x1066c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A321|&#x1066d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A322|&#x1066e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A323|&#x1066f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1067x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A324|&#x10670;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A325|&#x10671;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A326|&#x10672;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A327|&#x10673;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A328|&#x10674;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A329|&#x10675;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A330|&#x10676;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A331|&#x10677;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A332|&#x10678;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A333|&#x10679;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A334|&#x1067a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A335|&#x1067b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A336|&#x1067c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A337|&#x1067d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A338|&#x1067e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A339|&#x1067f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1068x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A340|&#x10680;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A341|&#x10681;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A342|&#x10682;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A343|&#x10683;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A344|&#x10684;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A345|&#x10685;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A346|&#x10686;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A347|&#x10687;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A348|&#x10688;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A349|&#x10689;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A350|&#x1068a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A351|&#x1068b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A352|&#x1068c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A353|&#x1068d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A354|&#x1068e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A355|&#x1068f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1069x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A356|&#x10690;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A357|&#x10691;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A358|&#x10692;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A359|&#x10693;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A360|&#x10694;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A361|&#x10695;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A362|&#x10696;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A363|&#x10697;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A364|&#x10698;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A365|&#x10699;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A366|&#x1069a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A367|&#x1069b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A368|&#x1069c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A369|&#x1069d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A370|&#x1069e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A371|&#x1069f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|106Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A400-VAS|&#x106a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A401-VAS|&#x106a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A402-VAS|&#x106a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A403-VAS|&#x106a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A404-VAS|&#x106a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A405-VAS|&#x106a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A406-VAS|&#x106a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A407-VAS|&#x106a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A408-VAS|&#x106a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A409-VAS|&#x106a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A410-VAS|&#x106aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A411-VAS|&#x106ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A412-VAS|&#x106ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A413-VAS|&#x106ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A414-VAS|&#x106ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A415-VAS|&#x106af;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|106Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A416-VAS|&#x106b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A417-VAS|&#x106b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A418-VAS|&#x106b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A501|&#x106b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A502|&#x106b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A503|&#x106b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A504|&#x106b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A505|&#x106b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A506|&#x106b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A508|&#x106b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A509|&#x106ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A510|&#x106bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A511|&#x106bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A512|&#x106bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A513|&#x106be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A515|&#x106bf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|106Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A516|&#x106c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A520|&#x106c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A521|&#x106c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A523|&#x106c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A524|&#x106c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A525|&#x106c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A526|&#x106c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A527|&#x106c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A528|&#x106c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A529|&#x106c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A530|&#x106ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A531|&#x106cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A532|&#x106cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A534|&#x106cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A535|&#x106ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A536|&#x106cf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|106Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A537|&#x106d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A538|&#x106d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A539|&#x106d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A540|&#x106d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A541|&#x106d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A542|&#x106d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A545|&#x106d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A547|&#x106d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A548|&#x106d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A549|&#x106d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A550|&#x106da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A551|&#x106db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A552|&#x106dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A553|&#x106dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A554|&#x106de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A555|&#x106df;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|106Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A556|&#x106e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A557|&#x106e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A559|&#x106e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A563|&#x106e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A564|&#x106e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A565|&#x106e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A566|&#x106e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A568|&#x106e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A569|&#x106e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A570|&#x106e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A571|&#x106ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A572|&#x106eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A573|&#x106ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A574|&#x106ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A575|&#x106ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A576|&#x106ef;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|106Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A577|&#x106f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A578|&#x106f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A579|&#x106f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A580|&#x106f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A581|&#x106f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A582|&#x106f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A583|&#x106f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A584|&#x106f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A585|&#x106f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A586|&#x106f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A587|&#x106fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A588|&#x106fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A589|&#x106fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A591|&#x106fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A592|&#x106fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A594|&#x106ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1070x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A595|&#x10700;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A596|&#x10701;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A598|&#x10702;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A600|&#x10703;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A601|&#x10704;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A602|&#x10705;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A603|&#x10706;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A604|&#x10707;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A606|&#x10708;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A608|&#x10709;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A609|&#x1070a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A610|&#x1070b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A611|&#x1070c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A612|&#x1070d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A613|&#x1070e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A614|&#x1070f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1071x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A615|&#x10710;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A616|&#x10711;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A617|&#x10712;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A618|&#x10713;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A619|&#x10714;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A620|&#x10715;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A621|&#x10716;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A622|&#x10717;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A623|&#x10718;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A624|&#x10719;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A626|&#x1071a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A627|&#x1071b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A628|&#x1071c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A629|&#x1071d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A634|&#x1071e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A637|&#x1071f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1072x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A638|&#x10720;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A640|&#x10721;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A642|&#x10722;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A643|&#x10723;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A644|&#x10724;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A645|&#x10725;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A646|&#x10726;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A648|&#x10727;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A649|&#x10728;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A651|&#x10729;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A652|&#x1072a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A653|&#x1072b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A654|&#x1072c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A655|&#x1072d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A656|&#x1072e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A657|&#x1072f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1073x |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A658|&#x10730;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A659|&#x10731;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A660|&#x10732;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A661|&#x10733;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A662|&#x10734;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A663|&#x10735;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A664|&#x10736;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1074x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A701 A|&#x10740;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A702 B|&#x10741;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A703 D|&#x10742;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A704 E|&#x10743;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A705 F|&#x10744;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A706 H|&#x10745;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A707 J|&#x10746;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A708 K|&#x10747;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A709 L|&#x10748;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A709-2 L2|&#x10749;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A709-3 L3|&#x1074a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A709-4 L4|&#x1074b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A709-6 L6|&#x1074c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A710 W|&#x1074d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A711 X|&#x1074e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A712 Y|&#x1074f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1075x |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A713 OMEGA|&#x10750;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A714 ABB|&#x10751;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A715 BB|&#x10752;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A717 DD|&#x10753;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A726 EYYY|&#x10754;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A732 JE|&#x10755;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1076x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A800|&#x10760;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A801|&#x10761;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A802|&#x10762;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A803|&#x10763;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A804|&#x10764;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A805|&#x10765;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A806|&#x10766;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A807|&#x10767;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1077x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended-F''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1078x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL AA|&#x10780;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SUPERSCRIPT TRIANGULAR COLON|&#x10781;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SUPERSCRIPT HALF TRIANGULAR COLON|&#x10782;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL AE|&#x10783;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL B|&#x10784;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL B WITH HOOK|&#x10785;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DZ DIGRAPH|&#x10787;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DZ DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x10788;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DZ DIGRAPH WITH CURL|&#x10789;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DEZH DIGRAPH|&#x1078a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER MODIFIER LETTER SMALL D WITH TAIL|&#x1078b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL D WITH HOOK|&#x1078c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL D WITH HOOK AND TAIL|&#x1078d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED E|&#x1078e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CLOSED REVERSED OPEN E|&#x1078f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1079x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL FENG DIGRAPH|&#x10790;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL RAMS HORN|&#x10791;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G|&#x10792;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL G WITH HOOK|&#x10793;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G WITH HOOK|&#x10794;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H WITH STROKE|&#x10795;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL H|&#x10796;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL HENG WITH HOOK|&#x10797;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LETTER SMALL DOTLESS J WITH STROKE AND HOOK|&#x10798;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LS DIGRAPH|&#x10799;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LZ DIGRAPH|&#x1079a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L WITH BELT|&#x1079b;}}&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L WITH BELT|&#x1079c;}}&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L WITH RETROFLEX HOOK AND BELT|&#x1079d;}}&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH|&#x1079e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1079f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|107Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED Y|&#x107a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH|&#x107a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED Y WITH BELT|&#x107a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL OE|&#x107a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CLOSED OMEGA|&#x107a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Q|&#x107a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R WITH LONG LEG|&#x107a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R WITH LONG LEG AND RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x107a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL R WITH TAIL|&#x107a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL R WITH FISHHOOK|&#x107a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R|&#x107aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TC DIGRAPH WITH CURL|&#x107ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TS DIGRAPH|&#x107ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TS DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x107ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TESH DIGRAPH|&#x107ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x107af;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|107Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL V WITH RIGHT HOOK|&#x107b0;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL Y|&#x107b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE|&#x107b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE|&#x107b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER BILABIAL CLICK|&#x107b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DENTAL CLICK|&#x107b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LATERAL CLICK|&#x107b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER ALVEOLAR CLICK|&#x107b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x107b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S WITH CURL|&#x107ba;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED T|&#x107bb;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED T|&#x107bc;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP|&#x107bd;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER STRETCHED C|&#x107be;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL ESH WITH DOUBLE BAR|&#x107bf;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended-A''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|107Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|107Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|107Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|107Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Cypriot Syllabary''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1080x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE A|&#x10800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE E|&#x10801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE I|&#x10802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE O|&#x10803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE U|&#x10804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE JA|&#x10805;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE JO|&#x10808;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE KA|&#x1080a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE KE|&#x1080b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE KI|&#x1080c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE KO|&#x1080d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE KU|&#x1080e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE LA|&#x1080f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1081x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE LE|&#x10810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE LI|&#x10811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE LO|&#x10812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE LU|&#x10813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE MA|&#x10814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE ME|&#x10815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE MI|&#x10816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE MO|&#x10817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE MU|&#x10818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE NA|&#x10819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE NE|&#x1081a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE NI|&#x1081b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE NO|&#x1081c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE NU|&#x1081d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE PA|&#x1081e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE PE|&#x1081f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1082x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE PI|&#x10820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE PO|&#x10821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE PU|&#x10822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE RA|&#x10823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE RE|&#x10824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE RI|&#x10825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE RO|&#x10826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE RU|&#x10827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE SA|&#x10828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE SE|&#x10829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE SI|&#x1082a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE SO|&#x1082b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE SU|&#x1082c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE TA|&#x1082d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE TE|&#x1082e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE TI|&#x1082f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1083x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE TO|&#x10830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE TU|&#x10831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE WA|&#x10832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE WE|&#x10833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE WI|&#x10834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE WO|&#x10835;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE XA|&#x10837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE XE|&#x10838;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE ZA|&#x1083c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE ZO|&#x1083f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Imperial Aramaic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1084x |{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER ALEPH|&#x10840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER BETH|&#x10841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER GIMEL|&#x10842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER DALETH|&#x10843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER HE|&#x10844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER WAW|&#x10845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER ZAYIN|&#x10846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER HETH|&#x10847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER TETH|&#x10848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER YODH|&#x10849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER KAPH|&#x1084a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER LAMEDH|&#x1084b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER MEM|&#x1084c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER NUN|&#x1084d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER SAMEKH|&#x1084e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER AYIN|&#x1084f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1085x |{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER PE|&#x10850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER SADHE|&#x10851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER QOPH|&#x10852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER RESH|&#x10853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER SHIN|&#x10854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER TAW|&#x10855;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC SECTION SIGN|&#x10857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER ONE|&#x10858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER TWO|&#x10859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER THREE|&#x1085a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER TEN|&#x1085b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER TWENTY|&#x1085c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x1085d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#x1085e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER TEN THOUSAND|&#x1085f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Palmyrene''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1086x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER ALEPH|&#x10860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER BETH|&#x10861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER GIMEL|&#x10862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER DALETH|&#x10863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER HE|&#x10864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER WAW|&#x10865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER ZAYIN|&#x10866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER HETH|&#x10867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER TETH|&#x10868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER YODH|&#x10869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER KAPH|&#x1086a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER LAMEDH|&#x1086b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER MEM|&#x1086c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER FINAL NUN|&#x1086d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER NUN|&#x1086e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER SAMEKH|&#x1086f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1087x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER AYIN|&#x10870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER PE|&#x10871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER SADHE|&#x10872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER QOPH|&#x10873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER RESH|&#x10874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER SHIN|&#x10875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER TAW|&#x10876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LEFT-POINTING FLEURON|&#x10877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE RIGHT-POINTING FLEURON|&#x10878;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE NUMBER ONE|&#x10879;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE NUMBER TWO|&#x1087a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE NUMBER THREE|&#x1087b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE NUMBER FOUR|&#x1087c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE NUMBER FIVE|&#x1087d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE NUMBER TEN|&#x1087e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE NUMBER TWENTY|&#x1087f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Nabataean''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1088x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL ALEPH|&#x10880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER ALEPH|&#x10881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL BETH|&#x10882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER BETH|&#x10883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER GIMEL|&#x10884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER DALETH|&#x10885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL HE|&#x10886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER HE|&#x10887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER WAW|&#x10888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER ZAYIN|&#x10889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER HETH|&#x1088a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER TETH|&#x1088b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL YODH|&#x1088c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER YODH|&#x1088d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL KAPH|&#x1088e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER KAPH|&#x1088f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1089x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL LAMEDH|&#x10890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER LAMEDH|&#x10891;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL MEM|&#x10892;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER MEM|&#x10893;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL NUN|&#x10894;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER NUN|&#x10895;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER SAMEKH|&#x10896;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER AYIN|&#x10897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER PE|&#x10898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER SADHE|&#x10899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER QOPH|&#x1089a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER RESH|&#x1089b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL SHIN|&#x1089c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER SHIN|&#x1089d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER TAW|&#x1089e;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|108Ax |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN NUMBER ONE|&#x108a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN NUMBER TWO|&#x108a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN NUMBER THREE|&#x108a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN NUMBER FOUR|&#x108aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN CRUCIFORM NUMBER FOUR|&#x108ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN NUMBER FIVE|&#x108ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN NUMBER TEN|&#x108ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN NUMBER TWENTY|&#x108ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x108af;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Proto-Sinatic''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|108Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|108Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|108Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Hatran''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|108Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER ALEPH|&#x108e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER BETH|&#x108e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER GIMEL|&#x108e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER DALETH-RESH|&#x108e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER HE|&#x108e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER WAW|&#x108e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER ZAYN|&#x108e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER HETH|&#x108e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER TETH|&#x108e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER YODH|&#x108e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER KAPH|&#x108ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER LAMEDH|&#x108eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER MEM|&#x108ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER NUN|&#x108ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER SAMEKH|&#x108ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER AYN|&#x108ef;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|108Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER PE|&#x108f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER SADHE|&#x108f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER QOPH|&#x108f2;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER SHIN|&#x108f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER TAW|&#x108f5;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN NUMBER ONE|&#x108fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN NUMBER FIVE|&#x108fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN NUMBER TEN|&#x108fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN NUMBER TWENTY|&#x108fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x108ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Phoenician''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1090x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER ALF|&#x10900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER BET|&#x10901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER GAML|&#x10902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER DELT|&#x10903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER HE|&#x10904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER WAU|&#x10905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER ZAI|&#x10906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER HET|&#x10907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER TET|&#x10908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER YOD|&#x10909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER KAF|&#x1090a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER LAMD|&#x1090b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER MEM|&#x1090c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER NUN|&#x1090d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER SEMK|&#x1090e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER AIN|&#x1090f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1091x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER PE|&#x10910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER SADE|&#x10911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER QOF|&#x10912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER ROSH|&#x10913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER SHIN|&#x10914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER TAU|&#x10915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN NUMBER ONE|&#x10916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN NUMBER TEN|&#x10917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN NUMBER TWENTY|&#x10918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x10919;}}||style="background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN NUMBER TWO|&#x1091a;}}||style="background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN NUMBER THREE|&#x1091b;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN WORD SEPARATOR|&#x1091f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Lydian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1092x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER A|&#x10920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER B|&#x10921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER G|&#x10922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER D|&#x10923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER E|&#x10924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER V|&#x10925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER I|&#x10926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER Y|&#x10927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER K|&#x10928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER L|&#x10929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER M|&#x1092a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER N|&#x1092b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER O|&#x1092c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER R|&#x1092d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER SS|&#x1092e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER T|&#x1092f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1093x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER U|&#x10930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER F|&#x10931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER Q|&#x10932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER S|&#x10933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER TT|&#x10934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER AN|&#x10935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER EN|&#x10936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER LY|&#x10937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER NN|&#x10938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER C|&#x10939;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN TRIANGULAR MARK|&#x1093f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sidetic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1094x |style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N01|&#x10940;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N02|&#x10941;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N03|&#x10942;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N04|&#x10943;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N05|&#x10944;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N06|&#x10945;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N07|&#x10946;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N08|&#x10947;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N09|&#x10948;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N10|&#x10949;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N11|&#x1094a;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N12|&#x1094b;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N13|&#x1094c;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N14|&#x1094d;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N15|&#x1094e;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N16|&#x1094f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1095x |style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N17|&#x10950;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N18|&#x10951;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N19|&#x10952;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N20|&#x10953;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N21|&#x10954;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N22|&#x10955;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N23|&#x10956;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N24|&#x10957;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N25|&#x10958;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N26|&#x10959;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Numidian'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1096x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1097x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Meroitic Hieroglyphs''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1098x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER A|&#x10980;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER E|&#x10981;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER I|&#x10982;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER O|&#x10983;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER YA|&#x10984;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER WA|&#x10985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER BA|&#x10986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER BA-2|&#x10987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER PA|&#x10988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER MA|&#x10989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER NA|&#x1098a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER NA-2|&#x1098b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER NE|&#x1098c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER NE-2|&#x1098d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER RA|&#x1098e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER RA-2|&#x1098f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1099x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER LA|&#x10990;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER KHA|&#x10991;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER HHA|&#x10992;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER SA|&#x10993;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER SA-2|&#x10994;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER SE|&#x10995;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER KA|&#x10996;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER QA|&#x10997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER TA|&#x10998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER TA-2|&#x10999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER TE|&#x1099a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER TE-2|&#x1099b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER TO|&#x1099c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER DA|&#x1099d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC SYMBOL VIDJ|&#x1099e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC SYMBOL VIDJ-2|&#x1099f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Meroitic Cursive''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|109Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER A|&#x109a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER E|&#x109a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER I|&#x109a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER O|&#x109a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER YA|&#x109a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER WA|&#x109a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER BA|&#x109a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER PA|&#x109a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER MA|&#x109a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER NA|&#x109a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER NE|&#x109aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER RA|&#x109ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER LA|&#x109ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER KHA|&#x109ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER HHA|&#x109ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER SA|&#x109af;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|109Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER ARCHAIC SA|&#x109b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER SE|&#x109b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER KA|&#x109b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER QA|&#x109b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER TA|&#x109b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER TE|&#x109b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER TO|&#x109b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER DA|&#x109b7;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION ELEVEN TWELFTHS|&#x109bc;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION ONE HALF|&#x109bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LOGOGRAM RMT|&#x109be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LOGOGRAM IMN|&#x109bf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|109Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER ONE|&#x109c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER TWO|&#x109c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER THREE|&#x109c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FOUR|&#x109c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FIVE|&#x109c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SIX|&#x109c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SEVEN|&#x109c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER EIGHT|&#x109c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER NINE|&#x109c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER TEN|&#x109c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER TWENTY|&#x109ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER THIRTY|&#x109cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FORTY|&#x109cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FIFTY|&#x109cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SIXTY|&#x109ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x109cf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|109Dx |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x109d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER TWO HUNDRED|&#x109d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER THREE HUNDRED|&#x109d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED|&#x109d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FIVE HUNDRED|&#x109d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SIX HUNDRED|&#x109d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED|&#x109d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED|&#x109d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER NINE HUNDRED|&#x109da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#x109db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER TWO THOUSAND|&#x109dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER THREE THOUSAND|&#x109dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FOUR THOUSAND|&#x109de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FIVE THOUSAND|&#x109df;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|109Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SIX THOUSAND|&#x109e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SEVEN THOUSAND|&#x109e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER EIGHT THOUSAND|&#x109e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER NINE THOUSAND|&#x109e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER TEN THOUSAND|&#x109e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER TWENTY THOUSAND|&#x109e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER THIRTY THOUSAND|&#x109e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FORTY THOUSAND|&#x109e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FIFTY THOUSAND|&#x109e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SIXTY THOUSAND|&#x109e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SEVENTY THOUSAND|&#x109ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER EIGHTY THOUSAND|&#x109eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER NINETY THOUSAND|&#x109ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND|&#x109ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND|&#x109ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND|&#x109ef;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|109Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED THOUSAND|&#x109f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND|&#x109f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SIX HUNDRED THOUSAND|&#x109f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED THOUSAND|&#x109f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED THOUSAND|&#x109f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER NINE HUNDRED THOUSAND|&#x109f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION ONE TWELFTH|&#x109f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION TWO TWELFTHS|&#x109f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION THREE TWELFTHS|&#x109f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION FOUR TWELFTHS|&#x109f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION FIVE TWELFTHS|&#x109fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION SIX TWELFTHS|&#x109fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION SEVEN TWELFTHS|&#x109fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION EIGHT TWELFTHS|&#x109fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION NINE TWELFTHS|&#x109fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION TEN TWELFTHS|&#x109ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Kharoshthi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10A0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER A|&#x10a00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x10a01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x10a02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x10a03;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x10a05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x10a06;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI VOWEL LENGTH MARK|&#x10a0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI SIGN DOUBLE RING BELOW|&#x10a0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x10a0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI SIGN VISARGA|&#x10a0f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10A1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER KA|&#x10a10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER KHA|&#x10a11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER GA|&#x10a12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER GHA|&#x10a13;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER CA|&#x10a15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER CHA|&#x10a16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER JA|&#x10a17;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER NYA|&#x10a19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER TTA|&#x10a1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER TTHA|&#x10a1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER DDA|&#x10a1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER DDHA|&#x10a1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER NNA|&#x10a1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER TA|&#x10a1f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10A2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER THA|&#x10a20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER DA|&#x10a21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER DHA|&#x10a22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER NA|&#x10a23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER PA|&#x10a24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER PHA|&#x10a25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER BA|&#x10a26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER BHA|&#x10a27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER MA|&#x10a28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER YA|&#x10a29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER RA|&#x10a2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER LA|&#x10a2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER VA|&#x10a2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER SHA|&#x10a2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER SSA|&#x10a2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER SA|&#x10a2f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10A3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER ZA|&#x10a30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER HA|&#x10a31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER KKA|&#x10a32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER TTTHA|&#x10a33;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER TTTA|&#x10a34;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER VHA|&#x10a35;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI SIGN BAR ABOVE|&#x10a38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI SIGN CAUDA|&#x10a39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI SIGN DOT BELOW|&#x10a3a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI VIRAMA|&nbsp;&#x10a3f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10A4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI DIGIT ONE|&#x10a40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI DIGIT TWO|&#x10a41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI DIGIT THREE|&#x10a42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI DIGIT FOUR|&#x10a43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI NUMBER TEN|&#x10a44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI NUMBER TWENTY|&#x10a45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x10a46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#x10a47;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI FRACTION ONE HALF|&#x10a48;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10A5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION DOT|&#x10a50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION SMALL CIRCLE|&#x10a51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION CIRCLE|&#x10a52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION CRESCENT BAR|&#x10a53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION MANGALAM|&#x10a54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION LOTUS|&#x10a55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION DANDA|&#x10a56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION DOUBLE DANDA|&#x10a57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION LINES|&#x10a58;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Old South Arabian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10A6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER HE|&#x10a60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER LAMEDH|&#x10a61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER HETH|&#x10a62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER MEM|&#x10a63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER QOPH|&#x10a64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER WAW|&#x10a65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER SHIN|&#x10a66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER RESH|&#x10a67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER BETH|&#x10a68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER TAW|&#x10a69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER SAT|&#x10a6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER KAPH|&#x10a6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER NUN|&#x10a6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER KHETH|&#x10a6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER SADHE|&#x10a6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER SAMEKH|&#x10a6f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10A7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER FE|&#x10a70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER ALEF|&#x10a71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER AYN|&#x10a72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER DHADHE|&#x10a73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER GIMEL|&#x10a74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER DALETH|&#x10a75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER GHAYN|&#x10a76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER TETH|&#x10a77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER ZAYN|&#x10a78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER DHALETH|&#x10a79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER YODH|&#x10a7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER THAW|&#x10a7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER THETH|&#x10a7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN NUMBER ONE|&#x10a7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN NUMBER FIFTY|&#x10a7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN NUMERIC INDICATOR|&#x10a7f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Old North Arabian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10A8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER HEH|&#x10a80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER LAM|&#x10a81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER HAH|&#x10a82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER MEEM|&#x10a83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER QAF|&#x10a84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER WAW|&#x10a85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER ES-2|&#x10a86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER REH|&#x10a87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER BEH|&#x10a88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER TEH|&#x10a89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER ES-1|&#x10a8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER KAF|&#x10a8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER NOON|&#x10a8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER KHAH|&#x10a8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER SAD|&#x10a8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER ES-3|&#x10a8f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10A9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER FEH|&#x10a90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER ALEF|&#x10a91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER AIN|&#x10a92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER DAD|&#x10a93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER GEEM|&#x10a94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER DAL|&#x10a95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER GHAIN|&#x10a96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER TAH|&#x10a97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER ZAIN|&#x10a98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER THAL|&#x10a99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER YEH|&#x10a9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER THEH|&#x10a9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER ZAH|&#x10a9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN NUMBER ONE|&#x10a9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN NUMBER TEN|&#x10a9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN NUMBER TWENTY|&#x10a9f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Balti-A''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10AAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10ABx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Manichaean''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10ACx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER ALEPH|&#x10ac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER BETH|&#x10ac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER BHETH|&#x10ac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER GIMEL|&#x10ac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER GHIMEL|&#x10ac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER DALETH|&#x10ac5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER HE|&#x10ac6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER WAW|&#x10ac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN SIGN UD|&#x10ac8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER ZAYIN|&#x10ac9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER ZHAYIN|&#x10aca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER JAYIN|&#x10acb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER JHAYIN|&#x10acc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER HETH|&#x10acd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER TETH|&#x10ace;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER YODH|&#x10acf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10ADx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER KAPH|&#x10ad0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER XAPH|&#x10ad1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER KHAPH|&#x10ad2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER LAMEDH|&#x10ad3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER DHAMEDH|&#x10ad4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER THAMEDH|&#x10ad5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER MEM|&#x10ad6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER NUN|&#x10ad7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER SAMEKH|&#x10ad8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER AYIN|&#x10ad9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER AAYIN|&#x10ada;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER PE|&#x10adb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER FE|&#x10adc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER SADHE|&#x10add;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER QOPH|&#x10ade;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER XOPH|&#x10adf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10AEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER QHOPH|&#x10ae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER RESH|&#x10ae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER SHIN|&#x10ae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER SSHIN|&#x10ae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER TAW|&#x10ae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN ABBREVIATION MARK ABOVE|&#x10ae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN ABBREVIATION MARK BELOW|&#x10ae6;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN NUMBER ONE|&#x10aeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN NUMBER FIVE|&#x10aec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN NUMBER TEN|&#x10aed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN NUMBER TWENTY|&#x10aee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x10aef;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10AFx |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN PUNCTUATION STAR|&#x10af0;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN PUNCTUATION FLEURON|&#x10af1;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN PUNCTUATION DOUBLE DOT WITHIN DOT|&#x10af2;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN PUNCTUATION DOT WITHIN DOT|&#x10af3;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN PUNCTUATION DOT|&#x10af4;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN PUNCTUATION TWO DOTS|&#x10af5;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN PUNCTUATION LINE FILLER|&#x10af6;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Avestan''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10B0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER A|&#x10b00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER AA|&#x10b01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER AO|&#x10b02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER AAO|&#x10b03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER AN|&#x10b04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER AAN|&#x10b05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER AE|&#x10b06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER AEE|&#x10b07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER E|&#x10b08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER EE|&#x10b09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER O|&#x10b0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER OO|&#x10b0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER I|&#x10b0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER II|&#x10b0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER U|&#x10b0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER UU|&#x10b0f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10B1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER KE|&#x10b10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER XE|&#x10b11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER XYE|&#x10b12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER XVE|&#x10b13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER GE|&#x10b14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER GGE|&#x10b15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER GHE|&#x10b16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER CE|&#x10b17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER JE|&#x10b18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER TE|&#x10b19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER THE|&#x10b1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER DE|&#x10b1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER DHE|&#x10b1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER TTE|&#x10b1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER PE|&#x10b1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER FE|&#x10b1f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10B2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER BE|&#x10b20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER BHE|&#x10b21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER NGE|&#x10b22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER NGYE|&#x10b23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER NGVE|&#x10b24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER NE|&#x10b25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER NYE|&#x10b26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER NNE|&#x10b27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER ME|&#x10b28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER HME|&#x10b29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER YYE|&#x10b2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER YE|&#x10b2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER VE|&#x10b2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER RE|&#x10b2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER LE|&#x10b2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER SE|&#x10b2f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10B3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER ZE|&#x10b30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER SHE|&#x10b31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER ZHE|&#x10b32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER SHYE|&#x10b33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER SSHE|&#x10b34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER HE|&#x10b35;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN ABBREVIATION MARK|&#x10b39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TINY TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION|&#x10b3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION|&#x10b3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION|&#x10b3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE ONE DOT OVER TWO DOTS PUNCTUATION|&#x10b3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TWO RINGS OVER ONE RING PUNCTUATION|&#x10b3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE ONE RING OVER TWO RINGS PUNCTUATION|&#x10b3f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Inscriptional Parthian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10B4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER ALEPH|&#x10b40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER BETH|&#x10b41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER GIMEL|&#x10b42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER DALETH|&#x10b43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER HE|&#x10b44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER WAW|&#x10b45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER ZAYIN|&#x10b46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER HETH|&#x10b47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER TETH|&#x10b48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER YODH|&#x10b49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER KAPH|&#x10b4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER LAMEDH|&#x10b4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER MEM|&#x10b4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER NUN|&#x10b4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER SAMEKH|&#x10b4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER AYIN|&#x10b4f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10B5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER PE|&#x10b50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER SADHE|&#x10b51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER QOPH|&#x10b52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER RESH|&#x10b53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER SHIN|&#x10b54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER TAW|&#x10b55;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER ONE|&#x10b58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER TWO|&#x10b59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER THREE|&#x10b5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER FOUR|&#x10b5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER TEN|&#x10b5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER TWENTY|&#x10b5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x10b5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#x10b5f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Inscriptional Pahlavi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10B6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER ALEPH|&#x10b60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER BETH|&#x10b61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER GIMEL|&#x10b62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER DALETH|&#x10b63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER HE|&#x10b64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER WAW-AYIN-RESH|&#x10b65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER ZAYIN|&#x10b66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER HETH|&#x10b67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER TETH|&#x10b68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER YODH|&#x10b69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER KAPH|&#x10b6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER LAMEDH|&#x10b6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER MEM-QOPH|&#x10b6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER NUN|&#x10b6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER SAMEKH|&#x10b6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER PE|&#x10b6f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10B7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER SADHE|&#x10b70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER SHIN|&#x10b71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER TAW|&#x10b72;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER ONE|&#x10b78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER TWO|&#x10b79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER THREE|&#x10b7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER FOUR|&#x10b7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER TEN|&#x10b7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER TWENTY|&#x10b7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x10b7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#x10b7f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Psalter Pahlavi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10B8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER ALEPH|&#x10b80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER BETH|&#x10b81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER GIMEL|&#x10b82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER DALETH|&#x10b83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER HE|&#x10b84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER WAW-AYIN-RESH|&#x10b85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER ZAYIN|&#x10b86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER HETH|&#x10b87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER YODH|&#x10b88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER KAPH|&#x10b89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER LAMEDH|&#x10b8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER MEM-QOPH|&#x10b8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER NUN|&#x10b8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER SAMEKH|&#x10b8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER PE|&#x10b8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER SADHE|&#x10b8f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10B9x |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER SHIN|&#x10b90;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER TAW|&#x10b91;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI SECTION MARK|&#x10b99;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI TURNED SECTION MARK|&#x10b9a;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI FOUR DOTS WITH CROSS|&#x10b9b;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI FOUR DOTS WITH DOT|&#x10b9c;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10BAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI NUMBER ONE|&#x10ba9;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI NUMBER TWO|&#x10baa;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI NUMBER THREE|&#x10bab;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI NUMBER FOUR|&#x10bac;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI NUMBER TEN|&#x10bad;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI NUMBER TWENTY|&#x10bae;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x10baf;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Book Pahlavi''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10BBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10BCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10BDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Baburi''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10BEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10BFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Old Turkic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10C0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON A|&#x10c00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI A|&#x10c01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AE|&#x10c02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON I|&#x10c03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI I|&#x10c04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI E|&#x10c05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON O|&#x10c06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON OE|&#x10c07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI OE|&#x10c08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AB|&#x10c09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AB|&#x10c0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AEB|&#x10c0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AEB|&#x10c0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AG|&#x10c0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AG|&#x10c0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AEG|&#x10c0f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10C1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AEG|&#x10c10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AD|&#x10c11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AD|&#x10c12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AED|&#x10c13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON EZ|&#x10c14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI EZ|&#x10c15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AY|&#x10c16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AY|&#x10c17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AEY|&#x10c18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AEY|&#x10c19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AEK|&#x10c1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AEK|&#x10c1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON OEK|&#x10c1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI OEK|&#x10c1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AL|&#x10c1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AL|&#x10c1f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10C2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AEL|&#x10c20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON ELT|&#x10c21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON EM|&#x10c22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AN|&#x10c23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AEN|&#x10c24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AEN|&#x10c25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON ENT|&#x10c26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI ENT|&#x10c27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON ENC|&#x10c28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI ENC|&#x10c29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON ENY|&#x10c2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI ENY|&#x10c2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI ANG|&#x10c2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON ENG|&#x10c2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AENG|&#x10c2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON EP|&#x10c2f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10C3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON OP|&#x10c30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON IC|&#x10c31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON EC|&#x10c32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI EC|&#x10c33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AQ|&#x10c34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AQ|&#x10c35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON IQ|&#x10c36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI IQ|&#x10c37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON OQ|&#x10c38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI OQ|&#x10c39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AR|&#x10c3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AR|&#x10c3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AER|&#x10c3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AS|&#x10c3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AES|&#x10c3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON ASH|&#x10c3f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10C4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI ASH|&#x10c40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON ESH|&#x10c41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI ESH|&#x10c42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AT|&#x10c43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AT|&#x10c44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AET|&#x10c45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AET|&#x10c46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON OT|&#x10c47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON BASH|&#x10c48;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10C5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10C6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10C7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Old Hungarian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10C8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x10c80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER AA|&#x10c81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EB|&#x10c82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER AMB|&#x10c83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EC|&#x10c84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ENC|&#x10c85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ECS|&#x10c86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ED|&#x10c87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER AND|&#x10c88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x10c89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER CLOSE E|&#x10c8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EE|&#x10c8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EF|&#x10c8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EG|&#x10c8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EGY|&#x10c8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EH|&#x10c8f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10C9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x10c90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER II|&#x10c91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EJ|&#x10c92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EK|&#x10c93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER AK|&#x10c94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER UNK|&#x10c95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EL|&#x10c96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ELY|&#x10c97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EM|&#x10c98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EN|&#x10c99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ENY|&#x10c9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x10c9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER OO|&#x10c9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER NIKOLSBURG OE|&#x10c9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER RUDIMENTA OE|&#x10c9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER OEE|&#x10c9f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10CAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EP|&#x10ca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EMP|&#x10ca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ER|&#x10ca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER SHORT ER|&#x10ca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ES|&#x10ca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ESZ|&#x10ca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ET|&#x10ca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ENT|&#x10ca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ETY|&#x10ca8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ECH|&#x10ca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x10caa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER UU|&#x10cab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER NIKOLSBURG UE|&#x10cac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER RUDIMENTA UE|&#x10cad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EV|&#x10cae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EZ|&#x10caf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10CBx |style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EZS|&#x10cb0;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ENT-SHAPED SIGN|&#x10cb1;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER US|&#x10cb2;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10CCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER A|&#x10cc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER AA|&#x10cc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EB|&#x10cc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER AMB|&#x10cc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EC|&#x10cc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ENC|&#x10cc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ECS|&#x10cc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ED|&#x10cc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER AND|&#x10cc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER E|&#x10cc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER CLOSE E|&#x10cca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EE|&#x10ccb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EF|&#x10ccc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EG|&#x10ccd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EGY|&#x10cce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EH|&#x10ccf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10CDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER I|&#x10cd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER II|&#x10cd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EJ|&#x10cd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EK|&#x10cd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER AK|&#x10cd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER UNK|&#x10cd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EL|&#x10cd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ELY|&#x10cd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EM|&#x10cd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EN|&#x10cd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ENY|&#x10cda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER O|&#x10cdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER OO|&#x10cdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER NIKOLSBURG OE|&#x10cdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER RUDIMENTA OE|&#x10cde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER OEE|&#x10cdf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10CEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EP|&#x10ce0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EMP|&#x10ce1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ER|&#x10ce2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER SHORT ER|&#x10ce3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ES|&#x10ce4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ESZ|&#x10ce5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ET|&#x10ce6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ENT|&#x10ce7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ETY|&#x10ce8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ECH|&#x10ce9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER U|&#x10cea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER UU|&#x10ceb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER NIKOLSBURG UE|&#x10cec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER RUDIMENTA UE|&#x10ced;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EV|&#x10cee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EZ|&#x10cef;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10CFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EZS|&#x10cf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ENT-SHAPED SIGN|&#x10cf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER US|&#x10cf2;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN NUMBER ONE|&#x10cfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN NUMBER FIVE|&#x10cfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN NUMBER TEN|&#x10cfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN NUMBER FIFTY|&#x10cfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x10cfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#x10cff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Hanifi Rohingya''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10D0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER A|&#x10d00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER BA|&#x10d01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER PA|&#x10d02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER TA|&#x10d03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER TTA|&#x10d04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER JA|&#x10d05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER CA|&#x10d06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER HA|&#x10d07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER KHA|&#x10d08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER FA|&#x10d09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER DA|&#x10d0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER DDA|&#x10d0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER RA|&#x10d0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER RRA|&#x10d0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER ZA|&#x10d0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER SA|&#x10d0f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10D1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER SHA|&#x10d10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER KA|&#x10d11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER GA|&#x10d12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER LA|&#x10d13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER MA|&#x10d14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER NA|&#x10d15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER WA|&#x10d16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER KINNA WA|&#x10d17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER YA|&#x10d18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER KINNA YA|&#x10d19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER NGA|&#x10d1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER NYA|&#x10d1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER VA|&#x10d1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA VOWEL A|&#x10d1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA VOWEL I|&#x10d1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA VOWEL U|&#x10d1f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10D2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA VOWEL E|&#x10d20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA VOWEL O|&#x10d21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA MARK SAKIN|&#x10d22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA MARK NA KHONNA|&#x10d23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA SIGN HARBAHAY|&#x10d24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA SIGN TAHALA|&#x10d25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA SIGN TANA|&#x10d26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA SIGN TASSI|&#x10d27;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10D3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT ZERO|&#x10d30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT ONE|&#x10d31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT TWO|&#x10d32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT THREE|&#x10d33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT FOUR|&#x10d34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT FIVE|&#x10d35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT SIX|&#x10d36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT SEVEN|&#x10d37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT EIGHT|&#x10d38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT NINE|&#x10d39;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Garay''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10D4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT ZERO|&#x10d40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT ONE|&#x10d41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT TWO|&#x10d42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT THREE|&#x10d43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT FOUR|&#x10d44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT FIVE|&#x10d45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT SIX|&#x10d46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT SEVEN|&#x10d47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT EIGHT|&#x10d48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT NINE|&#x10d49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY VOWEL SIGN A|&#x10d4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY VOWEL SIGN I|&#x10d4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY VOWEL SIGN O|&#x10d4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY VOWEL SIGN EE|&#x10d4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY VOWEL LENGTH MARK|&#x10d4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SUKUN|&#x10d4f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10D5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x10d50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER CA|&#x10d51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER MA|&#x10d52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER KA|&#x10d53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER BA|&#x10d54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER JA|&#x10d55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER SA|&#x10d56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER WA|&#x10d57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER LA|&#x10d58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER GA|&#x10d59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER DA|&#x10d5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER XA|&#x10d5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER YA|&#x10d5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER TA|&#x10d5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER RA|&#x10d5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER NYA|&#x10d5f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10D6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER FA|&#x10d60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER NA|&#x10d61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER PA|&#x10d62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER HA|&#x10d63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER OLD KA|&#x10d64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER OLD NA|&#x10d65;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY VOWEL SIGN E|&#x10d69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CONSONANT GEMINATION MARK|&#x10d6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY COMBINING DOT ABOVE|&#x10d6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY COMBINING DOUBLE DOT ABOVE|&#x10d6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CONSONANT NASALIZATION MARK|&#x10d6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY HYPHEN|&#x10d6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY REDUPLICATION MARK|&#x10d6f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10D7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER A|&#x10d70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER CA|&#x10d71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER MA|&#x10d72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER KA|&#x10d73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER BA|&#x10d74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER JA|&#x10d75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER SA|&#x10d76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER WA|&#x10d77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER LA|&#x10d78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER GA|&#x10d79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER DA|&#x10d7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER XA|&#x10d7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER YA|&#x10d7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER TA|&#x10d7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER RA|&#x10d7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER NYA|&#x10d7f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10D8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER FA|&#x10d80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER NA|&#x10d81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER PA|&#x10d82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER HA|&#x10d83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER OLD KA|&#x10d84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER OLD NA|&#x10d85;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY PLUS SIGN|&#x10d8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY MINUS SIGN|&#x10d8f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Arabic Extended-D''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10D9x |style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH INVERTED V|&#x10d90;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH INVERTED V|&#x10d91;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH INVERTED V|&#x10d92;}}|||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10DAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10DBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10DCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10DDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10DEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10DFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10E0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10E1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10E2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10E3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10E4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10E5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Rumi Numeral Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10E6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT ONE|&#x10e60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT TWO|&#x10e61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT THREE|&#x10e62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT FOUR|&#x10e63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT FIVE|&#x10e64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT SIX|&#x10e65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x10e66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x10e67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT NINE|&#x10e68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER TEN|&#x10e69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER TWENTY|&#x10e6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER THIRTY|&#x10e6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER FORTY|&#x10e6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER FIFTY|&#x10e6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER SIXTY|&#x10e6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x10e6f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10E7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x10e70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER NINETY|&#x10e71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x10e72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER TWO HUNDRED|&#x10e73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER THREE HUNDRED|&#x10e74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED|&#x10e75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER FIVE HUNDRED|&#x10e76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER SIX HUNDRED|&#x10e77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED|&#x10e78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED|&#x10e79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER NINE HUNDRED|&#x10e7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI FRACTION ONE HALF|&#x10e7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&#x10e7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI FRACTION ONE THIRD|&#x10e7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI FRACTION TWO THIRDS|&#x10e7e;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Yezidi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center; background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10E8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER ELIF|&#x10e80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER BE|&#x10e81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER PE|&#x10e82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER PHE|&#x10e83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER THE|&#x10e84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER SE|&#x10e85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER CIM|&#x10e86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER CHIM|&#x10e87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER CHHIM|&#x10e88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER HHA|&#x10e89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER XA|&#x10e8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER DAL|&#x10e8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER ZAL|&#x10e8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER RA|&#x10e8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER RHA|&#x10e8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER ZA|&#x10e8f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10E9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER JA|&#x10e90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER SIN|&#x10e91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER SHIN|&#x10e92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER SAD|&#x10e93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER DAD|&#x10e94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER TA|&#x10e95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER ZE|&#x10e96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER EYN|&#x10e97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER XHEYN|&#x10e98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER FA|&#x10e99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER VA|&#x10e9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER VA ALTERNATE FORM|&#x10e9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER QAF|&#x10e9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER KAF|&#x10e9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER KHAF|&#x10e9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER GAF|&#x10e9f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10EAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER LAM|&#x10ea0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER MIM|&#x10ea1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER NUN|&#x10ea2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER UM|&#x10ea3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER WAW|&#x10ea4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER OW|&#x10ea5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER EW|&#x10ea6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER HAY|&#x10ea7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER YOT|&#x10ea8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER ET|&#x10ea9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI COMBINING HAMZA MARK|&#x10eab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI COMBINING MADDA MARK|&#x10eac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI HYPHENATION MARK|&#x10ead;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10EBx |style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER LAM WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x10eb0;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER YOT WITH CIRCUMFLEX ABOVE|&#x10eb1;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Arabic Extended-C''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10ECx |style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS HALF YEH|&#x10ec0;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HALF YEH|&#x10ec1;}}||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY BELOW|&#x10ec2;}}||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY BELOW|&#x10ec3;}}||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY BELOW|&#x10ec4;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL YEH BARREE WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x10ec5;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER THIN NOON|&#x10ec6;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH FOUR DOTS BELOW|&#x10ec7;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DOTLESS HALF JEEM|&#x10ec8;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL BASELINE FATHA|&#x10ec9;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL BASELINE DOTLESS HEAD OF KHAH|&#x10eca;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC NORTHEAST POINTING ARROWHEAD ABOVE|&#x10ecb;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC NORTHEAST POINTING ARROWHEAD BELOW|&#x10ecc;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SOUTHWEST POINTING ARROWHEAD BELOW|&#x10ecd;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL CIRCLE ABOVE|&#x10ece;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LARGE CIRCLE ABOVE|&#x10ecf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10EDx |style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC BIBLICAL END OF VERSE|&#x10ed0;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LIGATURE ALAYHAA AS-SALAATU WAS-SALAAM|&#x10ed1;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LIGATURE ALAYHIM AS-SALAATU WAS-SALAAM|&#x10ed2;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LIGATURE ALAYHIMAA AS-SALAATU WAS-SALAAM|&#x10ed3;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LIGATURE QADDASA ALLAAHU SIRRAH|&#x10ed4;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LIGATURE QUDDISA SIRRUHUM|&#x10ed5;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LIGATURE QUDDISA SIRRUHUMAA|&#x10ed6;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LIGATURE QUDDISAT ASRAARUHUM|&#x10ed7;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LIGATURE NAWWARA ALLAAHU MARQADAH|&#x10ed8;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER BEH|&#x10ed9;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER PEH|&#x10eda;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER TEH|&#x10edb;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER THEH|&#x10edc;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER JEEM|&#x10edd;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER HAH|&#x10ede;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER KHAH|&#x10edf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10EEx |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER SEEN|&#x10ee0;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER SHEEN|&#x10ee1;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER SAD|&#x10ee2;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER DAD|&#x10ee3;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER TAH|&#x10ee4;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER ZAH|&#x10ee5;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER AIN|&#x10ee6;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER GHAIN|&#x10ee7;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER FEH|&#x10ee8;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER QAF|&#x10ee9;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER KAF|&#x10eea;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER MEEM|&#x10eeb;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER NOON|&#x10eec;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER HEH|&#x10eed;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER YEH|&#x10eee;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC ASTRONOMICAL KAF|&#x10eef;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10EFx |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW UPRIGHT RECTANGULAR ZERO|&#x10ef0;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SQUARE BELOW|&#x10ef1;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FILLED SQUARE BELOW|&#x10ef2;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH NOON WITH FATHA|&#x10ef3;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW NOON WITH FATHA|&#x10ef4;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH NOON WITH DAMMA|&#x10ef5;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW NOON WITH DAMMA|&#x10ef6;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH HEH INITIAL FORM|&#x10ef7;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD KABBIER|&#x10ef8;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MARK CROWN|&#x10ef9;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR BELOW|&#x10efa;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW NOON|&#x10efb;}}||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC COMBINING ALEF OVERLAY|&#x10efc;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD SAKTA|&#x10efd;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD QASR|&#x10efe;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD MADDA|&#x10eff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Old Sogdian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10F0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER ALEPH|&#x10f00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL ALEPH|&#x10f01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER BETH|&#x10f02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL BETH|&#x10f03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER GIMEL|&#x10f04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER HE|&#x10f05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL HE|&#x10f06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER WAW|&#x10f07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER ZAYIN|&#x10f08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER HETH|&#x10f09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER YODH|&#x10f0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER KAPH|&#x10f0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER LAMEDH|&#x10f0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER MEM|&#x10f0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER NUN|&#x10f0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL NUN|&#x10f0f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10F1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL NUN WITH VERTICAL TAIL|&#x10f10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER SAMEKH|&#x10f11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER AYIN|&#x10f12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER ALTERNATE AYIN|&#x10f13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER PE|&#x10f14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER SADHE|&#x10f15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL SADHE|&#x10f16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL SADHE WITH VERTICAL TAIL|&#x10f17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER RESH-AYIN-DALETH|&#x10f18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER SHIN|&#x10f19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER TAW|&#x10f1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL TAW|&#x10f1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL TAW WITH VERTICAL TAIL|&#x10f1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER ONE|&#x10f1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER TWO|&#x10f1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER THREE|&#x10f1f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10F2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER FOUR|&#x10f20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER FIVE|&#x10f21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER TEN|&#x10f22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER TWENTY|&#x10f23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER THIRTY|&#x10f24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x10f25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN FRACTION ONE HALF|&#x10f26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LIGATURE AYIN-DALETH|&#x10f27;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sogdian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10F3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER ALEPH|&#x10f30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER BETH|&#x10f31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER GIMEL|&#x10f32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER HE|&#x10f33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER WAW|&#x10f34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER ZAYIN|&#x10f35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER HETH|&#x10f36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER YODH|&#x10f37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER KAPH|&#x10f38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER LAMEDH|&#x10f39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER MEM|&#x10f3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER NUN|&#x10f3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER SAMEKH|&#x10f3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER AYIN|&#x10f3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER PE|&#x10f3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER SADHE|&#x10f3f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10F4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER RESH-AYIN|&#x10f40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER SHIN|&#x10f41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER TAW|&#x10f42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER FETH|&#x10f43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER LESH|&#x10f44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN INDEPENDENT SHIN|&#x10f45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING DOT BELOW|&#x10f46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x10f47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING DOT ABOVE|&#x10f48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x10f49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING CURVE ABOVE|&#x10f4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING CURVE BELOW|&#x10f4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING HOOK ABOVE|&#x10f4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING HOOK BELOW|&#x10f4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING LONG HOOK BELOW|&#x10f4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING RESH BELOW|&#x10f4f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10F5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING STROKE BELOW|&#x10f50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN NUMBER ONE|&#x10f51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN NUMBER TEN|&#x10f52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN NUMBER TWENTY|&#x10f53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x10f54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN PUNCTUATION TWO VERTICAL BARS|&#x10f55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN PUNCTUATION TWO VERTICAL BARS WITH DOTS|&#x10f56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN PUNCTUATION CIRCLE WITH DOT|&#x10f57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN PUNCTUATION TWO CIRCLES WITH DOTS|&#x10f58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN PUNCTUATION HALF CIRCLE WITH DOT|&#x10f59;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10F6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Old Uyghur''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10F7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER ALEPH|&#x10f70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER BETH|&#x10f71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER GIMEL-HETH|&#x10f72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER WAW|&#x10f73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER ZAYIN|&#x10f74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER FINAL HETH|&#x10f75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER YODH|&#x10f76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER KAPH|&#x10f77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER LAMEDH|&#x10f78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER MEM|&#x10f79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER NUN|&#x10f7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER SAMEKH|&#x10f7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER PE|&#x10f7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER SADHE|&#x10f7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER RESH|&#x10f7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER SHIN|&#x10f7f;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10F8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER TAW|&#x10f80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER LESH|&#x10f81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR COMBINING DOT ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x10f82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR COMBINING DOT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x10f83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR COMBINING TWO DOTS ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x10f84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR COMBINING TWO DOTS BELOW|&nbsp;&#x10f85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR PUNCTUATION BAR|&#x10f86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR PUNCTUATION TWO BARS|&#x10f87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR PUNCTUATION TWO DOTS|&#x10f88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR PUNCTUATION FOUR DOTS|&#x10f89;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10F9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10FAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Chorasmian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10FBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER ALEPH|&#x10fb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER SMALL ALEPH|&#x10fb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER BETH|&#x10fb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER GIMEL|&#x10fb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER DALETH|&#x10fb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER HE|&#x10fb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER WAW|&#x10fb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER CURLED WAW|&#x10fb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER ZAYIN|&#x10fb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER HETH|&#x10fb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER YODH|&#x10fba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER KAPH|&#x10fbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER LAMEDH|&#x10fbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER MEM|&#x10fbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER NUN|&#x10fbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER SAMEKH|&#x10fbf;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10FCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER AYIN|&#x10fc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER PE|&#x10fc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER RESH|&#x10fc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER SHIN|&#x10fc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER TAW|&#x10fc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN NUMBER ONE|&#x10fc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN NUMBER TWO|&#x10fc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN NUMBER THREE|&#x10fc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN NUMBER FOUR|&#x10fc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN NUMBER TEN|&#x10fc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN NUMBER TWENTY|&#x10fca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x10fcb;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10FDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Elymaic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10FEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER ALEPH|&#x10fe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER BETH|&#x10fe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER GIMEL|&#x10fe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER DALETH|&#x10fe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER HE|&#x10fe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER WAW|&#x10fe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER ZAYIN|&#x10fe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER HETH|&#x10fe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER TETH|&#x10fe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER YODH|&#x10fe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER KAPH|&#x10fea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER LAMEDH|&#x10feb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER MEM|&#x10fec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER NUN|&#x10fed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER SAMEKH|&#x10fee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER AYIN|&#x10fef;}} |- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|10FFx |style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER PE|&#x10ff0;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER SADHE|&#x10ff1;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER QOPH|&#x10ff2;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER RESH|&#x10ff3;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER SHIN|&#x10ff4;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER TAW|&#x10ff5;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LIGATURE ZAYIN-YODH|&#x10ff6;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} ogc871ijkosijk6yspx45wpprt683qo 0 77340 4680857 4673813 2026-11-08T05:44:39Z ILYA125467 3627024 Slightly changed 4680857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Byzantine Musical Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D00x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PSILI|&#x1d000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DASEIA|&#x1d001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PERISPOMENI|&#x1d002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OXEIA EKFONITIKON|&#x1d003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OXEIA DIPLI|&#x1d004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL VAREIA EKFONITIKON|&#x1d005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL VAREIA DIPLI|&#x1d006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KATHISTI|&#x1d007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SYRMATIKI|&#x1d008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PARAKLITIKI|&#x1d009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YPOKRISIS|&#x1d00a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YPOKRISIS DIPLI|&#x1d00b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KREMASTI|&#x1d00c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APESO EKFONITIKON|&#x1d00d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL EXO EKFONITIKON|&#x1d00e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TELEIA|&#x1d00f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D01x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMATA|&#x1d010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APOSTROFOS|&#x1d011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APOSTROFOS DIPLI|&#x1d012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SYNEVMA|&#x1d013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL THITA|&#x1d014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OLIGON ARCHAION|&#x1d015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GORGON ARCHAION|&#x1d016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PSILON|&#x1d017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL CHAMILON|&#x1d018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL VATHY|&#x1d019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ISON ARCHAION|&#x1d01a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMA ARCHAION|&#x1d01b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMATA ARCHAION|&#x1d01c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SAXIMATA|&#x1d01d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PARICHON|&#x1d01e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL STAVROS APODEXIA|&#x1d01f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D02x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OXEIAI ARCHAION|&#x1d020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL VAREIAI ARCHAION|&#x1d021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APODERMA ARCHAION|&#x1d022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APOTHEMA|&#x1d023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KLASMA|&#x1d024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL REVMA|&#x1d025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PIASMA ARCHAION|&#x1d026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TINAGMA|&#x1d027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ANATRICHISMA|&#x1d028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SEISMA|&#x1d029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SYNAGMA ARCHAION|&#x1d02a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SYNAGMA META STAVROU|&#x1d02b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OYRANISMA ARCHAION|&#x1d02c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL THEMA|&#x1d02d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEMOI|&#x1d02e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DYO|&#x1d02f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D03x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIA|&#x1d030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TESSERA|&#x1d031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KRATIMATA|&#x1d032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APESO EXO NEO|&#x1d033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA ARCHAION|&#x1d034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL IMIFTHORA|&#x1d035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TROMIKON ARCHAION|&#x1d036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KATAVA TROMIKON|&#x1d037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PELASTON|&#x1d038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PSIFISTON|&#x1d039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KONTEVMA|&#x1d03a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL CHOREVMA ARCHAION|&#x1d03b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL RAPISMA|&#x1d03c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PARAKALESMA ARCHAION|&#x1d03d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PARAKLITIKI ARCHAION|&#x1d03e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ICHADIN|&#x1d03f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D04x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL NANA|&#x1d040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PETASMA|&#x1d041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KONTEVMA ALLO|&#x1d042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TROMIKON ALLO|&#x1d043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL STRAGGISMATA|&#x1d044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GRONTHISMATA|&#x1d045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ISON NEO|&#x1d046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OLIGON NEO|&#x1d047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OXEIA NEO|&#x1d048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PETASTI|&#x1d049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KOUFISMA|&#x1d04a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PETASTOKOUFISMA|&#x1d04b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KRATIMOKOUFISMA|&#x1d04c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PELASTON NEO|&#x1d04d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMATA NEO ANO|&#x1d04e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMA NEO ANO|&#x1d04f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D05x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YPSILI|&#x1d050;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APOSTROFOS NEO|&#x1d051;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APOSTROFOI SYNDESMOS NEO|&#x1d052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YPORROI|&#x1d053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KRATIMOYPORROON|&#x1d054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ELAFRON|&#x1d055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL CHAMILI|&#x1d056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MIKRON ISON|&#x1d057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL VAREIA NEO|&#x1d058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PIASMA NEO|&#x1d059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PSIFISTON NEO|&#x1d05a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OMALON|&#x1d05b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ANTIKENOMA|&#x1d05c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL LYGISMA|&#x1d05d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PARAKLITIKI NEO|&#x1d05e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PARAKALESMA NEO|&#x1d05f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D06x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ETERON PARAKALESMA|&#x1d060;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KYLISMA|&#x1d061;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ANTIKENOKYLISMA|&#x1d062;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TROMIKON NEO|&#x1d063;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL EKSTREPTON|&#x1d064;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SYNAGMA NEO|&#x1d065;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SYRMA|&#x1d066;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL CHOREVMA NEO|&#x1d067;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL EPEGERMA|&#x1d068;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SEISMA NEO|&#x1d069;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL XIRON KLASMA|&#x1d06a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TROMIKOPSIFISTON|&#x1d06b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PSIFISTOLYGISMA|&#x1d06c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TROMIKOLYGISMA|&#x1d06d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TROMIKOPARAKALESMA|&#x1d06e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PSIFISTOPARAKALESMA|&#x1d06f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D07x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TROMIKOSYNAGMA|&#x1d070;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PSIFISTOSYNAGMA|&#x1d071;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GORGOSYNTHETON|&#x1d072;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARGOSYNTHETON|&#x1d073;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ETERON ARGOSYNTHETON|&#x1d074;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OYRANISMA NEO|&#x1d075;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL THEMATISMOS ESO|&#x1d076;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL THEMATISMOS EXO|&#x1d077;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL THEMA APLOUN|&#x1d078;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL THES KAI APOTHES|&#x1d079;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KATAVASMA|&#x1d07a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ENDOFONON|&#x1d07b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YFEN KATO|&#x1d07c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YFEN ANO|&#x1d07d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL STAVROS|&#x1d07e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KLASMA ANO|&#x1d07f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D08x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIPLI ARCHAION|&#x1d080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KRATIMA ARCHAION|&#x1d081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KRATIMA ALLO|&#x1d082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KRATIMA NEO|&#x1d083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APODERMA NEO|&#x1d084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APLI|&#x1d085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIPLI|&#x1d086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIPLI|&#x1d087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TETRAPLI|&#x1d088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KORONIS|&#x1d089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEIMMA ENOS CHRONOU|&#x1d08a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEIMMA DYO CHRONON|&#x1d08b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEIMMA TRION CHRONON|&#x1d08c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEIMMA TESSARON CHRONON|&#x1d08d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEIMMA IMISEOS CHRONOU|&#x1d08e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GORGON NEO ANO|&#x1d08f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D09x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GORGON PARESTIGMENON ARISTERA|&#x1d090;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GORGON PARESTIGMENON DEXIA|&#x1d091;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGORGON|&#x1d092;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGORGON PARESTIGMENON ARISTERA KATO|&#x1d093;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGORGON PARESTIGMENON ARISTERA ANO|&#x1d094;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGORGON PARESTIGMENON DEXIA|&#x1d095;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIGORGON|&#x1d096;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARGON|&#x1d097;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL IMIDIARGON|&#x1d098;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIARGON|&#x1d099;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL AGOGI POLI ARGI|&#x1d09a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL AGOGI ARGOTERI|&#x1d09b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL AGOGI ARGI|&#x1d09c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL AGOGI METRIA|&#x1d09d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL AGOGI MESI|&#x1d09e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL AGOGI GORGI|&#x1d09f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D0Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL AGOGI GORGOTERI|&#x1d0a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL AGOGI POLI GORGI|&#x1d0a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA PROTOS ICHOS|&#x1d0a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA ALLI PROTOS ICHOS|&#x1d0a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA DEYTEROS ICHOS|&#x1d0a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA ALLI DEYTEROS ICHOS|&#x1d0a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA TRITOS ICHOS|&#x1d0a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA TRIFONIAS|&#x1d0a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA TETARTOS ICHOS|&#x1d0a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA TETARTOS LEGETOS ICHOS|&#x1d0a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA LEGETOS ICHOS|&#x1d0aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA PLAGIOS ICHOS|&#x1d0ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ISAKIA TELOUS ICHIMATOS|&#x1d0ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APOSTROFOI TELOUS ICHIMATOS|&#x1d0ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FANEROSIS TETRAFONIAS|&#x1d0ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FANEROSIS MONOFONIAS|&#x1d0af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D0Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FANEROSIS DIFONIAS|&#x1d0b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA VARYS ICHOS|&#x1d0b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA PROTOVARYS ICHOS|&#x1d0b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA PLAGIOS TETARTOS ICHOS|&#x1d0b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GORTHMIKON N APLOUN|&#x1d0b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GORTHMIKON N DIPLOUN|&#x1d0b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ENARXIS KAI FTHORA VOU|&#x1d0b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL IMIFONON|&#x1d0b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL IMIFTHORON|&#x1d0b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA ARCHAION DEYTEROU ICHOU|&#x1d0b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA DIATONIKI PA|&#x1d0ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA DIATONIKI NANA|&#x1d0bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA NAOS ICHOS|&#x1d0bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA DIATONIKI DI|&#x1d0bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA SKLIRON DIATONON DI|&#x1d0be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA DIATONIKI KE|&#x1d0bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D0Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA DIATONIKI ZO|&#x1d0c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA DIATONIKI NI KATO|&#x1d0c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA DIATONIKI NI ANO|&#x1d0c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA MALAKON CHROMA DIFONIAS|&#x1d0c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA MALAKON CHROMA MONOFONIAS|&#x1d0c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FHTORA SKLIRON CHROMA VASIS|&#x1d0c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA SKLIRON CHROMA SYNAFI|&#x1d0c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA NENANO|&#x1d0c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL CHROA ZYGOS|&#x1d0c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL CHROA KLITON|&#x1d0c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL CHROA SPATHI|&#x1d0ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA I YFESIS TETARTIMORION|&#x1d0cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA ENARMONIOS ANTIFONIA|&#x1d0cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YFESIS TRITIMORION|&#x1d0cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIESIS TRITIMORION|&#x1d0ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIESIS TETARTIMORION|&#x1d0cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D0Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIESIS APLI DYO DODEKATA|&#x1d0d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIESIS MONOGRAMMOS TESSERA DODEKATA|&#x1d0d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIESIS DIGRAMMOS EX DODEKATA|&#x1d0d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIESIS TRIGRAMMOS OKTO DODEKATA|&#x1d0d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YFESIS APLI DYO DODEKATA|&#x1d0d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YFESIS MONOGRAMMOS TESSERA DODEKATA|&#x1d0d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YFESIS DIGRAMMOS EX DODEKATA|&#x1d0d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YFESIS TRIGRAMMOS OKTO DODEKATA|&#x1d0d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GENIKI DIESIS|&#x1d0d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GENIKI YFESIS|&#x1d0d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIASTOLI APLI MIKRI|&#x1d0da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIASTOLI APLI MEGALI|&#x1d0db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIASTOLI DIPLI|&#x1d0dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIASTOLI THESEOS|&#x1d0dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SIMANSIS THESEOS|&#x1d0de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SIMANSIS THESEOS DISIMOU|&#x1d0df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D0Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SIMANSIS THESEOS TRISIMOU|&#x1d0e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SIMANSIS THESEOS TETRASIMOU|&#x1d0e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SIMANSIS ARSEOS|&#x1d0e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SIMANSIS ARSEOS DISIMOU|&#x1d0e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SIMANSIS ARSEOS TRISIMOU|&#x1d0e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SIMANSIS ARSEOS TETRASIMOU|&#x1d0e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGRAMMA GG|&#x1d0e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIFTOGGOS OU|&#x1d0e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL STIGMA|&#x1d0e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARKTIKO PA|&#x1d0e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARKTIKO VOU|&#x1d0ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARKTIKO GA|&#x1d0eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARKTIKO DI|&#x1d0ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARKTIKO KE|&#x1d0ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARKTIKO ZO|&#x1d0ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARKTIKO NI|&#x1d0ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D0Fx |style="background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMATA NEO MESO|&#x1d0f0;}}||style="background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMA NEO MESO|&#x1d0f1;}}||style="background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMATA NEO KATO|&#x1d0f2;}}||style="background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMA NEO KATO|&#x1d0f3;}}||style="background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KLASMA KATO|&#x1d0f4;}}||style="background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GORGON NEO KATO|&#x1d0f5;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Musical Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D10x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SINGLE BARLINE|&#x1d100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DOUBLE BARLINE|&#x1d101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FINAL BARLINE|&#x1d102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL REVERSE FINAL BARLINE|&#x1d103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DASHED BARLINE|&#x1d104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SHORT BARLINE|&#x1d105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL LEFT REPEAT SIGN|&#x1d106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL RIGHT REPEAT SIGN|&#x1d107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL REPEAT DOTS|&#x1d108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DAL SEGNO|&#x1d109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DA CAPO|&#x1d10a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SEGNO|&#x1d10b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL CODA|&#x1d10c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL REPEATED FIGURE-1|&#x1d10d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL REPEATED FIGURE-2|&#x1d10e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL REPEATED FIGURE-3|&#x1d10f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D11x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FERMATA|&#x1d110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FERMATA BELOW|&#x1d111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL BREATH MARK|&#x1d112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL CAESURA|&#x1d113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL BRACE|&#x1d114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL BRACKET|&#x1d115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ONE-LINE STAFF|&#x1d116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TWO-LINE STAFF|&#x1d117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL THREE-LINE STAFF|&#x1d118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FOUR-LINE STAFF|&#x1d119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FIVE-LINE STAFF|&#x1d11a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SIX-LINE STAFF|&#x1d11b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SIX-STRING FRETBOARD|&#x1d11c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FOUR-STRING FRETBOARD|&#x1d11d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF|&#x1d11e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF OTTAVA ALTA|&#x1d11f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D12x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF OTTAVA BASSA|&#x1d120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL C CLEF|&#x1d121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL F CLEF|&#x1d122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL F CLEF OTTAVA ALTA|&#x1d123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL F CLEF OTTAVA BASSA|&#x1d124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DRUM CLEF-1|&#x1d125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DRUM CLEF-2|&#x1d126;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING STRESS|&nbsp;&#x1d127;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING UNSTRESS|&nbsp;&#x1d128;}}||style="background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL MULTIPLE MEASURE REST|&#x1d129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DOUBLE SHARP|&#x1d12a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DOUBLE FLAT|&#x1d12b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FLAT UP|&#x1d12c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FLAT DOWN|&#x1d12d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL NATURAL UP|&#x1d12e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL NATURAL DOWN|&#x1d12f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D13x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SHARP UP|&#x1d130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SHARP DOWN|&#x1d131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL QUARTER TONE SHARP|&#x1d132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL QUARTER TONE FLAT|&#x1d133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMMON TIME|&#x1d134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL CUT TIME|&#x1d135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL OTTAVA ALTA|&#x1d136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL OTTAVA BASSA|&#x1d137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL QUINDICESIMA ALTA|&#x1d138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL QUINDICESIMA BASSA|&#x1d139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL MULTI REST|&#x1d13a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL WHOLE REST|&#x1d13b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL HALF REST|&#x1d13c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL QUARTER REST|&#x1d13d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL EIGHTH REST|&#x1d13e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SIXTEENTH REST|&#x1d13f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D14x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL THIRTY-SECOND REST|&#x1d140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SIXTY-FOURTH REST|&#x1d141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-EIGHTH REST|&#x1d142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL X NOTEHEAD|&#x1d143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL PLUS NOTEHEAD|&#x1d144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL CIRCLE X NOTEHEAD|&#x1d145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SQUARE NOTEHEAD WHITE|&#x1d146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SQUARE NOTEHEAD BLACK|&#x1d147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD UP WHITE|&#x1d148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD UP BLACK|&#x1d149;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD LEFT WHITE|&#x1d14a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD LEFT BLACK|&#x1d14b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD RIGHT WHITE|&#x1d14c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD RIGHT BLACK|&#x1d14d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD DOWN WHITE|&#x1d14e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD DOWN BLACK|&#x1d14f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D15x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD UP RIGHT WHITE|&#x1d150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD UP RIGHT BLACK|&#x1d151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL MOON NOTEHEAD WHITE|&#x1d152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL MOON NOTEHEAD BLACK|&#x1d153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE-ROUND NOTEHEAD DOWN WHITE|&#x1d154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE-ROUND NOTEHEAD DOWN BLACK|&#x1d155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL PARENTHESIS NOTEHEAD|&#x1d156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL VOID NOTEHEAD|&#x1d157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL NOTEHEAD BLACK|&#x1d158;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL NULL NOTEHEAD|&#x1d159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL CLUSTER NOTEHEAD WHITE|&#x1d15a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL CLUSTER NOTEHEAD BLACK|&#x1d15b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL BREVE|&#x1d15c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL WHOLE NOTE|&#x1d15d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL HALF NOTE|&#x1d15e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL QUARTER NOTE|&#x1d15f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D16x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL EIGHTH NOTE|&#x1d160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SIXTEENTH NOTE|&#x1d161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL THIRTY-SECOND NOTE|&#x1d162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SIXTY-FOURTH NOTE|&#x1d163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-EIGHTH NOTE|&#x1d164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING STEM|&nbsp;&#x1d165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING SPRECHGESANG STEM|&nbsp;&#x1d166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING TREMOLO-1|&nbsp;&#x1d167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING TREMOLO-2|&nbsp;&#x1d168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING TREMOLO-3|&nbsp;&#x1d169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FINGERED TREMOLO-1|&#x1d16a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FINGERED TREMOLO-2|&#x1d16b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FINGERED TREMOLO-3|&#x1d16c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING AUGMENTATION DOT|&nbsp;&#x1d16d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING FLAG-1|&nbsp;&#x1d16e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING FLAG-2|&nbsp;&#x1d16f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D17x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING FLAG-3|&nbsp;&#x1d170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING FLAG-4|&nbsp;&#x1d171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING FLAG-5|&nbsp;&#x1d172;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL BEGIN BEAM|[BEGIN<br />BEAM]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL END BEAM|[END<br />BEAM]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL BEGIN TIE|[BEGIN<br />TIE]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL END TIE|[END<br />TIE]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL BEGIN SLUR|[BEGIN<br />SLUR]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL END SLUR|[END<br />SLUR]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL BEGIN PHRASE|[BEGIN<br />PHR.]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL END PHRASE|[END<br />PHR.]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x1d17b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING STACCATO|&nbsp;&#x1d17c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING TENUTO|&nbsp;&#x1d17d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING STACCATISSIMO|&nbsp;&#x1d17e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING MARCATO|&nbsp;&#x1d17f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D18x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING MARCATO-STACCATO|&nbsp;&#x1d180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING ACCENT-STACCATO|&nbsp;&#x1d181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING LOURE|&nbsp;&#x1d182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ARPEGGIATO UP|&#x1d183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ARPEGGIATO DOWN|&#x1d184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING DOIT|&nbsp;&#x1d185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING RIP|&nbsp;&#x1d186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING FLIP|&nbsp;&#x1d187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING SMEAR|&nbsp;&#x1d188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING BEND|&nbsp;&#x1d189;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING DOUBLE TONGUE|&nbsp;&#x1d18a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING TRIPLE TONGUE|&nbsp;&#x1d18b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL RINFORZANDO|&#x1d18c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SUBITO|&#x1d18d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL Z|&#x1d18e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL PIANO|&#x1d18f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D19x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL MEZZO|&#x1d190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FORTE|&#x1d191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL CRESCENDO|&#x1d192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DECRESCENDO|&#x1d193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL GRACE NOTE SLASH|&#x1d194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL GRACE NOTE NO SLASH|&#x1d195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TR|&#x1d196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TURN|&#x1d197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL INVERTED TURN|&#x1d198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TURN SLASH|&#x1d199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TURN UP|&#x1d19a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-1|&#x1d19b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-2|&#x1d19c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-3|&#x1d19d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-4|&#x1d19e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-5|&#x1d19f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D1Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-6|&#x1d1a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-7|&#x1d1a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-8|&#x1d1a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-9|&#x1d1a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-10|&#x1d1a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-11|&#x1d1a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL HAUPTSTIMME|&#x1d1a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL NEBENSTIMME|&#x1d1a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL END OF STIMME|&#x1d1a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DEGREE SLASH|&#x1d1a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING DOWN BOW|&#x1d1aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING UP BOW|&#x1d1ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING HARMONIC|&#x1d1ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING SNAP PIZZICATO|&#x1d1ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL PEDAL MARK|&#x1d1ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL PEDAL UP MARK|&#x1d1af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D1Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL HALF PEDAL MARK|&#x1d1b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL GLISSANDO UP|&#x1d1b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL GLISSANDO DOWN|&#x1d1b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL WITH FINGERNAILS|&#x1d1b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DAMP|&#x1d1b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DAMP ALL|&#x1d1b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL MAXIMA|&#x1d1b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL LONGA|&#x1d1b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL BREVIS|&#x1d1b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SEMIBREVIS WHITE|&#x1d1b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SEMIBREVIS BLACK|&#x1d1ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL MINIMA|&#x1d1bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL MINIMA BLACK|&#x1d1bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SEMIMINIMA WHITE|&#x1d1bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SEMIMINIMA BLACK|&#x1d1be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FUSA WHITE|&#x1d1bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D1Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FUSA BLACK|&#x1d1c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL LONGA PERFECTA REST|&#x1d1c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL LONGA IMPERFECTA REST|&#x1d1c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL BREVIS REST|&#x1d1c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SEMIBREVIS REST|&#x1d1c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL MINIMA REST|&#x1d1c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SEMIMINIMA REST|&#x1d1c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TEMPUS PERFECTUM CUM PROLATIONE PERFECTA|&#x1d1c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TEMPUS PERFECTUM CUM PROLATIONE IMPERFECTA|&#x1d1c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TEMPUS PERFECTUM CUM PROLATIONE PERFECTA DIMINUTION-1|&#x1d1c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TEMPUS IMPERFECTUM CUM PROLATIONE PERFECTA|&#x1d1ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TEMPUS IMPERFECTUM CUM PROLATIONE IMPERFECTA|&#x1d1cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TEMPUS IMPERFECTUM CUM PROLATIONE IMPERFECTA DIMINUTION-1|&#x1d1cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TEMPUS IMPERFECTUM CUM PROLATIONE IMPERFECTA DIMINUTION-2|&#x1d1cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TEMPUS IMPERFECTUM CUM PROLATIONE IMPERFECTA DIMINUTION-3|&#x1d1ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL CROIX|&#x1d1cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D1Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL GREGORIAN C CLEF|&#x1d1d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL GREGORIAN F CLEF|&#x1d1d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SQUARE B|&#x1d1d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL VIRGA|&#x1d1d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL PODATUS|&#x1d1d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL CLIVIS|&#x1d1d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SCANDICUS|&#x1d1d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL CLIMACUS|&#x1d1d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TORCULUS|&#x1d1d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL PORRECTUS|&#x1d1d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL PORRECTUS FLEXUS|&#x1d1da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SCANDICUS FLEXUS|&#x1d1db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TORCULUS RESUPINUS|&#x1d1dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL PES SUBPUNCTIS|&#x1d1dd;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL KIEVAN C CLEF|&#x1d1de;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL KIEVAN END OF PIECE|&#x1d1df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D1Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL KIEVAN FINAL NOTE|&#x1d1e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL KIEVAN RECITATIVE MARK|&#x1d1e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL KIEVAN WHOLE NOTE|&#x1d1e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL KIEVAN HALF NOTE|&#x1d1e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL KIEVAN QUARTER NOTE STEM DOWN|&#x1d1e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL KIEVAN QUARTER NOTE STEM UP|&#x1d1e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL KIEVAN EIGHTH NOTE STEM DOWN|&#x1d1e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL KIEVAN EIGHTH NOTE STEM UP|&#x1d1e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL KIEVAN FLAT SIGN|&#x1d1e8;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SORI|&#x1d1e9;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL KORON|&#x1d1ea;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL HALF SHARP|&#x1d1eb;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ONE AND A HALF SHARP|&#x1d1ec;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL REVERSED FLAT|&#x1d1ed;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL REVERSED FLAT AND FLAT|&#x1d1ee;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL HALF SHARP UP|&#x1d1ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D1Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL HALF SHARP DOWN|&#x1d1f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ONE AND A HALF SHARP UP|&#x1d1f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ONE AND A HALF SHARP DOWN|&#x1d1f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL REVERSED FLAT UP|&#x1d1f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL REVERSED FLAT DOWN|&#x1d1f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL REVERSED FLAT AND FLAT UP|&#x1d1f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL REVERSED FLAT AND FLAT DOWN|&#x1d1f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGIT TWO WITH STROKE|&#x1d1f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGIT FOUR WITH STROKE|&#x1d1f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGIT FIVE WITH STROKE|&#x1d1f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGIT SIX WITH STROKE|&#x1d1fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGIT SEVEN WITH STROKE|&#x1d1fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGIT NINE WITH STROKE|&#x1d1fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGIT FIVE WITH LOW STROKE|&#x1d1fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGIT SEVEN WITH LOW STROKE|&#x1d1fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL LONGA REST|&#x1d1ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Ancient Greek Musical Notation''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D20x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-1|&#x1d200;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-2|&#x1d201;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-3|&#x1d202;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-4|&#x1d203;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-5|&#x1d204;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-6|&#x1d205;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-7|&#x1d206;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-8|&#x1d207;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-9|&#x1d208;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-10|&#x1d209;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-11|&#x1d20a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-12|&#x1d20b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-13|&#x1d20c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-14|&#x1d20d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-15|&#x1d20e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-16|&#x1d20f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D21x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-17|&#x1d210;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-18|&#x1d211;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-19|&#x1d212;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-20|&#x1d213;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-21|&#x1d214;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-22|&#x1d215;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-23|&#x1d216;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-24|&#x1d217;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-50|&#x1d218;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-51|&#x1d219;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-52|&#x1d21a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-53|&#x1d21b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VOCAL NOTATION SYMBOL-54|&#x1d21c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-1|&#x1d21d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-2|&#x1d21e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-4|&#x1d21f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D22x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-5|&#x1d220;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-7|&#x1d221;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-8|&#x1d222;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-11|&#x1d223;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-12|&#x1d224;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-13|&#x1d225;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-14|&#x1d226;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-17|&#x1d227;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-18|&#x1d228;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-19|&#x1d229;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-23|&#x1d22a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-24|&#x1d22b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-25|&#x1d22c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-26|&#x1d22d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-27|&#x1d22e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-29|&#x1d22f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D23x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-30|&#x1d230;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-32|&#x1d231;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-36|&#x1d232;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-37|&#x1d233;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-38|&#x1d234;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-39|&#x1d235;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-40|&#x1d236;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-42|&#x1d237;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-43|&#x1d238;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-45|&#x1d239;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-47|&#x1d23a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-48|&#x1d23b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-49|&#x1d23c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-50|&#x1d23d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-51|&#x1d23e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-52|&#x1d23f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D24x |style="background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-53|&#x1d240;}}||style="background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION SYMBOL-54|&#x1d241;}}||style="background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GREEK MUSICAL TRISEME|&#x1d242;}}||style="background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GREEK MUSICAL TETRASEME|&#x1d243;}}||style="background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GREEK MUSICAL PENTASEME|&#x1d244;}}||style="background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK MUSICAL LEIMMA|&#x1d245;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Musical Symbols Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D25x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING FLAG-6|&nbsp;&#x1d250;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING FLAG-7|&nbsp;&#x1d251;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING FLAG-8|&nbsp;&#x1d252;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TWO HUNDRED FIFTY-SIXTH REST|&#x1d253;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FIVE HUNDRED TWELFTH REST|&#x1d254;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ONE THOUSAND TWENTY- FOURTH REST|&#x1d255;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FLAT WITH STROKE|&#x1d256;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FLAT WITH DOUBLE STROKE|&#x1d257;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FLAT WITH DOUBLE STEM|&#x1d258;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL HALF SHARP WITH STROKE|&#x1d259;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SHARP WITH STROKE|&#x1d25a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING TREMOLO-4|&nbsp;&#x1d25b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING TREMOLO-5|&nbsp;&#x1d25c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FINGERED TREMOLO-4|&#x1d25d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL FINGERED TREMOLO-5|&#x1d25e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING BUZZ ROLL STEM|&nbsp;&#x1d25f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D26x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIPLE FLAT|&#x1d260;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SUSPENSION|&#x1d261;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL HEAVY DOUBLE BARLINE|&#x1d262;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SYSTEM DIVIDER|&#x1d263;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL NIENTE|&#x1d264;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL CRESCENDO WITH RING|&#x1d265;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DECRESCENDO WITH RING|&#x1d266;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DIAMOND NOTEHEAD WHOLE|&#x1d267;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DIAMOND NOTEHEAD WHITE|&#x1d268;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DIAMOND NOTEHEAD BLACK|&#x1d269;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DIAMOND NOTEHEAD HALF-FILLED|&#x1d26a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGULAR FERMATA|&#x1d26b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DOUBLE TRIANGULAR FERMATA|&#x1d26c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SQUARE FERMATA|&#x1d26d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DOUBLE SQUARE FERMATA|&#x1d26e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL HENZE LONG FERMATA|&#x1d26f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D27x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL HENZE SHORT FERMATA|&#x1d270;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL CURLEW|&#x1d271;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL SALZEDO BREATH MARK|&#x1d272;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ORGAN PEDAL HEEL|&#x1d273;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ORGAN PEDAL TOE|&#x1d274;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF OPTIONALLY OTTAVA BASSA|&#x1d275;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL DOUBLE G CLEF|&#x1d276;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF OTTAVA BASSA WITH C CLEF|&#x1d277;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL C CLEF OTTAVA BASSA|&#x1d278;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF QUINDICESIMA ALTA|&#x1d279;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF QUINDICESIMA BASSA|&#x1d27a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL F CLEF QUINDICESIMA ALTA|&#x1d279;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL F CLEF QUINDICESIMA BASSA|&#x1d27a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL C CLEF QUINDICESIMA BASSA|&#x1d27d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL TABLATURE CLEF|&#x1d27e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL ARPEGGIATO UP WITH ARROW|&#x1d27f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D28x |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING STEM BOW BEHIND BRIDGE|&nbsp;&#x1d280;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING STEM BOW ON TOP OF BRIDGE|&nbsp;&#x1d281;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Old Chinese Musical Notation''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D29x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D2Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D2Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Kaktovik Numerals''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D2Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL ZERO|&#x1d2c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL ONE|&#x1d2c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL TWO|&#x1d2c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL THREE|&#x1d2c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL FOUR|&#x1d2c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL FIVE|&#x1d2c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL SIX|&#x1d2c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL SEVEN|&#x1d2c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL EIGHT|&#x1d2c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL NINE|&#x1d2c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL TEN|&#x1d2ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL ELEVEN|&#x1d2cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL TWELVE|&#x1d2cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL THIRTEEN|&#x1d2cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL FOURTEEN|&#x1d2ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL FIFTEEN|&#x1d2cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D2Dx |style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL SIXTEEN|&#x1d2d0;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL SEVENTEEN|&#x1d2d1;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL EIGHTTEEN|&#x1d2d2;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAKTOVIK NUMERAL NINETEEN|&#x1d2d3;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Mayan Numerals''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D2Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL ZERO|&#x1d2e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL ONE|&#x1d2e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL TWO|&#x1d2e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL THREE|&#x1d2e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL FOUR|&#x1d2e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL FIVE|&#x1d2e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL SIX|&#x1d2e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL SEVEN|&#x1d2e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL EIGHT|&#x1d2e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL NINE|&#x1d2e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL TEN|&#x1d2ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL ELEVEN|&#x1d2eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL TWELVE|&#x1d2ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL THIRTEEN|&#x1d2ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL FOURTEEN|&#x1d2ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL FIFTEEN|&#x1d2ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D2Fx |style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL SIXTEEN|&#x1d2f0;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL SEVENTEEN|&#x1d2f1;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL EIGHTEEN|&#x1d2f2;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAYAN NUMERAL NINETEEN|&#x1d2f3;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tai Xuan Jing Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D30x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOGRAM FOR EARTH|&#x1d300;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR HEAVENLY EARTH|&#x1d301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR HUMAN EARTH|&#x1d302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR EARTHLY HEAVEN|&#x1d303;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR EARTHLY HUMAN|&#x1d304;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR EARTH|&#x1d305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR CENTRE|&#x1d306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR FULL CIRCLE|&#x1d307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR MIRED|&#x1d308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR BARRIER|&#x1d309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR KEEPING SMALL|&#x1d30a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR CONTRARIETY|&#x1d30b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR ASCENT|&#x1d30c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR OPPOSITION|&#x1d30d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR BRANCHING OUT|&#x1d30e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR DEFECTIVENESS OR DISTORTION|&#x1d30f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D31x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR DIVERGENCE|&#x1d310;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR YOUTHFULNESS|&#x1d311;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR INCREASE|&#x1d312;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR PENETRATION|&#x1d313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR REACH|&#x1d314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR CONTACT|&#x1d315;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR HOLDING BACK|&#x1d316;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR WAITING|&#x1d317;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR FOLLOWING|&#x1d318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR ADVANCE|&#x1d319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR RELEASE|&#x1d31a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR RESISTANCE|&#x1d31b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR EASE|&#x1d31c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR JOY|&#x1d31d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR CONTENTION|&#x1d31e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR ENDEAVOUR|&#x1d31f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D32x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR DUTIES|&#x1d320;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR CHANGE|&#x1d321;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR DECISIVENESS|&#x1d322;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR BOLD RESOLUTION|&#x1d323;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR PACKING|&#x1d324;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR LEGION|&#x1d325;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR CLOSENESS|&#x1d326;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR KINSHIP|&#x1d327;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR GATHERING|&#x1d328;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR STRENGTH|&#x1d329;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR PURITY|&#x1d32a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR FULLNESS|&#x1d32b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR RESIDENCE|&#x1d32c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR LAW OR MODEL|&#x1d32d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR RESPONSE|&#x1d32e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR GOING TO MEET|&#x1d32f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D33x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR ENCOUNTERS|&#x1d330;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR STOVE|&#x1d331;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR GREATNESS|&#x1d332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR ENLARGEMENT|&#x1d333;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR PATTERN|&#x1d334;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR RITUAL|&#x1d335;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR FLIGHT|&#x1d336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR VASTNESS OR WASTING|&#x1d337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR CONSTANCY|&#x1d338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR MEASURE|&#x1d339;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR ETERNITY|&#x1d33a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR UNITY|&#x1d33b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR DIMINISHMENT|&#x1d33c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR CLOSED MOUTH|&#x1d33d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR GUARDEDNESS|&#x1d33e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR GATHERING IN|&#x1d33f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D34x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR MASSING|&#x1d340;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR ACCUMULATION|&#x1d341;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR EMBELLISHMENT|&#x1d342;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR DOUBT|&#x1d343;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR WATCH|&#x1d344;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR SINKING|&#x1d345;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR INNER|&#x1d346;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR DEPARTURE|&#x1d347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR DARKENING|&#x1d348;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR DIMMING|&#x1d349;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR EXHAUSTION|&#x1d34a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR SEVERANCE|&#x1d34b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR STOPPAGE|&#x1d34c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR HARDNESS|&#x1d34d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR COMPLETION|&#x1d34e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR CLOSURE|&#x1d34f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D35x |style="background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR FAILURE|&#x1d350;}}||style="background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR AGGRAVATION|&#x1d351;}}||style="background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR COMPLIANCE|&#x1d352;}}||style="background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR ON THE VERGE|&#x1d353;}}||style="background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR DIFFICULTIES|&#x1d354;}}||style="background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR LABOURING|&#x1d355;}}||style="background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TETRAGRAM FOR FOSTERING|&#x1d356;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Counting Rod Numerals''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D36x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD UNIT DIGIT ONE|&#x1d360;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD UNIT DIGIT TWO|&#x1d361;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD UNIT DIGIT THREE|&#x1d362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD UNIT DIGIT FOUR|&#x1d363;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD UNIT DIGIT FIVE|&#x1d364;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD UNIT DIGIT SIX|&#x1d365;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD UNIT DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1d366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD UNIT DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1d367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD UNIT DIGIT NINE|&#x1d368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD TENS DIGIT ONE|&#x1d369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD TENS DIGIT TWO|&#x1d36a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD TENS DIGIT THREE|&#x1d36b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD TENS DIGIT FOUR|&#x1d36c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD TENS DIGIT FIVE|&#x1d36d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD TENS DIGIT SIX|&#x1d36e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD TENS DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1d36f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D37x |style="background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD TENS DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1d370;}}||style="background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTING ROD TENS DIGIT NINE|&#x1d371;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TALLY MARK ONE|&#x1d372;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TALLY MARK TWO|&#x1d373;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TALLY MARK THREE|&#x1d374;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TALLY MARK FOUR|&#x1d375;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TALLY MARK FIVE|&#x1d376;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TALLY MARK ONE|&#x1d377;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TALLY MARK FIVE|&#x1d378;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols Supplement'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D38x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D39x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D3Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D3Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D3Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D3Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D3Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D3Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D40x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL A|&#x1d400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL B|&#x1d401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL C|&#x1d402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL D|&#x1d403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL E|&#x1d404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL F|&#x1d405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL G|&#x1d406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL H|&#x1d407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL I|&#x1d408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL J|&#x1d409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL K|&#x1d40a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL L|&#x1d40b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL M|&#x1d40c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL N|&#x1d40d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL O|&#x1d40e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL P|&#x1d40f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D41x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL Q|&#x1d410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL R|&#x1d411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL S|&#x1d412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL T|&#x1d413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL U|&#x1d414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL V|&#x1d415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL W|&#x1d416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL X|&#x1d417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL Y|&#x1d418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL Z|&#x1d419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL A|&#x1d41a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL B|&#x1d41b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL C|&#x1d41c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL D|&#x1d41d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL E|&#x1d41e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL F|&#x1d41f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D42x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL G|&#x1d420;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL H|&#x1d421;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL I|&#x1d422;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL J|&#x1d423;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL K|&#x1d424;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL L|&#x1d425;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL M|&#x1d426;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL N|&#x1d427;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL O|&#x1d428;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL P|&#x1d429;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL Q|&#x1d42a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL R|&#x1d42b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL S|&#x1d42c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL T|&#x1d42d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL U|&#x1d42e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL V|&#x1d42f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D43x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL W|&#x1d430;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL X|&#x1d431;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL Y|&#x1d432;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL Z|&#x1d433;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL A|&#x1d434;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL B|&#x1d435;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL C|&#x1d436;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL D|&#x1d437;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL E|&#x1d438;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL F|&#x1d439;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL G|&#x1d43a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL H|&#x1d43b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL I|&#x1d43c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL J|&#x1d43d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL K|&#x1d43e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL L|&#x1d43f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D44x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL M|&#x1d440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL N|&#x1d441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL O|&#x1d442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL P|&#x1d443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL Q|&#x1d444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL R|&#x1d445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL S|&#x1d446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL T|&#x1d447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL U|&#x1d448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL V|&#x1d449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL W|&#x1d44a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL X|&#x1d44b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL Y|&#x1d44c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL 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|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL S|&#x1d530;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL T|&#x1d531;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL U|&#x1d532;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL V|&#x1d533;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL W|&#x1d534;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL X|&#x1d535;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL Y|&#x1d536;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL Z|&#x1d537;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL A|&#x1d538;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL B|&#x1d539;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL D|&#x1d53b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL E|&#x1d53c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL F|&#x1d53d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL G|&#x1d53e;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D54x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL I|&#x1d540;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL J|&#x1d541;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL K|&#x1d542;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL L|&#x1d543;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL M|&#x1d544;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL O|&#x1d546;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL S|&#x1d54a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL T|&#x1d54b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL U|&#x1d54c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL V|&#x1d54d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL W|&#x1d54e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL X|&#x1d54f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D55x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Y|&#x1d550;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL A|&#x1d552;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL B|&#x1d553;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL C|&#x1d554;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL D|&#x1d555;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL E|&#x1d556;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL F|&#x1d557;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL G|&#x1d558;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL H|&#x1d559;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL I|&#x1d55a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL J|&#x1d55b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL K|&#x1d55c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL L|&#x1d55d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL M|&#x1d55e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL N|&#x1d55f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D56x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL O|&#x1d560;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL P|&#x1d561;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL Q|&#x1d562;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL R|&#x1d563;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL S|&#x1d564;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL T|&#x1d565;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL U|&#x1d566;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL V|&#x1d567;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL W|&#x1d568;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL X|&#x1d569;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL Y|&#x1d56a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL Z|&#x1d56b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL A|&#x1d56c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL B|&#x1d56d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL C|&#x1d56e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL D|&#x1d56f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D57x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL E|&#x1d570;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL F|&#x1d571;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL G|&#x1d572;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL H|&#x1d573;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL I|&#x1d574;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL J|&#x1d575;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL K|&#x1d576;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL L|&#x1d577;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL M|&#x1d578;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL N|&#x1d579;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL O|&#x1d57a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL P|&#x1d57b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL Q|&#x1d57c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL R|&#x1d57d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL S|&#x1d57e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL T|&#x1d57f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D58x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL U|&#x1d580;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL V|&#x1d581;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL W|&#x1d582;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL X|&#x1d583;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL Y|&#x1d584;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL Z|&#x1d585;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL A|&#x1d586;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL B|&#x1d587;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL C|&#x1d588;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL D|&#x1d589;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL E|&#x1d58a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL F|&#x1d58b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL G|&#x1d58c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL H|&#x1d58d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL I|&#x1d58e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL J|&#x1d58f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D59x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL K|&#x1d590;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL L|&#x1d591;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL M|&#x1d592;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL N|&#x1d593;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL O|&#x1d594;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL P|&#x1d595;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL Q|&#x1d596;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL R|&#x1d597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL S|&#x1d598;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL T|&#x1d599;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL U|&#x1d59a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL V|&#x1d59b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL W|&#x1d59c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL X|&#x1d59d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL Y|&#x1d59e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL Z|&#x1d59f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D5Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL A|&#x1d5a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL B|&#x1d5a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL C|&#x1d5a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL D|&#x1d5a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL E|&#x1d5a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL F|&#x1d5a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL G|&#x1d5a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL H|&#x1d5a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL I|&#x1d5a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL J|&#x1d5a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL K|&#x1d5aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL L|&#x1d5ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL M|&#x1d5ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL N|&#x1d5ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL O|&#x1d5ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL P|&#x1d5af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D5Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL Q|&#x1d5b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL R|&#x1d5b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL S|&#x1d5b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL T|&#x1d5b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL U|&#x1d5b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL V|&#x1d5b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL W|&#x1d5b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL X|&#x1d5b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL Y|&#x1d5b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL Z|&#x1d5b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL A|&#x1d5ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL B|&#x1d5bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL C|&#x1d5bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL D|&#x1d5bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL E|&#x1d5be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL F|&#x1d5bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D5Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL G|&#x1d5c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL H|&#x1d5c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL I|&#x1d5c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL J|&#x1d5c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL K|&#x1d5c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL L|&#x1d5c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL M|&#x1d5c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL N|&#x1d5c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL O|&#x1d5c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL P|&#x1d5c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL Q|&#x1d5ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL R|&#x1d5cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL S|&#x1d5cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL T|&#x1d5cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL U|&#x1d5ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL V|&#x1d5cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D5Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL W|&#x1d5d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL X|&#x1d5d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL Y|&#x1d5d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF SMALL Z|&#x1d5d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL A|&#x1d5d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL B|&#x1d5d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL C|&#x1d5d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL D|&#x1d5d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL E|&#x1d5d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL F|&#x1d5d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL G|&#x1d5da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL H|&#x1d5db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL I|&#x1d5dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL J|&#x1d5dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL K|&#x1d5de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL L|&#x1d5df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D5Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL M|&#x1d5e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL N|&#x1d5e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL O|&#x1d5e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL P|&#x1d5e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL Q|&#x1d5e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL 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NABLA|&#x1d6c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL ALPHA|&#x1d6c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL BETA|&#x1d6c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL GAMMA|&#x1d6c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL DELTA|&#x1d6c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL EPSILON|&#x1d6c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL ZETA|&#x1d6c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL ETA|&#x1d6c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL THETA|&#x1d6c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL IOTA|&#x1d6ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL KAPPA|&#x1d6cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL LAMDA|&#x1d6cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL MU|&#x1d6cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL NU|&#x1d6ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL XI|&#x1d6cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D6Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL OMICRON|&#x1d6d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL PI|&#x1d6d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL RHO|&#x1d6d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL FINAL SIGMA|&#x1d6d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL SIGMA|&#x1d6d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL TAU|&#x1d6d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL UPSILON|&#x1d6d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL PHI|&#x1d6d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL CHI|&#x1d6d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL PSI|&#x1d6d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL OMEGA|&#x1d6da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL|&#x1d6db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD EPSILON SYMBOL|&#x1d6dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD THETA SYMBOL|&#x1d6dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD KAPPA SYMBOL|&#x1d6de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD PHI SYMBOL|&#x1d6df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D6Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD RHO SYMBOL|&#x1d6e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD PI SYMBOL|&#x1d6e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL ALPHA|&#x1d6e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL BETA|&#x1d6e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL GAMMA|&#x1d6e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL DELTA|&#x1d6e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL EPSILON|&#x1d6e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL ZETA|&#x1d6e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL ETA|&#x1d6e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL THETA|&#x1d6e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL IOTA|&#x1d6ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL KAPPA|&#x1d6eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL LAMDA|&#x1d6ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL MU|&#x1d6ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL NU|&#x1d6ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL XI|&#x1d6ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D6Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL OMICRON|&#x1d6f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL PI|&#x1d6f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL RHO|&#x1d6f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL|&#x1d6f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL SIGMA|&#x1d6f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL TAU|&#x1d6f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL UPSILON|&#x1d6f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL PHI|&#x1d6f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL CHI|&#x1d6f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL PSI|&#x1d6f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL OMEGA|&#x1d6fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC NABLA|&#x1d6fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL ALPHA|&#x1d6fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL BETA|&#x1d6fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL GAMMA|&#x1d6fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL DELTA|&#x1d6ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D70x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL EPSILON|&#x1d700;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL ZETA|&#x1d701;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL ETA|&#x1d702;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL THETA|&#x1d703;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL IOTA|&#x1d704;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL KAPPA|&#x1d705;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL LAMDA|&#x1d706;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL MU|&#x1d707;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL NU|&#x1d708;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL XI|&#x1d709;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL OMICRON|&#x1d70a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL PI|&#x1d70b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL RHO|&#x1d70c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL FINAL SIGMA|&#x1d70d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL SIGMA|&#x1d70e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL TAU|&#x1d70f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D71x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL UPSILON|&#x1d710;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL PHI|&#x1d711;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL CHI|&#x1d712;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL PSI|&#x1d713;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL OMEGA|&#x1d714;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL|&#x1d715;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC EPSILON SYMBOL|&#x1d716;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC THETA SYMBOL|&#x1d717;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC KAPPA SYMBOL|&#x1d718;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC PHI SYMBOL|&#x1d719;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC RHO SYMBOL|&#x1d71a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL ITALIC PI SYMBOL|&#x1d71b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL ALPHA|&#x1d71c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL BETA|&#x1d71d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL GAMMA|&#x1d71e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL DELTA|&#x1d71f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D72x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL EPSILON|&#x1d720;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL ZETA|&#x1d721;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL ETA|&#x1d722;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL THETA|&#x1d723;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL IOTA|&#x1d724;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL KAPPA|&#x1d725;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL LAMDA|&#x1d726;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL MU|&#x1d727;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL NU|&#x1d728;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL XI|&#x1d729;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL OMICRON|&#x1d72a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL PI|&#x1d72b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL RHO|&#x1d72c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL|&#x1d72d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL SIGMA|&#x1d72e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL TAU|&#x1d72f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D73x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL UPSILON|&#x1d730;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL PHI|&#x1d731;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL CHI|&#x1d732;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL PSI|&#x1d733;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL OMEGA|&#x1d734;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC NABLA|&#x1d735;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL ALPHA|&#x1d736;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL BETA|&#x1d737;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL GAMMA|&#x1d738;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL DELTA|&#x1d739;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL EPSILON|&#x1d73a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL ZETA|&#x1d73b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL ETA|&#x1d73c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL THETA|&#x1d73d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL IOTA|&#x1d73e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL KAPPA|&#x1d73f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D74x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL LAMDA|&#x1d740;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL MU|&#x1d741;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL NU|&#x1d742;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL XI|&#x1d743;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL OMICRON|&#x1d744;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL PI|&#x1d745;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL RHO|&#x1d746;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL FINAL SIGMA|&#x1d747;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL SIGMA|&#x1d748;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL TAU|&#x1d749;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL UPSILON|&#x1d74a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL PHI|&#x1d74b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL CHI|&#x1d74c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL PSI|&#x1d74d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL OMEGA|&#x1d74e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL|&#x1d74f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D75x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC EPSILON SYMBOL|&#x1d750;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC THETA SYMBOL|&#x1d751;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC KAPPA SYMBOL|&#x1d752;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC PHI SYMBOL|&#x1d753;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC RHO SYMBOL|&#x1d754;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC PI SYMBOL|&#x1d755;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL ALPHA|&#x1d756;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL BETA|&#x1d757;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL GAMMA|&#x1d758;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL DELTA|&#x1d759;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL EPSILON|&#x1d75a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL ZETA|&#x1d75b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL ETA|&#x1d75c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL THETA|&#x1d75d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL IOTA|&#x1d75e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL KAPPA|&#x1d75f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D76x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL LAMDA|&#x1d760;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL MU|&#x1d761;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL NU|&#x1d762;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL XI|&#x1d763;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL OMICRON|&#x1d764;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL PI|&#x1d765;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL RHO|&#x1d766;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL|&#x1d767;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL SIGMA|&#x1d768;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL TAU|&#x1d769;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL UPSILON|&#x1d76a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL PHI|&#x1d76b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL CHI|&#x1d76c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL PSI|&#x1d76d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL OMEGA|&#x1d76e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD NABLA|&#x1d76f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D77x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL ALPHA|&#x1d770;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL BETA|&#x1d771;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL GAMMA|&#x1d772;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL DELTA|&#x1d773;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL EPSILON|&#x1d774;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL ZETA|&#x1d775;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL ETA|&#x1d776;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL THETA|&#x1d777;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL IOTA|&#x1d778;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL KAPPA|&#x1d779;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL LAMDA|&#x1d77a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL MU|&#x1d77b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL NU|&#x1d77c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL XI|&#x1d77d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL OMICRON|&#x1d77e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL PI|&#x1d77f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D78x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL RHO|&#x1d780;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL FINAL SIGMA|&#x1d781;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL SIGMA|&#x1d782;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL TAU|&#x1d783;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL UPSILON|&#x1d784;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL PHI|&#x1d785;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL CHI|&#x1d786;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL PSI|&#x1d787;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL OMEGA|&#x1d788;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL|&#x1d789;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD EPSILON SYMBOL|&#x1d78a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD THETA SYMBOL|&#x1d78b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD KAPPA SYMBOL|&#x1d78c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD PHI SYMBOL|&#x1d78d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD RHO SYMBOL|&#x1d78e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD PI SYMBOL|&#x1d78f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D79x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL ALPHA|&#x1d790;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL BETA|&#x1d791;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL GAMMA|&#x1d792;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL DELTA|&#x1d793;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL EPSILON|&#x1d794;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL ZETA|&#x1d795;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL ETA|&#x1d796;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL THETA|&#x1d797;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL IOTA|&#x1d798;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL KAPPA|&#x1d799;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL LAMDA|&#x1d79a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL MU|&#x1d79b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL NU|&#x1d79c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL XI|&#x1d79d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL OMICRON|&#x1d79e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL PI|&#x1d79f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D7Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL RHO|&#x1d7a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL|&#x1d7a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL SIGMA|&#x1d7a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL TAU|&#x1d7a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL UPSILON|&#x1d7a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL PHI|&#x1d7a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL CHI|&#x1d7a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL PSI|&#x1d7a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL OMEGA|&#x1d7a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC NABLA|&#x1d7a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL ALPHA|&#x1d7aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL BETA|&#x1d7ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL GAMMA|&#x1d7ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL DELTA|&#x1d7ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL EPSILON|&#x1d7ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL ZETA|&#x1d7af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D7Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL ETA|&#x1d7b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL THETA|&#x1d7b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL IOTA|&#x1d7b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL KAPPA|&#x1d7b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL LAMDA|&#x1d7b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL MU|&#x1d7b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL NU|&#x1d7b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL XI|&#x1d7b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL OMICRON|&#x1d7b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL PI|&#x1d7b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL RHO|&#x1d7ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL FINAL SIGMA|&#x1d7bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL SIGMA|&#x1d7bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL TAU|&#x1d7bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL UPSILON|&#x1d7be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL PHI|&#x1d7bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D7Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL CHI|&#x1d7c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL PSI|&#x1d7c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL OMEGA|&#x1d7c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL|&#x1d7c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC EPSILON SYMBOL|&#x1d7c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC THETA SYMBOL|&#x1d7c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC KAPPA SYMBOL|&#x1d7c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC PHI SYMBOL|&#x1d7c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC RHO SYMBOL|&#x1d7c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC PI SYMBOL|&#x1d7c9;}}||style="background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL DIGAMMA|&#x1d7ca;}}||style="background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL DIGAMMA|&#x1d7cb;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT ZERO|&#x1d7ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT ONE|&#x1d7cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D7Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT TWO|&#x1d7d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT THREE|&#x1d7d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT FOUR|&#x1d7d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT FIVE|&#x1d7d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT SIX|&#x1d7d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1d7d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1d7d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT NINE|&#x1d7d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT ZERO|&#x1d7d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT ONE|&#x1d7d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT TWO|&#x1d7da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT THREE|&#x1d7db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT FOUR|&#x1d7dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT FIVE|&#x1d7dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT SIX|&#x1d7de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1d7df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D7Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1d7e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT NINE|&#x1d7e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT ZERO|&#x1d7e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE|&#x1d7e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO|&#x1d7e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE|&#x1d7e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR|&#x1d7e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE|&#x1d7e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX|&#x1d7e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1d7e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1d7ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE|&#x1d7eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT ZERO|&#x1d7ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT ONE|&#x1d7ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT TWO|&#x1d7ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT THREE|&#x1d7ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D7Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT FOUR|&#x1d7f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT FIVE|&#x1d7f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT SIX|&#x1d7f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1d7f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1d7f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT NINE|&#x1d7f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT ZERO|&#x1d7f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT ONE|&#x1d7f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT TWO|&#x1d7f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT THREE|&#x1d7f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT FOUR|&#x1d7fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT FIVE|&#x1d7fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT SIX|&#x1d7fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1d7fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1d7fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT NINE|&#x1d7ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sutton SignWriting''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D80x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX|&#x1d800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE INDEX|&#x1d801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CUP INDEX|&#x1d802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-OVAL INDEX|&#x1d803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE INDEX|&#x1d804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE INDEX|&#x1d805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX BENT|&#x1d806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE INDEX BENT|&#x1d807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB UNDER INDEX BENT|&#x1d808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX RAISED KNUCKLE|&#x1d809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX CUPPED|&#x1d80a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX HINGED|&#x1d80b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX HINGED LOW|&#x1d80c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE INDEX HINGE|&#x1d80d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE|&#x1d80e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE INDEX MIDDLE|&#x1d80f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D81x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE BENT|&#x1d810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE RAISED KNUCKLES|&#x1d811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE HINGED|&#x1d812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX UP MIDDLE HINGED|&#x1d813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX HINGED MIDDLE UP|&#x1d814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE CONJOINED|&#x1d815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE CONJOINED INDEX BENT|&#x1d816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE CONJOINED MIDDLE BENT|&#x1d817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE CONJOINED CUPPED|&#x1d818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE CONJOINED HINGED|&#x1d819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE CROSSED|&#x1d81a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE INDEX MIDDLE CROSSED|&#x1d81b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST MIDDLE BENT OVER INDEX|&#x1d81c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX BENT OVER MIDDLE|&#x1d81d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE THUMB|&#x1d81e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE INDEX MIDDLE THUMB|&#x1d81f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D82x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE STRAIGHT THUMB BENT|&#x1d820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE BENT THUMB STRAIGHT|&#x1d821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE THUMB BENT|&#x1d822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE HINGED SPREAD THUMB SIDE|&#x1d823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX UP MIDDLE HINGED THUMB SIDE|&#x1d824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX UP MIDDLE HINGED THUMB CONJOINED|&#x1d825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX HINGED MIDDLE UP THUMB SIDE|&#x1d826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE UP SPREAD THUMB FORWARD|&#x1d827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE THUMB CUPPED|&#x1d828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE THUMB CIRCLED|&#x1d829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE THUMB HOOKED|&#x1d82a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE THUMB HINGED|&#x1d82b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB BETWEEN INDEX MIDDLE STRAIGHT|&#x1d82c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE CONJOINED THUMB SIDE|&#x1d82d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE CONJOINED THUMB SIDE CONJOINED|&#x1d82e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE CONJOINED THUMB SIDE BENT|&#x1d82f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D83x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST MIDDLE THUMB HOOKED INDEX UP|&#x1d830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB HOOKED MIDDLE UP|&#x1d831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE CONJOINED HINGED THUMB SIDE|&#x1d832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE CROSSED THUMB SIDE|&#x1d833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE CONJOINED THUMB FORWARD|&#x1d834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE CONJOINED CUPPED THUMB FORWARD|&#x1d835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST MIDDLE THUMB CUPPED INDEX UP|&#x1d836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB CUPPED MIDDLE UP|&#x1d837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST MIDDLE THUMB CIRCLED INDEX UP|&#x1d838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST MIDDLE THUMB CIRCLED INDEX HINGED|&#x1d839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB ANGLED OUT MIDDLE UP|&#x1d83a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB ANGLED IN MIDDLE UP|&#x1d83b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB CIRCLED MIDDLE UP|&#x1d83c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE THUMB CONJOINED HINGED|&#x1d83d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE THUMB ANGLED OUT|&#x1d83e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE THUMB ANGLED|&#x1d83f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D84x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST MIDDLE THUMB ANGLED OUT INDEX UP|&#x1d840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST MIDDLE THUMB ANGLED OUT INDEX CROSSED|&#x1d841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST MIDDLE THUMB ANGLED INDEX UP|&#x1d842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB HOOKED MIDDLE HINGED|&#x1d843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT FOUR FINGERS|&#x1d844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT FOUR FINGERS BENT|&#x1d845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT FOUR FINGERS HINGED|&#x1d846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT FOUR FINGERS CONJOINED|&#x1d847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT FOUR FINGERS CONJOINED SPLIT|&#x1d848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CLAW FOUR FINGERS CONJOINED|&#x1d849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST FOUR FINGERS CONJOINED BENT|&#x1d84a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE FOUR FINGERS CONJOINED|&#x1d84b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT FIVE FINGERS SPREAD|&#x1d84c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT HEEL FIVE FINGERS SPREAD|&#x1d84d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT FIVE FINGERS SPREAD FOUR BENT|&#x1d84e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT HEEL FIVE FINGERS SPREAD FOUR BENT|&#x1d84f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D85x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT FIVE FINGERS SPREAD BENT|&#x1d850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT HEEL FIVE FINGERS SPREAD BENT|&#x1d851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT FIVE FINGERS SPREAD THUMB FORWARD|&#x1d852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CUP FIVE FINGERS SPREAD|&#x1d853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CUP FIVE FINGERS SPREAD OPEN|&#x1d854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE FIVE FINGERS SPREAD OPEN|&#x1d855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-OVAL FIVE FINGERS SPREAD|&#x1d856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT FIVE FINGERS SPREAD HINGED|&#x1d857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT FIVE FINGERS SPREAD HINGED THUMB SIDE|&#x1d858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT FIVE FINGERS SPREAD HINGED NO THUMB|&#x1d859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT|&#x1d85a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT BETWEEN PALM FACINGS|&#x1d85b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT HEEL|&#x1d85c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT THUMB SIDE|&#x1d85d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT HEEL THUMB SIDE|&#x1d85e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT THUMB BENT|&#x1d85f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D86x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT THUMB FORWARD|&#x1d860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT SPLIT INDEX THUMB SIDE|&#x1d861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT SPLIT CENTRE|&#x1d862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT SPLIT CENTRE THUMB SIDE|&#x1d863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT SPLIT CENTRE THUMB SIDE BENT|&#x1d864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FLAT SPLIT LITTLE|&#x1d865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CLAW|&#x1d866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CLAW THUMB SIDE|&#x1d867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CLAW NO THUMB|&#x1d868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CLAW THUMB FORWARD|&#x1d869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HOOK CURLICUE|&#x1d86a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HOOK|&#x1d86b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CUP OPEN|&#x1d86c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CUP|&#x1d86d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CUP OPEN THUMB SIDE|&#x1d86e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CUP THUMB SIDE|&#x1d86f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D87x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CUP OPEN NO THUMB|&#x1d870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CUP NO THUMB|&#x1d871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CUP OPEN THUMB FORWARD|&#x1d872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CUP THUMB FORWARD|&#x1d873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CURLICUE OPEN|&#x1d874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CURLICUE|&#x1d875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE|&#x1d876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-OVAL|&#x1d877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-OVAL THUMB SIDE|&#x1d878;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-OVAL NO THUMB|&#x1d879;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-OVAL THUMB FORWARD|&#x1d87a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE OPEN|&#x1d87b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE OPEN THUMB FORWARD|&#x1d87c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE|&#x1d87d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE SMALL|&#x1d87e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE OPEN THUMB SIDE|&#x1d87f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D88x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE THUMB SIDE|&#x1d880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE OPEN NO THUMB|&#x1d881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE NO THUMB|&#x1d882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE THUMB SIDE TOUCHING INDEX|&#x1d883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE THUMB BETWEEN MIDDLE RING|&#x1d884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE|&#x1d885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE RING|&#x1d886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE INDEX MIDDLE RING|&#x1d887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE INDEX MIDDLE RING|&#x1d888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE INDEX MIDDLE RING|&#x1d889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE LITTLE|&#x1d88a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE RING BENT|&#x1d88b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE RING CONJOINED|&#x1d88c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE INDEX MIDDLE RING CONJOINED|&#x1d88d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST LITTLE DOWN|&#x1d88e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST LITTLE DOWN RIPPLE STRAIGHT|&#x1d88f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D89x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST LITTLE DOWN RIPPLE CURVED|&#x1d890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST LITTLE DOWN OTHERS CIRCLED|&#x1d891;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST LITTLE UP|&#x1d892;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB UNDER LITTLE UP|&#x1d893;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE LITTLE UP|&#x1d894;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-OVAL LITTLE UP|&#x1d895;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE LITTLE UP|&#x1d896;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST LITTLE RAISED KNUCKLE|&#x1d897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST LITTLE BENT|&#x1d898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST LITTLE TOUCHES THUMB|&#x1d899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST LITTLE THUMB|&#x1d89a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE LITTLE THUMB|&#x1d89b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST LITTLE INDEX THUMB|&#x1d89c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE LITTLE INDEX THUMB|&#x1d89d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE LITTLE INDEX THUMB INDEX THUMB OUT|&#x1d89e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE LITTLE INDEX THUMB INDEX THUMB|&#x1d89f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D8Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST LITTLE INDEX|&#x1d8a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE LITTLE INDEX|&#x1d8a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE LITTLE INDEX|&#x1d8a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE LITTLE INDEX|&#x1d8a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE LITTLE|&#x1d8a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE INDEX MIDDLE LITTLE|&#x1d8a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE INDEX MIDDLE LITTLE|&#x1d8a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE RING|&#x1d8a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE INDEX MIDDLE LITTLE|&#x1d8a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX MIDDLE CROSS LITTLE|&#x1d8a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE INDEX MIDDLE CROSS LITTLE|&#x1d8aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST RING DOWN|&#x1d8ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE RING DOWN INDEX THUMB HOOK MIDDLE|&#x1d8ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE RING DOWN MIDDLE THUMB INDEX CROSS|&#x1d8ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST RING UP|&#x1d8ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST RING RAISED KNUCKLE|&#x1d8af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D8Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST RING LITTLE|&#x1d8b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE RING LITTLE|&#x1d8b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-OVAL RING LITTLE|&#x1d8b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE RING LITTLE|&#x1d8b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST RING MIDDLE|&#x1d8b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST RING MIDDLE CONJOINED|&#x1d8b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST RING MIDDLE RAISED KNUCKLES|&#x1d8b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST RING INDEX|&#x1d8b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST RING THUMB|&#x1d8b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HOOK RING THUMB|&#x1d8b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX RING LITTLE|&#x1d8ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE INDEX RING LITTLE|&#x1d8bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CURLICUE INDEX RING LITTLE ON|&#x1d8bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HOOK INDEX RING LITTLE OUT|&#x1d8bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HOOK INDEX RING LITTLE IN|&#x1d8be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HOOK INDEX RING LITTLE UNDER|&#x1d8bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D8Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CUP INDEX RING LITTLE|&#x1d8c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE INDEX RING LITTLE|&#x1d8c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE INDEX RING LITTLE OUT|&#x1d8c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE INDEX RING LITTLE|&#x1d8c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST MIDDLE DOWN|&#x1d8c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE MIDDLE|&#x1d8c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST MIDDLE UP|&#x1d8c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE MIDDLE UP|&#x1d8c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST MIDDLE RAISED KNUCKLE|&#x1d8c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST MIDDLE UP THUMB SIDE|&#x1d8c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HOOK MIDDLE THUMB|&#x1d8ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST MIDDLE THUMB LITTLE|&#x1d8cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST MIDDLE LITTLE|&#x1d8cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST MIDDLE RING LITTLE|&#x1d8cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE MIDDLE RING LITTLE|&#x1d8ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CURLICUE MIDDLE RING LITTLE ON|&#x1d8cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D8Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CUP MIDDLE RING LITTLE|&#x1d8d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE MIDDLE RING LITTLE|&#x1d8d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE MIDDLE RING LITTLE OUT|&#x1d8d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE MIDDLE RING LITTLE IN|&#x1d8d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE MIDDLE RING LITTLE|&#x1d8d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CIRCLE MIDDLE RING LITTLE BENT|&#x1d8d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CLAW MIDDLE RING LITTLE CONJOINED|&#x1d8d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CLAW MIDDLE RING LITTLE CONJOINED SIDE|&#x1d8d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HOOK MIDDLE RING LITTLE CONJOINED OUT|&#x1d8d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HOOK MIDDLE RING LITTLE CONJOINED IN|&#x1d8d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HOOK MIDDLE RING LITTLE CONJOINED|&#x1d8da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE INDEX HINGED|&#x1d8db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB SIDE|&#x1d8dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE INDEX THUMB SIDE|&#x1d8dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB SIDE THUMB DIAGONAL|&#x1d8de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB SIDE THUMB CONJOINED|&#x1d8df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D8Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB SIDE THUMB BENT|&#x1d8e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB SIDE INDEX BENT|&#x1d8e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB SIDE BOTH BENT|&#x1d8e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB SIDE INDEX HINGE|&#x1d8e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB FORWARD INDEX STRAIGHT|&#x1d8e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB FORWARD INDEX BENT|&#x1d8e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB HOOK|&#x1d8e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB CURLICUE|&#x1d8e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB CURVE THUMB INSIDE|&#x1d8e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CLAW INDEX THUMB CURVE THUMB INSIDE|&#x1d8e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB CURVE THUMB UNDER|&#x1d8ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST INDEX THUMB CIRCLE|&#x1d8eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CUP INDEX THUMB|&#x1d8ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-CUP INDEX THUMB OPEN|&#x1d8ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE INDEX THUMB OPEN|&#x1d8ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE INDEX THUMB LARGE|&#x1d8ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D8Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE INDEX THUMB|&#x1d8f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-HINGE INDEX THUMB SMALL|&#x1d8f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE INDEX THUMB OUT|&#x1d8f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE INDEX THUMB IN|&#x1d8f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-ANGLE INDEX THUMB|&#x1d8f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB|&#x1d8f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB HEEL|&#x1d8f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB SIDE DIAGONAL|&#x1d8f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB SIDE CONJOINED|&#x1d8f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB SIDE BENT|&#x1d8f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB FORWARD|&#x1d8fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB BETWEEN INDEX MIDDLE|&#x1d8fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB BETWEEN MIDDLE RING|&#x1d8fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB BETWEEN RING LITTLE|&#x1d8fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB UNDER TWO FINGERS|&#x1d8fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB OVER TWO FINGERS|&#x1d8ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D90x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB UNDER THREE FINGERS|&#x1d900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB UNDER FOUR FINGERS|&#x1d901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST THUMB OVER FOUR RAISED KNUCKLES|&#x1d902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST|&#x1d903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAND-FIST HEEL|&#x1d904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TOUCH SINGLE|&#x1d905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TOUCH MULTIPLE|&#x1d906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TOUCH BETWEEN|&#x1d907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING GRASP SINGLE|&#x1d908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING GRASP MULTIPLE|&#x1d909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING GRASP BETWEEN|&#x1d90a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING STRIKE SINGLE|&#x1d90b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING STRIKE MULTIPLE|&#x1d90c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING STRIKE BETWEEN|&#x1d90d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING BRUSH SINGLE|&#x1d90e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING BRUSH MULTIPLE|&#x1d90f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D91x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING BRUSH BETWEEN|&#x1d910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING RUB SINGLE|&#x1d911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING RUB MULTIPLE|&#x1d912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING RUB BETWEEN|&#x1d913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING SURFACE SYMBOLS|&#x1d914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING SURFACE BETWEEN|&#x1d915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING SQUEEZE LARGE SINGLE|&#x1d916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING SQUEEZE SMALL SINGLE|&#x1d917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING SQUEEZE LARGE MULTIPLE|&#x1d918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING SQUEEZE SMALL MULTIPLE|&#x1d919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING SQUEEZE SEQUENTIAL|&#x1d91a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FLICK LARGE SINGLE|&#x1d91b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FLICK SMALL SINGLE|&#x1d91c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FLICK LARGE MULTIPLE|&#x1d91d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FLICK SMALL MULTIPLE|&#x1d91e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FLICK SEQUENTIAL|&#x1d91f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D92x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING SQUEEZE FLICK ALTERNATING|&#x1d920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-HINGE UP DOWN LARGE|&#x1d921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-HINGE UP DOWN SMALL|&#x1d922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-HINGE UP SEQUENTIAL|&#x1d923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-HINGE DOWN SEQUENTIAL|&#x1d924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-HINGE UP DOWN ALTERNATING LARGE|&#x1d925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-HINGE UP DOWN ALTERNATING SMALL|&#x1d926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-HINGE SIDE TO SIDE SCISSORS|&#x1d927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE FINGER CONTACT|&#x1d928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE FINGER CONTACT|&#x1d929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE SINGLE STRAIGHT SMALL|&#x1d92a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE SINGLE STRAIGHT MEDIUM|&#x1d92b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE SINGLE STRAIGHT LARGE|&#x1d92c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE SINGLE STRAIGHT LARGEST|&#x1d92d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE SINGLE WRIST FLEX|&#x1d92e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE DOUBLE STRAIGHT|&#x1d92f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D93x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE DOUBLE WRIST FLEX|&#x1d930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE DOUBLE ALTERNATING|&#x1d931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE DOUBLE ALTERNATING WRIST FLEX|&#x1d932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CROSS|&#x1d933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE TRIPLE STRAIGHT MOVEMENT|&#x1d934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE TRIPLE WRIST FLEX|&#x1d935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE TRIPLE ALTERNATING|&#x1d936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE TRIPLE ALTERNATING WRIST FLEX|&#x1d937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE BEND SMALL|&#x1d938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE BEND MEDIUM|&#x1d939;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE BEND LARGE|&#x1d93a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CORNER SMALL|&#x1d93b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CORNER MEDIUM|&#x1d93c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CORNER LARGE|&#x1d93d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CORNER ROTATION|&#x1d93e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CHECK SMALL|&#x1d93f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D94x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CHECK MEDIUM|&#x1d940;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CHECK LARGE|&#x1d941;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE BOX SMALL|&#x1d942;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE BOX MEDIUM|&#x1d943;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE BOX LARGE|&#x1d944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE ZIGZAG SMALL|&#x1d945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE ZIGZAG MEDIUM|&#x1d946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE ZIGZAG LARGE|&#x1d947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE PEAKS SMALL|&#x1d948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE PEAKS MEDIUM|&#x1d949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE PEAKS LARGE|&#x1d94a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-WALLPLANE ROTATION-WALLPLANE SINGLE|&#x1d94b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-WALLPLANE ROTATION-WALLPLANE DOUBLE|&#x1d94c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-WALLPLANE ROTATION-WALLPLANE ALTERNATING|&#x1d94d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-WALLPLANE ROTATION-FLOORPLANE SINGLE|&#x1d94e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-WALLPLANE ROTATION-FLOORPLANE DOUBLE|&#x1d94f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D95x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-WALLPLANE ROTATION-FLOORPLANE ALTERNATING|&#x1d950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-WALLPLANE SHAKING|&#x1d951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-WALLPLANE ARM SPIRAL SINGLE|&#x1d952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-WALLPLANE ARM SPIRAL DOUBLE|&#x1d953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-WALLPLANE ARM SPIRAL TRIPLE|&#x1d954;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-DIAGONAL AWAY SMALL|&#x1d955;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-DIAGONAL AWAY MEDIUM|&#x1d956;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-DIAGONAL AWAY LARGE|&#x1d957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-DIAGONAL AWAY LARGEST|&#x1d958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-DIAGONAL TOWARDS SMALL|&#x1d959;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-DIAGONAL TOWARDS MEDIUM|&#x1d95a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-DIAGONAL TOWARDS LARGE|&#x1d95b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-DIAGONAL TOWARDS LARGEST|&#x1d95c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-DIAGONAL BETWEEN AWAY SMALL|&#x1d95d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-DIAGONAL BETWEEN AWAY MEDIUM|&#x1d95e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-DIAGONAL BETWEEN AWAY LARGE|&#x1d95f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D96x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-DIAGONAL BETWEEN AWAY LARGEST|&#x1d960;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-DIAGONAL BETWEEN TOWARDS SMALL|&#x1d961;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-DIAGONAL BETWEEN TOWARDS MEDIUM|&#x1d962;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-DIAGONAL BETWEEN TOWARDS LARGE|&#x1d963;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-DIAGONAL BETWEEN TOWARDS LARGEST|&#x1d964;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE SINGLE STRAIGHT SMALL|&#x1d965;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE SINGLE STRAIGHT MEDIUM|&#x1d966;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE SINGLE STRAIGHT LARGE|&#x1d967;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE SINGLE STRAIGHT LARGEST|&#x1d968;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE SINGLE WRIST FLEX|&#x1d969;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE DOUBLE STRAIGHT|&#x1d96a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE DOUBLE WRIST FLEX|&#x1d96b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE DOUBLE ALTERNATING|&#x1d96c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE DOUBLE ALTERNATING WRIST FLEX|&#x1d96d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE CROSS|&#x1d96e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE TRIPLE STRAIGHT MOVEMENT|&#x1d96f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D97x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE TRIPLE WRIST FLEX|&#x1d970;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE TRIPLE ALTERNATING MOVEMENT|&#x1d971;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE TRIPLE ALTERNATING WRIST FLEX|&#x1d972;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE BEND|&#x1d973;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE CORNER SMALL|&#x1d974;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE CORNER MEDIUM|&#x1d975;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE CORNER LARGE|&#x1d976;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE CHECK|&#x1d977;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE BOX SMALL|&#x1d978;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE BOX MEDIUM|&#x1d979;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE BOX LARGE|&#x1d97a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE ZIGZAG SMALL|&#x1d97b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE ZIGZAG MEDIUM|&#x1d97c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE ZIGZAG LARGE|&#x1d97d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE PEAKS SMALL|&#x1d97e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE PEAKS MEDIUM|&#x1d97f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D98x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE PEAKS LARGE|&#x1d980;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-FLOORPLANE ROTATION-FLOORPLANE SINGLE|&#x1d981;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-FLOORPLANE ROTATION-FLOORPLANE DOUBLE|&#x1d982;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-FLOORPLANE ROTATION-FLOORPLANE ALTERNATING|&#x1d983;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-FLOORPLANE ROTATION-WALLPLANE SINGLE|&#x1d984;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-FLOORPLANE ROTATION-WALLPLANE DOUBLE|&#x1d985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-FLOORPLANE ROTATION-WALLPLANE ALTERNATING|&#x1d986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TRAVEL-FLOORPLANE SHAKING|&#x1d987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CURVE QUARTER SMALL|&#x1d988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CURVE QUARTER MEDIUM|&#x1d989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CURVE QUARTER LARGE|&#x1d98a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CURVE QUARTER LARGEST|&#x1d98b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CURVE HALF-CIRCLE SMALL|&#x1d98c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CURVE HALF-CIRCLE MEDIUM|&#x1d98d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CURVE HALF-CIRCLE LARGE|&#x1d98e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CURVE HALF-CIRCLE LARGEST|&#x1d98f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D99x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CURVE THREE-QUARTER CIRCLE SMALL|&#x1d990;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CURVE THREE-QUARTER CIRCLE MEDIUM|&#x1d991;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE HUMP SMALL|&#x1d992;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE HUMP MEDIUM|&#x1d993;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE HUMP LARGE|&#x1d994;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE LOOP SMALL|&#x1d995;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE LOOP MEDIUM|&#x1d996;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE LOOP LARGE|&#x1d997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE LOOP SMALL DOUBLE|&#x1d998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE WAVE CURVE DOUBLE SMALL|&#x1d999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE WAVE CURVE DOUBLE MEDIUM|&#x1d99a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE WAVE CURVE DOUBLE LARGE|&#x1d99b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE WAVE CURVE TRIPLE SMALL|&#x1d99c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE WAVE CURVE TRIPLE MEDIUM|&#x1d99d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE WAVE CURVE TRIPLE LARGE|&#x1d99e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CURVE THEN STRAIGHT|&#x1d99f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D9Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CURVED CROSS SMALL|&#x1d9a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CURVED CROSS MEDIUM|&#x1d9a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-WALLPLANE SINGLE|&#x1d9a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-WALLPLANE DOUBLE|&#x1d9a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-WALLPLANE ALTERNATE|&#x1d9a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE SHAKING|&#x1d9a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CURVE HITTING FRONT WALL|&#x1d9a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE HUMP HITTING FRONT WALL|&#x1d9a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE LOOP HITTING FRONT WALL|&#x1d9a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE WAVE HITTING FRONT WALL|&#x1d9a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-WALLPLANE SINGLE HITTING FRONT WALL|&#x1d9aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-WALLPLANE DOUBLE HITTING FRONT WALL|&#x1d9ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-WALLPLANE ALTERNATING HITTING FRONT WALL|&#x1d9ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CURVE HITTING CHEST|&#x1d9ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE HUMP HITTING CHEST|&#x1d9ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE LOOP HITTING CHEST|&#x1d9af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D9Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE WAVE HITTING CHEST|&#x1d9b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-WALLPLANE SINGLE HITTING CHEST|&#x1d9b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-WALLPLANE DOUBLE HITTING CHEST|&#x1d9b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-WALLPLANE ALTERNATING HITTING CHEST|&#x1d9b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE WAVE DIAGONAL PATH SMALL|&#x1d9b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE WAVE DIAGONAL PATH MEDIUM|&#x1d9b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE WAVE DIAGONAL PATH LARGE|&#x1d9b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE CURVE HITTING CEILING SMALL|&#x1d9b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE CURVE HITTING CEILING LARGE|&#x1d9b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE HUMP HITTING CEILING SMALL DOUBLE|&#x1d9b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE HUMP HITTING CEILING LARGE DOUBLE|&#x1d9ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE HUMP HITTING CEILING SMALL TRIPLE|&#x1d9bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE HUMP HITTING CEILING LARGE TRIPLE|&#x1d9bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE LOOP HITTING CEILING SMALL SINGLE|&#x1d9bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE LOOP HITTING CEILING LARGE SINGLE|&#x1d9be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE LOOP HITTING CEILING SMALL DOUBLE|&#x1d9bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D9Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE LOOP HITTING CEILING LARGE DOUBLE|&#x1d9c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE WAVE HITTING CEILING SMALL|&#x1d9c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE WAVE HITTING CEILING LARGE|&#x1d9c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-FLOORPLANE SINGLE HITTING CEILING|&#x1d9c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-FLOORPLANE DOUBLE HITTING CEILING|&#x1d9c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-FLOORPLANE ALTERNATING HITTING CEILING|&#x1d9c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE CURVE HITTING FLOOR SMALL|&#x1d9c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE CURVE HITTING FLOOR LARGE|&#x1d9c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE HUMP HITTING FLOOR SMALL DOUBLE|&#x1d9c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE HUMP HITTING FLOOR LARGE DOUBLE|&#x1d9c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE HUMP HITTING FLOOR TRIPLE SMALL TRIPLE|&#x1d9ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE HUMP HITTING FLOOR TRIPLE LARGE TRIPLE|&#x1d9cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE LOOP HITTING FLOOR SMALL SINGLE|&#x1d9cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE LOOP HITTING FLOOR LARGE SINGLE|&#x1d9cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE LOOP HITTING FLOOR SMALL DOUBLE|&#x1d9ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE LOOP HITTING FLOOR LARGE DOUBLE|&#x1d9cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D9Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE WAVE HITTING FLOOR SMALL|&#x1d9d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE WAVE HITTING FLOOR LARGE|&#x1d9d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-FLOORPLANE SINGLE HITTING FLOOR|&#x1d9d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-FLOORPLANE DOUBLE HITTING FLOOR|&#x1d9d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-FLOORPLANE ALTERNATING HITTING FLOOR|&#x1d9d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE CURVE SMALL|&#x1d9d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE CURVE MEDIUM|&#x1d9d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE CURVE LARGE|&#x1d9d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE CURVE LARGEST|&#x1d9d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE CURVE COMBINED|&#x1d9d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE HUMP SMALL|&#x1d9da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE LOOP SMALL|&#x1d9db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE WAVE SNAKE|&#x1d9dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE WAVE SMALL|&#x1d9dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE WAVE LARGE|&#x1d9de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-FLOORPLANE SINGLE|&#x1d9df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D9Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-FLOORPLANE DOUBLE|&#x1d9e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION-FLOORPLANE ALTERNATING|&#x1d9e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE SHAKING PARALLEL|&#x1d9e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE ARM CIRCLE SMALL SINGLE|&#x1d9e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE ARM CIRCLE MEDIUM SINGLE|&#x1d9e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE ARM CIRCLE SMALL DOUBLE|&#x1d9e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE ARM CIRCLE MEDIUM DOUBLE|&#x1d9e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE ARM CIRCLE HITTING WALL SMALL SINGLE|&#x1d9e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE ARM CIRCLE HITTING WALL MEDIUM SINGLE|&#x1d9e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE ARM CIRCLE HITTING WALL LARGE SINGLE|&#x1d9e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE ARM CIRCLE HITTING WALL SMALL DOUBLE|&#x1d9ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE ARM CIRCLE HITTING WALL MEDIUM DOUBLE|&#x1d9eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE ARM CIRCLE HITTING WALL LARGE DOUBLE|&#x1d9ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE WRIST CIRCLE FRONT SINGLE|&#x1d9ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE WRIST CIRCLE FRONT DOUBLE|&#x1d9ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE WRIST CIRCLE HITTING WALL SINGLE|&#x1d9ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1D9Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE WRIST CIRCLE HITTING WALL DOUBLE|&#x1d9f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE FINGER CIRCLES SINGLE|&#x1d9f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE FINGER CIRCLES DOUBLE|&#x1d9f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE FINGER CIRCLES HITTING WALL SINGLE|&#x1d9f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE FINGER CIRCLES HITTING WALL DOUBLE|&#x1d9f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING DYNAMIC ARROWHEAD SMALL|&#x1d9f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING DYNAMIC ARROWHEAD LARGE|&#x1d9f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING DYNAMIC FAST|&#x1d9f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING DYNAMIC SLOW|&#x1d9f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING DYNAMIC TENSE|&#x1d9f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING DYNAMIC RELAXED|&#x1d9fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING DYNAMIC SIMULTANEOUS|&#x1d9fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING DYNAMIC SIMULTANEOUS ALTERNATING|&#x1d9fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING DYNAMIC EVERY OTHER TIME|&#x1d9fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING DYNAMIC GRADUAL|&#x1d9fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HEAD|&#x1d9ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DA0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HEAD RIM|&#x1da00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HEAD MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE STRAIGHT|&#x1da01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HEAD MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE TILT|&#x1da02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HEAD MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE STRAIGHT|&#x1da03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HEAD MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE CURVE|&#x1da04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HEAD MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE CURVE|&#x1da05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HEAD MOVEMENT CIRCLE|&#x1da06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FACE DIRECTION POSITION NOSE FORWARD TILTING|&#x1da07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FACE DIRECTION POSITION NOSE UP OR DOWN|&#x1da08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FACE DIRECTION POSITION NOSE UP OR DOWN TILTING|&#x1da09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYEBROWS STRAIGHT UP|&#x1da0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYEBROWS STRAIGHT NEUTRAL|&#x1da0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYEBROWS STRAIGHT DOWN|&#x1da0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING DREAMY EYEBROWS NEUTRAL DOWN|&#x1da0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING DREAMY EYEBROWS DOWN NEUTRAL|&#x1da0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING DREAMY EYEBROWS UP NEUTRAL|&#x1da0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DA1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING DREAMY EYEBROWS NEUTRAL UP|&#x1da10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FOREHEAD NEUTRAL|&#x1da11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FOREHEAD CONTACT|&#x1da12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FOREHEAD WRINKLED|&#x1da13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYES OPEN|&#x1da14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYES SQUEEZED|&#x1da15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYES CLOSED|&#x1da16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYE BLINK SINGLE|&#x1da17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYE BLINK MULTIPLE|&#x1da18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYES HALF OPEN|&#x1da19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYES WIDE OPEN|&#x1da1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYES HALF CLOSED|&#x1da1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYES WIDENING MOVEMENT|&#x1da1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYE WINK|&#x1da1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYELASHES UP|&#x1da1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYELASHES DOWN|&#x1da1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DA2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYELASHES FLUTTERING|&#x1da20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYEGAZE-WALLPLANE STRAIGHT|&#x1da21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYEGAZE-WALLPLANE STRAIGHT DOUBLE|&#x1da22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYEGAZE-WALLPLANE STRAIGHT ALTERNATING|&#x1da23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYEGAZE-FLOORPLANE STRAIGHT|&#x1da24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYEGAZE-FLOORPLANE STRAIGHT DOUBLE|&#x1da25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYEGAZE-FLOORPLANE STRAIGHT ALTERNATING|&#x1da26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYEGAZE-WALLPLANE CURVED|&#x1da27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYEGAZE-FLOORPLANE CURVED|&#x1da28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EYEGAZE-WALLPLANE CIRCLING|&#x1da29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING CHEEKS PUFFED|&#x1da2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING CHEEKS NEUTRAL|&#x1da2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING CHEEKS SUCKED|&#x1da2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TENSE CHEEKS HIGH|&#x1da2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TENSE CHEEKS MIDDLE|&#x1da2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TENSE CHEEKS LOW|&#x1da2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DA3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EARS|&#x1da30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING NOSE NEUTRAL|&#x1da31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING NOSE CONTACT|&#x1da32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING NOSE WRINKLES|&#x1da33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING NOSE WIGGLES|&#x1da34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING AIR BLOWING OUT|&#x1da35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING AIR SUCKING IN|&#x1da36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING AIR BLOW SMALL ROTATIONS|&#x1da37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING AIR SUCK SMALL ROTATIONS|&#x1da38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING BREATH INHALE|&#x1da39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING BREATH EXHALE|&#x1da3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH CLOSED NEUTRAL|&#x1da3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH CLOSED FORWARD|&#x1da3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH CLOSED CONTACT|&#x1da3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH SMILE|&#x1da3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH SMILE WRINKLED|&#x1da3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DA4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH SMILE OPEN|&#x1da40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH FROWN|&#x1da41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH FROWN WRINKLED|&#x1da42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH FROWN OPEN|&#x1da43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH OPEN CIRCLE|&#x1da44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH OPEN FORWARD|&#x1da45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH OPEN WRINKLED|&#x1da46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH OPEN OVAL|&#x1da47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH OPEN OVAL WRINKLED|&#x1da48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH OPEN OVAL YAWN|&#x1da49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH OPEN RECTANGLE|&#x1da4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH OPEN RECTANGLE WRINKLED|&#x1da4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH OPEN RECTANGLE YAWN|&#x1da4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH KISS|&#x1da4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH KISS FORWARD|&#x1da4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH KISS WRINKLED|&#x1da4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DA5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH TENSE|&#x1da50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH TENSE FORWARD|&#x1da51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH TENSE SUCKED|&#x1da52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LIPS PRESSED TOGETHER|&#x1da53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LIP LOWER OVER UPPER|&#x1da54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LIP UPPER OVER LOWER|&#x1da55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH CORNERS|&#x1da56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH WRINKLES SINGLE|&#x1da57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOUTH WRINKLES DOUBLE|&#x1da58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TONGUE STICKING OUT FAR|&#x1da59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TONGUE LICKING LIPS|&#x1da5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TONGUE TIP BETWEEN LIPS|&#x1da5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TONGUE TIP TOUCHING INSIDE MOUTH|&#x1da5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TONGUE INSIDE MOUTH RELAXED|&#x1da5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TONGUE MOVES AGAINST CHEEK|&#x1da5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TONGUE CENTRE STICKING OUT|&#x1da5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DA6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TONGUE CENTRE INSIDE MOUTH|&#x1da60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TEETH|&#x1da61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TEETH MOVEMENT|&#x1da62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TEETH ON TONGUE|&#x1da63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TEETH ON TONGUE MOVEMENT|&#x1da64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TEETH ON LIPS|&#x1da65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TEETH ON LIPS MOVEMENT|&#x1da66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TEETH BITE LIPS|&#x1da67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-WALLPLANE JAW|&#x1da68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING MOVEMENT-FLOORPLANE JAW|&#x1da69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING NECK|&#x1da6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING HAIR|&#x1da6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING EXCITEMENT|&#x1da6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING SHOULDER HIP SPINE|&#x1da6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING SHOULDER HIP POSITIONS|&#x1da6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING WALLPLANE SHOULDER HIP MOVE|&#x1da6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DA7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FLOORPLANE SHOULDER HIP MOVE|&#x1da70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING SHOULDER TILTING FROM WAIST|&#x1da71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TORSO-WALLPLANE STRAIGHT STRETCH|&#x1da72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TORSO-WALLPLANE CURVED BEND|&#x1da73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING TORSO-FLOORPLANE TWISTING|&#x1da74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING UPPER BODY TILTING FROM HIP JOINTS|&#x1da75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LIMB COMBINATION|&#x1da76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LIMB LENGTH-1|&#x1da77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LIMB LENGTH-2|&#x1da78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LIMB LENGTH-3|&#x1da79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LIMB LENGTH-4|&#x1da7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LIMB LENGTH-5|&#x1da7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LIMB LENGTH-6|&#x1da7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LIMB LENGTH-7|&#x1da7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FINGER|&#x1da7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LOCATION-WALLPLANE SPACE|&#x1da7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DA8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LOCATION-FLOORPLANE SPACE|&#x1da80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LOCATION HEIGHT|&#x1da81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LOCATION WIDTH|&#x1da82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LOCATION DEPTH|&#x1da83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LOCATION HEAD NECK|&#x1da84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LOCATION TORSO|&#x1da85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING LOCATION LIMBS DIGITS|&#x1da86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING COMMA|&#x1da87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FULL STOP|&#x1da88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING SEMICOLON|&#x1da89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING COLON|&#x1da8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING PARENTHESIS|&#x1da8b;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DA9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FILL MODIFIER-2|[SW F2]}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FILL MODIFIER-3|[SW F3]}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FILL MODIFIER-4|[SW F4]}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FILL MODIFIER-5|[SW F5]}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING FILL MODIFIER-6|[SW F6]}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};font-size:75%" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};font-size:133%"|1DAAx |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION MODIFIER-2|[SW R2]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION MODIFIER-3|[SW R3]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION MODIFIER-4|[SW R4]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION MODIFIER-5|[SW R5]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION MODIFIER-6|[SW R6]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION MODIFIER-7|[SW R7]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION MODIFIER-8|[SW R8]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION MODIFIER-9|[SW R9]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION MODIFIER-10|[SW R10]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION MODIFIER-11|[SW R11]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION MODIFIER-12|[SW R12]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION MODIFIER-13|[SW R13]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION MODIFIER-14|[SW R14]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION MODIFIER-15|[SW R15]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIGNWRITING ROTATION MODIFIER-16|[SW R16]}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DABx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DACx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DADx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Jianzi Format Controls''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DAEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DAFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows Extended''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DB0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN EQUALS SIGN|&#x1db00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN EQUALS SIGN WITH DOUBLE VERTICALS|&#x1db01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN EQUALS SIGN WITH SMALL S|&#x1db02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN GREATER-THAN SIGN|&#x1db03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN LESS-THAN SIGN|&#x1db04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN GREATER-THAN WITH SMALL P|&#x1db05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN LESS-THAN WITH SMALL P|&#x1db06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN GREATER-LESS-THAN SIGN|&#x1db07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED SQUARE LEFT OPEN BOX OPERATOR|&#x1db08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED SQUARE RIGHT OPEN BOX OPERATOR|&#x1db09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO-LINE GREATER-THAN SIGN|&#x1db0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO-LINE LESS-THAN SIGN|&#x1db0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMMENSURABILITY|&#x1db0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCOMMENSURABILITY|&#x1db0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMMENSURABILITY IN SQUARE|&#x1db0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCOMMENSURABILITY IN SQUARE|&#x1db0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DB1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CARTESIAN EQUALS SIGN|&#x1db10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN CONGRUENCE SIGN|&#x1db11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN CONGRUENCE SIGN WITH VERTICAL BAR|&#x1db12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN CONGRUENCE SIGN-2|&#x1db13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN INVERTED CONGRUENCE SIGN-2|&#x1db14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN INVERTED CONGRUENCE SIGN-2 WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|&#x1db15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN INVERTED CONGRUENCE SIGN-2 WITH HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL BAR|&#x1db16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN COINCIDENCE SIGN|&#x1db17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LAZY S OVER LAZY S|&#x1db18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN SIMILARITY|&#x1db19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN SIMILARITY-2|&#x1db1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN DISSIMILARITY|&#x1db1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FACIT SYMBOL|&#x1db1c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DB2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DB3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DB4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DB5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DB6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DB7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DB8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DB9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DBAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DBBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DBCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DBDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DBEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DBFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Leibnizian Ambiguous Signs''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DC0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DC1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DC2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DC3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DC4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DC5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DC6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DC7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DC8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DC9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DCAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DCBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DCCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DCDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DCEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DCFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DD0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DD1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DD2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DD3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DD4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DD5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DD6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DD7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DD8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DD9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DDAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DDBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DDCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DDDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DDEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DDFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DE0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DE1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DE2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DE3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DE4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DE5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DE6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DE7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DE8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DE9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DEAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DEBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DECx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DEDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DEEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DEFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended-G''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DF0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER FENG DIGRAPH WITH TRILL|&#x1df00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED SCRIPT G|&#x1df01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL TURNED G|&#x1df02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED K|&#x1df03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L WITH BELT|&#x1df04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1df05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED Y WITH BELT|&#x1df06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED ENG|&#x1df07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH LONG LEG AND RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1df08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH HOOK AND RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1df09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1df0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH DOUBLE BAR|&#x1df0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH DOUBLE BAR AND CURL|&#x1df0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T WITH CURL|&#x1df0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP WITH CURL|&#x1df0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER STRETCHED C WITH CURL|&#x1df0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DF1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL TURNED K|&#x1df10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH FISHHOOK|&#x1df11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BELT AND PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH FISHHOOK AND PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1df19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH STROKE AND RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1df1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1df1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1df1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1df1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CURL|&#x1df1e;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D-ETH DIGRAPH|&#x1df1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DF2x |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D-LEZH DIGRAPH|&#x1df20;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D-LEZH DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1df21;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TL DIGRAPH WITH BELT|&#x1df22;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TL DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK AND BELT|&#x1df23;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T-THETA DIGRAPH|&#x1df24;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH MID-HEIGHT LEFT HOOK|&#x1df25;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MID-HEIGHT LEFT HOOK|&#x1df26;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH MID-HEIGHT LEFT HOOK|&#x1df27;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH MID-HEIGHT LEFT HOOK|&#x1df28;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH MID-HEIGHT LEFT HOOK|&#x1df29;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH MID-HEIGHT LEFT HOOK|&#x1df2a;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH WITH CURL|&#x1df2b;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH WITH CURL|&#x1df2c;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH HOOK AND PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df2d;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df2e;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DF3x |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df30;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GAMMA WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df31;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH STROKE AND PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df32;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER PHI WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df33;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df34;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df35;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df36;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH TAIL AND PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df37;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TS DIGRAPH WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df38;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH HOOK AND PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df39;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER PHARYNGEAL VOICED FRICATIVE WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df3a;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BETA WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df3b;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER THETA WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df3c;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CHI WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df3d;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED TURNED H|&#x1df3e;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED W|&#x1df3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DF4x |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER BARRED A|&#x1df40;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED A|&#x1df41;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED OPEN O|&#x1df42;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPTAL BARRED E|&#x1df43;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED OPEN E|&#x1df44;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH STROKE AND PALATAL HOOK|&#x1df45;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED H|&#x1df46;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED H WITH HOOK|&#x1df47;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER BARRED K|&#x1df48;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED K|&#x1df49;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER BARRED M|&#x1df4a;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED M|&#x1df4b;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED M WIH HOOK|&#x1df4c;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER BARRED N|&#x1df4d;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED N|&#x1df4e;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED ENG|&#x1df4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DF5x |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH STROKE|&#x1df50;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER BARRED V|&#x1df51;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED V|&#x1df52;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED CLOSED OMEGA|&#x1df53;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED CHI|&#x1df54;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH LOW STROKE|&#x1df55;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GLOTTAL STOP WITH DOUBLE STROKE|&#x1df56;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH MID-HEIGHT LEFT HOOK|&#x1df57;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SPLIT O|&#x1df58;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SPLIT U|&#x1df59;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER HALF A|&#x1df5a;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER STRETCHED C-H DIGRAPH|&#x1df5b;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LUNATE EE|&#x1df5c;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER IE|&#x1df5d;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OI DIGRAPH|&#x1df5e;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OU DIGRAPH|&#x1df5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DF6x |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH LOOP|&#x1df60;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH LEFT TIE|&#x1df61;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH-H DIGRAPH|&#x1df62;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER STRETCHED T-H DIGRAPH|&#x1df63;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED T-H DIGRAPH|&#x1df64;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W-H DIGRAPH|&#x1df65;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED Z|&#x1df66;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH WITH CURL|&#x1df67;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER PHONOTYPIC A WITH SWASH|&#x1df68;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER PHONOTYPIC A WITH SWASH|&#x1df69;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER PHONOTYPIC ROUNDTOP A|&#x1df6a;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER PHONOTYPIC ROUNDTOP A|&#x1df6b;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED SCRUPLE|&#x1df6c;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED SCRUPLE|&#x1df6d;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER PHONOTYPIC DIPHTHONG AI|&#x1df6e;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER PHONOTYPIC DIPHTHONG AI|&#x1df6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DF7x |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH PIGTAIL AT BOTTOM|&#x1df70;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER STRETCHED I|&#x1df71;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CURL|&#x1df72;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CURL|&#x1df73;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER CLOSED OMEGA WITH LONG STEM|&#x1df74;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OMEGA WITH LONG STEM|&#x1df75;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED CLOSED OMEGA|&#x1df76;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED CLOSED OMEGA|&#x1df77;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER PHONOTYPIC TH|&#x1df78;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER PHONOTYPIC TH|&#x1df79;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HOOK TAIL|&#x1df7a;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HOOK TAIL|&#x1df7b;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH NOTCH AT BOTTOM|&#x1df7c;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH NOTCH AT BOTTOM|&#x1df7d;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED U|&#x1df7e;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED U|&#x1df7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DF8x |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TOPBAR|&#x1df80;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH BENT TOPBAR|&#x1df81;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DF9x |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH SMALL SLASH|&#x1df90;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH DESCENDING LOOP|&#x1df91;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH RIGHT LOOP|&#x1df92;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D ROTUNDA WITH CROSSING LOOP|&#x1df93;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R ROTUNDA WITH LOOP|&#x1df94;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LIGATURE LONG S WITH DESCENDER S|&#x1df95;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S WITH TOP LOOP|&#x1df96;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DFAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DFBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DFCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R WITH MID-HEIGHT LEFT HOOK|&#x1dfcd;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL SPLIT O|&#x1dfce;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL SPLIT U|&#x1dfcf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DFDx |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER GAMMA|&#x1dfd0;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL P|&#x1dfd1;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL B WITH STROKE|&#x1dfd2;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL D WITH STROKE|&#x1dfd3;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL G WITH STROKE|&#x1dfd4;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L WITH STROKE|&#x1dfd5;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L WITH BAR|&#x1dfd6;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R WITH STROKE|&#x1dfd7;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL BARRED TURNED H|&#x1dfd8;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J WITH STROKE|&#x1dfd9;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL UPSILON WITH STROKE|&#x1dfda;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL BARRED W|&#x1dfdb;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL N WITH LONG RIGHT LEG|&#x1dfdc;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL R WITH LONG LEG|&#x1dfdd;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DB DIGRAPH|&#x1dfde;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL QP DIGRAPH|&#x1dfdf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DFEx |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DEZH DIGRAPH WITH CURL|&#x1dfe0;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DEZH DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1dfe1;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL ESH WITH CURL|&#x1dfe2;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL ESH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1dfe3;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TESH DIGRAPH WITH CURL|&#x1dfe4;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TESH DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1dfe5;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL EZH WITH CURL|&#x1dfe6;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL EZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1dfe7;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL D|&#x1dfe8;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL A|&#x1dfe9;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL E|&#x1dfea;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED R WITH FISHHOOK|&#x1dfeb;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL SQUAT REVERSED ESH|&#x1dfec;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED H WITH FISHHOOK|&#x1dfed;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED H WITH FISHHOOK AND TAIL|&#x1dfee;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL D WITH CURL|&#x1dfef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1DFFx |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L WITH CURL|&#x1dff0;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL N WITH CURL|&#x1dff1;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL T WITH CURL|&#x1dff2;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GREEK PSI |&#x1dff3;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GREEK OMEGA|&#x1dff4;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL D WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1dff5;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1dff6;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL N WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1dff7;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1dff8;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Z WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1dff9;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL C WITH HOOK|&#x1dffa;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL K WITH HOOK|&#x1dffb;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL P WITH HOOK|&#x1dffc;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Q WITH HOOK|&#x1dffd;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL T WITH HOOK|&#x1dffe;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL T WITH HOOK AND RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1dfff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} ig2nmg5bgp7p6fy2vn80tn8kzsgg141 10 90676 4680779 4626620 2026-11-07T21:01:54Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 clarify by adding definition at [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines]] 4680779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ombox | type = notice | image = [[File:Blue check.svg|30px|link=]] | imageright = {{{shortcutoverride|{{#if:{{{shortcut|{{{shortcut1|{{{sc1|{{{1|<noinclude>WB</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{Shortcut|{{{shortcut|{{{shortcut1|{{{sc1|{{{1|<noinclude>WB</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}} |{{{shortcut2|{{{sc2|{{{2|}}}}}}}}} |{{{shortcut3|{{{sc3|{{{3|}}}}}}}}} |{{{shortcut4|{{{sc4|{{{4|}}}}}}}}} |{{{shortcut5|{{{sc5|{{{5|}}}}}}}}} |msg={{{shortcutmsg|}}} <noinclude>|category=no</noinclude>}} }} }}} | text = <div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;">'''This page documents an official [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines|Wikibooks guideline]]''' that the Wikibooks community has accepted and Wikibookians '''should follow''' and only ignore in particular circumstances. Except for minor edits, please make use of the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]] to propose changes to this guideline.</div> }}<includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{example|no}}}|no|[[Category:Wikibooks guidelines|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> iz3fw4wniww7ggy6gu89wy44ypsjd2u 4680780 4680779 2026-11-07T21:03:36Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rephrase for concision and less ambiguity 4680780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ombox | type = notice | image = [[File:Blue check.svg|30px|link=]] | imageright = {{{shortcutoverride|{{#if:{{{shortcut|{{{shortcut1|{{{sc1|{{{1|<noinclude>WB</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{Shortcut|{{{shortcut|{{{shortcut1|{{{sc1|{{{1|<noinclude>WB</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}} |{{{shortcut2|{{{sc2|{{{2|}}}}}}}}} |{{{shortcut3|{{{sc3|{{{3|}}}}}}}}} |{{{shortcut4|{{{sc4|{{{4|}}}}}}}}} |{{{shortcut5|{{{sc5|{{{5|}}}}}}}}} |msg={{{shortcutmsg|}}} <noinclude>|category=no</noinclude>}} }} }}} | text = <div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;">'''This page documents an official [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines|Wikibooks guideline]]''' that the Wikibooks community has accepted and '''should follow''', ignoring only in particular circumstances. Except for minor edits, please make use of the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discussion page]] to propose changes to this guideline.</div> }}<includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{example|no}}}|no|[[Category:Wikibooks guidelines|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> sl8cg11jthw7lc8vqqpje5yrl8y9re6 14 96412 4680767 608101 2026-11-07T20:39:45Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 new key for [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines]]: "R" using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4680767 wikitext text/x-wiki This category contains rejected Wikipedia policies and guidelines. These were either rejected as proposals or once they were already established. Policies and guidelines that have been obsoleted by other policies or guidelines can be found in [[:Category:Wikibooks obsolete policies and guidelines]]. Rejected policies and guidelines are designated by placing {{tl|rejected}} at the top of the page with the rejected text. The template adds the page automatically to this category. [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines|R]] ir156nb45iwrp0ulokpd1q3osahfuv2 14 96414 4680778 1788079 2026-11-07T20:46:15Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 new key for [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines]]: "O" using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4680778 wikitext text/x-wiki This category contains policies and guidelines that have been superseeded by others. Obsolete policies and guidelines are designated by placing {{tlx|obsolete|<link to superseding policy>}} at the top of the page with the obsolete text. The template adds the page automatically to this category. [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines|O]] i21ua2vtjqwy5ejnvo92k0lo3c36rq6 4 97082 4680772 4389084 2026-11-07T20:42:18Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 added [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4680772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{guideline|WB:BOLD}} == Be bold... == Wikibookians are encouraged and empowered to '''be bold''' and to use their best judgment in making changes, adding and removing content, starting discussions when community input is needed or when decisions are not so cut and dry, and helping to make Wikibooks a better place. If you see factual errors in a book or module, an error in spelling, grammar, or formatting, please fix it! If you see ways to improve a book or module, do so! Permission to make improvements isn't required. == ...but please don't be reckless == Wikibooks is a place where anybody can edit, and if you think that you can help the project, you are more than welcome to try, but don't be reckless either. If you would like to make ''drastic changes'', sometimes it is better to start a discussion and reach [[Wikibooks: Decision making|community consensus]] beforehand. Even the best of intentions, however, may have unintended negative consequences. Be bold in making changes that need to be made, but also be bold in admitting your mistakes and cleaning up after yourself. == This guideline == Wikibookians do not ''need'' to be bold, but are encouraged to be bold, and should rest assured that bold actions made with good judgment will likely not be met with undue criticism. Other Wikibookians should [[WB:FAITH|assume good faith]] and avoid calling bold actions reckless, instead [[WB:CIVIL|calmly]] pointing out any mistakes that may have been made in the process. {{Wikibooks policies and guidelines}} [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]] [[fr:Wikilivres:N'hésitez pas !]] h9duriyju91sq2drzatqiriqhfpty0k 4 98965 4680776 4680308 2026-11-07T20:44:51Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 +[[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]]; +[[Category:Administrative policies and guidelines]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4680776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{guideline}} ==For beginning vandal fighters== ;Here's how it works :First, you spot some [[wb:vandalism|vandalism]], for example, someone replacing the entire page with profanity, or adding a page with useless or offensive content. So you revert the page to the last good version, or you mark the page as a [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|candidate for speedy deletion]]. Congratulations, you have just successfully dealt with vandalism! ===How to revert=== {{main|Help:Editing#Reverting}} ===How to get a page deleted=== Pages which are solely vandalism (and don't have a non-vandalism version to revert to) can be [[WB:SPEEDY|speedily deleted]]. Click the ''edit'' tab at the top of the page, and add {{tlx|delete|vandalism page}} at the top. Add "requesting speedy deletion" to the [[m:Edit Summary|edit summary]], and click save. Done! An administrator will come along and delete it shortly. ==For experienced vandal fighters== #Revert their vandalism. #Give them a warning on their talk page unless the vandalism is from an IP and over a few hours old. #*If there's a warning already there, check when it was placed. It's only relevant if it's recent (maybe 1 or 2 weeks). #*If they have a {{tlx|blocked}} template or a recent warning (and have vandalized since that warning), grab an admin at this point, since they're a persistent vandal in need of a block. #Otherwise, go to their [[Special:Contributions|contributions]] and look for other bad edits that haven't been reverted yet, and revert those. #Check if they've stopped since the warning. If they have, great. If not, [[#Reporting vandalism in progress|notify an admin]]. ===Finding vandalism=== If you're a dedicated vandal patroller, you can search for [[#Types of vandalism|vandalism]] in four ways: #Put many pages on your watchlist and review them periodically for vandalism. This is especially useful if you watchlist pages which are regular targets of vandalism. #Comb through [[Special:Recentchanges]] for vandalism. Often, anonymous users are the worst vandals; you can hide logged-in users to narrow down your search. [[Special:Contributions/newbies|New users']] contribs often contain edit tests, mistakes, and the like, which is not strictly vandalism but still needs to be dealt with. [[WB:BITE|Don't bite the newbies!]] #Join our counter-vandalism channel [irc://irc.freenode.net/cvn-wb-en #cvn-wb-en], where a bot filters all edits to Wikibooks, presenting you with only suspicious edits. #Go through the [[Special:AbuseLog|abuse filter log]], and find edits that were saved. ===Tools for vandalism patrol=== ====Rollback==== {{main|Help:Editing#Rollback}} Users who are vandal fighters can now gain access to the MediaWiki [[Help:Editing#Rollback|rollback]] function, previously reserved for [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] only. To do so, make your request in the appropriate section of [[WB:RFP]]. The tool is likely to be given to active vandal fighters. Rollback allows [[Special:ListUsers/sysop|administrators]] and users with the [[Special:ListUsers/patroller|patroller permission]] to quickly revert vandalism. The rollback tool will revert all edits by the same user, starting from the top revision. ====User Scripts==== There are also several scripts which make vandal patrol easier. These are available on the ''Gadgets'' tab of [[Special:Preferences]]. ;Revert using [[w:WP:TW|Twinkle]]:This allows all users to revert using the Twinkle script. This script does not work in Internet Explorer. ([[w:Wikipedia:WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/Twinkle/doc#Configuration|Configuration]] goes in your [[Special:MyPage/skin.js|skin]]) ;User Welcome Script:A script to semi-automagically {{tlx|welcome}} new users with no talk page, leave {{tlx|joinus}} for anons with no talk page, or warn any user with {{tlx|test}}. ;Modify rollback:After using rollback, this script automatically forwards you to the user's contributions page to look for other edits to revert. Be careful, since this means you won't see if there's an error message after clicking rollback. == Reporting vandalism in progress == In cases of repeated or particularly malicious vandalism, take note of that person's IP address or username and report them to the [[Special:ListUsers/sysop|administrators]]. Start a new section at [[WB:AA|Administrative Assistance]], adding the person's IP address or username and a few [[m:Help:Diff|examples]] of vandalistic edits; sign it with four [[w:tilde|tildes]] (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) to give the date and time, and hit save. In cases of vandalism ''in progress'', you may also want to report in [[irc:wikibooks|#wikibooks]]. Don't wait to see if anyone's around; don't ask if you can report some vandalism - ''just tell us''. If nobody seems to notice, say <code>!admin@enbooks</code> and try again. Please note that in emergency situations, we may already be dealing with the situation, and are simply too busy repairing the damage to respond. If no response is evident after a few attempts to get attention over the course of several minutes and there is massive, ongoing vandalism, you should report this to the stewards in [[irc:wikimedia-stewards|#wikimedia-stewards]] by saying !steward in that channel. Stewards are permitted to take emergency action to stop vandals on any wiki. === Blocking vandals === [[Wikibooks:Administrators|Administrators]] have the ability, and the authorization, to block the IPs of ''persistent'' vandals. These blocks should be the shortest effective length. If an ex-vandal evades an IP block by obtaining a new IP, and starts making genuine (non-vandalism) contributions to Wikibooks, then they will not be blocked or reverted simply because they used to be a vandal. We do not block vandals to punish them, but rather to preserve the integrity of Wikibooks. If an ex-vandal has reformed, then our aims are accomplished. == Types of vandalism == ;Blanking: Removing all or significant parts of pages (sometimes replacing the removed content with profanities) is a common vandal edit. However, significant content removals are usually ''not'' considered to be vandalism where the reason for the removal of the content is readily apparent by examination of the content itself, or where a non-frivolous explanation for the removal of apparently legitimate content is provided, linked to, or referenced in an edit summary. Due to the possibility of unexplained good-faith content removal, be cautious about treating anyone doing this like a vandal. ;Childish vandalism: Some vandals spread the textual equivalent of graffiti over pages. They're extremely easy to detect, and are generally reverted in less than a minute. ;Sneaky vandalism: Some vandals think they can outsmart contributors and add misinformation, change dates, or make other sensible-appearing substitutions and typos without anyone noticing, hiding vandalism, e.g., by making two bad edits and only reverting one, or reverting legitimate edits to hinder the improvement process. Can often be detected by looking at other edits by the same user, but be careful to avoid confusing sneaky vandalism with genuine corrections to a page. ;Attention-seeking vandalism: (a type of [[w:internet troll|internet troll]]). The opposite of ''sneaky vandalism'', they want attention, and will do anything to get it, they will write insults, use offensive usernames, replace pages with jokes etc. just to make ''you'' message them, and when you do that, they will find that an excuse to replace your user page with a story about your mother. So when you recognize this type of attack, try not to feed the troll by flaming him or her - just deal with it calmly and unemotionally - or leave it for someone else if it's making you too angry. {{anchor|Spam}} ;[[m:External links policy|Spam]]: Adding external links to a module or user page for promotional purposes is disruptive, and is considered to be spam. Although the specific links may be allowed under some circumstances, repeatedly adding links will in most cases result in all of them being removed. It is the behaviour in placing the links rather than the content of the site that may cause concerns. :Wikibooks is generally designed to not require excessive links to third-party websites, as the content is intended to be a permanent textbook reference. While some links may be necessary (such as where to obtain software required for the book), most of the links in question are not likely to add to a completed textbook. An alternative site for external links would be the [[w:Open Directory Project|Open Directory Project]], which serves as a directory of links to various websites. ;Link vandalism: Rewriting links within a page so that they appear the same, but point to something completely different or ridiculous (e.g., [[WB:SD|France]]). Redirecting pages to nonsense titles is also vandalism. ;Vandalbot (or spambot): A script or "robot" which creates nonsensical pages (like [[Wikibooks talk:Staff lounge/w/index.php/]]), adds external links, replaces page content, moves pages, or creates malicious usernames. Such attacks are rare, but administrator or [[m:CheckUser|CheckUser]] intervention is often required to stem the tide. ;Page move vandalism: Moving pages to offensive or nonsensical names. For example, ''Willy on Wheels'' and his many imitators will move a page to PAGENAME on Wheels ("Cookbook" becomes "Cookbook on Wheels"). Generally such attacks are severe; get help from administrators ASAP. ;Copyright vandalism: Knowingly using copyrighted material on Wikibooks in ways which violate [[Wikibooks:Copyright|Wikibooks's copyright policies]] is vandalism. Because users may be unaware that the information is copyrighted, or of Wikibooks policies on how such material may and may not be used, such action ''only'' becomes vandalism if it continues after the copyrighted nature of the material and relevant policy restricting its use have been communicated to the user. Repeatedly uploading images with no source and/or license information after notification that such information is required may also constitute vandalism. ;Bad-faith vandalism: Bad-faith placing or removing of [[Wikibooks:Templates/Deletion|deletion]] and [[Wikibooks:Templates/Maintenance|maintenance]] and other related tags on pages that do not meet such criteria, have not been settled or in order to conceal or avert deletion. Such templates are an important way for people to show that there are problems with a page. Do not remove them from a page unless you are sure that all stated reasons for the dispute are settled. As a general rule, do not remove other people's tags twice during a 24-hour period. Do not place tags improperly, as in when there is no dispute, and the reason for placing the tag is because a suggested edit has failed to meet consensus. Instead, follow the [[Wikibooks:Decision making#Community consensus|decision-making process]] and accept that some edits will not meet consensus. Please note that placing or removal of dispute tags does ''not'' count as simple vandalism and is often mistakenly done by new users who are unfamiliar with Wikibooks, and such users should be given the benefit of the doubt and pointed to the proper page to discuss the issue. ;Talk page vandalism: Deleting or altering the comments of other users from Talk pages other than your own comments is generally considered vandalism, unless it is your user talk pages, you are removing personal attacks or are archiving an overly long talk page to a separate page and then removing the text from the main Talk page, which is often considered legitimate. Adding comments to the talk page as if signed or written by someone else is also generally considered vandalism, however adding the proper signature to a comment that someone may have forgotten to include is not vandalism. ;Policy vandalism: Deleting or altering part of a Wikibooks policy or guideline with which the vandal disagrees, without any attempt to seek consensus or recognize an existing consensus. However, improving or clarifying policy wording in line with the clear existing consensus is not vandalism. ;Hidden vandalism: Any of the above in the form of hidden text not visible to the final rendering of the page but visible during editing. === Vandalism should not be confused with === Vandalism is vandalism: these things are not, though they are sometimes called vandalism. They are therefore treated differently: ;Newbie test: New users that discover the "Edit this page" button sometimes ''really'' want to know if they can edit any page, so they write something inside just to test it. This is not vandalism! On the contrary, these users should be warmly [[Template:welcome|greeted]], and given a reference to the [[Wikibooks:Sandbox]] where they can keep making their tests (oftentimes they will even revert their own changes). ;Extended newbie test: Some users (especially the young ones) want to check out if they can make a module look ''really'' stupid, or radically change it to become unreadable. They simply want to test the limits of the wiki, some of them will stop (at some point) when you revert their changes, and will feel embarrassed when you write them a message. ;Learning Wiki Markup: Some users require some time to learn the wiki-based markup, and will spend a little time experimenting with the different ways to make external links, internal links, and other special characters. Rather than condemning them as vandals, perhaps point them towards [[Help]] or [[Wikibooks:Sandbox]]. ;NPOV violations: The [[WB:NPOV|neutral point of view]] is a difficult policy for many of us to understand, and even Wikibooks veterans occasionally accidentally introduce material which is non-ideal from an NPOV perspective. See [[Wikibooks:NPOV dispute|NPOV dispute]]. Try to improve upon the edit rather than simply reverting it out-of-hand. ;Bold edits: Wikibookians often make sweeping changes to modules in order to improve them—most of us aim to [[Wikibooks:Be bold in updating pages|be bold]] when updating modules. While having large chunks of text you wrote removed, moved to talk, or substantially rewritten can sometimes feel like vandalism, it is the wiki way. ;Mistakes: Sometimes, users will insert content into a module that is not necessarily accurate, in the belief that it is. By doing so in good faith, they are trying to contribute to Wikibooks and improve it. If you believe that there is [[Wikibooks:Accuracy dispute|inaccurate information]] in a module, ensure that it is, and/or discuss it with the user who has submitted it. ;Unintentional Nonsense: While nonsense can be a form of vandalism, sometimes honest editors may not have expressed themselves correctly (there may be an error in the grammar, particularly for Wikibookians who use English as a second language, or mistakes using wiki markup). This is a type of mistake. Sometimes connection errors unintentionally produce the appearance of nonsense. In either case, [[Wikibooks:Assume good faith|assume good faith]] and help the user along. ;New Patrollers: While page blanking can be a form of vandalism, sometimes new users may try to revert vandalism by blanking the page or taking other steps which may seem questionable. Instead of labelling a potential patroller a vandal, try to fix his or her mistake and point the person to this page, so they may learn how to better combat vandalism. == Templates == :''Main page: [[Wikibooks:Templates/User notices]] & [[:Category:User warning templates]]'' {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="100%" ! What to type !! What it makes |- | {{tlxs|test|<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>|''Page (optional)''}} | {{test}} |- | {{tlxs|bv|<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>}} | {{bv}} |- | {{tlxs|blocked|1 week|<nowiki>sig=~~~~</nowiki>}} | {{blocked|1 week}} |} ==See also== *[[Help:Editing#Rollback]] *[[Using Wikibooks/Vandalism]] {{Wikibooks editor navigation}} [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]] [[Category:Administrative policies and guidelines]] [[es:Wikilibros:Vandalismo]] tlgiv2tl3ypdtx87x6tm050v2nsqepf 111 101864 4680682 3693456 2026-11-07T14:39:27Z ~2026-59407-58 3630713 /* The People Section */ Reply 4680682 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Explaination== This is going to be a long and hard book to write. At present there are 48 countries in Europe and maybe 49 at the end of the year if Kosovo is given independence. It may, at a later date, also be necessary to add semi-independent entities like Isle of Man, Gibraltar and Faroe Islands. Any help writing this Wikijunior book would be much appreciated. Help with images, flags and maps would be fantastic as I don't know where to find these kind of resources. If you've any questions or problems send me a message on my talk page. [[User:Xania|Xania]] 23:46, 27 November 2006 (UTC) ==Criticism== Excuse me for being a critic on semi-independent entities but I think they shouldn't be added on unless if it declares independence at a later date then adding the date to it. [[User:Rakuten06|Rakuten06]] 23:49, 27 November 2006 (UTC) I understand that. I'm not suggesting that they are listed as independent countries but as a sub list under the "mother country". There are no plans in Isle of Man or Gibraltar for independence votes and I don't intend to show them as being so. [[User:Xania|Xania]] 23:58, 27 November 2006 (UTC) ==Maps== How about posting a map in all of the countries's geography? It will be easier for the kids. [[User:Rakuten06|Rakuten06]] 00:02, 28 November 2006 (UTC) I plan to include maps of all countries and of Europe itself. Any help is appreciated. I've edited many hundreds of pages on Wikibooks but I don't have any experience with images or how to quote the source of images. [[User:Xania|Xania]] 00:04, 28 November 2006 (UTC) Maybe ask the staff for help or read the guidelines about the images... [[User:Rakuten06|Rakuten06]] 00:09, 28 November 2006 (UTC) *see [[#colored SVG-map of Europe]] --[[User:Mjchael|Mjchael]] ([[User talk:Mjchael|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mjchael|contribs]]) 12:21, 21 May 2011 (UTC) == Picture == I can't find a picture-link on the main page. They have links like that to other things but not us. Huh? [[User:Laleena|Laleena]] ([[User talk:Laleena|talk]]) 22:11, 20 December 2007 (UTC) The logo picture for Europe is too dark, barely recognizeable. --[[Special:Contributions/80.98.75.217|80.98.75.217]] ([[User talk:80.98.75.217|talk]]) 11:59, 29 December 2007 (UTC) Firstly there's no link from the main Wikijunior page because this book wasn't sanctioned by Wikijunior. Wikijunior "policy" states that new books must be voted for but I sidestepped this and created the book anyway last year. Books created without a book are hidden away in the 'also under development' section. As for the logo I agree. There are many Europe pictures available but I wanted one which shows 'all' of geographical Europe including places like Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Kazakhstan which are often not included in the maps (as they are often considered Asian). [[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 19:32, 30 December 2007 (UTC) == The People Section == I'm interested in contributing to this book but I can see a potential problem. I think that it might be helpful to define what you're looking for in the "What are the people like" section a little bit better. I noticed while proof-reading the languages book that there is significant variation between sections on how much information people decided to include. Maybe we could think of some topics to try to stick to for each section. For example, how about: *what holidays are important? *what do they eat *what languages do the people speak *what religions are predominant. The topics don't have to be separated into their own subsections. I'm just thinking that it would be helpful for all the authors to be roughly on the same page.I know that this could increase the scope of the book significantly but it could make it much more useful.[[User:Rmawhorter|Rmawhorter]] ([[User talk:Rmawhorter|talk]]) 23:56, 27 January 2008 (UTC) :That's a good idea and a good framework for editors to use. I'd add nationalities to the list also. --[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 03:46, 9 March 2008 (UTC) :: I should also add that one reason for the variation of how much information has been added is because much of this book has been edited by myself and therefore I have typed more for the countries I have visited (only about 25 of them) and lived in (5 of them). --[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 21:37, 31 March 2008 (UTC) ::☺️lol aka. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-59407-58|~2026-59407-58]] ([[User talk:~2026-59407-58|talk]]) 14:39, 7 November 2026 (UTC) == Kosovo == I think it's best that this region isn't covered at this time. Only a few countries have recognized its independence and it isn't a UN member and its independence hasn't even been authorised by the country it is trying to seceed from. --[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 03:50, 9 March 2008 (UTC) == A few more ideas for country pages == It's nice that some of the country pages are being edited and have some information. I hope to do quite a bit on this book over the next few weeks. All country pages should have a photo or two to brighten the page up. I've also started adding progress indicators to the main page so people can see how much is complete and so we don't have lists of 'developing' 'stubs', etc. which would separate the order which is presently in alphabetical order. I've also added a new heading to a few of the country pages (so far only Italy and Serbia) called "Sights of x" which will focus on popular cities, tourist attractions and places. --[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 23:21, 3 April 2008 (UTC) == Multi lingual versions of Wikijunior Europe == A version of Wikijunior Europe has recently been created on the German and Romanian Wikibooks. You can find the links on the 'in other languages' links on your left when you view the Wikijunior Europe book. The German and Romanian books are less developed but hopefully they'll be expanded soon. --[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 21:19, 18 May 2008 (UTC) == Development stubs == I really need a guideline for how much information people are expecting to put into each country so that I can update the development stages. If one of the original authors could look through the pages and update the development stages then i would appreciate it. --[[User:Xxagile|Xxagile]] ([[User talk:Xxagile|talk]]) 03:20, 29 July 2008 (UTC) :There's no specific guideline but all books should include a brief outline of the country (capital, neighbours, currency, EU membership, etc.), a map showing its location within Europe, the national flag, a link near the bottom to the Wikipedia article, links to Wikijunior pages about the national language(s), a photo or two showing somewhere in the country and the following sections: 1. History - (general outline with key events and links to Wikipedia articles on a few of the events) 2. Geography - (outline of country as a whole, mountains, lakes, forests) 3. People - (nationality/ethnicities, languages, traditions, minorities) 4. Sights - (World Heritage Sites, tourist attractions) Most pages have about the right level. Some country pages need the language toning down a little to suit juniors and some history sections are too detailed. One thing that every country page must have is one or two beautiful photos.--[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 00:50, 27 November 2008 (UTC) == Reading level == *Grade Level --Use tools in WORD or at http://www.usingenglish.com/resources/text_statistics.php The fog index = the reading level. If you could post the reading level on the discussion pages of the country's it would be a huge help. --[[User:Xxagile|Xxagile]] ([[User talk:Xxagile|talk]]) 21:39, 1 August 2008 (UTC) : The link you provided (over 4 months ago) doesn't seem to work. As a teacher of English, I'd be happy to rate the country pages of the book according to reading level if I can see the guidelines.--[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 00:42, 27 November 2008 (UTC) ::http://juicystudio.com/services/readability.php#readingresults This link has a readability test with a way to compare and determine the results for the project. I think that the fog index we should try to reach should be at or under a 6, but I would like your imput because you are an english teacher.Here are others if the first link should not work http://www.online-utility.org/english/readability_test_and_improve.jsp http://www.editcentral.com/gwt/com.editcentral.EC/EC.html--[[User:Xxagile|Xxagile]] ([[User talk:Xxagile|talk]]) 22:29, 30 November 2008 (UTC) ::: I haven't succeeded in getting the URL to work on that site to check readability. However I can say for sure that it isn't a reading age of 6 years old. I'd estimate the appropriate age at about 12 years old - there's far too much detail for younger readers and far too much focus on history and politics. In addition the language (language I've used) is more suitable for students finishing primary/elementary school and going on to secondary/junior high or media schools.--[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 23:24, 5 November 2009 (UTC) == colored SVG-map of Europe == [[file:Blank map europe coloured.svg|thumb|Is this image helpful for your project?]] I've seen that you have already discussed about [[#Maps|maps]]. For the german version [[:de:Wikijunior Europa]] I colored [[:file:Blank map europe.svg]] into [[:file:Blank map europe coloured.svg]]. Maybe you'll find it helpfully. By the way: the German user [[:de:Benutzer:Juetho|Juetho (alias Jürgen)]] has the German translation of your book with a vengeance revised and updated. It was awarded "Book of the Month May 2011". Possibly you'll find some inspirations for your book. Greeting from Germany --[[User:Mjchael|Mjchael]] ([[User talk:Mjchael|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mjchael|contribs]]) 12:07, 21 May 2011 (UTC) : I like this map however for it to be useful for our version it would ne modified so it includes Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan as being part of Europe.--[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 21:27, 12 March 2013 (UTC) == Former European Countries == The [[:de:Wikijunior Europa|German book]] has chapters about USSR, GDR, and Yugoslavia. Usually, we translate Wikijunior from English to German; in this case you could translate from German to English. [[File:Smile.svg|18px]] -- [[:de:User:Juetho|User:Juetho]] 07:58, 12 September 2011 (UTC) :I added new pages for GDR, USSR and Yugoslavia a few weeks ago but haven't done anything with the pages yet. Got the idea from German Wikijunior Europa book so thanks. --[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 22:52, 15 September 2011 (UTC) == Finishing this book == {{TODO|FINISH WIKIJUNIOR EUROPE!!!}} I'd like to finish this book eventually and as only a few other people edit from time to time these notes are mostly for me. Ultimately I'd love to see this become a featured book and so there are some things that need doing: # Finish all country entries # Ensure each country page contains at least 2 big images, a map and a flag # Ensure that links are provided to other Wikijunior projects (for Languages, Religions and World Heritage Sites) # Ensure that there is a template linking to Wikipedia on each country page as well as a few other Wikipedia links (capital city, highest mountain, currency) # Re-read all text to make sure that the book is suitable for its target audience (older kids, 11-12 years old would be best) # [[Wikibooks:Good books]] mentions that good books and therefore featured books should ideally have '''sufficient page navigational aids''' which I guess suggests templates although I don't really think they're needed. --[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 23:37, 23 December 2012 (UTC) == Book complete == In many ways the Wikijunior Europe book is complete. Navigation templates have been added to all pages and images are present ar=nd there are no empty sections. The only remaining content pages are those on Kosovo, USSR, DDR and Yugoslavia. Other things that may be a good idea in future include: # More image galleries as seen on the front page and the People page # A Sports page (ala the People, Language, etc. pages) # A good map for the front page - but it must be one which shows ALL of Europe including places such as Georgia, Cyprus and Kazakhstan which are sometimes excluded from some European maps. # Something about food may be a good idea for the individual pages (with links to the appropriate Cookbook article). # Other ideas welcome ... --[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 22:30, 30 April 2014 (UTC) :::This is amazing, nice job with the work. --[[User:Goldenburg111|goldenburg111]] ([[User talk:Goldenburg111|talk]]) 22:31, 30 April 2014 (UTC) == Denmark in the time of princess Isabella == i think that Denmark is better now then it was before the birth of princess Isabella i knew that Denmark's two greatest times were 1972 when they voted to enter the European Union and in 1992 winning the Euro Championship but now they have a young princess that the nation can look up to for whatever the nation needs t1ow05x9m697jvf0t2vxz57whyr7lbi 4680683 4680682 2026-11-07T14:39:45Z Pristome 3519119 Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/~2026-59407-58|~2026-59407-58]] ([[User talk:~2026-59407-58|talk]]) to last version by Cat 6000: reverting vandalism 4680683 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Explaination== This is going to be a long and hard book to write. At present there are 48 countries in Europe and maybe 49 at the end of the year if Kosovo is given independence. It may, at a later date, also be necessary to add semi-independent entities like Isle of Man, Gibraltar and Faroe Islands. Any help writing this Wikijunior book would be much appreciated. Help with images, flags and maps would be fantastic as I don't know where to find these kind of resources. If you've any questions or problems send me a message on my talk page. [[User:Xania|Xania]] 23:46, 27 November 2006 (UTC) ==Criticism== Excuse me for being a critic on semi-independent entities but I think they shouldn't be added on unless if it declares independence at a later date then adding the date to it. [[User:Rakuten06|Rakuten06]] 23:49, 27 November 2006 (UTC) I understand that. I'm not suggesting that they are listed as independent countries but as a sub list under the "mother country". There are no plans in Isle of Man or Gibraltar for independence votes and I don't intend to show them as being so. [[User:Xania|Xania]] 23:58, 27 November 2006 (UTC) ==Maps== How about posting a map in all of the countries's geography? It will be easier for the kids. [[User:Rakuten06|Rakuten06]] 00:02, 28 November 2006 (UTC) I plan to include maps of all countries and of Europe itself. Any help is appreciated. I've edited many hundreds of pages on Wikibooks but I don't have any experience with images or how to quote the source of images. [[User:Xania|Xania]] 00:04, 28 November 2006 (UTC) Maybe ask the staff for help or read the guidelines about the images... [[User:Rakuten06|Rakuten06]] 00:09, 28 November 2006 (UTC) *see [[#colored SVG-map of Europe]] --[[User:Mjchael|Mjchael]] ([[User talk:Mjchael|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mjchael|contribs]]) 12:21, 21 May 2011 (UTC) == Picture == I can't find a picture-link on the main page. They have links like that to other things but not us. Huh? [[User:Laleena|Laleena]] ([[User talk:Laleena|talk]]) 22:11, 20 December 2007 (UTC) The logo picture for Europe is too dark, barely recognizeable. --[[Special:Contributions/80.98.75.217|80.98.75.217]] ([[User talk:80.98.75.217|talk]]) 11:59, 29 December 2007 (UTC) Firstly there's no link from the main Wikijunior page because this book wasn't sanctioned by Wikijunior. Wikijunior "policy" states that new books must be voted for but I sidestepped this and created the book anyway last year. Books created without a book are hidden away in the 'also under development' section. As for the logo I agree. There are many Europe pictures available but I wanted one which shows 'all' of geographical Europe including places like Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Kazakhstan which are often not included in the maps (as they are often considered Asian). [[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 19:32, 30 December 2007 (UTC) == The People Section == I'm interested in contributing to this book but I can see a potential problem. I think that it might be helpful to define what you're looking for in the "What are the people like" section a little bit better. I noticed while proof-reading the languages book that there is significant variation between sections on how much information people decided to include. Maybe we could think of some topics to try to stick to for each section. For example, how about: *what holidays are important? *what do they eat *what languages do the people speak *what religions are predominant. The topics don't have to be separated into their own subsections. I'm just thinking that it would be helpful for all the authors to be roughly on the same page.I know that this could increase the scope of the book significantly but it could make it much more useful.[[User:Rmawhorter|Rmawhorter]] ([[User talk:Rmawhorter|talk]]) 23:56, 27 January 2008 (UTC) :That's a good idea and a good framework for editors to use. I'd add nationalities to the list also. --[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 03:46, 9 March 2008 (UTC) :: I should also add that one reason for the variation of how much information has been added is because much of this book has been edited by myself and therefore I have typed more for the countries I have visited (only about 25 of them) and lived in (5 of them). --[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 21:37, 31 March 2008 (UTC) == Kosovo == I think it's best that this region isn't covered at this time. Only a few countries have recognized its independence and it isn't a UN member and its independence hasn't even been authorised by the country it is trying to seceed from. --[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 03:50, 9 March 2008 (UTC) == A few more ideas for country pages == It's nice that some of the country pages are being edited and have some information. I hope to do quite a bit on this book over the next few weeks. All country pages should have a photo or two to brighten the page up. I've also started adding progress indicators to the main page so people can see how much is complete and so we don't have lists of 'developing' 'stubs', etc. which would separate the order which is presently in alphabetical order. I've also added a new heading to a few of the country pages (so far only Italy and Serbia) called "Sights of x" which will focus on popular cities, tourist attractions and places. --[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 23:21, 3 April 2008 (UTC) == Multi lingual versions of Wikijunior Europe == A version of Wikijunior Europe has recently been created on the German and Romanian Wikibooks. You can find the links on the 'in other languages' links on your left when you view the Wikijunior Europe book. The German and Romanian books are less developed but hopefully they'll be expanded soon. --[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 21:19, 18 May 2008 (UTC) == Development stubs == I really need a guideline for how much information people are expecting to put into each country so that I can update the development stages. If one of the original authors could look through the pages and update the development stages then i would appreciate it. --[[User:Xxagile|Xxagile]] ([[User talk:Xxagile|talk]]) 03:20, 29 July 2008 (UTC) :There's no specific guideline but all books should include a brief outline of the country (capital, neighbours, currency, EU membership, etc.), a map showing its location within Europe, the national flag, a link near the bottom to the Wikipedia article, links to Wikijunior pages about the national language(s), a photo or two showing somewhere in the country and the following sections: 1. History - (general outline with key events and links to Wikipedia articles on a few of the events) 2. Geography - (outline of country as a whole, mountains, lakes, forests) 3. People - (nationality/ethnicities, languages, traditions, minorities) 4. Sights - (World Heritage Sites, tourist attractions) Most pages have about the right level. Some country pages need the language toning down a little to suit juniors and some history sections are too detailed. One thing that every country page must have is one or two beautiful photos.--[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 00:50, 27 November 2008 (UTC) == Reading level == *Grade Level --Use tools in WORD or at http://www.usingenglish.com/resources/text_statistics.php The fog index = the reading level. If you could post the reading level on the discussion pages of the country's it would be a huge help. --[[User:Xxagile|Xxagile]] ([[User talk:Xxagile|talk]]) 21:39, 1 August 2008 (UTC) : The link you provided (over 4 months ago) doesn't seem to work. As a teacher of English, I'd be happy to rate the country pages of the book according to reading level if I can see the guidelines.--[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 00:42, 27 November 2008 (UTC) ::http://juicystudio.com/services/readability.php#readingresults This link has a readability test with a way to compare and determine the results for the project. I think that the fog index we should try to reach should be at or under a 6, but I would like your imput because you are an english teacher.Here are others if the first link should not work http://www.online-utility.org/english/readability_test_and_improve.jsp http://www.editcentral.com/gwt/com.editcentral.EC/EC.html--[[User:Xxagile|Xxagile]] ([[User talk:Xxagile|talk]]) 22:29, 30 November 2008 (UTC) ::: I haven't succeeded in getting the URL to work on that site to check readability. However I can say for sure that it isn't a reading age of 6 years old. I'd estimate the appropriate age at about 12 years old - there's far too much detail for younger readers and far too much focus on history and politics. In addition the language (language I've used) is more suitable for students finishing primary/elementary school and going on to secondary/junior high or media schools.--[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 23:24, 5 November 2009 (UTC) == colored SVG-map of Europe == [[file:Blank map europe coloured.svg|thumb|Is this image helpful for your project?]] I've seen that you have already discussed about [[#Maps|maps]]. For the german version [[:de:Wikijunior Europa]] I colored [[:file:Blank map europe.svg]] into [[:file:Blank map europe coloured.svg]]. Maybe you'll find it helpfully. By the way: the German user [[:de:Benutzer:Juetho|Juetho (alias Jürgen)]] has the German translation of your book with a vengeance revised and updated. It was awarded "Book of the Month May 2011". Possibly you'll find some inspirations for your book. Greeting from Germany --[[User:Mjchael|Mjchael]] ([[User talk:Mjchael|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mjchael|contribs]]) 12:07, 21 May 2011 (UTC) : I like this map however for it to be useful for our version it would ne modified so it includes Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan as being part of Europe.--[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 21:27, 12 March 2013 (UTC) == Former European Countries == The [[:de:Wikijunior Europa|German book]] has chapters about USSR, GDR, and Yugoslavia. Usually, we translate Wikijunior from English to German; in this case you could translate from German to English. [[File:Smile.svg|18px]] -- [[:de:User:Juetho|User:Juetho]] 07:58, 12 September 2011 (UTC) :I added new pages for GDR, USSR and Yugoslavia a few weeks ago but haven't done anything with the pages yet. Got the idea from German Wikijunior Europa book so thanks. --[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 22:52, 15 September 2011 (UTC) == Finishing this book == {{TODO|FINISH WIKIJUNIOR EUROPE!!!}} I'd like to finish this book eventually and as only a few other people edit from time to time these notes are mostly for me. Ultimately I'd love to see this become a featured book and so there are some things that need doing: # Finish all country entries # Ensure each country page contains at least 2 big images, a map and a flag # Ensure that links are provided to other Wikijunior projects (for Languages, Religions and World Heritage Sites) # Ensure that there is a template linking to Wikipedia on each country page as well as a few other Wikipedia links (capital city, highest mountain, currency) # Re-read all text to make sure that the book is suitable for its target audience (older kids, 11-12 years old would be best) # [[Wikibooks:Good books]] mentions that good books and therefore featured books should ideally have '''sufficient page navigational aids''' which I guess suggests templates although I don't really think they're needed. --[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 23:37, 23 December 2012 (UTC) == Book complete == In many ways the Wikijunior Europe book is complete. Navigation templates have been added to all pages and images are present ar=nd there are no empty sections. The only remaining content pages are those on Kosovo, USSR, DDR and Yugoslavia. Other things that may be a good idea in future include: # More image galleries as seen on the front page and the People page # A Sports page (ala the People, Language, etc. pages) # A good map for the front page - but it must be one which shows ALL of Europe including places such as Georgia, Cyprus and Kazakhstan which are sometimes excluded from some European maps. # Something about food may be a good idea for the individual pages (with links to the appropriate Cookbook article). # Other ideas welcome ... --[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 22:30, 30 April 2014 (UTC) :::This is amazing, nice job with the work. --[[User:Goldenburg111|goldenburg111]] ([[User talk:Goldenburg111|talk]]) 22:31, 30 April 2014 (UTC) == Denmark in the time of princess Isabella == i think that Denmark is better now then it was before the birth of princess Isabella i knew that Denmark's two greatest times were 1972 when they voted to enter the European Union and in 1992 winning the Euro Championship but now they have a young princess that the nation can look up to for whatever the nation needs scza76lpo9m0nyh31be9rp2iulnbbiv 4 104424 4680774 4389099 2026-11-07T20:43:56Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 added [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4680774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{guideline|WB:DM}} {{branch unstable}} :''Previous versions of this guideline, and discussion thereof can be found at [[Wikibooks:General voting rules/Proposal]].'' Decisions on Wikibooks are decided by the community in a variety of ways. The most important tools that Wikibookians have to make decisions are '''compromise''' and '''consensus'''. Issues at Wikibooks can be divided into two different categories, depending on the extent to which they affect the Wikibooks community over time. The decisions that have a large, long-term effect on Wikibooks are called high impact decisions. Otherwise they are low impact decisions. == Be Bold == Not all actions need to go through the decision making process. As indicated by the [[Wikibooks:Be bold|Wikibooks:Be bold]] guideline, in a situation where objections are not expected, Wikibookians are encouraged to '''be bold''' in making changes that will benefit the project and the community. == Low impact decisions == '''Low impact decisions''' involve proposals that express the community's preferences and feelings about issues that fall well below the level of policies and guidelines, and do not affect the long term culture or structure of Wikibooks. For these sorts of decisions, Wikibookians are welcome to employ multiple means for decision-making, including consensus, majority votes or 3rd party arbitration. The manner in which a dispute will be settled should be agreed upon before any particular method is employed. Examples of low impact decisions are: #Determining [[WB:FB|Featured books]] #Creating or altering the content, structure or scope of a particular book Some low impact situations, such as nominating [[WB:FB|featured books]] already have their own rules that should be followed. Should a decision need to be made that affects a single module, book or project it will usually use the rules for high impact decisions except where all parties agree to use another basis. == High impact decisions == '''High impact decisions''' involve the adoption, major adaptation or repeal of policies and guidelines that have a long term effect on the culture and structure of Wikibooks. These decisions should always be made through the process of building a community consensus. Such decisions include: #Making a Wikibookian an [[WB:RFA|administrator]] #Making a Wikibookian a [[WB:RFA|bureaucrat]] #Giving a Wikibookian [[WB:RFA|checkuser rights]] #Creating or modifying Wikibooks [[WB:PAG|Policies and operational guidelines]] #Establishing the voting rules for low impact decisions #Determining whether a page containing substantive content that is not unambiguously outside our inclusion criteria should be [[WB:VFD|deleted]] == Terminology == We will use the term ''proposal'' here to mean the change that is being discussed by the community. We will use the term ''discussion'' to mean the process of Wikibookians voicing their opinions and working towards compromise. Wikibookians do not "vote" on anything, but we discuss points, compromise, and try to reach consensus. == Who is eligible to discuss == Any Wikibookian may discuss any issue, and voice their opinions. Each person is allowed one voice, not one voice per username. Wikibookians with multiple accounts should not post opinions from more than one account. Remember: comments are judged on their quality, not on their quantity. Comments that are suspected of being cast in bad faith can be discarded. Comments made anonymously may also be disregarded or discarded. == How is a discussion run == The proposal and each comment in a discussion is signed (using four tildes: <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>), to identify the writer. Discussions continue long enough to give interested Wikibookians a reasonable chance to participate. High-impact proposal discussions continue as long as there is progress towards a consensus and they must be publicized in [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General]] or other high-traffic areas, even announced on the [[Wikibooks:Bulletin board|bulletin board]]. == Community consensus == '''Community consensus''' is a general agreement by most interested participants that attempts to resolve or mitigate minority objections, [[Wikibooks:Decision making#Example process|the process for arriving at an agreement]], and both the preceding and concluding state before and after the process. All consensus decision making processes rely upon users acting in good faith to come to an acceptable decision through negotiation and compromise. Ultimately the state of "community consensus" may involve the vast majority of users agreeing on some decision. However Wikibooks is not a democracy, and a simple voter majority is not the default, nor the recommended method of deciding the outcome of any discussion. === Example process === This is a step-by-step process for outlining a community discussion, and working towards consensus. It serves to illustration how people can work together towards a common goal through negotiation and compromise, and resolve or mitigate minority objections. Other guidelines and policies may define specific requirements for specific types of decisions. # A proposal is made in the most relevant or previously selected location for that decision. If not a high traffic location, an announcement is made in a high traffic location to assure interested Wikibookians are made aware of it. # Any concerns are discussed and proposed compromises addressed. The proposal may be modified during this time. # A call for consensus is made. A [[w:Straw poll|straw poll]] may be used to determine the degree of consensus. # If there are no unresolved objections, "community consensus" is reached and the proposal is accepted. # If there are unresolved objections: #* The proposal may be dropped with "no community consensus" reached. #* The proposal may be modified to address objections and resubmitted for discussion. #* The proposal may have all objected to parts removed, and "community consensus" is reached. #* A call to determine any consensus may be made. However this should not be done lightly, and should only occur after substantial [[Wikibooks:Assume good faith|good faith]] discussion of both the proposal and objections. The community may at this point: #** Not accept the proposal as "community consensus" has not been reached. The proposal may be modified and the process repeated, if necessary. #** Accept a modified proposal with some or all objected to parts removed, and "community consensus" is reached. #** Accept the proposal in spite of objections, and "community consensus" is reached. === User responses === Users who disagree with a community decision, have the option to: # Propose alternatives. Previous discussion(s) should be presented and considered. A good reason to readdress the issue must also be explained. However this should never be done soon after a decision is made, if a different outcome is unlikely. # Accept the community's decision. # Ultimately, users unable to abide by the decision may need to reconsider their future participation in the project. == Following this Guideline == Wikibookians are encouraged to '''[[WB:BOLD|be bold]]''' when making changes, and they are encouraged to compromise and work as a community to solve problems. There is no single "right way" to achieve community consensus, and the steps outlined above only give a rough example of one version of that process. {{Wikibooks policies and guidelines}} [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]] 3idtrr7z25sksu28xs3fo25u0ntzuxo 4680775 4680774 2026-11-07T20:44:20Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 added [[Category:Administrative policies and guidelines]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4680775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{guideline|WB:DM}} {{branch unstable}} :''Previous versions of this guideline, and discussion thereof can be found at [[Wikibooks:General voting rules/Proposal]].'' Decisions on Wikibooks are decided by the community in a variety of ways. The most important tools that Wikibookians have to make decisions are '''compromise''' and '''consensus'''. Issues at Wikibooks can be divided into two different categories, depending on the extent to which they affect the Wikibooks community over time. The decisions that have a large, long-term effect on Wikibooks are called high impact decisions. Otherwise they are low impact decisions. == Be Bold == Not all actions need to go through the decision making process. As indicated by the [[Wikibooks:Be bold|Wikibooks:Be bold]] guideline, in a situation where objections are not expected, Wikibookians are encouraged to '''be bold''' in making changes that will benefit the project and the community. == Low impact decisions == '''Low impact decisions''' involve proposals that express the community's preferences and feelings about issues that fall well below the level of policies and guidelines, and do not affect the long term culture or structure of Wikibooks. For these sorts of decisions, Wikibookians are welcome to employ multiple means for decision-making, including consensus, majority votes or 3rd party arbitration. The manner in which a dispute will be settled should be agreed upon before any particular method is employed. Examples of low impact decisions are: #Determining [[WB:FB|Featured books]] #Creating or altering the content, structure or scope of a particular book Some low impact situations, such as nominating [[WB:FB|featured books]] already have their own rules that should be followed. Should a decision need to be made that affects a single module, book or project it will usually use the rules for high impact decisions except where all parties agree to use another basis. == High impact decisions == '''High impact decisions''' involve the adoption, major adaptation or repeal of policies and guidelines that have a long term effect on the culture and structure of Wikibooks. These decisions should always be made through the process of building a community consensus. Such decisions include: #Making a Wikibookian an [[WB:RFA|administrator]] #Making a Wikibookian a [[WB:RFA|bureaucrat]] #Giving a Wikibookian [[WB:RFA|checkuser rights]] #Creating or modifying Wikibooks [[WB:PAG|Policies and operational guidelines]] #Establishing the voting rules for low impact decisions #Determining whether a page containing substantive content that is not unambiguously outside our inclusion criteria should be [[WB:VFD|deleted]] == Terminology == We will use the term ''proposal'' here to mean the change that is being discussed by the community. We will use the term ''discussion'' to mean the process of Wikibookians voicing their opinions and working towards compromise. Wikibookians do not "vote" on anything, but we discuss points, compromise, and try to reach consensus. == Who is eligible to discuss == Any Wikibookian may discuss any issue, and voice their opinions. Each person is allowed one voice, not one voice per username. Wikibookians with multiple accounts should not post opinions from more than one account. Remember: comments are judged on their quality, not on their quantity. Comments that are suspected of being cast in bad faith can be discarded. Comments made anonymously may also be disregarded or discarded. == How is a discussion run == The proposal and each comment in a discussion is signed (using four tildes: <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>), to identify the writer. Discussions continue long enough to give interested Wikibookians a reasonable chance to participate. High-impact proposal discussions continue as long as there is progress towards a consensus and they must be publicized in [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General]] or other high-traffic areas, even announced on the [[Wikibooks:Bulletin board|bulletin board]]. == Community consensus == '''Community consensus''' is a general agreement by most interested participants that attempts to resolve or mitigate minority objections, [[Wikibooks:Decision making#Example process|the process for arriving at an agreement]], and both the preceding and concluding state before and after the process. All consensus decision making processes rely upon users acting in good faith to come to an acceptable decision through negotiation and compromise. Ultimately the state of "community consensus" may involve the vast majority of users agreeing on some decision. However Wikibooks is not a democracy, and a simple voter majority is not the default, nor the recommended method of deciding the outcome of any discussion. === Example process === This is a step-by-step process for outlining a community discussion, and working towards consensus. It serves to illustration how people can work together towards a common goal through negotiation and compromise, and resolve or mitigate minority objections. Other guidelines and policies may define specific requirements for specific types of decisions. # A proposal is made in the most relevant or previously selected location for that decision. If not a high traffic location, an announcement is made in a high traffic location to assure interested Wikibookians are made aware of it. # Any concerns are discussed and proposed compromises addressed. The proposal may be modified during this time. # A call for consensus is made. A [[w:Straw poll|straw poll]] may be used to determine the degree of consensus. # If there are no unresolved objections, "community consensus" is reached and the proposal is accepted. # If there are unresolved objections: #* The proposal may be dropped with "no community consensus" reached. #* The proposal may be modified to address objections and resubmitted for discussion. #* The proposal may have all objected to parts removed, and "community consensus" is reached. #* A call to determine any consensus may be made. However this should not be done lightly, and should only occur after substantial [[Wikibooks:Assume good faith|good faith]] discussion of both the proposal and objections. The community may at this point: #** Not accept the proposal as "community consensus" has not been reached. The proposal may be modified and the process repeated, if necessary. #** Accept a modified proposal with some or all objected to parts removed, and "community consensus" is reached. #** Accept the proposal in spite of objections, and "community consensus" is reached. === User responses === Users who disagree with a community decision, have the option to: # Propose alternatives. Previous discussion(s) should be presented and considered. A good reason to readdress the issue must also be explained. However this should never be done soon after a decision is made, if a different outcome is unlikely. # Accept the community's decision. # Ultimately, users unable to abide by the decision may need to reconsider their future participation in the project. == Following this Guideline == Wikibookians are encouraged to '''[[WB:BOLD|be bold]]''' when making changes, and they are encouraged to compromise and work as a community to solve problems. There is no single "right way" to achieve community consensus, and the steps outlined above only give a rough example of one version of that process. {{Wikibooks policies and guidelines}} [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]] [[Category:Administrative policies and guidelines]] jeicsvifj48uk4j99yltcenmefq9bww 0 110780 4680838 1567732 2026-11-08T03:25:58Z Kai Burghardt 153973 fix typos [use proper minus sign instead of dash or en dash], fix wrong italics [units are not put in italics, variables are], improve formatting by using {{[[Template: equation|equation]]}}, improve semantics by using {{[[Template: abbr|abbr]]}} and {{[[Template: var|var]]}}, use {{[[Template: sfrac|sfrac]]}} for more visually appealing fractions /* Further Reading */ use {{[[Template: Wikipedia|Wikipedia]]}} 4680838 wikitext text/x-wiki This page introduces the basic properties of the '''electron''', the most important particle in electronic physics. This page introduces only what is necessary for the rest of this book to build on. For more detailed information, see the suggested [[#Further Reading|further reading]] at the end of the page. ==The Electron== The electron is a subatomic particle with a negative charge, equal to −160.217646&#x00202F;·&#x00202F;{{tooltip|10<sup>−21</sup>|zepto‑}}&#x00202F;[[w:coulomb|C]]. Current, or the rate of flow of charge, is defined such that one coulomb, so {{sfrac|−1.60217646&#x00202F;·&#x00202F10;<sup>−19</sup>}}, or 6.24150974&#x00202F;·&#x00202F;10<sup>18</sup> electrons flowing past a point per second give a current of one&nbsp;[[w:ampere|ampere]]. The charge on an electron is often given as −{{var|e}}. Note that the elementary charge&nbsp;{{var|e}} is always considered positive, so the charge of an electron is always negative. The electron has a mass of 9.10938188&#x00202F;·&#x00202F;10<sup>−31</sup>&#x00202F;{{abbr|kg|kilogram}}, or about {{sfrac|1840}} that of a proton. The mass of an electron is often written as {{var|m}}<sub>e</sub>. When working, these values can usually be safely approximated to: {{equation| −{{var|e}} ≈ 160&#x00202F;{{abbr|zC|zeptocoulomb}}|𝑞ₑ}} {{equation|{{var|m}}<sub>e</sub> ≈ 911&#x00202F;{{abbr|qg|quectogram}} |𝑚ₑ}} ==Further Reading== {{Wikipedia|Electron}} {{BookCat}} 8rrxbsc9mfbdzf8zt9bvfbnc5kmxli6 0 110989 4680805 3226863 2026-11-08T02:12:10Z ~2026-59187-54 3630763 Undid revision (possible vandalism) [[Special:Diff/3226863|3226863]] by [[Special:Contributions/2602:306:C52A:7C90:89D8:90A4:C4A0:E7E0|2602:306:C52A:7C90:89D8:90A4:C4A0:E7E0]] ([[User talk:2602:306:C52A:7C90:89D8:90A4:C4A0:E7E0|discuss]]) 4680805 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction to Drafting == ''Drafting'' is writing and drafting is a vital part of successful writing. The reason you will need to use drafting is that it can lay the fundamental framework of your final paper. If you lay the framework well, you'll have a good chance of writing a beautiful paper, however, if you do a poor job on the framework, success could be much more difficult to attain. The following section will take you through the drafting process(es) with instructions and handy tips. === Nobody gets it right the first time === Whether a writer is the next Ernest Hemingway or a student at any level, drafting must be done as a part of successful writing. If a professional writer says that he/she never writes more than one draft you can pretty much bet they are joking or not telling the truth. Even when writers work to deadline and write at a single sitting, they return to parts of it again and again in order to get it just right. Also, a deadline doesn't always mean done; writers can and do return to an already published piece and revise to make it better. It does not matter whether the work is a research paper or a poem, all forms of writing need to be drafted. Since a professional writer almost never gets a piece of writing perfect in the first draft, don't feel bad if you need several drafts too. So, if you find yourself very unhappy about your first try at a paper think of it as just the start of something better, i.e. the rough draft. Another advantage to multiple drafts is that the more drafting you do the more chances you have of catching mistakes and improving the paper. This is why it is so important to make time for multiple drafts during the writing process. The time spent drafting will bring you closer to than ever to a more glorious version of your final draft. === The importance of just getting it on the page === Not much can be done for a piece of writing until it is on paper or computer screen. You may worry that the paper will not be very good or even think that it will be awful, yet you won't really know until you've actually written it. Not only will you and your reader(s) not be able to see what you have written, but there is no chance of working to fix what has not yet been written. For more ideas of how to actually get your words down look at the pre-writing section below. == Pre-writing == === Brainstorming === Brainstorming is one of the most effective pre-writing techniques you can use. It’s virtually painless and can be pretty fun, if you let it! Brainstorming is easy because there are NO RULES. Let your mind wander and think about things that you would like to explore more. Try to create a mental web of things you can connect to one another. Let the lightning of ideas strike you as they may. Ask yourself a few starter questions such as: What interests me? If I choose this subject can I meet the word/page requirements? Are there other researchers out there thinking like me? What topics are related to my topic of interest? What about the topic can I make into a thesis? Where is there an arguable side of this topic? Can I see and argue both sides? What other topics interest me? Is there anything in the media that I can make into a paper? How might this affect my daily life? What kind of examples can illustrate my point? Is this a fresh/creative topic? Has it become too common? These questions and others you might create will help you get started on your writing process. Before you even put pen to paper or fingers to keys (If you do have a good idea, WRITE IT DOWN, that way you don’t forget it!). Once you have a topic in mind then you’re ready to move on to the harder stuff. === Free writing === Free writing can also be pretty fun if you let it. Once you have the main topic of your argument, then it is time to begin getting your ideas on paper. The purpose of free writing is to do just that. Again, with free writing, there are no set rules as to how to proceed. Many teachers will use this technique as a way to jumpstart your creativity and get you thinking. In doing free writing before your paper you will need to write for several (8-10) minutes about your topic. Even if you jump off topic continue writing because you might come back around to the topic or discover a new way in which you might consider going with your topic. You might want to begin by writing down all the ideas you have about your topic. Write down things you think will eventually serve as your main points. Think about how you would argue with someone who disagreed with your point of view. What would you tell them? Could you back it up with actual evidence? Note: at this point you won’t necessarily need actual evidence, but you will want to have a good idea of the kinds of things out there that you can use to back up your claim. This is the point where your argument starts to pull together and you will probably find that you have more ideas and points than will ever fit into your argument, but then you can choose the best of the points and make your argument even stronger. === Outlines === Outlines and rough outlines are where you begin to form the skeleton of your paper. They will be the pattern from which you write your argument. The outline serves as a way to organize you thoughts into a comprehensive process that flows smoothly from one point to another. The formatting of an outline also helps you to create organization within your paper. Here is an example outline to help you learn the format and organization it will give your argument. I. This is your main topic. It can also be your title. What are you going to talk about? A. This is your introductory paragraph. Give your intro topic sentence. 1. State your thesis. You should have a clear and developed thesis by now. B. This is the body of your argument. 1. Main point #1 a. Supporting evidence for main point #1 b. More supporting evidence for point #1 c. Acknowledge and dismiss the other side of the argument 2. Main point #2 a. Supporting evidence for point #2 b. More supporting evidence for point #2 c. Acknowledge and dismiss other side of the argument C. This is the conclusion of your argument a. Restate your thesis b. Summarize your argument Note: you may have several more main points than this outline has, but they all follow the same basic structure. == Types of Drafts == === Rough draft === A rough draft is a very important step in the writing process. Writing more than one draft gives you the opportunity to catch problems and see where the paper may not be working. So, it is a very good idea to leave yourself with enough time to write at least two or three drafts of your paper. You may want to do an outline to plan your paper beforehand, but doing that is not always necessary. After you get your thoughts, any possible research and or sources needed in order you can begin actually writing. While you write your rough draft you may not feel completely satisfied about the paper, but that's okay because that is what a rough draft is for. You want to give yourself a chance to work to get to the best arrangement of ideas and find different ways of expressing them. ==== Form: intro, body, conclusion and paragraph ==== Start it, say it, finish it--that's an academic writing draft in its simplest form. Start it. The introduction starts it all. That's where you get the reader involved in what you are writing about and along the way, also get them interested in what you have to say. At the end of the introduction section, many forms of academic writing have a thesis--the main idea or claim. Say it. Say what you have to say, and don't forget to set up a sequence of ideas that will eventually lead to the conclusion. Each idea or "point" needs room to breathe, so give it its own paragraph, at the very least. Supporting details and examples will also help. Finish it. The conclusion wraps it all up in a way that doesn't just repeat the thesis--it makes it both bigger and more specific. The terminology for this kind of writing is "synthesis." In synthesis, the whole is greater than its parts, and that is exactly what a good conclusion does. Needless to say, each part involves using paragraphs, but it's helpful at the drafting stage to think more about "sections." An introduction can be more than one paragraph. A body needs to be more than one paragraph. A conclusion can be one paragraph, but can be more. If your natural tendency when drafting is to move full-steam ahead in one long paragraph with the intention of breaking it up later, it's worth the effort to slow down a bit and make those paragraph breaks as you write. Your draft will be better organized in the long run, a good thing for you and your future reader. ==== Process: getting started, getting past writing blocks ==== All writers can suffer from those horrible writing blocks, but there are ways around them. If you are having a hard time with the beginning, work on other sections of the paper and come back to the beginning later. You do not have to write strictly from beginning to conclusion. If you have an idea for a certain section write it first. Get that idea out of your head and onto the paper because in doing so, you just might think of a brilliant way to begin your paper. Also, depending on how much time you have to work you may want to take an hour or a day to get away from your paper. Sometimes a little time away from a project can help clear your head and give your ideas more definitions as well as clarity. === Process between drafts: Intermediate drafts, editing, MLA, etc. === Here the process between drafts is kind of overlapping with two of the other sections, they are, '''Revising''' and '''Editing'''. Actually, the intermediate drafts are a process of revising your former drafts again and again. You need to look at what you think is not proper or good enough and think of ways that better explain your points to your readers. For more details, you may want to refer to the other two sections about how you could make better draft amendments step by step. === Final draft === Yes! You are coming to the final draft now! However, this is not the end of your final paper yet! The overall structure of the writing construction has already been done, so we could say that you've achieved a half-success! Still, you need to go beyond drafting to the further sections which will be sure to guide you to completion of your paper! Keep up the hard work and you will be glad you went through so many drafts, all that hard work just might eventually pay off in a big way! {{BookCat}} jd667uix3dp9nlxu2v1nfjho4p5fzl2 10 118857 4680743 4626626 2026-11-07T20:28:05Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 category has new title 4680743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ombox|type=content|image=[[File:Ambox scales.svg|40px|link=]]|text={{#if:{{{1|}}} | {{Shortcut|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}} }} }} '''Please review this proposed [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines|Wikibooks policy or guideline]] and [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|share your thoughts]]. '''Your direct involvement helps determine consensus, and whether it requires further work, is adopted as a {{tlx|policy}}, is adopted as a {{tlx|guideline}}, or is {{tlx|rejected}}.}}<includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{example|no}}}|no|[[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines needing review|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}{{pp-protected|small=yes}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> as8be2f6r1u9tskk43uh89e24h8tyan 1 128435 4680868 4441807 2026-11-08T06:17:16Z ~2026-59148-66 3630794 /* German lesson 1.01 */ new section 4680868 wikitext text/x-wiki == First test exercise == I think the first exercise in the test may be wrong: 1. es, heißt ... 5. sie (singular), hat but it should be 1. es, heißen ... 5. sie (singular), haben There's also a "score 13/14" where it should be "score .../14". there is no test link in the course please provide the test pages that is very helpful to us == TESTS HAVE BEEN DELETED == Links to tests are of no use as they redirect to pages which do not exist at all. Infact they have been deleted. == Empty links == Most of the links lead to empty pages == Tests == I can't find the tests where are they plz? == No test exist on the hyperlink == Hi Team, I selected the link but no content exist . == Audios are not available == Couldn't find audio one and two. Thankyou. == LINK ONE and two == The links are not working == MISSING AUDIO == hI , i HAVE CHECKED THE AUDIO BUT THERE IS NO AUDIO FILE IN THIS pdf BOOK FOR THE CONVERSATION. Audio links are not working in 1st lesson == German dialogues == Dialogues can't be found audio not found == About test and excercises == The links provided in the PDF form to the tests and excercises are expired or don't exist. == The test == It wont let me take the test. There’s just “page not found” == The Test 2 == It wont let me take the test. There’s just “page not found” [[Special:Contributions/149.0.98.126|149.0.98.126]] ([[User talk:149.0.98.126|discuss]]) 10:25, 23 July 2022 (UTC) == Dialogues can't be found == Dialogues can't be found [[Special:Contributions/2001:56A:FC31:1800:486B:D75D:5393:9C39|2001:56A:FC31:1800:486B:D75D:5393:9C39]] ([[User talk:2001:56A:FC31:1800:486B:D75D:5393:9C39|discuss]]) 19:14, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == German lesson 1.01 == no audio file for the first two dialogues. The page says link not found [[Special:Contributions/~2026-59148-66|~2026-59148-66]] ([[User talk:~2026-59148-66|talk]]) 06:17, 8 November 2026 (UTC) cy86guvxvysxfxwg1jwst1bxb8cg0sj 14 138718 4680744 3147103 2026-11-07T20:32:34Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 removed [[Category:Wikibooks policies]]; added [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4680744 wikitext text/x-wiki An index of Wikijunior policy pages. [[Category:Subject:Wikijunior| Policy]] [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines]] 5wb6df9drzt39zs325mtkes3xy21bf9 4 140081 4680910 4680633 2026-11-08T08:10:40Z ArchiverBot 1227662 Bot: Archiving 2 threads (older than 14 days) to [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/2026/October]] 4680910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Header}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(14d) |counter = 1 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 }} == ~2026-57615-63 reported by MathXplore == * {{anonlinks|~2026-57615-63}} vandalism <!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-57615-63/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:46, 28 October 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 23:21, 28 October 2026 (UTC) == Ruchichuahan reported by MathsScienceNerd1 == * {{userlinks|Ruchichuahan}} Advertisement, spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Ruchichuahan/ --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 07:28, 29 October 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 14:05, 29 October 2026 (UTC) == BoiaBoiaMans reported by Morkoz == * {{userlinks|BoiaBoiaMans}} Long-term abuse. <!-- USERREPORTED:/BoiaBoiaMans/ --> [[User:Morkoz|Morkoz]] ([[User talk:Morkoz|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Morkoz|contribs]]) 19:23, 1 November 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Globally locked}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:08, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == CU Request == @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] can I get a CU on the following, who are mass-creating pages with thematic overlap? <div style="column-count: 3"> * [[User:Ruby Rupshikha Meher/sandbox]] * [[User:KushKumar46/sandbox]] * [[User:Surajshinde2005/sandbox]] * [[User:Tangirala Pavan kumar reddy/sandbox]] * [[User:D542006P/sandbox/Time Division Multiplexing]] * [[User:Apsohal/sandbox]] * [[User:Gang tribute/sandbox]] * [[User:Shoobisediting/sandbox]] * [[User:Anandu SN/sandbox]] * [[User:YubiIsthere/sandbox]] * [[User:Raginikumari123/sandbox]] * [[User:Sandeep912133/sandbox]] * [[User:SandeepLPU/sandbox]] * [[User:Bodepalli reddy/sandbox]] * [[User:Badepalli praveen kumar reddy/sandbox]] * [[User:Eren Reddy/sandbox]] * [[User:Hayan R/sandbox]] * [[User:Abhi9441/sandbox]] * [[User:Dhillonnn/sandbox]] * [[User:Ritwik2418/sandbox]] * [[User:Akshgoel/sandbox]] * [[User:Shubham1240/sandbox]] * [[User:Cornor-02/sandbox]] * [[User:Dhanush0715/sandbox]] * [[User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox]] * [[User:KashyavPradhan07/sandbox]] * [[User:Sarabjitlpu/sandbox]] * [[User:AmeenSharaf007/sandbox]] * [[User:QuillNova/sandbox]] * [[User:Avishkar pathak/sandbox]] * [[User:Reyansh68/sandbox2]] * [[User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox/Introduction]] * [[User:PushpenderSingh369/sandbox/ArUco Markers]] * [[User:Atharv Karande]] * [[User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox/1.4 Objectives of the Study]] * [[User:Wikilalithbook/sandbox]] * [[User:Aditya31Raj/sandbox]] * [[User:Deepakdasari09/sandbox]] * [[User:Ronak0830/sandbox]] * [[User:Chand2006/sandbox]] * [[User:Parmindersingh0830/sandbox]] * [[User:Sonupandit2580/sandbox]] * [[User:Thanuj1212/Power Electronics in Electric Vehicles]]</div> Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:47, 3 November 2026 (UTC) :I have assumed it is a school or educational project, but I will take a closer look. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:15, 4 November 2026 (UTC). :The accounts appear to be related, but not closely enough to be socks. I suspect they are students editing from the same institution on a range of devices. The main issue here seems to be the use of LLMs to create garbage that might then get pasted into a book. Unfortunately it is difficult to communicate with a large group like this. Usually their teacher also creates an account, but I haven't been able to identify one. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:21, 4 November 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you for checking! I was also suspecting something similar, and the mass low-quality content addition isn't great. I've mentioned this elsewhere on wiki, but I've noticed accounts taking advantage of the fact that we're more lenient about sandbox content as a loophole to protect against genAI content deletion. I'm inclined to enforce the AI content ban in sandboxes too, since it can't exactly become "un-generated" by AI, and it would be problematic for it to wind up in mainspace. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:01, 4 November 2026 (UTC) :::I've deleted a bunch of these. @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] is there any way to use the edit filter for this? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:10, 5 November 2026 (UTC) :::: Please email me the specific content/titles, and I'll see what I can do. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:11, 5 November 2026 (UTC) == Report concerning [[Special:Contribs/~2026-58721-39|~2026-58721-39]] == Vandalism, removing content from pages. [[User:Veritas Sapientiae|Veritas Sapientiae]] ([[User talk:Veritas Sapientiae|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Veritas Sapientiae|contribs]]) 08:13, 4 November 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 14:04, 4 November 2026 (UTC) == [[Special:IPContributions/170.185.36.211/16]] == '''Reason for reporting:''' cross-wiki abuse ([[:v:Special:IPContributions/170.185.36.211/16]], Cc: {{Reply to|Koavf|Codename Noreste}}, Wikiversity custodians) [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:26, 7 November 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 02:38, 7 November 2026 (UTC) :{{done}}/doing here and at en.wv. Thanks. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 02:39, 7 November 2026 (UTC) j2cxaon1nfwzil19wguu3pldmloprn5 4 155682 4680793 4680318 2026-11-07T22:10:22Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 /* Approve Wikibooks:Manual of Style */ new section 4680793 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:RFC|WB:PROPOSALS}} {{TOC left<!--|limit=2-->}} Welcome to the '''Proposals reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about suggestions for improving Wikibooks. {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(120d) |counter = 1 |key = 1f2adc5eee951900b65c7b981b786191 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 }} {{clear}} <!--Take threads to archive below this line--> <!--Add new threads to bottom of page--> == New gadget to browse subpages == {{closed|Has been implemented —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:24, 5 November 2026 (UTC)}}Hi all! I developed a gadget to easily browse subpages through a collapsible menu, that I think might be useful in Wikibooks. Here's a little demo video: [[File:Subpages_gadget_demo.webm|frameless]] To test it yourself, add the following to [[Special:MyPage/common.js|your common.js]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' ); </syntaxhighlight> If you find it useful, I can enable it as a gadget to make it generally available from the preferences. Thoughts? Cheers! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :Wikibooks relies heavily on subpages, so this is a nice addition. Merci. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 16:43, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :This could be extremely useful for books here!! I'll note, though, that it doesn't work quite right with the vector legacy skin (what I use). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:20, 3 July 2026 (UTC) : @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] I will be the one in charge installing this as a gadget since there is no objection, but what dependecies does this gadget need to use? You might also want to read Kittycataclysm's suggestion above. ''Muchos saludos''. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:08, 9 July 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] Hi! I just fixed the issue with Vector legacy and also for other skins. Regarding dependencies, this gadget requires <code>mediawiki.api</code> and <code>@wikimedia/codex</code>. If you want to take care of the installation, please do not copy-paste the source code, but rather load the global version using <code>mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' );</code>, like other [[mw:Global gadgets|global gadgets]]. Thanks! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 14:22, 22 July 2026 (UTC) ::: I put the code on the gadgets definition page @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]], but feel free to fix what I placed. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:45, 22 July 2026 (UTC) ::::Just checking in here—was this resolved/completed? I see [[MediaWiki:Gadget-Subpages.js]], and I assume everything is now taken care of in terms of WB-wide installation? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:14, 30 October 2026 (UTC) ::::: This was already resolved, feel free to close this. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:09, 30 October 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Breadcrumbs in the title == Hi! I think breadcrumbs would be more intuitive, compact and cleaner if they were integrated into the title rather than below it, like so: <gallery> Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (before).png|Current breadcrumbs Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (after).png|Proposed breadcrumbs </gallery> What do you think? [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 17 August 2026 (UTC) :I appreciate the effort, but I don't see a big difference or that one would be more usable than another. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 19:14, 17 August 2026 (UTC) :I like proposal and I think it would be an improvement. Having the breadcrumbs twice, as in the current system, creates a redundant ui element. I also think the formatting around the forward slashes in the "new" version better conveys that they have specific technical meaning and are not part of the name of the page. --[[User:JCrue|JCrue]] ([[User talk:JCrue|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JCrue|contribs]]) 14:52, 7 October 2026 (UTC) == Approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? == Some of the text was based off of the global CheckUser policy, but in this case, should we approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? There is a special clause allowing stewards to perform checks even during non-emergency situations (as set in [[Wikibooks:Global rights policy]]). I have yet to include a part where users may request CU checks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 21:55, 13 September 2026 (UTC) :I'm somewhat just unsure on what the benefit of making this policy would be. Sure, there's strength in policy, of course. But this seems to be doing fine overall as an information page, no? It doesn't differ very much from the global CU policy, so I'm not sure that a page without any Wikibooks-specific information really benefits from policy status. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 00:22, 14 September 2026 (UTC) :I would {{support}} this. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:26, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == FlaggedRevs again == {{closed|[[phab:T440519]] was done, sending FlaggedRevs down to the void. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:52, 27 October 2026 (UTC)}} <div class="cd-moveMark">''Moved from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#FlaggedRevs again]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:01, 1 October 2026 (UTC)''</div> Hi all. I already know there were various topics over the years about this subject, but I was considering for the project on whether we should remove this extension from this project, and go back to using MediaWiki's page patrol system. Currently, there is a backlog of more than 3000 unreviewed edits (some going back as far as a few years ago); that’s why I started this discussion here. {{collapse top}} * <code>autoreview</code> and <code>editor</code> would be <code>autopatrolled</code> and <code>patroller</code>, respectively. * <code>wgUseNPPatrol</code> and <code>wgUseFilePatrol</code> would be re-enabled for English Wikibooks. * <code>autopatrol</code> and <code>patrol</code> would be re-assigned back to sysops and their respective user groups. * <code>patroller</code> would also have <code>rollback</code> and <code>suppressredirect</code> and its rate limit untouched. {{collapse bottom}} Best, [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 12:56, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{s}} the removal of FlaggedRevs. Inasmuch as the extension works at all, it works best when it is used selectively on projects like Wikipedia, for individual high-traffic pages with lots of watchers which are subject to vandalism or controversy. Wikibooks is not a good use case for this extension. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 15:51, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :{{s}} I don't see any way that backlog ever gets cleared, frankly, and if it isn't going to be cleared, we might as well go to something easier, which is the normal page patrol system, which works well off of [[Special:NewPages]] already. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 00:31, 3 October 2026 (UTC) :{{neutral}} - Wikibooks is not a good use case for this extension, and with 3000 unreviewed edits with no progress at all, it does make sense to remove it. On the other hand, there could be a WikiProject to review each of these edits. For this reason, I am voting neutral [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 13:41, 3 October 2026 (UTC) :: There was the outdated [[Wikibooks:New page patrol]] before this project used FlaggedRevs. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:22, 3 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} the removal of FlaggedRevs from Wikibooks. It's a redundant extension that's not useful in this wiki. --[[User:Agusbou2015|Agusbou2015]] ([[User talk:Agusbou2015|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Agusbou2015|contribs]]) 21:53, 3 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Support}}. Several years ago I spent hundreds of hours trying to do the first review of every page. I managed to get all the root pages done but only got as far as "E" for the other pages. While I was doing this I stopped reviewing changes - and in that time over a 1,000 out of date pages were in the list. I concluded it was an impossible task unless lots of people joined in the work but that didn't happen and I doubt it ever will. I do think it has value for Wikijunior in showing the last reviewed page rather than the possibly offensively vandalised latest revision, but other than that it's a waste of time. At some point the extension will get fully deprecated and we'll be forced to stop using it anyway. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:53, 6 October 2026 (UTC) :Will <code>patroller</code> be granted automatically? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 13:24, 6 October 2026 (UTC) :: Unfortunately, no. Since we will stop using FlaggedRevs, the patroller user group will not be granted automatically and thus will have to be manually given out by administrators. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:46, 6 October 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]: And are we planning on giving back the <code>patroller</code> right to existing reviewers? Or will they have to manually reapply? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 02:30, 8 October 2026 (UTC) :::: I have a plan: any former reviewer who has been active recently in the past two years will have patroller rights. This will be done to reduce a huge amount of inactive former reviewers. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 12:26, 8 October 2026 (UTC) ::::Keep the name the same; just remove the reviewer right. After all, patrolling is a form of reviewing. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 18:52, 8 October 2026 (UTC) ::::: Do we have to use the term {{tq|reviewing}} instead of {{tq|patrolling}}? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:57, 8 October 2026 (UTC) :::{{ping|Codename Noreste}} Is there a reason that we should not simply give the reviewer group the <code>patrol</code> right, and keep the auto-granting going? [[Wikibooks:Reviewers#Automatic criteria]] does not appear to be FlaggedRevs-specific, so auto-promotion should still be able to continue even without FlaggedRevs, and reviewers could simply become patrollers (in the technical sense). [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 07:55, 10 October 2026 (UTC) :::: I believe that would require some additional code on InitialiseSettings.php, and as for <code>reviewer</code>, I'm not sure we should still use that user group term over <code>patroller</code> as per the point {{tq|Special groups on small wikis}} on [[m:Limits to configuration changes]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:58, 10 October 2026 (UTC) : If you take a look at the extended content, I also included what I also proposed too. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:19, 6 October 2026 (UTC) :{{comment}}. The [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]] is not recommended for production use, per Mediawiki. On this basis alone we should discontinue use of it. However, we haven't determined if page patrolling is the best replacement. There are [[mw:Content approval extensions|alternative extensions]] and the mediawiki page for FlaggedRevs specifically recommends [[mw:Extension:Approved Revs|'''Approved Revs extension''']]. We should determine which of page patrolling or these extensions is the most appropriate antivandalism tool first. (after all, according to [[Help:Tracking_changes#Reviewing_pages]], the purpose of FlaggedRevs is to be "our primary counter-vandalism tool"). --[[User:JCrue|JCrue]] ([[User talk:JCrue|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JCrue|contribs]]) 14:48, 7 October 2026 (UTC) :: Approved Revs would require significant testing and approval per [[mw:Writing an extension for deployment]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 16:35, 7 October 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Disable (some) page creation by temporary accounts == {{closed|As of now, unregistered users can no longer create non-discussion pages. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:27, 5 November 2026 (UTC)}} {{tracked|T443449|resolved}} Creating a new book, or adding a chapter to an existing book, is a significant action, and users performing this action should be available to discuss it. Additionally, in practice, most page creations by temp accounts are out of scope, if not outright vandalism. (See https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=create for some examples.) As such, I'd like to propose that the wiki require a registered account to create pages in any non-talk namespace. Temporary accounts will still be able to edit existing pages, or to create talk pages to start discussions. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:48, 1 October 2026 (UTC) : From a technical point of view, this would require moving <code>createpage</code> from unregistered users (<code><nowiki>*</nowiki></code>) to registered users (<code>user</code>), but that would mean every non-registered user may not be able to create pages in every namespace, but talk pages. : Another solution would be to add [[mw:Extension:ArticleCreationWorkflow]] to this project, but we don't have a system to create drafts (or similar). : And a final solution would be to create an edit filter disallowing unregistered users from creating pages in mainspace. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:43, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :: Just to note, please read the first point of [[m:Limits to configuration changes#Changes that are likely to be declined]] (Disable non-autoconfirmed page creation). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:50, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :::What I'm proposing is that we require a registered account for page creation, not autoconfirmed. enwiki (as well as a few other wikis) already use this configuration - it's not new. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:58, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :::: Okay, but I provided some alternatives above. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 20:06, 1 October 2026 (UTC) : In that case, I have no objections here. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:03, 6 October 2026 (UTC) :I would propose the use of autoconfirmed, to better patrol new pages that are being created. There are countless advertisement pages being created on Wikibooks, usually in the user's userpage. The use of a registered account proposed by Omphalographer therefore may have some limitations. I agree with the proposal to make new pages strictly autoconfirmed. If a user wishes to create a page, there could be a feature for reviewers/patrollers to check such pages that are being created. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 13:36, 9 October 2026 (UTC) :: You might want to read my point about limits to configuration changes. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:53, 9 October 2026 (UTC) :Why turn off potential good contributors by telling them they must register AND log-in in order to contribute? The problem at Wikibooks right now is the dearth of contributions, not vandalism, I think (?). :* Anons are already precluded from editing pages that have been "protected" by admins. :* Anon user contributions are automatically marked for Review before they become public :* There are less than 500 anon accounts that have contributed more than one edit to Wikibooks? :Is it really necessary to stop us from contributing to Wikibooks? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 00:19, 10 October 2026 (UTC) :: {{ping|~2026-40500-29}} The initial question was not whether registered accounts can contribute, it is whether temporary accounts can create pages. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:48, 10 October 2026 (UTC) :::Isn't the creation of new pages a subset of potential contributions to Wikibooks? Are you saying that some members in good standing of this community are only allowed to correct obvious spelling and grammar mistakes by others? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 19:23, 11 October 2026 (UTC) ::::That message was to {{comment}} that this discussion was about creating pages, not about whether anonymous users can contribute. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 07:22, 13 October 2026 (UTC) :: @[[User:~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]], is your response considered an objection? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:55, 27 October 2026 (UTC) :Limiting page creation to registered users might reduce new spam/promotional/out of scope pages. I disagree with 2026-405000-29 that requiring account registration is unnecessarily burdensome for new editors. :I don't know where the number <500 anon accounts have contributed more than one edit comes from and it seems unlikely to me: that would mean there have only been 23 anon editors per year since wikibooks was founded. Looking at Special:RecentChanges there seems to be four or five anon editors a day. :Overall I think it is a reasonable restriction. I can't speak to the technical aspects of this change (re configuration changes, vs. autoconfirmed patrolling, etc) but if it is easy to implement I support it. [[User:JCrue|JCrue]] ([[User talk:JCrue|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JCrue|contribs]]) 10:13, 12 October 2026 (UTC) ::i think setting limitations to configuration changes would affect those who are unregistered users.anyway it is ::a good idea though but let's think about it outside the box [[User:Luhesa Kahuma|Luhesa Kahuma]] ([[User talk:Luhesa Kahuma|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Luhesa Kahuma|contribs]]) 22:47, 30 October 2026 (UTC) : I see consensus here to implement this change, but I will wait one more day before I implement the patch on Gerrit. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 22:02, 2 November 2026 (UTC) :{{done|I filed [[phab:T443449]]}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:40, 3 November 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Add inactivity policies for patrollers and uploaders? == I am proposing that we include inactivity policies for both patrollers and uploaders, which include no edits or logged actions for two years. I previously proposed this for [now former] reviewers, but someone probably objected. Now, if their rights are removed for inactivity, they can request them back at [[WB:RFP]] (without prejudice), unless the rights were removed for cause (such as a vote of confidence). Edit: Someone also proposed inactivity policies for importers (and possibly import uploaders too), which are sensitive permissions. I initially forgot to include that permission when creating this proposal, but now I am also proposing for importer permissions to have an inactivity policy. Which procedure should we choose if we agree on the inactivity policy proposals? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 22:18, 18 October 2026 (UTC) : {{Oppose}} - There is no need for inactivity policies for patrollers and uploaders, since there is no harm in keeping patrollers and uploaders in the current roles. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:09, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :: I have to disagree here. Some larger projects have their own inactivity policies for patrollers, such as [[m:Meta:Patrollers#Removal of access]] on Meta-Wiki and [[w:en:WP:NPPREVOKE]] (new page reviewers on English Wikipedia, a similar permission). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 00:34, 20 October 2026 (UTC) ::: CC to @[[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]], who was previously TechVindicator. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:01, 27 October 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]: I will say that it seems odd to propose these policies for patrollers and uploaders without proposing an equivalent for [[WB:importers|importers]], when that's arguably a far more sensitive role. I do at least support an inactivity policy for importers, and am as yet neutral vis-à-vis patrollers and uploaders. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 02:05, 21 October 2026 (UTC) :: @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] I've edited my proposal to also include both importers and import uploaders. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:29, 22 October 2026 (UTC) == Approving [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]] as a policy == I created this draft policy two years ago, and would like to see whether the community is willing to approve it now. I have substituted it in its current form (00:16, 20 October 2026 (UTC)) below: {{hidden archive top|Policy text}} Sometimes, there will be a book that has a lot of information that was very useful at the time, but has become out of date over time. There are generally two procedures that can be followed here. ;For books that aren't up to date, but can be reasonably updated This category applies to books that, for instance, have not been updated with new information in a few years, but where the subject still exists and new information can be found about it. In this scenario, you should add the {{tlx|Outdated}} tag to the top of the book, and post on its discussion page explaining what should be updated. Or, you can always just [[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]] and update it yourself! ;For books that cannot be reasonably updated This category includes books that are so outdated that their subject either no longer exists, or has changed so much since the book was written that it is virtually unrecognizable, and it would be nearly impossible to update it satisfactorily. These books should generally not be deleted, as they do provide valuable information, but should not be easily accessible to readers looking for recent information. Here, the following instructions should be followed. If the case is unambiguous: # Add {{tlx|Archived}} to the top of the book. Doing this will also remove it from search engine indexes, unless you override this by using {{tlx|Archived|2=noindex=false}}. # Move the book to a subpage of [[Wikibooks:Outdated books/Archive]]. # Replace the content of the redirect left behind after the move with {{tlx|Soft redirect|2=Wikibooks:Outdated books/Archive/<book title>}}. # (''optional'') Inform the author(s) of the book of your decision. If the case is ambiguous: Follow these steps if there is any reasonable doubt about if the book can be updated. # Follow the instructions at {{Section link|Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Deletion}} to file a request. Make sure to note that the request is for archiving, not deletion. # The proposal for archiving will be discussed. # If consensus has been reached to archive the book, any uninvolved user may close the discussion and follow the instructions in {{Section link|#If the case is unambiguous}}. Otherwise, the book will remain as is. {{hidden archive bottom}} [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 20 October 2026 (UTC) : I have a question, is there any difference if we approve this as a guideline (common sense) compared to as a policy? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 00:24, 20 October 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]: That would also be fine; I'm not exactly sure if the delineation between guidelines and policies on Wikibooks is as clearly defined as on Wikipedia. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:27, 20 October 2026 (UTC) ::: I would suggest approving this as a guideline should an experienced, yet uninvolved editor may use their judgment and common sense when dealing with outdated books. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 00:29, 20 October 2026 (UTC) : {{support}} for approval as a guideline, as I said and mentioned above. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:45, 27 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:22, 5 November 2026 (UTC) == Wikibooks Magazine == I am proposing that we create a magazine quarterly, or bimonthly detailing latest news on Wikibooks (and maybe ''some'' current affairs, considering the shutdown of Wikinews, though this is unlikely). <br> If it were to be approved, it would be inspired by the WikiKids magazine in Dutch [https://wikikids.nl/Wikikids:Magazine/11 link], though with a Wikibooks feel. A user could propose something for the next Wikibooks Magazine on the talk page of [[Wikibooks:Magazine]], including ideas for the next Wikibooks magazine. It would be promoted on the front page (and maybe) on the MediaWiki Sitenotice, providing information about the next edition. On Wikikids, the project has been going on since 2024, and since then there have been 11 editions. What do you think? [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:20, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Courtesy ping|Codename Noreste}} [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:36, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Courtesy ping|JJPMaster}} [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:04, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :I '''weak support''' a '''quarterly''' publication. There isn't a ton of activity here compared to many other <abbr>WMF</abbr> wikis, so there won't be quite as much to report as there is at (e.g.) [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST]] or [[:wikt:en:WIktionary:The Headword]] but that said, having a publication could encourage engagement by showing what hard work others are doing. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 19:36, 21 October 2026 (UTC) : Because of the low activity, should the releases be biannual (every six months)? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:29, 22 October 2026 (UTC) ::I would support a quarterly publication, given the fact that Wikibooks does not have enough traffic (in my opinion) to justify a bimonthly publication, but, at the same time, the idea of a biannual publication seems relatively infrequent. Furthermore, the magazine would follow the quarterly format used on WikiKids. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 03:47, 23 October 2026 (UTC) : We can do that with [[Wikibooks:Magazine]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:00, 27 October 2026 (UTC) ::I will create a page about what the Wikibooks Magazine on the page provided, and the editions that will follow. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 07:32, 28 October 2026 (UTC) == Discussion on whether to create an extended mover user group == Currently, patrollers (formerly reviewers) have the <code>suppressredirect</code> user right as well as a rate limit per InitialiseSettings.php. However, I am consulting with the community if we: # Remove <code>suppressredirect</code> from patrollers # Add <code>suppressredirect</code> to <code>extendedmover</code> as well as include <code>delete-redirect</code> (for deleting redirects with a single revision) and <code>move-subpages</code> (to move all subpages of a book in a single action) # Also include <code>noratelimit</code> to <code>extendedmover</code> instead of using a custom rate limit (optional), or increase the limit to 500 This is because, per the principle of least privilege, patrollers should be responsible for marking new pages as patrolled and reverting vandalism/spam, while extended movers are trustworthy users (usually non-admins) responsible for moving books, et al. <s>This is ''not'' a proposal to implement the extended mover user group, but rather a community consultation.</s> Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:48, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]: Relevant prior discussion can be found [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals/2020/December#Suppress redirect feature|here]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 20:21, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :Oppose, don't see the point. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 11:12, 3 November 2026 (UTC) :: Oddly enough, while patrollers have a rate limit of moving more pages in under a minute, they do not have <code>move-subpages</code> (which allows them to move a book and its subpages in a single action). Without that mechanism to move subpages, they will have to perform some additional moves by hand. Because of that, I said that <code>move-subpages</code> will be added to the extended mover user group. Since that user group is considered a somewhat privileged (non-admin) user group, it will be granted to trustworthy users who have a demonstrated need for it, provided that they have a history of moving pages without causing some sort of disruption during the process. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:43, 3 November 2026 (UTC) :::Why not just add it in the patroller group? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 16:47, 5 November 2026 (UTC) :::: Because I believe <code>move-subpages</code> can arguably be considered a sensitive user right which may be prone to page move vandalism or other misuse, and correct me if I'm wrong but some patrollers have experience with moving pages, while others may use <code>patrol</code> and <code>rollback</code> solely to perform anti-vandalism and patrolling duties. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:02, 5 November 2026 (UTC) :What are the current requirements to become a patroller? The same as what we used to have for reviewers? And, do we have currently have prerequisites for <code>extendedmover</code>? Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:27, 5 November 2026 (UTC) ::# For now, I would suggest we utilize the same requirements as we did with reviewers, but we do NOT have autopromotion. ::# Typically, a candidate for <code>extendedmover</code> should and must have a history of moving pages without causing disruption, or have made lots of requests to admins to move whole books. A prerequesite is that the candidate must have patroller rights. :: [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:31, 5 November 2026 (UTC) == Enabling wgUseRCPatrol == Some of our sister projects have <code><nowiki>wgUseRCPatrol</nowiki></code> enabled, but on the other hand, we do not. I think we should enable this so that we can also focus on reviewing edits in the recent changes, not just new pages. [[Wikibooks:Patrolling]] can also include information about this once we enable it here. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:39, 27 October 2026 (UTC) : {{support}}. This would mimic the functionality of FlaggedRevs when reviewing pages and would help detect vandalism much easier. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 04:35, 2 November 2026 (UTC) : {{support}} per above.--[[User:TunnelESON|TunnelESON]] ([[User talk:TunnelESON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TunnelESON|contribs]]) 03:20, 5 November 2026 (UTC) == Approve [[Wikibooks:Manual of Style]] == [[Wikibooks:Manual of Style]] is technically still only a draft, though in many ways we use it as a guideline. I'm therefore opening a community discussion here with the goal of approving it as a guideline. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:10, 7 November 2026 (UTC) mlndizitxgfz06vafy8l5p9x2e2ezp5 4680794 4680793 2026-11-07T22:11:21Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 /* Approving Wikibooks:Outdated books as a policy */ clarify as guideline 4680794 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:RFC|WB:PROPOSALS}} {{TOC left<!--|limit=2-->}} Welcome to the '''Proposals reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about suggestions for improving Wikibooks. {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(120d) |counter = 1 |key = 1f2adc5eee951900b65c7b981b786191 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 }} {{clear}} <!--Take threads to archive below this line--> <!--Add new threads to bottom of page--> == New gadget to browse subpages == {{closed|Has been implemented —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:24, 5 November 2026 (UTC)}}Hi all! I developed a gadget to easily browse subpages through a collapsible menu, that I think might be useful in Wikibooks. Here's a little demo video: [[File:Subpages_gadget_demo.webm|frameless]] To test it yourself, add the following to [[Special:MyPage/common.js|your common.js]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' ); </syntaxhighlight> If you find it useful, I can enable it as a gadget to make it generally available from the preferences. Thoughts? Cheers! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :Wikibooks relies heavily on subpages, so this is a nice addition. Merci. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 16:43, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :This could be extremely useful for books here!! I'll note, though, that it doesn't work quite right with the vector legacy skin (what I use). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:20, 3 July 2026 (UTC) : @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] I will be the one in charge installing this as a gadget since there is no objection, but what dependecies does this gadget need to use? You might also want to read Kittycataclysm's suggestion above. ''Muchos saludos''. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:08, 9 July 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] Hi! I just fixed the issue with Vector legacy and also for other skins. Regarding dependencies, this gadget requires <code>mediawiki.api</code> and <code>@wikimedia/codex</code>. If you want to take care of the installation, please do not copy-paste the source code, but rather load the global version using <code>mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' );</code>, like other [[mw:Global gadgets|global gadgets]]. Thanks! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 14:22, 22 July 2026 (UTC) ::: I put the code on the gadgets definition page @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]], but feel free to fix what I placed. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:45, 22 July 2026 (UTC) ::::Just checking in here—was this resolved/completed? I see [[MediaWiki:Gadget-Subpages.js]], and I assume everything is now taken care of in terms of WB-wide installation? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:14, 30 October 2026 (UTC) ::::: This was already resolved, feel free to close this. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:09, 30 October 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Breadcrumbs in the title == Hi! I think breadcrumbs would be more intuitive, compact and cleaner if they were integrated into the title rather than below it, like so: <gallery> Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (before).png|Current breadcrumbs Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (after).png|Proposed breadcrumbs </gallery> What do you think? [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 17 August 2026 (UTC) :I appreciate the effort, but I don't see a big difference or that one would be more usable than another. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 19:14, 17 August 2026 (UTC) :I like proposal and I think it would be an improvement. Having the breadcrumbs twice, as in the current system, creates a redundant ui element. I also think the formatting around the forward slashes in the "new" version better conveys that they have specific technical meaning and are not part of the name of the page. --[[User:JCrue|JCrue]] ([[User talk:JCrue|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JCrue|contribs]]) 14:52, 7 October 2026 (UTC) == Approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? == Some of the text was based off of the global CheckUser policy, but in this case, should we approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? There is a special clause allowing stewards to perform checks even during non-emergency situations (as set in [[Wikibooks:Global rights policy]]). I have yet to include a part where users may request CU checks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 21:55, 13 September 2026 (UTC) :I'm somewhat just unsure on what the benefit of making this policy would be. Sure, there's strength in policy, of course. But this seems to be doing fine overall as an information page, no? It doesn't differ very much from the global CU policy, so I'm not sure that a page without any Wikibooks-specific information really benefits from policy status. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 00:22, 14 September 2026 (UTC) :I would {{support}} this. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:26, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == FlaggedRevs again == {{closed|[[phab:T440519]] was done, sending FlaggedRevs down to the void. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:52, 27 October 2026 (UTC)}} <div class="cd-moveMark">''Moved from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#FlaggedRevs again]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:01, 1 October 2026 (UTC)''</div> Hi all. I already know there were various topics over the years about this subject, but I was considering for the project on whether we should remove this extension from this project, and go back to using MediaWiki's page patrol system. Currently, there is a backlog of more than 3000 unreviewed edits (some going back as far as a few years ago); that’s why I started this discussion here. {{collapse top}} * <code>autoreview</code> and <code>editor</code> would be <code>autopatrolled</code> and <code>patroller</code>, respectively. * <code>wgUseNPPatrol</code> and <code>wgUseFilePatrol</code> would be re-enabled for English Wikibooks. * <code>autopatrol</code> and <code>patrol</code> would be re-assigned back to sysops and their respective user groups. * <code>patroller</code> would also have <code>rollback</code> and <code>suppressredirect</code> and its rate limit untouched. {{collapse bottom}} Best, [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 12:56, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{s}} the removal of FlaggedRevs. Inasmuch as the extension works at all, it works best when it is used selectively on projects like Wikipedia, for individual high-traffic pages with lots of watchers which are subject to vandalism or controversy. Wikibooks is not a good use case for this extension. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 15:51, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :{{s}} I don't see any way that backlog ever gets cleared, frankly, and if it isn't going to be cleared, we might as well go to something easier, which is the normal page patrol system, which works well off of [[Special:NewPages]] already. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 00:31, 3 October 2026 (UTC) :{{neutral}} - Wikibooks is not a good use case for this extension, and with 3000 unreviewed edits with no progress at all, it does make sense to remove it. On the other hand, there could be a WikiProject to review each of these edits. For this reason, I am voting neutral [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 13:41, 3 October 2026 (UTC) :: There was the outdated [[Wikibooks:New page patrol]] before this project used FlaggedRevs. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:22, 3 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} the removal of FlaggedRevs from Wikibooks. It's a redundant extension that's not useful in this wiki. --[[User:Agusbou2015|Agusbou2015]] ([[User talk:Agusbou2015|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Agusbou2015|contribs]]) 21:53, 3 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Support}}. Several years ago I spent hundreds of hours trying to do the first review of every page. I managed to get all the root pages done but only got as far as "E" for the other pages. While I was doing this I stopped reviewing changes - and in that time over a 1,000 out of date pages were in the list. I concluded it was an impossible task unless lots of people joined in the work but that didn't happen and I doubt it ever will. I do think it has value for Wikijunior in showing the last reviewed page rather than the possibly offensively vandalised latest revision, but other than that it's a waste of time. At some point the extension will get fully deprecated and we'll be forced to stop using it anyway. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:53, 6 October 2026 (UTC) :Will <code>patroller</code> be granted automatically? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 13:24, 6 October 2026 (UTC) :: Unfortunately, no. Since we will stop using FlaggedRevs, the patroller user group will not be granted automatically and thus will have to be manually given out by administrators. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:46, 6 October 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]: And are we planning on giving back the <code>patroller</code> right to existing reviewers? Or will they have to manually reapply? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 02:30, 8 October 2026 (UTC) :::: I have a plan: any former reviewer who has been active recently in the past two years will have patroller rights. This will be done to reduce a huge amount of inactive former reviewers. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 12:26, 8 October 2026 (UTC) ::::Keep the name the same; just remove the reviewer right. After all, patrolling is a form of reviewing. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 18:52, 8 October 2026 (UTC) ::::: Do we have to use the term {{tq|reviewing}} instead of {{tq|patrolling}}? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:57, 8 October 2026 (UTC) :::{{ping|Codename Noreste}} Is there a reason that we should not simply give the reviewer group the <code>patrol</code> right, and keep the auto-granting going? [[Wikibooks:Reviewers#Automatic criteria]] does not appear to be FlaggedRevs-specific, so auto-promotion should still be able to continue even without FlaggedRevs, and reviewers could simply become patrollers (in the technical sense). [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 07:55, 10 October 2026 (UTC) :::: I believe that would require some additional code on InitialiseSettings.php, and as for <code>reviewer</code>, I'm not sure we should still use that user group term over <code>patroller</code> as per the point {{tq|Special groups on small wikis}} on [[m:Limits to configuration changes]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:58, 10 October 2026 (UTC) : If you take a look at the extended content, I also included what I also proposed too. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:19, 6 October 2026 (UTC) :{{comment}}. The [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]] is not recommended for production use, per Mediawiki. On this basis alone we should discontinue use of it. However, we haven't determined if page patrolling is the best replacement. There are [[mw:Content approval extensions|alternative extensions]] and the mediawiki page for FlaggedRevs specifically recommends [[mw:Extension:Approved Revs|'''Approved Revs extension''']]. We should determine which of page patrolling or these extensions is the most appropriate antivandalism tool first. (after all, according to [[Help:Tracking_changes#Reviewing_pages]], the purpose of FlaggedRevs is to be "our primary counter-vandalism tool"). --[[User:JCrue|JCrue]] ([[User talk:JCrue|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JCrue|contribs]]) 14:48, 7 October 2026 (UTC) :: Approved Revs would require significant testing and approval per [[mw:Writing an extension for deployment]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 16:35, 7 October 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Disable (some) page creation by temporary accounts == {{closed|As of now, unregistered users can no longer create non-discussion pages. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:27, 5 November 2026 (UTC)}} {{tracked|T443449|resolved}} Creating a new book, or adding a chapter to an existing book, is a significant action, and users performing this action should be available to discuss it. Additionally, in practice, most page creations by temp accounts are out of scope, if not outright vandalism. (See https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=create for some examples.) As such, I'd like to propose that the wiki require a registered account to create pages in any non-talk namespace. Temporary accounts will still be able to edit existing pages, or to create talk pages to start discussions. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:48, 1 October 2026 (UTC) : From a technical point of view, this would require moving <code>createpage</code> from unregistered users (<code><nowiki>*</nowiki></code>) to registered users (<code>user</code>), but that would mean every non-registered user may not be able to create pages in every namespace, but talk pages. : Another solution would be to add [[mw:Extension:ArticleCreationWorkflow]] to this project, but we don't have a system to create drafts (or similar). : And a final solution would be to create an edit filter disallowing unregistered users from creating pages in mainspace. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:43, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :: Just to note, please read the first point of [[m:Limits to configuration changes#Changes that are likely to be declined]] (Disable non-autoconfirmed page creation). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:50, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :::What I'm proposing is that we require a registered account for page creation, not autoconfirmed. enwiki (as well as a few other wikis) already use this configuration - it's not new. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:58, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :::: Okay, but I provided some alternatives above. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 20:06, 1 October 2026 (UTC) : In that case, I have no objections here. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:03, 6 October 2026 (UTC) :I would propose the use of autoconfirmed, to better patrol new pages that are being created. There are countless advertisement pages being created on Wikibooks, usually in the user's userpage. The use of a registered account proposed by Omphalographer therefore may have some limitations. I agree with the proposal to make new pages strictly autoconfirmed. If a user wishes to create a page, there could be a feature for reviewers/patrollers to check such pages that are being created. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 13:36, 9 October 2026 (UTC) :: You might want to read my point about limits to configuration changes. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:53, 9 October 2026 (UTC) :Why turn off potential good contributors by telling them they must register AND log-in in order to contribute? The problem at Wikibooks right now is the dearth of contributions, not vandalism, I think (?). :* Anons are already precluded from editing pages that have been "protected" by admins. :* Anon user contributions are automatically marked for Review before they become public :* There are less than 500 anon accounts that have contributed more than one edit to Wikibooks? :Is it really necessary to stop us from contributing to Wikibooks? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 00:19, 10 October 2026 (UTC) :: {{ping|~2026-40500-29}} The initial question was not whether registered accounts can contribute, it is whether temporary accounts can create pages. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:48, 10 October 2026 (UTC) :::Isn't the creation of new pages a subset of potential contributions to Wikibooks? Are you saying that some members in good standing of this community are only allowed to correct obvious spelling and grammar mistakes by others? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 19:23, 11 October 2026 (UTC) ::::That message was to {{comment}} that this discussion was about creating pages, not about whether anonymous users can contribute. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 07:22, 13 October 2026 (UTC) :: @[[User:~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]], is your response considered an objection? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:55, 27 October 2026 (UTC) :Limiting page creation to registered users might reduce new spam/promotional/out of scope pages. I disagree with 2026-405000-29 that requiring account registration is unnecessarily burdensome for new editors. :I don't know where the number <500 anon accounts have contributed more than one edit comes from and it seems unlikely to me: that would mean there have only been 23 anon editors per year since wikibooks was founded. Looking at Special:RecentChanges there seems to be four or five anon editors a day. :Overall I think it is a reasonable restriction. I can't speak to the technical aspects of this change (re configuration changes, vs. autoconfirmed patrolling, etc) but if it is easy to implement I support it. [[User:JCrue|JCrue]] ([[User talk:JCrue|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JCrue|contribs]]) 10:13, 12 October 2026 (UTC) ::i think setting limitations to configuration changes would affect those who are unregistered users.anyway it is ::a good idea though but let's think about it outside the box [[User:Luhesa Kahuma|Luhesa Kahuma]] ([[User talk:Luhesa Kahuma|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Luhesa Kahuma|contribs]]) 22:47, 30 October 2026 (UTC) : I see consensus here to implement this change, but I will wait one more day before I implement the patch on Gerrit. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 22:02, 2 November 2026 (UTC) :{{done|I filed [[phab:T443449]]}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:40, 3 November 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Add inactivity policies for patrollers and uploaders? == I am proposing that we include inactivity policies for both patrollers and uploaders, which include no edits or logged actions for two years. I previously proposed this for [now former] reviewers, but someone probably objected. Now, if their rights are removed for inactivity, they can request them back at [[WB:RFP]] (without prejudice), unless the rights were removed for cause (such as a vote of confidence). Edit: Someone also proposed inactivity policies for importers (and possibly import uploaders too), which are sensitive permissions. I initially forgot to include that permission when creating this proposal, but now I am also proposing for importer permissions to have an inactivity policy. Which procedure should we choose if we agree on the inactivity policy proposals? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 22:18, 18 October 2026 (UTC) : {{Oppose}} - There is no need for inactivity policies for patrollers and uploaders, since there is no harm in keeping patrollers and uploaders in the current roles. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:09, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :: I have to disagree here. Some larger projects have their own inactivity policies for patrollers, such as [[m:Meta:Patrollers#Removal of access]] on Meta-Wiki and [[w:en:WP:NPPREVOKE]] (new page reviewers on English Wikipedia, a similar permission). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 00:34, 20 October 2026 (UTC) ::: CC to @[[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]], who was previously TechVindicator. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:01, 27 October 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]: I will say that it seems odd to propose these policies for patrollers and uploaders without proposing an equivalent for [[WB:importers|importers]], when that's arguably a far more sensitive role. I do at least support an inactivity policy for importers, and am as yet neutral vis-à-vis patrollers and uploaders. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 02:05, 21 October 2026 (UTC) :: @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] I've edited my proposal to also include both importers and import uploaders. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:29, 22 October 2026 (UTC) == Approving [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]] as a policy == I created this draft policy two years ago, and would like to see whether the community is willing to approve it now. I have substituted it in its current form (00:16, 20 October 2026 (UTC)) below: {{hidden archive top|Policy text}} Sometimes, there will be a book that has a lot of information that was very useful at the time, but has become out of date over time. There are generally two procedures that can be followed here. ;For books that aren't up to date, but can be reasonably updated This category applies to books that, for instance, have not been updated with new information in a few years, but where the subject still exists and new information can be found about it. In this scenario, you should add the {{tlx|Outdated}} tag to the top of the book, and post on its discussion page explaining what should be updated. Or, you can always just [[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]] and update it yourself! ;For books that cannot be reasonably updated This category includes books that are so outdated that their subject either no longer exists, or has changed so much since the book was written that it is virtually unrecognizable, and it would be nearly impossible to update it satisfactorily. These books should generally not be deleted, as they do provide valuable information, but should not be easily accessible to readers looking for recent information. Here, the following instructions should be followed. If the case is unambiguous: # Add {{tlx|Archived}} to the top of the book. Doing this will also remove it from search engine indexes, unless you override this by using {{tlx|Archived|2=noindex=false}}. # Move the book to a subpage of [[Wikibooks:Outdated books/Archive]]. # Replace the content of the redirect left behind after the move with {{tlx|Soft redirect|2=Wikibooks:Outdated books/Archive/<book title>}}. # (''optional'') Inform the author(s) of the book of your decision. If the case is ambiguous: Follow these steps if there is any reasonable doubt about if the book can be updated. # Follow the instructions at {{Section link|Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Deletion}} to file a request. Make sure to note that the request is for archiving, not deletion. # The proposal for archiving will be discussed. # If consensus has been reached to archive the book, any uninvolved user may close the discussion and follow the instructions in {{Section link|#If the case is unambiguous}}. Otherwise, the book will remain as is. {{hidden archive bottom}} [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 20 October 2026 (UTC) : I have a question, is there any difference if we approve this as a guideline (common sense) compared to as a policy? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 00:24, 20 October 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]: That would also be fine; I'm not exactly sure if the delineation between guidelines and policies on Wikibooks is as clearly defined as on Wikipedia. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:27, 20 October 2026 (UTC) ::: I would suggest approving this as a guideline should an experienced, yet uninvolved editor may use their judgment and common sense when dealing with outdated books. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 00:29, 20 October 2026 (UTC) : {{support}} for approval as a guideline, as I said and mentioned above. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:45, 27 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} as guideline —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:22, 5 November 2026 (UTC) == Wikibooks Magazine == I am proposing that we create a magazine quarterly, or bimonthly detailing latest news on Wikibooks (and maybe ''some'' current affairs, considering the shutdown of Wikinews, though this is unlikely). <br> If it were to be approved, it would be inspired by the WikiKids magazine in Dutch [https://wikikids.nl/Wikikids:Magazine/11 link], though with a Wikibooks feel. A user could propose something for the next Wikibooks Magazine on the talk page of [[Wikibooks:Magazine]], including ideas for the next Wikibooks magazine. It would be promoted on the front page (and maybe) on the MediaWiki Sitenotice, providing information about the next edition. On Wikikids, the project has been going on since 2024, and since then there have been 11 editions. What do you think? [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:20, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Courtesy ping|Codename Noreste}} [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:36, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Courtesy ping|JJPMaster}} [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:04, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :I '''weak support''' a '''quarterly''' publication. There isn't a ton of activity here compared to many other <abbr>WMF</abbr> wikis, so there won't be quite as much to report as there is at (e.g.) [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST]] or [[:wikt:en:WIktionary:The Headword]] but that said, having a publication could encourage engagement by showing what hard work others are doing. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 19:36, 21 October 2026 (UTC) : Because of the low activity, should the releases be biannual (every six months)? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:29, 22 October 2026 (UTC) ::I would support a quarterly publication, given the fact that Wikibooks does not have enough traffic (in my opinion) to justify a bimonthly publication, but, at the same time, the idea of a biannual publication seems relatively infrequent. Furthermore, the magazine would follow the quarterly format used on WikiKids. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 03:47, 23 October 2026 (UTC) : We can do that with [[Wikibooks:Magazine]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:00, 27 October 2026 (UTC) ::I will create a page about what the Wikibooks Magazine on the page provided, and the editions that will follow. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 07:32, 28 October 2026 (UTC) == Discussion on whether to create an extended mover user group == Currently, patrollers (formerly reviewers) have the <code>suppressredirect</code> user right as well as a rate limit per InitialiseSettings.php. However, I am consulting with the community if we: # Remove <code>suppressredirect</code> from patrollers # Add <code>suppressredirect</code> to <code>extendedmover</code> as well as include <code>delete-redirect</code> (for deleting redirects with a single revision) and <code>move-subpages</code> (to move all subpages of a book in a single action) # Also include <code>noratelimit</code> to <code>extendedmover</code> instead of using a custom rate limit (optional), or increase the limit to 500 This is because, per the principle of least privilege, patrollers should be responsible for marking new pages as patrolled and reverting vandalism/spam, while extended movers are trustworthy users (usually non-admins) responsible for moving books, et al. <s>This is ''not'' a proposal to implement the extended mover user group, but rather a community consultation.</s> Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:48, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]: Relevant prior discussion can be found [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals/2020/December#Suppress redirect feature|here]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 20:21, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :Oppose, don't see the point. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 11:12, 3 November 2026 (UTC) :: Oddly enough, while patrollers have a rate limit of moving more pages in under a minute, they do not have <code>move-subpages</code> (which allows them to move a book and its subpages in a single action). Without that mechanism to move subpages, they will have to perform some additional moves by hand. Because of that, I said that <code>move-subpages</code> will be added to the extended mover user group. Since that user group is considered a somewhat privileged (non-admin) user group, it will be granted to trustworthy users who have a demonstrated need for it, provided that they have a history of moving pages without causing some sort of disruption during the process. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:43, 3 November 2026 (UTC) :::Why not just add it in the patroller group? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 16:47, 5 November 2026 (UTC) :::: Because I believe <code>move-subpages</code> can arguably be considered a sensitive user right which may be prone to page move vandalism or other misuse, and correct me if I'm wrong but some patrollers have experience with moving pages, while others may use <code>patrol</code> and <code>rollback</code> solely to perform anti-vandalism and patrolling duties. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:02, 5 November 2026 (UTC) :What are the current requirements to become a patroller? The same as what we used to have for reviewers? And, do we have currently have prerequisites for <code>extendedmover</code>? Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:27, 5 November 2026 (UTC) ::# For now, I would suggest we utilize the same requirements as we did with reviewers, but we do NOT have autopromotion. ::# Typically, a candidate for <code>extendedmover</code> should and must have a history of moving pages without causing disruption, or have made lots of requests to admins to move whole books. A prerequesite is that the candidate must have patroller rights. :: [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:31, 5 November 2026 (UTC) == Enabling wgUseRCPatrol == Some of our sister projects have <code><nowiki>wgUseRCPatrol</nowiki></code> enabled, but on the other hand, we do not. I think we should enable this so that we can also focus on reviewing edits in the recent changes, not just new pages. [[Wikibooks:Patrolling]] can also include information about this once we enable it here. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:39, 27 October 2026 (UTC) : {{support}}. This would mimic the functionality of FlaggedRevs when reviewing pages and would help detect vandalism much easier. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 04:35, 2 November 2026 (UTC) : {{support}} per above.--[[User:TunnelESON|TunnelESON]] ([[User talk:TunnelESON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TunnelESON|contribs]]) 03:20, 5 November 2026 (UTC) == Approve [[Wikibooks:Manual of Style]] == [[Wikibooks:Manual of Style]] is technically still only a draft, though in many ways we use it as a guideline. I'm therefore opening a community discussion here with the goal of approving it as a guideline. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:10, 7 November 2026 (UTC) rb17hc1wqp7t3ucwosdndcczgjigaqp 4680863 4680794 2026-11-08T05:55:59Z Koavf 16549 /* Approve Wikibooks:Manual of Style */ Reply 4680863 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:RFC|WB:PROPOSALS}} {{TOC left<!--|limit=2-->}} Welcome to the '''Proposals reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about suggestions for improving Wikibooks. {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(120d) |counter = 1 |key = 1f2adc5eee951900b65c7b981b786191 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 }} {{clear}} <!--Take threads to archive below this line--> <!--Add new threads to bottom of page--> == New gadget to browse subpages == {{closed|Has been implemented —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:24, 5 November 2026 (UTC)}}Hi all! I developed a gadget to easily browse subpages through a collapsible menu, that I think might be useful in Wikibooks. Here's a little demo video: [[File:Subpages_gadget_demo.webm|frameless]] To test it yourself, add the following to [[Special:MyPage/common.js|your common.js]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' ); </syntaxhighlight> If you find it useful, I can enable it as a gadget to make it generally available from the preferences. Thoughts? Cheers! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :Wikibooks relies heavily on subpages, so this is a nice addition. Merci. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 16:43, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :This could be extremely useful for books here!! I'll note, though, that it doesn't work quite right with the vector legacy skin (what I use). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:20, 3 July 2026 (UTC) : @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] I will be the one in charge installing this as a gadget since there is no objection, but what dependecies does this gadget need to use? You might also want to read Kittycataclysm's suggestion above. ''Muchos saludos''. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:08, 9 July 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] Hi! I just fixed the issue with Vector legacy and also for other skins. Regarding dependencies, this gadget requires <code>mediawiki.api</code> and <code>@wikimedia/codex</code>. If you want to take care of the installation, please do not copy-paste the source code, but rather load the global version using <code>mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' );</code>, like other [[mw:Global gadgets|global gadgets]]. Thanks! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 14:22, 22 July 2026 (UTC) ::: I put the code on the gadgets definition page @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]], but feel free to fix what I placed. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:45, 22 July 2026 (UTC) ::::Just checking in here—was this resolved/completed? I see [[MediaWiki:Gadget-Subpages.js]], and I assume everything is now taken care of in terms of WB-wide installation? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:14, 30 October 2026 (UTC) ::::: This was already resolved, feel free to close this. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:09, 30 October 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Breadcrumbs in the title == Hi! I think breadcrumbs would be more intuitive, compact and cleaner if they were integrated into the title rather than below it, like so: <gallery> Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (before).png|Current breadcrumbs Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (after).png|Proposed breadcrumbs </gallery> What do you think? [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 17 August 2026 (UTC) :I appreciate the effort, but I don't see a big difference or that one would be more usable than another. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 19:14, 17 August 2026 (UTC) :I like proposal and I think it would be an improvement. Having the breadcrumbs twice, as in the current system, creates a redundant ui element. I also think the formatting around the forward slashes in the "new" version better conveys that they have specific technical meaning and are not part of the name of the page. --[[User:JCrue|JCrue]] ([[User talk:JCrue|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JCrue|contribs]]) 14:52, 7 October 2026 (UTC) == Approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? == Some of the text was based off of the global CheckUser policy, but in this case, should we approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? There is a special clause allowing stewards to perform checks even during non-emergency situations (as set in [[Wikibooks:Global rights policy]]). I have yet to include a part where users may request CU checks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 21:55, 13 September 2026 (UTC) :I'm somewhat just unsure on what the benefit of making this policy would be. Sure, there's strength in policy, of course. But this seems to be doing fine overall as an information page, no? It doesn't differ very much from the global CU policy, so I'm not sure that a page without any Wikibooks-specific information really benefits from policy status. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 00:22, 14 September 2026 (UTC) :I would {{support}} this. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:26, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == FlaggedRevs again == {{closed|[[phab:T440519]] was done, sending FlaggedRevs down to the void. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:52, 27 October 2026 (UTC)}} <div class="cd-moveMark">''Moved from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#FlaggedRevs again]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:01, 1 October 2026 (UTC)''</div> Hi all. I already know there were various topics over the years about this subject, but I was considering for the project on whether we should remove this extension from this project, and go back to using MediaWiki's page patrol system. Currently, there is a backlog of more than 3000 unreviewed edits (some going back as far as a few years ago); that’s why I started this discussion here. {{collapse top}} * <code>autoreview</code> and <code>editor</code> would be <code>autopatrolled</code> and <code>patroller</code>, respectively. * <code>wgUseNPPatrol</code> and <code>wgUseFilePatrol</code> would be re-enabled for English Wikibooks. * <code>autopatrol</code> and <code>patrol</code> would be re-assigned back to sysops and their respective user groups. * <code>patroller</code> would also have <code>rollback</code> and <code>suppressredirect</code> and its rate limit untouched. {{collapse bottom}} Best, [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 12:56, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{s}} the removal of FlaggedRevs. Inasmuch as the extension works at all, it works best when it is used selectively on projects like Wikipedia, for individual high-traffic pages with lots of watchers which are subject to vandalism or controversy. Wikibooks is not a good use case for this extension. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 15:51, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :{{s}} I don't see any way that backlog ever gets cleared, frankly, and if it isn't going to be cleared, we might as well go to something easier, which is the normal page patrol system, which works well off of [[Special:NewPages]] already. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 00:31, 3 October 2026 (UTC) :{{neutral}} - Wikibooks is not a good use case for this extension, and with 3000 unreviewed edits with no progress at all, it does make sense to remove it. On the other hand, there could be a WikiProject to review each of these edits. For this reason, I am voting neutral [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 13:41, 3 October 2026 (UTC) :: There was the outdated [[Wikibooks:New page patrol]] before this project used FlaggedRevs. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:22, 3 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} the removal of FlaggedRevs from Wikibooks. It's a redundant extension that's not useful in this wiki. --[[User:Agusbou2015|Agusbou2015]] ([[User talk:Agusbou2015|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Agusbou2015|contribs]]) 21:53, 3 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Support}}. Several years ago I spent hundreds of hours trying to do the first review of every page. I managed to get all the root pages done but only got as far as "E" for the other pages. While I was doing this I stopped reviewing changes - and in that time over a 1,000 out of date pages were in the list. I concluded it was an impossible task unless lots of people joined in the work but that didn't happen and I doubt it ever will. I do think it has value for Wikijunior in showing the last reviewed page rather than the possibly offensively vandalised latest revision, but other than that it's a waste of time. At some point the extension will get fully deprecated and we'll be forced to stop using it anyway. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:53, 6 October 2026 (UTC) :Will <code>patroller</code> be granted automatically? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 13:24, 6 October 2026 (UTC) :: Unfortunately, no. Since we will stop using FlaggedRevs, the patroller user group will not be granted automatically and thus will have to be manually given out by administrators. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:46, 6 October 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]: And are we planning on giving back the <code>patroller</code> right to existing reviewers? Or will they have to manually reapply? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 02:30, 8 October 2026 (UTC) :::: I have a plan: any former reviewer who has been active recently in the past two years will have patroller rights. This will be done to reduce a huge amount of inactive former reviewers. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 12:26, 8 October 2026 (UTC) ::::Keep the name the same; just remove the reviewer right. After all, patrolling is a form of reviewing. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 18:52, 8 October 2026 (UTC) ::::: Do we have to use the term {{tq|reviewing}} instead of {{tq|patrolling}}? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:57, 8 October 2026 (UTC) :::{{ping|Codename Noreste}} Is there a reason that we should not simply give the reviewer group the <code>patrol</code> right, and keep the auto-granting going? [[Wikibooks:Reviewers#Automatic criteria]] does not appear to be FlaggedRevs-specific, so auto-promotion should still be able to continue even without FlaggedRevs, and reviewers could simply become patrollers (in the technical sense). [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 07:55, 10 October 2026 (UTC) :::: I believe that would require some additional code on InitialiseSettings.php, and as for <code>reviewer</code>, I'm not sure we should still use that user group term over <code>patroller</code> as per the point {{tq|Special groups on small wikis}} on [[m:Limits to configuration changes]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:58, 10 October 2026 (UTC) : If you take a look at the extended content, I also included what I also proposed too. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:19, 6 October 2026 (UTC) :{{comment}}. The [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]] is not recommended for production use, per Mediawiki. On this basis alone we should discontinue use of it. However, we haven't determined if page patrolling is the best replacement. There are [[mw:Content approval extensions|alternative extensions]] and the mediawiki page for FlaggedRevs specifically recommends [[mw:Extension:Approved Revs|'''Approved Revs extension''']]. We should determine which of page patrolling or these extensions is the most appropriate antivandalism tool first. (after all, according to [[Help:Tracking_changes#Reviewing_pages]], the purpose of FlaggedRevs is to be "our primary counter-vandalism tool"). --[[User:JCrue|JCrue]] ([[User talk:JCrue|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JCrue|contribs]]) 14:48, 7 October 2026 (UTC) :: Approved Revs would require significant testing and approval per [[mw:Writing an extension for deployment]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 16:35, 7 October 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Disable (some) page creation by temporary accounts == {{closed|As of now, unregistered users can no longer create non-discussion pages. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:27, 5 November 2026 (UTC)}} {{tracked|T443449|resolved}} Creating a new book, or adding a chapter to an existing book, is a significant action, and users performing this action should be available to discuss it. Additionally, in practice, most page creations by temp accounts are out of scope, if not outright vandalism. (See https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=create for some examples.) As such, I'd like to propose that the wiki require a registered account to create pages in any non-talk namespace. Temporary accounts will still be able to edit existing pages, or to create talk pages to start discussions. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:48, 1 October 2026 (UTC) : From a technical point of view, this would require moving <code>createpage</code> from unregistered users (<code><nowiki>*</nowiki></code>) to registered users (<code>user</code>), but that would mean every non-registered user may not be able to create pages in every namespace, but talk pages. : Another solution would be to add [[mw:Extension:ArticleCreationWorkflow]] to this project, but we don't have a system to create drafts (or similar). : And a final solution would be to create an edit filter disallowing unregistered users from creating pages in mainspace. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:43, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :: Just to note, please read the first point of [[m:Limits to configuration changes#Changes that are likely to be declined]] (Disable non-autoconfirmed page creation). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:50, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :::What I'm proposing is that we require a registered account for page creation, not autoconfirmed. enwiki (as well as a few other wikis) already use this configuration - it's not new. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:58, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :::: Okay, but I provided some alternatives above. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 20:06, 1 October 2026 (UTC) : In that case, I have no objections here. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:03, 6 October 2026 (UTC) :I would propose the use of autoconfirmed, to better patrol new pages that are being created. There are countless advertisement pages being created on Wikibooks, usually in the user's userpage. The use of a registered account proposed by Omphalographer therefore may have some limitations. I agree with the proposal to make new pages strictly autoconfirmed. If a user wishes to create a page, there could be a feature for reviewers/patrollers to check such pages that are being created. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 13:36, 9 October 2026 (UTC) :: You might want to read my point about limits to configuration changes. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:53, 9 October 2026 (UTC) :Why turn off potential good contributors by telling them they must register AND log-in in order to contribute? The problem at Wikibooks right now is the dearth of contributions, not vandalism, I think (?). :* Anons are already precluded from editing pages that have been "protected" by admins. :* Anon user contributions are automatically marked for Review before they become public :* There are less than 500 anon accounts that have contributed more than one edit to Wikibooks? :Is it really necessary to stop us from contributing to Wikibooks? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 00:19, 10 October 2026 (UTC) :: {{ping|~2026-40500-29}} The initial question was not whether registered accounts can contribute, it is whether temporary accounts can create pages. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:48, 10 October 2026 (UTC) :::Isn't the creation of new pages a subset of potential contributions to Wikibooks? Are you saying that some members in good standing of this community are only allowed to correct obvious spelling and grammar mistakes by others? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 19:23, 11 October 2026 (UTC) ::::That message was to {{comment}} that this discussion was about creating pages, not about whether anonymous users can contribute. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 07:22, 13 October 2026 (UTC) :: @[[User:~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]], is your response considered an objection? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:55, 27 October 2026 (UTC) :Limiting page creation to registered users might reduce new spam/promotional/out of scope pages. I disagree with 2026-405000-29 that requiring account registration is unnecessarily burdensome for new editors. :I don't know where the number <500 anon accounts have contributed more than one edit comes from and it seems unlikely to me: that would mean there have only been 23 anon editors per year since wikibooks was founded. Looking at Special:RecentChanges there seems to be four or five anon editors a day. :Overall I think it is a reasonable restriction. I can't speak to the technical aspects of this change (re configuration changes, vs. autoconfirmed patrolling, etc) but if it is easy to implement I support it. [[User:JCrue|JCrue]] ([[User talk:JCrue|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JCrue|contribs]]) 10:13, 12 October 2026 (UTC) ::i think setting limitations to configuration changes would affect those who are unregistered users.anyway it is ::a good idea though but let's think about it outside the box [[User:Luhesa Kahuma|Luhesa Kahuma]] ([[User talk:Luhesa Kahuma|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Luhesa Kahuma|contribs]]) 22:47, 30 October 2026 (UTC) : I see consensus here to implement this change, but I will wait one more day before I implement the patch on Gerrit. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 22:02, 2 November 2026 (UTC) :{{done|I filed [[phab:T443449]]}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:40, 3 November 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Add inactivity policies for patrollers and uploaders? == I am proposing that we include inactivity policies for both patrollers and uploaders, which include no edits or logged actions for two years. I previously proposed this for [now former] reviewers, but someone probably objected. Now, if their rights are removed for inactivity, they can request them back at [[WB:RFP]] (without prejudice), unless the rights were removed for cause (such as a vote of confidence). Edit: Someone also proposed inactivity policies for importers (and possibly import uploaders too), which are sensitive permissions. I initially forgot to include that permission when creating this proposal, but now I am also proposing for importer permissions to have an inactivity policy. Which procedure should we choose if we agree on the inactivity policy proposals? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 22:18, 18 October 2026 (UTC) : {{Oppose}} - There is no need for inactivity policies for patrollers and uploaders, since there is no harm in keeping patrollers and uploaders in the current roles. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:09, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :: I have to disagree here. Some larger projects have their own inactivity policies for patrollers, such as [[m:Meta:Patrollers#Removal of access]] on Meta-Wiki and [[w:en:WP:NPPREVOKE]] (new page reviewers on English Wikipedia, a similar permission). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 00:34, 20 October 2026 (UTC) ::: CC to @[[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]], who was previously TechVindicator. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:01, 27 October 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]: I will say that it seems odd to propose these policies for patrollers and uploaders without proposing an equivalent for [[WB:importers|importers]], when that's arguably a far more sensitive role. I do at least support an inactivity policy for importers, and am as yet neutral vis-à-vis patrollers and uploaders. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 02:05, 21 October 2026 (UTC) :: @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] I've edited my proposal to also include both importers and import uploaders. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:29, 22 October 2026 (UTC) == Approving [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]] as a policy == I created this draft policy two years ago, and would like to see whether the community is willing to approve it now. I have substituted it in its current form (00:16, 20 October 2026 (UTC)) below: {{hidden archive top|Policy text}} Sometimes, there will be a book that has a lot of information that was very useful at the time, but has become out of date over time. There are generally two procedures that can be followed here. ;For books that aren't up to date, but can be reasonably updated This category applies to books that, for instance, have not been updated with new information in a few years, but where the subject still exists and new information can be found about it. In this scenario, you should add the {{tlx|Outdated}} tag to the top of the book, and post on its discussion page explaining what should be updated. Or, you can always just [[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]] and update it yourself! ;For books that cannot be reasonably updated This category includes books that are so outdated that their subject either no longer exists, or has changed so much since the book was written that it is virtually unrecognizable, and it would be nearly impossible to update it satisfactorily. These books should generally not be deleted, as they do provide valuable information, but should not be easily accessible to readers looking for recent information. Here, the following instructions should be followed. If the case is unambiguous: # Add {{tlx|Archived}} to the top of the book. Doing this will also remove it from search engine indexes, unless you override this by using {{tlx|Archived|2=noindex=false}}. # Move the book to a subpage of [[Wikibooks:Outdated books/Archive]]. # Replace the content of the redirect left behind after the move with {{tlx|Soft redirect|2=Wikibooks:Outdated books/Archive/<book title>}}. # (''optional'') Inform the author(s) of the book of your decision. If the case is ambiguous: Follow these steps if there is any reasonable doubt about if the book can be updated. # Follow the instructions at {{Section link|Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Deletion}} to file a request. Make sure to note that the request is for archiving, not deletion. # The proposal for archiving will be discussed. # If consensus has been reached to archive the book, any uninvolved user may close the discussion and follow the instructions in {{Section link|#If the case is unambiguous}}. Otherwise, the book will remain as is. {{hidden archive bottom}} [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 20 October 2026 (UTC) : I have a question, is there any difference if we approve this as a guideline (common sense) compared to as a policy? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 00:24, 20 October 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]: That would also be fine; I'm not exactly sure if the delineation between guidelines and policies on Wikibooks is as clearly defined as on Wikipedia. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:27, 20 October 2026 (UTC) ::: I would suggest approving this as a guideline should an experienced, yet uninvolved editor may use their judgment and common sense when dealing with outdated books. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 00:29, 20 October 2026 (UTC) : {{support}} for approval as a guideline, as I said and mentioned above. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:45, 27 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} as guideline —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:22, 5 November 2026 (UTC) == Wikibooks Magazine == I am proposing that we create a magazine quarterly, or bimonthly detailing latest news on Wikibooks (and maybe ''some'' current affairs, considering the shutdown of Wikinews, though this is unlikely). <br> If it were to be approved, it would be inspired by the WikiKids magazine in Dutch [https://wikikids.nl/Wikikids:Magazine/11 link], though with a Wikibooks feel. A user could propose something for the next Wikibooks Magazine on the talk page of [[Wikibooks:Magazine]], including ideas for the next Wikibooks magazine. It would be promoted on the front page (and maybe) on the MediaWiki Sitenotice, providing information about the next edition. On Wikikids, the project has been going on since 2024, and since then there have been 11 editions. What do you think? [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:20, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Courtesy ping|Codename Noreste}} [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:36, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Courtesy ping|JJPMaster}} [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:04, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :I '''weak support''' a '''quarterly''' publication. There isn't a ton of activity here compared to many other <abbr>WMF</abbr> wikis, so there won't be quite as much to report as there is at (e.g.) [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST]] or [[:wikt:en:WIktionary:The Headword]] but that said, having a publication could encourage engagement by showing what hard work others are doing. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 19:36, 21 October 2026 (UTC) : Because of the low activity, should the releases be biannual (every six months)? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:29, 22 October 2026 (UTC) ::I would support a quarterly publication, given the fact that Wikibooks does not have enough traffic (in my opinion) to justify a bimonthly publication, but, at the same time, the idea of a biannual publication seems relatively infrequent. Furthermore, the magazine would follow the quarterly format used on WikiKids. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 03:47, 23 October 2026 (UTC) : We can do that with [[Wikibooks:Magazine]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:00, 27 October 2026 (UTC) ::I will create a page about what the Wikibooks Magazine on the page provided, and the editions that will follow. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 07:32, 28 October 2026 (UTC) == Discussion on whether to create an extended mover user group == Currently, patrollers (formerly reviewers) have the <code>suppressredirect</code> user right as well as a rate limit per InitialiseSettings.php. However, I am consulting with the community if we: # Remove <code>suppressredirect</code> from patrollers # Add <code>suppressredirect</code> to <code>extendedmover</code> as well as include <code>delete-redirect</code> (for deleting redirects with a single revision) and <code>move-subpages</code> (to move all subpages of a book in a single action) # Also include <code>noratelimit</code> to <code>extendedmover</code> instead of using a custom rate limit (optional), or increase the limit to 500 This is because, per the principle of least privilege, patrollers should be responsible for marking new pages as patrolled and reverting vandalism/spam, while extended movers are trustworthy users (usually non-admins) responsible for moving books, et al. <s>This is ''not'' a proposal to implement the extended mover user group, but rather a community consultation.</s> Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:48, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]: Relevant prior discussion can be found [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals/2020/December#Suppress redirect feature|here]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 20:21, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :Oppose, don't see the point. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 11:12, 3 November 2026 (UTC) :: Oddly enough, while patrollers have a rate limit of moving more pages in under a minute, they do not have <code>move-subpages</code> (which allows them to move a book and its subpages in a single action). Without that mechanism to move subpages, they will have to perform some additional moves by hand. Because of that, I said that <code>move-subpages</code> will be added to the extended mover user group. Since that user group is considered a somewhat privileged (non-admin) user group, it will be granted to trustworthy users who have a demonstrated need for it, provided that they have a history of moving pages without causing some sort of disruption during the process. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:43, 3 November 2026 (UTC) :::Why not just add it in the patroller group? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 16:47, 5 November 2026 (UTC) :::: Because I believe <code>move-subpages</code> can arguably be considered a sensitive user right which may be prone to page move vandalism or other misuse, and correct me if I'm wrong but some patrollers have experience with moving pages, while others may use <code>patrol</code> and <code>rollback</code> solely to perform anti-vandalism and patrolling duties. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:02, 5 November 2026 (UTC) :What are the current requirements to become a patroller? The same as what we used to have for reviewers? And, do we have currently have prerequisites for <code>extendedmover</code>? Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:27, 5 November 2026 (UTC) ::# For now, I would suggest we utilize the same requirements as we did with reviewers, but we do NOT have autopromotion. ::# Typically, a candidate for <code>extendedmover</code> should and must have a history of moving pages without causing disruption, or have made lots of requests to admins to move whole books. A prerequesite is that the candidate must have patroller rights. :: [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:31, 5 November 2026 (UTC) == Enabling wgUseRCPatrol == Some of our sister projects have <code><nowiki>wgUseRCPatrol</nowiki></code> enabled, but on the other hand, we do not. I think we should enable this so that we can also focus on reviewing edits in the recent changes, not just new pages. [[Wikibooks:Patrolling]] can also include information about this once we enable it here. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:39, 27 October 2026 (UTC) : {{support}}. This would mimic the functionality of FlaggedRevs when reviewing pages and would help detect vandalism much easier. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 04:35, 2 November 2026 (UTC) : {{support}} per above.--[[User:TunnelESON|TunnelESON]] ([[User talk:TunnelESON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TunnelESON|contribs]]) 03:20, 5 November 2026 (UTC) == Approve [[Wikibooks:Manual of Style]] == [[Wikibooks:Manual of Style]] is technically still only a draft, though in many ways we use it as a guideline. I'm therefore opening a community discussion here with the goal of approving it as a guideline. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:10, 7 November 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 05:55, 8 November 2026 (UTC) gzpg7rz7mguhd0mj2el4oi616qg4ikb 0 176853 4680696 4659987 2026-11-07T16:24:59Z ~2026-59419-88 3630726 Changed "radical" in the x-sampa chart to laryngeal, this is proper IPA notation 4680696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navlist/Top}} '''CXS''', or '''Conlang X-SAMPA''', is an encoding of the International Phonetic Alphabet into 7-bit ASCII. CXS is a slightly modifed form of X-SAMPA, an encoding proposed in 1995 by a British phonetician, John C. Wells; the modifications have been devised by and for the members of the CONLANG mailing list &mdash; whose name gave rise to the word ''conlang'' used in this book, and thus indirectly to all the other uses of prefix ''con-'' in the Conworld series of wikibooks. <!-- {{Wikipedia|Conlang X-SAMPA}} --> == Sounds == Click on the name of a sound in these tables to hear the sound. If a sound isn't available here, its name is shown in <span style="color:red;">red</span>. If the sound files don't play on your computer, see [[w:Wikipedia:Media help]]. You may notice that many of the red links have long names. A design priority for the CXS encoding is to give the shortest names to the most commonly encoded sounds &mdash; which means that the most unusual sounds, most likely not to have sound files available here, are also most likely to have longer names. === Consonant sounds === In the table of pulmonic consonants, for each place and manner of articulation (column and row), there may be an unvoiced consonant and a voiced consonant. Unvoiced consonants appear on the left side of that cell in the table, voiced consonants on the right. {| class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align: center" ! colspan=17 | Consonants (pulmonic) |- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em" | style="font-size: 90%;" | Place of articulation &rarr; ! colspan=2 | Labial ! colspan=4 | Coronal ! colspan=4 | Dorsal ! colspan="6" | Laryngeal |- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 3em" | style="font-size: 90%;" | Manner of articulation &darr; ! style="width: 4em;" | Bi­la­bial ! style="width: 4em;" | La­bio-<br/>den­tal ! style="width: 4em;" | Den­tal ! style="width: 4em;" | Al­veo­lar ! style="width: 4em;" | Post-<br/>al­veo­lar ! style="width: 4em;" | Re­tro-<br/>flex ! style="width: 4em;" | Pa­la­tal ! style="width: 4em;" | Ve­lar ! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | Uvu­lar ! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | Pha­ryn-<br/>geal ! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | Epi-<br/>glot­tal ! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | Glot­tal |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Nasal | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Bilabial nasal.ogg|{{CXS|m}}]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Labiodental nasal.ogg|{{CXS|F}}]] | colspan="3" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Alveolar nasal.ogg|{{CXS|n}}]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Retroflex nasal.ogg|{{CXS|n`}}]] | |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Palatal nasal.ogg|{{CXS|J}}]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Velar nasal.ogg|{{CXS|N}}]] | colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Uvular nasal.ogg|{{CXS|N\}}]] | colspan="6" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Plosive | [[Media:Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg|{{CXS|p}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg|{{CXS|b}}]] | [[Media:Voiceless labiodental plosive.ogg|{{CXS|p_d}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced labiodental plosive.ogg|{{CXS|b_d}}]] | colspan="3" |[[Media:Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg|{{CXS|t}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg|{{CXS|d}}]] | [[Media:Voiceless retroflex stop.oga|{{CXS|t`}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced retroflex stop.oga|{{CXS|d`}}]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiceless palatal plosive.ogg|{{CXS|c}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced palatal plosive.ogg|{{CXS|J\}}]] | [[Media:Voiceless velar plosive.ogg|{{CXS|k}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced velar plosive.ogg|{{CXS|g}}]] | colspan="2" | [[Media:Voiceless uvular plosive.ogg|{{CXS|q}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced uvular stop.oga|{{CXS|G\}}]] | colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | | style="width: 1em;" | [[Media:Glottal stop.ogg|{{CXS|?}}]] | style="width: 1em; background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Fricative | [[Media:Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg|{{CXS|p\}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced bilabial fricative.ogg|{{CXS|B}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp; | [[Media:Voiceless labiodental fricative.ogg|{{CXS|f}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced labiodental fricative.ogg|{{CXS|v}}]] | [[Media:Voiceless dental fricative.ogg|{{CXS|T}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced dental fricative.ogg|{{CXS|D}}]] | [[Media:Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg|{{CXS|s}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg|{{CXS|z}}]] | [[Media:Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg|{{CXS|S}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg|{{CXS|Z}}]] | [[Media:Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg|{{CXS|s`}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg|{{CXS|z`}}]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg|{{CXS|C}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced palatal fricative.ogg|{{CXS|j\}}]] | [[Media:Voiceless velar fricative.ogg|{{CXS|x}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced velar fricative.ogg|{{CXS|G}}]] | style="width: 1em;" | [[Media:Voiceless uvular fricative.ogg|{{CXS|X}}]] | rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[Media:Voiced uvular fricative.ogg|{{CXS|R}}]] | style="width: 1em;" | [[Media:Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg|{{CXS|X\}}]] | rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[Media:Voiced pharyngeal fricative.ogg|{{CXS|?\}}]] | style="width: 1em;" | [[Media:Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg|{{CXS|H\}}]] | rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[Media:Voiced epiglottal fricative.ogg|{{CXS|<\}}]] | rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Media:Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg|{{CXS|h}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced glottal fricative.ogg|{{CXS|h\}}]] |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Approx­imant | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Bilabial approximant.ogg|{{CXS|B_o}}]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Labiodental approximant.ogg|{{CXS|P}}]] | colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Alveolar approximant.ogg|{{CXS|r\}}]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Retroflex approximant.ogg|{{CXS|r\`}}]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Palatal approximant.ogg|{{CXS|j}}]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced velar approximant.ogg|{{CXS|M\}}]] | &nbsp; | &nbsp; | &nbsp; |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Trill | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Bilabial trill.ogg|{{CXS|B\}}]] | &nbsp; | colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Alveolar trill.ogg|{{CXS|r}}]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;<!--Media:retroflex trill.ogg--><span style="color:red;">{{CXS|r`r)}}</span> | &nbsp; | style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Uvular trill.ogg|{{CXS|R\}}]] | colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!--Media:epiglottal trill.ogg--><span style="color:red;">{{CXS|>\:}}</span> | colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Tap or Flap | | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!--Media:bilabial flap.ogg--><span style="color:red;">{{CXS|v_X_+}}</span> | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Labiodental flap.ogg|{{CXS|v_X}}]] | colspan="3" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Alveolar tap.ogg|{{CXS|4}}]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Retroflex flap.ogg|{{CXS|r`}}]] | &nbsp; | style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Epiglottal flap.oga|{{CXS|>\_X}}]] | colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Lateral Fricative | colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | | colspan="3" | &nbsp;[[Media:Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg|{{CXS|K}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg|{{CXS|K\}}]] | [[Media:Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative.ogg|{{CXS|K`}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | [[Media:Voiceless palatal lateral fricative.ogg|{{CXS|L_0_r}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | [[Media:Voiceless velar lateral fricative.ogg|{{CXS|L\_0_r}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="7" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Lateral Approx­imant | colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | | colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg|{{CXS|l}}]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Retroflex lateral approximant.ogg|{{CXS|l`}}]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Palatal lateral approximant.ogg|{{CXS|L}}]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Velar lateral approximant.ogg|{{CXS|L\}}]] | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="7" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Lateral Flap | colspan=2 style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; | colspan=3 | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Media:Alveolar lateral flap.ogg|{{CXS|l\}}]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!--Media:retroflex lateral flap.ogg--><span style="color:red;">{{CXS|l\`}}</span> | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!--Media:palatal lateral flap.ogg--><span style="color:red;">{{CXS|L_X}}</span> | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!--Media:velar lateral flap.ogg--><span style="color:red;">{{CXS|L\_X}}</span> | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="7" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; |} Alternative notation '''{{CXS|v\}}''' can be used for '''{{CXS|P}}''' (the labiodental approximant). {| class="wikitable" ! colspan=2 | Coarticulated |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; width:2em;" | [[Media:Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg|{{CXS|W}}]] | Voiceless labialized velar approximant |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg|{{CXS|w}}]] | Voiced labialized velar approximant |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | | Voiced labialized palatal approximant |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg|{{CXS|s\}}]] | Voiceless palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg|{{CXS|z\}}]] | Voiced palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative.ogg|{{CXS|x\}}]] | Voiceless "palatal-velar" fricative |} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan=2 | Affricates and double articulation |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate.oga|{{CXS|ts}}]] | voiceless alveolar affricate |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate.oga|{{CXS|dz}}]] | voiced alveolar affricate |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg|{{CXS|tS}}]] | voiceless postalveolar affricate |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiced postalveolar affricate.ogg|{{CXS|dZ}}]] | voiced postalveolar affricate |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg|{{CXS|ts\}}]] | voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg|{{CXS|dz\}}]] | voiced alveolo-palatal affricate |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate.ogg|{{CXS|tK}}]] | voiceless alveolar lateral affricate |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiceless labial-velar plosive.ogg|{{CXS|kp}}]] | voiceless labial-velar plosive |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiced labial-velar plosive.ogg|{{CXS|gb}}]] | voiced labial-velar plosive |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Labial-velar nasal stop.ogg|{{CXS|Nm}}]] | labial-velar nasal stop |} The joining of the two sounds in an affricate or double articulation can be notated explicitly by following the second with a right paren, as in /{{CXS|tS)}}/. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan=6 | Consonants (non-pulmonic) |- valign=top ! colspan="2" | Clicks ! colspan="2" | Implosives ! colspan="2" | Ejectives |- valign=top | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; width:2.5em;" | [[Media:Bilabial click.ogg|{{CXS|O\}}]] | Bilabial | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; width:2.5em;" | [[Media:Voiced bilabial implosive.ogg|{{CXS|b_<}}]] | Bilabial | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; width:2.5em;" | {{CXS|_>}} | ''For example:'' |- valign=top | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Dental click.ogg|{{CXS|&#x7c;\}}]] | Laminal alveolar ("dental") | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiced alveolar implosive.ogg|{{CXS|d_<}}]] | Alveolar | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Bilabial ejective plosive.ogg|{{CXS|p_>}}]] | Bilabial |- valign=top | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Postalveolar click.ogg|{{CXS|!\}}]] | Apical (post-) alveolar ("retroflex") | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiced palatal implosive.ogg|{{CXS|J\_<}}]] | Palatal | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Alveolar ejective plosive.ogg|{{CXS|t_>}}]] | Alveolar |- valign=top | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Palatoalveolar click.ogg|{{CXS|{{=}}\}}]] | Laminal postalveolar ("palatal") | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiced velar implosive.ogg|{{CXS|g_<}}]] | Velar | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Velar ejective plosive.ogg|{{CXS|k_>}}]] | Velar |- valign=top | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Alveolar lateral click.ogg|{{CXS|&#x7c;\&#x7c;\}}]] | Lateral coronal ("lateral") | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Voiced uvular implosive.ogg|{{CXS|G\_<}}]] | Uvular | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[Media:Alveolar ejective fricative.ogg|{{CXS|s_>}}]] | Alveolar fricative |} === Vowel sounds === At each point in the chart, the vowel to the left of the "•" is unrounded, the vowel to the right is rounded. The symbols for the mid central and near-open central vowels do not distinguish between rounded and unrounded forms. <div style="background:transparent;color:inherit"> {| class="nounderlines" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding=0 style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit" |- style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;" || | style="width:60px;" | '''Front''' | style="width:60px;" | '''Near-front''' | style="width:60px;" | '''Central''' | style="width:60px;" | '''Near-back''' | style="width:60px;" | '''Back''' |- | style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close''' | style="height:210px;" colspan=5 rowspan=7 | <div style="position:relative;width:300px;height:210px;">[[File:Blank vowel trapezoid.png|300px]]<div style="background:transparent;color:inherit; position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px;"> {| style="position:relative; width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;" |- | style="width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;" | <!-- CLOSE VOWELS --> <div style="position:absolute; left:5%; width:2.33em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> [[Media:Close front unrounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|i}}]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Media:Close front rounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|y}}]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:42%; width:3.2em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> [[Media:Close central unrounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|i\}}]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Media:Close central rounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|u\}}]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:82%; width:3em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> [[Media:Close back unrounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|M}}]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Media:Close back rounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|u}}]]</div> <!-- NEAR-CLOSE VOWELS --> <div style="position:absolute; left:28%; width:2.33em; top:16%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> [[Media:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|I}}]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Media:Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|Y}}]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:45%; width:2.66em; top:16%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> [[Media:Near-close central unrounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|I\}}]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;<!--Media:Near-close central rounded vowel.ogg--><span style="color:red;">{{CXS|U\}}</span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 69%; width: 1.5em; top: 16%; height: 1.33em; font-size: 120%; background: white;{{Text default color}};">•&nbsp;[[Media:Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|U}}]]</div> <!-- CLOSE-MID VOWELS --> <div style="position:absolute; left:16%; width:2.66em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> [[Media:Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|e}}]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Media:Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|2}}]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:48%; width:2.8em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> [[Media:Close-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|@\}}]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Media:Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|8}}]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:83%; width:2.66em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> [[Media:Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|7}}]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Media:Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|o}}]]</div> <!-- MID VOWELS --> <!-- <div style="position:absolute; left:23%; width:2.66em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> (e&nbsp;•&nbsp;ø)</div> --> <div style="position:absolute; left:57.5%; width:1em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> [[Media:Mid-central vowel.ogg|{{CXS|@}}]]</div> <!-- <div style="position:absolute; left:83%; width:2.66em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> (~&nbsp;•&nbsp;o)</div> --> <!-- OPEN-MID VOWELS --> <div style="position:absolute; left:29.5%; width:2.66em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> [[Media:Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|E}}]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Media:Open-mid front rounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|9}}]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:58%; width:2.5em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> [[Media:Open-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|3}}]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Media:Open-mid central rounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|3\}}]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:84.5%; width:2.33em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> [[Media:Open-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|V}}]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Media:Open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|O}}]]</div> <!-- NEAR-OPEN VOWELS --> <div style="position:absolute; left:37%; width:1.66em; top:73%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> [[Media:Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|&amp;}}]]&nbsp;•</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:64.2%; width:1em; top:73%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> [[Media:Near-open central vowel.ogg|{{CXS|6}}]]</div> <!-- OPEN VOWELS --> <div style="position:absolute; left:43%; width:2.66em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> [[Media:Open front unrounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|a}}]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Media:Open front rounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|&amp;\}}]]</div> <!-- <div style="position:absolute; left:67%; width:1.33em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> (a)</div> --> <div style="position:absolute; left:83.8%; width:2.66em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> [[Media:Open back unrounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|A}}]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Media:Open back rounded vowel.ogg|{{CXS|Q}}]]</div> |} </div></div> |- | style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Near-close''' |- | style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close-mid''' |- | style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Mid''' |- | style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open-mid''' |- | style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Near-open''' |- | style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open''' |} </div> == Diacritics and suprasegmentals == A diacritic is a modifier added to a sound symbol to either alter or more specifically describe the sound. In CXS, all diacritics are suffixes after the symbol. All but four of the CXS diacritics are sequences of two or more characters starting with underscore (the other four being the single-character diacritics '''{{CXS|~}}''' '''{{CXS|{{=}}}}''' '''{{CXS|;}}''' and '''{{CXS|`}}'''). A suprasegmental is a symbol that describes a feature of language sound above the level of consonants and vowels, such as prosody, tone, length, or stress. {| class="IPA wikitable" ! colspan=4|Syllabicity diacritics |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; width:2em;" | {{CXS|{{=}}}} | Syllabic | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; width:2em;" | {{CXS|_^}} | Non-syllabic |- ! colspan=4|Consonant-release diacritics |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_h}} | Aspirated | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_}<nowiki />}} | No audible release |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_n}} | Nasal release | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_l}} | Lateral release |- ! colspan=4|Phonation diacritics |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_0}} | Voiceless | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_v}} | Voiced |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_t}} | Breathy voiced | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_k}} | Creaky voiced |- ! colspan=4|Articulation diacritics |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_d}} | Dental | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_N}} | Linguolabial |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_a}} | Apical | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_m}} | Laminal |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_+}} | Advanced | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_-}} | Retracted |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_"}} | Centralized | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_x}} | Mid-centralized |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_r}} | Raised | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_o}} | Lowered |- ! colspan=4|Co-articulation diacritics |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_O}} | More rounded | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_c}} | Less rounded |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_w}} | Labialized or labio-velarized | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|;}} | Palatalized |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_G}} | Velarized | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_?\}} | Pharyngealized |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_e}} | colspan=3 | Velarized ''or'' pharyngealized |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_A}} | Advanced tongue root | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_q}} | Retracted tongue root |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|~}} | colspan=3 | Nasalized |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|`}} | colspan=3 | Retroflex (consonants), rhotacized (vowels) |} Some conlangers use '''{{CXS|_j}}''' for palatalization instead of '''{{CXS|;}}'''. <!-- Here are some non-conlanger-specific notes, that might eventually be worked in here or later. Voiced diacritic with a voiced consonant (such as /{{CXS|d_v}}/) may be used to indicate ''stiff'' voice, a slighly narrower glottal opening than modal voice (modal voice = ordinary voicing) but not as narrow as creaky voice. Voiceless diacritic with an unvoiced consonant (such as /{{CXS|d_o}}/) may be used to indicate ''slack'' voice (a.k.a. ''lax'' voice), a slightly wider glottal opening than modal voice but not as wide as breathy voice. Some people use the breathy voice diacritic instead of the aspirated diacritic. --> {| class="IPA wikitable" ! colspan=4|Length, stress, and rhythm |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; width:2em;" | {{CXS|'}} | Primary stress (symbol goes<br/> before stressed syllable) | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; width:2em;" | {{CXS|,}} | Secondary stress (symbol goes<br/> before stressed syllable) |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|:}} | Long (long vowel or<br/>geminate consonant) | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|:\}} | Half-long |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_X}} | colspan=3 | Extra-short |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|.}} | Syllable break | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|-\}} | Linking (absence of a break) |- ! colspan=4|Intonation (prosody) |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|<nowiki>|</nowiki>}} | Minor (foot) break | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|<nowiki>||</nowiki>}} | Major (intonation) break |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|<R>}} | Global rise | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|<F>}} | Global fall |- ! colspan=4|Tone diacritics and tone letters |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_T}} | Extra high tone | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|^}} | colspan=3 | Upstep |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_H}} | High tone | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_R}} | Rising tone |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_M}} | Mid | | |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_L}} | Low tone | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_F}} | Falling tone |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|_B}} | Extra low / bottom | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|!}} | Downstep |} Some conlangers use '''{{CXS|"}}''' for primary stress and '''{{CXS|%}}''' for secondary stress, instead of '''{{CXS|'}}''' and '''{{CXS|,}}'''.<!-- ('''{{CXS|"}}''' and '''{{CXS|%}}''' are used in X-SAMPA, '''{{CXS|'}}''' and '''{{CXS|,}}''' are closer to the IPA symbols.)--> == Data tables == Here are tables of detailed data on CXS symbols and other notations, arranged alphabetically by CXS coding. The tables include translations of each notation to IPA; descriptions of the notations' meanings, with links to associated Wikipedia articles; and examples of words using the notations. For high-level explanations, and charts arranged by how the sounds are pronounced, see the [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#Comparison between CXS and IPA|next section]]. === Sounds === These sequences represent sounds. All CXS sequences starting with a letter or digit are here. {{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}}/CXS table |uppercase=1|lowercase=1|digit=1|special=1}} === Diacritics and suprasegmentals === These notations represent diacritics and other information (suprasegmentals). They are ordered by ''primary character'' &mdash; which is often the first character in the sequence, but is the second character if the sequence begins with an underscore (such as {{CXS|_F}}) or is an angle-bracketed letter (such as {{CXS|&lt;F&gt;}}). Letters are listed first, then digits, then non-alphanumerics. {{ {{BOOKTEMPLATE}}/CXS table |nonsymbol=1 }} == Comparison between CXS and IPA == IPA symbols that are ordinary lower-case letters are the same in CXS as in the IPA, and vice versa. CXS uses a following backslash as an escape character to create a new symbol. Often the new symbol is similar to the old in some way or other, as with the velar nasal '''{{CXS|N}}''' and uvular nasal '''{{CXS|N\}}''', but sometimes they have nothing to do with each other, as with the open-mid back rounded vowel '''{{CXS|O}}''' versus the bilabial click '''{{CXS|O\}}'''. IPA consonant symbols that are ordinary (small) upper-case letters are named in CXS by adding a backslash to the IPA symbol. IPA vowel symbols of this type (ordinary upper-case letters) are the same in CXS as in the IPA (no backslash added). === Consonants === {| class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align: center" ! colspan=17 | Consonants (pulmonic) |- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em" | style="font-size: 90%;" | Place of articulation &rarr; ! colspan=2 | Labial ! colspan=4 | Coronal ! colspan=4 | Dorsal ! colspan=4 | Radical ! colspan=2 | (none) |- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 3em" | style="font-size: 90%;" | Manner of articulation &darr; ! style="width: 4em;" | Bi­la­bial ! style="width: 4em;" | La­bio-<br/>den­tal ! style="width: 4em;" | Den­tal ! style="width: 4em;" | Al­veo­lar ! style="width: 4em;" | Post-<br/>al­veo­lar ! style="width: 4em;" | Re­tro-<br/>flex ! style="width: 4em;" | Pa­la­tal ! style="width: 4em;" | Ve­lar ! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | Uvu­lar ! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | Pha­ryn-<br/>geal ! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | Epi-<br/>glot­tal ! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | Glot­tal |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! valign="top" style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Nasal | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS m|{{CXS|m}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS m|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|m}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS F|{{CXS|F}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS F|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x271;}}</span>]] | colspan="3" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS n|{{CXS|n}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS n|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|n}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS n`|{{CXS|n`}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS n`|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x273;}}</span>]] | |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS J|{{CXS|J}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS J|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x272;}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS N|{{CXS|N}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS N|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x14B;}}</span>]] | colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS N\|{{CXS|N\}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS N\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x274;}}</span>]] | colspan="6" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! valign="top" style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Plosive | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS p|{{CXS|p}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS b|{{CXS|b}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS p|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|p}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS b|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|b}}</span>]] | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS p_d|{{CXS|p_d}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS b_d|{{CXS|b_d}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS p_d|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|p&#x32A;}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS b_d|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|b&#x32A;}}</span>]] | colspan="3" |[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS t|{{CXS|t}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS d|{{CXS|d}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS t|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|t}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS d|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|d}}</span>]] | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS t`|{{CXS|t`}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS d`|{{CXS|d`}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS t`|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x288;}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS d`|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x256;}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS c|{{CXS|c}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS J\|{{CXS|J\}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS c|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|c}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS J\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x25F;}}</span>]] | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS k|{{CXS|k}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS g|{{CXS|g}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS k|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|k}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS g|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x261;}}</span>]] | colspan="2" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS q|{{CXS|q}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS G\|{{CXS|G\}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS q|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|q}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS G\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x262;}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp; | colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS rightangle\|{{CXS|>\}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS rightangle\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x2A1;}}</span>]] | style="width: 1em;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS query|{{CXS|?}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS query|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x294;}}</span>]] | style="width: 1em; background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! valign="top" style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Fricative | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS p\|{{CXS|p\}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS B|{{CXS|B}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS p\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x278;}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS B|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x3B2;}}</span>]] | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS f|{{CXS|f}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS v|{{CXS|v}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS f|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|f}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS v|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|v}}</span>]] | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS T|{{CXS|T}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS D|{{CXS|D}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS T|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x3B8;}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS D|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x0F0;}}</span>]] | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS s|{{CXS|s}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS z|{{CXS|z}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS s|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|s}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS z|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|z}}</span>]] | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS S|{{CXS|S}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS Z|{{CXS|Z}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS S|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x283;}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS Z|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x292;}}</span>]] | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS s`|{{CXS|s`}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS z`|{{CXS|z`}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS s`|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x282;}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS z`|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x290;}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS C|{{CXS|C}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS j\|{{CXS|j\}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS C|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x0E7;}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS j\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x29D;}}</span>]] | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS x|{{CXS|x}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS G|{{CXS|G}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS x|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|x}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS G|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x263;}}</span>]] | style="width: 1em;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS X|{{CXS|X}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS X|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x3C7;}}</span>]] | rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS R|{{CXS|R}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS R|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x281;}}</span>]] | style="width: 1em;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS X\|{{CXS|X\}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS X\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x127;}}</span>]] | rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS query\|{{CXS|?\}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS query\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x295;}}</span>]] | style="width: 1em;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS H\|{{CXS|H\}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS H\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x29C;}}</span>]] | rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS leftangle\|{{CXS|<\}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS leftangle\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x2A2;}}</span>]] | rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS h|{{CXS|h}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS h\|{{CXS|h\}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS h|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|h}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS h\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x266;}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp; |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! valign="top" style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Approx­imant | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS B_o|{{CXS|B_o}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS B_o|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x3B2;&#x31E;}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS P|{{CXS|P}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS P|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x28B;}}</span>]] | colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS r\|{{CXS|r\}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS r\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x279;}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS r\`|{{CXS|r\`}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS r\`|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x27B;}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS j|{{CXS|j}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS j|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|j}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS M\|{{CXS|M\}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS M\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x270;}}</span>]] | &nbsp; | &nbsp; | &nbsp; |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! valign="top" style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Trill | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS B\|{{CXS|B\}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS B\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x299;}}</span>]] | &nbsp; | colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS r|{{CXS|r}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS r|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|r}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS r`r)|{{CXS|r`r)}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS r`r)|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x27D;&#x361;r}}</span>]] | &nbsp; | style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS R\|{{CXS|R\}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS R\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x280;}}</span>]] | colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS rightangle\:|{{CXS|&gt;\:}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS rightangle\:|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x42F;}}</span>]] | colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! valign="top" style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Tap or Flap | | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS v_X_+|{{CXS|v_X_+}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS v_X_+|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|v&#x31F;&#x306;}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS v_X|{{CXS|v_X}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS v_X|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|v&#x306;}}</span>]] | colspan="3" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS 4|{{CXS|4}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS 4|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x27E;}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS r`|{{CXS|r`}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS r`|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x27D;}}</span>]] | &nbsp; | style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS rightangle\_X|{{CXS|>\_X}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS rightangle\_X|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x2A1;&#x32F;}}</span>]] | colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! valign="top" style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Lateral Fricative | colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | | colspan="3" | &nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS K|{{CXS|K}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS K\|{{CXS|K\}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS K|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x26C;}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS K\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x26E;}}</span>]] | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS K`|{{CXS|K`}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS K`|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x26C;&#x322;}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS L_0_r|{{CXS|L_0_r}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS L_0_r|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x28E;&#x325;&#x2D4;}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS L\_0_r|{{CXS|L\_0_r}}]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS L\_0_r|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x29F;&#x31D;&#x30A;}}</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="7" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! valign="top" style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Lateral Approx­imant | colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | | colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS l|{{CXS|l}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS l|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|l}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS l`|{{CXS|l`}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS l`|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x26D;}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS L|{{CXS|L}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS L|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x28E;}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS L\|{{CXS|L\}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS L\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x29F;}}</span>]] | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="7" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; |- style="font-size: 120%;" ! valign="top" style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Lateral Flap | colspan=2 style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; | colspan=3 | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS l\|{{CXS|l\}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS l\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x27A;}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS l\`|{{CXS|l\`}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS l\`|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x27A;&#x322;}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS L_X|{{CXS|L_X}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS L_X|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x28E;&#x32F;}}</span>]] | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS L\_X|{{CXS|L\_X}}]]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS L\_X|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x29F;&#x306;}}</span>]] | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="7" style="background:#ccc;{{Text default color}};" | &nbsp; |} Alternative notation '''{{CXS|v\}}''' can be used for '''{{CXS|P}}''' (the labiodental approximant). <!-- Comment here on which of these IPA symbols are unofficial. Here's a list of the CXS names whose IPA equivalents had to be worked out because they don't have ''dedicated official'' IPA symbols, but some of them are constructed from official IPA elements even though they aren't dedicated symbols. There may also be yet another class of names to list, the ones that don't have official CXS names, and there is also the matter of lack of congruence between the CXS and IPA names. CXS names that don't have dedicated official IPA symbols: '''{{CXS|r`r)}}''' '''{{CXS|>\:}}''' '''{{CXS|v_X_+}}''' '''{{CXS|v_X}}''' '''{{CXS|>\_X}}''' '''{{CXS|K;}}''' '''{{CXS|L_0_r}}''' '''{{CXS|L\_0_r}}''' and '''{{CXS|l\`}}'''. The labiodental flap now has an IPA symbol, but the symbol for it isn't available yet (maybe a unicode thing?); the ad hoc IPA notation for it is used, but the ad hoc IPA notation for the bilabial flap is ''not'' used, because the recent addition of the labiodental flap has an associated recommentation to use the advanced diacritic on it for the bilabial flap. --> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan=2 | Coarticulated |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; width:2em;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS W|{{CXS|W}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS W|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x28D;}}</span>]] | valign="top" | Voiceless labialized velar approximant |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS w|{{CXS|w}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS w|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|w}}</span>]] | valign="top" | Voiced labialized velar approximant |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS H|{{CXS|H}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS H|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x265;}}</span>]] | valign="top" | Voiced labialized palatal approximant |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS s\|{{CXS|s\}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS s\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x255;}}</span>]] | valign="top" | Voiceless palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS z\|{{CXS|z\}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS z\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x291;}}</span>]] | valign="top" | Voiced palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS x\|{{CXS|x\}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS x\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&#x267;}}</span>]] | valign="top" | Voiceless "palatal-velar" fricative |} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan=2 | Affricates and double articulation |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS ts)|ts]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS ts)|<span style="font-size: 125%">t&#x361;s</span>]]}} | voiceless alveolar affricate |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS dz)|dz]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS dz)|<span style="font-size: 125%">d&#x361;z</span>}]]} | voiced alveolar affricate |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS tS)|tS]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS tS)|<span style="font-size: 125%">t&#x361;&#x283;</span>]]}} | voiceless postalveolar affricate |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS dZ)|dZ]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS dZ)|<span style="font-size: 125%">d&#x361;&#x292;</span>]]}} | voiced postalveolar affricate |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS ts\)|ts\]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS ts\)|<span style="font-size: 125%">t&#x361;&#x255;</span>]]}} | voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS dz\)|dz\]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS dz\)|<span style="font-size: 125%">d&#x361;&#x291;</span>]]}} | voiced alveolo-palatal affricate |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS tK)|tK]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS tK)|<span style="font-size: 125%">t&#x361;&#x26C;</span>]]}} | voiceless alveolar lateral affricate |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS kp)|kp]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS kp)|<span style="font-size: 125%">k&#x361;p</span>]]}} | voiceless labial-velar plosive |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS gb)|gb]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS gb)|<span style="font-size: 125%">&#x261;&#x361;b</span>]]}} | voiced labial-velar plosive |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS Nm)|Nm]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS Nm)|<span style="font-size: 125%">&#x14B;&#x361;m</span>]]}} | labial-velar nasal stop |} The joining of the two sounds in an affricate or double articulation can be notated explicitly by following the second with a right paren, as in /{{CXS|tS)}}/. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan=6 | Consonants (non-pulmonic) |- valign=top ! colspan="2" | Clicks ! colspan="2" | Implosives ! colspan="2" | Ejectives |- valign=top | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; width:2.5em;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS O\|O\]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS O\|<span style="font-size: 125%">&#x298;</span>]]}} | Bilabial | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; width:2.5em;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS b_leftangle|b_<]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS b_leftangle|<span style="font-size: 125%">&#x253;</span>]]}} | Bilabial | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; width:2.5em;" | {{CXS|_>}}<br>{{IPA|<span style="font-size: 125%">&#x2BC;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>}} | ''For example:'' |- valign=top | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS pipe\|&#x7c;\]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS pipe\|<span style="font-size: 125%">&#x1C0;</span>]]}} | Laminal alveolar ("dental") | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS d_leftangle|d_<]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS d_leftangle|<span style="font-size: 125%">&#x257;</span>]]}} | Alveolar | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS p_rightangle|p_>]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS p_rightangle|<span style="font-size: 125%">p&#x2BC;</span>]]}} | Bilabial |- valign=top | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS !\|!\]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS !\|<span style="font-size: 125%">!</span>]]}} | Apical (post-) alveolar ("retroflex") | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS J\_leftangle|J\_<]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS J\_leftangle|<span style="font-size: 125%">&#x284;</span>]]}} | Palatal | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS t_rightangle|t_>]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS t_rightangle|<span style="font-size: 125%">t&#x2BC;</span>]]}} | Alveolar |- valign=top | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|1=[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS equal\|=\]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS equal\|<span style="font-size: 125%">&#x1C2;</span>]]}} | Laminal postalveolar ("palatal") | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS g_leftangle|g_<]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS g_leftangle|<span style="font-size: 125%">&#x260;</span>]]}} | Velar | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS k_rightangle|k_>]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS k_rightangle|<span style="font-size: 125%">k&#x2BC;</span>]]}} | Velar |- valign=top | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS pipe\pipe\|&#x7c;\&#x7c;\]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS pipe\pipe\|<span style="font-size: 125%">&#x1C1;</span>]]}} | Lateral coronal ("lateral") | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS G\_leftangle|G\_<]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS G\_leftangle|<span style="font-size: 125%">&#x29B;</span>]]}} | Uvular | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS s_rightangle|s_>]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS s_rightangle|<span style="font-size: 125%">s&#x2BC;</span>]]}} | Alveolar fricative |} === Vowels === At each point in the chart, the vowel to the left of the "•" is unrounded, the vowel to the right is rounded. The symbols for the mid central and near-open central vowels do not distinguish between rounded and unrounded forms. <div style="background:transparent;color:iherit"> {| class="nounderlines" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding=0 style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;" |- style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;" || | style="width:120px;" | '''Front''' | style="width:120px;" | '''Near-front''' | style="width:120px;" | '''Central''' | style="width:120px;" | '''Near-back''' | style="width:120px;" | '''Back''' |- | style="height:60px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close''' | style="height:420px;" colspan=5 rowspan=7 | <div style="position:relative;width:600px;height:420px;">[[Image:Blank vowel trapezoid.png|600px]]<div style="background:transparent;color:inherit; position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px;"> {| style="position:relative; width:600px; height:420px; text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;" |- | style="width:600px; height:420px; text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;" | <!-- CLOSE VOWELS --> <div style="position:absolute; left:7.25%; width:2.33em; top:5%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS i|i]]}}&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS y|y]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS i|i]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS y|y]]}}</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:46%; width:3.2em; top:5%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS i\|i\]]}}&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS u\|u\]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS i\|&#x197;]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS u\|&#x289;]]}}</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:86%; width:3em; top:5%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS M|M]]}}&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS u|u]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS M|&#x26F;]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS u|u]]}}</div> <!-- NEAR-CLOSE VOWELS --> <div style="position:absolute; left:32%; width:2.33em; top:19%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS I|I]]}}&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS Y|Y]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS I|&#x26A;]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS Y|&#x28F;]]}}</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:49%; width:2.66em; top:19%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS I\|I\]]}}&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS U\|U\]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS I\|&#x26A;&#xA8;]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS U\|&#x28A;&#xA8;]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 72%; width: 1.5em; top: 19%; height: 2.67em; font-size: 120%; background: white;{{Text default color}};">•&nbsp;{{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS U|U]]}}<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS U|&#x28A;]]}}</div> <!-- CLOSE-MID VOWELS --> <div style="position:absolute; left:20%; width:2.66em; top:33%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS e|e]]}}&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS 2|2]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS e|e]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS 2|&#xF8;]]}}</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:52%; width:2.8em; top:33%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS @\|@\]]}}&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS 8|8]]}}<br/>&nbsp;{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS @\|&#x258;]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS 8|&#x275;]]}}</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:87%; width:2.66em; top:33%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS 7|7]]}}&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS o|o]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS 7|&#x264;]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS o|o]]}}</div> <!-- MID VOWELS --> <!-- <div style="position:absolute; left:27%; width:2.66em; top:47%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> (e&nbsp;•&nbsp;ø)</div> --> <div style="position:absolute; left:58.7%; width:1em; top:47%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS @|@]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS @|&#x18F;]]}}</div> <!-- <div style="position:absolute; left:87%; width:2.66em; top:47%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> (~&nbsp;•&nbsp;o)</div> --> <!-- OPEN-MID VOWELS --> <div style="position:absolute; left:33.5%; width:2.66em; top:61%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS E|E]]}}&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS 9|9]]}}<br/>&nbsp;{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS E|&#x25B;]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS 9|&#x153;]]}}</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:60.5%; width:2.5em; top:61%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS 3|3]]}}&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS 3\|3\]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS 3|&#x25C;]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS 3\|&#x25E;]]}}</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:87%; width:2.33em; top:61%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS V|V]]}}&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS O|O]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS V|&#x28C;]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS O|&#x254;]]}}</div> <!-- NEAR-OPEN VOWELS --> <div style="position:absolute; left:40.5%; width:1.66em; top:76%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS ampersand|&amp;]]}}&nbsp;•<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS ampersand|&#xE6;]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:65.5%; width:1em; top:76%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS 6|6]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS 6|&#x250;]]}}</div> <!-- OPEN VOWELS --> <div style="position:absolute; left:47%; width:2.66em; top:89%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS a|a]]}}&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS ampersand\|&amp;\]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS a|a]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS ampersand\|&#x276;]]}}</div> <!-- <div style="position:absolute; left:71%; width:1.33em; top:89%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> (a)</div> --> <div style="position:absolute; left:87%; width:2.66em; top:89%; height:2.67em; font-size:120%; background:white;{{Text default color}};"> {{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS A|A]]}}&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{CXS|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS Q|Q]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS A|&#x251;]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS Q|&#x252;]]}}</div> |} </div></div> |- | style="height:60px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Near-close''' |- | style="height:60px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close-mid''' |- | style="height:60px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Mid''' |- | style="height:60px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open-mid''' |- | style="height:60px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Near-open''' |- | style="height:60px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open''' |} </div> === Diacritics and suprasegmentals === {| class="IPA wikitable" ! colspan=4|Syllabicity diacritics |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; width:2em;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS equals|{{CXS|{{=}}}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS equals|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x329;}}</span>]] | Syllabic | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; width:2em;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore ^|{{CXS|_^}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore ^|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x32F;}}</span>]] | Non-syllabic |- ! colspan=4|Consonant-release diacritics |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore h|{{CXS|_h}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore h|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2B0;}}</span>]] | Aspirated | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore rightbrace|{{CXS|_}<nowiki />}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore rightbrace|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x31A;}}</span>]] | No audible release |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore n|{{CXS|_n}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore n|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x207F;}}</span>]] | Nasal release | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore l|{{CXS|_l}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore l|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2E1;}}</span>]] | Lateral release |- ! colspan=4|Phonation diacritics |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore 0|{{CXS|_0}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore 0|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x325;}}</span>]] | Voiceless | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore v|{{CXS|_v}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore v|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x32D;}}</span>]] | Voiced |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore t|{{CXS|_t}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore t|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x324;}}</span>]] | Breathy voiced | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore k|{{CXS|_k}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore k|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x330;}}</span>]] | Creaky voiced |- ! colspan=4|Articulation diacritics |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore d|{{CXS|_d}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore d|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x32A;}}</span>]] | Dental | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore N|{{CXS|_N}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore N|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x33C;}}</span>]] | Linguolabial |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore a|{{CXS|_a}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore a|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x33A;}}</span>]] | Apical | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore m|{{CXS|_m}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore m|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x33B;}}</span>]] | Laminal |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore +|{{CXS|_+}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore +|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x31F;}}</span>]] | Advanced | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore -|{{CXS|_-}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore -|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x320;}}</span>]] | Retracted |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore "|{{CXS|_"}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore "|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x308;}}</span>]] | Centralized | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore x|{{CXS|_x}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore x|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x33D;}}</span>]] | Mid-centralized |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore r|{{CXS|_r}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore r|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x31D;}}</span>]] | Raised | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore o|{{CXS|_o}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore o|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x31E;}}</span>]] | Lowered |- ! colspan=4|Co-articulation diacritics |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore O|{{CXS|_O}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore O|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x339;}}</span>]] | More rounded | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore c|{{CXS|_c}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore c|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x31C;}}</span>]] | Less rounded |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore w|{{CXS|_w}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore w|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2B7;}}</span>]] | Labialized or labio-velarized | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS ;|{{CXS|;}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS ;|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2B2;}}</span>]] | Palatalized |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore G|{{CXS|_G}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore G|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2E0;}}</span>]] | Velarized | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore ?\|{{CXS|_?\}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore ?\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2E4;}}</span>]] | Pharyngealized |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore e|{{CXS|_e}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore e|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x334;}}</span>]] | colspan=3 | Velarized ''or'' pharyngealized |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore A|{{CXS|_A}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore A|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x318;}}</span>]] | Advanced tongue root | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore q|{{CXS|_q}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore q|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x319;}}</span>]] | Retracted tongue root |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS ~|{{CXS|~}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS ~|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x303;}}</span>]] | colspan=3 | Nasalized |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS `|{{CXS|`}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS `|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2DE;}}</span>]] | colspan=3 | Retroflex (consonants), rhotacized (vowels) |} Some conlangers use '''{{CXS|_j}}''' for palatalization instead of '''{{CXS|;}}'''. <!-- Here are some non-conlanger-specific notes, that might eventually be worked in here or later. Voiced diacritic with a voiced consonant (such as /{{CXS|d_v}}/) may be used to indicate ''stiff'' voice, a slighly narrower glottal opening than modal voice (modal voice = ordinary voicing) but not as narrow as creaky voice. Voiceless diacritic with an unvoiced consonant (such as /{{CXS|d_o}}/) may be used to indicate ''slack'' voice (a.k.a. ''lax'' voice), a slightly wider glottal opening than modal voice but not as wide as breathy voice. Some people use the breathy voice diacritic instead of the aspirated diacritic. --> {| class="IPA wikitable" ! colspan=4|Length, stress, and rhythm |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; width:2em;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS quote|{{CXS|'}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS quote|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2C8;}}</span>]] | Primary stress (symbol goes<br/> before stressed syllable) | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; width:2em;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS ,|{{CXS|,}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS ,|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2CC;}}</span>]] | Secondary stress (symbol goes<br/> before stressed syllable) |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS :|{{CXS|:}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS :|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2D0;}}</span>]] | Long (long vowel or<br/>geminate consonant) | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS :\|{{CXS|:\}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS :\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2D1;}}</span>]] | Half-long |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore X|{{CXS|_X}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore X|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x306;}}</span>]] | colspan=3 | Extra-short |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS .|{{CXS|.}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS .|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;.}}</span>]] | Syllable break | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS -\|{{CXS|-\}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS -\|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x203F;}}</span>]] | Linking (absence of a break) |- ! colspan=4|Intonation (prosody) |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS pipe|{{CXS|<nowiki>|</nowiki>}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS pipe|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x7C;}}</span>]] | Minor (foot) break | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS pipepipe|{{CXS|<nowiki>||</nowiki>}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS pipepipe|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2016;}}</span>]] | Major (intonation) break |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS angled R|{{CXS|<R>}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS angled R|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2197;}}</span>]] | Global rise | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS angled F|{{CXS|<F>}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS angled F|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2198;}}</span>]] | Global fall |- ! colspan=4|Tone diacritics and tone letters |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore T|{{CXS|_T}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore T|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x30B; (or &#x2E5;)}}</span>]] | Extra high tone | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS ^|{{CXS|^}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS ^|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2191;}}</span>]] | colspan=3 | Upstep |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore H|{{CXS|_H}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore H|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x301; (or &#x2E6;)}}</span>]] | High tone | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore R|{{CXS|_R}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore R|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2C7;}}</span>]] | Rising tone |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore M|{{CXS|_M}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore M|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x304; (or &#x2E7;)}}</span>]] | Mid tone | | |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore L|{{CXS|_L}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore L|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x300; (or &#x2E8;)}}</span>]] | Low tone | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore F|{{CXS|_F}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore F|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x302;}}</span>]] | Falling tone |- | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore B|{{CXS|_B}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS underscore B|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x30F; (or &#x2E9;)}}</span>]] | Extra low / bottom | style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS !|{{CXS|!}}]]<br/>[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#CXS !|<span style="font-size: 125%;">{{IPA|&nbsp;&#x2193;}}</span>]] | Downstep |} Some conlangers use '''{{CXS|"}}''' for primary stress and '''{{CXS|%}}''' for secondary stress, instead of '''{{CXS|'}}''' and '''{{CXS|,}}'''.<!-- ('''{{CXS|"}}''' and '''{{CXS|%}}''' are used in X-SAMPA, '''{{CXS|'}}''' and '''{{CXS|,}}''' are closer to the IPA symbols.)--> <!-- == See also == * [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA) * [[International Phonetic Alphabet for English]] * [[SAMPA]], a language-specific predecessor of X-SAMPA. * [[Conlang XSAMPA|CXS]], an unofficial, extended version of X-SAMPA used for [[Constructed language|language construction]] * [[SAMPA chart for English]] * [[Kirshenbaum]] and [[WorldBet]], similar systems. * [[List of phonetics topics]] == External links == * [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/x-sampa.htm Computer-coding the IPA: A proposed extension of SAMPA] * [http://www.theiling.de/ipa/ Online converter between IPA and X-Sampa] * [http://www.let.rug.nl/~kleiweg/xsampa/ Web-based translator for X-SAMPA documents.] Produces Unicode text, XML text, PostScript, PDF, or LaTeX TIPA. --> {{Navlist/Bottom}} kmpuuakg7z0h2bh7381rkpe6lco3sgu 2 189868 4680730 4678714 2026-11-07T19:27:28Z Moby-Dick4000 198746 /* Italian-American cuisine */ 4680730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{user|Moby-Dick4000}} ==Sandbox== [[/Apollo 20 hoax]] [[/paella alicantina]] [[/Haggis]] [[/Spaghetti allo Scoglio]] [[/Spaghetti alla Chitarra]] [[/Marinara sauce]] [[/Valencian inspired paella]] [[/Ragu with pasta]] Singaporean chicken rice *http://allrecipes.com/Recipe/Singapore-Chicken-Rice/Detail.aspx ==Wikibooks== [[wikibooks:templates|Templates]] *{ { inuse } } [[wikipedia:wp:merging and moving pages#performing the merger|How to perform mergers]] [[wikipedia:wp:redirect|How to perform redirects]] [[Special:UserList|Find all Wikibooks users]] [[Cookbook:Policy|Cookbook Policy]] ===Procedure For Changing the Cookbook main page=== * Step 1: Edit [[Template:Featured recipe]] or [[Template:Featured ingredient]]. * Step 2: Purge the cache of the main cookbook page, by [http://en.wikibooks.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Cookbook:Table_of_Contents&action=purge clicking here]. This will allow non-logged in users to see the change. * Step 3: Add [[:Category:Featured recipes]] or [[:Category:Featured ingredients]] to the featured item. ==Ingredients== *[[cookbook:rice]] *[[cookbook:pasta]] *[[cookbook:potato]] *[[cookbook:tomato]] *[[cookbook:onion]] *[[cookbook:Bell Pepper]] *[[cookbook:Bivalve Preparation]] ==Recipes== [[cookbook:Healthy, Traditional Recipes]] ===[[cookbook:Asian Cuisine]]=== [[cookbook:Duck fried rice]] ===Hispanic recipes=== #[[cookbook:Paella Cooking Techniques]] F #[[cookbook:Paella Roja]] FC #[[cookbook:Cuisine of Puerto Rico]] #[[cookbook:Mastering the Art of Cooking Paellas]] F #[[cookbook:Cuisine of Spain]] #[[cookbook:Gambas al Ajillo]] F #[[cookbook:Fabes con Almejas]] FC #[[cookbook:Arroz con Pollo]] F #[[cookbook:Arroz Negro]] FC #[[cookbook:Paella Valenciana]] FC #[[cookbook:Paella de Marisco]] FC #[[Cookbook:Ají de Gallina]] F #[[cookbook:Arroz con Leche]] #[[cookbook:Arroz con Frijoles Negros]] F #[[cookbook:Black Beans and Rice]] #[[cookbook:Arroz Tapado]] F #[[cookbook:Sofrito]] #[[Cookbook:Spanish Omelet]] #[[Cookbook:Lechon asado]] #[[Cookbook:Tortilla Canaria]] FC #[[Cookbook:Valencian-Inspired Paella]] FC ===[[cookbook:Cuisine of Italy|Cuisine of Italy]]=== #[[cookbook:Baked Ziti]] #[[cookbook:Cannoli]] #[[cookbook:Caponata]] #[[cookbook:Marinara Sauce]] FC #[[cookbook:Ossobuco Alla Milanese]] F #[[cookbook:Risotto]] F #[[cookbook:Spaghetti alla Carbonara]] FC #[[cookbook:Spaghetti alla Puttanesca]] FC #[[cookbook:Spaghetti alle Vongole]] FC #[[cookbook:Spaghetti with Bolognese meat sauce]] #[[wikipedia:it:Spaghetti alle vongole]] (Italian Wikipedia) #[[wikipedia:it:Spaghetti alla puttanesca]] (Italian Wikipedia) #[[wikipedia:it:Pasta alla carbonara]] (Italian Wikipedia) ===[[cookbook:Cuisine of the United States|American cuisine]]=== #[[cookbook:Cuisine of the United States]] #[[cookbook:Long Island Roast Duckling]] FC #[[cookbook:New England Clam Chowder]] #[[cookbook:Whole, Roasted Turkey with Stuffing]] F #[[cookbook:Pumpkin Bread]] F #[[cookbook:Pancake]] #[[cookbook:Chocolate Chip Pancakes]] #[[cookbook:Whole-Wheat Pancakes]] C #[[cookbook:Succotash]] ====[[cookbook:Italian-American cuisine|Italian-American cuisine]]==== #[[cookbook:Cioppino]] #[[cookbook:Spaghetti and Meatballs]] #[[cookbook:Spaghetti with clams in white wine sauce]] #[[cookbook:New York City-style pizza]] #[[Cookbook:Meat and Sausage Ragu with Pasta]] ====[[cookbook:New York City cuisine|New York City cuisine]]==== #[[cookbook:Manhattan Clam Chowder]] F #[[cookbook:New York Cheesecake]] F #[[cookbook:New York City-style pizza]] F ====[[cookbook:Louisiana Creole cuisine|Louisiana Creole cuisine]]==== #[[cookbook:Jambalaya]] F #[[cookbook:Seafood Gumbo]] #[[cookbook:Gumbo]] #[[cookbook:Cajun Red Beans and Rice]] ===French cuisine=== #[[cookbook:Boeuf Bourguignon]] FC #[[cookbook:Bouillabaisse]] F #[[cookbook:Duck à l'Orange]] #[[cookbook:Duck Confit]] ==Non recipes== *[[Modern Greek]] *[[IB Computer Science]] *[[Movie Making Manual]] n43b2v56qkua1pv5eyxxqvwqxulq2n6 4680731 4680730 2026-11-07T19:27:55Z Moby-Dick4000 198746 /* Hispanic recipes */ 4680731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{user|Moby-Dick4000}} ==Sandbox== [[/Apollo 20 hoax]] [[/paella alicantina]] [[/Haggis]] [[/Spaghetti allo Scoglio]] [[/Spaghetti alla Chitarra]] [[/Marinara sauce]] [[/Valencian inspired paella]] [[/Ragu with pasta]] Singaporean chicken rice *http://allrecipes.com/Recipe/Singapore-Chicken-Rice/Detail.aspx ==Wikibooks== [[wikibooks:templates|Templates]] *{ { inuse } } [[wikipedia:wp:merging and moving pages#performing the merger|How to perform mergers]] [[wikipedia:wp:redirect|How to perform redirects]] [[Special:UserList|Find all Wikibooks users]] [[Cookbook:Policy|Cookbook Policy]] ===Procedure For Changing the Cookbook main page=== * Step 1: Edit [[Template:Featured recipe]] or [[Template:Featured ingredient]]. * Step 2: Purge the cache of the main cookbook page, by [http://en.wikibooks.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Cookbook:Table_of_Contents&action=purge clicking here]. This will allow non-logged in users to see the change. * Step 3: Add [[:Category:Featured recipes]] or [[:Category:Featured ingredients]] to the featured item. ==Ingredients== *[[cookbook:rice]] *[[cookbook:pasta]] *[[cookbook:potato]] *[[cookbook:tomato]] *[[cookbook:onion]] *[[cookbook:Bell Pepper]] *[[cookbook:Bivalve Preparation]] ==Recipes== [[cookbook:Healthy, Traditional Recipes]] ===[[cookbook:Asian Cuisine]]=== [[cookbook:Duck fried rice]] ===Hispanic recipes=== #[[cookbook:Paella Cooking Techniques]] F #[[cookbook:Paella Roja]] FC #[[cookbook:Cuisine of Puerto Rico]] #[[cookbook:Mastering the Art of Cooking Paellas]] F #[[cookbook:Cuisine of Spain]] #[[cookbook:Gambas al Ajillo]] F #[[cookbook:Fabes con Almejas]] FC #[[cookbook:Arroz con Pollo]] F #[[cookbook:Arroz Negro]] FC #[[cookbook:Paella Valenciana]] FC #[[cookbook:Paella de Marisco]] FC #[[Cookbook:Ají de Gallina]] F #[[cookbook:Arroz con Leche]] #[[cookbook:Arroz con Frijoles Negros]] F #[[cookbook:Black Beans and Rice]] #[[cookbook:Arroz Tapado]] F #[[cookbook:Sofrito]] #[[Cookbook:Spanish Omelet]] #[[Cookbook:Tortilla Canaria]] FC #[[Cookbook:Valencian-Inspired Paella]] FC ===[[cookbook:Cuisine of Italy|Cuisine of Italy]]=== #[[cookbook:Baked Ziti]] #[[cookbook:Cannoli]] #[[cookbook:Caponata]] #[[cookbook:Marinara Sauce]] FC #[[cookbook:Ossobuco Alla Milanese]] F #[[cookbook:Risotto]] F #[[cookbook:Spaghetti alla Carbonara]] FC #[[cookbook:Spaghetti alla Puttanesca]] FC #[[cookbook:Spaghetti alle Vongole]] FC #[[cookbook:Spaghetti with Bolognese meat sauce]] #[[wikipedia:it:Spaghetti alle vongole]] (Italian Wikipedia) #[[wikipedia:it:Spaghetti alla puttanesca]] (Italian Wikipedia) #[[wikipedia:it:Pasta alla carbonara]] (Italian Wikipedia) ===[[cookbook:Cuisine of the United States|American cuisine]]=== #[[cookbook:Cuisine of the United States]] #[[cookbook:Long Island Roast Duckling]] FC #[[cookbook:New England Clam Chowder]] #[[cookbook:Whole, Roasted Turkey with Stuffing]] F #[[cookbook:Pumpkin Bread]] F #[[cookbook:Pancake]] #[[cookbook:Chocolate Chip Pancakes]] #[[cookbook:Whole-Wheat Pancakes]] C #[[cookbook:Succotash]] ====[[cookbook:Italian-American cuisine|Italian-American cuisine]]==== #[[cookbook:Cioppino]] #[[cookbook:Spaghetti and Meatballs]] #[[cookbook:Spaghetti with clams in white wine sauce]] #[[cookbook:New York City-style pizza]] #[[Cookbook:Meat and Sausage Ragu with Pasta]] ====[[cookbook:New York City cuisine|New York City cuisine]]==== #[[cookbook:Manhattan Clam Chowder]] F #[[cookbook:New York Cheesecake]] F #[[cookbook:New York City-style pizza]] F ====[[cookbook:Louisiana Creole cuisine|Louisiana Creole cuisine]]==== #[[cookbook:Jambalaya]] F #[[cookbook:Seafood Gumbo]] #[[cookbook:Gumbo]] #[[cookbook:Cajun Red Beans and Rice]] ===French cuisine=== #[[cookbook:Boeuf Bourguignon]] FC #[[cookbook:Bouillabaisse]] F #[[cookbook:Duck à l'Orange]] #[[cookbook:Duck Confit]] ==Non recipes== *[[Modern Greek]] *[[IB Computer Science]] *[[Movie Making Manual]] 61x9pej43hxecytk5eewdpr4bvtxxgv 14 204746 4680777 1577268 2026-11-07T20:45:32Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 new key for [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines]]: "D" using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4680777 wikitext text/x-wiki This category contains drafts for Wikibooks policies and guidelines. Proposals are designated by placing {{tl|draft}} at the top of the draft. The template adds the page automatically to this category. Discussion on the proposal takes place on the draft talk page. [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines|D]] obuepfmdsutqbwui7fyqf6hbm7c2ox1 14 207320 4680741 1605925 2026-11-07T20:27:35Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Kittycataclysm moved page [[Category:Wikibooks review of policies and guidelines]] to [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines needing review]]: clarify category title +match others 1605925 wikitext text/x-wiki This category contains proposed [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines|Wikibooks policies and guidelines]] that should be reviewed by the community and are in need of a consensus decision. To add a proposal here, add {{tlx|review}} to its page. [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines]] 2h2zfziiilhc57309ahqj0dz8nkm48h 0 229801 4680849 4680379 2026-11-08T05:13:33Z ILYA125467 3627024 Fix 4680849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Brahmi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1100x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN VISARGA|&#x11002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&#x11003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN UPADHMANIYA|&#x11004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER A|&#x11005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER AA|&#x11006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER I|&#x11007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER II|&#x11008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER U|&#x11009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER UU|&#x1100a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x1100b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x1100c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x1100d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x1100e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER E|&#x1100f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1101x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER AI|&#x11010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER O|&#x11011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER AU|&#x11012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER KA|&#x11013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER KHA|&#x11014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER GA|&#x11015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER GHA|&#x11016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER NGA|&#x11017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER CA|&#x11018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER CHA|&#x11019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER JA|&#x1101a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER JHA|&#x1101b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER NYA|&#x1101c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER TTA|&#x1101d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER TTHA|&#x1101e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER DDA|&#x1101f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1102x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER DDHA|&#x11020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER NNA|&#x11021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER TA|&#x11022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER THA|&#x11023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER DA|&#x11024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER DHA|&#x11025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER NA|&#x11026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER PA|&#x11027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER PHA|&#x11028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER BA|&#x11029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER BHA|&#x1102a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER MA|&#x1102b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER YA|&#x1102c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER RA|&#x1102d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER LA|&#x1102e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER VA|&#x1102f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1103x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER SHA|&#x11030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER SSA|&#x11031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER SA|&#x11032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER HA|&#x11033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER LLA|&#x11034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL LLLA|&#x11035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL RRA|&#x11036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL NNNA|&#x11037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN BHATTIPROLU AA|&#x11039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1103a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x1103b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1103c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x1103d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x1103e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x1103f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1104x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x11040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x11041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VIRAMA|&nbsp;&#x11046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DANDA|&#x11047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x11048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI PUNCTUATION DOT|&#x11049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI PUNCTUATION DOUBLE DOT|&#x1104a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI PUNCTUATION LINE|&#x1104b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI PUNCTUATION CRESCENT BAR|&#x1104c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI PUNCTUATION LOTUS|&#x1104d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1105x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER ONE|&#x11052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER TWO|&#x11053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER THREE|&#x11054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER FOUR|&#x11055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER FIVE|&#x11056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER SIX|&#x11057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER SEVEN|&#x11058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER EIGHT|&#x11059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER NINE|&#x1105a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER TEN|&#x1105b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER TWENTY|&#x1105c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER THIRTY|&#x1105d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER FORTY|&#x1105e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER FIFTY|&#x1105f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1106x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER SIXTY|&#x11060;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x11061;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x11062;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER NINETY|&#x11063;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x11064;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#x11065;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT ZERO|&#x11066;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT ONE|&#x11067;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT TWO|&#x11068;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT THREE|&#x11069;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT FOUR|&#x1106a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT FIVE|&#x1106b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT SIX|&#x1106c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1106d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1106e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT NINE|&#x1106f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1107x |style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN OLD TAMIL VIRAMA|&#x11070;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL SHORT E|&#x11071;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL SHORT O|&#x11072;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN OLD TAMIL SHORT E|&#x11073;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN OLD TAMIL SHORT O|&#x11074;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL LLA|&#x11075;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI MINIMIZING VIRAMA|&#x1107e;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER JOINER|[BNJ]}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Kaithi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1108x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SIGN VISARGA|&#x11082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER A|&#x11083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER AA|&#x11084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER I|&#x11085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER II|&#x11086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER U|&#x11087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER UU|&#x11088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER E|&#x11089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER AI|&#x1108a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER O|&#x1108b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER AU|&#x1108c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER KA|&#x1108d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER KHA|&#x1108e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER GA|&#x1108f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1109x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER GHA|&#x11090;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER NGA|&#x11091;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER CA|&#x11092;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER CHA|&#x11093;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER JA|&#x11094;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER JHA|&#x11095;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER NYA|&#x11096;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER TTA|&#x11097;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER TTHA|&#x11098;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER DDA|&#x11099;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER DDDHA|&#x1109a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER DDHA|&#x1109b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER RHA|&#x1109c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER NNA|&#x1109d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER TA|&#x1109e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER THA|&#x1109f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|110Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER DA|&#x110a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER DHA|&#x110a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER NA|&#x110a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER PA|&#x110a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER PHA|&#x110a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER BA|&#x110a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER BHA|&#x110a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER MA|&#x110a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER YA|&#x110a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER RA|&#x110a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER LA|&#x110aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER VA|&#x110ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER SHA|&#x110ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER SSA|&#x110ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER SA|&#x110ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER HA|&#x110af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|110Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x110b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x110b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x110b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x110b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x110b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x110b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x110b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x110b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x110b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x110b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SIGN NUKTA|&#x110ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x110bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI ENUMERATION SIGN|&#x110bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI NUMBER SIGN|&#x110bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SECTION MARK|&#x110be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI DOUBLE SECTION MARK|&#x110bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|110Cx |style="background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI DANDA|&#x110c0;}}||style="background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x110c1;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x110c2;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI NUMBER SIGN ABOVE|&#x110cd;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sora Sompeng''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|110Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER SAH|&#x110d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER TAH|&#x110d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER BAH|&#x110d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER CAH|&#x110d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER DAH|&#x110d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER GAH|&#x110d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER MAH|&#x110d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER NGAH|&#x110d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER LAH|&#x110d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER NAH|&#x110d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER VAH|&#x110da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER PAH|&#x110db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER YAH|&#x110dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER RAH|&#x110dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER HAH|&#x110de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER KAH|&#x110df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|110Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER JAH|&#x110e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER NYAH|&#x110e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER AH|&#x110e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER EEH|&#x110e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER IH|&#x110e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER UH|&#x110e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER OH|&#x110e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER EH|&#x110e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER MAE|&#x110e8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|110Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT ZERO|&#x110f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT ONE|&#x110f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT TWO|&#x110f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT THREE|&#x110f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT FOUR|&#x110f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT FIVE|&#x110f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT SIX|&#x110f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT SEVEN|&#x110f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT EIGHT|&#x110f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT NINE|&#x110f9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Chakma''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1110x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA SIGN VISARGA|&#x11102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER AA|&#x11103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER I|&#x11104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER U|&#x11105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER E|&#x11106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER KAA|&#x11107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER KHAA|&#x11108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER GAA|&#x11109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER GHAA|&#x1110a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER NGAA|&#x1110b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER CAA|&#x1110c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER CHAA|&#x1110d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER JAA|&#x1110e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER JHAA|&#x1110f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1111x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER NYAA|&#x11110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER TTAA|&#x11111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER TTHAA|&#x11112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER DDAA|&#x11113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER DDHAA|&#x11114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER NNAA|&#x11115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER TAA|&#x11116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER THAA|&#x11117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER DAA|&#x11118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER DHAA|&#x11119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER NAA|&#x1111a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER PAA|&#x1111b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER PHAA|&#x1111c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER BAA|&#x1111d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER BHAA|&#x1111e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER MAA|&#x1111f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1112x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER YYAA|&#x11120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER YAA|&#x11121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER RAA|&#x11122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER LAA|&#x11123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER WAA|&#x11124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER SAA|&#x11125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER HAA|&#x11126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN A|&#x11127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1112a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x1112b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN E|&#x1112c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x1112d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN O|&#x1112e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x1112f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1113x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN OI|&#x11130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA O MARK|&#x11131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA AU MARK|&#x11132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VIRAMA|&#x11133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA MAAYYAA|&#x11134;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT ZERO|&#x11136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT ONE|&#x11137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT TWO|&#x11138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT THREE|&#x11139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT FOUR|&#x1113a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT FIVE|&#x1113b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT SIX|&#x1113c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1113d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1113e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT NINE|&#x1113f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1114x |style="background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA SECTION MARK|&#x11140;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DANDA|&#x11141;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DOUBLE DANDA|&#x11142;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA QUESTION MARK|&#x11143;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER LHAA|&#x11144;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11145;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN EI|&#x11146;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER VAA|&#x11147;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Mahajani''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1115x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER A|&#x11150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER I|&#x11151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER U|&#x11152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER E|&#x11153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER O|&#x11154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER KA|&#x11155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER KHA|&#x11156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER GA|&#x11157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER GHA|&#x11158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER CA|&#x11159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER CHA|&#x1115a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER JA|&#x1115b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER JHA|&#x1115c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER NYA|&#x1115d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER TTA|&#x1115e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER TTHA|&#x1115f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1116x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER DDA|&#x11160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER DDHA|&#x11161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER NNA|&#x11162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER TA|&#x11163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER THA|&#x11164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER DA|&#x11165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER DHA|&#x11166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER NA|&#x11167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER PA|&#x11168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER PHA|&#x11169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER BA|&#x1116a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER BHA|&#x1116b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER MA|&#x1116c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER RA|&#x1116d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER LA|&#x1116e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER VA|&#x1116f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1117x |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER SA|&#x11170;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER HA|&#x11171;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER RRA|&#x11172;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI SIGN NUKTA|&#x11173;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x11174;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI SECTION MARK|&#x11175;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LIGATURE SHRI|&#x11176;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sharada''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1118x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN VISARGA|&#x11182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER A|&#x11183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER AA|&#x11184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER I|&#x11185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER II|&#x11186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER U|&#x11187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER UU|&#x11188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x11189;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x1118a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x1118b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x1118c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER E|&#x1118d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER AI|&#x1118e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER O|&#x1118f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1119x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER AU|&#x11190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER KA|&#x11191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER KHA|&#x11192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER GA|&#x11193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER GHA|&#x11194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER NGA|&#x11195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER CA|&#x11196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER CHA|&#x11197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER JA|&#x11198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER JHA|&#x11199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER NYA|&#x1119a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER TTA|&#x1119b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER TTHA|&#x1119c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER DDA|&#x1119d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER DDHA|&#x1119e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER NNA|&#x1119f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|111Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER TA|&#x111a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER THA|&#x111a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER DA|&#x111a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER DHA|&#x111a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER NA|&#x111a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER PA|&#x111a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER PHA|&#x111a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER BA|&#x111a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER BHA|&#x111a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER MA|&#x111a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER YA|&#x111aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER RA|&#x111ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER LA|&#x111ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER LLA|&#x111ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER VA|&#x111ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER SHA|&#x111af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|111Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER SSA|&#x111b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER SA|&#x111b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER HA|&#x111b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x111b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN I|&#x111b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN II|&#x111b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN U|&#x111b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x111b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x111b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x111b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x111ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x111bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN E|&#x111bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x111bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN O|&#x111be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x111bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|111Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN VIRAMA|&#x111c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x111c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&#x111c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN UPADHMANIYA|&#x111c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA OM|&#x111c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DANDA|&#x111c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DOUBLE DANDA|&#x111c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x111c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SEPARATOR|&#x111c8;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SANDHI MARK|&#x111c9;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN NUKTA|&#x111ca;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL MODIFIER MARK|&#x111cb;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA EXTRA SHORT VOWEL MARK|&#x111cc;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SUTRA MARK|&#x111cd;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E|&#x111ce;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN INVERTED CANDRABINDU|&#x111cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|111Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT ZERO|&#x111d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT ONE|&#x111d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT TWO|&#x111d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT THREE|&#x111d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT FOUR|&#x111d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT FIVE|&#x111d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT SIX|&#x111d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT SEVEN|&#x111d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT EIGHT|&#x111d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT NINE|&#x111d9;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA EKAM|&#x111da;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN SIDDHAM|&#x111db;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA HEADSTROKE|&#x111dc;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA CONTINUATION SIGN|&#x111dd;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SECTION MARK-1|&#x111de;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SECTION MARK-2|&#x111df;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sinhala Archaic Numbers''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|111Ex |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT ONE|&#x111e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT TWO|&#x111e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT THREE|&#x111e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT FOUR|&#x111e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT FIVE|&#x111e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT SIX|&#x111e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT SEVEN|&#x111e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT EIGHT|&#x111e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT NINE|&#x111e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER TEN|&#x111ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER TWENTY|&#x111eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER THIRTY|&#x111ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER FORTY|&#x111ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER FIFTY|&#x111ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER SIXTY|&#x111ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|111Fx |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x111f0;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x111f1;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER NINETY|&#x111f2;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x111f3;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#x111f4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Khojki''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1120x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER A|&#x11200;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER AA|&#x11201;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER I|&#x11202;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER U|&#x11203;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER E|&#x11204;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER AI|&#x11205;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER O|&#x11206;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER AU|&#x11207;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER KA|&#x11208;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER KHA|&#x11209;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER GA|&#x1120a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER GGA|&#x1120b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER GHA|&#x1120c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER NGA|&#x1120d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER CA|&#x1120e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER CHA|&#x1120f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1121x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER JA|&#x11210;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER JJA|&#x11211;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER NYA|&#x11213;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER TTA|&#x11214;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER TTHA|&#x11215;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER DDA|&#x11216;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER DDHA|&#x11217;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER NNA|&#x11218;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER TA|&#x11219;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER THA|&#x1121a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER DA|&#x1121b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER DDDA|&#x1121c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER DHA|&#x1121d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER NA|&#x1121e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER PA|&#x1121f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1122x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER PHA|&#x11220;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER BA|&#x11221;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER BBA|&#x11222;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER BHA|&#x11223;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER MA|&#x11224;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER YA|&#x11225;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER RA|&#x11226;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER LA|&#x11227;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER VA|&#x11228;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER SA|&#x11229;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER HA|&#x1122a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER LLA|&#x1122b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x1122c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1122d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x1122e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1122f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1123x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11230;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11231;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11232;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11233;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11234;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x11235;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SIGN NUKTA|&#x11236;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SIGN SHADDA|&#x11237;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI DANDA|&#x11238;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x11239;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI WORD SEPARATOR|&#x1123a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SECTION MARK|&#x1123b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI DOUBLE SECTION MARK|&#x1123c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x1123d;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SIGN SUKUN|&#x1123e;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER QA|&#x1123f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1124x |style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER SHORT I|&#x11240;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x11241;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Landa''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1125x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1126x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1127x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Multani''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1128x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER A|&#x11280;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER I|&#x11281;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER U|&#x11282;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER E|&#x11283;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER KA|&#x11284;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER KHA|&#x11285;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER GA|&#x11286;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER GHA|&#x11288;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER CA|&#x1128a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER CHA|&#x1128b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER JA|&#x1128c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER JJA|&#x1128d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER NYA|&#x1128f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1129x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER TTA|&#x11290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER TTHA|&#x11291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER DDA|&#x11292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER DDDA|&#x11293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER DDHA|&#x11294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER NNA|&#x11295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER TA|&#x11296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER THA|&#x11297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER DA|&#x11298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER DHA|&#x11299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER NA|&#x1129a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER PA|&#x1129b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER PHA|&#x1129c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER BA|&#x1129d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER BHA|&#x1129f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|112Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER MA|&#x112a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER YA|&#x112a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER RA|&#x112a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER LA|&#x112a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER VA|&#x112a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER SA|&#x112a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER HA|&#x112a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER RRA|&#x112a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER RHA|&#x112a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI SECTION MARK|&#x112a9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Khudawadi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|112Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER A|&#x112b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER AA|&#x112b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER I|&#x112b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER II|&#x112b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER U|&#x112b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER UU|&#x112b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER E|&#x112b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER AI|&#x112b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER O|&#x112b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER AU|&#x112b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER KA|&#x112ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER KHA|&#x112bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER GA|&#x112bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER GGA|&#x112bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER GHA|&#x112be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER NGA|&#x112bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|112Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER CA|&#x112c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER CHA|&#x112c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER JA|&#x112c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER JJA|&#x112c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER JHA|&#x112c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER NYA|&#x112c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER TTA|&#x112c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER TTHA|&#x112c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER DDA|&#x112c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER DDDA|&#x112c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER RRA|&#x112ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER DDHA|&#x112cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER NNA|&#x112cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER TA|&#x112cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER THA|&#x112ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER DA|&#x112cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|112Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER DHA|&#x112d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER NA|&#x112d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER PA|&#x112d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER PHA|&#x112d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER BA|&#x112d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER BBA|&#x112d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER BHA|&#x112d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER MA|&#x112d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER YA|&#x112d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER RA|&#x112d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER LA|&#x112da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER VA|&#x112db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER SHA|&#x112dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER SA|&#x112dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER HA|&#x112de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x112df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|112Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x112e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x112e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x112e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x112e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x112e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x112e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x112e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x112e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x112e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI SIGN NUKTA|&#x112e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x112ea;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|112Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT ZERO|&#x112f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT ONE|&#x112f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT TWO|&#x112f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT THREE|&#x112f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT FOUR|&#x112f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT FIVE|&#x112f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT SIX|&#x112f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x112f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x112f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT NINE|&#x112f9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Grantha''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1130x |style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE|&#x11300;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN VISARGA|&#x11303;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER A|&#x11305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER AA|&#x11306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER I|&#x11307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER II|&#x11308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER U|&#x11309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER UU|&#x1130a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x1130b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x1130c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER EE|&#x1130f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1131x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER AI|&#x11310;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER OO|&#x11313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER AU|&#x11314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER KA|&#x11315;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER KHA|&#x11316;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER GA|&#x11317;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER GHA|&#x11318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER NGA|&#x11319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER CA|&#x1131a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER CHA|&#x1131b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER JA|&#x1131c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER JHA|&#x1131d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER NYA|&#x1131e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER TTA|&#x1131f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1132x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER TTHA|&#x11320;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER DDA|&#x11321;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER DDHA|&#x11322;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER NNA|&#x11323;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER TA|&#x11324;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER THA|&#x11325;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER DA|&#x11326;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER DHA|&#x11327;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER NA|&#x11328;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER PA|&#x1132a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER PHA|&#x1132b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER BA|&#x1132c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER BHA|&#x1132d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER MA|&#x1132e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER YA|&#x1132f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1133x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER RA|&#x11330;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER LA|&#x11332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER LLA|&#x11333;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VA|&#x11335;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER SHA|&#x11336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER SSA|&#x11337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER SA|&#x11338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER HA|&#x11339;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING BINDU BELOW|&#x1133b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN NUKTA|&#x1133c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x1133d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x1133e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1133f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1134x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11340;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11341;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11342;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x11343;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x11344;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN EE|&#x11347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11348;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN OO|&#x1134b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x1134c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN VIRAMA|&#x1134d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1135x |style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA OM|&#x11350;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA AU LENGTH MARK|&#x11357;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN PLUTA|&#x1135d;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA|&#x1135e;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VEDIC DOUBLE ANUSVARA|&#x1135f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1136x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x11360;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x11361;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x11362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x11363;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT ZERO|&#x11366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT ONE|&#x11367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT TWO|&#x11368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT THREE|&#x11369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT FOUR|&#x1136a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT FIVE|&#x1136b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT SIX|&#x1136c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1137x |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER A|&#x11370;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER KA|&#x11371;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER NA|&#x11372;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER VI|&#x11373;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER PA|&#x11374;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tulu-Tigalari''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1138x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER A|&#x11380;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER AA|&#x11381;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER I|&#x11382;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER II|&#x11383;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER U|&#x11384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER UU|&#x11385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x11386;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x11387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x11388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x11389;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER EE|&#x1138b;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER AI|&#x1138e;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1139x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER OO|&#x11390;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER AU|&#x11391;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER KA|&#x11392;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER KHA|&#x11393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER GA|&#x11394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER GHA|&#x11395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER NGA|&#x11396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER CA|&#x11397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER CHA|&#x11398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER JA|&#x11399;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER JHA|&#x1139a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER NYA|&#x1139b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER TTA|&#x1139c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER TTHA|&#x1139d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER DDA|&#x1139e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER DDHA|&#x1139f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|113Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER NNA|&#x113a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER TA|&#x113a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER THA|&#x113a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER DA|&#x113a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER DHA|&#x113a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER NA|&#x113a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER PA|&#x113a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER PHA|&#x113a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER BA|&#x113a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER BHA|&#x113a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER MA|&#x113aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER YA|&#x113ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER RA|&#x113ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER LA|&#x113ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER VA|&#x113ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER SHA|&#x113af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|113Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER SSA|&#x113b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER SA|&#x113b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER HA|&#x113b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER LLA|&#x113b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER RRA|&#x113b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER LLLA|&#x113b5;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x113b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x113b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x113b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x113ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x113bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x113bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x113bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x113be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x113bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|113Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x113c0;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN EE|&#x113c2;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x113c5;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN OO|&#x113c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x113c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI AU LENGTH MARK|&#x113c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN CANDRA ANUNASIKA|&#x113ca;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE|&#x113cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x113cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN VISARGA|&#x113cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x113ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN LOOPED VIRAMA|&#x113cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|113Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI CONJOINER|&#x113d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI REPHA|&#x113d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI GEMINATION MARK|&#x113d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN PLUTA|&#x113d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI DANDA|&#x113d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x113d5;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN OM PUSHPIKA|&#x113d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN SHRII PUSHPIKA|&#x113d8;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN OM PUSHPIKA WITH TAIL|&#x113d9;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN SHRII PUSHPIKA WITH TAIL|&#x113da;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER ARCHAIC II|&#x113db;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|113Ex |&nbsp;||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VEDIC TONE SVARITA|&#x113e1;}}||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VEDIC TONE ANUDATTA|&#x113e2;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|113Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Newa''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1140x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER A|&#x11400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER AA|&#x11401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER I|&#x11402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER II|&#x11403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER U|&#x11404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER UU|&#x11405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x11406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x11407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x11408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x11409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER E|&#x1140a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER AI|&#x1140b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER O|&#x1140c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER AU|&#x1140d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER KA|&#x1140e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER KHA|&#x1140f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1141x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER GA|&#x11410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER GHA|&#x11411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NGA|&#x11412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NGHA|&#x11413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER CA|&#x11414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER CHA|&#x11415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER JA|&#x11416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER JHA|&#x11417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NYA|&#x11418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NYHA|&#x11419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER TTA|&#x1141a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER TTHA|&#x1141b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER DDA|&#x1141c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER DDHA|&#x1141d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NNA|&#x1141e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER TA|&#x1141f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1142x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER THA|&#x11420;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER DA|&#x11421;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER DHA|&#x11422;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NA|&#x11423;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NHA|&#x11424;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER PA|&#x11425;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER PHA|&#x11426;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER BA|&#x11427;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER BHA|&#x11428;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER MA|&#x11429;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER MHA|&#x1142a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER YA|&#x1142b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER RA|&#x1142c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER RHA|&#x1142d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER LA|&#x1142e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER LHA|&#x1142f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1143x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER WA|&#x11430;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER SHA|&#x11431;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER SSA|&#x11432;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER SA|&#x11433;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER HA|&#x11434;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11435;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11436;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11437;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11438;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11439;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x1143a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x1143b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x1143c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x1143d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN E|&#x1143e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x1143f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1144x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN VIRAMA|&#x11442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN VISARGA|&#x11445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN NUKTA|&#x11446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x11447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN FINAL ANUSVARA|&#x11448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA OM|&#x11449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIDDHI|&#x1144a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DANDA|&#x1144b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DOUBLE DANDA|&#x1144c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA COMMA|&#x1144d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA GAP FILLER|&#x1144e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x1144f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1145x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT ZERO|&#x11450;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT ONE|&#x11451;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT TWO|&#x11452;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT THREE|&#x11453;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT FOUR|&#x11454;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT FIVE|&#x11455;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT SIX|&#x11456;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11457;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11458;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT NINE|&#x11459;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DOUBLE COMMA|&#x1145a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA PLACEHOLDER MARK|&#x1145b;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA INSERTION SIGN|&#x1145d;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SANDHI MARK|&#x1145e;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA|&#x1145f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1146x |style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&#x11460;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN UPHADHMANIYA|&#x11461;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER HEAVY YA|&#x11462;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1147x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tirhuta''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1148x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA ANJI|&#x11480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER A|&#x11481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER AA|&#x11482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER I|&#x11483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER II|&#x11484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER U|&#x11485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER UU|&#x11486;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x11487;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x11488;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x11489;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x1148a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER E|&#x1148b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER AI|&#x1148c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER O|&#x1148d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER AU|&#x1148e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER KA|&#x1148f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1149x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER KHA|&#x11490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER GA|&#x11491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER GHA|&#x11492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER NGA|&#x11493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER CA|&#x11494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER CHA|&#x11495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER JA|&#x11496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER JHA|&#x11497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER NYA|&#x11498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER TTA|&#x11499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER TTHA|&#x1149a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER DDA|&#x1149b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER DDHA|&#x1149c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER NNA|&#x1149d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER TA|&#x1149e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER THA|&#x1149f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|114Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER DA|&#x114a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER DHA|&#x114a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER NA|&#x114a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER PA|&#x114a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER PHA|&#x114a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER BA|&#x114a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER BHA|&#x114a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER MA|&#x114a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER YA|&#x114a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER RA|&#x114a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER LA|&#x114aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER VA|&#x114ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER SHA|&#x114ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER SSA|&#x114ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER SA|&#x114ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER HA|&#x114af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|114Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x114b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN I|&#x114b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN II|&#x114b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN U|&#x114b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x114b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x114b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x114b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x114b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x114b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN E|&#x114b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN SHORT E|&#x114ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x114bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN O|&#x114bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN SHORT O|&#x114bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x114be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x114bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|114Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x114c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN VISARGA|&#x114c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN VIRAMA|&#x114c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN NUKTA|&#x114c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x114c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA GVANG|&#x114c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x114c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA OM|&#x114c7;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|114Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT ZERO|&#x114d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT ONE|&#x114d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT TWO|&#x114d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT THREE|&#x114d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT FOUR|&#x114d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT FIVE|&#x114d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT SIX|&#x114d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT SEVEN|&#x114d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT EIGHT|&#x114d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT NINE|&#x114d9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Tani''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|114Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|114Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Ranjana''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1150x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1151x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1152x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1153x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1154x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1155x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1156x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1157x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Siddham''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1158x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER A|&#x11580;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER AA|&#x11581;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER I|&#x11582;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER II|&#x11583;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER U|&#x11584;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER UU|&#x11585;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x11586;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x11587;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x11588;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x11589;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER E|&#x1158a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER AI|&#x1158b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER O|&#x1158c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER AU|&#x1158d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER KA|&#x1158e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER KHA|&#x1158f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1159x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER GA|&#x11590;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER GHA|&#x11591;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER NGA|&#x11592;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER CA|&#x11593;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER CHA|&#x11594;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER JA|&#x11595;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER JHA|&#x11596;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER NYA|&#x11597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER TTA|&#x11598;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER TTHA|&#x11599;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER DDA|&#x1159a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER DDHA|&#x1159b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER NNA|&#x1159c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER TA|&#x1159d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER THA|&#x1159e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER DA|&#x1159f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|115Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER DHA|&#x115a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER NA|&#x115a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER PA|&#x115a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER PHA|&#x115a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER BA|&#x115a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER BHA|&#x115a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER MA|&#x115a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER YA|&#x115a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER RA|&#x115a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER LA|&#x115a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER VA|&#x115aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER SHA|&#x115ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER SSA|&#x115ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER SA|&#x115ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER HA|&#x115ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x115af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|115Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN I|&#x115b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN II|&#x115b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN U|&#x115b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x115b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x115b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x115b5;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN E|&#x115b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x115b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN O|&#x115ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x115bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x115bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x115bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN VISARGA|&#x115be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN VIRAMA|&#x115bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|115Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN NUKTA|&#x115c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN SIDDHAM|&#x115c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM DANDA|&#x115c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM DOUBLE DANDA|&#x115c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SEPARATOR DOT|&#x115c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SEPARATOR BAR|&#x115c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM REPETITION MARK-1|&#x115c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM REPETITION MARK-2|&#x115c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM REPETITION MARK-3|&#x115c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM END OF TEXT MARK|&#x115c9;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH TRIDENT AND U-SHAPED ORNAMENTS|&#x115ca;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH TRIDENT AND DOTTED CRESCENTS|&#x115cb;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH RAYS AND DOTTED CRESCENTS|&#x115cc;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH RAYS AND DOTTED DOUBLE CRESCENTS|&#x115cd;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH RAYS AND DOTTED TRIPLE CRESCENTS|&#x115ce;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK DOUBLE RING|&#x115cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|115Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK DOUBLE RING WITH RAYS|&#x115d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH DOUBLE CRESCENTS|&#x115d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH TRIPLE CRESCENTS|&#x115d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH QUADRUPLE CRESCENTS|&#x115d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH SEPTUPLE CRESCENTS|&#x115d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH CIRCLES AND RAYS|&#x115d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH CIRCLES AND TWO ENCLOSURES|&#x115d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH CIRCLES AND FOUR ENCLOSURES|&#x115d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER THREE-CIRCLE ALTERNATE I|&#x115d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER TWO-CIRCLE ALTERNATE I|&#x115d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER TWO-CIRCLE ALTERNATE II|&#x115da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER ALTERNATE U|&#x115db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN ALTERNATE U|&#x115dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN ALTERNATE UU|&#x115dd;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|115Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|115Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Modi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1160x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER A|&#x11600;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER AA|&#x11601;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER I|&#x11602;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER II|&#x11603;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER U|&#x11604;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER UU|&#x11605;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x11606;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x11607;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x11608;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x11609;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER E|&#x1160a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER AI|&#x1160b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER O|&#x1160c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER AU|&#x1160d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER KA|&#x1160e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER KHA|&#x1160f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1161x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER GA|&#x11610;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER GHA|&#x11611;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER NGA|&#x11612;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER CA|&#x11613;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER CHA|&#x11614;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER JA|&#x11615;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER JHA|&#x11616;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER NYA|&#x11617;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER TTA|&#x11618;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER TTHA|&#x11619;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER DDA|&#x1161a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER DDHA|&#x1161b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER NNA|&#x1161c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER TA|&#x1161d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER THA|&#x1161e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER DA|&#x1161f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1162x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER DHA|&#x11620;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER NA|&#x11621;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER PA|&#x11622;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER PHA|&#x11623;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER BA|&#x11624;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER BHA|&#x11625;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER MA|&#x11626;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER YA|&#x11627;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER RA|&#x11628;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER LA|&#x11629;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER VA|&#x1162a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER SHA|&#x1162b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER SSA|&#x1162c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER SA|&#x1162d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER HA|&#x1162e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER LLA|&#x1162f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1163x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11630;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11631;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11632;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11633;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11634;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x11635;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x11636;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x11637;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x11638;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11639;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x1163a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x1163b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x1163c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x1163d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI SIGN VISARGA|&#x1163e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x1163f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1164x |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI SIGN ARDHACANDRA|&#x11640;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DANDA|&#x11641;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x11642;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x11643;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI SIGN HUVA|&#x11644;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1165x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT ZERO|&#x11650;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT ONE|&#x11651;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT TWO|&#x11652;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT THREE|&#x11653;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT FOUR|&#x11654;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT FIVE|&#x11655;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT SIX|&#x11656;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11657;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11658;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT NINE|&#x11659;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Mongolian Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1166x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT|&#x11660;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN ROTATED BIRGA|&#x11661;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN DOUBLE BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT|&#x11662;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN TRIPLE BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT|&#x11663;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT|&#x11664;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN ROTATED BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT|&#x11665;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN ROTATED BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT|&#x11666;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN INVERTED BIRGA|&#x11667;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN INVERTED BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT|&#x11668;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN SWIRL BIRGA|&#x11669;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN SWIRL BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT|&#x1166a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN SWIRL BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT|&#x1166b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN TURNED SWIRL BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT|&#x1166c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1167x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Takri''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1168x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER A|&#x11680;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER AA|&#x11681;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER I|&#x11682;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER II|&#x11683;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER U|&#x11684;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER UU|&#x11685;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER E|&#x11686;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER AI|&#x11687;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER O|&#x11688;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER AU|&#x11689;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER KA|&#x1168a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER KHA|&#x1168b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER GA|&#x1168c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER GHA|&#x1168d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER NGA|&#x1168e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER CA|&#x1168f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1169x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER CHA|&#x11690;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER JA|&#x11691;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER JHA|&#x11692;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER NYA|&#x11693;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER TTA|&#x11694;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER TTHA|&#x11695;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER DDA|&#x11696;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER DDHA|&#x11697;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER NNA|&#x11698;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER TA|&#x11699;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER THA|&#x1169a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER DA|&#x1169b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER DHA|&#x1169c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER NA|&#x1169d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER PA|&#x1169e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER PHA|&#x1169f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|116Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER BA|&#x116a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER BHA|&#x116a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER MA|&#x116a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER YA|&#x116a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER RA|&#x116a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER LA|&#x116a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER VA|&#x116a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER SHA|&#x116a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER SA|&#x116a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER HA|&#x116a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER RRA|&#x116aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x116ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI SIGN VISARGA|&#x116ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x116ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x116ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x116af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|116Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x116b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x116b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x116b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x116b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x116b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x116b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x116b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI SIGN NUKTA|&#x116b7;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER ARCHAIC KHA|&#x116b8;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x116b9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|116Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT ZERO|&#x116c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT ONE|&#x116c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT TWO|&#x116c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT THREE|&#x116c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT FOUR|&#x116c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT FIVE|&#x116c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT SIX|&#x116c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x116c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x116c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT NINE|&#x116c9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Myanmar Extended-C''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|116Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT ZERO|&#x116d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT ONE|&#x116d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT TWO|&#x116d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT THREE|&#x116d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT FOUR|&#x116d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT FIVE|&#x116d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT SIX|&#x116d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT SEVEN|&#x116d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT EIGHT|&#x116d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT NINE|&#x116d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT ZERO|&#x116da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT ONE|&#x116db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT TWO|&#x116dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT THREE|&#x116dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT FOUR|&#x116de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT FIVE|&#x116df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|116Ex |style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT SIX|&#x116e0;}}||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT SEVEN|&#x116e1;}}||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT EIGHT|&#x116e2;}}||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT NINE|&#x116e3;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|116Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Ahom''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1170x |{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER KA|&#x11700;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER KHA|&#x11701;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER NGA|&#x11702;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER NA|&#x11703;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER TA|&#x11704;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER ALTERNATE TA|&#x11705;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER PA|&#x11706;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER PHA|&#x11707;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER BA|&#x11708;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER MA|&#x11709;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER JA|&#x1170a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER CHA|&#x1170b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER THA|&#x1170c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER RA|&#x1170d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER LA|&#x1170e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER SA|&#x1170f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1171x |{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER NYA|&#x11710;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER HA|&#x11711;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER A|&#x11712;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER DA|&#x11713;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER DHA|&#x11714;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER GA|&#x11715;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER ALTERNATE GA|&#x11716;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER GHA|&#x11717;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER BHA|&#x11718;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER JHA|&#x11719;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER ALTERNATE BA|&#x1171a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL LA|&#x1171d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL RA|&#x1171e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL LIGATING RA|&#x1171f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1172x |{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN A|&#x11720;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11721;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11722;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11723;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11724;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11725;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11726;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN AW|&#x11727;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11728;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11729;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN AM|&#x1172a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM SIGN KILLER|&#x1172b;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1173x |{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT ZERO|&#x11730;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT ONE|&#x11731;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT TWO|&#x11732;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT THREE|&#x11733;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT FOUR|&#x11734;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT FIVE|&#x11735;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT SIX|&#x11736;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11737;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11738;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT NINE|&#x11739;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM NUMBER TEN|&#x1173a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM NUMBER TWENTY|&#x1173b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM SIGN SMALL SECTION|&#x1173c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM SIGN SECTION|&#x1173d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM SIGN RULAI|&#x1173e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM SYMBOL VI|&#x1173f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1174x |style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER CA|&#x11740;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER TTA|&#x11741;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER TTHA|&#x11742;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER DDA|&#x11743;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER DDHA|&#x11744;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER NNA|&#x11745;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER LLA|&#x11746;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Zou''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1175x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1176x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1177x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1178x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1179x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|117Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Pyu''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|117Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|117Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|117Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|117Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|117Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Dogra''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1180x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER A|&#x11800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER AA|&#x11801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER I|&#x11802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER II|&#x11803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER U|&#x11804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER UU|&#x11805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER E|&#x11806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER AI|&#x11807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER O|&#x11808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER AU|&#x11809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER KA|&#x1180a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER KHA|&#x1180b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER GA|&#x1180c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER GHA|&#x1180d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER NGA|&#x1180e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER CA|&#x1180f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1181x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER CHA|&#x11810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER JA|&#x11811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER JHA|&#x11812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER NYA|&#x11813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER TTA|&#x11814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER TTHA|&#x11815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER DDA|&#x11816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER DDHA|&#x11817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER NNA|&#x11818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER TA|&#x11819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER THA|&#x1181a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER DA|&#x1181b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER DHA|&#x1181c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER NA|&#x1181d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER PA|&#x1181e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER PHA|&#x1181f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1182x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER BA|&#x11820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER BHA|&#x11821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER MA|&#x11822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER YA|&#x11823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER RA|&#x11824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER LA|&#x11825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER VA|&#x11826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER SHA|&#x11827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER SSA|&#x11828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER SA|&#x11829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER HA|&#x1182a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER RRA|&#x1182b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x1182c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1182d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN II|&#x1182e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1182f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1183x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x11831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x11832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN VISARGA|&#x11838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN VIRAMA|&#x11839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN NUKTA|&#x1183a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x1183b;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x1183c;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x1183d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1184x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sirmauri''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1185x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER A|&#x11850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER I|&#x11851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER U|&#x11852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER E|&#x11853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER KA|&#x11854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER KHA|&#x11855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER GA|&#x11856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER GHA|&#x11857;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER CA|&#x11859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER CHA|&#x1185a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER JA|&#x1185b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER JHA|&#x1185c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER TTA|&#x1185e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER TTHA|&#x1185f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1186x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER DDA|&#x11860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER DDHA|&#x11861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER NNA|&#x11862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER TA|&#x11863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THA|&#x11864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER DA|&#x11865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER DHA|&#x11866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER NA|&#x11867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER PA|&#x11868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER PHA|&#x11869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER BA|&#x1186a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER BHA|&#x1186b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER MA|&#x1186c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER YA|&#x1186d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER RA|&#x1186e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER LA|&#x1186f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1187x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER SA|&#x11873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER HA|&#x11874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11875;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11878;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x1187a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x1187b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x1187c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x1187d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x1187e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI SIGN VISARGA|&#x1187f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1188x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI SIGN HALANTA|&#x11880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI SIGN NUKTA|&#x11881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL RA|&#x11882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI EKAM|&#x11883;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT ZERO|&#x11886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT ONE|&#x11887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT TWO|&#x11888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT THREE|&#x11889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT FOUR|&#x1188a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT FIVE|&#x1188b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT SIX|&#x1188c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1188d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1188e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT NINE|&#x1188f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1189x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Warang Citi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|118Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER NGAA|&#x118a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x118a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER WI|&#x118a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER YU|&#x118a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER YA|&#x118a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER YO|&#x118a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER II|&#x118a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER UU|&#x118a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x118a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x118a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER ANG|&#x118aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER GA|&#x118ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER KO|&#x118ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER ENY|&#x118ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER YUJ|&#x118ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER UC|&#x118af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|118Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER ENN|&#x118b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER ODD|&#x118b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER TTE|&#x118b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER NUNG|&#x118b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER DA|&#x118b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER AT|&#x118b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER AM|&#x118b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER BU|&#x118b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER PU|&#x118b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER HIYO|&#x118b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER HOLO|&#x118ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER HORR|&#x118bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER HAR|&#x118bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER SSUU|&#x118bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER SII|&#x118be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER VIYO|&#x118bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|118Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER NGAA|&#x118c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER A|&#x118c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER WI|&#x118c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER YU|&#x118c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER YA|&#x118c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER YO|&#x118c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER II|&#x118c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER UU|&#x118c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER E|&#x118c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER O|&#x118c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER ANG|&#x118ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER GA|&#x118cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER KO|&#x118cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER ENY|&#x118cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER YUJ|&#x118ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER UC|&#x118cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|118Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER ENN|&#x118d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER ODD|&#x118d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER TTE|&#x118d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER NUNG|&#x118d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER DA|&#x118d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER AT|&#x118d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER AM|&#x118d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER BU|&#x118d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER PU|&#x118d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER HIYO|&#x118d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER HOLO|&#x118da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER HORR|&#x118db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER HAR|&#x118dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER SSUU|&#x118dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER SII|&#x118de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER VIYO|&#x118df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|118Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT ZERO|&#x118e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT ONE|&#x118e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT TWO|&#x118e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT THREE|&#x118e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT FOUR|&#x118e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT FIVE|&#x118e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT SIX|&#x118e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x118e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x118e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT NINE|&#x118e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER TEN|&#x118ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER TWENTY|&#x118eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER THIRTY|&#x118ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER FORTY|&#x118ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER FIFTY|&#x118ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER SIXTY|&#x118ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|118Fx |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x118f0;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x118f1;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER NINETY|&#x118f2;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI OM|&#x118ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Dives Akuru''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1190x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER A|&#x11900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER AA|&#x11901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER I|&#x11902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER II|&#x11903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER U|&#x11904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER UU|&#x11905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER E|&#x11906;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER O|&#x11909;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER KA|&#x1190c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER KHA|&#x1190d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER GA|&#x1190e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER GHA|&#x1190f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1191x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER NGA|&#x11910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER CA|&#x11911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER CHA|&#x11912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER JA|&#x11913;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER NYA|&#x11915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER TTA|&#x11916;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER DDA|&#x11918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER DDHA|&#x11919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER NNA|&#x1191a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER TA|&#x1191b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER THA|&#x1191c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER DA|&#x1191d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER DHA|&#x1191e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER NA|&#x1191f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1192x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER PA|&#x11920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER PHA|&#x11921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER BA|&#x11922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER BHA|&#x11923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER MA|&#x11924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER YA|&#x11925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER YYA|&#x11926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER RA|&#x11927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER LA|&#x11928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER VA|&#x11929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER SHA|&#x1192a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER SSA|&#x1192b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER SA|&#x1192c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER HA|&#x1192d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER LLA|&#x1192e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER ZA|&#x1192f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1193x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11935;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11938;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x1193b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x1193c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU SIGN HALANTA|&#x1193d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VIRAMA|&#x1193e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU PREFIXED NASAL SIGN|&#x1193f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1194x |style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU MEDIAL YA|&#x11940;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU INITIAL RA|&#x11941;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU MEDIAL RA|&#x11942;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU SIGN NUKTA|&#x11943;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DOUBLE DANDA|&#x11944;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU GAP FILLER|&#x11945;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU END OF TEXT MARK|&#x11940;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1195x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT ZERO|&#x11950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT ONE|&#x11951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT TWO|&#x11952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT THREE|&#x11953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT FOUR|&#x11954;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT FIVE|&#x11955;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT SIX|&#x11956;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT NINE|&#x11959;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Vatteluttu''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1196x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1197x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1198x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1199x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Nandinagari''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|119Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER A|&#x119a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER AA|&#x119a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER I|&#x119a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER II|&#x119a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER U|&#x119a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER UU|&#x119a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x119a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x119a7;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER E|&#x119aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER AI|&#x119ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER O|&#x119ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER AU|&#x119ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER KA|&#x119ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER KHA|&#x119af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|119Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER GA|&#x119b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER GHA|&#x119b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER NGA|&#x119b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER CA|&#x119b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER CHA|&#x119b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER JA|&#x119b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER JHA|&#x119b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER NYA|&#x119b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER TTA|&#x119b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER TTHA|&#x119b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER DDA|&#x119ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER DDHA|&#x119bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER NNA|&#x119bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER TA|&#x119bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER THA|&#x119be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER DA|&#x119bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|119Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER DHA|&#x119c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER NA|&#x119c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER PA|&#x119c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER PHA|&#x119c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER BA|&#x119c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER BHA|&#x119c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER MA|&#x119c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER YA|&#x119c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER RA|&#x119c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER LA|&#x119c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER VA|&#x119ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER SHA|&#x119cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER SSA|&#x119cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER SA|&#x119cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER HA|&#x119ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER LLA|&#x119cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|119Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER RRA|&#x119d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x119d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x119d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x119d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x119d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x119d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x119d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x119d7;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x119da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x119db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x119dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x119dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x119de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI SIGN VISARGA|&#x119df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|119Ex |style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x119e0;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x119e1;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI SIGN SIDDHAM|&#x119e2;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI HEADSTROKE|&#x119e3;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E|&#x119e4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|119Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Zanabazar Square''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER A|&#x11a00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11a01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN UE|&#x11a02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11a03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11a04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN OE|&#x11a05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11a06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11a07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11a08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN REVERSED I|&#x11a09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL LENGTH MARK|&#x11a0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER KA|&#x11a0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER KHA|&#x11a0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER GA|&#x11a0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER GHA|&#x11a0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER NGA|&#x11a0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER CA|&#x11a10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER CHA|&#x11a11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER JA|&#x11a12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER NYA|&#x11a13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER TTA|&#x11a14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER TTHA|&#x11a15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DDA|&#x11a16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DDHA|&#x11a17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER NNA|&#x11a18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER TA|&#x11a19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER THA|&#x11a1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DA|&#x11a1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DHA|&#x11a1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER NA|&#x11a1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER PA|&#x11a1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER PHA|&#x11a1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER BA|&#x11a20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER BHA|&#x11a21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER MA|&#x11a22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER TSA|&#x11a23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER TSHA|&#x11a24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DZA|&#x11a25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DZHA|&#x11a26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER ZHA|&#x11a27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER ZA|&#x11a28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER -A|&#x11a29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER YA|&#x11a2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER RA|&#x11a2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER LA|&#x11a2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER VA|&#x11a2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER SHA|&#x11a2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER SSA|&#x11a2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER SA|&#x11a30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER HA|&#x11a31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER KSSA|&#x11a32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE FINAL CONSONANT MARK|&#x11a33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN VIRAMA|&#x11a34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11a35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRABINDU WITH ORNAMENT|&#x11a36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRA WITH ORNAMENT|&#x11a37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11a38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN VISARGA|&#x11a39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLUSTER-INITIAL LETTER RA|&#x11a3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLUSTER-FINAL LETTER YA|&#x11a3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLUSTER-FINAL LETTER RA|&#x11a3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLUSTER-FINAL LETTER LA|&#x11a3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLUSTER-FINAL LETTER VA|&#x11a3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE INITIAL HEAD MARK|&#x11a3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLOSING HEAD MARK|&#x11a40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE MARK TSHEG|&#x11a41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE MARK SHAD|&#x11a42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE MARK DOUBLE SHAD|&#x11a43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE MARK LONG TSHEG|&#x11a44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE INITIAL DOUBLE-LINED HEAD MARK|&#x11a45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLOSING DOUBLE-LINED HEAD MARK|&#x11a46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SUBJOINER|&#x11a47;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Soyombo''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER A|&#x11a50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11a51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN UE|&#x11a52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11a53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11a54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11a55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN OE|&#x11a56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11a57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11a58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x11a59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x11a5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL LENGTH MARK|&#x11a5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER KA|&#x11a5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER KHA|&#x11a5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER GA|&#x11a5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER GHA|&#x11a5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER NGA|&#x11a60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER CA|&#x11a61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER CHA|&#x11a62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER JA|&#x11a63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER JHA|&#x11a64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER NYA|&#x11a65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER TTA|&#x11a66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER TTHA|&#x11a67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER DDA|&#x11a68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER DDHA|&#x11a69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER NNA|&#x11a6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER TA|&#x11a6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER THA|&#x11a6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER DA|&#x11a6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER DHA|&#x11a6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER NA|&#x11a6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER PA|&#x11a70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER PHA|&#x11a71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER BA|&#x11a72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER BHA|&#x11a73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER MA|&#x11a74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER TSA|&#x11a75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER TSHA|&#x11a76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER DZA|&#x11a77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER ZHA|&#x11a78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER ZA|&#x11a79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER -A|&#x11a7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER YA|&#x11a7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER RA|&#x11a7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER LA|&#x11a7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER VA|&#x11a7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER SHA|&#x11a7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER SSA|&#x11a80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER SA|&#x11a81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER HA|&#x11a82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER KSSA|&#x11a83;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&#x11a84;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO SIGN UPADHMANIYA|&#x11a85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO CLUSTER-INITIAL LETTER RA|&#x11a86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO CLUSTER-INITIAL LETTER LA|&#x11a87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO CLUSTER-INITIAL LETTER SHA|&#x11a88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO CLUSTER-INITIAL LETTER SA|&#x11a89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN G|&#x11a8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN K|&#x11a8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN NG|&#x11a8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN D|&#x11a8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN N|&#x11a8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN B|&#x11a8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN M|&#x11a90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN R|&#x11a91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN L|&#x11a92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN SH|&#x11a93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN S|&#x11a94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN -A|&#x11a95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11a96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO SIGN VISARGA|&#x11a97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO GEMINATION MARK|&#x11a98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO SUBJOINER|&#x11a99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO MARK TSHEG|&#x11a9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO MARK SHAD|&#x11a9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO MARK DOUBLE SHAD|&#x11a9c;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO MARK PLUTA|&#x11a9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO HEAD MARK WITH MOON AND SUN AND TRIPLE FLAME|&#x11a9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO HEAD MARK WITH MOON AND SUN AND FLAME|&#x11a9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11AAx |style="background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO HEAD MARK WITH MOON AND SUN|&#x11aa0;}}||style="background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO TERMINAL MARK-1|&#x11aa1;}}||style="background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO TERMINAL MARK-2|&#x11aa2;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11ABx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HI|&#x11ab0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HII|&#x11ab1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HO|&#x11ab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HOO|&#x11ab3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HA|&#x11ab4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HAA|&#x11ab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRI|&#x11ab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRII|&#x11ab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRO|&#x11ab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHROO|&#x11ab9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRA|&#x11aba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRAA|&#x11abb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SPE|&#x11abc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SPI|&#x11abd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SPO|&#x11abe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SPA|&#x11abf;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Pau Cin Hau''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11ACx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER PA|&#x11ac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER KA|&#x11ac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER LA|&#x11ac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER MA|&#x11ac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER DA|&#x11ac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER ZA|&#x11ac5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER VA|&#x11ac6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER NGA|&#x11ac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER HA|&#x11ac8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER GA|&#x11ac9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER KHA|&#x11aca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER SA|&#x11acb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER BA|&#x11acc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER CA|&#x11acd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER TA|&#x11ace;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER THA|&#x11acf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11ADx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER NA|&#x11ad0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER PHA|&#x11ad1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER RA|&#x11ad2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FA|&#x11ad3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER CHA|&#x11ad4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER A|&#x11ad5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER E|&#x11ad6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER I|&#x11ad7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER O|&#x11ad8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER U|&#x11ad9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER UA|&#x11ada;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER IA|&#x11adb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL P|&#x11adc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL K|&#x11add;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL T|&#x11ade;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL M|&#x11adf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11AEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL N|&#x11ae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL L|&#x11ae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL W|&#x11ae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL NG|&#x11ae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL Y|&#x11ae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU RISING TONE LONG|&#x11ae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU RISING TONE|&#x11ae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI GLOTTAL STOP|&#x11ae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU RISING TONE LONG FINAL|&#x11ae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU RISING TONE FINAL|&#x11ae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI GLOTTAL STOP FINAL|&#x11aea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI TONE LONG|&#x11aeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI TONE|&#x11aec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI TONE LONG FINAL|&#x11aed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI TONE FINAL|&#x11aee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU MID-LEVEL TONE|&#x11aef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11AFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU GLOTTAL STOP VARIANT|&#x11af0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU MID-LEVEL TONE LONG FINAL|&#x11af1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU MID-LEVEL TONE FINAL|&#x11af2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LOW-FALLING TONE LONG|&#x11af3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LOW-FALLING TONE|&#x11af4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU GLOTTAL STOP|&#x11af5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LOW-FALLING TONE LONG FINAL|&#x11af6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LOW-FALLING TONE FINAL|&#x11af7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU GLOTTAL STOP FINAL|&#x11af8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Devanagari Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI HEAD MARK|&#x11b00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI HEAD MARK WITH HEADSTROKE|&#x11b01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN BHALE|&#x11b02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN BHALE WITH HOOK|&#x11b03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN EXTENDED BHALE|&#x11b04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN EXTENDED BHALE WITH HOOK|&#x11b05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN WESTERN FIVE-LIKE BHALE|&#x11b06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN WESTERN NINE-LIKE BHALE|&#x11b07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN REVERSED NINE-LIKE BHALE|&#x11b08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN MINDU|&#x11b09;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER ALTERNATE DDDA|&#x11b0a;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&#x11b0b;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN UPADHMANIYA|&#x11b0c;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN FINAL ANUSVARA|&#x11b0d;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI CONTINUATION SIGN|&#x11b0e;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI CORRECTION MARK FOR VOWEL SIGNS|&#x11b0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sharada Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B6x |style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN OE|&#x11b60;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN OOE|&#x11b61;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN UE|&#x11b62;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN UUE|&#x11b63;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN SHORT E|&#x11b64;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN SHORT O|&#x11b65;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E|&#x11b66;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O|&#x11b67;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Leke''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER KA|&#x11b80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HKA|&#x11b81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER NGA|&#x11b82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER CA|&#x11b83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HCA|&#x11b84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER NYA|&#x11b85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER TA|&#x11b86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HTA|&#x11b87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER NA|&#x11b88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER SA|&#x11b89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER PA|&#x11b8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HPA|&#x11b8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER MA|&#x11b8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER YA|&#x11b8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER RA|&#x11b8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER LA|&#x11b8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER WA|&#x11b90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER THA|&#x11b91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER GHA|&#x11b92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HA|&#x11b93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER KHA|&#x11b94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HWA|&#x11b95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER QA|&#x11b96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER BA|&#x11b97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER DA|&#x11b98;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN DWAI THA|&#x11b9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN TANG PI|&#x11b9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN THA LANG|&#x11b9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN THA PI|&#x11b9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11BAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN TANG DWAI|&#x11ba0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN TANG KANG LI |&#x11ba1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN SEUNG NU CEU|&#x11ba2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN THAE WEE KLEU|&#x11ba3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN DWAI THAE WEE|&#x11ba4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN CEE CANG |&#x11ba5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN DWAI THA HPA HTU|&#x11ba6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN TANG PI HPA HTU |&#x11ba7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN THA SOO|&#x11ba8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN PA YA|&#x11ba9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN PA LA|&#x11baa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN PA WA|&#x11bab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN RAI YA|&#x11bac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN LONG HPU|&#x11bad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN LONG DU |&#x11bae;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11BBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT ZERO|&#x11bb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT ONE|&#x11bb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT TWO|&#x11bb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT THREE|&#x11bb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT FOUR|&#x11bb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT FIVE|&#x11bb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT SIX|&#x11bb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11bb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11bb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT NINE|&#x11bb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE END OF SECTION|&#x11bba;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sunuwar''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11BCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER DEVI|&#x11bc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER TASLA|&#x11bc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER EKO|&#x11bc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER IMAR|&#x11bc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER REU|&#x11bc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER UTTHI|&#x11bc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER KIK|&#x11bc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER MA|&#x11bc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER APPHO|&#x11bc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER PIP|&#x11bc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER GIL|&#x11bca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER HAMSO|&#x11bcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER CARMI|&#x11bcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER NAH|&#x11bcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER BUR|&#x11bce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER JYAH|&#x11bcf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11BDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER LOACHA|&#x11bd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER OTTHI|&#x11bd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER SHYELE|&#x11bd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER VARCA|&#x11bd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER YAT|&#x11bd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER AVA|&#x11bd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER AAL|&#x11bd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER DONGA|&#x11bd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER THARI|&#x11bd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER PHAR|&#x11bd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER NGAR|&#x11bda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER KHA|&#x11bdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER SHYER|&#x11bdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER CHELAP|&#x11bdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER TENTU|&#x11bde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER THELE|&#x11bdf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11BEx |style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER KLOKO|&#x11be0;}}||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR SIGN PVO|&#x11be1;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11BFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT ZERO|&#x11bf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT ONE|&#x11bf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT TWO|&#x11bf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT THREE|&#x11bf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT FOUR|&#x11bf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT FIVE|&#x11bf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT SIX|&#x11bf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11bf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11bf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT NINE|&#x11bf9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Bhaiksuki''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER A|&#x11c00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER AA|&#x11c01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER I|&#x11c02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER II|&#x11c03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER U|&#x11c04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER UU|&#x11c05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x11c06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x11c07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x11c08;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER E|&#x11c0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER AI|&#x11c0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER O|&#x11c0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER AU|&#x11c0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER KA|&#x11c0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER KHA|&#x11c0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER GA|&#x11c10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER GHA|&#x11c11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER NGA|&#x11c12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER CA|&#x11c13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER CHA|&#x11c14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER JA|&#x11c15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER JHA|&#x11c16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER NYA|&#x11c17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER TTA|&#x11c18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER TTHA|&#x11c19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER DDA|&#x11c1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER DDHA|&#x11c1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER NNA|&#x11c1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER TA|&#x11c1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER THA|&#x11c1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER DA|&#x11c1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER DHA|&#x11c20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER NA|&#x11c21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER PA|&#x11c22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER PHA|&#x11c23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER BA|&#x11c24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER BHA|&#x11c25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER MA|&#x11c26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER YA|&#x11c27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER RA|&#x11c28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER LA|&#x11c29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER VA|&#x11c2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER SHA|&#x11c2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER SSA|&#x11c2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER SA|&#x11c2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER HA|&#x11c2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11c2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11c30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11c31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11c32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11c33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x11c34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x11c35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x11c36;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11c38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11c39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11c3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11c3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11c3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11c3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI SIGN VISARGA|&#x11c3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x11c3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C4x |style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x11c40;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DANDA|&#x11c41;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x11c42;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI WORD SEPARATOR|&#x11c43;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI GAP FILLER-1|&#x11c44;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI GAP FILLER-2|&#x11c45;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT ZERO|&#x11c50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT ONE|&#x11c51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT TWO|&#x11c52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT THREE|&#x11c53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT FOUR|&#x11c54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT FIVE|&#x11c55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT SIX|&#x11c56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11c57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11c58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT NINE|&#x11c59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER ONE|&#x11c5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER TWO|&#x11c5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER THREE|&#x11c5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER FOUR|&#x11c5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER FIVE|&#x11c5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER SIX|&#x11c5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER SEVEN|&#x11c60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER EIGHT|&#x11c61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER NINE|&#x11c62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER TEN|&#x11c63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER TWENTY|&#x11c64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER THIRTY|&#x11c65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER FORTY|&#x11c66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER FIFTY|&#x11c67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER SIXTY|&#x11c68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x11c69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x11c6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER NINETY|&#x11c6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI HUNDREDS UNIT MARK|&#x11c6c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Marchen''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN HEAD MARK|&#x11c70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN MARK SHAD|&#x11c71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER KA|&#x11c72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER KHA|&#x11c73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER GA|&#x11c74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER NGA|&#x11c75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER CA|&#x11c76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER CHA|&#x11c77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER JA|&#x11c78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER NYA|&#x11c79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER TA|&#x11c7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER THA|&#x11c7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER DA|&#x11c7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER NA|&#x11c7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER PA|&#x11c7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER PHA|&#x11c7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER BA|&#x11c80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER MA|&#x11c81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER TSA|&#x11c82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER TSHA|&#x11c83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER DZA|&#x11c84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER WA|&#x11c85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER ZHA|&#x11c86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER ZA|&#x11c87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER -A|&#x11c88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER YA|&#x11c89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER RA|&#x11c8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER LA|&#x11c8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER SHA|&#x11c8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER SA|&#x11c8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER HA|&#x11c8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER A|&#x11c8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C9x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER KA|&#x11c92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER KHA|&#x11c93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER GA|&#x11c94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER NGA|&#x11c95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER CA|&#x11c96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER CHA|&#x11c97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER JA|&#x11c98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER NYA|&#x11c99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER TA|&#x11c9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER THA|&#x11c9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER DA|&#x11c9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER NA|&#x11c9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER PA|&#x11c9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER PHA|&#x11c9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11CAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER BA|&#x11ca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER MA|&#x11ca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER TSA|&#x11ca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER TSHA|&#x11ca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER DZA|&#x11ca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER WA|&#x11ca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER ZHA|&#x11ca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER ZA|&#x11ca7;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER YA|&#x11ca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER RA|&#x11caa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER LA|&#x11cab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER SHA|&#x11cac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER SA|&#x11cad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER HA|&#x11cae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER A|&#x11caf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11CBx |style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11cb0;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11cb1;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11cb2;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11cb3;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11cb4;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11cb5;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11cb6;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Balti-B''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11CCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11CDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11CEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11CFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Masaram Gondi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER A|&#x11d00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER AA|&#x11d01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER I|&#x11d02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER II|&#x11d03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER U|&#x11d04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER UU|&#x11d05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER E|&#x11d06;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER AI|&#x11d08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER O|&#x11d09;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER AU|&#x11d0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER KA|&#x11d0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER KHA|&#x11d0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER GA|&#x11d0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER GHA|&#x11d0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER NGA|&#x11d10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER CA|&#x11d11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER CHA|&#x11d12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER JA|&#x11d13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER JHA|&#x11d14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER NYA|&#x11d15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER TTA|&#x11d16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER TTHA|&#x11d17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER DDA|&#x11d18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER DDHA|&#x11d19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER NNA|&#x11d1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER TA|&#x11d1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER THA|&#x11d1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER DA|&#x11d1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER DHA|&#x11d1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER NA|&#x11d1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER PA|&#x11d20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER PHA|&#x11d21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER BA|&#x11d22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER BHA|&#x11d23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER MA|&#x11d24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER YA|&#x11d25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER RA|&#x11d26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER LA|&#x11d27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER VA|&#x11d28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER SHA|&#x11d29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER SSA|&#x11d2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER SA|&#x11d2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER HA|&#x11d2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER LLA|&#x11d2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER KSSA|&#x11d2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER JNYA|&#x11d2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER TRA|&#x11d30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11d31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11d32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11d33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11d34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11d35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x11d36;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11d3a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11d3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11d3d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11d3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11d40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI SIGN VISARGA|&#x11d41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI SIGN NUKTA|&#x11d42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI SIGN CANDRA|&#x11d43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI SIGN HALANTA|&#x11d44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VIRAMA|&#x11d45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI REPHA|&#x11d46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI RA-KARA|&#x11d47;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT ZERO|&#x11d50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT ONE|&#x11d51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT TWO|&#x11d52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT THREE|&#x11d53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT FOUR|&#x11d54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT FIVE|&#x11d55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT SIX|&#x11d56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11d57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11d58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT NINE|&#x11d59;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Gunjala Gondi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER A|&#x11d60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER AA|&#x11d61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER I|&#x11d62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER II|&#x11d63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER U|&#x11d64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER UU|&#x11d65;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER EE|&#x11d67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER AI|&#x11d68;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER OO|&#x11d6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER AU|&#x11d6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER YA|&#x11d6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER VA|&#x11d6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER BA|&#x11d6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER BHA|&#x11d6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER MA|&#x11d70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER KA|&#x11d71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER KHA|&#x11d72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER TA|&#x11d73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER THA|&#x11d74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER LA|&#x11d75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER GA|&#x11d76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER GHA|&#x11d77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER DA|&#x11d78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER DHA|&#x11d79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER NA|&#x11d7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER CA|&#x11d7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER CHA|&#x11d7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER TTA|&#x11d7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER TTHA|&#x11d7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER LLA|&#x11d7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER JA|&#x11d80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER JHA|&#x11d81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER DDA|&#x11d82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER DDHA|&#x11d83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER NGA|&#x11d84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER PA|&#x11d85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER PHA|&#x11d86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER HA|&#x11d87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER RA|&#x11d88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER SA|&#x11d89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11d8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11d8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11d8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11d8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11d8e;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN EE|&#x11d90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11d91;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN OO|&#x11d93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11d94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11d95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI SIGN VISARGA|&#x11d96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VIRAMA|&#x11d97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI OM|&#x11d98;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11DAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT ZERO|&#x11da0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT ONE|&#x11da1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT TWO|&#x11da2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT THREE|&#x11da3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT FOUR|&#x11da4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT FIVE|&#x11da5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT SIX|&#x11da6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11da7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11da8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT NINE|&#x11da9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tolong Siki''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11DBx |style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER I|&#x11db0;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER E|&#x11db1;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER U|&#x11db2;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER O|&#x11db3;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER A|&#x11db4;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER AA|&#x11db5;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER P|&#x11db6;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER PH|&#x11db7;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER B|&#x11db8;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER BH|&#x11db9;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER M|&#x11dba;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER T|&#x11dbb;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER TH|&#x11dbc;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER D|&#x11dbd;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER DH|&#x11dbe;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER N|&#x11dbf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11DCx |style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER TT|&#x11dc0;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER TTH|&#x11dc1;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER DD|&#x11dc2;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER DDH|&#x11dc3;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER NN|&#x11dc4;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER C|&#x11dc5;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER CH|&#x11dc6;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER J|&#x11dc7;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER JH|&#x11dc8;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER NY|&#x11dc9;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER K|&#x11dca;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER KH|&#x11dcb;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER G|&#x11dcc;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER GH|&#x11dcd;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER NG|&#x11dce;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER Y|&#x11dcf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11DDx |style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER R|&#x11dd0;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER L|&#x11dd1;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER V|&#x11dd2;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER NNY|&#x11dd3;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER S|&#x11dd4;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER H|&#x11dd5;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER X|&#x11dd6;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER RR|&#x11dd7;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER RRH|&#x11dd8;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI SIGN SELA|&#x11dd9;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI SIGN HECAKA|&#x11dda;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI UNGGA|&#x11ddb;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11DEx |style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT ZERO|&#x11de0;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT ONE|&#x11de1;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT TWO|&#x11de2;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT THREE|&#x11de3;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT FOUR|&#x11de4;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT FIVE|&#x11de5;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT SIX|&#x11de6;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11de7;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11de8;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT NINE|&#x11de9;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Bengali Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11DFx |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE|&#x11df0;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER ALTERNATE BARGIYA BA|&#x11df1;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Tocharian''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Khotanese''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11EAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11EBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11ECx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11EDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Makasar''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11EEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER KA|&#x11ee0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER GA|&#x11ee1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER NGA|&#x11ee2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER PA|&#x11ee3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER BA|&#x11ee4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER MA|&#x11ee5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER TA|&#x11ee6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER DA|&#x11ee7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER NA|&#x11ee8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER CA|&#x11ee9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER JA|&#x11eea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER NYA|&#x11eeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER YA|&#x11eec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER RA|&#x11eed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER LA|&#x11eee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER VA|&#x11eef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11EFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER SA|&#x11ef0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER A|&#x11ef1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR ANGKA|&#x11ef2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11ef3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11ef4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11ef5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11ef6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR PASSIMBANG|&#x11ef7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR END OF SECTION|&#x11ef8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Kawi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11f00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11f01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN REPHA|&#x11f02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN VISARGA|&#x11f03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER A|&#x11f04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER AA|&#x11f05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER I|&#x11f06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER II|&#x11f07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER U|&#x11f08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER UU|&#x11f09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x11f0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x11f0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x11f0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x11f0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER E|&#x11f0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER AI|&#x11f0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER O|&#x11f10;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER KA|&#x11f12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER KHA|&#x11f13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER GA|&#x11f14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER GHA|&#x11f15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER NGA|&#x11f16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER CA|&#x11f17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER CA|&#x11f18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER JA|&#x11f19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER JHA|&#x11f1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER NYA|&#x11f1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER TTA|&#x11f1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER TTHA|&#x11f1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER DDA|&#x11f1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER DDHA|&#x11f1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER NNA|&#x11f20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER TA|&#x11f21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER THA|&#x11f22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER DA|&#x11f23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER DHA|&#x11f24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER NA|&#x11f25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER PA|&#x11f26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER PHA|&#x11f27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER BA|&#x11f28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER BHA|&#x11f29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER MA|&#x11f2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER YA|&#x11f2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER RA|&#x11f2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER LA|&#x11f2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER WA|&#x11f2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER SHA|&#x11f2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER SSA|&#x11f30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER SA|&#x11f31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER HA|&#x11f32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER JNYA|&#x11f33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11f34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN ALTERNATE AA|&#x11f35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11f36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11f37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11f38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11f39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x11f34;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11f3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11f3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN EU|&#x11f40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN KILLER|&#x11f41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI CONJOINER|&#x11f42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DANDA|&#x11f43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x11f44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION SECTION MARKER|&#x11f45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION ALTERNATE SECTION MARKER|&#x11f46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION FLOWER|&#x11f47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION SPACE FILLER|&#x11f48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION DOT|&#x11f49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION DOUBLE DOT|&#x11f4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION TRIPLE DOT|&#x11f4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION CIRCLE|&#x11f4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION FILLED CIRCLE|&#x11f4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION SPIRAL|&#x11f4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION CLOSING SPIRAL|&#x11f4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT ZERO|&#x11f50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT ONE|&#x11f51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT TWO|&#x11f52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT THREE|&#x11f53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT FOUR|&#x11f54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT FIVE|&#x11f55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT SIX|&#x11f56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11f57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11f58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT NINE|&#x11f59;}}||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN NUKTA|&#x11f5a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Pallava''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11FAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Lisu Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11FBx |style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER YHA|&#x11fb0;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tamil Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11FCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE THREE-HUNDRED-AND-TWENTIETH|&#x11fc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE ONE-HUNDRED-AND-SIXTIETH|&#x11fc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE EIGHTIETH|&#x11fc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE SIXTY-FOURTH|&#x11fc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE FORTIETH|&#x11fc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE THIRTY-SECOND|&#x11fc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION THREE EIGHTIETHS|&#x11fc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION THREE SIXTY-FOURTHS|&#x11fc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE TWENTIETH|&#x11fc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH-1|&#x11fc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH-2|&#x11fca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE TENTH|&#x11fcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|&#x11fcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION THREE TWENTIETHS|&#x11fcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION THREE SIXTEENTHS|&#x11fce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE FIFTH|&#x11fcf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11FDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&#x11fd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE HALF-1|&#x11fd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE HALF-2|&#x11fd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION THREE QUARTERS|&#x11fd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION DOWNSCALING FACTOR KIIZH|&#x11fd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN NEL|&#x11fd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN CEVITU|&#x11fd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN AAZHAAKKU|&#x11fd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN UZHAKKU|&#x11fd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN MUUVUZHAKKU|&#x11fd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN KURUNI|&#x11fda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN PATHAKKU|&#x11fdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN MUKKURUNI|&#x11fdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN KAACU|&#x11fdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN PANAM|&#x11fde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN PON|&#x11fdf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11FEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN VARAAKAN|&#x11fe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN PAARAM|&#x11fe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN KUZHI|&#x11fe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN VELI|&#x11fe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL WET CULTIVATION SIGN|&#x11fe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DRY CULTIVATION SIGN|&#x11fe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LAND SIGN|&#x11fe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SALT PAN SIGN|&#x11fe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL TRADITIONAL CREDIT SIGN|&#x11fe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL TRADITIONAL NUMBER SIGN|&#x11fe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL CURRENT SIGN|&#x11fea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL AND ODD SIGN|&#x11feb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SPENT SIGN|&#x11fec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL TOTAL SIGN|&#x11fed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL IN POSSESSION SIGN|&#x11fee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL STARTING FROM SIGN|&#x11fef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11FFx |style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN MUTHALIYA|&#x11ff0;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN VAKAIYARAA|&#x11ff1;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL PUNCTUATION END OF TEXT|&#x11fff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} 4ha3vvfddbhn6zsxdcihk542v5b3gcl 4680850 4680849 2026-11-08T05:18:47Z ILYA125467 3627024 Fixed Roadmap blocks 4680850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Brahmi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1100x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN VISARGA|&#x11002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&#x11003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN UPADHMANIYA|&#x11004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER A|&#x11005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER AA|&#x11006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER I|&#x11007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER II|&#x11008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER U|&#x11009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER UU|&#x1100a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x1100b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x1100c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x1100d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x1100e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER E|&#x1100f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1101x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER AI|&#x11010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER O|&#x11011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER AU|&#x11012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER KA|&#x11013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER KHA|&#x11014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER GA|&#x11015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER GHA|&#x11016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER NGA|&#x11017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER CA|&#x11018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER CHA|&#x11019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER JA|&#x1101a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER JHA|&#x1101b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER NYA|&#x1101c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER TTA|&#x1101d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER TTHA|&#x1101e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER DDA|&#x1101f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1102x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER DDHA|&#x11020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER NNA|&#x11021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER TA|&#x11022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER THA|&#x11023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER DA|&#x11024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER DHA|&#x11025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER NA|&#x11026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER PA|&#x11027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER PHA|&#x11028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER BA|&#x11029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER BHA|&#x1102a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER MA|&#x1102b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER YA|&#x1102c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER RA|&#x1102d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER LA|&#x1102e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER VA|&#x1102f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1103x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER SHA|&#x11030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER SSA|&#x11031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER SA|&#x11032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER HA|&#x11033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER LLA|&#x11034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL LLLA|&#x11035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL RRA|&#x11036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL NNNA|&#x11037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN BHATTIPROLU AA|&#x11039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1103a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x1103b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1103c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x1103d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x1103e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x1103f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1104x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x11040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x11041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VIRAMA|&nbsp;&#x11046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DANDA|&#x11047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x11048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI PUNCTUATION DOT|&#x11049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI PUNCTUATION DOUBLE DOT|&#x1104a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI PUNCTUATION LINE|&#x1104b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI PUNCTUATION CRESCENT BAR|&#x1104c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI PUNCTUATION LOTUS|&#x1104d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1105x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER ONE|&#x11052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER TWO|&#x11053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER THREE|&#x11054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER FOUR|&#x11055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER FIVE|&#x11056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER SIX|&#x11057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER SEVEN|&#x11058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER EIGHT|&#x11059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER NINE|&#x1105a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER TEN|&#x1105b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER TWENTY|&#x1105c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER THIRTY|&#x1105d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER FORTY|&#x1105e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER FIFTY|&#x1105f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1106x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER SIXTY|&#x11060;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x11061;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x11062;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER NINETY|&#x11063;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x11064;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#x11065;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT ZERO|&#x11066;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT ONE|&#x11067;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT TWO|&#x11068;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT THREE|&#x11069;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT FOUR|&#x1106a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT FIVE|&#x1106b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT SIX|&#x1106c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1106d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1106e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT NINE|&#x1106f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1107x |style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN OLD TAMIL VIRAMA|&#x11070;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL SHORT E|&#x11071;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL SHORT O|&#x11072;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN OLD TAMIL SHORT E|&#x11073;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN OLD TAMIL SHORT O|&#x11074;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL LLA|&#x11075;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI MINIMIZING VIRAMA|&#x1107e;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER JOINER|[BNJ]}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Kaithi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1108x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SIGN VISARGA|&#x11082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER A|&#x11083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER AA|&#x11084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER I|&#x11085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER II|&#x11086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER U|&#x11087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER UU|&#x11088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER E|&#x11089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER AI|&#x1108a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER O|&#x1108b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER AU|&#x1108c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER KA|&#x1108d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER KHA|&#x1108e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER GA|&#x1108f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1109x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER GHA|&#x11090;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER NGA|&#x11091;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER CA|&#x11092;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER CHA|&#x11093;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER JA|&#x11094;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER JHA|&#x11095;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER NYA|&#x11096;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER TTA|&#x11097;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER TTHA|&#x11098;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER DDA|&#x11099;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER DDDHA|&#x1109a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER DDHA|&#x1109b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER RHA|&#x1109c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER NNA|&#x1109d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER TA|&#x1109e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER THA|&#x1109f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|110Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER DA|&#x110a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER DHA|&#x110a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER NA|&#x110a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER PA|&#x110a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER PHA|&#x110a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER BA|&#x110a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER BHA|&#x110a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER MA|&#x110a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER YA|&#x110a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER RA|&#x110a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER LA|&#x110aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER VA|&#x110ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER SHA|&#x110ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER SSA|&#x110ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER SA|&#x110ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER HA|&#x110af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|110Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x110b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x110b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x110b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x110b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x110b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x110b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x110b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x110b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x110b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x110b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SIGN NUKTA|&#x110ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x110bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI ENUMERATION SIGN|&#x110bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI NUMBER SIGN|&#x110bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SECTION MARK|&#x110be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI DOUBLE SECTION MARK|&#x110bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|110Cx |style="background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI DANDA|&#x110c0;}}||style="background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x110c1;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x110c2;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI NUMBER SIGN ABOVE|&#x110cd;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sora Sompeng''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|110Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER SAH|&#x110d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER TAH|&#x110d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER BAH|&#x110d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER CAH|&#x110d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER DAH|&#x110d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER GAH|&#x110d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER MAH|&#x110d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER NGAH|&#x110d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER LAH|&#x110d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER NAH|&#x110d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER VAH|&#x110da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER PAH|&#x110db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER YAH|&#x110dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER RAH|&#x110dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER HAH|&#x110de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER KAH|&#x110df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|110Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER JAH|&#x110e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER NYAH|&#x110e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER AH|&#x110e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER EEH|&#x110e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER IH|&#x110e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER UH|&#x110e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER OH|&#x110e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER EH|&#x110e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER MAE|&#x110e8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|110Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT ZERO|&#x110f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT ONE|&#x110f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT TWO|&#x110f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT THREE|&#x110f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT FOUR|&#x110f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT FIVE|&#x110f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT SIX|&#x110f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT SEVEN|&#x110f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT EIGHT|&#x110f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT NINE|&#x110f9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Chakma''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1110x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA SIGN VISARGA|&#x11102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER AA|&#x11103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER I|&#x11104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER U|&#x11105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER E|&#x11106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER KAA|&#x11107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER KHAA|&#x11108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER GAA|&#x11109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER GHAA|&#x1110a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER NGAA|&#x1110b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER CAA|&#x1110c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER CHAA|&#x1110d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER JAA|&#x1110e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER JHAA|&#x1110f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1111x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER NYAA|&#x11110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER TTAA|&#x11111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER TTHAA|&#x11112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER DDAA|&#x11113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER DDHAA|&#x11114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER NNAA|&#x11115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER TAA|&#x11116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER THAA|&#x11117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER DAA|&#x11118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER DHAA|&#x11119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER NAA|&#x1111a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER PAA|&#x1111b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER PHAA|&#x1111c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER BAA|&#x1111d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER BHAA|&#x1111e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER MAA|&#x1111f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1112x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER YYAA|&#x11120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER YAA|&#x11121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER RAA|&#x11122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER LAA|&#x11123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER WAA|&#x11124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER SAA|&#x11125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER HAA|&#x11126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN A|&#x11127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1112a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x1112b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN E|&#x1112c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x1112d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN O|&#x1112e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x1112f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1113x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN OI|&#x11130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA O MARK|&#x11131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA AU MARK|&#x11132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VIRAMA|&#x11133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA MAAYYAA|&#x11134;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT ZERO|&#x11136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT ONE|&#x11137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT TWO|&#x11138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT THREE|&#x11139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT FOUR|&#x1113a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT FIVE|&#x1113b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT SIX|&#x1113c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1113d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1113e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT NINE|&#x1113f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1114x |style="background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA SECTION MARK|&#x11140;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DANDA|&#x11141;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DOUBLE DANDA|&#x11142;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA QUESTION MARK|&#x11143;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER LHAA|&#x11144;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11145;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN EI|&#x11146;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER VAA|&#x11147;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Mahajani''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1115x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER A|&#x11150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER I|&#x11151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER U|&#x11152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER E|&#x11153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER O|&#x11154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER KA|&#x11155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER KHA|&#x11156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER GA|&#x11157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER GHA|&#x11158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER CA|&#x11159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER CHA|&#x1115a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER JA|&#x1115b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER JHA|&#x1115c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER NYA|&#x1115d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER TTA|&#x1115e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER TTHA|&#x1115f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1116x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER DDA|&#x11160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER DDHA|&#x11161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER NNA|&#x11162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER TA|&#x11163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER THA|&#x11164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER DA|&#x11165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER DHA|&#x11166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER NA|&#x11167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER PA|&#x11168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER PHA|&#x11169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER BA|&#x1116a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER BHA|&#x1116b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER MA|&#x1116c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER RA|&#x1116d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER LA|&#x1116e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER VA|&#x1116f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1117x |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER SA|&#x11170;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER HA|&#x11171;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER RRA|&#x11172;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI SIGN NUKTA|&#x11173;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x11174;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI SECTION MARK|&#x11175;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LIGATURE SHRI|&#x11176;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sharada''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1118x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN VISARGA|&#x11182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER A|&#x11183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER AA|&#x11184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER I|&#x11185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER II|&#x11186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER U|&#x11187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER UU|&#x11188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x11189;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x1118a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x1118b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x1118c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER E|&#x1118d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER AI|&#x1118e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER O|&#x1118f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1119x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER AU|&#x11190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER KA|&#x11191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER KHA|&#x11192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER GA|&#x11193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER GHA|&#x11194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER NGA|&#x11195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER CA|&#x11196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER CHA|&#x11197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER JA|&#x11198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER JHA|&#x11199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER NYA|&#x1119a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER TTA|&#x1119b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER TTHA|&#x1119c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER DDA|&#x1119d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER DDHA|&#x1119e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER NNA|&#x1119f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|111Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER TA|&#x111a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER THA|&#x111a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER DA|&#x111a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER DHA|&#x111a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER NA|&#x111a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER PA|&#x111a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER PHA|&#x111a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER BA|&#x111a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER BHA|&#x111a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER MA|&#x111a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER YA|&#x111aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER RA|&#x111ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER LA|&#x111ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER LLA|&#x111ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER VA|&#x111ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER SHA|&#x111af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|111Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER SSA|&#x111b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER SA|&#x111b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER HA|&#x111b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x111b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN I|&#x111b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN II|&#x111b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN U|&#x111b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x111b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x111b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x111b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x111ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x111bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN E|&#x111bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x111bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN O|&#x111be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x111bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|111Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN VIRAMA|&#x111c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x111c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&#x111c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN UPADHMANIYA|&#x111c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA OM|&#x111c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DANDA|&#x111c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DOUBLE DANDA|&#x111c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x111c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SEPARATOR|&#x111c8;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SANDHI MARK|&#x111c9;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN NUKTA|&#x111ca;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL MODIFIER MARK|&#x111cb;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA EXTRA SHORT VOWEL MARK|&#x111cc;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SUTRA MARK|&#x111cd;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E|&#x111ce;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN INVERTED CANDRABINDU|&#x111cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|111Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT ZERO|&#x111d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT ONE|&#x111d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT TWO|&#x111d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT THREE|&#x111d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT FOUR|&#x111d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT FIVE|&#x111d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT SIX|&#x111d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT SEVEN|&#x111d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT EIGHT|&#x111d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT NINE|&#x111d9;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA EKAM|&#x111da;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN SIDDHAM|&#x111db;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA HEADSTROKE|&#x111dc;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA CONTINUATION SIGN|&#x111dd;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SECTION MARK-1|&#x111de;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SECTION MARK-2|&#x111df;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sinhala Archaic Numbers''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|111Ex |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT ONE|&#x111e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT TWO|&#x111e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT THREE|&#x111e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT FOUR|&#x111e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT FIVE|&#x111e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT SIX|&#x111e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT SEVEN|&#x111e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT EIGHT|&#x111e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT NINE|&#x111e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER TEN|&#x111ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER TWENTY|&#x111eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER THIRTY|&#x111ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER FORTY|&#x111ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER FIFTY|&#x111ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER SIXTY|&#x111ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|111Fx |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x111f0;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x111f1;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER NINETY|&#x111f2;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x111f3;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#x111f4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Khojki''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1120x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER A|&#x11200;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER AA|&#x11201;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER I|&#x11202;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER U|&#x11203;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER E|&#x11204;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER AI|&#x11205;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER O|&#x11206;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER AU|&#x11207;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER KA|&#x11208;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER KHA|&#x11209;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER GA|&#x1120a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER GGA|&#x1120b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER GHA|&#x1120c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER NGA|&#x1120d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER CA|&#x1120e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER CHA|&#x1120f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1121x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER JA|&#x11210;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER JJA|&#x11211;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER NYA|&#x11213;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER TTA|&#x11214;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER TTHA|&#x11215;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER DDA|&#x11216;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER DDHA|&#x11217;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER NNA|&#x11218;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER TA|&#x11219;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER THA|&#x1121a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER DA|&#x1121b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER DDDA|&#x1121c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER DHA|&#x1121d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER NA|&#x1121e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER PA|&#x1121f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1122x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER PHA|&#x11220;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER BA|&#x11221;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER BBA|&#x11222;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER BHA|&#x11223;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER MA|&#x11224;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER YA|&#x11225;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER RA|&#x11226;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER LA|&#x11227;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER VA|&#x11228;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER SA|&#x11229;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER HA|&#x1122a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER LLA|&#x1122b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x1122c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1122d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x1122e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1122f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1123x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11230;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11231;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11232;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11233;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11234;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x11235;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SIGN NUKTA|&#x11236;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SIGN SHADDA|&#x11237;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI DANDA|&#x11238;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x11239;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI WORD SEPARATOR|&#x1123a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SECTION MARK|&#x1123b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI DOUBLE SECTION MARK|&#x1123c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x1123d;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SIGN SUKUN|&#x1123e;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER QA|&#x1123f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1124x |style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER SHORT I|&#x11240;}}||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x11241;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Landa''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1125x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1126x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1127x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Multani''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1128x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER A|&#x11280;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER I|&#x11281;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER U|&#x11282;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER E|&#x11283;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER KA|&#x11284;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER KHA|&#x11285;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER GA|&#x11286;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER GHA|&#x11288;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER CA|&#x1128a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER CHA|&#x1128b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER JA|&#x1128c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER JJA|&#x1128d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER NYA|&#x1128f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1129x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER TTA|&#x11290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER TTHA|&#x11291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER DDA|&#x11292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER DDDA|&#x11293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER DDHA|&#x11294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER NNA|&#x11295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER TA|&#x11296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER THA|&#x11297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER DA|&#x11298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER DHA|&#x11299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER NA|&#x1129a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER PA|&#x1129b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER PHA|&#x1129c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER BA|&#x1129d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER BHA|&#x1129f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|112Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER MA|&#x112a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER YA|&#x112a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER RA|&#x112a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER LA|&#x112a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER VA|&#x112a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER SA|&#x112a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER HA|&#x112a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER RRA|&#x112a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER RHA|&#x112a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI SECTION MARK|&#x112a9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Khudawadi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|112Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER A|&#x112b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER AA|&#x112b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER I|&#x112b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER II|&#x112b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER U|&#x112b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER UU|&#x112b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER E|&#x112b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER AI|&#x112b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER O|&#x112b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER AU|&#x112b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER KA|&#x112ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER KHA|&#x112bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER GA|&#x112bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER GGA|&#x112bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER GHA|&#x112be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER NGA|&#x112bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|112Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER CA|&#x112c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER CHA|&#x112c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER JA|&#x112c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER JJA|&#x112c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER JHA|&#x112c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER NYA|&#x112c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER TTA|&#x112c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER TTHA|&#x112c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER DDA|&#x112c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER DDDA|&#x112c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER RRA|&#x112ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER DDHA|&#x112cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER NNA|&#x112cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER TA|&#x112cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER THA|&#x112ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER DA|&#x112cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|112Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER DHA|&#x112d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER NA|&#x112d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER PA|&#x112d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER PHA|&#x112d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER BA|&#x112d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER BBA|&#x112d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER BHA|&#x112d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER MA|&#x112d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER YA|&#x112d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER RA|&#x112d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER LA|&#x112da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER VA|&#x112db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER SHA|&#x112dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER SA|&#x112dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER HA|&#x112de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x112df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|112Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x112e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x112e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x112e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x112e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x112e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x112e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x112e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x112e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x112e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI SIGN NUKTA|&#x112e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x112ea;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|112Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT ZERO|&#x112f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT ONE|&#x112f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT TWO|&#x112f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT THREE|&#x112f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT FOUR|&#x112f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT FIVE|&#x112f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT SIX|&#x112f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x112f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x112f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT NINE|&#x112f9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Grantha''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1130x |style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE|&#x11300;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN VISARGA|&#x11303;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER A|&#x11305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER AA|&#x11306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER I|&#x11307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER II|&#x11308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER U|&#x11309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER UU|&#x1130a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x1130b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x1130c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER EE|&#x1130f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1131x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER AI|&#x11310;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER OO|&#x11313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER AU|&#x11314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER KA|&#x11315;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER KHA|&#x11316;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER GA|&#x11317;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER GHA|&#x11318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER NGA|&#x11319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER CA|&#x1131a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER CHA|&#x1131b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER JA|&#x1131c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER JHA|&#x1131d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER NYA|&#x1131e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER TTA|&#x1131f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1132x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER TTHA|&#x11320;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER DDA|&#x11321;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER DDHA|&#x11322;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER NNA|&#x11323;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER TA|&#x11324;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER THA|&#x11325;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER DA|&#x11326;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER DHA|&#x11327;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER NA|&#x11328;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER PA|&#x1132a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER PHA|&#x1132b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER BA|&#x1132c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER BHA|&#x1132d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER MA|&#x1132e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER YA|&#x1132f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1133x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER RA|&#x11330;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER LA|&#x11332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER LLA|&#x11333;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VA|&#x11335;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER SHA|&#x11336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER SSA|&#x11337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER SA|&#x11338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER HA|&#x11339;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING BINDU BELOW|&#x1133b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN NUKTA|&#x1133c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x1133d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x1133e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1133f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1134x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11340;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11341;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11342;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x11343;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x11344;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN EE|&#x11347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11348;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN OO|&#x1134b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x1134c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN VIRAMA|&#x1134d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1135x |style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA OM|&#x11350;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA AU LENGTH MARK|&#x11357;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN PLUTA|&#x1135d;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA|&#x1135e;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VEDIC DOUBLE ANUSVARA|&#x1135f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1136x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x11360;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x11361;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x11362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x11363;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT ZERO|&#x11366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT ONE|&#x11367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT TWO|&#x11368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT THREE|&#x11369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT FOUR|&#x1136a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT FIVE|&#x1136b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT SIX|&#x1136c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1137x |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER A|&#x11370;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER KA|&#x11371;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER NA|&#x11372;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER VI|&#x11373;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER PA|&#x11374;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tulu-Tigalari''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1138x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER A|&#x11380;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER AA|&#x11381;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER I|&#x11382;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER II|&#x11383;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER U|&#x11384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER UU|&#x11385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x11386;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x11387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x11388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x11389;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER EE|&#x1138b;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER AI|&#x1138e;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1139x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER OO|&#x11390;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER AU|&#x11391;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER KA|&#x11392;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER KHA|&#x11393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER GA|&#x11394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER GHA|&#x11395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER NGA|&#x11396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER CA|&#x11397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER CHA|&#x11398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER JA|&#x11399;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER JHA|&#x1139a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER NYA|&#x1139b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER TTA|&#x1139c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER TTHA|&#x1139d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER DDA|&#x1139e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER DDHA|&#x1139f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|113Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER NNA|&#x113a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER TA|&#x113a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER THA|&#x113a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER DA|&#x113a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER DHA|&#x113a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER NA|&#x113a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER PA|&#x113a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER PHA|&#x113a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER BA|&#x113a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER BHA|&#x113a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER MA|&#x113aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER YA|&#x113ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER RA|&#x113ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER LA|&#x113ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER VA|&#x113ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER SHA|&#x113af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|113Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER SSA|&#x113b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER SA|&#x113b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER HA|&#x113b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER LLA|&#x113b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER RRA|&#x113b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER LLLA|&#x113b5;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x113b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x113b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x113b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x113ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x113bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x113bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x113bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x113be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x113bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|113Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x113c0;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN EE|&#x113c2;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x113c5;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN OO|&#x113c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x113c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI AU LENGTH MARK|&#x113c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN CANDRA ANUNASIKA|&#x113ca;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE|&#x113cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x113cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN VISARGA|&#x113cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x113ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN LOOPED VIRAMA|&#x113cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|113Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI CONJOINER|&#x113d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI REPHA|&#x113d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI GEMINATION MARK|&#x113d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN PLUTA|&#x113d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI DANDA|&#x113d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x113d5;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN OM PUSHPIKA|&#x113d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN SHRII PUSHPIKA|&#x113d8;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN OM PUSHPIKA WITH TAIL|&#x113d9;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN SHRII PUSHPIKA WITH TAIL|&#x113da;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER ARCHAIC II|&#x113db;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|113Ex |&nbsp;||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VEDIC TONE SVARITA|&#x113e1;}}||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VEDIC TONE ANUDATTA|&#x113e2;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|113Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Newa''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1140x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER A|&#x11400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER AA|&#x11401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER I|&#x11402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER II|&#x11403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER U|&#x11404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER UU|&#x11405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x11406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x11407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x11408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x11409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER E|&#x1140a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER AI|&#x1140b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER O|&#x1140c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER AU|&#x1140d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER KA|&#x1140e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER KHA|&#x1140f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1141x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER GA|&#x11410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER GHA|&#x11411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NGA|&#x11412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NGHA|&#x11413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER CA|&#x11414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER CHA|&#x11415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER JA|&#x11416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER JHA|&#x11417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NYA|&#x11418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NYHA|&#x11419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER TTA|&#x1141a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER TTHA|&#x1141b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER DDA|&#x1141c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER DDHA|&#x1141d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NNA|&#x1141e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER TA|&#x1141f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1142x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER THA|&#x11420;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER DA|&#x11421;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER DHA|&#x11422;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NA|&#x11423;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NHA|&#x11424;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER PA|&#x11425;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER PHA|&#x11426;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER BA|&#x11427;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER BHA|&#x11428;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER MA|&#x11429;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER MHA|&#x1142a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER YA|&#x1142b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER RA|&#x1142c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER RHA|&#x1142d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER LA|&#x1142e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER LHA|&#x1142f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1143x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER WA|&#x11430;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER SHA|&#x11431;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER SSA|&#x11432;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER SA|&#x11433;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER HA|&#x11434;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11435;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11436;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11437;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11438;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11439;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x1143a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x1143b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x1143c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x1143d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN E|&#x1143e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x1143f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1144x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN VIRAMA|&#x11442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN VISARGA|&#x11445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN NUKTA|&#x11446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x11447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN FINAL ANUSVARA|&#x11448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA OM|&#x11449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIDDHI|&#x1144a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DANDA|&#x1144b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DOUBLE DANDA|&#x1144c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA COMMA|&#x1144d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA GAP FILLER|&#x1144e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x1144f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1145x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT ZERO|&#x11450;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT ONE|&#x11451;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT TWO|&#x11452;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT THREE|&#x11453;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT FOUR|&#x11454;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT FIVE|&#x11455;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT SIX|&#x11456;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11457;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11458;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT NINE|&#x11459;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DOUBLE COMMA|&#x1145a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA PLACEHOLDER MARK|&#x1145b;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA INSERTION SIGN|&#x1145d;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SANDHI MARK|&#x1145e;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA|&#x1145f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1146x |style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&#x11460;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN UPHADHMANIYA|&#x11461;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER HEAVY YA|&#x11462;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1147x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tirhuta''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1148x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA ANJI|&#x11480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER A|&#x11481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER AA|&#x11482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER I|&#x11483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER II|&#x11484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER U|&#x11485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER UU|&#x11486;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x11487;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x11488;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x11489;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x1148a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER E|&#x1148b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER AI|&#x1148c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER O|&#x1148d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER AU|&#x1148e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER KA|&#x1148f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1149x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER KHA|&#x11490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER GA|&#x11491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER GHA|&#x11492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER NGA|&#x11493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER CA|&#x11494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER CHA|&#x11495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER JA|&#x11496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER JHA|&#x11497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER NYA|&#x11498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER TTA|&#x11499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER TTHA|&#x1149a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER DDA|&#x1149b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER DDHA|&#x1149c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER NNA|&#x1149d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER TA|&#x1149e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER THA|&#x1149f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|114Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER DA|&#x114a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER DHA|&#x114a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER NA|&#x114a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER PA|&#x114a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER PHA|&#x114a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER BA|&#x114a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER BHA|&#x114a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER MA|&#x114a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER YA|&#x114a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER RA|&#x114a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER LA|&#x114aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER VA|&#x114ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER SHA|&#x114ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER SSA|&#x114ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER SA|&#x114ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER HA|&#x114af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|114Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x114b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN I|&#x114b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN II|&#x114b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN U|&#x114b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x114b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x114b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x114b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x114b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x114b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN E|&#x114b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN SHORT E|&#x114ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x114bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN O|&#x114bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN SHORT O|&#x114bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x114be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x114bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|114Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x114c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN VISARGA|&#x114c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN VIRAMA|&#x114c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN NUKTA|&#x114c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x114c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA GVANG|&#x114c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x114c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA OM|&#x114c7;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|114Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT ZERO|&#x114d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT ONE|&#x114d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT TWO|&#x114d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT THREE|&#x114d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT FOUR|&#x114d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT FIVE|&#x114d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT SIX|&#x114d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT SEVEN|&#x114d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT EIGHT|&#x114d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT NINE|&#x114d9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Tani Lipi''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|114Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|114Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Ranjana''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1150x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1151x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1152x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1153x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1154x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1155x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1156x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1157x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Siddham''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1158x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER A|&#x11580;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER AA|&#x11581;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER I|&#x11582;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER II|&#x11583;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER U|&#x11584;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER UU|&#x11585;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x11586;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x11587;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x11588;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x11589;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER E|&#x1158a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER AI|&#x1158b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER O|&#x1158c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER AU|&#x1158d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER KA|&#x1158e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER KHA|&#x1158f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1159x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER GA|&#x11590;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER GHA|&#x11591;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER NGA|&#x11592;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER CA|&#x11593;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER CHA|&#x11594;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER JA|&#x11595;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER JHA|&#x11596;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER NYA|&#x11597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER TTA|&#x11598;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER TTHA|&#x11599;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER DDA|&#x1159a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER DDHA|&#x1159b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER NNA|&#x1159c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER TA|&#x1159d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER THA|&#x1159e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER DA|&#x1159f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|115Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER DHA|&#x115a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER NA|&#x115a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER PA|&#x115a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER PHA|&#x115a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER BA|&#x115a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER BHA|&#x115a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER MA|&#x115a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER YA|&#x115a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER RA|&#x115a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER LA|&#x115a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER VA|&#x115aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER SHA|&#x115ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER SSA|&#x115ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER SA|&#x115ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER HA|&#x115ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x115af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|115Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN I|&#x115b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN II|&#x115b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN U|&#x115b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x115b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x115b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x115b5;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN E|&#x115b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x115b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN O|&#x115ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x115bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x115bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x115bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN VISARGA|&#x115be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN VIRAMA|&#x115bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|115Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN NUKTA|&#x115c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN SIDDHAM|&#x115c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM DANDA|&#x115c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM DOUBLE DANDA|&#x115c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SEPARATOR DOT|&#x115c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SEPARATOR BAR|&#x115c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM REPETITION MARK-1|&#x115c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM REPETITION MARK-2|&#x115c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM REPETITION MARK-3|&#x115c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM END OF TEXT MARK|&#x115c9;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH TRIDENT AND U-SHAPED ORNAMENTS|&#x115ca;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH TRIDENT AND DOTTED CRESCENTS|&#x115cb;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH RAYS AND DOTTED CRESCENTS|&#x115cc;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH RAYS AND DOTTED DOUBLE CRESCENTS|&#x115cd;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH RAYS AND DOTTED TRIPLE CRESCENTS|&#x115ce;}}||style="background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK DOUBLE RING|&#x115cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|115Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK DOUBLE RING WITH RAYS|&#x115d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH DOUBLE CRESCENTS|&#x115d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH TRIPLE CRESCENTS|&#x115d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH QUADRUPLE CRESCENTS|&#x115d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH SEPTUPLE CRESCENTS|&#x115d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH CIRCLES AND RAYS|&#x115d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH CIRCLES AND TWO ENCLOSURES|&#x115d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH CIRCLES AND FOUR ENCLOSURES|&#x115d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER THREE-CIRCLE ALTERNATE I|&#x115d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER TWO-CIRCLE ALTERNATE I|&#x115d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER TWO-CIRCLE ALTERNATE II|&#x115da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER ALTERNATE U|&#x115db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN ALTERNATE U|&#x115dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN ALTERNATE UU|&#x115dd;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|115Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|115Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Modi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1160x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER A|&#x11600;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER AA|&#x11601;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER I|&#x11602;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER II|&#x11603;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER U|&#x11604;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER UU|&#x11605;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x11606;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x11607;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x11608;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x11609;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER E|&#x1160a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER AI|&#x1160b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER O|&#x1160c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER AU|&#x1160d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER KA|&#x1160e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER KHA|&#x1160f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1161x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER GA|&#x11610;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER GHA|&#x11611;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER NGA|&#x11612;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER CA|&#x11613;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER CHA|&#x11614;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER JA|&#x11615;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER JHA|&#x11616;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER NYA|&#x11617;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER TTA|&#x11618;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER TTHA|&#x11619;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER DDA|&#x1161a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER DDHA|&#x1161b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER NNA|&#x1161c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER TA|&#x1161d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER THA|&#x1161e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER DA|&#x1161f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1162x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER DHA|&#x11620;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER NA|&#x11621;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER PA|&#x11622;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER PHA|&#x11623;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER BA|&#x11624;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER BHA|&#x11625;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER MA|&#x11626;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER YA|&#x11627;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER RA|&#x11628;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER LA|&#x11629;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER VA|&#x1162a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER SHA|&#x1162b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER SSA|&#x1162c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER SA|&#x1162d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER HA|&#x1162e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER LLA|&#x1162f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1163x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11630;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11631;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11632;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11633;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11634;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x11635;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x11636;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x11637;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x11638;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11639;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x1163a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x1163b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x1163c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x1163d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI SIGN VISARGA|&#x1163e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x1163f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1164x |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI SIGN ARDHACANDRA|&#x11640;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DANDA|&#x11641;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x11642;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x11643;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI SIGN HUVA|&#x11644;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1165x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT ZERO|&#x11650;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT ONE|&#x11651;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT TWO|&#x11652;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT THREE|&#x11653;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT FOUR|&#x11654;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT FIVE|&#x11655;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT SIX|&#x11656;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11657;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11658;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT NINE|&#x11659;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Mongolian Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1166x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT|&#x11660;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN ROTATED BIRGA|&#x11661;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN DOUBLE BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT|&#x11662;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN TRIPLE BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT|&#x11663;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT|&#x11664;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN ROTATED BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT|&#x11665;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN ROTATED BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT|&#x11666;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN INVERTED BIRGA|&#x11667;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN INVERTED BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT|&#x11668;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN SWIRL BIRGA|&#x11669;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN SWIRL BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT|&#x1166a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN SWIRL BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT|&#x1166b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN TURNED SWIRL BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT|&#x1166c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1167x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Takri''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1168x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER A|&#x11680;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER AA|&#x11681;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER I|&#x11682;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER II|&#x11683;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER U|&#x11684;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER UU|&#x11685;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER E|&#x11686;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER AI|&#x11687;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER O|&#x11688;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER AU|&#x11689;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER KA|&#x1168a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER KHA|&#x1168b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER GA|&#x1168c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER GHA|&#x1168d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER NGA|&#x1168e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER CA|&#x1168f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1169x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER CHA|&#x11690;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER JA|&#x11691;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER JHA|&#x11692;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER NYA|&#x11693;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER TTA|&#x11694;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER TTHA|&#x11695;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER DDA|&#x11696;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER DDHA|&#x11697;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER NNA|&#x11698;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER TA|&#x11699;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER THA|&#x1169a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER DA|&#x1169b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER DHA|&#x1169c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER NA|&#x1169d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER PA|&#x1169e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER PHA|&#x1169f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|116Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER BA|&#x116a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER BHA|&#x116a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER MA|&#x116a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER YA|&#x116a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER RA|&#x116a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER LA|&#x116a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER VA|&#x116a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER SHA|&#x116a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER SA|&#x116a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER HA|&#x116a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER RRA|&#x116aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x116ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI SIGN VISARGA|&#x116ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x116ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x116ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x116af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|116Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x116b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x116b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x116b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x116b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x116b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x116b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x116b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI SIGN NUKTA|&#x116b7;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER ARCHAIC KHA|&#x116b8;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x116b9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|116Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT ZERO|&#x116c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT ONE|&#x116c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT TWO|&#x116c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT THREE|&#x116c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT FOUR|&#x116c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT FIVE|&#x116c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT SIX|&#x116c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x116c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x116c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT NINE|&#x116c9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Myanmar Extended-C''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|116Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT ZERO|&#x116d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT ONE|&#x116d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT TWO|&#x116d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT THREE|&#x116d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT FOUR|&#x116d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT FIVE|&#x116d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT SIX|&#x116d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT SEVEN|&#x116d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT EIGHT|&#x116d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT NINE|&#x116d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT ZERO|&#x116da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT ONE|&#x116db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT TWO|&#x116dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT THREE|&#x116dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT FOUR|&#x116de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT FIVE|&#x116df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|116Ex |style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT SIX|&#x116e0;}}||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT SEVEN|&#x116e1;}}||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT EIGHT|&#x116e2;}}||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT NINE|&#x116e3;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|116Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Ahom''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1170x |{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER KA|&#x11700;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER KHA|&#x11701;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER NGA|&#x11702;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER NA|&#x11703;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER TA|&#x11704;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER ALTERNATE TA|&#x11705;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER PA|&#x11706;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER PHA|&#x11707;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER BA|&#x11708;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER MA|&#x11709;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER JA|&#x1170a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER CHA|&#x1170b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER THA|&#x1170c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER RA|&#x1170d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER LA|&#x1170e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER SA|&#x1170f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1171x |{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER NYA|&#x11710;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER HA|&#x11711;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER A|&#x11712;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER DA|&#x11713;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER DHA|&#x11714;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER GA|&#x11715;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER ALTERNATE GA|&#x11716;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER GHA|&#x11717;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER BHA|&#x11718;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER JHA|&#x11719;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER ALTERNATE BA|&#x1171a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL LA|&#x1171d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL RA|&#x1171e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL LIGATING RA|&#x1171f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1172x |{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN A|&#x11720;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11721;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11722;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11723;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11724;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11725;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11726;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN AW|&#x11727;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11728;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11729;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN AM|&#x1172a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM SIGN KILLER|&#x1172b;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1173x |{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT ZERO|&#x11730;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT ONE|&#x11731;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT TWO|&#x11732;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT THREE|&#x11733;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT FOUR|&#x11734;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT FIVE|&#x11735;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT SIX|&#x11736;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11737;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11738;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT NINE|&#x11739;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM NUMBER TEN|&#x1173a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM NUMBER TWENTY|&#x1173b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM SIGN SMALL SECTION|&#x1173c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM SIGN SECTION|&#x1173d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM SIGN RULAI|&#x1173e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM SYMBOL VI|&#x1173f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1174x |style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER CA|&#x11740;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER TTA|&#x11741;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER TTHA|&#x11742;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER DDA|&#x11743;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER DDHA|&#x11744;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER NNA|&#x11745;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER LLA|&#x11746;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Zou''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1175x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1176x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1177x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1178x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1179x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|117Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Pyu''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|117Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|117Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|117Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|117Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|117Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Dogra''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1180x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER A|&#x11800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER AA|&#x11801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER I|&#x11802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER II|&#x11803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER U|&#x11804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER UU|&#x11805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER E|&#x11806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER AI|&#x11807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER O|&#x11808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER AU|&#x11809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER KA|&#x1180a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER KHA|&#x1180b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER GA|&#x1180c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER GHA|&#x1180d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER NGA|&#x1180e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER CA|&#x1180f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1181x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER CHA|&#x11810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER JA|&#x11811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER JHA|&#x11812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER NYA|&#x11813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER TTA|&#x11814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER TTHA|&#x11815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER DDA|&#x11816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER DDHA|&#x11817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER NNA|&#x11818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER TA|&#x11819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER THA|&#x1181a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER DA|&#x1181b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER DHA|&#x1181c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER NA|&#x1181d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER PA|&#x1181e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER PHA|&#x1181f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1182x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER BA|&#x11820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER BHA|&#x11821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER MA|&#x11822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER YA|&#x11823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER RA|&#x11824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER LA|&#x11825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER VA|&#x11826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER SHA|&#x11827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER SSA|&#x11828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER SA|&#x11829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER HA|&#x1182a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER RRA|&#x1182b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x1182c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1182d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN II|&#x1182e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1182f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1183x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x11831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x11832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN VISARGA|&#x11838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN VIRAMA|&#x11839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN NUKTA|&#x1183a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x1183b;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x1183c;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x1183d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1184x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sirmauri''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1185x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER A|&#x11850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER I|&#x11851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER U|&#x11852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER E|&#x11853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER KA|&#x11854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER KHA|&#x11855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER GA|&#x11856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER GHA|&#x11857;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER CA|&#x11859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER CHA|&#x1185a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER JA|&#x1185b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER JHA|&#x1185c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER TTA|&#x1185e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER TTHA|&#x1185f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1186x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER DDA|&#x11860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER DDHA|&#x11861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER NNA|&#x11862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER TA|&#x11863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THA|&#x11864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER DA|&#x11865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER DHA|&#x11866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER NA|&#x11867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER PA|&#x11868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER PHA|&#x11869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER BA|&#x1186a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER BHA|&#x1186b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER MA|&#x1186c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER YA|&#x1186d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER RA|&#x1186e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER LA|&#x1186f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1187x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER SA|&#x11873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER HA|&#x11874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11875;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11878;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x1187a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x1187b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x1187c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x1187d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x1187e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI SIGN VISARGA|&#x1187f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1188x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI SIGN HALANTA|&#x11880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI SIGN NUKTA|&#x11881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL RA|&#x11882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI EKAM|&#x11883;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT ZERO|&#x11886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT ONE|&#x11887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT TWO|&#x11888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT THREE|&#x11889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT FOUR|&#x1188a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT FIVE|&#x1188b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT SIX|&#x1188c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1188d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1188e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT NINE|&#x1188f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1189x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Warang Citi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|118Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER NGAA|&#x118a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x118a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER WI|&#x118a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER YU|&#x118a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER YA|&#x118a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER YO|&#x118a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER II|&#x118a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER UU|&#x118a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x118a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x118a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER ANG|&#x118aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER GA|&#x118ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER KO|&#x118ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER ENY|&#x118ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER YUJ|&#x118ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER UC|&#x118af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|118Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER ENN|&#x118b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER ODD|&#x118b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER TTE|&#x118b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER NUNG|&#x118b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER DA|&#x118b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER AT|&#x118b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER AM|&#x118b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER BU|&#x118b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER PU|&#x118b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER HIYO|&#x118b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER HOLO|&#x118ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER HORR|&#x118bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER HAR|&#x118bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER SSUU|&#x118bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER SII|&#x118be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER VIYO|&#x118bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|118Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER NGAA|&#x118c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER A|&#x118c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER WI|&#x118c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER YU|&#x118c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER YA|&#x118c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER YO|&#x118c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER II|&#x118c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER UU|&#x118c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER E|&#x118c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER O|&#x118c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER ANG|&#x118ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER GA|&#x118cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER KO|&#x118cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER ENY|&#x118cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER YUJ|&#x118ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER UC|&#x118cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|118Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER ENN|&#x118d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER ODD|&#x118d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER TTE|&#x118d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER NUNG|&#x118d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER DA|&#x118d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER AT|&#x118d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER AM|&#x118d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER BU|&#x118d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER PU|&#x118d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER HIYO|&#x118d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER HOLO|&#x118da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER HORR|&#x118db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER HAR|&#x118dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER SSUU|&#x118dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER SII|&#x118de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER VIYO|&#x118df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|118Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT ZERO|&#x118e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT ONE|&#x118e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT TWO|&#x118e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT THREE|&#x118e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT FOUR|&#x118e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT FIVE|&#x118e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT SIX|&#x118e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x118e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x118e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT NINE|&#x118e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER TEN|&#x118ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER TWENTY|&#x118eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER THIRTY|&#x118ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER FORTY|&#x118ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER FIFTY|&#x118ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER SIXTY|&#x118ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|118Fx |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x118f0;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x118f1;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER NINETY|&#x118f2;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI OM|&#x118ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Dives Akuru''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1190x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER A|&#x11900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER AA|&#x11901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER I|&#x11902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER II|&#x11903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER U|&#x11904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER UU|&#x11905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER E|&#x11906;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER O|&#x11909;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER KA|&#x1190c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER KHA|&#x1190d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER GA|&#x1190e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER GHA|&#x1190f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1191x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER NGA|&#x11910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER CA|&#x11911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER CHA|&#x11912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER JA|&#x11913;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER NYA|&#x11915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER TTA|&#x11916;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER DDA|&#x11918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER DDHA|&#x11919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER NNA|&#x1191a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER TA|&#x1191b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER THA|&#x1191c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER DA|&#x1191d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER DHA|&#x1191e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER NA|&#x1191f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1192x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER PA|&#x11920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER PHA|&#x11921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER BA|&#x11922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER BHA|&#x11923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER MA|&#x11924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER YA|&#x11925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER YYA|&#x11926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER RA|&#x11927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER LA|&#x11928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER VA|&#x11929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER SHA|&#x1192a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER SSA|&#x1192b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER SA|&#x1192c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER HA|&#x1192d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER LLA|&#x1192e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER ZA|&#x1192f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1193x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11935;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11938;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x1193b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x1193c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU SIGN HALANTA|&#x1193d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VIRAMA|&#x1193e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU PREFIXED NASAL SIGN|&#x1193f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1194x |style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU MEDIAL YA|&#x11940;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU INITIAL RA|&#x11941;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU MEDIAL RA|&#x11942;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU SIGN NUKTA|&#x11943;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DOUBLE DANDA|&#x11944;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU GAP FILLER|&#x11945;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU END OF TEXT MARK|&#x11940;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1195x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT ZERO|&#x11950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT ONE|&#x11951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT TWO|&#x11952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT THREE|&#x11953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT FOUR|&#x11954;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT FIVE|&#x11955;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT SIX|&#x11956;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT NINE|&#x11959;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Vateluttu''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1196x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1197x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1198x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1199x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Nandinagari''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|119Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER A|&#x119a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER AA|&#x119a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER I|&#x119a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER II|&#x119a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER U|&#x119a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER UU|&#x119a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x119a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x119a7;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER E|&#x119aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER AI|&#x119ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER O|&#x119ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER AU|&#x119ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER KA|&#x119ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER KHA|&#x119af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|119Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER GA|&#x119b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER GHA|&#x119b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER NGA|&#x119b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER CA|&#x119b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER CHA|&#x119b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER JA|&#x119b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER JHA|&#x119b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER NYA|&#x119b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER TTA|&#x119b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER TTHA|&#x119b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER DDA|&#x119ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER DDHA|&#x119bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER NNA|&#x119bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER TA|&#x119bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER THA|&#x119be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER DA|&#x119bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|119Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER DHA|&#x119c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER NA|&#x119c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER PA|&#x119c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER PHA|&#x119c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER BA|&#x119c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER BHA|&#x119c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER MA|&#x119c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER YA|&#x119c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER RA|&#x119c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER LA|&#x119c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER VA|&#x119ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER SHA|&#x119cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER SSA|&#x119cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER SA|&#x119cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER HA|&#x119ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER LLA|&#x119cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|119Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER RRA|&#x119d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x119d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x119d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x119d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x119d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x119d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x119d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x119d7;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x119da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x119db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x119dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x119dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x119de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI SIGN VISARGA|&#x119df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|119Ex |style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x119e0;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x119e1;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI SIGN SIDDHAM|&#x119e2;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI HEADSTROKE|&#x119e3;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E|&#x119e4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|119Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Zanabazar Square''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER A|&#x11a00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11a01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN UE|&#x11a02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11a03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11a04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN OE|&#x11a05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11a06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11a07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11a08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN REVERSED I|&#x11a09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL LENGTH MARK|&#x11a0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER KA|&#x11a0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER KHA|&#x11a0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER GA|&#x11a0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER GHA|&#x11a0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER NGA|&#x11a0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER CA|&#x11a10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER CHA|&#x11a11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER JA|&#x11a12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER NYA|&#x11a13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER TTA|&#x11a14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER TTHA|&#x11a15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DDA|&#x11a16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DDHA|&#x11a17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER NNA|&#x11a18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER TA|&#x11a19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER THA|&#x11a1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DA|&#x11a1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DHA|&#x11a1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER NA|&#x11a1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER PA|&#x11a1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER PHA|&#x11a1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER BA|&#x11a20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER BHA|&#x11a21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER MA|&#x11a22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER TSA|&#x11a23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER TSHA|&#x11a24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DZA|&#x11a25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DZHA|&#x11a26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER ZHA|&#x11a27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER ZA|&#x11a28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER -A|&#x11a29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER YA|&#x11a2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER RA|&#x11a2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER LA|&#x11a2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER VA|&#x11a2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER SHA|&#x11a2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER SSA|&#x11a2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER SA|&#x11a30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER HA|&#x11a31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER KSSA|&#x11a32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE FINAL CONSONANT MARK|&#x11a33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN VIRAMA|&#x11a34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11a35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRABINDU WITH ORNAMENT|&#x11a36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRA WITH ORNAMENT|&#x11a37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11a38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN VISARGA|&#x11a39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLUSTER-INITIAL LETTER RA|&#x11a3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLUSTER-FINAL LETTER YA|&#x11a3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLUSTER-FINAL LETTER RA|&#x11a3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLUSTER-FINAL LETTER LA|&#x11a3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLUSTER-FINAL LETTER VA|&#x11a3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE INITIAL HEAD MARK|&#x11a3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLOSING HEAD MARK|&#x11a40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE MARK TSHEG|&#x11a41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE MARK SHAD|&#x11a42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE MARK DOUBLE SHAD|&#x11a43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE MARK LONG TSHEG|&#x11a44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE INITIAL DOUBLE-LINED HEAD MARK|&#x11a45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLOSING DOUBLE-LINED HEAD MARK|&#x11a46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SUBJOINER|&#x11a47;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Soyombo''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER A|&#x11a50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11a51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN UE|&#x11a52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11a53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11a54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11a55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN OE|&#x11a56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11a57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11a58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x11a59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x11a5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL LENGTH MARK|&#x11a5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER KA|&#x11a5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER KHA|&#x11a5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER GA|&#x11a5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER GHA|&#x11a5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER NGA|&#x11a60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER CA|&#x11a61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER CHA|&#x11a62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER JA|&#x11a63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER JHA|&#x11a64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER NYA|&#x11a65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER TTA|&#x11a66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER TTHA|&#x11a67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER DDA|&#x11a68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER DDHA|&#x11a69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER NNA|&#x11a6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER TA|&#x11a6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER THA|&#x11a6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER DA|&#x11a6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER DHA|&#x11a6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER NA|&#x11a6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER PA|&#x11a70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER PHA|&#x11a71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER BA|&#x11a72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER BHA|&#x11a73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER MA|&#x11a74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER TSA|&#x11a75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER TSHA|&#x11a76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER DZA|&#x11a77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER ZHA|&#x11a78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER ZA|&#x11a79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER -A|&#x11a7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER YA|&#x11a7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER RA|&#x11a7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER LA|&#x11a7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER VA|&#x11a7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER SHA|&#x11a7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER SSA|&#x11a80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER SA|&#x11a81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER HA|&#x11a82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER KSSA|&#x11a83;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&#x11a84;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO SIGN UPADHMANIYA|&#x11a85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO CLUSTER-INITIAL LETTER RA|&#x11a86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO CLUSTER-INITIAL LETTER LA|&#x11a87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO CLUSTER-INITIAL LETTER SHA|&#x11a88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO CLUSTER-INITIAL LETTER SA|&#x11a89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN G|&#x11a8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN K|&#x11a8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN NG|&#x11a8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN D|&#x11a8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN N|&#x11a8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN B|&#x11a8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11A9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN M|&#x11a90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN R|&#x11a91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN L|&#x11a92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN SH|&#x11a93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN S|&#x11a94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN -A|&#x11a95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11a96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO SIGN VISARGA|&#x11a97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO GEMINATION MARK|&#x11a98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO SUBJOINER|&#x11a99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO MARK TSHEG|&#x11a9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO MARK SHAD|&#x11a9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO MARK DOUBLE SHAD|&#x11a9c;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO MARK PLUTA|&#x11a9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO HEAD MARK WITH MOON AND SUN AND TRIPLE FLAME|&#x11a9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO HEAD MARK WITH MOON AND SUN AND FLAME|&#x11a9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11AAx |style="background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO HEAD MARK WITH MOON AND SUN|&#x11aa0;}}||style="background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO TERMINAL MARK-1|&#x11aa1;}}||style="background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO TERMINAL MARK-2|&#x11aa2;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11ABx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HI|&#x11ab0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HII|&#x11ab1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HO|&#x11ab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HOO|&#x11ab3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HA|&#x11ab4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HAA|&#x11ab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRI|&#x11ab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRII|&#x11ab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRO|&#x11ab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHROO|&#x11ab9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRA|&#x11aba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRAA|&#x11abb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SPE|&#x11abc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SPI|&#x11abd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SPO|&#x11abe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SPA|&#x11abf;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Pau Cin Hau''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11ACx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER PA|&#x11ac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER KA|&#x11ac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER LA|&#x11ac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER MA|&#x11ac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER DA|&#x11ac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER ZA|&#x11ac5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER VA|&#x11ac6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER NGA|&#x11ac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER HA|&#x11ac8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER GA|&#x11ac9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER KHA|&#x11aca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER SA|&#x11acb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER BA|&#x11acc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER CA|&#x11acd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER TA|&#x11ace;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER THA|&#x11acf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11ADx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER NA|&#x11ad0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER PHA|&#x11ad1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER RA|&#x11ad2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FA|&#x11ad3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER CHA|&#x11ad4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER A|&#x11ad5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER E|&#x11ad6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER I|&#x11ad7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER O|&#x11ad8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER U|&#x11ad9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER UA|&#x11ada;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER IA|&#x11adb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL P|&#x11adc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL K|&#x11add;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL T|&#x11ade;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL M|&#x11adf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11AEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL N|&#x11ae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL L|&#x11ae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL W|&#x11ae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL NG|&#x11ae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL Y|&#x11ae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU RISING TONE LONG|&#x11ae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU RISING TONE|&#x11ae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI GLOTTAL STOP|&#x11ae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU RISING TONE LONG FINAL|&#x11ae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU RISING TONE FINAL|&#x11ae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI GLOTTAL STOP FINAL|&#x11aea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI TONE LONG|&#x11aeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI TONE|&#x11aec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI TONE LONG FINAL|&#x11aed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI TONE FINAL|&#x11aee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU MID-LEVEL TONE|&#x11aef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11AFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU GLOTTAL STOP VARIANT|&#x11af0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU MID-LEVEL TONE LONG FINAL|&#x11af1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU MID-LEVEL TONE FINAL|&#x11af2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LOW-FALLING TONE LONG|&#x11af3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LOW-FALLING TONE|&#x11af4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU GLOTTAL STOP|&#x11af5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LOW-FALLING TONE LONG FINAL|&#x11af6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LOW-FALLING TONE FINAL|&#x11af7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU GLOTTAL STOP FINAL|&#x11af8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Devanagari Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI HEAD MARK|&#x11b00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI HEAD MARK WITH HEADSTROKE|&#x11b01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN BHALE|&#x11b02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN BHALE WITH HOOK|&#x11b03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN EXTENDED BHALE|&#x11b04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN EXTENDED BHALE WITH HOOK|&#x11b05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN WESTERN FIVE-LIKE BHALE|&#x11b06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN WESTERN NINE-LIKE BHALE|&#x11b07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN REVERSED NINE-LIKE BHALE|&#x11b08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN MINDU|&#x11b09;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER ALTERNATE DDDA|&#x11b0a;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&#x11b0b;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN UPADHMANIYA|&#x11b0c;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN FINAL ANUSVARA|&#x11b0d;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI CONTINUATION SIGN|&#x11b0e;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI CORRECTION MARK FOR VOWEL SIGNS|&#x11b0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sharada Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B6x |style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN OE|&#x11b60;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN OOE|&#x11b61;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN UE|&#x11b62;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN UUE|&#x11b63;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN SHORT E|&#x11b64;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN SHORT O|&#x11b65;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E|&#x11b66;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O|&#x11b67;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Leke''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER KA|&#x11b80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HKA|&#x11b81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER NGA|&#x11b82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER CA|&#x11b83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HCA|&#x11b84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER NYA|&#x11b85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER TA|&#x11b86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HTA|&#x11b87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER NA|&#x11b88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER SA|&#x11b89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER PA|&#x11b8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HPA|&#x11b8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER MA|&#x11b8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER YA|&#x11b8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER RA|&#x11b8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER LA|&#x11b8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11B9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER WA|&#x11b90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER THA|&#x11b91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER GHA|&#x11b92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HA|&#x11b93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER KHA|&#x11b94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HWA|&#x11b95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER QA|&#x11b96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER BA|&#x11b97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER DA|&#x11b98;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN DWAI THA|&#x11b9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN TANG PI|&#x11b9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN THA LANG|&#x11b9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN THA PI|&#x11b9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11BAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN TANG DWAI|&#x11ba0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN TANG KANG LI |&#x11ba1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN SEUNG NU CEU|&#x11ba2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN THAE WEE KLEU|&#x11ba3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN DWAI THAE WEE|&#x11ba4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN CEE CANG |&#x11ba5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN DWAI THA HPA HTU|&#x11ba6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN TANG PI HPA HTU |&#x11ba7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN THA SOO|&#x11ba8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN PA YA|&#x11ba9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN PA LA|&#x11baa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN PA WA|&#x11bab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN RAI YA|&#x11bac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN LONG HPU|&#x11bad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN LONG DU |&#x11bae;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11BBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT ZERO|&#x11bb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT ONE|&#x11bb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT TWO|&#x11bb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT THREE|&#x11bb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT FOUR|&#x11bb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT FIVE|&#x11bb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT SIX|&#x11bb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11bb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11bb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT NINE|&#x11bb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE END OF SECTION|&#x11bba;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sunuwar''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11BCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER DEVI|&#x11bc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER TASLA|&#x11bc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER EKO|&#x11bc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER IMAR|&#x11bc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER REU|&#x11bc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER UTTHI|&#x11bc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER KIK|&#x11bc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER MA|&#x11bc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER APPHO|&#x11bc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER PIP|&#x11bc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER GIL|&#x11bca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER HAMSO|&#x11bcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER CARMI|&#x11bcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER NAH|&#x11bcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER BUR|&#x11bce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER JYAH|&#x11bcf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11BDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER LOACHA|&#x11bd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER OTTHI|&#x11bd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER SHYELE|&#x11bd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER VARCA|&#x11bd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER YAT|&#x11bd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER AVA|&#x11bd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER AAL|&#x11bd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER DONGA|&#x11bd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER THARI|&#x11bd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER PHAR|&#x11bd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER NGAR|&#x11bda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER KHA|&#x11bdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER SHYER|&#x11bdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER CHELAP|&#x11bdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER TENTU|&#x11bde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER THELE|&#x11bdf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11BEx |style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER KLOKO|&#x11be0;}}||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR SIGN PVO|&#x11be1;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11BFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT ZERO|&#x11bf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT ONE|&#x11bf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT TWO|&#x11bf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT THREE|&#x11bf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT FOUR|&#x11bf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT FIVE|&#x11bf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT SIX|&#x11bf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11bf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11bf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT NINE|&#x11bf9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Bhaiksuki''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER A|&#x11c00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER AA|&#x11c01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER I|&#x11c02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER II|&#x11c03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER U|&#x11c04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER UU|&#x11c05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x11c06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x11c07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x11c08;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER E|&#x11c0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER AI|&#x11c0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER O|&#x11c0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER AU|&#x11c0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER KA|&#x11c0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER KHA|&#x11c0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER GA|&#x11c10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER GHA|&#x11c11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER NGA|&#x11c12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER CA|&#x11c13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER CHA|&#x11c14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER JA|&#x11c15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER JHA|&#x11c16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER NYA|&#x11c17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER TTA|&#x11c18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER TTHA|&#x11c19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER DDA|&#x11c1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER DDHA|&#x11c1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER NNA|&#x11c1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER TA|&#x11c1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER THA|&#x11c1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER DA|&#x11c1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER DHA|&#x11c20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER NA|&#x11c21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER PA|&#x11c22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER PHA|&#x11c23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER BA|&#x11c24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER BHA|&#x11c25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER MA|&#x11c26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER YA|&#x11c27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER RA|&#x11c28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER LA|&#x11c29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER VA|&#x11c2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER SHA|&#x11c2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER SSA|&#x11c2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER SA|&#x11c2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER HA|&#x11c2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11c2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11c30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11c31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11c32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11c33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x11c34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x11c35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x11c36;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11c38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11c39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11c3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11c3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11c3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11c3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI SIGN VISARGA|&#x11c3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x11c3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C4x |style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x11c40;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DANDA|&#x11c41;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x11c42;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI WORD SEPARATOR|&#x11c43;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI GAP FILLER-1|&#x11c44;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI GAP FILLER-2|&#x11c45;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT ZERO|&#x11c50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT ONE|&#x11c51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT TWO|&#x11c52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT THREE|&#x11c53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT FOUR|&#x11c54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT FIVE|&#x11c55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT SIX|&#x11c56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11c57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11c58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT NINE|&#x11c59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER ONE|&#x11c5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER TWO|&#x11c5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER THREE|&#x11c5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER FOUR|&#x11c5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER FIVE|&#x11c5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER SIX|&#x11c5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER SEVEN|&#x11c60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER EIGHT|&#x11c61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER NINE|&#x11c62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER TEN|&#x11c63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER TWENTY|&#x11c64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER THIRTY|&#x11c65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER FORTY|&#x11c66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER FIFTY|&#x11c67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER SIXTY|&#x11c68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x11c69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x11c6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER NINETY|&#x11c6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI HUNDREDS UNIT MARK|&#x11c6c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Marchen''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN HEAD MARK|&#x11c70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN MARK SHAD|&#x11c71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER KA|&#x11c72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER KHA|&#x11c73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER GA|&#x11c74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER NGA|&#x11c75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER CA|&#x11c76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER CHA|&#x11c77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER JA|&#x11c78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER NYA|&#x11c79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER TA|&#x11c7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER THA|&#x11c7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER DA|&#x11c7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER NA|&#x11c7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER PA|&#x11c7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER PHA|&#x11c7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER BA|&#x11c80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER MA|&#x11c81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER TSA|&#x11c82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER TSHA|&#x11c83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER DZA|&#x11c84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER WA|&#x11c85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER ZHA|&#x11c86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER ZA|&#x11c87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER -A|&#x11c88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER YA|&#x11c89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER RA|&#x11c8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER LA|&#x11c8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER SHA|&#x11c8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER SA|&#x11c8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER HA|&#x11c8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER A|&#x11c8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11C9x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER KA|&#x11c92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER KHA|&#x11c93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER GA|&#x11c94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER NGA|&#x11c95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER CA|&#x11c96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER CHA|&#x11c97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER JA|&#x11c98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER NYA|&#x11c99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER TA|&#x11c9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER THA|&#x11c9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER DA|&#x11c9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER NA|&#x11c9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER PA|&#x11c9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER PHA|&#x11c9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11CAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER BA|&#x11ca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER MA|&#x11ca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER TSA|&#x11ca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER TSHA|&#x11ca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER DZA|&#x11ca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER WA|&#x11ca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER ZHA|&#x11ca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER ZA|&#x11ca7;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER YA|&#x11ca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER RA|&#x11caa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER LA|&#x11cab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER SHA|&#x11cac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER SA|&#x11cad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER HA|&#x11cae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER A|&#x11caf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11CBx |style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11cb0;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11cb1;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11cb2;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11cb3;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11cb4;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11cb5;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11cb6;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Balti-B''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11CCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11CDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11CEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11CFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Masaram Gondi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER A|&#x11d00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER AA|&#x11d01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER I|&#x11d02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER II|&#x11d03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER U|&#x11d04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER UU|&#x11d05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER E|&#x11d06;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER AI|&#x11d08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER O|&#x11d09;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER AU|&#x11d0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER KA|&#x11d0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER KHA|&#x11d0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER GA|&#x11d0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER GHA|&#x11d0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER NGA|&#x11d10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER CA|&#x11d11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER CHA|&#x11d12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER JA|&#x11d13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER JHA|&#x11d14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER NYA|&#x11d15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER TTA|&#x11d16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER TTHA|&#x11d17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER DDA|&#x11d18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER DDHA|&#x11d19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER NNA|&#x11d1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER TA|&#x11d1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER THA|&#x11d1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER DA|&#x11d1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER DHA|&#x11d1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER NA|&#x11d1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER PA|&#x11d20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER PHA|&#x11d21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER BA|&#x11d22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER BHA|&#x11d23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER MA|&#x11d24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER YA|&#x11d25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER RA|&#x11d26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER LA|&#x11d27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER VA|&#x11d28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER SHA|&#x11d29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER SSA|&#x11d2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER SA|&#x11d2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER HA|&#x11d2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER LLA|&#x11d2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER KSSA|&#x11d2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER JNYA|&#x11d2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER TRA|&#x11d30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11d31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11d32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11d33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11d34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11d35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x11d36;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11d3a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11d3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11d3d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11d3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11d40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI SIGN VISARGA|&#x11d41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI SIGN NUKTA|&#x11d42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI SIGN CANDRA|&#x11d43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI SIGN HALANTA|&#x11d44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VIRAMA|&#x11d45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI REPHA|&#x11d46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI RA-KARA|&#x11d47;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT ZERO|&#x11d50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT ONE|&#x11d51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT TWO|&#x11d52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT THREE|&#x11d53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT FOUR|&#x11d54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT FIVE|&#x11d55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT SIX|&#x11d56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11d57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11d58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT NINE|&#x11d59;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Gunjala Gondi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER A|&#x11d60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER AA|&#x11d61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER I|&#x11d62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER II|&#x11d63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER U|&#x11d64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER UU|&#x11d65;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER EE|&#x11d67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER AI|&#x11d68;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER OO|&#x11d6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER AU|&#x11d6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER YA|&#x11d6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER VA|&#x11d6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER BA|&#x11d6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER BHA|&#x11d6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER MA|&#x11d70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER KA|&#x11d71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER KHA|&#x11d72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER TA|&#x11d73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER THA|&#x11d74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER LA|&#x11d75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER GA|&#x11d76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER GHA|&#x11d77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER DA|&#x11d78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER DHA|&#x11d79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER NA|&#x11d7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER CA|&#x11d7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER CHA|&#x11d7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER TTA|&#x11d7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER TTHA|&#x11d7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER LLA|&#x11d7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER JA|&#x11d80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER JHA|&#x11d81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER DDA|&#x11d82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER DDHA|&#x11d83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER NGA|&#x11d84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER PA|&#x11d85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER PHA|&#x11d86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER HA|&#x11d87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER RA|&#x11d88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER SA|&#x11d89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11d8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11d8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11d8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11d8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11d8e;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11D9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN EE|&#x11d90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11d91;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN OO|&#x11d93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x11d94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11d95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI SIGN VISARGA|&#x11d96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VIRAMA|&#x11d97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI OM|&#x11d98;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11DAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT ZERO|&#x11da0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT ONE|&#x11da1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT TWO|&#x11da2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT THREE|&#x11da3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT FOUR|&#x11da4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT FIVE|&#x11da5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT SIX|&#x11da6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11da7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11da8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT NINE|&#x11da9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tolong Siki''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11DBx |style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER I|&#x11db0;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER E|&#x11db1;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER U|&#x11db2;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER O|&#x11db3;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER A|&#x11db4;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER AA|&#x11db5;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER P|&#x11db6;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER PH|&#x11db7;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER B|&#x11db8;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER BH|&#x11db9;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER M|&#x11dba;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER T|&#x11dbb;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER TH|&#x11dbc;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER D|&#x11dbd;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER DH|&#x11dbe;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER N|&#x11dbf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11DCx |style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER TT|&#x11dc0;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER TTH|&#x11dc1;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER DD|&#x11dc2;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER DDH|&#x11dc3;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER NN|&#x11dc4;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER C|&#x11dc5;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER CH|&#x11dc6;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER J|&#x11dc7;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER JH|&#x11dc8;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER NY|&#x11dc9;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER K|&#x11dca;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER KH|&#x11dcb;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER G|&#x11dcc;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER GH|&#x11dcd;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER NG|&#x11dce;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER Y|&#x11dcf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11DDx |style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER R|&#x11dd0;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER L|&#x11dd1;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER V|&#x11dd2;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER NNY|&#x11dd3;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER S|&#x11dd4;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER H|&#x11dd5;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER X|&#x11dd6;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER RR|&#x11dd7;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER RRH|&#x11dd8;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI SIGN SELA|&#x11dd9;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI SIGN HECAKA|&#x11dda;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI UNGGA|&#x11ddb;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11DEx |style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT ZERO|&#x11de0;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT ONE|&#x11de1;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT TWO|&#x11de2;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT THREE|&#x11de3;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT FOUR|&#x11de4;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT FIVE|&#x11de5;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT SIX|&#x11de6;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11de7;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11de8;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT NINE|&#x11de9;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Bengali Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11DFx |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE|&#x11df0;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER ALTERNATE BARGIYA BA|&#x11df1;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Tocharian''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Khotanese''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11E9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11EAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11EBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11ECx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11EDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Makasar''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11EEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER KA|&#x11ee0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER GA|&#x11ee1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER NGA|&#x11ee2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER PA|&#x11ee3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER BA|&#x11ee4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER MA|&#x11ee5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER TA|&#x11ee6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER DA|&#x11ee7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER NA|&#x11ee8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER CA|&#x11ee9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER JA|&#x11eea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER NYA|&#x11eeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER YA|&#x11eec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER RA|&#x11eed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER LA|&#x11eee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER VA|&#x11eef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11EFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER SA|&#x11ef0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER A|&#x11ef1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR ANGKA|&#x11ef2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11ef3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11ef4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11ef5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN O|&#x11ef6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR PASSIMBANG|&#x11ef7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR END OF SECTION|&#x11ef8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Kawi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x11f00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x11f01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN REPHA|&#x11f02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN VISARGA|&#x11f03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER A|&#x11f04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER AA|&#x11f05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER I|&#x11f06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER II|&#x11f07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER U|&#x11f08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER UU|&#x11f09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x11f0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x11f0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x11f0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x11f0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER E|&#x11f0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER AI|&#x11f0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER O|&#x11f10;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER KA|&#x11f12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER KHA|&#x11f13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER GA|&#x11f14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER GHA|&#x11f15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER NGA|&#x11f16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER CA|&#x11f17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER CA|&#x11f18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER JA|&#x11f19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER JHA|&#x11f1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER NYA|&#x11f1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER TTA|&#x11f1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER TTHA|&#x11f1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER DDA|&#x11f1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER DDHA|&#x11f1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER NNA|&#x11f20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER TA|&#x11f21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER THA|&#x11f22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER DA|&#x11f23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER DHA|&#x11f24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER NA|&#x11f25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER PA|&#x11f26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER PHA|&#x11f27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER BA|&#x11f28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER BHA|&#x11f29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER MA|&#x11f2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER YA|&#x11f2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER RA|&#x11f2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER LA|&#x11f2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER WA|&#x11f2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER SHA|&#x11f2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER SSA|&#x11f30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER SA|&#x11f31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER HA|&#x11f32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER JNYA|&#x11f33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x11f34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN ALTERNATE AA|&#x11f35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x11f36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x11f37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x11f38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x11f39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x11f34;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x11f3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x11f3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN EU|&#x11f40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN KILLER|&#x11f41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI CONJOINER|&#x11f42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DANDA|&#x11f43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x11f44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION SECTION MARKER|&#x11f45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION ALTERNATE SECTION MARKER|&#x11f46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION FLOWER|&#x11f47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION SPACE FILLER|&#x11f48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION DOT|&#x11f49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION DOUBLE DOT|&#x11f4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION TRIPLE DOT|&#x11f4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION CIRCLE|&#x11f4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION FILLED CIRCLE|&#x11f4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION SPIRAL|&#x11f4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION CLOSING SPIRAL|&#x11f4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT ZERO|&#x11f50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT ONE|&#x11f51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT TWO|&#x11f52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT THREE|&#x11f53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT FOUR|&#x11f54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT FIVE|&#x11f55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT SIX|&#x11f56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x11f57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x11f58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT NINE|&#x11f59;}}||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN NUKTA|&#x11f5a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Pallava''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11F9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11FAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Lisu Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11FBx |style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER YHA|&#x11fb0;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tamil Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11FCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE THREE-HUNDRED-AND-TWENTIETH|&#x11fc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE ONE-HUNDRED-AND-SIXTIETH|&#x11fc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE EIGHTIETH|&#x11fc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE SIXTY-FOURTH|&#x11fc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE FORTIETH|&#x11fc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE THIRTY-SECOND|&#x11fc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION THREE EIGHTIETHS|&#x11fc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION THREE SIXTY-FOURTHS|&#x11fc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE TWENTIETH|&#x11fc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH-1|&#x11fc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH-2|&#x11fca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE TENTH|&#x11fcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|&#x11fcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION THREE TWENTIETHS|&#x11fcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION THREE SIXTEENTHS|&#x11fce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE FIFTH|&#x11fcf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11FDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&#x11fd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE HALF-1|&#x11fd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE HALF-2|&#x11fd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION THREE QUARTERS|&#x11fd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION DOWNSCALING FACTOR KIIZH|&#x11fd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN NEL|&#x11fd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN CEVITU|&#x11fd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN AAZHAAKKU|&#x11fd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN UZHAKKU|&#x11fd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN MUUVUZHAKKU|&#x11fd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN KURUNI|&#x11fda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN PATHAKKU|&#x11fdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN MUKKURUNI|&#x11fdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN KAACU|&#x11fdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN PANAM|&#x11fde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN PON|&#x11fdf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11FEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN VARAAKAN|&#x11fe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN PAARAM|&#x11fe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN KUZHI|&#x11fe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN VELI|&#x11fe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL WET CULTIVATION SIGN|&#x11fe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DRY CULTIVATION SIGN|&#x11fe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LAND SIGN|&#x11fe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SALT PAN SIGN|&#x11fe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL TRADITIONAL CREDIT SIGN|&#x11fe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL TRADITIONAL NUMBER SIGN|&#x11fe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL CURRENT SIGN|&#x11fea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL AND ODD SIGN|&#x11feb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SPENT SIGN|&#x11fec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL TOTAL SIGN|&#x11fed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL IN POSSESSION SIGN|&#x11fee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL STARTING FROM SIGN|&#x11fef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|11FFx |style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN MUTHALIYA|&#x11ff0;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN VAKAIYARAA|&#x11ff1;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL PUNCTUATION END OF TEXT|&#x11fff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} 7t0kh4irm83rxmu54uxi68xb9rbibxj 10 237221 4680923 4659185 2026-11-08T09:36:00Z Ziv 3267536 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Go 99.png]] → [[File:Go 99.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 4680923 wikitext text/x-wiki ===Parameters=== This template can be used to make [[Go|go]] board, with stones and various other marks. For example, {|border="0" cellspacing="8" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent;color:inherit;" |-valign="middle" |<pre><nowiki>{{Goban 5x5|= | | | | | b|= | b|bT| A|-c| b|= | | c|w2| | |= | w| -| w| b| w|= | | | w| w| |= |24|u=u|d=d|l=l|r=r}}</nowiki></pre> |produces |{{Goban 5x5|= | | | | | b|= | b|bT| A|-c| b|= | | c|w2| | |= | w| -| w| b| w|= | | | w| w| |= |24|u=u|d=d|l=l|r=r}} |} * The first parameters are one or two letters codes (sometimes three), that specify which tile is used. Though a preceding space is OK, be sure '''''not''''' to leave a space after that code. * On the last line, the "24" parameter is the size of each tile (in pixels), it should preferably be even for correct centering of cells. * The last four parameters ''|u=u|d=d|l=l|r=r'' specify which borders should be drawn (up, down, left and right). For instance, to draw an upper right corner, the final code is simply ''|u=u|r=r'' (and remember to place the hoshi point accordingly). NB: The last four parameters are not used in the 19×19 Goban template. ===Static stones and Joseki series === {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go b.png|24x24px]]<br />b |[[Image:Go bT.png|24x24px]]<br />bT |[[Image:Go b1.png|24x24px]]<br />b1 | ... |[[Image:Go b9.png|24x24px]]<br />b9 |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go w.png|24x24px]]<br />w |[[Image:Go wT.png|24x24px]]<br />wT |[[Image:Go w1.png|24x24px]]<br />w1 | ... |[[Image:Go w9.png|24x24px]]<br />w9 |} These stone series are available as black (''b'') and white (''w''). They can be marked by a triangle (T) or a number from 1 to 9 (allowing short sequences). ===Fuseki series=== {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go 00.png|24x24px]]<br />00 |[[Image:Go 02.png|24x24px]]<br />02 |[[Image:Go 04.png|24x24px]]<br />04 | ... |[[Image:Go 96.png|24x24px]]<br />96 |[[Image:Go 98.png|24x24px]]<br />98 |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go 01.png|24x24px]]<br />01 |[[Image:Go 03.png|24x24px]]<br />03 |[[Image:Go 05.png|24x24px]]<br />05 | ... |[[Image:Go 97.png|24x24px]]<br />97 |[[Image:Go 99.svg|24x24px]]<br />99 |} These 100 tiles are used for game transcription, where the numbering goes beyond 10. Even numbers are always white, and odd numbers are always black (since black gets to make the first move of the game). The numbering is limited to the 00-99 range for practical reasons, it is assumed that there will be a figure change at least every 100 play. Note the difference between ''02'' (with a leading zero) and ''b2''. ===Board and board marks=== The useful marks are: * Capital letters from A to I, create the corresponding marks; * An hyphen or a small x creates the hoshi point. * A Capital X creates an X-mark. * A lowercase c creates a small red circle. The available tiles are: {|border="0" cellspacing="8" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;text-align:center;background:transparent;color:inerit;" |-align="center" valign="middle" | {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go A.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>A</kbd> |[[Image:Go B.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>B</kbd> |[[Image:Go C.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>C</kbd> |[[Image:Go D.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>D</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go E.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>E</kbd> |[[Image:Go F.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>F</kbd> |[[Image:Go G.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>G</kbd> |[[Image:Go H.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>H</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go I.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>I</kbd> | | |[[Image:Go X.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>X</kbd> |} | {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go ul.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>ul</kbd> |[[Image:Go u.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>u</kbd> |[[Image:Go u.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>u</kbd> |[[Image:Go ur.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>ur</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go l.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>l</kbd> |[[Image:Blank Go gameboard.png|24x24px]] |[[Image:Go -.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>-</kbd> |[[Image:Go r.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>r</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go dl.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dl</kbd> |[[Image:Go d.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>d</kbd> |[[Image:Go d.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>d</kbd> |[[Image:Go dr.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dr</kbd> |} | {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go ulc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>ulc</kbd> |[[Image:Go uc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>uc</kbd> |[[Image:Go uc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>uc</kbd> |[[Image:Go urc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>urc</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go lc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>lc</kbd> |[[Image:Go c.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>c</kbd> |[[Image:Go -c.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>-c</kbd> |[[Image:Go rc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>rc</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go dlc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dlc</kbd> |[[Image:Go dc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dc</kbd> |[[Image:Go dc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dc</kbd> |[[Image:Go drc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>drc</kbd> |} | |-align="center" valign="top" |Mark letters (and X) are capital. |Empty board tiles |Circled board positions<br />(just add a "c" to the end) |} Note: the appropriate cell codes for the borders are generated automatically by default, so you can leave these parameters blank, and fill only the position of stones, or circled empty positions.<noinclude>[[Category:Template subpages|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> 8f8vp1j700txpk5xh3c3xsau1qvfr51 4680925 4680923 2026-11-08T10:00:07Z Ziv 3267536 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Go 96.png]] → [[File:Go 96.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 4680925 wikitext text/x-wiki ===Parameters=== This template can be used to make [[Go|go]] board, with stones and various other marks. For example, {|border="0" cellspacing="8" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent;color:inherit;" |-valign="middle" |<pre><nowiki>{{Goban 5x5|= | | | | | b|= | b|bT| A|-c| b|= | | c|w2| | |= | w| -| w| b| w|= | | | w| w| |= |24|u=u|d=d|l=l|r=r}}</nowiki></pre> |produces |{{Goban 5x5|= | | | | | b|= | b|bT| A|-c| b|= | | c|w2| | |= | w| -| w| b| w|= | | | w| w| |= |24|u=u|d=d|l=l|r=r}} |} * The first parameters are one or two letters codes (sometimes three), that specify which tile is used. Though a preceding space is OK, be sure '''''not''''' to leave a space after that code. * On the last line, the "24" parameter is the size of each tile (in pixels), it should preferably be even for correct centering of cells. * The last four parameters ''|u=u|d=d|l=l|r=r'' specify which borders should be drawn (up, down, left and right). For instance, to draw an upper right corner, the final code is simply ''|u=u|r=r'' (and remember to place the hoshi point accordingly). NB: The last four parameters are not used in the 19×19 Goban template. ===Static stones and Joseki series === {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go b.png|24x24px]]<br />b |[[Image:Go bT.png|24x24px]]<br />bT |[[Image:Go b1.png|24x24px]]<br />b1 | ... |[[Image:Go b9.png|24x24px]]<br />b9 |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go w.png|24x24px]]<br />w |[[Image:Go wT.png|24x24px]]<br />wT |[[Image:Go w1.png|24x24px]]<br />w1 | ... |[[Image:Go w9.png|24x24px]]<br />w9 |} These stone series are available as black (''b'') and white (''w''). They can be marked by a triangle (T) or a number from 1 to 9 (allowing short sequences). ===Fuseki series=== {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go 00.png|24x24px]]<br />00 |[[Image:Go 02.png|24x24px]]<br />02 |[[Image:Go 04.png|24x24px]]<br />04 | ... |[[Image:Go 96.svg|24x24px]]<br />96 |[[Image:Go 98.png|24x24px]]<br />98 |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go 01.png|24x24px]]<br />01 |[[Image:Go 03.png|24x24px]]<br />03 |[[Image:Go 05.png|24x24px]]<br />05 | ... |[[Image:Go 97.png|24x24px]]<br />97 |[[Image:Go 99.svg|24x24px]]<br />99 |} These 100 tiles are used for game transcription, where the numbering goes beyond 10. Even numbers are always white, and odd numbers are always black (since black gets to make the first move of the game). The numbering is limited to the 00-99 range for practical reasons, it is assumed that there will be a figure change at least every 100 play. Note the difference between ''02'' (with a leading zero) and ''b2''. ===Board and board marks=== The useful marks are: * Capital letters from A to I, create the corresponding marks; * An hyphen or a small x creates the hoshi point. * A Capital X creates an X-mark. * A lowercase c creates a small red circle. The available tiles are: {|border="0" cellspacing="8" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;text-align:center;background:transparent;color:inerit;" |-align="center" valign="middle" | {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go A.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>A</kbd> |[[Image:Go B.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>B</kbd> |[[Image:Go C.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>C</kbd> |[[Image:Go D.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>D</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go E.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>E</kbd> |[[Image:Go F.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>F</kbd> |[[Image:Go G.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>G</kbd> |[[Image:Go H.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>H</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go I.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>I</kbd> | | |[[Image:Go X.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>X</kbd> |} | {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go ul.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>ul</kbd> |[[Image:Go u.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>u</kbd> |[[Image:Go u.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>u</kbd> |[[Image:Go ur.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>ur</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go l.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>l</kbd> |[[Image:Blank Go gameboard.png|24x24px]] |[[Image:Go -.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>-</kbd> |[[Image:Go r.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>r</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go dl.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dl</kbd> |[[Image:Go d.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>d</kbd> |[[Image:Go d.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>d</kbd> |[[Image:Go dr.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dr</kbd> |} | {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go ulc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>ulc</kbd> |[[Image:Go uc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>uc</kbd> |[[Image:Go uc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>uc</kbd> |[[Image:Go urc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>urc</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go lc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>lc</kbd> |[[Image:Go c.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>c</kbd> |[[Image:Go -c.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>-c</kbd> |[[Image:Go rc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>rc</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go dlc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dlc</kbd> |[[Image:Go dc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dc</kbd> |[[Image:Go dc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dc</kbd> |[[Image:Go drc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>drc</kbd> |} | |-align="center" valign="top" |Mark letters (and X) are capital. |Empty board tiles |Circled board positions<br />(just add a "c" to the end) |} Note: the appropriate cell codes for the borders are generated automatically by default, so you can leave these parameters blank, and fill only the position of stones, or circled empty positions.<noinclude>[[Category:Template subpages|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> 33z5r736iaddou9u0ys556an26jg4hf 4680930 4680925 2026-11-08T10:46:28Z Ziv 3267536 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Go 97.png]] → [[File:Go 97.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 4680930 wikitext text/x-wiki ===Parameters=== This template can be used to make [[Go|go]] board, with stones and various other marks. For example, {|border="0" cellspacing="8" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent;color:inherit;" |-valign="middle" |<pre><nowiki>{{Goban 5x5|= | | | | | b|= | b|bT| A|-c| b|= | | c|w2| | |= | w| -| w| b| w|= | | | w| w| |= |24|u=u|d=d|l=l|r=r}}</nowiki></pre> |produces |{{Goban 5x5|= | | | | | b|= | b|bT| A|-c| b|= | | c|w2| | |= | w| -| w| b| w|= | | | w| w| |= |24|u=u|d=d|l=l|r=r}} |} * The first parameters are one or two letters codes (sometimes three), that specify which tile is used. Though a preceding space is OK, be sure '''''not''''' to leave a space after that code. * On the last line, the "24" parameter is the size of each tile (in pixels), it should preferably be even for correct centering of cells. * The last four parameters ''|u=u|d=d|l=l|r=r'' specify which borders should be drawn (up, down, left and right). For instance, to draw an upper right corner, the final code is simply ''|u=u|r=r'' (and remember to place the hoshi point accordingly). NB: The last four parameters are not used in the 19×19 Goban template. ===Static stones and Joseki series === {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go b.png|24x24px]]<br />b |[[Image:Go bT.png|24x24px]]<br />bT |[[Image:Go b1.png|24x24px]]<br />b1 | ... |[[Image:Go b9.png|24x24px]]<br />b9 |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go w.png|24x24px]]<br />w |[[Image:Go wT.png|24x24px]]<br />wT |[[Image:Go w1.png|24x24px]]<br />w1 | ... |[[Image:Go w9.png|24x24px]]<br />w9 |} These stone series are available as black (''b'') and white (''w''). They can be marked by a triangle (T) or a number from 1 to 9 (allowing short sequences). ===Fuseki series=== {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go 00.png|24x24px]]<br />00 |[[Image:Go 02.png|24x24px]]<br />02 |[[Image:Go 04.png|24x24px]]<br />04 | ... |[[Image:Go 96.svg|24x24px]]<br />96 |[[Image:Go 98.png|24x24px]]<br />98 |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go 01.png|24x24px]]<br />01 |[[Image:Go 03.png|24x24px]]<br />03 |[[Image:Go 05.png|24x24px]]<br />05 | ... |[[Image:Go 97.svg|24x24px]]<br />97 |[[Image:Go 99.svg|24x24px]]<br />99 |} These 100 tiles are used for game transcription, where the numbering goes beyond 10. Even numbers are always white, and odd numbers are always black (since black gets to make the first move of the game). The numbering is limited to the 00-99 range for practical reasons, it is assumed that there will be a figure change at least every 100 play. Note the difference between ''02'' (with a leading zero) and ''b2''. ===Board and board marks=== The useful marks are: * Capital letters from A to I, create the corresponding marks; * An hyphen or a small x creates the hoshi point. * A Capital X creates an X-mark. * A lowercase c creates a small red circle. The available tiles are: {|border="0" cellspacing="8" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;text-align:center;background:transparent;color:inerit;" |-align="center" valign="middle" | {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go A.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>A</kbd> |[[Image:Go B.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>B</kbd> |[[Image:Go C.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>C</kbd> |[[Image:Go D.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>D</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go E.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>E</kbd> |[[Image:Go F.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>F</kbd> |[[Image:Go G.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>G</kbd> |[[Image:Go H.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>H</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go I.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>I</kbd> | | |[[Image:Go X.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>X</kbd> |} | {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go ul.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>ul</kbd> |[[Image:Go u.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>u</kbd> |[[Image:Go u.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>u</kbd> |[[Image:Go ur.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>ur</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go l.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>l</kbd> |[[Image:Blank Go gameboard.png|24x24px]] |[[Image:Go -.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>-</kbd> |[[Image:Go r.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>r</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go dl.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dl</kbd> |[[Image:Go d.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>d</kbd> |[[Image:Go d.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>d</kbd> |[[Image:Go dr.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dr</kbd> |} | {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go ulc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>ulc</kbd> |[[Image:Go uc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>uc</kbd> |[[Image:Go uc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>uc</kbd> |[[Image:Go urc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>urc</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go lc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>lc</kbd> |[[Image:Go c.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>c</kbd> |[[Image:Go -c.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>-c</kbd> |[[Image:Go rc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>rc</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go dlc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dlc</kbd> |[[Image:Go dc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dc</kbd> |[[Image:Go dc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dc</kbd> |[[Image:Go drc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>drc</kbd> |} | |-align="center" valign="top" |Mark letters (and X) are capital. |Empty board tiles |Circled board positions<br />(just add a "c" to the end) |} Note: the appropriate cell codes for the borders are generated automatically by default, so you can leave these parameters blank, and fill only the position of stones, or circled empty positions.<noinclude>[[Category:Template subpages|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> locla5cfcte1zafi8qfwae115gc72zt 4680933 4680930 2026-11-08T11:01:48Z Ziv 3267536 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Go 98.png]] → [[File:Go 98.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 4680933 wikitext text/x-wiki ===Parameters=== This template can be used to make [[Go|go]] board, with stones and various other marks. For example, {|border="0" cellspacing="8" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent;color:inherit;" |-valign="middle" |<pre><nowiki>{{Goban 5x5|= | | | | | b|= | b|bT| A|-c| b|= | | c|w2| | |= | w| -| w| b| w|= | | | w| w| |= |24|u=u|d=d|l=l|r=r}}</nowiki></pre> |produces |{{Goban 5x5|= | | | | | b|= | b|bT| A|-c| b|= | | c|w2| | |= | w| -| w| b| w|= | | | w| w| |= |24|u=u|d=d|l=l|r=r}} |} * The first parameters are one or two letters codes (sometimes three), that specify which tile is used. Though a preceding space is OK, be sure '''''not''''' to leave a space after that code. * On the last line, the "24" parameter is the size of each tile (in pixels), it should preferably be even for correct centering of cells. * The last four parameters ''|u=u|d=d|l=l|r=r'' specify which borders should be drawn (up, down, left and right). For instance, to draw an upper right corner, the final code is simply ''|u=u|r=r'' (and remember to place the hoshi point accordingly). NB: The last four parameters are not used in the 19×19 Goban template. ===Static stones and Joseki series === {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go b.png|24x24px]]<br />b |[[Image:Go bT.png|24x24px]]<br />bT |[[Image:Go b1.png|24x24px]]<br />b1 | ... |[[Image:Go b9.png|24x24px]]<br />b9 |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go w.png|24x24px]]<br />w |[[Image:Go wT.png|24x24px]]<br />wT |[[Image:Go w1.png|24x24px]]<br />w1 | ... |[[Image:Go w9.png|24x24px]]<br />w9 |} These stone series are available as black (''b'') and white (''w''). They can be marked by a triangle (T) or a number from 1 to 9 (allowing short sequences). ===Fuseki series=== {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go 00.png|24x24px]]<br />00 |[[Image:Go 02.png|24x24px]]<br />02 |[[Image:Go 04.png|24x24px]]<br />04 | ... |[[Image:Go 96.svg|24x24px]]<br />96 |[[Image:Go 98.svg|24x24px]]<br />98 |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go 01.png|24x24px]]<br />01 |[[Image:Go 03.png|24x24px]]<br />03 |[[Image:Go 05.png|24x24px]]<br />05 | ... |[[Image:Go 97.svg|24x24px]]<br />97 |[[Image:Go 99.svg|24x24px]]<br />99 |} These 100 tiles are used for game transcription, where the numbering goes beyond 10. Even numbers are always white, and odd numbers are always black (since black gets to make the first move of the game). The numbering is limited to the 00-99 range for practical reasons, it is assumed that there will be a figure change at least every 100 play. Note the difference between ''02'' (with a leading zero) and ''b2''. ===Board and board marks=== The useful marks are: * Capital letters from A to I, create the corresponding marks; * An hyphen or a small x creates the hoshi point. * A Capital X creates an X-mark. * A lowercase c creates a small red circle. The available tiles are: {|border="0" cellspacing="8" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;text-align:center;background:transparent;color:inerit;" |-align="center" valign="middle" | {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go A.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>A</kbd> |[[Image:Go B.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>B</kbd> |[[Image:Go C.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>C</kbd> |[[Image:Go D.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>D</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go E.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>E</kbd> |[[Image:Go F.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>F</kbd> |[[Image:Go G.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>G</kbd> |[[Image:Go H.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>H</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go I.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>I</kbd> | | |[[Image:Go X.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>X</kbd> |} | {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go ul.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>ul</kbd> |[[Image:Go u.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>u</kbd> |[[Image:Go u.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>u</kbd> |[[Image:Go ur.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>ur</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go l.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>l</kbd> |[[Image:Blank Go gameboard.png|24x24px]] |[[Image:Go -.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>-</kbd> |[[Image:Go r.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>r</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go dl.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dl</kbd> |[[Image:Go d.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>d</kbd> |[[Image:Go d.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>d</kbd> |[[Image:Go dr.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dr</kbd> |} | {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go ulc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>ulc</kbd> |[[Image:Go uc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>uc</kbd> |[[Image:Go uc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>uc</kbd> |[[Image:Go urc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>urc</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go lc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>lc</kbd> |[[Image:Go c.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>c</kbd> |[[Image:Go -c.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>-c</kbd> |[[Image:Go rc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>rc</kbd> |-valign="top" |[[Image:Go dlc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dlc</kbd> |[[Image:Go dc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dc</kbd> |[[Image:Go dc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>dc</kbd> |[[Image:Go drc.png|24x24px]]<br /><kbd>drc</kbd> |} | |-align="center" valign="top" |Mark letters (and X) are capital. |Empty board tiles |Circled board positions<br />(just add a "c" to the end) |} Note: the appropriate cell codes for the borders are generated automatically by default, so you can leave these parameters blank, and fill only the position of stones, or circled empty positions.<noinclude>[[Category:Template subpages|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> 7ykwv5gc2g4q6f2zr9vji8pmy3l9cmk 4 237333 4680751 4634870 2026-11-07T20:35:04Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Moving from [[Category:Administrative policies]] to [[Category:Administrative policies and guidelines]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4680751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-protected|small=yes}} {{policy|WB:GRP}} The implementation of '''global user rights''' on Wikimedia projects extends to the English Wikibooks. This policy defines their use on this wiki. == Use of rights == === Global abuse filter maintainers === [[File:AbuseFilterMaintainerIcon.png|right|80px]] {{further|m:Abuse filter maintainers}} '''Global abuse filter maintainers''' are users who are permitted to view, and where appropriate, modify [[Wikibooks:Edit filter|edit filters]] on all wikis. They are permitted to use any of the rights associated with their role on the English Wikibooks, unless otherwise requested not to by any local administrator, which can be appealed to the [[WB:AA|wider community]]. In addition, global abuse filter maintainers can view temporary account IP addresses and use the IP Information tool, provided they comply with the Wikimedia Foundation's Access to Temporary Account IP Addresses Policy. * List of users with [[Special:GlobalUsers/abusefilter-maintainer|global abuse filter maintainer rights]] === Global bots === [[File:Meta-Wiki Bot-2000px.png|right|80px]] {{further|m:Global bots}} The English Wikibooks allows the use of global bots approved by the [[m:Global bots|bot policy]] on Meta-Wiki, but does ''not'' allow automatic approval. With that note, users that run global bots are advised to follow [[Wikibooks:Bots]] when bots are used locally. English Wikibooks administrators may locally block (or otherwise ask to stop operating) global bots that do not conform to English Wikibooks norms and policies. * List of bots with [[Special:GlobalUsers/global-bot|global bot rights]] === Global interface editors === [[File:InterfaceEditorIcon.png|right|80px]] {{further|m:Global interface editors}} '''Global interface editors''' are users who can edit all pages including the MediaWiki namespace on all wikis, and maintain templates and the site's JavaScript (<code>*.js</code>) and Cascading Style Sheets (<code>*.css</code>) resources. They are permitted to use any of the rights associated with their role on the English Wikibooks, unless otherwise requested not to by any local interface administrator, which can be appealed to the [[WB:AA|wider community]]. * List of users with [[Special:GlobalUsers/global-interface-editor|global interface editor rights]] === Global rollbackers === [[File:Meta-Wiki Global rollback-2000px.png|right|80px]] {{further|m:Global rollback}} '''Global rollbackers''' are users who can roll back edits that are blatantly counterproductive, such as vandalism and nonsense, on all Wikimedia wikis. By default, they may use their rights on the English Wikibooks, provided they have not previously had the [[Wikibooks:Reviewers|reviewer]] right removed involuntarily. If removal has previously occurred, they must request and be [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions|granted reviewer locally]] (which grants the use of rollback) by an [[Wikibooks:Administrators|English Wikibooks administrator]]. Furthermore, any English Wikibooks administrator can ask a global rollbacker to stop using rollback if what they deem to be misuse occurs, and the global rollbacker must comply with such a request. Such a decision by an administrator can be appealed to the [[WB:AA|wider community]]. Failure to comply may result in a local block. In addition, global rollbackers can view temporary account IP addresses and use the IP Information tool, provided they comply with the Wikimedia Foundation's Access to Temporary Account IP Addresses Policy. * List of users with [[Special:GlobalUsers/global-rollbacker|global rollback rights]] === Global sysops === [[File:Meta-Wiki Global sysop-2000px.png|right|80px]] {{further|m:Global sysops}} '''Global sysops''' are users who have administrator and interface administrator permissions on most wikis. It is activated on the English Wikibooks as [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/2010/April#Global sysops|community consensus to opt in]] was attained. Global sysops are permitted to use any of the rights associated with their role on the English Wikibooks, unless otherwise requested not to by any local administrator, which can be appealed to the [[WB:AA|wider community]]. * List of users with [[Special:GlobalUsers/global-sysop|global sysop rights]] === Ombuds === {{further|m:Ombuds commission}} The '''ombuds commission''' is tasked with investigating complaints about violations of the [[m:privacy policy|privacy policy]] (in particular concerning the use of [[m:CheckUser policy|CheckUser]] and [[m:Oversighters|oversight]] tools) on any Wikimedia project, for the Board in an official manner. The users who make up the ombuds commission are given the ability to run checks, view the CheckUser log, view suppressed content, and view the suppression log on every project. To file a complaint, please contact the commission privately. The ombuds may use their global rights for investigating complaints about violations of the [[wmf:Policy:Privacy policy|privacy policy]]. Their use of the global rights is at the discretion and restriction of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. * List of users with [[Special:GlobalUsers/ombuds|ombuds rights]] === Staff === {{see|wmf:Staff}} Members of this group are paid employees of the [[:w:Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. Similar to [[m:Ombuds commission|ombuds]], they hold global [[Wikibooks:CheckUser|CheckUser]] rights as well as global adminship and global oversight rights. They will perform office actions when needed, such as complaints related to [[:w:defamation|defamation]], [[:w:Privacy laws of the United States|privacy violations]], or [[:w:copyright infringement|copyright infringement]]. Not all Foundation staff are granted access to this group; it is based upon need for access. Staff rights are not limited by decision-making processes that involve global or local communities. * List of users with [[Special:GlobalUsers/staff|staff rights]] === Stewards === [[File:Wikimedia steward Icon.svg|right|80px]] {{further|m:Stewards}} '''Stewards''' are a global group of users who have complete access to the wiki interface on all public Wikimedia wikis. They may use their [[#Global rollbackers|global rollback]] and [[#Global sysops|global sysop]] permissions on the English Wikibooks, and may use [[Special:Undelete]] to view deleted revisions in the course of their duties as stewards. They are also permitted to use [[Wikibooks:CheckUser|the CheckUser tool]], even in non-emergency situations (that is, even if local CheckUsers exist on this wiki). In emergency situations where local users are unable or unavailable to act, stewards are asked to use their global rights to protect the best interests of Wikibooks. The English Wikibooks has no local suppressors ([[Wikibooks:Oversight|oversighters]]) at this time; therefore, stewards fill in this role, but they are allowed to process non-emergency oversight requests even if local oversighters are appointed on this wiki in the future. Stewards, along with staff and system administrators, are able to delete pages with more than 5,000 revisions. In their global role, stewards grant CheckUser and Oversight permissions to all projects, and can remove all permissions (in an emergency situation, in response to a user's self-request, or per Board decision). These actions can affect the English Wikibooks, but are done at [[meta:Steward requests/Permissions]] and are logged at [[:meta:Special:Log/rights]]. * List of users with [[Special:GlobalUsers/steward|steward rights]] === System administrators === {{further|m:System administrators}} Wikimedia '''system administrators''' are people who do [[wikitech:Server Admin Log|systems administration work]] on the Wikimedia servers. They can change a Wikimedia site's live copy of [[w:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]], read server logs, etc. Those with server access can also carry out various non-development tasks. The [[w:Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] legally controls the servers, so the [[wmf:Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Board of Trustees]] are ultimately responsible for determining who has sysadmin access. However, they generally delegate this responsibility. On a day-to-day basis, various sysadmins with root access manage the server accounts. System administrators may use their global rights in whatever manner they deem necessary to manage the Wikimedia Foundation's assets. * List of users with [[Special:GlobalUsers/sysadmin|system administrator rights]] == Removal of rights == A user who abuses their global rights by knowingly or recklessly using their global rights on the English Wikibooks in contravention of this policy should be reported to [[meta:Stewards' noticeboard]] or [[irc:#wikimedia-stewards|#wikimedia-stewards]] on IRC immediately, where the stewards will determine whether an emergency removal of tools is required. An indefinite block may also be placed on the account locally during this period if necessary to prevent further abuse (see the above section). ==Additional global groups== {{see|m:User groups#Global user groups|Special:GlobalGroupPermissions}} There are additional global groups not defined in this policy. They include: * [[:m:Abuse filter helpers|Abuse filter helpers]] * [[:m:API high limit requestors|API high limit requestors]] * [[:m:CAPTCHA exemptions|CAPTCHA exemptions]] * [[:m:Founder group|Founder group]] * [[:m:Global deleters|Global deleters]] * [[:mw:Structured Discussions|Global Flow creators]] * [[:m:Global IP block exemptions|Global IP block exemptions]] * [[:m:Global temporary account IP viewers|Global temporary account IP viewers]] * [[:m:New wikis importers|New wikis importers]] (not enabled on the English Wikibooks) * [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team/Two-factor Authentication for CentralAuth wikis|Two-factor authentication testers]] * [[:m:Recursive export|Recursive export group]] * [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|U4C members]] * [[:m:Volunteer Response Team|VRT permissions agents]] * [[:m:wmf-email-block-override|wmf-email-block-override]] * [[:m:WMF Researchers|WMF researchers]] In addition, some Meta-Wiki user groups have global effects. These include: * [[:m:Meta:Administrators|Administrators]] * [[:m:Meta:Central notice administrators|Central notice administrators]] * [[:m:Global renamers|Global renamers]] * [[:m:Meta:Interface administrators|Interface administrators]] * [[:m:Meta:MassMessage senders|MassMessage senders]] * [[:m:Meta:OAuth administrators|OAuth administrators]] * [[:m:Meta:Push subscription managers|Push subscription managers]] * [[:m:Meta:Translation administrators|Translation administrators]] * [[:m:Meta:WMF Office IT|WMF Office IT]] * [[:m:Meta:WMF Support and Safety|WMF Support and Safety]] == See also == * [[Wikibooks:Administrators]] {{Wikibooks policies and guidelines}} [[Category:Administrative policies and guidelines]] 7022xg5o9iruawvyvlvqq1q4pq8p0lx 0 237399 4680714 4680138 2026-11-07T17:26:29Z Jeff1138 301139 4680714 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== [[#Graphical Image Editing Art]] [[#Office Application]] [[#Audio]] [[#Misc Application]] [[#Games & Emulation]] [[#Application Guides]] [[#top|...to the top]] [[#top|...to the top]] Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs here] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Internet Applications !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Web Online Browser [], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser Amelinium], Odyssey 2.0, [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1175&highlight=odyssey&rowstart=100 Odyssey 3.0], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://juen.in/ Amelinium], [https://blog.alb42.de/programs/amifox/ amifox] with [https://github.com/alb42/wrp wrp server], IBrowse*, [https://github.com/zapek/Voyager Voyager], [https://github.com/reinauer/Voyager Voyager fork GCC] [https://github.com/amigazen/aweb3/ AWeb 3.6 src], [https://github.com/matjam/aweb AWeb Src], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/www/NetSurf-m68k-sources Netsurf], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?forum=32&topic_id=32847 OWB-mui], [http://strohmayer.org/owb/ OWB-Reaction], IBrowse*, [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&file=network/browser/aweb.lha AWeb], Voyager, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser Netsurf], |<!--MorphOS-->Wayfarer, [http://fabportnawak.free.fr/owb/ Odyssey OWB], [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb, [], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Downloading videos and/or audio [https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp yt-dlp], [https://clipgrab.org/ clipgrab], |<!--AROS-->[], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [ smtube], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], getVideo, |<!--MorphOS-->[ ytsearch], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [ getVideo], Tubexx |- |<!--Sub Menu-->E-mailing SMTP POP3 IMAP based |<!--AROS-->Emailinium, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/email SimpleMail], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ src], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] |<!--Amiga OS-->Emailinium, [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ SimpleMail], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] |<!--AmigaOS4-->SimpleMail, YAM, |<!--MorphOS--> SimpleMail, YAM, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Internet Chat IRC, ICB, |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat WookieChat], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/wookiechat/ Wookiechat src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat AiRcOS], Jabberwocky, |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/charabaruk/WookieChat Wookiechat], AmIRC |<!--AmigaOS4-->Wookiechat |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Wookiechat], [ AmIRC], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Instant Messaging IM like [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amidon Hollywood lang based Mastodon client], BlueSky AT protocol, Facebook(TM), Twitter X (TM), Bitlbee IRC Gateway and others |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/kaffeine1/telegram-amiga telegram-amiga], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat jabberwocky], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], CLIMM, SabreMSN, [https://sourceforge.net/projects/ajabberwocky/ jabberwocky], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], SabreMSN, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 PolyglotNG], SabreMSN, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Torrents |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/p2p ArTorr], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->CTorrent, Transmission |<!--MorphOS-->MLDonkey, Beehive, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Transmission], CTorrent, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->FTP |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], MarranoFTP, [https://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/wput-0.3.4c.i386-aros wput i386 c src] |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP AmiFTP], AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP, [https://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/sana2-tftpclient sana2 tftpclient c src] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], |<!--MorphOS-->[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Pftp], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP-1.935-OS4 AmiFTP], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->WYSIWYG Web Site Editor |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Internet Radio Streaming Audio [http://www.gnu.org/software/gnump3d/ gnump3d], [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast2] Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], [http://darkice.sourceforge.net/ DarkIce], [http://www.dyne.org/software/muse/ Muse], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc], Mplayer (Icecast Client only), |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinder TuneFinder C Src], [https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinderMUI TuneFinderMUI], [http://amigazeux.net/anr/ AmiNetRadio], [https://github.com/boingball/MintAMP MintAMP], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.tunenet.co.uk/ Tunenet], |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer, AmiNetRadio, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiPhone with Speak Freely, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Weather Forecast |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ WeatherBar], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench AWeather], [] |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], [https://github.com/emartisoft/AmiWeatherForecasts AmiWeatherForecasts src], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=utility/workbench/flipclock.lha FlipClock], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/muimapparium/ MuiMapparium] [https://build.alb42.de/ Build of MuiMapp versions], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiAtlas*, UKRoutePlus*, [http://blog.alb42.de/ AmOSM], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://blog.alb42.de/programs/mapparium/ Mapparium], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Clock and Date setting from the internet by network time protocol (NTP) [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ World Clock], [http://www.time.gov/ old standard NIST Internet Time Servers], |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/bohunamiga/PiNTP PiNTP], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=utility/workbench/amitimekeeper.i386-aros.lha amitimekeeper with c src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/misc ntpsync], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->ntpsync, [http://aminet.net/package/util/cdity/AmiTimeKeeper amitimekeeper], [http://aminet.net/comm/misc/netclock netclock], [https://aminet.net/package/comm/net/sntp sntp], [http://aminet.net/package/util/time/ScreenTime ScreenTime], [https://github.com/reinauer/SyncTime SyncTime], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Newsgroups |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://newscoaster.sourceforge.net/ Newscoaster], [https://github.com/jens-maus/newsrog NewsRog], [ WorldNews], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->RSS |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/Team-Boingo/AmiRSS AmiRSS src] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->AI |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/murinsel/AmigaAI Claude], [https://github.com/geekychris/amiga_mcp AI on host machine], [], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->BBS |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Graphical Image Editing Art== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Image Editing !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Pixel Raster Artwork [https://github.com/LibreSprite/LibreSprite LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite], [https://github.com/abetusk/hsvhero hsvhero], [], |<!--AROS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ZunePaint/ ZunePaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit LunaPaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit GrafX2], [ LodePaint needs OpenGL], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.amigaforever.com/classic/download.html PPaint], GrafX2, [https://github.com/grovdata/Amiga_Sources/blob/master/software.md DeluxePaint], [http://www.amiforce.de/perfectpaint/perfectpaint.php PerfectPaint], Zoetrope, Brilliance2*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit LodePaint], GrafX2, |<!--MorphOS-->Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 LunaPaint] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Image viewing |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer LookHere], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer LoView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer PicShow] , [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album], |<!--Amiga OS-->PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum, |<!--AmigaOS4-->WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Photography retouching / Image Manipulation like Photoshop(tm) |<!--AROS-->[ PhotoCraft], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit RNOEffects], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Tecsoft Video Paint aka TVPaint], Photogenics*, ArtEffect*, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT, Opalpaint, |<!--AmigaOS4-->WarpView, flPhoto, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit Photocrop] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], ImageFX*, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Manage RAW picture folder galleries like Darktable, RAWtherapy, etc |<!--AROS--> [ LightCraft], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, [http://www.coplabs.org/artpro.html ArtPro] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Thumbnail Generator [], |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/shell Thumbnail Generator] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Icon Editor |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/iconedit Archives], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench Icon Toolbox], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/iconedit IconEditor] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D Pixel Art Animation |<!--AROS-->Lunapaint |<!--Amiga OS-->PPaint, AnimatED, Scala*, GoldDisk MovieSetter*, Walt Disney's Animation Studio*, ProDAD*, [https://github.com/historicalsource/DeluxePaint DeluxePaint src], Brilliance |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 Titler] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D SVG based MovieSetter type [https://github.com/Flare-Animate/Flare Flare Animate] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->MovieSetter*, Fantavision* |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Morphing |<!--AROS-->[ GLMorph] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D Cad (qcad->LibreCAD, etc.) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Xcad, MaxonCAD |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Cad like FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, [ cadcraft], [https://github.com/ingelibre/ingetrazo ingetrazo] etc. using dxf, obj (vertices), blend, |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/aros-development-team/ports/tree/master/graphics SolidCraft], [https://github.com/tangency-labs/solidcraft solidcraft in AROS ports], |<!--Amiga OS-->XCad3d*, DynaCADD*, [https://aminet.net/package/gfx/3d/Cycas178_EN Cycas]*, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Model Rendering of glft (json) gbl (png jpg), usdz (USD files with materials, textures, and animations), FBX Filmbox is a proprietary Autodesk format, |<!--AROS-->POV-Ray |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.discreetfx.com./amigaproducts.html CINEMA 4D]*, POV-Ray, [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=123609 Lightwave3D RTG]*, Real3D*, Caligari24*, Reflections/Monzoom*, [https://github.com/privatosan/RayStorm Raystorm src], Tornado 3D, [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/Eric-Graham-1987-Juggler-Raytracer-1.0 Eric-Graham-1987-Juggler-Raytracer-1.0] |<!--AmigaOS4-->Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray |<!--MorphOS-->Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Format Converter [], [], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=graphics/convert/ 3doc.i386-aros], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&file=graphics/convert/ivcon.lha IVCon] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen grabbing display |<!--AROS-->[ Screengrabber], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/misc snapit], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/record screen recorder], [] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Grab graphics music from apps [https://github.com/Malvineous/ripper6 ripper6], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Manage metadata of images [https://github.com/exiv2/exiv2 exiv2], [ EXIF/IPTC/XMP metadata manipulation], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Office Application== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Office !width:10%;|AROS (x86) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_software Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1] (68k) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4 Hyperion OS4] (PPC) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS MorphOS] (PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Office Suite |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Softwood Final Office], [ Wordworth Office], [ Digita Office], [ The Works!], [ Europress Mini Office], [], [ Papyrus Office Demo], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[ Papyrus Office], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Word-processing |<!--AROS-->[ WordCraft], [https://finalwriter.godaddysites.com/ Final Writer 7*], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1995&rowstart=20&pid=12668#post_12668 Slovo], [https://github.com/sodero/MUI-Vim/releases MUI-Vim], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/wordprocessing Cinnamon Writer], [], |<!--AmigaOS-->[ Softwood FinalCopy II*], Haage AmigaWriter*, Digita WordWorth*, Softwood FinalWriter*, Micro-Systems Excellence 3*, Arnor Protext, Rashumon, [ InterWord], [ KindWords], [WordPerfect], [ New Horizons Flow], [ CygnusEd Pro], [ Micro-systems Scribble], |<!--AmigaOS4-->AbiWord, [ CinnamonWriter], |<!--MorphOS-->[ Cinnamon Writer], [http://www.meta-morphos.org/viewtopic.php?topic=1246&forum=53 scriba], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/index.php Papyrus Office], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Spreadsheets |<!--AROS-->[ GridCraft], [https://blog.alb42.de/programs/leu/ Leu], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/spreadsheet ], |<!--AmigaOS-->[https://aminet.net/package/biz/spread/ignition-src Ignition Src 1.3], [MaxiPlan 500 Plus], [OXXI Plan/IT v2.0 Speadsheet], [ Superplan], [ Creative Developments TurboCalc], [ ProCalc], [ InterSpread], [Digita DGCalc], [ Gold Disk Advantage], [ Micro-systems Analyze!] |<!--AmigaOS4-->Gnumeric, [https://ignition-amiga.sourceforge.net/ Ignition], |<!--MorphOS-->[ ignition], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php Papyrus Office], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Presentations |<!--AROS-->[ DeckCraft], [http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, [https://github.com/evaneykelen/mediapoint-amiga MediaPoint C and asm], PointRider, Scala*, |<!--Amiga OS4-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Databases |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/database BeeBase], |<!--Amiga OS-->Precision Superbase 4 Pro*, Arnor Prodata*, [https://sourceforge.net/projects/beebase/ BeeBase], Datastore, FinalData*, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2*, [Digita DGBase], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->BeeBase, SQLite, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=6 BeeBase], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PDF Viewing, editing and digital signatures |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/tomaszstaniak/aros-foliopdf folio version of mupdf], [ PDFCraft], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/arospdf/ ArosPDF via splash xpdf], [https://github.com/wattoc/AROS-vpdf vpdf], |<!--Amiga OS-->APDF |<!--AmigaOS4-->AmiPDF |<!--MorphOS-->APDF, vPDF, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Note Taking markdown support like Obsidian like, joplin, OneNote, EverNotes, xournalpp, etc |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Kickdown c src with reaction gui], [], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Study and analyse, collect, organize, annotate, cite, and share |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App Filofax like |<!--AROS-->[ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager], |<!--AmigaOS4-->AOrganiser, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://polymere.free.fr/orga_en.html PolyOrga], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Accounting |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/misc ETB], LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ], |[ Digita Home Accounts2], Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Project Management Research |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->SuperGantt, SuperPlan, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Desktop |<!--AROS-->DOpus5, Wanderer, Scalos, Workbook, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[https://github.com/zapek/Ambient Ambient Src] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System Wide Search |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/filetool Finder], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System Wide Dictionary - multilingual [http://sourceforge.net/projects/babiloo/ Babiloo], [http://code.google.com/p/stardict-3/ StarDict], |<!--AROS-->[ ], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual |<!--AROS-->[ ], |Kuma K-Roget*, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type) |<!--AROS-->[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.i386-aros AmiMemos], [https://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.src-aros AmiMemos Src], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/StickIt-2.00 StickIt v2], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->DTP Desktop Publishing [ DesignCraft], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit RNOPublisher], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]*, Professional Pro Page*, Saxon Publisher, Pagesetter, PenPal, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* |<!--MorphOS-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Printing |<!--AROS-->Postscript 3 laser printers, [https://github.com/bohunamiga/MintPRINT MintPRINT AirPrint IPP], [ Ghostscript], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/boingball/MintPRINT MintPRINT IPP], [https://github.com/Andiweli/AmiAirprint AmiAirprint], [http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_what.htm TurboPrint]*, [ GutenPrint], [https://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/NetPrinter NetPrinter LPR], [], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->(some native drivers), |<!--MorphOS-->early TurboPrint included, [https://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/NetPrinter NetPrinter LPR], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Scanning |<!--AROS-->[ SCANdal], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->FxScan*, ScanQuix*, [https://github.com/boingball/MintSCAN MintSCAN], |<!--AmigaOS4-->SCANdal (Sane) |<!--MorphOS-->SCANdal |- |<!--Sub Menu-->OCR |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/convert gOCR] |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos-files.net/categories/office/text Tesseract] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Text Editing |<!--AROS-->Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit EdiSyn], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit Annotate], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit Vim], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd] [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd src], [ NoWinEd], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/TurboText20 TurboText20 ttx], Annotate, MicroGoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Protext*, NoWinED, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED, |<!--MorphOS-->MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Annotate, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Office Fonts [http://sourceforge.net/projects/fontforge/files/fontforge-source/ Font Designer] |<!--AROS-->[ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1), |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Drawing Vector [https://github.com/tracedraw/tracedraw tracedraw] |<!--AROS-->[ vectorcraft], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/amifig/ ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG], [https://github.com/serk118/designworks-aros designworks aros 64bit] |<!--Amiga OS-->Drawstudio*, ProVector*, ArtExpression*, Professional Draw*, AmiFIG, MetaView, [https://gitlab.com/amigasourcecodepreservation/designworks Design Works Src], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->MindSpace, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit amifig], |<!--MorphOS-->SteamDraw, [http://aminet.net/package/gfx/edit/amifig amiFIG], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->video conferencing (jitsi) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->source code hosting |<!--AROS-->Gitlab, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Remote Desktop (server) |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Server ArosVNCServer], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/avnc/index.html AVNC] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC] |MorphVNC, vncserver |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Remote Desktop (client) login and connect to another machine |<!--AROS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Client/ ArosVNC], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/misc rdesktop], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/vva/index.html VVA], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->notifications |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Ranchero |<!--AmigaOS4-->Ringhio |<!--MorphOS-->MagicBeacon |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Biometric facial logins and fingerprint security features |<!--AROS-->Bebbossh, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Fido U2F (Universal 2nd Factor) and later FIDO2 (W3C WebAuthn with CTAP2) key authorization like Yubico YubiKey, etc |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Audio== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Audio !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing playback Audio like MP3, [https://github.com/chrg127/gmplayer NSF], [https://github.com/kode54/lazyusf miniusf .usflib] [https://gitlab.com/kode54/psflib with pfslib], [], [], etc |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/play Mplayer], [ HarmonyPlayer hp], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/audio/index.xhtml playcdda] CDs, [ WildMidi Player], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ UADE mod player], [], [ RNOTunes], [ mp3Player], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG, [https://codeberg.org/tygre/amimodradio amimodradio] |<!--AmigaOS4-->TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer |AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Audio |<!--AROS-->[ Audio Evolution 4] |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec Src], [http://www.sonicpulse.de/eng/news.html SoundFX], [ Samplitude], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec], AmiSoundED, [http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=audio/record/audioevolution4.lha Audio Evolution 4] |[http://www.hd-rec.de/HD-Rec/index.php?site=home HD-Rec], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Tracker Music |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/hitchhikr/protrekkr Protrekkr], [ Schism Tracker], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/tracker MilkyTracker], [http://www.hivelytracker.com/ HivelyTracker], [ Radium in AROS already], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/development/index.xhtml libMikMod], |<!--Amiga OS-->MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio, [https://github.com/elindstrom/soundtracker soundtracker], |<!--AmigaOS4-->MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker |MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Music [], [https://github.com/kmatheussen/camd CAMD] and/or staves and musical notes on manuscript [https://github.com/ratchov/midish midish] midi sequencer |<!--AROS-->[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars and Pipes], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars'n'Pipes], MusicX* David "Talin" Joiner & Craig Weeks (for Notator-X), Deluxe Music Construction Set DMCS2*, [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny c Src] [https://github.com/kas1e/midi-sequencer-amigaos/tree/master/HornyGCC HornyGCC OS4 src] [https://github.com/capehill/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny OS4 fork src] [https://www.amigans.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&topic_id=8143&order=ASC&status=&mode=0 OS4 thread], HD-Rec, [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/dominatorV1_51 Dominator], [https://github.com/royaltm/Amiga-midiIn Amiga-midiIn], [ Aegis Sonix 2.0] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Rockbeat, [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/download.html Bars'n'Pipes], [https://github.com/gooofy/freeaction Horny OS4 src fork], Audio Evolution 4, |<!--MorphOS-->Bars'n'Pipes, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Sound Sampling |<!--AROS-->[ Advanced AHI Recorder all], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/record Audio Evolution 4], [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&did=162 Quick Record], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc SOX to get AIFF 16bit files], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/workbench/tools/AHIRecord AHIRecord], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/AudioEvolution3_src Audio Evolution 3 c src], [ Samplitude]*, Audiomaster IV*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://github.com/timoinutilis/phonolith-amigaos phonolith c src], HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4, |<!--MorphOS-->[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Audio Evolution 4, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Audio Processing like easyeffects so having limiter, compressor, convolver, equalizer and auto volume and many other plugins |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->CD/DVD burn |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility IsoTools], [https://code.google.com/p/amiga-fryingpan/ FryingPan], |<!--Amiga OS-->FryingPan, [ MakeCD], |<!--AmigaOS4-->FryingPan, AmiDVD, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.amiga.org/forums/printthread.php?t=58736 FryingPan], Jalopeano, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->CD/DVD audio rip |<!--AROS-->Lame, [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&cfid=0&did=167 Quick CDrip], |<!--Amiga OS-->Lame, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Lame, |<!--MorphOS-->Lame, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger |<!--AROS-->id3ren (v1), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/edit mp3info], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> | |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Audio Convert |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc Sox], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBox SoundBox], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBoxKey SoundBox Key], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/SampleE SampleE], sox |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->DJ mixing jamming |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/djh0ffman/PT1210 Hoffman PT1210 DJ tracker], [], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Radio Automation Software [http://www.rivendellaudio.org/ Rivendell], [http://code.campware.org/projects/livesupport/report/3 Campware LiveSupport], [http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/ SourceFabric AirTime], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/mediabox404 MediaBox404], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled *2005 ZP100 with ZP80 *2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp) ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, *2009 ZonePlayer S5, *2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support), *2011 Play:3 *2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1, *2016 Arc, Play:1, *Beam (Gen 2), Playbar, Ray, Era 100, Era 300, Roam, Move 2, *Sub (Gen 3), Sub Mini, Five, Amp S2 |<!--AROS-->SonosController |<!--Amiga OS-->SonosController |<!--AmigaOS4-->SonosController |<!--MorphOS-->SonosController |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Smart Speakers |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Video Creativity and Production== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Video !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing Video |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/play Mplayer], [ VAMP], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml CDXL player], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml IffAnimPlay], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->Frogger*, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA*, MooViD*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->DvPlayer, MPlayer |<!--MorphOS-->MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Streaming Video and game streaming like OBS studio, Parsec, [https://github.com/lizardbyte/sunshine sunshine], [https://github.com/moonlight-stream/moonlight-qt moonlight], etc |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing DVD |<!--AROS-->[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, Mplayer |<!--Amiga OS-->AMP2, Frogger |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, DvPlayer*, AMP2, |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Recording |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/record Screenrecorder], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->Screenrecorder, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Create Edit Individual Video [https://github.com/storytold/filmcraft filmcraft] |<!--AROS-->[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit AVIbuild], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/misc FrameBuild], FFMPEG, |<!--Amiga OS-->[ MainConcept Mainactor Broadcast*], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster Video Toaster*] with [https://discreetfx.com/openvideotoaster.html some c src], MacroSystem MovieShop 4.3*, proDAD Adorage*, [ IOSpirit VHI studio]*, [Gold Disk ShowMaker], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->FFMpeg/GUI |<!--MorphOS-->Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Subtitle editor |<!--AROS-->[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0 Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI, |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Blogging like Lemmy or kbin |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR face recognition for Vtubers |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR chatting Live2D models with Cubism type editor or [https://github.com/AyagamiDev/ayagami ayagami] like with zipped moc3 with model metadata (model3, cdi3) <pre> Model data (cmo3) Basic motions (can3) Background image (png) Set of files for embedding (runtime folder) • Model data (moc3) • Motion data (motion3.json) • Model settings file (model3.json) • Physics settings file (physics3.json) • Display auxiliary file (cdi3.json) </pre> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR chatting chatters .VRML models - standardized 3D file format for VR avatars |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->V-tubers V-tubing like Vseeface with Openseeface tracker or Vpuppr (virtual puppet project) for online live 2d / 3d art models rigging rigged LIV |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Misc Application== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->File Management |<!--AROS-->DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus Magellan aka DOpus 5], [ Scalos], [ FileMaster], |<!--Amiga OS-->DOpus2, DOpus 4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], ClassAction, FileMaster, DirWork 2*, [https://github.com/RudolphRiedel/DiskMaster2 DiskMaster2 src], |<!--AmigaOS4-->DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], Filer, AmiDisk |<!--MorphOS-->DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Package Application Installer |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/tomaszstaniak?tab=repositories Pkg manager], [https://aros-pkg.azurewebsites.net/search?arch=x86_64 Pkg], [ InstallerNG], |<!--Amiga OS-->InstallerNG, Grunch, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Jack |<!--MorphOS-->Jack |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Compression archiver [https://github.com/FS-make-simple/paq9a paq9a], [], |<!--AROS-->XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://aminet.net/package/util/pack/decrunchmania_os4 Crunchmania CrM2 depacker], |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Binary Hexadecimal Editor |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit Zaphod], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Filesystem Partition Editor formatter Disk Management |<!--AROS-->[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1440&highlight=partition&pid=8821#post_8821 QuickPart], [ HDToolBox] |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/stefanskotte/hdpart hdpart], [https://github.com/ChuckyGang/AmiPart AmiPart], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Filesystem Repair and backups |<!--AROS-->ArSFSDoctor, |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/package/disk/bakup/quarterback_src Quarterback Tools C and asm src], [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System Disk check, integrity and history [https://github.com/smartmontools/smartmontools smart tools], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->File Verification / Repair |<!--AROS-->[https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility md5sum], [https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/filetool asum], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/filetool workpar2] (PAR2), [http://zakalwe.fi/~shd/foss/cksfv/files/ compile cksfv from website], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->Par2, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Multiple File renaming |<!--AROS-->DOpus 4 or 5, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Anti Virus |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->VChecker, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Random Wallpaper Desktop changer [ DOpus5], [ Scalos], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench DClock], [http://aminet.net/util/time/AlarmClockAROS.lha AlarmClock], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Edge snap window tool |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/kaffeine1/edgesnap edgesnap] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} ==Misc Application 2== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->C/C++ IDE Integrated Development |<!--AROS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/aidea/ AIDEa], [ Murks], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, [ StormC], [https://github.com/jens-maus/amide amide], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->CodeBench , [https://gitlab.com/boemann/codecraft CodeCraft], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->C/C++ Text Editors |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd], [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd FrexxEd src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit Annotate] with [https://www.onyxsoft.se/files/annotate_src.lha src], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Protext], [ CED], [], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[https://www.onyxsoft.se/annotate.html Annotate], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Repository |<!--AROS-->[ Git] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->Git |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->BASIC Computer Language |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/language Basic4SDL], [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz 3] with [https://github.com/AmiBlitz/AmiBlitz3 Asm src], [http://amos.condor.serverpro3.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html Amos Pro] with [https://github.com/AmiDARK/AmosProfessionalUnity-Official-Releases Asm src], [http://aminet.net/package/dev/basic/ace24dist ACE Basic], [https://github.com/gooofy/aqb aqb], [], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->sdlBasic |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Computer Languages Translation [https://tetracorp.github.io/guide/reverse-engineering-amiga.html], [https://amigasourcecodepreservation.gitlab.io/amiga-assembler-insider-guide/], [https://github.com/kermitfrog/Amiga-Re-Engineering Rust, Ghidra and FS-UAE], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://bitbucket.org/rhinoid/convert68000toc/src/main/ convert m68k seka asm-one to c], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Gui Creators |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/guitool MuiBuilder], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[ MuiBuilder], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Catalog .cd .ct Custom App Language Editors |<!--AROS-->FlexCat, [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility Flexcat GUI], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://aminet.net/package/dev/misc/simplecat SimpleCat], FlexCat |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Cross Development |<!--AROS-->[], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/geekychris/amiga_mcp amiga_mcp], [https://github.com/mbergmann-sh/AmigaED4-IDE AmigaED4-IDE], [https://lemonspawn.com/turbo-rascal-syntax-error-expected-but-begin/ Turbo Rascal], [], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Misc Application 3== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System |<!--AROS-->[ SysExplorer], [ SysMon], [ Scout], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Terminals Shells CLIs |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/tomaszstaniak/limpet limpet], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->OSK On Screen Keyboard |<!--AROS-->[], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/util/wb/OSK.lha OSK] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification |<!--AROS-->[http://www.onyxsoft.se/files/zoomit.lha ZoomIT], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer comics], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer comicon], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Ebook Reader |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#legadon Legadon EPUB],[] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Ebook Converter |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Text to Speech tts [https://github.com/JonathanFly/bark-installer Bark], [], |<!--AROS-->[ Echo " " >SPEAK:A1 inbuilt], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc flite], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.text2speech.com translator], [https://github.com/sidick/narrator.wyoming narrator.wyoming], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=search&tool=simple FLite] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://se.aminet.net/pub/aminet/mus/misc/ FLite] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/ CMU Sphinx], [http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php?q=en/index.html Julius], [http://www.isip.piconepress.com/projects/speech/index.html ISIP], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speech Voice Changer [], [], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Display Blanker screensaver |<!--AROS-->Blanker Commodity (built in), [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/screenblanker GarshneBlanker], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gblanker/ GBlanker Src], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->MultiCX, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->ModernArt Blanker, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/misc AFortune], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} ==Misc Application 4== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Fractals mandelbrot, etc |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/misc], |<!--Amiga OS-->ZoneXplorer, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Landscape Rendering |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/raytrace WCS World Construction Set], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Vista Pro], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Construction_Set World Construction Set] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[ WCS World Construction Set], |<!--MorphOS-->[ WCS World Construction Set], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Astronomy [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skychart/ skychart freepascal], [], [], |<!--AROS-->[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/search?query=planetarium Aminet search], [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/DA3V56ISO.zip Digital Almanac], [https://aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3sourceV58 Src c V58], [ Galileo renamed to Distant Suns]*, [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/digital-almanac/ Digital Almanac], Distant Suns*, [http://www.digitaluniverse.org.uk/ Digital Universe]*, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.aminet.net/misc/sci/da3.lha Digital Almanac], [http://www.aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3-mos-src Src c V56], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Astrology [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skylendar/ skylendar], [https://github.com/CruiserOne/Astrolog Astrolog], [https://www.astrolog.org/astrolog/astfile.htm Astrology alt site], [https://saravali.github.io/download.html Maitreya], [https://github.com/alamahant/Asteria Asteria], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> [ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Languages |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Fun School, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Mathematics ([http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en.html Xcas], etc.), |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/scientific mathX] |<!--Amiga OS-->Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4-->Yacas |<!--MorphOS-->Yacas |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Maths Graph Function Plotting |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#MUIPlot MUIPlot], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/docky BoingBar], [ Dockbar], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/adkennan/DockBot Dockbot], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Printer [https://github.com/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer OrcaSlicer] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->CNC control with laser and vinyl cutting |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PCB design |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Digital Signage |<!--AROS-->Hollywood, Hollywood Designer |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->HAM radio, amateur radio, packet radio, [], [], [], [https://cemaxecuter.com/ Dragon OS], [https://github.com/km4ack/73Linux with 73 link update], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAL5KNePRSg video for], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/punktniklas/NiKom NiKom], [https://www.amigarealm.com/amiga/amicomms/comm4.htm Comm4], [https://www.amigarealm.com/archives/comms/aarug/ TNC Terminal Node Controller with packets over serial connections on Yaesu or Woxum handheld], [https://aminet.net/comm/misc AmiCom], [ with 7Plus file encoder/decoder], [ mksstv], [ RTTYam], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->modern smart home network like Home Assistant Automation Yellow, Green, Mosquitto, EMQX, IFTTT (aka IF This Then That), |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/evil4dmin/ami2ha HA], [https://github.com/sidick/midge mtqq.lib], [https://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiHomeassist-0.7 AmiHomeassist], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Teaching classroom learning training [https://github.com/moodle/moodle moodle], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Games & Emulation== Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/changetaskpri.php changetaskpri -1] Rom patching https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ https://www.romhacking.net/patch/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found [http://www.pdroms.de/ here] as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see [http://retrogamingtimes.com/ here] and [http://www.armchairarcade.com/neo/ here] and a [http://www.vintagecomputing.com/ blog] about old computers. Possibly some of the [http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-best-selling-computer-and-video-games best selling] of all time. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators Wiki] with emulated systems list. [https://archive.gamehistory.org/ Archive of VGHF], [https://library.gamehistory.org/ Video Game History Foundation Library search] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:10%;|Games [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Emulation] !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k) !width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Amstrad CPC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [ Caprice32 (OpenGL & pure SDL)], [ Arnold], [https://retroshowcase.gr/cpcbox-master/], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Arcade |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Mame], [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS-->Mame, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem xmame], amiarcadia, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 Mame], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 2600 [], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Stella], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 5200 [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A5200DS A5200DS], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 7800 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A8DS A8DS], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Atari800], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari Lynx |<!--AROS-->[http://myfreefilehosting.com/f/6366e11bdf_1.93MB Handy (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari Jaguar |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron [http://beehttps://bem-unix.bbcmicro.com/download.html BeebEm], [http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/ B-Em], [http://elkulator.acornelectron.co.uk/ Elkulator], [http://electrem.emuunlim.com/ ElectrEm], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo [http://www.6809.org.uk/xroar/ xroar], [], |<!--AROS-->[], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore C64 |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Vice (ABIv0 only)], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->Frodo, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem viceplus], |<!--MorphOS-->Vice, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore Amiga |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Janus UAE], Emumiga, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer UAE], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 UAE], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex [ Vectrex OpenGL], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation PICO8 Pico-8 fantasy video game console [https://github.com/egordorichev/pemsa-sdl/ pemsa-sdl], [https://github.com/jtothebell/fake-08 fake-08], [https://github.com/Epicpkmn11/fake-08/tree/wip fake-08 fork], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem vba no sound], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem vba] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo NES |<!--AROS-->[ EmiNES], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Fceu], [https://github.com/takahirox/nes-js?tab=readme-ov-file nes-js], [https://github.com/bfirsh/jsnes jsnes], [https://github.com/angelo-wf/NesJs NesJs], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiNES, [http://www.dridus.com/~nyef/darcnes/ darcNES], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem amines] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo SNES |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Zsnes], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem warpsnes] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://fabportnawak.free.fr/snes/ Snes9x], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo N64 *HLE and plugins [ mupen64], [https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares ares], [https://github.com/N64Recomp/N64Recomp N64Recomp], [https://github.com/rt64/rt64 rt64], [https://github.com/simple64/simple64 Simple64], *LLE [], |<!--AROS-->[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/tr-981125_src TR64], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Nintendo Wii U] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://github.com/yuzu-emu Nintendo Switch] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation NEC PC Engine |<!--AROS-->[], [], [https://github.com/yhzmr442/jspce js-pce], |[http://www.hugo.fr.fm/ Hugo], [http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/ Mednafen], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem tgemu] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS) |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Dega], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem sms], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem osmose] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem gp no sound], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem DGen], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/ Genplus], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem genesisplus] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Saturn *HLE [https://mednafen.github.io/ mednafen], [http://yabause.org/ yabause], [], *LLE [], [], |<!--AROS-->? |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://yabause.org/ Yabause], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Dreamcast *HLE [https://github.com/flyinghead/flycast flycast], [https://code.google.com/archive/p/nulldc/downloads NullDC], *LLE [], [], |<!--AROS-->? |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum |[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Fuse (crackly sound)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer SimCoupe], [ FBZX slow], [https://jsspeccy.zxdemo.org/ jsspeccy], [http://torinak.com/qaop/games qaop], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.zophar.net/sinclair.html Speculator], [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/x128/index.html X128], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair QL |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/QDOS4amiga1 QDOS4amiga] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem gngeo], NeoPop, |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sony PlayStation |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Sony PS2] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Sony PS3] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://vita3k.org/ Sony Vita] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://github.com/shadps4-emu/shadPS4 PS4] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems Tangerine] Oric and Atmos |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Oricutron] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Oricutron] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/oricutron Oricutron] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/DS994a DS994a], [], [https://js99er.net/#/ js99er], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga TI4Amiga], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga_src TI4Amiga src in c], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G Graphing Calculators |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 85 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games emulation Ms-Dos Dosbox type |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/tomaszstaniak/aros-boxerapp Boxer] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:10%;|Games [https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ General] !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k) !width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Games [https://www.trackawesomelist.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games/ Open Source and others] || AROS || Amiga OS || Amiga OS4 || Morphos |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Action like [https://github.com/opentomb/OpenTomb opentomb], [https://github.com/LostArtefacts/TRX TRX formerly Tomb1Main], [https://github.com/TombEngine TombEngine], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action Thrust], [https://github.com/fragglet/sdl-sopwith sdl sopwith], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action BOH], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/BSzili/OpenLara/tree/amiga/src source of openlara SDL2], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Adventure like [http://dotg.sourceforge.net/ DMJ], [https://github.com/kromenak/gengine Gabriel Knight 3], [http://www.sarien.net/ Sierra Sarien], [https://github.com/klembot/twinejs twine js], [https://github.com/QSPFoundation/qspgui Quest Soft Player QSP], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/adventure dmagnetic], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=browse&cat=emulation/misc ScummVM], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/roleplaying frotz infocom], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Board like [https://github.com/aperture-software/colditz-escape escape from colditz], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/board], [http://amigan.1emu.net/releases Africa] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Cards |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/card], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&rowstart=180&pid=12934#post_12934 Balatro], |<!--AmigaOS-->[http://home.arcor.de/amigasolitaire/e/welcome.html Reko], [https://github.com/samskivert/beschei-en beschei Src], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Misc [https://github.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games Awesome open], [https://github.com/bobeff/open-source-games General Open Source], [https://github.com/SAT-R/sa2 Sonic Advance 2], [https://github.com/velorek1/cwordle Wordle type], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/misc], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games FPS like [https://aminet.net/package/game/shoot/D1X_Rebirth_AGA Descent D1X src], [https://github.com/DescentDevelopers/Descent3 Descent 3], [https://github.com/Fewnity/Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS], [https://github.com/Aleph-One-Marathon/alephone Bungie Marathon 1994], [https://zdoom.org/downloads UzDoom opengl 3.3], [https://github.com/ZDoom/gzdoom gzdoom opengl 3+], [https://zdoom.org/downloads LZDoom opengl 2.1], [https://github.com/OpenXRay/xray-16 S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray], [https://staniks.github.io/articles/serious-engine-networking-analysis/ Serious Sam] [https://github.com/Croteam-official/Serious-Engine Serious Engine 1] |<!--AROS-->Doom, Quake, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Assault Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL)], [http://fodquake.net/test/ FodQuake QuakeWorld], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Duke Nukem 3D], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Hexenworld and Hexen 2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 avp (openGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Odamex (openGL doom)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/fps/ zgloom], [], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/fps/ ab3dhd], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless, Gloom, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Doom, Quake, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12 Doom], Quake, Quake 3 Arena, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games MMORG like |<!--AROS-->[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Platform like |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/platform], [ Maze of Galious], [ Gish]*(openGL), [ Mega Mario], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/platform/ thextech SMBX], [http://www.gianas-return.de/ Giana's Return], [http://www.sqrxz.de/ Sqrxz], [www.sqrxz2.de/ Sqrxz 2], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-3/ Sqrxz 3], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-4/ Sqrxz 4], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/platform Cave Story], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Frogatto], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ OpenJazz], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/platform/ pekkakana2], [ Aquaria], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/platform/ sonic CD], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Giana Sisters], [], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Puzzle [https://github.com/mariopartyrd/marioparty4/tree/port Party], [https://github.com/mdodis/OpenSolomonsKey OpenSolomonsKey], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/puzzle], [ Cubosphere (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/puzzle Candy Crisis], [http://bszili.morphos.me/ TailTale], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Sports |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/tomaszstaniak/aros-swos OpenSWOS], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Racing [ Trigger Rally], [ VDrift], [http://www.ultimatestunts.nl/index.php?page=2&lang=en Ultimate Stunts], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/ Mania Drive], [https://github.com/plowteam/donut Simpsons Hit and Run], [], |<!--AROS-->[ Super Tux Kart (OpenGL)], [http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/F1Spirit.30.html F1 Spirit (OpenGL)], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html MultiRacer], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Speed Dreams], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/driving/dethrace-0.10.1.x86_64-aros-v11.zip Carmageddon dethrace 64bit], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/index.php?downloads=yes maniadrive like trackmania], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html Speed Dreams], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html TORCS], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 1st first person DRPG [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/OpenEnroth/OpenEnroth OpenEnroth MM], [] |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/BSzili/aros-stuff Arx Libertatis], [http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ js raycaster], [https://github.com/Dorthu/es6-crpg webgl], [https://github.com/sonountaleban/AmiShockolate System Shock], [], [], |<!--AmigaOS-->Phantasie, Faery Tale, Dungeon Master, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 3rd third person action CRPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/alexbatalov/fallout1-ce fallout ce], [https://github.com/rwengine/openrw gta3], [https://github.com/gta-reversed/gta-reversed gta3 sa], [https://github.com/mrxenginner/reVC gta3 vc revc], [https://github.com/jakobharder/burntime/tree/main Burntime], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/strategy/ fheroes2 homm2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/roleplaying/ breakhack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/roleplaying/ devilutionx diablo 1 hellfire], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/roleplaying/ fallout 1], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/strategy/ stratagus], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/strategy/ hostile-takeover], [https://github.com/Kalamatee/ Openmw], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games isometric RPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/topics/dungeon?l=javascript Dungeon], [], [https://github.com/clintbellanger/heroine-dusk JS Dusk], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/roleplaying nethack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/roleplaying GemRB], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games card based RPG [https://github.com/open-duelyst/duelyst Duelyst], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games turn based tactics RPG [], [], [], [], [], [], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/strategy UFO AI], [http://play.freeciv.org/ FreeCiv], [https://juen.in Aveterna online civ], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Strategy [http://rtsgus.org/ RTSgus], [http://stargus.sourceforge.net/ Stargus], [https://github.com/KD-lab-Open-Source/Perimeter Perimeter], [https://matty77.itch.io/conflict-3049 conflict-3049], [https://github.com/ZeroK-RTS/Zero-K Zero-K multi player rts lua], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/strategy MegaGlest (OpenGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/strategy/ signus], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&rowstart=140&pid=12446#post_12446 Wargus warcraft 2 setup], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/package/game/strat/OpenDUNE_RTG OpenDUNE_RTG src] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Rhythm, Beat, Step [], [], [https://clonehero.net/ clonehero], [https://github.com/MatteoGodzilla/Dj-Engine Dj-Engine], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/misc Frets on Fire], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Shoot Em Ups [http://www.mhgames.org/oldies/formido/ Formido], [http://code.google.com/p/violetland/ Violetland], ||<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action Open Tyrian], [http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ Alien Blaster], [https://github.com/OpenFodder/openfodder OpenFodder], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/action/ tbftss The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War] |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Simulations [http://scp.indiegames.us/ Freespace 2], [http://www.heptargon.de/gl-117/gl-117.html GL117], [http://code.google.com/p/corsix-th/ Theme Hospital], [http://code.google.com/p/freerct/ Rollercoaster Tycoon], [http://hedgewars.org/ Hedgewars], [https://github.com/raceintospace/raceintospace raceintospace], [https://github.com/Return-To-The-Roots RTTR Settlers 2], [https://github.com/OoliteProject/oolite oolite elite], [https://github.com/fesh0r/newkind newkind elite], [https://github.com/bohemiainteractive/cwr Arma Cold War Src], [https://github.com/endless-sky/endless-sky endless-sky], [https://github.com/pioneerspacesim/pioneer pioneer space command], |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/tomaszstaniak/aros-micropolis micropolis] |<!--Amiga OS-->SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park, [https://github.com/angree/openttd_amiga_68k openttd amiga_68k], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Life Sim [https://github.com/ACreTeam/forest Animal Crossing], [ ], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Horror [https://github.com/Mikompilation/MikuPan Fatal Frame], [ ], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration [https://github.com/ClassiCube/ Classicube],[http://www.michaelfogleman.com/craft/ Craft], [https://github.com/tothpaul/DelphiCraft DelphiCraft],[https://www.minetest.net/ Luanti formerly Minetest], [ infiniminer], |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/Kalamatee/veloren veloren] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Battle Royale [https://bruh.io/ Play.Bruh.io], [https://www.coolmathgames.com/0-copter Copter Royale], [https://surviv.io/ Surviv.io], [https://nuggetroyale.io/#Ketchup Nugget Royale], [https://miniroyale2.io/ Miniroyale2.io], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Tower Defense [https://chriscourses.github.io/tower-defense/ HTML5], [https://github.com/SBardak/Tower-Defense-Game TD C++], [https://github.com/bdoms/love_defense LUA and LOVE], [https://github.com/HyOsori/Osori-WebGame HTML5], [https://github.com/PascalCorpsman/ConfigTD ConfigTD Pascal], [https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom Wine], [] |<!--AROS-->[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&rowstart=180&pid=12871#post_12871 Plants vs Zombies PvZ], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/boingball/miggy-tower-defense miggy-tower-defense], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Visual Novel Engines [https://github.com/diane1f0cd/VisualNovelTemplate Visual Novel Template], [https://github.com/Kirilllive/tuesday-js Tuesday JS], [https://github.com/tejasnayak25/vnsutra vnsutra], [https://github.com/weetabix-su/renpsp-dev RenPSP], [https://github.com/Galladite27/ONScripter-EN ONScripter-EN], [https://github.com/NathanGuilhot/VNES-Raylib https://github.com/NathanGuilhot/VNES VNES in Raylib], [https://www.renpy.org/latest.html renpy ren'py python based], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Reality VR [https://gitlab.com/madsbuvi/openmw openmw vr], [https://github.com/Team-Beef-Studios/BeefRaiderXR BeefRaiderXR], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Table Top VTT [ Roll20], [https://www.owlbear.rodeo/ owlbear rodeo], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Computer assisted TableTop TTRPG OSR [https://www.rpgsolo.com/play.php RPGSolo], [https://github.com/fpsvogel/solo-ttrpgs Solo TTRPG], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 2D 3D Engines [https://github.com/fegennari/3DWorld 3DWorld], [https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Torque3D], [https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay GamePlay 3D], [https://www.babylonjs.com/ BabylonJS ], [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], [https://github.com/JacobHess03/ Dragon-Quest like], [https://github.com/bjornbytes/lovr Lua LOVE for 2D LOVR for 3D], [], |<!--AROS-->[https://www.arkhamdev.net/wiki.htm?id=agx Arkham Development antiryadgx 8.9 lts with register], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/alpyre/Sevgi_Engine Sevgi Engine], [], [], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games C based game frameworks [https://github.com/orangeduck/Corange Corange], [https://github.com/scottcgi/Mojoc Mojoc], [https://orx-project.org/ Orx], [https://github.com/ioquake/ioq3 Quake 3], [https://www.mapeditor.org/ Tiled], [https://www.raylib.com/ 2d Raylib], [https://github.com/Rabios/awesome-raylib other raylib], [https://github.com/MrFrenik/gunslinger Gunslinger], [https://o3de.org/ o3d], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/library GLFW], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/library Raylib 5], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games RPGMaker MV/MZ-compatible projects [https://github.com/Psychronic-Games/RPGReactor RPGReactor js], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Pinball [https://github.com/vpinball/vpinball vpinball], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games unpack unarc [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |} ==Application Guides== [[#top|...to the top]] ===Web Browser=== OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019) and 3.0. This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works. [https://www.bilibili.tv/en/search untested] This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum). Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow. Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed. There are tooltypes that can be added to the icon to provide further features JIT, MSE etc Certificates from [https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html ca certs], DNS tracking blocking with [https://easylist.to/easylist/easylist.txt easylist.txt] in PROGDIR:Conf before starting browser with enabled AdBlock [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/tree/master easylist], [https://gitlab.com/eyeo anti abp], [https://firebog.net/ big blocklist], [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts Steves], [], [], This can be enabled with OWB Odyssey with Windows -> Content Blocking and Windows -> Messages and enter https://www.youtube.com/api/stats/ads* https://www.youtube.com/pagead/adview* https://www.youtube.com#@##player-ads* into your custom filters Element blocker browser extension might be needed for [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/wiki/Youtube-Issues youtube], [ mid roll], [ pre roll], [ ], OWB speed is much better when running from RAM Disk, the best way is to add the below into your S:User-Startup which copies OWB drawer from Extras:Internet/OWB to RAM Disk: So add this : <pre> copy Extras:Internet/OWB Ram:OWB/ ALL CLONE >NIL: copy Extras:Internet/OWB.info Ram: >NIL: </pre> Open RAM Disk and open OWB drawer and double click on OWB icon so that the above icon tooltypes are activated Problems are that the copy time is long (around 20 seconds added in the background), but we can make it faster if we delete useless files from the OWB drawer (docs, …) If you don’t copy the drawer back onto the HD, you won’t save your cache, cookies, passwords… So you need a script for it. copy Extras:Internet/Amelinium/#? Ram:Amelinium/ ALL CLONE >NIL: Error messages SSL error "cant verify with ca-certificates", check bios clock time date is correct Error 6, try checking networking prefs settings and Save / Use preferences again or a '''few times''' otherwise the network chipset may not be compatible with Aros [https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&udm=14 Google search without AI overview] [ DuckDuckGo] [ Ecosia] [ Qwant] [ Swisscows] [ Mojeek] [ Brave Search] [ PreSearch] [ Startpage] ===E-mail=== Emailinium is now available for IMAP and POP3 based accounts YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections ====SimpleMail==== SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes. Please read more on this [http://www.freelists.org/list/simplemail-usr User list] GMail Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first. pop3: pop.gmail.com Use SSL: Yes Port: 995 smtp: smtp.gmail.com (with authentication) Use Authentication: Yes Use SSL: Yes Port: 465 or 587 Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013. If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way: 1. Email/Password 2. Manual 3. IMAP 4. * Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked * Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked * POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL Yahoo Mail On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts. Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well. Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server * Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com * Port - 993 * Requires SSL - Yes Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server * Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com * Port - 465 or 587 * Requires SSL - Yes * Requires authentication - Yes Your login info * Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com) * Password - Your account's password * Requires authentication - Yes Note that you need to enable “Web & POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program. You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client. Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3 * Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port. * “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”. * “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com * “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password. Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com. * Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work. ====YAM Yet Another Mailer==== YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers have now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available [http://www.freelists.org/list/yam YAM Freelists] One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server. Possible issues Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue. getting a "Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library GMail Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com Use SSL: Yes Port: 995 Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication) Use Authentication: Yes Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL) Port: 465 or 587 Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com') Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com) Password: your Gmail password Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead. Outlook.com access <pre > Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias) Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password Outlook.com SMTP port: 587 Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes </pre > Yahoo Mail <pre > “POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port. “SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work. “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”. “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password. </pre > Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com. Note that you need to enable “Web & POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program. You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client. Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3 Microsoft Outlook Express Mail 1. Get the files to your PC. By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received. 2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM. 3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too. 4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments. 5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format. ===FTP=== Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a "thing of the past", its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort. First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure "FTP file transfer" is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command: ifconfig -a Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan: Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on "New". You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine: 1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before. 2) click on Custom Options: 1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu; 2) Ensure "Passive Transfers" is NOT selected; 3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source: 1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and 2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's "MyWorkspace" contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes. Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well. ===IRC Internet Relay Chat=== Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many. Just type a message in ''lowercase''' letters and it will be posted to all in the [ AROS irc channel]. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying. Other things to type in - replace <message> with a line of text and <nick> with a person's name <pre> /help /list /who /whois <nick> /msg <nick> <message> /query <nick> <message>s /query /away <message> /away /quit <going away message> </pre> [http://irchelp.org/irchelp/new2irc.html#smiley Intro guide here]. IRC Primer can be found here in [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html html], [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/text/ircprimer.txt TXT], [http://www.kei.com/irc/IRCprimer1.1.ps PostScript]. Issue the command /me <text> where <text> is the text that should follow your nickname. Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout /nick <newNick> /nickserv register <password> <email address> /ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv /nickserv identify <password> Alternatives: /ns identify <password> /msg nickserv identify <password> ==== IRC WookieChat ==== WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities. add smilies drawer/directory run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000 select a server / server window * nickname * user name * real name - optional Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in. servers * New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box * New Group * Delete Entry * Connect to server * connect in new tab * perform on connect Change details * Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server: * Port number - no need to change * Server password * Channel - add #channel from below * auto join - can click this * nick registration password, Click Connect to server button above <pre> Server: irc.freenode.net Channel: #aros </pre> irc://irc.freenode.net/aros <pre> Server: chat.amigaworld.net Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans </pre> <pre> On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC) Server:irc.superhosts.net Channel #team*amiga </pre> <pre> BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks Server: im.bitlbee.org Port 6667 Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server. </pre> [http://www.bitlbee.org/main.php/servers.html Other servers], <pre> #Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a) twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL) </pre> <pre> Multiple server support "Perform on connect" scripts and channel auto-joins Automatic Nickserv login Tabs for channels and private conversations CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers Colours for different events Logging and automatic reloading of logs mIRC colour code filters Configurable timestamps GUI for changing channel modes easily Configurable highlight keywords URL Grabber window Optional outgoing swear word filter Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages DCC CHAT support Doubleclickable URL's Support for multiple languages using LOCALE Clone detection Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection Command aliases Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style Counter for Unread messages Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser </pre> ====IRC Aircos ==== Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc. ====IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky==== Servers are setup and close down at random You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them. The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky <pre > Jabberwocky -> Server -> XMPP -> open and ad-free Jabberwocky -> Server -> Transports (Gateways) -> Proprietary closed systems </pre > The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) '''but''' you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead. The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with '''transports''' to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc. You have to register with one of the servers, [https://list.jabber.at/ this list] or [http://www.jabberes.org/servers/ another list], [http://xmpp.net/ this security XMPP list], Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other. Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password. Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users. Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's "Windows" menu and select the "Agents" option. The "Agents List" window will open. Roster (contacts list) [http://search.wensley.org.uk/ Chatrooms] (MUC) are available File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL. Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN. There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. [http://aminet.net/package/dev/src/AmiPhoneSrc192 AmiPhone] and [http://www.lysator.liu.se/%28frame,faq,nobg,useframes%29/ahi/v4-site/ Speak Freely] was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options. Facebook If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway. <pre > 1. launch jabberwocky 2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu 3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID 4. your password is your normal facebook password 5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field 6. click the 'add' button 7. click the 'close' button 8. click the 'connect' button </pre > you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky. [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=37085&forum=32 Read more here] for Facebook users, you can log-in directly to Facebook with jabberwocky. just sign in as @chat.facebook.com with your Facebook password as the password Twitter For a few years, there has been added a twitter transport. Servers include [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/ jabber.hot-chili.net], and . An [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/tag/how-tos/ How-to] :Read [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/2010/05/09/twitter-transport-working/ more] Instagram no support at the moment best to use a web browser based client ICQ The new version (beta) of StriCQ uses a newer ICQ protocol. Most of the ICQ Jabber Transports still use an older ICQ protocol. You can only talk one-way to StriCQ using the older Transports. Only the newer ICQv7 Transport lets you talk both ways to StriCQ. Look at the server lists in the first section to check. Register on a Jabber server, e.g. this one works: http://www.jabber.de/ Then login into Jabberwocky with the following login data e.g. xxx@jabber.de / Password: xxx Now add your ICQ account under the window->Agents->"Register". Now Jabberwocky connects via the Jabber.de server with your ICQ account. Yahoo Messenger although yahoo! does not use xmpp protocol, you should be able to use the transport methods to gain access and post your replies MSN early months of 2013 Microsoft will ditch MSN Messenger client and force everyone to use Skype...but MSN protocol and servers will keep working as usual for quite a long time.... Occasionally the Messenger servers have been experiencing problems signing in. You may need to sign in at www.outlook.com and then try again. It may also take multiple tries to sign in. (This also affects you if you’re using Skype.) You have to check each servers' Agents List to see what transports (MSN protocol, ICQ protocol, etc.) are supported or use the list address' provided in the section above. Then register with each transport (IRC, MSN, ICQ, etc.) to which you need access. After registering you can Connect to start chatting. msn.jabber.com/registered should appear in the window. From this [http://tech.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/amiga-jabberwocky/message/1378 JW group] guide which helps with this process in a clear, step by step procedure. 1. Sign up on MSN's site for a passport account. This typically involves getting a Hotmail address. 2. Log on to the Jabber server of your choice and do the following: * Select the "Windows/Agents" menu option in Jabberwocky. * Select the MSN Agent from the list presented by the server. * Click the Register button to open a new window asking for: **Username = passort account email address, typically your hotmail address. **Nick = Screen name to be shown to anyone you add to your buddy list. **Password = Password for your passport account/hotmail address. * Click the Register button at the bottom of the new window. 3. If all goes well, you will see the MSN Gateway added to your buddy list. If not, repeat part 2 on another server. Some servers may show MSN in their list of available agents, but have not updated their software for the latest protocols used by MSN. 4. Once you are registered, you can now add people to your buddy list. Note that you need to include the '''msn.''' ahead of the servername so that it knows what gateway agent to use. Some servers may use a slight variation and require '''msg.gate.''' before the server name, so try both to see what works. If my friend's msn was amiga@hotmail.co.uk and my jabber server was @jabber.meta.net.nz.. then amiga'''%'''hotmail.com@'''msn.'''jabber.meta.net.nz or another the trick to import MSN contacts is that you don't type the hotmail URL but the passport URL... e.g. Instead of: goodvibe%hotmail.com@msn.jabber.com You type: goodvibe%passport.com@msn.jabber.com And the thing about importing contacts I'm afraid you'll have to do it by hand, one at the time... Google Talk any XMPP server will work, but you have to add your contacts manually. a google talk user is typically either @gmail.com or @talk.google.com. a true gtalk transport is nice because it brings your contacts to you and (can) also support file transfers to/from google talk users. implement Jingle a set of extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) support ended early 2014 as Google moved to Google+ Hangouts which uses it own proprietary format ===Video Player MPlayer=== Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using 4:3 mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi 16:9 mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi if you want gui use; mplayer -gui 1 <other params> file.avi <pre > stack 1000000 ; using AspireOS 1.xx ; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: ; using Icaros Desktop 1.x ; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: ; using Icaros Desktop 2.x ; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: cd RAM:MPlayer run MPlayer -gui > Nil: ;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls > Nil: </pre > $ mplayer rtsp://127.0.0.1:554/sample_300kbit.mp4 MPlayer supports multicast streaming, and rtp/rtsp protocols (it might require [http://www.live555.com/openRTSP/ live555 library] to work with some streams). But you might have to build it where it's disabled. Also, multicast won't work with some AmiTCP-likes. MIAMI supported it, though. AROS supports IPv4 (old but works) and this includes the needed address space for RTP. If you mean multicast via RTP - mplayer handles it. You can even force UDP over TCP -rtsp-stream-over-tcp If the rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol server needs authentification: -user -passwd MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls http://scenesat.com/ http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm http://www.kohina.com/ http://www.remix64.com/ http://retrogamer.net/forum/ http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml http://retrogamesquad.com/ http://www.retronauts.com/ http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/ http://www.retrogamingradio.com/ http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp [[#top|...to the top]] ====ZunePaint==== simplified typical workflow * importing and organizing and photo management * making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time * exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes. For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction. For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common. Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject. Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking. For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term. * White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under "Misc color effects" tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green * Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery * Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software * Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations * Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement * Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K) * Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F) * Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs - * Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D) * Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size White Balance - F12 and K scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above. Exposure correction F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up Workflows in practice * Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z * Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level. * Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone. * Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture. * After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK. And save your picture Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur, * negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc. adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop, * reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon, etc. * red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate, effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects) * blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc. borders such as * dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc. brushes e.g. * frost, smoke, etc. and manual control of fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration - lens and body profiles perspective correction levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows curves - Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast color balance one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc. Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later. File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc. contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr Image Picture Formats * low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace - TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, making them proprietary. * linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, [http://www.openexr.com/ ILM .EXR], jpg, [http://aminet.net/util/dtype cr2] (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it) An old version of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/convert dcraw] There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible. A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values. The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a "downsampling" - should prevent as much loss as possible. Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured. Keyboard equivalence with Photoshop(tm) would help <pre> File PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP New Ctrl+n New Open Ctrl+o Open Close Ctrl+w Close Save Ctrl+s Save Save as Shift+Ctrl+s Save as Revert F12 Revert Print Ctrl+p Print Exit Ctrl+q Quit Edit PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Undo/Redo (1 level) Ctrl+z Undo (Redo is Shift+Ctrl+z) Cut Ctrl+x Cut Copy Ctrl+c Copy Paste Ctrl+v Paste Paste Into Shift+Ctrl+v Paste Into Fill with FG color Alt+Backspace Fill with FG color Fill with BG color Control+Backspace Fill with BG color Image/Colors PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Levels Ctrl+l Levels Auto Contrast Shift+Ctrl+Alt+l Stretch Contrast (same?) Curves Ctrl+m Curves Color Balance Ctrl+b Color Balance Hue/Saturation Ctrl+u Hue-Saturation Desaturate Shift+Ctrl+u Desaturate Invert Ctrl+i Invert Default Colors d Default Colors Switch Colors x Switch Colors Layer PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP New Layer Shift+Ctrl+n New Layer Layer via Copy Ctrl+j Duplicate Layer Bring (layer) to Front Shift+Ctrl+] Layer to Top Send (layer) to Back Shift+Ctrl+[ Layer to Bottom Bring (layer) Forward Ctrl+] Raise Layer Send (layer) Backward Ctrl+[ Lower Layer Select Top Layer Shift+Alt+] Select Top Layer Select Bottom Layer Shift+Alt+[ Select Bottom Layer Select One Layer Forward Alt+] Select Previous Layer Select One Layer Backward Alt+[ Select Next Layer Merge Down Ctrl+e Merge Down Merge Visible Shift+Ctrl+e Merge Visible Preserve Transparency / Keep Transparency Cycle Modes Forwards Shift+= Next Layer Mode Cycle Modes Backwards Shift+- Previous Layer Mode Select PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Select All Ctrl+a Select All Deselect Ctrl+d Select None Inverse Shift+Ctrl+i Invert Feather Ctrl+Alt+d Feather View PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Zoom In Ctrl+= Zoom In Zoom Out Ctrl+- Zoom Out Fit on Screen Ctrl+0 Zoom to Fit Window Actual Pixels Ctrl+Alt+0 Zoom 1:1 Show/Hide Extras Ctrl+h Toggle Show Selection (close enough?) Show/Hide Guides Ctrl+' Toggle Show Guides Show/Hide Grid Ctrl+Alt+' Toggle Show Grid Show/Hide Rulers Ctrl+r Toggle Show Rulers Snap Ctrl+; Snap to Guides Scroll View Up Page Up Scroll Page Up Scroll View Down Page Down Scroll Page Down Scroll View Left Ctrl+Page Up Scroll Page Left Scroll View Right Ctrl+Page Down Scroll Page Right Window/Dialogs PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP ? F5 Tools Dialog Color Tab F6 Colors Dialog Layers Tab F7 Layers Dialog Info Tab F8 Image Information Tools PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Move Tool v Move Tool Lasso Tool l Free Select Tool Magic Wand Tool w Fuzzy Select Tool Crop Tool c Crop & Resize Tool Airbrush Tool j Airbrush Tool Paintbrush Tool b Paintbrush Tool Clone Stamp Tool s Clone Stamp Tool Eraser Tool e Eraser Tool Blur Tool r Convolve Tool Dodge Tool o DodgeBurn Tool Type Tool t Text Tool Pen Tool p Bezier Select Tool Eye Dropper Tool i Color Picker Tool Zoom Tool z Magnify Tool Previous Brush , Previous Brush Next Brush . Next Brush First Brush Shift+< First Brush Last Brush Shift+> Last Brush Decrease Brush Size [ Decrease Brush Size Increase Brush Size ] Increase Brush Size Decrease Brush Hardness { Decrease Brush Hardness Increase Brush Hardness } Increase Brush Hardness Rectangular Marquee Tool m Rect Select Tool Elliptical Marquee Tool Shift+m Ellipse Select Tool Gradient Tool g Blend Tool Paint Bucket Tool Shift+g Bucket Fill Tool Transform Alt Cntrl T Help PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Help F1 Help Context Help Shift+F1 Context Help Misc. PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Last Filter Ctrl+f Repeat Last Filter ? Shift+Ctrl+f Reshow Last Filter Preferences Ctrl+k Preferences Liquify Shift+Ctrl+x IWarp (close enough?) Toggle Quick Mask q Toggle Quick Mask </pre> Spotlights - triangle of white opaque shape Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking. * Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by and brushes for other areas. * Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal. Remove fringe/halo saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact. Implemented [http://colorizer.org/ colour model representations] [http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/colourspace/ Mathematical approach] - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well. * RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting) * YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color [http://crewofone.com/2012/chroma-subsampling-and-transcoding/#comment-7299 video] Histograms White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right. RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30% RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) . The alpha channel is used for "alpha compositing", which can mostly be associated as "opacity". AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel. The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph. The highlights are represented by the right third. And the midtones are, of course, in the middle. The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative . RGB Curves * Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens * Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens Color Curves * Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but * Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow. <pre> Red <-> Cyan Green <->Magenta Blue <->Yellow </pre> YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e. separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white. A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram. A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited. By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative . The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much Can be used to create a negative image but also With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow. With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan. e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green. YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other. using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping. ====Lunapaint==== Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail <pre> b BRUSH e ERASER alt eyedropper v layer tool z ZOOM / MAGNIFY < > n spc panning m marque q lasso w same color selection / region </pre> <pre> , LM RM v V f filter F . size p , pick color [] last / next color </pre> There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc. Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software. author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added. * add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del] * whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble * pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes. * Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint. * to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64. * implement graphic tablet features support **GENERAL DRAWING** Miss it very much: UNDO ERASER COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked. BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from "New project screen" Miss it somewhat: ICON for UNDO ICON for ERASER ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often ) BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush **ANIMATING** Miss it very much: NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush Miss it somewhat: ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day. LAYERS -Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames -Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?). EXPORTING IMAGES -Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --> My robot was blue now it's "gold" ) I think this only happens if you have layers. -Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them) -Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10 LOAD/SAVE (Preferences) -Make a setting for the default "Work" folder. * Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers * mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying) <pre> Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key [Technique] F1 - Paint F2 - Single Colour F3 - Replace F4 - Smear F5 - Shade F6 - Cycle F7 - Smooth M - Colour Cycle [Brush] B - Restore O - Outline h - Halve brush size H - Double brush size x - Flip brush on X axis X - Double brush size on X axis only y - Flip on Y Y - Double on Y z - Rotate brush 90 degrees Z - Stretch [Stencil] ` - Stencil On [Miscellaneous] F9 - Info Bar F10 - Selection Bar @o - Co-Ordinates @a - Anti-alias @r - Colourise @t - Translucent TAB - Colour Cycle [Picture] L - Load S - Save j - Page to Spare(Flip) J - Page to Spare(Copy) V - View Page Q - Quit [General Keys] m - Magnify < - Zoom In > - Zoom Out [ - Palette Colour Up ] - Palette Colour Down ( - Palette Colour Left ) - Palette Colour Right , - Eye Dropper . - Pixel / Brush Toggle / - Symmetry | - Co-Ordinates INS - Perspective Control +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control) w - Unfilled Polygon W - Filled Polygon e - Unfilled Ellipse E - Filled Ellipse r - Unfilled Rectangle R - Filled Rectangle t - Type/text tool a - Select Font u/U - Undo d - Brush D - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon f/F - Fill Options g/G - Grid h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control) K - Clear c - Unfilled Circle C - Filled Circle v - Line b - Scissor Select and Toggle B - Brush {,} - Toggle between two background colours </pre> ====Lodepaint==== Pixel based painting artwork app ====Grafx2==== Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59Y6OTzNrhk aesprite workflow keys and tablet use], [], ====Vector Graphics VectorCrafθ==== Undo Ctrl + Z Redo Shift + Ctrl + Z Cut Ctrl + X Copy Ctrl + C Paste Ctrl + V Paste in front Ctrl + F Paste at back Ctrl + B Paste in place Shift + Ctrl + V Paste on all artboards Alt + Shift + Ctrl + V Check spelling Ctrl + I Open Color Settings Shift + Ctrl + K Open Keyboard Shortcuts Alt + Shift + Ctrl + K Open Preferences Ctrl + K Tool Shortcut Selection V Direct Selection A Pen P Type T Rectangle M Ellipse L Paintbrush B Gradient G Eyedropper I Zoom Z v - gets you to regular mouse a - direct select tool p - pen tool (negative symbol) - subtract anchor point tool (positive symbol) - add anchor point tool Shift+c - anchor point altering tool i - eye dropper tool Space bar - grab hand for moving around the document Cntrl + space bar - zoom in Cmd + opt + space bar - zoom out Cntrl + 0 (zero) - view whole artboard Cntrl + Y - toggle between artwork and preview mode Cntrl + U - smart guides on/off ctrl/alt/shift P - Offset Path Shortcut Explanation ctrl + ] moves the selected object one closer to the top ctrl + shift + ] moves the selected object straight to top ctrl + [ moves the selected object one closer to the bottom ctrl + shift + [ moves the selected object straight to bottom ====Vector Graphics ZuneFIG==== Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps *Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping *Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide *Colour - fill stroke *Stroke - size *Brushes - *Layers - *Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows *Text - *Transform - AmiFIG ([http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/frm_introduction.html xfig manual]) [[File:MyScreen.png|thumb|left|alt=Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG.|All windows available to AmiFIG.]] for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent ;Menu options * Load - fig format but import(s) SVG * Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png * PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys * Deselect all points There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted. ;Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings ;Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s) * Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes, polygon * Lines - polylines * Text "T" button * Photos - bitmaps * Compound - Glue, Break, Scale * POINTs - Move, Add, Remove * Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s) * Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square ;Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives * Color * Line Width * Line Style * arrowheads ;Modes Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc. ;Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored * compound tools to add .fig(s) together ;FIG 3.2 [http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/fig-format.html Format] as produced by xfig version 3.2.5 <pre> Landscape Center Inches Letter 100.00 Single -2 1200 2 4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01 </pre> # change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right). # The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13. # The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default). # The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20. # The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees). # twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch. # thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before. * The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox. * The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence. ; Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation [[#top|...to the top]] ===Audio=== # AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem. # When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always). # For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording. ====Music Mods==== Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI. Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds. Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock. In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXXsZfwgil Protrekkr] (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr]) If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon *Sample *Note - Effect *Track (column) - Pattern - Order It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) The Note can be changed with an Effect. A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song. Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above). Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head. *Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast. *Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of "swing" feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line. *Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds. *Moody - minor key First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too. This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song. The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats. Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section. The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords. Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave. To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them. For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth. The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern "00", then pattern "02", then "03", then "01", etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song. The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song. The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D. Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern "03" at order "02" are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 "Kick". The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6. The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the "F" effect, which is a tempo command. The "04" means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster). Base pattern When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In "Wild Bunnies" the base pattern is pattern "03" at order "02". In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow. Drums Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The "F" command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of "swing" feel. In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation. In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The "8" command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix. Bass line There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more "live". The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key. Chords The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm. Lead Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention. A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The "461" effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes. Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 "Square"), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form. Song structure Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations. A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus. Other single sectional song structures are <pre> Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form ABAB Song Form ABAC Song Form ABCD Song Form AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 8-Bar Song Form 16-Bar Song Form Hybrid / Compound Song Forms </pre> The most common building blocks are: #INTRODUCTION(INTRO) #VERSE #REFRAIN #PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB #CHORUS #BRIDGE #MIDDLE EIGHT #SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK #COLLISION #CODA / OUTRO #AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO) The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember. The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus. Playing RCTRL: Play song from row 0. LSHIFT + RCTRL: Play song from current row. RALT: Play pattern from row 0. LSHIFT + RALT: Play pattern from current row. Left mouse on '>': Play song from row 0. Right mouse on '>': Play song from current row. Left mouse on '|>': Play pattern from row 0. Right mouse on '|>': Play pattern from current row. Left mouse on 'Edit/Record': Edit mode on/off. Right mouse on 'Edit/Record': Record mode on/off. Editing LSHIFT + ESCAPE: Switch large patterns view on/off TAB: Go to next track LSHIFT + TAB: Go to prev. track LCTRL + TAB: Go to next note in track LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB: Go to prev. note in track SPACE: Toggle Edit mode On & Off (Also stop if the song is being played) SHIFT SPACE: Toggle Record mode On & Off (Wait for a key note to be pressed or a midi in message to be received) DOWN ARROW: 1 Line down UP ARROW: 1 Line up LEFT ARROW: 1 Row left RIGHT ARROW: 1 Row right PREV. PAGE: 16 Arrows Up NEXT PAGE: 16 Arrows Down HOME / END: Top left / Bottom right of pattern LCTRL + HOME / END: First / last track F5, F6, F7, F8, F9: Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns + - (Numeric keypad): Next / Previous pattern LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous pattern LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous position LALT + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous instrument LSHIFT + M: Toggle mute state of the current channel LCTRL + LSHIFT + M: Solo the current track / Unmute all LSHIFT + F1 to F11: Select a tab/panel LCTRL + 1 to 4: Select a copy buffer Tracking 1st and 2nd keys rows: Upper octave row 3rd and 4th keys rows: Lower octave row RSHIFT: Insert a note off / and * (Numeric keypad) or F1 F2: -1 or +1 octave INSERT / BACKSPACE: Insert or Delete a line in current track or current selected block. LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE: Insert or Delete a line in current pattern DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE): Empty a column or a selected block. Blocks (Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel). LCTRL + A: Select entire current track LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern LALT + A: Select entire column note in a track LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track LCTRL + X: Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer LCTRL + C: Copy the selected block into the block-buffer LCTRL + V: Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern LCTRL + I: Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection LSHIFT + ARROWS PREV. PAGE NEXT PAGE: Select a block LCTRL + R: Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them) LCTRL + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher LCTRL + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher LCTRL + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + W: Save the current selection into a file Misc LALT + ENTER: Switch between full screen / windowed mode LALT + F4: Exit program (Windows only) LCTRL + S: Save current module LSHIFT + S: Switch top right panel to synths list LSHIFT + I: Switch top right panel to instruments list <pre> C-x xh xx xx hhhh Volume B-x xh xx xx hhhh Jump to A#x xh xx xx hhhh hhhh Slide F-x xh xx xx hhhh Tempo D-x xh xx xx hhhh Pattern Break G#x xh xx xx hhhh </pre> h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13 d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume. The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex. Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly. This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it... The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary. Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from. Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note. <pre> C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing --- 000 C-3 330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30. --- 300 - Continues the slide --- 300 - Continues the slide </pre> Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note. This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up. There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them. C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 02 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 05 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 08 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 0A C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 0D C-3 04 .. .. 09 10 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 10 (You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..) Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns. The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa. Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest. Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use. Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format. vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on) <pre> C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 <- Turn Arpeggio effect on --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 1B38 <- Change datas --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 1B00 <- Turn it off </pre> Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21. Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from. Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order. Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off. Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well. Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31. Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart. Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16. Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop. Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato. Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged. Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex). Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work. Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played! Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for. Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop "movement" is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000). effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine. It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel). so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings. for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top. In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself. For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud. The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation. <pre> Support for the following modules formats: 669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), FAR (Farandole Composer), GDM (General DigiMusic), IT (Impulse Tracker), IMF (Imago Orpheus), MOD (15 and 31 instruments), MED (OctaMED), MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), S3M (Scream Tracker 3), STM (Scream Tracker), STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), ULT (UltraTracker), UNI (MikMod), XM (FastTracker 2), Mid (midi format via timidity) </pre> Possible plugin options include [http://lv2plug.in/ LV2], ====Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface==== A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it). '''Timidity''' Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the [http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/ timidity.tar.gz (14MB)] into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/ assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity added to SYSːs/User-Startup '''WildMidi playback''' '''Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)''' *Sync Menu - CAMD Receive, Send checked *Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup MCB Master Control Bus *Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&P). *B&P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes *CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE *MIDI Machine Control *Midi Bar Display *Select CAMD MIDI in / out *Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely Channel - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, Subgroup - Volume, Mute, Solo Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward Misc - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up <pre> q - quit First 3 already opened when AE started F1 - timeline window F2 - mixer F3 - control F4 - subgroups F5 - aux returns F6 - sample list i - Load sample to use space - start/stop play b - reset time 0:00 s - split mode r - open recording window a - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume [ / ] - zoom in / out : - previous track * - next track x c v f - cut copy paste cross-fade g - snap grid </pre> '''[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars n Pipes sequencer]''' BarsnPipes debug ... in shell Menu (right mouse) *Song - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1 *Track - *Edit - *Tool - *Timing - SMTPE Synchronizing *Windows - *Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time) *Workflow -> Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro, *Control -> Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome, Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -> Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a new song you can load each time Right mouse menu -> Preferences -> Environment... -> ScreenMode - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC '''Tracks''' #Double-click on B&P's icon. B&P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&P. #Choose a track. The B&P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup. #Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record. #Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration. #Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel. #Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features. Videos to help understand [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6gVTX-9900 small intro], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4&t=3s Overview], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixOVutKsYQo Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnJLYPaZTs Import Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC3kkzPLkv4 Tempo Mapping], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd23kqMYPDs ptool Arpeggi-8], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJq-YxgwQg PlayMidi Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9Pu5P9TaU Amiga Midi], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4 Learning Amiga bars and Pipes], Groups like [https://groups.io/g/barsnpipes/topics this] could help '''Tracks window''' * blue "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group" and transport tape deck VCR-type controls * Flags * [http://theproblem.alco-rhythm.com/org/bp.html Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated] Each Track has a *Left LHS - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline *Middle - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap *Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times '''Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)''' After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc right mouse -> Toolbox menu option -> Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms [https://aminet.net/search?query=bars Bars & Pipes pattern format .ptrn] for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group '''Accessories (affect the whole app)''' Accessories -> Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support '''Song Construction''' <pre> F1 Pencil F2 Magic Wand F3 Hand F4 Duplicator F5 Eraser F6 Toolpad F7 Bounding box F8 Lock to A-B-A A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes, </pre> Bars&Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations '''Tempo Map''' F1 Pencil F2 Magic Wand F3 Hand F4 Eraser F5 Curve F6 Toolpad Compositions Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature '''Master Parameters''' Key, Scale/Mode '''Track Parameters''' Dynamics '''Time-line Scoring''' '''Media Madness''' '''Mix Maestro''' *ACCESSORIES Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules *CLIPBOARD Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks. *INFORMATION A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine. *MASTER PARAMETERS Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes. *MEDIA MADNESS A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc *METRONOME Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required. *MIX MAESTRO Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software *RECORD ACTIVATION Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation etc *SET FLAGS Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time *SONG CONSTRUCTION Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑n‑drop mouse selections *TEMPO MAP Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves *TEMPO PALETTE Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings. *TIMELINE SCORING Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance. *TOOLBOX Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available *TRACKS Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools. *TRANSPORT Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes. Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed. Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory. In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID "NAME" (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as "NAME". On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as "EMAN". The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA). If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically "note on", "note off", "program change", "controller change", or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music. * Channel - 1 to 16 - * Messages - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs, etc * Sequencing - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design, * Recording - * GUI - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys. Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards. Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations. Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -> PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors) Preferences -> Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF Prefs -> Environment -> screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file) Customization -> pics in gui drawer (folder) - Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi SMF is a “Standard Midi File” ([http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/classes/mumt306/StandardMIDIfileformat.html SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2]), [https://github.com/stump/libsmf libsmf], [https://github.com/markc/midicomp MIDIcomp], [https://github.com/MajicDesigns/MD_MIDIFile C++ src], [], [https://github.com/newdigate/midi-smf-reader Midi player], * SMF0 All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel. * SMF1 The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels. * SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels. Would it be possible to enrich Bars N’Pipes with software synth and sample support along with audio recording and mastering tools like in the named MAC or PC music sequencers? On the classic AMIGA-OS this is not possible because of missing CPU-power. The hardware of the classic AMIGA is not further developed. So we must say (unfortunately) that those dreams can’t become reality BarsnPipes is best used with external MIDI-equipment. This can be a keyboard or synthesizer with MIDI-connectors. <pre> MIDI can control 16 channels There are USB-MIDI-Interfaces on the market with 16 independent MIDI-lines (multi-port), which can handle 16 MIDI devices independently – 16×16 = 256 independent MIDI-channels or instruments handle up to 16 different USB-MIDI-Interfaces (multi-device). That is: 16X16X16 = 4096 independent MIDI-channels – theoretically </pre> <pre> Librarian MIDI SYStem EXplorer (sysex) - PatchEditor and used to be supplied as a separate program like PatchMeister but currently not at present It should support MIDI.library (PD), BlueRibbon.library (B&P), TriplePlayPlus, and CAMD.library (DeluxeMusic) and MIDI information from a device's user manual and configure a custom interface to access parameters for all MIDI products connected to the system Supports ALL MIDI events and the Patch/Librarian data is stored in MIDI standard format Annette M.Crowling, Missing Link Software, Inc. </pre> Composers <pre> [https://x.com/hirasawa/status/1403686519899054086 Susumu Hirasawa] </pre> <pre> 1988 Todor Fay and his wife Melissa Jordan Gray, who founded the Blue Ribbon Inc 1992 Bars&Pipes Pro published November 2000, Todor Fay announcement to release the sourcecode of Bars&Pipes Pro 2.5c beta end of May 2001, the source of the main program and the sources of some tools and accessories were in a complete and compileable state end of October 2009 stop further development of BarsnPipes New for now on all supported systems and made freeware 2013 Alfred Faust diagnosed with incureable illness, called „Myastenia gravis“ (weak muscles) </pre> Protrekkr How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ? First of all, midi in & out capabilities of this program are rather limited. # Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time). # Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected). # Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk. # Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported. Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row: <pre> C-3 02 .. .. 0000.... --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... << This will set the value --- .. .. .. 0000.... of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex) --- .. .. .. 0000.... </pre> So "--- .. .. 90 2040...." will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64). You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages. N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal! Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard. Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible. Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels. Further devices can respond to, and transmit, "breath controller" data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it. A controller keyboard may be capable of sending "expression pedal" data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message. Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The "voice" or "instrument" is selected using a "Program Change" message on its own. Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in "banks", and the choice of instrument is made by responding to "Bank Select MSB" (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use "Bank Select LSB" (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List. MIDI Implementation Chart But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart. If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are "compatible". In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart. The chart is divided into four columns headed "Function", "Transmitted" (or "Tx"), "Received" (or "Rx"), or more correctly "Recognised", and finally, "Remarks". <pre> The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described. The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device. The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to. The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns. </pre> There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra "Notes". Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI "modes" and what the "X" and the "O" mean. <pre> Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono. </pre> O means "yes" (implemented), X means "no" (not implemented). Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks "**************", these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise). Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail. Basic Channel But the very first set of boxes will tell us the "Basic Channel(s)" that the device sends or receives on. "Default" is what happens when the device is first turned on, "changed" is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels. On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be "split" with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel. So we might see the default as "1" but the changed as "1-16". Modes. We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes. But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device. If we send an "Omni On" message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, "Omni Off". So "Omni Off" (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel. "Poly" (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords. "Mono" (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a "smoother" transition. So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4). We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono). This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none. Finally, in the "Altered" field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode. Note Number <pre> The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127. The second line, "True Voice" has the following in the MIDI specification: "Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument." My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano. </pre> Velocity This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually "O" plus a range or "X" for not implemented. After touch This may have one or two lines two it. If a one liner the either "O" or "X", yes or no. If a two liner then it may include "Keys" or "Poly" and "Channel". This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither. Pitch Bend Again "O" for implemented, "X" for not implemented. (Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.) It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel. Control Change This is likely to be the largest section of the chart. It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using "O" or "X" respectively. You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation. Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers] Program Change Again "O" or "X" in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available. True # (number): "The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected." System Exclusive Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation. System Common - These include the following: <pre> MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation). Song Position Pointer Song Select Tune Request </pre> The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages. System Real Time These include the following: <pre> Timing Clock - often just written as "Clock" Start Stop Continue </pre> These three are usually just referred to as "Commands" and listed. Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to. <pre> Aux. Messages Again "O" or "X" for implemented or not. Aux. = Auxiliary. Active Sense = Active Sensing. </pre> Often with an explanation of the action of the device. Notes The "Notes" section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation. Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification. And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA. OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from "MIDI by the Numbers" by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete. WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information. MIDI 1.0 Specification Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->1000nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Note Off event. This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity. |- |<!--Status-->1001nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Note On event. This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity. |- |<!--Status-->1010nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it "bottoms out". (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value. |- |<!--Status-->1011nnnn || <!--Data-->0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Control Change. This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as "Channel Mode Messages" (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127). |- |<!--Status-->1100nnnn || <!--Data-->0ppppppp || <!--Description-->Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number. |- |<!--Status-->1101nnnn || <!--Data-->0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it "bottoms out". This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value. |- |<!--Status-->1110nnnn || <!--Data-->0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || <!--Description-->Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits. |} Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->1011nnnn || <!--Data-->0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Channel Mode Messages. This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are: *All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off *Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice. *Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On * All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.) c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off) |} System Common Messages System Messages (0xF0) The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category. The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories. System Common If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes. System Common Messages Type Status Byte Number of Data Bytes Usage <pre> Time Code Quarter Frame 0xF1 1 Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*. Song Position 0xF2 2 Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song. Song Select 0xF3 1 Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song. Undefined 0xF4 0 Undefined 0xF5 0 Tune Request 0xF6 0 Requests that the receiver retunes itself**. </pre> *MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification **While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command. System Exclusive If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates. System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format: 0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7 The message is bookended with distinct bytes. It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0. The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier. Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning. If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value. <pre> ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities. ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message. ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message. </pre> After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes. The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7. The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios. An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer. System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer. Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages. Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->11110000 || <!--Data-->0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii] 0ddddddd --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111 || <!--Description-->System Exclusive. This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.) |- |<!--Status-->11110001 || <!--Data-->0nnndddd || <!--Description-->MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame. nnn = Message Type dddd = Values |- |<!--Status-->11110010 || <!--Data-->0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || <!--Description-->Song Position Pointer. This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB. |- |<!--Status-->11110011 || <!--Data-->0sssssss || <!--Description-->Song Select. The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played. |- |<!--Status-->11110100 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11110101 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11110110 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators. |- |<!--Status-->11110111 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump. |} System Real-Time Messages {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->11111000 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required. |- |<!--Status-->11111001 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11111010 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks). |- |<!--Status-->11111011 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped. |- |<!--Status-->11111100 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Stop. Stop the current sequence. |- |<!--Status-->11111101 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11111110 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation. |- |<!--Status-->11111111 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up. |} Advanced Messages Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0) Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages. Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages. The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format: <pre> 0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp n is the status (0xA) c is the channel nybble kk is the key number (0 to 127) pp is the pressure value (0 to 127) </pre> Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all. Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format <pre> 0xnc, 0xpp n is the status (0xD) c is the channel number pp is the pressure value (0 to 127) </pre> Pitch Bend (0xE0) Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends. Pitch Bend Wheel The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format <pre> 0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM n is the status (0xE) c is the channel number LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value </pre> You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000). Control Change (0xB0) In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below. Continuous Controllers These controls send the following message format: <pre> 0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv n is the status (0xB) c is the MIDI channel cc is the controller number (0-127) vv is the controller value (0-127) </pre> Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments. The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers. On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard. Program Change (0xC0) Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command: <pre> 0xnc, 0xpp n is the status (0xc) c is the channel pp is the patch number (0-127) </pre> This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change. Audio & Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ? Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me: Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key) and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value that will make sound sync both audio/midi. The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ? You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the "wav" option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals. Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment ====DAW Audio Evolution 4==== Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ. Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware. Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88. sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extension). and 16bit WAV (pcm only) Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well. * Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom) stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use not AIFC which can have the same ending. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format sox recital.wav recital.aiff sox recital.wav −b 16 recital.aiff channels 1 rate 16k fade 3 norm sox input.wav output.aiff bass −b 16 rate 48k performs the same format translation, but also applies four effects (down-mix to one channel, sample rate change, fade-in, nomalize), and stores the result at a bit-depth of 16. rec −c 2 radio.aiff trim 0 30:00 records half an hour of stereo audio play existing-file.wav 24bit PCM WAV or AIFF do not work *No stream format handling. So no way to pass on an AC3 encoded stream unmodified to the digital outputs through AHI. *No master volume handling. Each application has to set its own volume. So each driver implements its own custom driver-mixer interface for handling master volumes, mute and preamps. *Only one output stream. So all input gets mixed into one output. *No automatic handling of output direction based on connected cables. *No monitor input selection. Only monitor volume control. select the correct input (Don't mistake enabled sound for the correct input.) The monitor will feedback audio to the lineout and hp out no matter if you have selected the correct input to the ADC. The monitor will provide sound for any valid input. This will result in free mixing when recording from the monitor input instead of mic/line because the monitor itself will provide the hardware mixing for you. Be aware that MIC inputs will give two channel mono. Only Linein will give real stereo. Now for the not working part. Attempt to record from linein in the AE4 record window, the right channel is noise and the left channel is distorted. Even with the recommended HIFI 16bit Stereo++ mode at 48kHz. Channels Monitor Gain Inout Output Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port * Options -> Soundcard In/Out * Options -> SampleRate * Options -> Preferences F6 for Sample File List Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track "not in time" ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway). If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it). AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording. These are the usual features found in DAWs... * Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer * virtual VST instruments and plug-ins * automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor * different track views * mixer and track layout (but not the same as below) * traditional two windows (track and mixer) Mixing - mixdown Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect. Take look at page17 of the manual. When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu. Menus->Windows-> Aux Returns Window or press F5 You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are "prefade" so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them. Tracking Effects - fade in To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out. To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal. There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal, You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so Sample -> Amplify -> Delay Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard. Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out. Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage. Signal Processing - Overdub [[#top|...to the top]] ===Office=== ====Spreadsheet Leu==== Support for some xlsx, and ods functions ====Spreadsheet Ignition==== ; Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done File formats supported * ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only). * igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas. There is '''no''' support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format Uniform Unified Office Format]) at the moment. * Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells. * copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -> Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions. * Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c) to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively * Edit -> Insert -> Row seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be... Change Sheet name by Object -> Sheet -> Properties Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click '''down arrow button''' to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a '''very''' small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to '''copy a formula''' to other cells. Object -> Cell -> Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that '''formatting can be done to all highlighted cells'''. View -> Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet). Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered. * #sheet-name to '''absolute''' reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used. ;Graphs use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents * value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ... ;Dates * Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD '''(maybe this needs to change)''' Set formatting Object -> Cell -> Properties and put date in days ;Time Set formatting Object -> Cell -> Properties and put time in seconds taken ;Database (to be done by someone else) type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium), * select a bunch of cells and Object -> Database -> Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?) * Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?) * Object -> Database -> Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ? Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition(). Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax(). Table sorting - ;Scripts (Arexx) ;Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas ''',''' replaced by semi-colons ''';''' to separate values within functions *SUM(), *AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(), *IF(), AND, OR, NOT *LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(), *LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(), * DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy), *TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()), *EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(), *NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(), *DBSUM() becomes DSUM(), ;Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel) *HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), [http://production-scheduling.com/excel-index-function-most-useful/ INDEX(), MATCH()], CHOOSE(), TEXT(), *TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &, PROPER(), REPT(), *[https://acingexcel.com/excel-sumproduct-function/ SUMPRODUCT()], ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(), *PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE, *MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(), *DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(), ;Excel Keyboard [http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/shortx2k.htm shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition] <pre> Ctrl Z - Undo Ctrl D - Fill Down Ctrl R - Fill right Ctrl F - Find Ctrl H - Replace Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number Ctrl ; - Todays Date F2 - Edit cell F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references </pre> ====Document Scanning - Scandal==== Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead. Check in Trident Prefs -> Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None) If not found then reboot the computer and recheck. Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device). The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx * gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx firmwares] in sys:s/gt68xx. * epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used '''Save''' the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes) Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections. Click on the '''Information''' tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected. Go next to the '''Scanner''' tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set '''dpi first'''. Make sure if Preview is set or not. In the '''Scan''' Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet. In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage. The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select "NONE" to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now. [[#top|...to the top]] ===Emulators=== ==== Amiberry ==== ==== Amiga Emu - Janus UAE ==== With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script: <pre> cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator changetaskpri -1 run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config >nil: cd sys:prefs endcli </pre> This stops Janus hogging all the CPU time. ===Miscellaneous=== ====Screensaver Blanker==== Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker. Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange >NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h). Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options <pre> seconds=number </pre> Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup e.g. for 5 minutes run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 >NIL: *[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&file=graphics/screenblanker/gblanker.i386-aros.zip Garshneblanker] can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor. *[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver. Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker. <pre> cx_priority= cx_popkey= ie CX_POPKEY="Shift F1" cx_popup=Yes or No </pre> <pre> Qualifier String Input Event Class ---------------- ----------------- "lshift" IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT "rshift" IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT "capslock" IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK "control" IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL "lalt" IEQUALIFIER_LALT "ralt" IEQUALIFIER_RALT "lcommand" IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND "rcommand" IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND "numericpad" IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD "repeat" IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT "midbutton" IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON "rbutton" IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON "leftbutton" IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON "relativemouse" IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE </pre> <pre> Synonym Synonym String Identifier ------- ---------- "shift" IXSYM_SHIFT /* look for either shift key */ "caps" IXSYM_CAPS /* look for either shift key or capslock */ "alt" IXSYM_ALT /* look for either alt key */ Highmap is one of the following strings: "space", "backspace", "tab", "enter", "return", "esc", "del", "up", "down", "right", "left", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "f5", "f6", "f7", "f8", "f9", "f10", "help". </pre> [[#top|...to the top]] ==== World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031) ==== WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama. Open sourced February 2022, World Construction Set [https://3dnature.com/downloads/legacy-software/ legally and for free] and [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/3DNature c source]. Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris "Xenon" Hanson" from Questar <pre> Assign "WCSProjects:" "Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSProjects" Assign "WCSFrames:" "Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSFrames" </pre> <pre> Load projects .proj by accessing pull down menu Project -> Open then click on CanyonSunset.proj OK to changing .par file and enlarge Status Log window to show what is happening Render by pull down menu Modules -> Render with End equal 1 not 300 then click bottom middle button Render </pre> [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQDmf1ZWG0 Youtube walkthrough of above], [], [], Also try working with the already built file ColoDemo - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:ColoDemo.proj Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included and Loading scene parameters from ColoDemo.par Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. Then drop-down menu and select Save As ("NewName".proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name) After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. It is a dock type shortcut of the first few functions of the drop-down menu *Database - Load (#?.proj), Append, Create, Edit, Save, Dir List (of WCSProject drawer), *Data Ops - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats *Map View - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to the Database Editor *Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc *Render - rendering terrain These are more in the pull down menu but not in the dock *Motion Editor *Color Editor *Ecosys Editor Simple minimal workflow *Load database (1st icon - 1st) *Set parameters and save .par file (4th icon) *Render scene (5th icon) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbTwwR2qcc4 Youtube], [], <pre> .proj new project name which creates a drawer of additional files .binary array, ascii array .xyz , z buffer, DTED .dt0, vista 1990s dem, iff conversion .Obj with .elev, .frd with .hdr maps, - digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of elevation data in various formats USGS 7.5MinDEM, .par </pre> Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the "Mapview" (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities: * Loading of a demonstration project. * The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the "Database-Editor" and the "Color-Editor". * The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing. The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the "Mapview" window is active. The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that "Color-Editor" and the "Data-Editor" comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the "Data-Editor" (creation of roads, railways, etc.) The Map View (MapView) window *Database - Objects and Topos *View - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move *Draw - Maps and distance *Object - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate *Motion - Camera, Focus, path, elevation *Windows - DEM designer, Cloud (.cld) and wave (.wve) editor, You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values ​​change, along with the height. Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above ZOOM button Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map. Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view. PAN button Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything. There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details. Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further... Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of ​​how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape. With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value. Ecosys Ecosystem Editor Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated). Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters. <pre> Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5 Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000 Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain </pre> Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water . Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water. Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor. Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All' EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model Color Editor Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first. Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations! So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50 <pre> 'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30 'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60 'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80 ' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30 <pre> Now we can work on pre-existing colors <pre> 'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130 'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170 'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190 'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200 'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170 </pre> Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0 So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep. Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously. Motion Editor Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics: <pre> -Camera Altitude: 7.0 -Camera Latitude: 36.075 -Camera Longitude: 112.133 -Focus Attitude: -2.0 -Focus Latitude: 36.275 -Focus Longitude: 112.386 -Camera : 512 → rendering window -Camera Y: 384 → rendering window -View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees -Sun Longitude: 172 -Sun Latitude: -0.9 -Haze Start: 3.8 -Haze Range: 78, 5 </pre> As soon as the values ​​shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear. Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude... Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one. From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain. While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision. Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel. The sun Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box. Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again. Animation The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions ("slide", "drag"...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window. A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...). At the bottom of the "Motion-Editor", a "cam-view" function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible. The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images ("path"), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer ("zbuffer"), the blur, the background image, etc. Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the "Render" button. For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program. Strengths: * Multi-window. * Quality of rendering. * Accuracy. * Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen. * Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats * The "zbuffer" function. Weaknesses: * No OpenGL management * Calculation time. * No network computing tool. ====Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan==== Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero) Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. ("Data/Audio Tracks" is on the right). You should use the "Data/Audio tracks" page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd. Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button Examples Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to "Tracks" page "ISO Builder" and "ADD" everything you need to burn. On the "Write" page i have "Masterize Disc (DAO)", "Close Disc" and "Eject after Write" set. One must not "Blank disc before write" if one uses a CDR AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to "Tracks" page and "Data/Audio Tracks" and add the .iso ====odf==== Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document. * content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content. * styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves. * meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action. * settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information. To read document follow these steps: * Extracting .ods file. * Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data). * Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file. * Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file). * With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables. * Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data. * At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface. To write document follow these steps: * Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template). * Getting content.xml file. * Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file. * Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file. * Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements. * Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file. * Zipping that file as new .ods file. XLS file format The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records. These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records. * Workbook stream **Globals substream ***BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts) **Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format) ***Blank cell record ***RK cell record 32-bit number. ***BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code) ***Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number) ***LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST) ***Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself) ***MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on) ***MulRK record ***Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook. ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), DB(), DDB(), DISC(), DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(), <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> {{BookCat}} m3lmrfqe50nh08bq03z78w3p6oigagd 4 241450 4680760 4389095 2026-11-07T20:37:16Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Moving from [[Category:Content-related policies]] to [[Category:Content-related policies and guidelines]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4680760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy|WB:NPOV}} ---- '''Note''': This policy does not apply to talk pages, [[Help:Glossary#user page|user pages]], project pages, MediaWiki pages, or any subpages thereof. ---- [[WB:WIW|Wikibooks]] has a strict '''neutral point of view''' (NPOV) policy. Wikibooks is best served by trying to present a fair, neutral description of the facts&mdash;among which are the facts that various interpretations and points of view exist (of course, there are limits to what POVs are considered worth mentioning, which can be an area of conflict). Wikibooks is not served by advancing or detracting particular points of view on any given subject. Consequently, books written from a ''neutral point of view'' represent differing views on a subject fairly within the book's scope (in other words, if the scope is mainstream views of physics, then competing mainstream views can and should be presented, but non-mainstream views are almost always irrelevant). "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations"; writing in NPOV style requires recognizing that even widely held or widely respected points of view are not necessarily all-encompassing. While NPOV is an ultimate goal in writing books, NPOV is difficult to achieve immediately as a single writer, and is thus sometimes regarded as an iterative process (as is [[w:wiki|wiki]] writing in general), by which opposing viewpoints compromise on language and presentation to produce a neutral description acceptable to all. This might be viewed as an [[w:adversarial system|adversarial system]], but hopefully a polite one. People are expected to approximate NPOV to the best of their ability and welcome improvements brought by others in good faith; a failure of the system can become an [[w:edit war|edit war]], in which two or more parties dig in and refuse to compromise, instead reverting each other's changes outright. == See also == * [[Wikibooks:NPOV dispute]] {{Wikibooks policies and guidelines}} [[Category:Content-related policies and guidelines]] [[da:Wikibooks:Skriv Wikibooks fra et neutralt synspunkt]] [[it:Wikibooks:Punto di vista neutrale]] [[ja:Wikibooks:中立的な観点]] [[pt:Wikibooks:Neutralidade]] lmddlicnccp1xcspagudn4mapfz7zjm 0 243374 4680855 4673811 2026-11-08T05:39:43Z ILYA125467 3627024 Shrunk down the Proto-Elamite block. 4680855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{Text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Kana Supplement''' |----- 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SA-7|&#x1b042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-8|&#x1b043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-1|&#x1b044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-2|&#x1b045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-3|&#x1b046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-4|&#x1b047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-5|&#x1b048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-6|&#x1b049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-1|&#x1b04a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-2|&#x1b04b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-3|&#x1b04c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-4|&#x1b04d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-5|&#x1b04e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-6|&#x1b04f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B05x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-7|&#x1b050;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-8|&#x1b051;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SE-1|&#x1b052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SE-2|&#x1b053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SE-3|&#x1b054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SE-4|&#x1b055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SE-5|&#x1b056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-1|&#x1b057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-2|&#x1b058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-3|&#x1b059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-4|&#x1b05a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-5|&#x1b05b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-6|&#x1b05c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-7|&#x1b05d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TA-1|&#x1b05e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TA-2|&#x1b05f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B06x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TA-3|&#x1b060;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TA-4|&#x1b061;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-1|&#x1b062;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-2|&#x1b063;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-3|&#x1b064;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-4|&#x1b065;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-5|&#x1b066;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-6|&#x1b067;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-7|&#x1b068;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TU-1|&#x1b069;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TU-2|&#x1b06a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TU-3|&#x1b06b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TU-4|&#x1b06c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TU-TO|&#x1b06d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-1|&#x1b06e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-2|&#x1b06f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B07x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-3|&#x1b070;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-4|&#x1b071;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-5|&#x1b072;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-6|&#x1b073;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-7|&#x1b074;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-8|&#x1b075;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-9|&#x1b076;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-1|&#x1b077;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-2|&#x1b078;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-3|&#x1b079;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-4|&#x1b07a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-5|&#x1b07b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-6|&#x1b07c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-RA|&#x1b07d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-1|&#x1b07e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-2|&#x1b07f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B08x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-3|&#x1b080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-4|&#x1b081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-5|&#x1b082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-6|&#x1b083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-7|&#x1b084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-8|&#x1b085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-9|&#x1b086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-1|&#x1b087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-2|&#x1b088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-3|&#x1b089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-4|&#x1b08a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-5|&#x1b08b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-6|&#x1b08c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-7|&#x1b08d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-TE|&#x1b08e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NU-1|&#x1b08f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B09x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NU-2|&#x1b090;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NU-3|&#x1b091;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-1|&#x1b092;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-2|&#x1b093;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-3|&#x1b094;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-4|&#x1b095;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-5|&#x1b096;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-6|&#x1b097;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-KO|&#x1b098;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NO-1|&#x1b099;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NO-2|&#x1b09a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NO-3|&#x1b09b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NO-4|&#x1b09c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER NO-5|&#x1b09d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-1|&#x1b09e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-2|&#x1b09f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B0Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-3|&#x1b0a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-4|&#x1b0a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-5|&#x1b0a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-6|&#x1b0a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-7|&#x1b0a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-8|&#x1b0a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-9|&#x1b0a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-10|&#x1b0a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-11|&#x1b0a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-1|&#x1b0a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-2|&#x1b0aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-3|&#x1b0ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-4|&#x1b0ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-5|&#x1b0ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-6|&#x1b0ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-7|&#x1b0af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B0Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HU-1|&#x1b0b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HU-2|&#x1b0b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HU-3|&#x1b0b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-1|&#x1b0b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-2|&#x1b0b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-3|&#x1b0b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-4|&#x1b0b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-5|&#x1b0b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-6|&#x1b0b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-7|&#x1b0b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-1|&#x1b0ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-2|&#x1b0bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-3|&#x1b0bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-4|&#x1b0bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-5|&#x1b0be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-6|&#x1b0bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B0Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-7|&#x1b0c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-8|&#x1b0c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-1|&#x1b0c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-2|&#x1b0c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-3|&#x1b0c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-4|&#x1b0c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-5|&#x1b0c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-6|&#x1b0c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-7|&#x1b0c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-1|&#x1b0c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-2|&#x1b0ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-3|&#x1b0cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-4|&#x1b0cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-5|&#x1b0cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-6|&#x1b0ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-7|&#x1b0cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B0Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MU-1|&#x1b0d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MU-2|&#x1b0d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MU-3|&#x1b0d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MU-4|&#x1b0d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER ME-1|&#x1b0d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER ME-2|&#x1b0d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER ME-MA|&#x1b0d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-1|&#x1b0d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-2|&#x1b0d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-3|&#x1b0d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-4|&#x1b0da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-5|&#x1b0db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-6|&#x1b0dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-1|&#x1b0dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-2|&#x1b0de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-3|&#x1b0df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B0Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-4|&#x1b0e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-5|&#x1b0e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-YO|&#x1b0e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER YU-1|&#x1b0e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER YU-2|&#x1b0e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER YU-3|&#x1b0e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER YU-4|&#x1b0e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-1|&#x1b0e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-2|&#x1b0e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-3|&#x1b0e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-4|&#x1b0ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-5|&#x1b0eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-6|&#x1b0ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RA-1|&#x1b0ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RA-2|&#x1b0ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RA-3|&#x1b0ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B0Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RA-4|&#x1b0f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-1|&#x1b0f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-2|&#x1b0f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-3|&#x1b0f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-4|&#x1b0f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-5|&#x1b0f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-6|&#x1b0f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-7|&#x1b0f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-1|&#x1b0f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-2|&#x1b0f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-3|&#x1b0fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-4|&#x1b0fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-5|&#x1b0fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-6|&#x1b0fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RE-1|&#x1b0fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RE-2|&#x1b0ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{Text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Kana Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B10x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RE-3|&#x1b100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RE-4|&#x1b101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-1|&#x1b102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-2|&#x1b103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-3|&#x1b104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-4|&#x1b105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-5|&#x1b106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-6|&#x1b107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WA-1|&#x1b108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WA-2|&#x1b109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WA-3|&#x1b10a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WA-4|&#x1b10b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WA-5|&#x1b10c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WI-1|&#x1b10d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WI-2|&#x1b10e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WI-3|&#x1b10f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B11x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WI-4|&#x1b110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WI-5|&#x1b111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WE-1|&#x1b112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WE-2|&#x1b113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WE-3|&#x1b114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WE-4|&#x1b115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-1|&#x1b116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-2|&#x1b117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-3|&#x1b118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-4|&#x1b119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-5|&#x1b11a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-6|&#x1b11b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-7|&#x1b11c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER N-MU-MO-1|&#x1b11d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HENTAIGANA LETTER N-MU-MO-2|&#x1b11e;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER ARCHAIC WU|&#x1b11f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B12x |style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER ARCHAIC YI|&#x1b120;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER ARCHAIC YE|&#x1b121;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER ARCHAIC WU|&#x1b122;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA DIGRAPH KOTO|&#x1b123;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA DIGRAPH TOKI|&#x1b124;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA DIGRAPH TOTE|&#x1b125;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA DIGRAPH YOKI|&#x1b126;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER ALTERNATE NE|&#x1b127;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER ALTERNATE WI|&#x1b128;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Small Kana Extension''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B13x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL KO|&#x1b132;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B14x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B15x |style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WI|&#x1b150;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WE|&#x1b151;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WO|&#x1b152;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL KO|&#x1b155;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B16x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL WI|&#x1b164;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL WE|&#x1b165;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL WO|&#x1b166;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL N|&#x1b167;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL ARCHAIC YE|&#x1b168;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Nushu''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B17x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B170|&#x1b170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B171|&#x1b171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B172|&#x1b172;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B173|&#x1b173;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B174|&#x1b174;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B175|&#x1b175;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B176|&#x1b176;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B177|&#x1b177;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B178|&#x1b178;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B179|&#x1b179;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B17A|&#x1b17a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B17B|&#x1b17b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B17C|&#x1b17c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B17D|&#x1b17d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B17E|&#x1b17e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B17F|&#x1b17f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B18x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B180|&#x1b180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B181|&#x1b181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B182|&#x1b182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B183|&#x1b183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B184|&#x1b184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B185|&#x1b185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B186|&#x1b186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B187|&#x1b187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B188|&#x1b188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B189|&#x1b189;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B18A|&#x1b18a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B18B|&#x1b18b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B18C|&#x1b18c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B18D|&#x1b18d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B18E|&#x1b18e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B18F|&#x1b18f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B19x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B190|&#x1b190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B191|&#x1b191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B192|&#x1b192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B193|&#x1b193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B194|&#x1b194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B195|&#x1b195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B196|&#x1b196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B197|&#x1b197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B198|&#x1b198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B199|&#x1b199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B19A|&#x1b19a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B19B|&#x1b19b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B19C|&#x1b19c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B19D|&#x1b19d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B19E|&#x1b19e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B19F|&#x1b19f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B1Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1A0|&#x1b1a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1A1|&#x1b1a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1A2|&#x1b1a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1A3|&#x1b1a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1A4|&#x1b1a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1A5|&#x1b1a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1A6|&#x1b1a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1A7|&#x1b1a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1A8|&#x1b1a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1A9|&#x1b1a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1AA|&#x1b1aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1AB|&#x1b1ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1AC|&#x1b1ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1AD|&#x1b1ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1AE|&#x1b1ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1AF|&#x1b1af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B1Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1B0|&#x1b1b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1B1|&#x1b1b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1B2|&#x1b1b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1B3|&#x1b1b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1B4|&#x1b1b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1B5|&#x1b1b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1B6|&#x1b1b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1B7|&#x1b1b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1B8|&#x1b1b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1B9|&#x1b1b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1BA|&#x1b1ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1BB|&#x1b1bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1BC|&#x1b1bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1BD|&#x1b1bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1BE|&#x1b1be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1BF|&#x1b1bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B1Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1C0|&#x1b1c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1C1|&#x1b1c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1C2|&#x1b1c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1C3|&#x1b1c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1C4|&#x1b1c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1C5|&#x1b1c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1C6|&#x1b1c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1C7|&#x1b1c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1C8|&#x1b1c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1C9|&#x1b1c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1CA|&#x1b1ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1CB|&#x1b1cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1CC|&#x1b1cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1CD|&#x1b1cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1CE|&#x1b1ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1CF|&#x1b1cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B1Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1D0|&#x1b1d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1D1|&#x1b1d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1D2|&#x1b1d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1D3|&#x1b1d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1D4|&#x1b1d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1D5|&#x1b1d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1D6|&#x1b1d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1D7|&#x1b1d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1D8|&#x1b1d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1D9|&#x1b1d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1DA|&#x1b1da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1DB|&#x1b1db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1DC|&#x1b1dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1DD|&#x1b1dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1DE|&#x1b1de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1DF|&#x1b1df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B1Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1E0|&#x1b1e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1E1|&#x1b1e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1E2|&#x1b1e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1E3|&#x1b1e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1E4|&#x1b1e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1E5|&#x1b1e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1E6|&#x1b1e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1E7|&#x1b1e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1E8|&#x1b1e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1E9|&#x1b1e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1EA|&#x1b1ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1EB|&#x1b1eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1EC|&#x1b1ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1ED|&#x1b1ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1EE|&#x1b1ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1EF|&#x1b1ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B1Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1F0|&#x1b1f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1F1|&#x1b1f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1F2|&#x1b1f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1F3|&#x1b1f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1F4|&#x1b1f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1F5|&#x1b1f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1F6|&#x1b1f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1F7|&#x1b1f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1F8|&#x1b1f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1F9|&#x1b1f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1FA|&#x1b1fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1FB|&#x1b1fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1FC|&#x1b1fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1FD|&#x1b1fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1FE|&#x1b1fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B1FF|&#x1b1ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B20x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B200|&#x1b200;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B201|&#x1b201;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B202|&#x1b202;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B203|&#x1b203;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B204|&#x1b204;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B205|&#x1b205;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B206|&#x1b206;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B207|&#x1b207;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B208|&#x1b208;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B209|&#x1b209;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B20A|&#x1b20a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B20B|&#x1b20b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B20C|&#x1b20c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B20D|&#x1b20d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B20E|&#x1b20e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B20F|&#x1b20f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B21x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B210|&#x1b210;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B211|&#x1b211;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B212|&#x1b212;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B213|&#x1b213;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B214|&#x1b214;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B215|&#x1b215;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B216|&#x1b216;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B217|&#x1b217;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B218|&#x1b218;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B219|&#x1b219;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B21A|&#x1b21a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B21B|&#x1b21b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B21C|&#x1b21c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B21D|&#x1b21d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B21E|&#x1b21e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B21F|&#x1b21f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B22x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B220|&#x1b220;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B221|&#x1b221;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B222|&#x1b222;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B223|&#x1b223;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B224|&#x1b224;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B225|&#x1b225;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B226|&#x1b226;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B227|&#x1b227;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B228|&#x1b228;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B229|&#x1b229;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B22A|&#x1b22a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B22B|&#x1b22b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B22C|&#x1b22c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B22D|&#x1b22d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B22E|&#x1b22e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B22F|&#x1b22f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B23x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B230|&#x1b230;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B231|&#x1b231;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B232|&#x1b232;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B233|&#x1b233;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B234|&#x1b234;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B235|&#x1b235;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B236|&#x1b236;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B237|&#x1b237;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B238|&#x1b238;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B239|&#x1b239;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B23A|&#x1b23a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B23B|&#x1b23b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B23C|&#x1b23c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B23D|&#x1b23d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B23E|&#x1b23e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B23F|&#x1b23f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B24x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B240|&#x1b240;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B241|&#x1b241;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B242|&#x1b242;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B243|&#x1b243;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B244|&#x1b244;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B245|&#x1b245;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B246|&#x1b246;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B247|&#x1b247;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B248|&#x1b248;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B249|&#x1b249;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU 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|{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B2F0|&#x1b2f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B2F1|&#x1b2f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B2F2|&#x1b2f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B2F3|&#x1b2f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B2F4|&#x1b2f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B2F5|&#x1b2f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B2F6|&#x1b2f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B2F7|&#x1b2f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B2F8|&#x1b2f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B2F9|&#x1b2f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B2FA|&#x1b2fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU CHARACTER-1B2FB|&#x1b2fb;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Shuishu Logograms''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B30x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B31x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B32x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B33x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B34x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B35x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B36x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B37x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B38x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B39x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B3Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B3Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B3Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B3Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B3Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B3Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B40x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B41x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B42x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B43x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B44x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B45x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B46x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B47x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B48x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B49x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B4Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B4Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B4Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B4Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B4Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B4Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B50x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B51x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B52x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B53x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B54x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B55x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B56x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B57x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B58x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B59x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B5Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B5Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B5Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B5Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B5Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B5Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Lisu Syllabic Script''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B60x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B61x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B62x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B63x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B64x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B65x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B66x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B67x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B68x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B69x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B6Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B6Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B6Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B6Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B6Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B6Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B70x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B71x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B72x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B73x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B74x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B75x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B76x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B77x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B78x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B79x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B7Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B7Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B7Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B7Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B7Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B7Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B80x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B81x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B82x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B83x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B84x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B85x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B86x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B87x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B88x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B89x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B8Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B8Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B8Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B8Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B8Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B8Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B90x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B91x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B92x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B93x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B94x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B95x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B96x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B97x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B98x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B99x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B9Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B9Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B9Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B9Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B9Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1B9Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Indus''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BA0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BA1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BA2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BA3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BA4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BA5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BA6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BA7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BA8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BA9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BAAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BABx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BACx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BADx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BAEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BAFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BB0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BB1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BB2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BB3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BB4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BB5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BB6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BB7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BB8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BB9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BBAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BBBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BBCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BBDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BBEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BBFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Duployan''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BC0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER H|&#x1bc00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER X|&#x1bc01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER P|&#x1bc02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER T|&#x1bc03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER F|&#x1bc04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER K|&#x1bc05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER L|&#x1bc06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER B|&#x1bc07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER D|&#x1bc08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER V|&#x1bc09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER G|&#x1bc0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER R|&#x1bc0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER P N|&#x1bc0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER D S|&#x1bc0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER F N|&#x1bc0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER K M|&#x1bc0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BC1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER R S|&#x1bc10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER TH|&#x1bc11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER SLOAN DH|&#x1bc12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER DH|&#x1bc13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER KK|&#x1bc14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER SLOAN J|&#x1bc15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER HL|&#x1bc16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER LH|&#x1bc17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER RH|&#x1bc18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER M|&#x1bc19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER N|&#x1bc1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER J|&#x1bc1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER S|&#x1bc1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER M N|&#x1bc1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER N M|&#x1bc1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER J M|&#x1bc1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BC2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER S J|&#x1bc20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER M WITH DOT|&#x1bc21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER N WITH DOT|&#x1bc22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER J WITH DOT|&#x1bc23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER J WITH DOTS INSIDE AND ABOVE|&#x1bc24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER S WITH DOT|&#x1bc25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1bc26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER M S|&#x1bc27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER N S|&#x1bc28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER J S|&#x1bc29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER S S|&#x1bc2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER M N S|&#x1bc2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER N M S|&#x1bc2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER J M S|&#x1bc2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER S J S|&#x1bc2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER J S WITH DOT|&#x1bc2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BC3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER J N|&#x1bc30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER J N S|&#x1bc31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER S T|&#x1bc32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER S T R|&#x1bc33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER S P|&#x1bc34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER S P R|&#x1bc35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER T S|&#x1bc36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER T R S|&#x1bc37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER W|&#x1bc38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER WH|&#x1bc39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER W R|&#x1bc3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER S N|&#x1bc3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER S M|&#x1bc3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER K R S|&#x1bc3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER G R S|&#x1bc3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER S K|&#x1bc3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BC4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER S K R|&#x1bc40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER A|&#x1bc41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER SLOAN OW|&#x1bc42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER OA|&#x1bc43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER O|&#x1bc44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER AOU|&#x1bc45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER I|&#x1bc46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER E|&#x1bc47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER IE|&#x1bc48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER SHORT I|&#x1bc49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER UI|&#x1bc4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER EE|&#x1bc4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER SLOAN EH|&#x1bc4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER ROMANIAN I|&#x1bc4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER SLOAN EE|&#x1bc4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER LONG I|&#x1bc4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BC5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER YE|&#x1bc50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER U|&#x1bc51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER EU|&#x1bc52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER XW|&#x1bc53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER U N|&#x1bc54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER LONG U|&#x1bc55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER ROMANIAN U|&#x1bc56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER UH|&#x1bc57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER SLOAN U|&#x1bc58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER OOH|&#x1bc59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER OW|&#x1bc5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER OU|&#x1bc5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER WA|&#x1bc5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER WO|&#x1bc5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER WI|&#x1bc5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER WEI|&#x1bc5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BC6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER WOW|&#x1bc60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER NASAL U|&#x1bc61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER NASAL O|&#x1bc62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER NASAL I|&#x1bc63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER NASAL A|&#x1bc64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER PERNIN AN|&#x1bc65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER PERNIN AM|&#x1bc66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER SLOAN EN|&#x1bc67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER SLOAN AN|&#x1bc68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER SLOAN ON|&#x1bc69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN LETTER VOCALIC M|&#x1bc6a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BC7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX LEFT HORIZONTAL SECANT|&#x1bc70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX MID HORIZONTAL SECANT|&#x1bc71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX RIGHT HORIZONTAL SECANT|&#x1bc72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX LOW VERTICAL SECANT|&#x1bc73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX MID VERTICAL SECANT|&#x1bc74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX HIGH VERTICAL SECANT|&#x1bc75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX ATTACHED SECANT|&#x1bc76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX ATTACHED LEFT-TO-RIGHT SECANT|&#x1bc77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX ATTACHED TANGENT|&#x1bc78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX ATTACHED TAIL|&#x1bc79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX ATTACHED E HOOK|&#x1bc7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX ATTACHED I HOOK|&#x1bc7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX ATTACHED TANGENT HOOK|&#x1bc7c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BC8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX HIGH ACUTE|&#x1bc80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX HIGH TIGHT ACUTE|&#x1bc81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX HIGH GRAVE|&#x1bc82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX HIGH LONG GRAVE|&#x1bc83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX HIGH DOT|&#x1bc84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX HIGH CIRCLE|&#x1bc85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX HIGH LINE|&#x1bc86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX HIGH WAVE|&#x1bc87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX HIGH VERTICAL|&#x1bc88;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BC9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX LOW ACUTE|&#x1bc90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX LOW TIGHT ACUTE|&#x1bc91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX LOW GRAVE|&#x1bc92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX LOW LONG GRAVE|&#x1bc93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX LOW DOT|&#x1bc94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX LOW CIRCLE|&#x1bc95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX LOW LINE|&#x1bc96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX LOW WAVE|&#x1bc97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX LOW VERTICAL|&#x1bc98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN AFFIX LOW ARROW|&#x1bc99;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN SIGN O WITH CROSS|&#x1bc9c;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN THICK LETTER SELECTOR|[DT LS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN DOUBLE MARK|&#x1bc9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DUPLOYAN PUNCTUATION CHINOOK FULL STOP|&#x1bc9f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Shorthand Format Controls''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BCAx |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORTHAND FORMAT LETTER OVERLAP|[⇸]}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORTHAND FORMAT CONTINUING OVERLAP|[↳]}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORTHAND FORMAT DOWN STEP|[↓]}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORTHAND FORMAT UP STEP|[↑]}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Pitman Shorthand''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BCBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BCCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BCDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BCEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BCFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BD0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BD1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BD2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BD3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BD4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BD5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BD6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BD7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BD8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BD9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BDAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BDBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BDCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BDDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BDEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BDFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Proto-Elamite''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BE0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BE1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BE2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BE3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BE4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BE5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BE6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BE7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BE8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BE9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BEAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BEBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BECx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BEDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BEEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BEFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BF0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BF1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BF2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BF3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BF4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BF5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BF6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BF7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BF8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BF9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BFAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BFBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BFCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BFDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BFEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1BFFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} 9hd3z5opovs47v6qd7muxs1wby98s0y 0 243376 4680852 4680634 2026-11-08T05:29:53Z ILYA125467 3627024 Slightly changed 4680852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Wei Rma''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1600x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1601x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1602x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1603x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1604x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Wagindara''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1605x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1606x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1607x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1608x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1609x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|160Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|160Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|160Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|160Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|160Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|160Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Gurung Khema''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1610x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER A|&#x16100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER KA|&#x16101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER KHA|&#x16102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER GA|&#x16103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER GHA|&#x16104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER NGA|&#x16105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER CA|&#x16106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER CHA|&#x16107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER JA|&#x16108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER JHA|&#x16109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER HA|&#x1610a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER TTA|&#x1610b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER TTHA|&#x1610c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER DDA|&#x1610d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER DDHA|&#x1610e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER VA|&#x1610f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1611x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER TA|&#x16110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER THA|&#x16111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER DA|&#x16112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER DHA|&#x16113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER NA|&#x16114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER PA|&#x16115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER PHA|&#x16116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER BA|&#x16117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER BHA|&#x16118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER MA|&#x16119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER YA|&#x1611a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER RA|&#x1611b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER LA|&#x1611c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER SA|&#x1611d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x1611e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1611f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1612x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN II|&#x16120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN U|&#x16121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x16122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN E|&#x16123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN EE|&#x16124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x16125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN O|&#x16126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN OO|&#x16127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x16128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL LENGTH MARK|&#x16129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL YA|&#x1612a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL VA|&#x1612b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL HA|&#x1612c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x1612d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL RA|&#x1612e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA SIGN THOLHOMA|&#x1612f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1613x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT ZERO|&#x16130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT ONE|&#x16131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT TWO|&#x16132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT THREE|&#x16133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT FOUR|&#x16134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT FIVE|&#x16135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT SIX|&#x16136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT SEVEN|&#x16137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT EIGHT|&#x16138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT NINE|&#x16139;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Kurukh Banna''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1614x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1615x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1616x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1617x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1618x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1619x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Moon''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|161Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|161Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|161Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|161Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|161Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|161Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Blissymbols''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1620x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1621x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1622x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1623x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1624x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1625x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1626x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1627x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1628x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1629x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|162Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|162Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|162Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|162Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|162Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|162Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1630x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1631x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1632x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1633x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1634x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1635x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1636x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1637x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1638x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1639x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|163Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|163Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|163Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|163Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|163Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|163Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1640x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1641x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1642x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1643x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1644x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1645x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1646x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1647x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1648x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1649x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|164Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|164Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|164Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|164Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|164Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|164Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1650x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1651x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1652x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1653x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1654x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1655x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1656x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1657x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1658x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1659x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|165Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|165Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|165Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|165Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|165Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|165Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1660x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1661x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1662x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1663x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1664x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1665x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1666x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1667x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1668x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1669x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|166Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|166Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|166Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|166Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|166Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|166Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1670x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1671x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1672x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1673x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1674x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1675x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1676x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1677x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1678x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1679x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|167Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|167Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|167Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|167Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|167Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|167Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Bamum Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1680x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NGKUE MFON|&#x16800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A GBIEE FON|&#x16801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PON MFON PIPAEMGBIEE|&#x16802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PON MFON PIPAEMBA|&#x16803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NAA MFON|&#x16804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SHUENSHUET|&#x16805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A TITA MFON|&#x16806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NZA MFON|&#x16807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SHINDA PA NJI|&#x16808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PON PA NJI PIPAEMGBIEE|&#x16809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PON PA NJI PIPAEMBA|&#x1680a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAEMBGBIEE|&#x1680b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A TU MAEMBA|&#x1680c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NGANGU|&#x1680d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAEMVEUX|&#x1680e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MANSUAE|&#x1680f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1681x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MVEUAENGAM|&#x16810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SEUNYAM|&#x16811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NTOQPEN|&#x16812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KEUKEUTNDA|&#x16813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NKINDI|&#x16814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SUU|&#x16815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NGKUENZEUM|&#x16816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A LAPAQ|&#x16817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A LET KUT|&#x16818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NTAP MFAA|&#x16819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAEKEUP|&#x1681a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PASHAE|&#x1681b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A GHEUAERAE|&#x1681c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PAMSHAE|&#x1681d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MON NGGEUAET|&#x1681e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NZUN MEUT|&#x1681f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1682x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A U YUQ NAE|&#x16820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A GHEUAEGHEUAE|&#x16821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NTAP NTAA|&#x16822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SISA|&#x16823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MGBASA|&#x16824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MEUNJOMNDEUQ|&#x16825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MOOMPUQ|&#x16826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KAFA|&#x16827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PA LEERAEWA|&#x16828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NDA LEERAEWA|&#x16829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PET|&#x1682a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAEMKPEN|&#x1682b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NIKA|&#x1682c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PUP|&#x1682d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A TUAEP|&#x1682e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A LUAEP|&#x1682f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1683x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SONJAM|&#x16830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A TEUTEUWEN|&#x16831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAENYI|&#x16832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KET|&#x16833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NDAANGGEUAET|&#x16834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KUOQ|&#x16835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MOOMEUT|&#x16836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SHUM|&#x16837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A LOMMAE|&#x16838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A FIRI|&#x16839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A ROM|&#x1683a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KPOQ|&#x1683b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SOQ|&#x1683c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAP PIEET|&#x1683d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SHIRAE|&#x1683e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NTAP|&#x1683f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1684x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SHOQ NSHUT YUM|&#x16840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NYIT MONGKEUAEQ|&#x16841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PAARAE|&#x16842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NKAARAE|&#x16843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A UNKNOWN|&#x16844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NGGEN|&#x16845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAESI|&#x16846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NJAM|&#x16847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MBANYI|&#x16848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NYET|&#x16849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A TEUAEN|&#x1684a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SOT|&#x1684b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PAAM|&#x1684c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NSHIEE|&#x1684d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAEM|&#x1684e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NYI|&#x1684f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1685x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KAQ|&#x16850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NSHA|&#x16851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A VEE|&#x16852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A LU|&#x16853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NEN|&#x16854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NAQ|&#x16855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MBAQ|&#x16856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NSHUET|&#x16857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B TU MAEMGBIEE|&#x16858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SIEE|&#x16859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SET TU|&#x1685a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B LOM NTEUM|&#x1685b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MBA MAELEE|&#x1685c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KIEEM|&#x1685d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B YEURAE|&#x1685e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MBAARAE|&#x1685f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1686x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KAM|&#x16860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B PEESHI|&#x16861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B YAFU LEERAEWA|&#x16862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B LAM NSHUT NYAM|&#x16863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NTIEE SHEUOQ|&#x16864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NDU NJAA|&#x16865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B GHEUGHEUAEM|&#x16866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B PIT|&#x16867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B TU NSIEE|&#x16868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SHET NJAQ|&#x16869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SHEUAEQTU|&#x1686a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MFON TEUAEQ|&#x1686b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MBIT MBAAKET|&#x1686c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NYI NTEUM|&#x1686d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KEUPUQ|&#x1686e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B GHEUGHEN|&#x1686f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1687x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KEUYEUX|&#x16870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B LAANAE|&#x16871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B PARUM|&#x16872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B VEUM|&#x16873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGKINDI MVOP|&#x16874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGGEU MBU|&#x16875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B WUAET|&#x16876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SAKEUAE|&#x16877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B TAAM|&#x16878;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MEUQ|&#x16879;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGGUOQ|&#x1687a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGGUOQ LARGE|&#x1687b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MFIYAQ|&#x1687c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SUE|&#x1687d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MBEURI|&#x1687e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MONTIEEN|&#x1687f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1688x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NYAEMAE|&#x16880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B PUNGAAM|&#x16881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MEUT NGGEET|&#x16882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B FEUX|&#x16883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MBUOQ|&#x16884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B FEE|&#x16885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KEUAEM|&#x16886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MA NJEUAENA|&#x16887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MA NJUQA|&#x16888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B LET|&#x16889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGGAAM|&#x1688a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NSEN|&#x1688b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MA|&#x1688c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KIQ|&#x1688d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGOM|&#x1688e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGKUE MAEMBA|&#x1688f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1689x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NZA|&#x16890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C YUM|&#x16891;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C WANGKUOQ|&#x16892;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGEN|&#x16893;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDEUAEREE|&#x16894;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGKAQ|&#x16895;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C GHARAE|&#x16896;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBEEKEET|&#x16897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C GBAYI|&#x16898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NYIR MKPARAQ MEUN|&#x16899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NTU MBIT|&#x1689a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBEUM|&#x1689b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C PIRIEEN|&#x1689c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDOMBU|&#x1689d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBAA CABBAGE-TREE|&#x1689e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEUSHEUAEP|&#x1689f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|168Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C GHAP|&#x168a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEUKAQ|&#x168a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C YU MUOMAE|&#x168a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NZEUM|&#x168a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBUE|&#x168a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSEUAEN|&#x168a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBIT|&#x168a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C YEUQ|&#x168a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KPARAQ|&#x168a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KAA|&#x168a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C SEUX|&#x168aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDIDA|&#x168ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C TAASHAE|&#x168ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NJUEQ|&#x168ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C TITA YUE|&#x168ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C SUAET|&#x168af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|168Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGUAEN NYAM|&#x168b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C VEUX|&#x168b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NANSANAQ|&#x168b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MA KEUAERI|&#x168b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NTAA|&#x168b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGUON|&#x168b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C LAP|&#x168b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBIRIEEN|&#x168b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MGBASAQ|&#x168b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NTEUNGBA|&#x168b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C TEUTEUX|&#x168ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGUM|&#x168bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C FUE|&#x168bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDEUT|&#x168bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSA|&#x168be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSHAQ|&#x168bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|168Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C BUNG|&#x168c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C VEUAEPEN|&#x168c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBERAE|&#x168c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C RU|&#x168c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NJAEM|&#x168c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C LAM|&#x168c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C TITUAEP|&#x168c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSUOT NGOM|&#x168c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NJEEEE|&#x168c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KET|&#x168c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGU|&#x168ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MAESI|&#x168cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBUAEM|&#x168cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C LU|&#x168cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KUT|&#x168ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NJAM|&#x168cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|168Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGOM|&#x168d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C WUP|&#x168d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGUEET|&#x168d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSOM|&#x168d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NTEN|&#x168d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KUOP NKAARAE|&#x168d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSUN|&#x168d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDAM|&#x168d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MA NSIEE|&#x168d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C YAA|&#x168d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDAP|&#x168da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C SHUEQ|&#x168db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C SETFON|&#x168dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBI|&#x168dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MAEMBA|&#x168de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBANYI|&#x168df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|168Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEUSEUX|&#x168e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBEUX|&#x168e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEUM|&#x168e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBAA PICKET|&#x168e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C YUWOQ|&#x168e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NJEUX|&#x168e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MIEE|&#x168e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MUAE|&#x168e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C SHIQ|&#x168e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEN LAW|&#x168e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEN FATIGUE|&#x168ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGAQ|&#x168eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NAQ|&#x168ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C LIQ|&#x168ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C PIN|&#x168ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C PEN|&#x168ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|168Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C TET|&#x168f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MBUO|&#x168f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D WAP|&#x168f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJI|&#x168f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MFON|&#x168f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJIEE|&#x168f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LIEE|&#x168f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJEUT|&#x168f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NSHEE|&#x168f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGAAMAE|&#x168f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NYAM|&#x168fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D WUAEN|&#x168fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKUN|&#x168fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHEE|&#x168fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKAP|&#x168fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KEUAETMEUN|&#x168ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1690x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TEUT|&#x16900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHEUAE|&#x16901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJAP|&#x16902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SUE|&#x16903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KET|&#x16904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D YAEMMAE|&#x16905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KUOM|&#x16906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SAP|&#x16907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MFEUT|&#x16908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NDEUX|&#x16909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MALEERI|&#x1690a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MEUT|&#x1690b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SEUAEQ|&#x1690c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D YEN|&#x1690d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJEUAEM|&#x1690e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KEUOT MBUAE|&#x1690f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1691x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKEURI|&#x16910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TU|&#x16911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D GHAA|&#x16912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKYEE|&#x16913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D FEUFEUAET|&#x16914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NDEE|&#x16915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MGBOFUM|&#x16916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LEUAEP|&#x16917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NDON|&#x16918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MONI|&#x16919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MGBEUN|&#x1691a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PUUT|&#x1691b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MGBIEE|&#x1691c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MFO|&#x1691d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LUM|&#x1691e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NSIEEP|&#x1691f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1692x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MBAA|&#x16920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KWAET|&#x16921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NYET|&#x16922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TEUAEN|&#x16923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SOT|&#x16924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D YUWOQ|&#x16925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KEUM|&#x16926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D RAEM|&#x16927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TEEEE|&#x16928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKEUAEQ|&#x16929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MFEUAE|&#x1692a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NSIEET|&#x1692b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KEUP|&#x1692c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PIP|&#x1692d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PEUTAE|&#x1692e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NYUE|&#x1692f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1693x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LET|&#x16930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGAAM|&#x16931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MFIEE|&#x16932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGWAEN|&#x16933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D YUOM|&#x16934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PAP|&#x16935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D YUOP|&#x16936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NDAM|&#x16937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NTEUM|&#x16938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SUAE|&#x16939;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KUN|&#x1693a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGEUX|&#x1693b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKIEE|&#x1693c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TUOT|&#x1693d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MEUN|&#x1693e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KUQ|&#x1693f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1694x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NSUM|&#x16940;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TEUN|&#x16941;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MAENJET|&#x16942;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGAP|&#x16943;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LEUM|&#x16944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGUOM|&#x16945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NSHUT|&#x16946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJUEQ|&#x16947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D GHEUAE|&#x16948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KU|&#x16949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D REN OLD|&#x1694a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TAE|&#x1694b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TOQ|&#x1694c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NYI|&#x1694d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D RII|&#x1694e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LEEEE|&#x1694f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1695x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MEEEE|&#x16950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D M|&#x16951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SUU|&#x16952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MU|&#x16953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHII|&#x16954;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHEUX|&#x16955;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KYEE|&#x16956;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NU|&#x16957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHU|&#x16958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NTEE|&#x16959;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PEE|&#x1695a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NI|&#x1695b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHOQ|&#x1695c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PUQ|&#x1695d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MVOP|&#x1695e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LOQ|&#x1695f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1696x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D REN MUCH|&#x16960;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TI|&#x16961;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NTUU|&#x16962;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MBAA SEVEN|&#x16963;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SAQ|&#x16964;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D FAA|&#x16965;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDAP|&#x16966;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TOON|&#x16967;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MBEUM|&#x16968;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LAP|&#x16969;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E VOM|&#x1696a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LOON|&#x1696b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PAA|&#x1696c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SOM|&#x1696d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E RAQ|&#x1696e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NSHUOP|&#x1696f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1697x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDUN|&#x16970;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PUAE|&#x16971;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TAM|&#x16972;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKA|&#x16973;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KPEUX|&#x16974;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E WUO|&#x16975;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SEE|&#x16976;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGEUAET|&#x16977;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PAAM|&#x16978;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TOO|&#x16979;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KUOP|&#x1697a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LOM|&#x1697b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NSHIEE|&#x1697c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGOP|&#x1697d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MAEM|&#x1697e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKEUX|&#x1697f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1698x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGOQ|&#x16980;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NSHUE|&#x16981;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E RIMGBA|&#x16982;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NJEUX|&#x16983;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PEEM|&#x16984;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SAA|&#x16985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGURAE|&#x16986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MGBA|&#x16987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHEUX|&#x16988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKEUAEM|&#x16989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NJAEMLI|&#x1698a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MAP|&#x1698b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LOOT|&#x1698c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGEEEE|&#x1698d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDIQ|&#x1698e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TAEN NTEUM|&#x1698f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1699x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SET|&#x16990;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PUM|&#x16991;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDAA SOFTNESS|&#x16992;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGUAESHAE NYAM|&#x16993;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YIEE|&#x16994;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHEUN|&#x16995;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TUAE|&#x16996;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YEUAE|&#x16997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PO|&#x16998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TUMAE|&#x16999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KEUAE|&#x1699a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SUAEN|&#x1699b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TEUAEQ|&#x1699c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E VEUAE|&#x1699d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E WEUX|&#x1699e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LAAM|&#x1699f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|169Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PU|&#x169a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TAAQ|&#x169a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHAAMAE|&#x169a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGEUREUT|&#x169a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SHEUAEQ|&#x169a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MGBEN|&#x169a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MBEE|&#x169a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NZAQ|&#x169a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NKOM|&#x169a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GBET|&#x169a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TUM|&#x169aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KUET|&#x169ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YAP|&#x169ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NYI CLEAVER|&#x169ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YIT|&#x169ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MFEUQ|&#x169af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|169Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDIAQ|&#x169b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PIEEQ|&#x169b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YUEQ|&#x169b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LEUAEM|&#x169b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FUE|&#x169b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GBEUX|&#x169b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKUP|&#x169b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KET|&#x169b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MAE|&#x169b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKAAMI|&#x169b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHET|&#x169ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FA|&#x169bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NTUM|&#x169bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PEUT|&#x169bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YEUM|&#x169be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGEUAE|&#x169bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|169Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NYI BETWEEN|&#x169c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NZUQ|&#x169c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E POON|&#x169c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MIEE|&#x169c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FUET|&#x169c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NAE|&#x169c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MUAE|&#x169c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHEUAE|&#x169c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FU I|&#x169c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MVI|&#x169c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PUAQ|&#x169ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKUM|&#x169cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KUT|&#x169cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PIET|&#x169cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NTAP|&#x169ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YEUAET|&#x169cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|169Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGUP|&#x169d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PA PEOPLE|&#x169d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FU CALL|&#x169d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FOM|&#x169d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NJEE|&#x169d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E A|&#x169d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TOQ|&#x169d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E O|&#x169d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E I|&#x169d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LAQ|&#x169d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PA PLURAL|&#x169da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TAA|&#x169db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TAQ|&#x169dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDAA MY HOUSE|&#x169dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SHIQ|&#x169de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YEUX|&#x169df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|169Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGUAE|&#x169e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YUAEN|&#x169e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YOQ SWIMMING|&#x169e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YOQ COVER|&#x169e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YUQ|&#x169e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YUN|&#x169e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KEUX|&#x169e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PEUX|&#x169e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NJEE EPOCH|&#x169e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PUE|&#x169e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E WUE|&#x169ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FEE|&#x169eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E VEE|&#x169ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LU|&#x169ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MI|&#x169ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E REUX|&#x169ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|169Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E RAE|&#x169f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGUAET|&#x169f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGA|&#x169f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SHO|&#x169f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SHOQ|&#x169f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FU REMEDY|&#x169f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NA|&#x169f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PI|&#x169f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LOQ|&#x169f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KO|&#x169f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MEN|&#x169fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MA|&#x169fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MAQ|&#x169fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TEU|&#x169fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KI|&#x169fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MON|&#x169ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16A0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TEN|&#x16a00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FAQ|&#x16a01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHOM|&#x16a02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KA|&#x16a03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F U|&#x16a04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KU|&#x16a05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F EE|&#x16a06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F REE|&#x16a07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F TAE|&#x16a08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NYI|&#x16a09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F LA|&#x16a0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F RII|&#x16a0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F RIEE|&#x16a0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F MEEEE|&#x16a0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F TAA|&#x16a0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NDAA|&#x16a0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16A1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NJAEM|&#x16a10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F M|&#x16a11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SUU|&#x16a12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SHII|&#x16a13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SI|&#x16a14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SEUX|&#x16a15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KYEE|&#x16a16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KET|&#x16a17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NUAE|&#x16a18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NU|&#x16a19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NJUAE|&#x16a1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F YOQ|&#x16a1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SHU|&#x16a1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F YA|&#x16a1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NSHA|&#x16a1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F PEUX|&#x16a1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16A2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NTEE|&#x16a20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F WUE|&#x16a21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F PEE|&#x16a22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F RU|&#x16a23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NI|&#x16a24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F REUX|&#x16a25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KEN|&#x16a26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NGKWAEN|&#x16a27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NGGA|&#x16a28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SHO|&#x16a29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F PUAE|&#x16a2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F FOM|&#x16a2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F WA|&#x16a2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F LI|&#x16a2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F LOQ|&#x16a2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KO|&#x16a2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16A3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F MBEN|&#x16a30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F REN|&#x16a31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F MA|&#x16a32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F MO|&#x16a33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F MBAA|&#x16a34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F TET|&#x16a35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KPA|&#x16a36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SAMBA|&#x16a37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F VUEQ|&#x16a38;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Mro''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16A4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER TA|&#x16a40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER NGI|&#x16a41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER YO|&#x16a42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER MIM|&#x16a43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER BA|&#x16a44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER DA|&#x16a45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER A|&#x16a46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER PHI|&#x16a47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER KHAI|&#x16a48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER HAO|&#x16a49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER DAI|&#x16a4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER CHU|&#x16a4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER KEAAE|&#x16a4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER OL|&#x16a4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER MAEM|&#x16a4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER NIN|&#x16a4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16A5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER PA|&#x16a50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER OO|&#x16a51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER O|&#x16a52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER RO|&#x16a53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER SHI|&#x16a54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER THEA|&#x16a55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER EA|&#x16a56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER WA|&#x16a57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER E|&#x16a58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER KO|&#x16a59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER LAN|&#x16a5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER LA|&#x16a5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER HAI|&#x16a5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER RI|&#x16a5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER TEK|&#x16a5e;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16A6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT ZERO|&#x16a60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT ONE|&#x16a61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT TWO|&#x16a62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT THREE|&#x16a63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT FOUR|&#x16a64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT FIVE|&#x16a65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT SIX|&#x16a66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT SEVEN|&#x16a67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT EIGHT|&#x16a68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT NINE|&#x16a69;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DANDA|&#x16a6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DOUBLE DANDA|&#x16a6f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tangsa''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16A7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER OZ|&#x16a70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER OC|&#x16a71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER OQ|&#x16a72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER OX|&#x16a73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AZ|&#x16a74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AC|&#x16a75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AQ|&#x16a76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AX|&#x16a77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER VZ|&#x16a78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER VC|&#x16a79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER VQ|&#x16a7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER VX|&#x16a7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER EZ|&#x16a7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER EC|&#x16a7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER EQ|&#x16a7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER EX|&#x16a7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16A8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER IZ|&#x16a80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER IC|&#x16a81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER IQ|&#x16a82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER IX|&#x16a83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UZ|&#x16a84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UC|&#x16a85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UQ|&#x16a86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UX|&#x16a87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AWZ|&#x16a88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AWC|&#x16a89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AWQ|&#x16a8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AWX|&#x16a8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIZ|&#x16a8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIC|&#x16a8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIQ|&#x16a8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIX|&#x16a8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16A9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER FINAL NG|&#x16a90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER LONG UEX|&#x16a91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER SHORT UEZ|&#x16a92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER SHORT AWX|&#x16a93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UEZ|&#x16a94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UEC|&#x16a95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UEQ|&#x16a96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UEX|&#x16a97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIUZ|&#x16a98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIUC|&#x16a99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIUQ|&#x16a9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIUX|&#x16a9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER MZ|&#x16a9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER MC|&#x16a9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER MQ|&#x16a9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER MX|&#x16a9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16AAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER KA|&#x16aa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER KHA|&#x16aa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER GA|&#x16aa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER NGA|&#x16aa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER SA|&#x16aa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER YA|&#x16aa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER WA|&#x16aa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER PA|&#x16aa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER NYA|&#x16aa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER PHA|&#x16aa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER BA|&#x16aaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER MA|&#x16aab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER NA|&#x16aac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER HA|&#x16aad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER LA|&#x16aae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER HTA|&#x16aaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16ABx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER TA|&#x16ab0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER DA|&#x16ab1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER RA|&#x16ab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER NHA|&#x16ab3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER SHA|&#x16ab4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER CA|&#x16ab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER TSA|&#x16ab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER GHA|&#x16ab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER HTTA|&#x16ab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER THA|&#x16ab9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER XA|&#x16aba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER FA|&#x16abb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER DHA|&#x16abc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER CHA|&#x16abd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER ZA|&#x16abe;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16ACx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT ZERO|&#x16ac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT ONE|&#x16ac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT TWO|&#x16ac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT THREE|&#x16ac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT FOUR|&#x16ac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT FIVE|&#x16ac5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT SIX|&#x16ac6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT SEVEN|&#x16ac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT EIGHT|&#x16ac8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT NINE|&#x16ac9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Bassa Vah''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16ADx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER ENNI|&#x16ad0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER KA|&#x16ad1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER SE|&#x16ad2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER FA|&#x16ad3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER MBE|&#x16ad4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER YIE|&#x16ad5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER GAH|&#x16ad6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER DHII|&#x16ad7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER KPAH|&#x16ad8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER JO|&#x16ad9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER HWAH|&#x16ada;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER WA|&#x16adb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER ZO|&#x16adc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER GBU|&#x16add;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER DO|&#x16ade;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER CE|&#x16adf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16AEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER UWU|&#x16ae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER TO|&#x16ae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER BA|&#x16ae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER VU|&#x16ae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER YEIN|&#x16ae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER PA|&#x16ae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER WADDA|&#x16ae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER A|&#x16ae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER O|&#x16ae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER OO|&#x16ae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER U|&#x16aea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER EE|&#x16aeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER E|&#x16aec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER I|&#x16aed;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16AFx |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH COMBINING HIGH TONE|&#x16af0;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH COMBINING LOW TONE|&#x16af1;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH COMBINING MID TONE|&#x16af2;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH COMBINING LOW-MID TONE|&#x16af3;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH COMBINING HIGH-LOW TONE|&#x16af4;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH FULL STOP|&#x16af5;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Pahawh Hmong''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16B0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KEEB|&#x16b00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KEEV|&#x16b01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KIB|&#x16b02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KIV|&#x16b03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAUB|&#x16b04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAUV|&#x16b05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KUB|&#x16b06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KUV|&#x16b07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KEB|&#x16b08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KEV|&#x16b09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAIB|&#x16b0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAIV|&#x16b0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KOOB|&#x16b0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KOOV|&#x16b0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAWB|&#x16b0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAWV|&#x16b0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16B1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KUAB|&#x16b10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KUAV|&#x16b11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KOB|&#x16b12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KOV|&#x16b13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KIAB|&#x16b14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KIAV|&#x16b15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAB|&#x16b16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAV|&#x16b17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KWB|&#x16b18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KWV|&#x16b19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAAB|&#x16b1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAAV|&#x16b1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT VAU|&#x16b1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NTSAU|&#x16b1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT LAU|&#x16b1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT HAU|&#x16b1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16B2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NLAU|&#x16b20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT RAU|&#x16b21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NKAU|&#x16b22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT QHAU|&#x16b23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT YAU|&#x16b24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT HLAU|&#x16b25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT MAU|&#x16b26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT CHAU|&#x16b27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NCHAU|&#x16b28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT HNAU|&#x16b29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT PLHAU|&#x16b2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NTHAU|&#x16b2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NAU|&#x16b2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT AU|&#x16b2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT XAU|&#x16b2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT CAU|&#x16b2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16B3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM TUB|&#x16b30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM SO|&#x16b31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM KES|&#x16b32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM KHAV|&#x16b33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM SUAM|&#x16b34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM HOM|&#x16b35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM TAUM|&#x16b36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS THOM|&#x16b37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS TSHAB CEEB|&#x16b38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM CHEEM|&#x16b39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS THIAB|&#x16b3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS FEEM|&#x16b3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XYEEM NTXIV|&#x16b3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XYEEM RHO|&#x16b3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XYEEM TOV|&#x16b3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XYEEM FAIB|&#x16b3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16B4x |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS SEEV|&#x16b40;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN MEEJ SUAB|&#x16b41;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS NRUA|&#x16b42;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN IB YAM|&#x16b43;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XAUS|&#x16b44;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM TSOV ROG|&#x16b45;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16B5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT ZERO|&#x16b50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT ONE|&#x16b51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT TWO|&#x16b52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT THREE|&#x16b53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT FOUR|&#x16b54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT FIVE|&#x16b55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT SIX|&#x16b56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT SEVEN|&#x16b57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT EIGHT|&#x16b58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT NINE|&#x16b59;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER TENS|&#x16b5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER HUNDREDS|&#x16b5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER TEN THOUSANDS|&#x16b5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER MILLIONS|&#x16b5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER HUNDRED MILLIONS|&#x16b5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16B6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER TEN BILLIONS|&#x16b60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER TRILLIONS|&#x16b61;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS LUB|&#x16b63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XYOO|&#x16b64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN HLI|&#x16b65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN THIRD-STAGE HLI|&#x16b66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN ZWJ THAJ|&#x16b67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN HNUB|&#x16b68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN NQIG|&#x16b69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XIAB|&#x16b6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN NTUJ|&#x16b6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN AV|&#x16b6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN TXHEEJ CEEV|&#x16b6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN MEEJ TSEEB|&#x16b6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN TAU|&#x16b6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16B7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN LOS|&#x16b70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN MUS|&#x16b71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM HAIS LUS NTOG NTOG|&#x16b72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM CUAM TSHOOJ|&#x16b73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM TXWV|&#x16b74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM TXWV CHWV|&#x16b75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM PUB DAWB|&#x16b76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM NRES TOS|&#x16b77;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN TSHEEJ|&#x16b7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN YEEG|&#x16b7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN LIS|&#x16b7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16B8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN LAUJ|&#x16b80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN XYOOJ|&#x16b81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN KOO|&#x16b82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN HAWJ|&#x16b83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN MUAS|&#x16b84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN THOJ|&#x16b85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN TSAB|&#x16b86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN PHAB|&#x16b87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN KHAB|&#x16b88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN HAM|&#x16b89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN VAJ|&#x16b8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN FAJ|&#x16b8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN YAJ|&#x16b8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN TSWB|&#x16b8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN KWM|&#x16b8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN VWJ|&#x16b8f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Woleai''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16B9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16BAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16BBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16BCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16BDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16BEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16BFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Kpelle''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16C0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16C1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16C2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16C3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16C4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16C5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16C6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16C7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Tikamuli''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16C8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16C9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16CAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16CBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16CCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Tangsa''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16CDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16CEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16CFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Afaka''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16D0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16D1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16D2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16D3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Kirat Rai''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16D4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x16d40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN TONPI|&#x16d41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN VISARGA|&#x16d42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER A|&#x16d43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER KA|&#x16d44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER KHA|&#x16d45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER GA|&#x16d46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER GHA|&#x16d47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER NGA|&#x16d48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER CA|&#x16d49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER CHA|&#x16d4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER JA|&#x16d4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER JHA|&#x16d4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER NYA|&#x16d4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER TTA|&#x16d4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER TTHA|&#x16d4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16D5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER DDA|&#x16d50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER DDHA|&#x16d51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER TA|&#x16d52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER THA|&#x16d53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER DA|&#x16d54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER DHA|&#x16d55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER NA|&#x16d56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER PA|&#x16d57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER PHA|&#x16d58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER BA|&#x16d59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER BHA|&#x16d5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER MA|&#x16d5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER YA|&#x16d5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER RA|&#x16d5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER LA|&#x16d5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER VA|&#x16d5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16D6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER SA|&#x16d60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER SHA|&#x16d61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER HA|&#x16d62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x16d63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x16d64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x16d65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN UE|&#x16d66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x16d67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x16d68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x16d69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x16d6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x16d6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN SAAT|&#x16d6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN YUPI|&#x16d6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DANDA|&#x16d6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x16d6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16D7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT ZERO|&#x16d70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT ONE|&#x16d71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT TWO|&#x16d72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT THREE|&#x16d73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT FOUR|&#x16d74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT FIVE|&#x16d75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT SIX|&#x16d76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x16d77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x16d78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT NINE|&#x16d79;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Chisoi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#bba757;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16D8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER A|&#x16d80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER BA|&#x16d81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER AAI|&#x16d82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER AA|&#x16d83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER GA|&#x16d84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER TA|&#x16d85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER E|&#x16d86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER SA|&#x16d87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER NA|&#x16d88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER I|&#x16d89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER KA|&#x16d8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER RA|&#x16d8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER MA|&#x16d8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER HA|&#x16d8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER RRA|&#x16d8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER U|&#x16d8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#bba757;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16D9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER DA|&#x16d90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER LA|&#x16d91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER O|&#x16d92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER NYA|&#x16d93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER NGA|&#x16d94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER CA|&#x16d95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER JA|&#x16d96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER PA|&#x16d97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x16d98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER YA|&#x16d99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER DDA|&#x16d9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER TTA|&#x16d9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER JARAHA|&#x16d9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI SIGN SISO|&#x16d9d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#bba757;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16DAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT ZERO|&#x16da0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT ONE|&#x16da1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT TWO|&#x16da2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT THREE|&#x16da3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT FOUR|&#x16da4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT FIVE|&#x16da5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT SIX|&#x16da6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x16da7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x16da8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT NINE|&#x16da9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16DBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16DCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Kulitan''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16DDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16DEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16DFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Mwangwego''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16E0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI A|&#x16e00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI BA|&#x16e01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI CHA|&#x16e02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI DA|&#x16e03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI FA|&#x16e04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI GA|&#x16e05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI GHA|&#x16e06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI HA|&#x16e07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI JA|&#x16e08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI ZHA|&#x16e09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI KA|&#x16e0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI LA|&#x16e0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI MA|&#x16e0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI NA|&#x16e0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI NYA|&#x16e0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI PA|&#x16e0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16E1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI RA|&#x16e10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI SA|&#x16e11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI SHA|&#x16e12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI TA|&#x16e13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI TSA|&#x16e14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI PSA|&#x16e15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI VA|&#x16e16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI WA|&#x16e17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI YA|&#x16e18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI ZA|&#x16e19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI DZA|&#x16e1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI DHLA|&#x16e1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI HLA|&#x16e1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI XA|&#x16e1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI QA|&#x16e1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI THA|&#x16e1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16E2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO SIRI EMWA|&#x16e20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO SIRI IMA|&#x16e21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO SIRI OTA|&#x16e22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO SIRI UYU|&#x16e23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO MYU|&#x16e24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO MI|&#x16e25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO NI|&#x16e26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO HI|&#x16e27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO WAYA|&#x16e28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO WAYA BELOW|&#x16e29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO SISA|&#x16e2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO MURA|&#x16e2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO MULA|&#x16e2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO PEWA|&#x16e2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO TUMBU|&#x16e2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO KWANTHU|&#x16e2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16E3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-NI|&#x16e30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-HI|&#x16e31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-WAYA|&#x16e32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MI-HI|&#x16e33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MI-WAYA|&#x16e34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO NI-HI|&#x16e35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO NI-WAYA|&#x16e36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO HI-WAYA|&#x16e37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO NI-WAYA|&#x16e38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO TUMBU-WAYA|&#x16e39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-NI-HI|&#x16e3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-HI-WAYA|&#x16e3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MI-HI-WAYA|&#x16e3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO NI-HI-WAYA|&#x16e3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO SISA-NI-HI|&#x16e3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-NI-HI-WAYA|&#x16e3f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Medefaidrin''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16E4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER M|&#x16e40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER S|&#x16e41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER V|&#x16e42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER W|&#x16e43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER ATIU|&#x16e44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|&#x16e45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER KP|&#x16e46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER P|&#x16e47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER T|&#x16e48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER G|&#x16e49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER F|&#x16e4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x16e4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER K|&#x16e4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x16e4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER J|&#x16e4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x16e4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16E5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER B|&#x16e50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER C|&#x16e51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x16e52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER YU|&#x16e53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER L|&#x16e54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|&#x16e55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER HP|&#x16e56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER NY|&#x16e57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER X|&#x16e58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER D|&#x16e59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER OE|&#x16e5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER N|&#x16e5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER R|&#x16e5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x16e5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER AI|&#x16e5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|&#x16e5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16E6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER M|&#x16e60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER S|&#x16e61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER V|&#x16e62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER W|&#x16e63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER ATIU|&#x16e64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER Z|&#x16e65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER KP|&#x16e66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER P|&#x16e67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER T|&#x16e68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER G|&#x16e69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER F|&#x16e6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER I|&#x16e6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER K|&#x16e6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER A|&#x16e6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER J|&#x16e6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER E|&#x16e6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16E7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER B|&#x16e70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER C|&#x16e71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER U|&#x16e72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER YU|&#x16e73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER L|&#x16e74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER Q|&#x16e75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER HP|&#x16e76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER NY|&#x16e77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER X|&#x16e78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER D|&#x16e79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER OE|&#x16e7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER N|&#x16e7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER R|&#x16e7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER O|&#x16e7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER AI|&#x16e7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER Y|&#x16e7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16E8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT ZERO|&#x16e80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT ONE|&#x16e81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT TWO|&#x16e82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT THREE|&#x16e83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT FOUR|&#x16e84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT FIVE|&#x16e85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT SIX|&#x16e86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT SEVEN|&#x16e87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT EIGHT|&#x16e88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT NINE|&#x16e89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER TEN|&#x16e8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER ELEVEN|&#x16e8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER TWELVE|&#x16e8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER THIRTEEN|&#x16e8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER FOURTEEN|&#x16e8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER FIFTEEN|&#x16e8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16E9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER SIXTEEN|&#x16e90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER SEVENTEEN|&#x16e91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER EIGHTEEN|&#x16e92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER NINETEEN|&#x16e93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT ONE ALTERNATE FORM|&#x16e94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT TWO ALTERNATE FORM|&#x16e95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT THREE ALTERNATE FORM|&#x16e96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN COMMA|&#x16e97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN FULL STOP|&#x16e98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SYMBOL AIVA|&#x16e99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN EXCLAMATION OH|&#x16e9a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Beria Erfe''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16EAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER ARKAB|&#x16ea0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER BASIGNA|&#x16ea1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER DARBAI|&#x16ea2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER EH|&#x16ea3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER FITKO|&#x16ea4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER GOWAY|&#x16ea5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER HIRDEABO|&#x16ea6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x16ea7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER DJAI|&#x16ea8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER KOBO|&#x16ea9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER LAKKO|&#x16eaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER MERI|&#x16eab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER NINI|&#x16eac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER GNA|&#x16ead;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER NGAY|&#x16eae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER OI|&#x16eaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16EBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER PI|&#x16eb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER ERIGO|&#x16eb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER ERIGO TAMURA|&#x16eb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER SERI|&#x16eb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER SHEP|&#x16eb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER TATASOUE|&#x16eb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER UI|&#x16eb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER WASSE|&#x16eb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER AY|&#x16eb8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER ARKAB|&#x16ebb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER BASIGNA|&#x16ebc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER DARBAI|&#x16ebd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER EH|&#x16ebe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER FITKO|&#x16ebf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16ECx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER GOWAY|&#x16ec0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER HIRDEABO|&#x16ec1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER I|&#x16ec2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER DJAI|&#x16ec3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER KOBO|&#x16ec4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER LAKKO|&#x16ec5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER MERI|&#x16ec6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER NINI|&#x16ec7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER GNA|&#x16ec8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER NGAY|&#x16ec9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER OI|&#x16eca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER PI|&#x16ecb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER ERIGO|&#x16ecc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER ERIGO TAMURA|&#x16ecd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER SERI|&#x16ece;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER SHEP|&#x16ecf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16EDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER TATASOUE|&#x16ed0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER UI|&#x16ed1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER WASSE|&#x16ed2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER AY|&#x16ed3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16EEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16EFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Miao''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16F0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER PA|&#x16f00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER BA|&#x16f01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI PA|&#x16f02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER PLA|&#x16f03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER MA|&#x16f04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER MHA|&#x16f05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ARCHAIC MA|&#x16f06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER FA|&#x16f07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER VA|&#x16f08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER VFA|&#x16f09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TA|&#x16f0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DA|&#x16f0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI TTA|&#x16f0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI TA|&#x16f0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TTA|&#x16f0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DDA|&#x16f0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16F1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NA|&#x16f10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NHA|&#x16f11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI NNA|&#x16f12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ARCHAIC NA|&#x16f13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NNA|&#x16f14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NNHA|&#x16f15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER LA|&#x16f16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER LYA|&#x16f17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER LHA|&#x16f18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER LHYA|&#x16f19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TLHA|&#x16f1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DLHA|&#x16f1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TLHYA|&#x16f1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DLHYA|&#x16f1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER KA|&#x16f1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER GA|&#x16f1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16F2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI KA|&#x16f20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER QA|&#x16f21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER QGA|&#x16f22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NGA|&#x16f23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NGHA|&#x16f24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ARCHAIC NGA|&#x16f25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER HA|&#x16f26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER XA|&#x16f27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER GHA|&#x16f28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER GHHA|&#x16f29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TSSA|&#x16f2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DZZA|&#x16f2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NYA|&#x16f2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NYHA|&#x16f2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TSHA|&#x16f2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DZHA|&#x16f2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16F3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI TSHA|&#x16f30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI DZHA|&#x16f31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TSHA|&#x16f32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER SHA|&#x16f33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER SSA|&#x16f34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZHA|&#x16f35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZSHA|&#x16f36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TSA|&#x16f37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DZA|&#x16f38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI TSA|&#x16f39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER SA|&#x16f3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZA|&#x16f3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZSA|&#x16f3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZZA|&#x16f3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZZSA|&#x16f3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ARCHAIC ZZA|&#x16f3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16F4x |style="background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZZYA|&#x16f40;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZZSYA|&#x16f41;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER WA|&#x16f42;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER AH|&#x16f43;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER HHA|&#x16f44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER BRI|&#x16f45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER SYI|&#x16f46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DZYI|&#x16f47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TE|&#x16f48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TSE|&#x16f49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER RTE|&#x16f4a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO SIGN CONSONANT MODIFIER BAR|&#x16f4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16F5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NASALIZATION|&#x16f50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO SIGN ASPIRATION|&#x16f51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO SIGN REFORMED VOICING|&#x16f52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO SIGN REFORMED ASPIRATION|&#x16f53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN A|&#x16f54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x16f55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AHH|&#x16f56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AN|&#x16f57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ANG|&#x16f58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN O|&#x16f59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN OO|&#x16f5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN WO|&#x16f5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN W|&#x16f5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN E|&#x16f5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN EN|&#x16f5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ENG|&#x16f5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16F6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN OEY|&#x16f60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN I|&#x16f61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IA|&#x16f62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IAN|&#x16f63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IANG|&#x16f64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IO|&#x16f65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IE|&#x16f66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN II|&#x16f67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IU|&#x16f68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ING|&#x16f69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN U|&#x16f6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UA|&#x16f6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UAN|&#x16f6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UANG|&#x16f6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x16f6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UEI|&#x16f6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16F7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UNG|&#x16f70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN Y|&#x16f71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN YI|&#x16f72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AE|&#x16f73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AEE|&#x16f74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ERR|&#x16f75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ROUNDED ERR|&#x16f76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ER|&#x16f77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ROUNDED ER|&#x16f78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x16f79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN EI|&#x16f7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x16f7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN OU|&#x16f7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN N|&#x16f7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN NG|&#x16f7e;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UOG|&#x16f7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16F8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN YUI|&#x16f80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN OG|&#x16f81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN OER|&#x16f82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN VW|&#x16f83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IG|&#x16f84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN EA|&#x16f85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IONG|&#x16f86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UI|&#x16f87;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO TONE RIGHT|&#x16f8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16F9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO TONE TOP RIGHT|&#x16f90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO TONE ABOVE|&#x16f91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO TONE BELOW|&#x16f92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-2|&#x16f93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-3|&#x16f94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-4|&#x16f95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-5|&#x16f96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-6|&#x16f97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-7|&#x16f98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-8|&#x16f99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-1|&#x16f9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-2|&#x16f9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-4|&#x16f9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-5|&#x16f9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-6|&#x16f9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-8|&#x16f9f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Bopomofo Extended-A'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16FAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Kanbun Extended-A''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16FBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16FCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16FDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16FEx |style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT ITERATION MARK|&#x16fe0;}}||style="background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU ITERATION MARK|&#x16fe1;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD CHINESE HOOK MARK|&#x16fe2;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD CHINESE ITERATION MARK|&#x16fe3;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT FILLER|[KSS F]}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no| WHITE IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA|&#x16fe5;}}||style="{{19.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP|&#x16fe6;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|16FFx |style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VIETNAMESE ALTERNATE READING MARK CA|&#x16ff0;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VIETNAMESE ALTERNATE READING MARK NHAY|&#x16ff1;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHINESE SMALL SIMPLIFIED ER|&#x16ff2;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHINESE SMALL TRADITIONAL ER|&#x16ff3;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YANGQIN SIGN SLOW ONE BEAT|&#x16ff4;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YANGQIN SIGN SLOW THREE HALF BEATS|&#x16ff5;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|YANGQIN SIGN SLOW TWO BEATS|&#x16ff6;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} r4pkmmxoj6dwy4cqqpc0hfey4octkbv 0 266214 4680725 4678011 2026-11-07T18:28:02Z ILYA125467 3627024 Added provisionally assigned characters 4680725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Glagolitic Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E00x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER AZU|&#x1e000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER BUKY|&#x1e001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER VEDE|&#x1e002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER GLAGOLI|&#x1e003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER DOBRO|&#x1e004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YESTU|&#x1e005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER ZHIVETE|&#x1e006;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER ZEMLJA|&#x1e008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER IZHE|&#x1e009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER INITIAL IZHE|&#x1e00a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER I|&#x1e00b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER DJERVI|&#x1e00c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER KAKO|&#x1e00d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER LJUDIJE|&#x1e00e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER MYSLITE|&#x1e00f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E01x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER NASHI|&#x1e010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER ONU|&#x1e011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER POKOJI|&#x1e012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER RITSI|&#x1e013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SLOVO|&#x1e014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER TVRIDO|&#x1e015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER UKU|&#x1e016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER FRITU|&#x1e017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER HERU|&#x1e018;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SHTA|&#x1e01b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER TSI|&#x1e01c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER CHRIVI|&#x1e01d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SHA|&#x1e01e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YERU|&#x1e01f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E02x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YERI|&#x1e020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YATI|&#x1e021;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YU|&#x1e023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SMALL YUS|&#x1e024;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YO|&#x1e026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS|&#x1e027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER BIG YUS|&#x1e028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS|&#x1e029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER FITA|&#x1e02a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Cyrillic Extended-D''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E03x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL A|&#x1e030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL BE|&#x1e031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL VE|&#x1e032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL GHE|&#x1e033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL DE|&#x1e034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL IE|&#x1e035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL ZHE|&#x1e036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL ZE|&#x1e037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL I|&#x1e038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL KA|&#x1e039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL EL|&#x1e03a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL EM|&#x1e03b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL O|&#x1e03c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL PE|&#x1e03d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL ER|&#x1e03e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL ES|&#x1e03f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E04x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL TE|&#x1e040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL U|&#x1e041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL EF|&#x1e042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL HA|&#x1e043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL TSE|&#x1e044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL CHE|&#x1e045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL SHA|&#x1e046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL YERU|&#x1e047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL E|&#x1e048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL YU|&#x1e049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL DZZE|&#x1e04a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL SCHWA|&#x1e04b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I|&#x1e04c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL JE|&#x1e04d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL BARRED O|&#x1e04e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL STRAIGHT U|&#x1e04f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E05x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL PALOCHKA|&#x1e050;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER A|&#x1e051;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER BE|&#x1e052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER VE|&#x1e053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER GHE|&#x1e054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER DE|&#x1e055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER IE|&#x1e056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER ZHE|&#x1e057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER ZE|&#x1e058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER I|&#x1e059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER KA|&#x1e05a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER EL|&#x1e05b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER O|&#x1e05c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER PE|&#x1e05d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER ES|&#x1e05e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER U|&#x1e05f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E06x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER EF|&#x1e060;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER HA|&#x1e061;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER TSE|&#x1e062;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER CHE|&#x1e063;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER SHA|&#x1e064;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN|&#x1e065;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER YERU|&#x1e066;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN|&#x1e067;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I|&#x1e068;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER DZE|&#x1e069;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER DZHE|&#x1e06a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL ES WITH DESCENDER|&#x1e06b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL YERU WITH BACK YER|&#x1e06c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL STRAIGHT U WITH STROKE|&#x1e06d;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL LJE|&#x1e06e;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL NJE|&#x1e06f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E07x |style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL DJE|&#x1e070;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL TSHE|&#x1e071;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL DZHE|&#x1e072;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN|&#x1e073;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E08x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I|&#x1e08f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E09x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E0Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E0Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E0Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E0Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E0Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E0Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E10x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER MA|&#x1e100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER TSA|&#x1e101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NTA|&#x1e102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER TA|&#x1e103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER HA|&#x1e104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NA|&#x1e105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER XA|&#x1e106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NKA|&#x1e107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER CA|&#x1e108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER LA|&#x1e109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER SA|&#x1e10a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER ZA|&#x1e10b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NCA|&#x1e10c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NTSA|&#x1e10d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER KA|&#x1e10e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER DA|&#x1e10f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E11x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NYA|&#x1e110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NRA|&#x1e111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER VA|&#x1e112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NTXA|&#x1e113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER TXA|&#x1e114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER FA|&#x1e115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER RA|&#x1e116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER QA|&#x1e117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER YA|&#x1e118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NQA|&#x1e119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER PA|&#x1e11a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER XYA|&#x1e11b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NPA|&#x1e11c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER DLA|&#x1e11d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NPLA|&#x1e11e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER HAH|&#x1e11f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E12x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER MLA|&#x1e120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER PLA|&#x1e121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER GA|&#x1e122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER RRA|&#x1e123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER A|&#x1e124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER AA|&#x1e125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER I|&#x1e126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER U|&#x1e127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER O|&#x1e128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER OO|&#x1e129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER E|&#x1e12a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER EE|&#x1e12b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER W|&#x1e12c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E13x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG TONE-B|&#x1e130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG TONE-M|&#x1e131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG TONE-J|&#x1e132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG TONE-V|&#x1e133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG TONE-S|&#x1e134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG TONE-G|&#x1e135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG TONE-D|&#x1e136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG SIGN FOR PERSON|&#x1e137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG SIGN FOR THING|&#x1e138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG SIGN FOR LOCATION|&#x1e139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG SIGN FOR ANIMAL|&#x1e13a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG SIGN FOR INVERTEBRATE|&#x1e13b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG SIGN XW XW|&#x1e13c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG SYLLABLE LENGTHENER|&#x1e13d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E14x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT ZERO|&#x1e140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT ONE|&#x1e141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT TWO|&#x1e142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT THREE|&#x1e143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT FOUR|&#x1e144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT FIVE|&#x1e145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT SIX|&#x1e146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1e147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1e148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT NINE|&#x1e149;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LOGOGRAM NYAJ|&#x1e14e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG CIRCLED CA|&#x1e14f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Eebee Hmong''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E15x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E16x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E17x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E18x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E19x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E1Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E1Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E1Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E1Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E1Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E1Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Western Cham''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E20x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E21x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E22x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E23x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E24x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E25x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E26x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E27x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E28x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Toto''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E29x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER PA|&#x1e290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER BA|&#x1e291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER TA|&#x1e292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER DA|&#x1e293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER KA|&#x1e294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER GA|&#x1e295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER MA|&#x1e296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER NA|&#x1e297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER NGA|&#x1e298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER SA|&#x1e299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER CHA|&#x1e29a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER YA|&#x1e29b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER WA|&#x1e29c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER JA|&#x1e29d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER HA|&#x1e29e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER RA|&#x1e29f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E2Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER LA|&#x1e2a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER I|&#x1e2a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER BREATHY I|&#x1e2a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER IU|&#x1e2a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER BREATHY IU|&#x1e2a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER U|&#x1e2a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER E|&#x1e2a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER BREATHY E|&#x1e2a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER EO|&#x1e2a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER BREATHY EO|&#x1e2a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER O|&#x1e2aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER AE|&#x1e2ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER BREATHY AE|&#x1e2ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER A|&#x1e2ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO SIGN RISING TONE|&#x1e2ae;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E2Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Wancho''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E2Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER AA|&#x1e2c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER A|&#x1e2c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER BA|&#x1e2c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER CA|&#x1e2c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER DA|&#x1e2c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER GA|&#x1e2c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER YA|&#x1e2c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER PHA|&#x1e2c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER LA|&#x1e2c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER NA|&#x1e2c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER PA|&#x1e2ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER TA|&#x1e2cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER THA|&#x1e2cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER FA|&#x1e2cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER SA|&#x1e2ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER SHA|&#x1e2cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E2Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER JA|&#x1e2d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER ZA|&#x1e2d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER WA|&#x1e2d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER VA|&#x1e2d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER KA|&#x1e2d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER O|&#x1e2d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER AU|&#x1e2d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER RA|&#x1e2d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER MA|&#x1e2d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER KHA|&#x1e2d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER HA|&#x1e2da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER E|&#x1e2db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER I|&#x1e2dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER NGA|&#x1e2dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER U|&#x1e2de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER LLHA|&#x1e2df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E2Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER TSA|&#x1e2e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER TRA|&#x1e2e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER ONG|&#x1e2e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER AANG|&#x1e2e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER ANG|&#x1e2e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER ING|&#x1e2e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER ON|&#x1e2e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER EN|&#x1e2e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER AAN|&#x1e2e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER NYA|&#x1e2e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER UEN|&#x1e2ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER YIH|&#x1e2eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO TONE TUP|&#x1e2ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO TONE TUPNI|&#x1e2ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO TONE KOI|&#x1e2ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO TONE KOINI|&#x1e2ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E2Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT ZERO|&#x1e2f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT ONE|&#x1e2f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT TWO|&#x1e2f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT THREE|&#x1e2f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT FOUR|&#x1e2f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT FIVE|&#x1e2f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT SIX|&#x1e2f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1e2f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1e2f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT NINE|&#x1e2f9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO NGUN SIGN|&#x1e2ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Loma''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E30x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E31x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E32x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E33x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E34x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E35x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E36x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E37x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E38x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E39x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E3Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E3Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E3Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E3Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E3Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E3Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E40x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E41x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Bagam''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E42x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E43x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E44x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E45x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E46x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E47x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E48x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E49x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E4Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E4Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E4Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Nag Mundari''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E4Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER O|&#x1e4d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER OP|&#x1e4d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER OL|&#x1e4d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER OY|&#x1e4d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER ONG|&#x1e4d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER A|&#x1e4d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER AJ|&#x1e4d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER AB|&#x1e4d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER ANY|&#x1e4d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER AH|&#x1e4d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER I|&#x1e4da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER IS|&#x1e4db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER IDD|&#x1e4dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER IT|&#x1e4dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER IH|&#x1e4de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER U|&#x1e4df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E4Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER UC|&#x1e4e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER UD|&#x1e4e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER UK|&#x1e4e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER UR|&#x1e4e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER E|&#x1e4e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER ENN|&#x1e4e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER EG|&#x1e4e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER EM|&#x1e4e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER EN|&#x1e4e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER ETT|&#x1e4e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER ELL|&#x1e4ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI SIGN OJOD|&#x1e4eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI SIGN MUHOR|&#x1e4ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI SIGN TOYOR|&#x1e4ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI SIGN IKIR|&#x1e4ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI SIGN SUTUH|&#x1e4ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E4Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT ZERO|&#x1e4f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT ONE|&#x1e4f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT TWO|&#x1e4f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT THREE|&#x1e4f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT FOUR|&#x1e4f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT FIVE|&#x1e4f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT SIX|&#x1e4f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1e4f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1e4f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT NINE|&#x1e4f9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Pungchen''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E50x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E51x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E52x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Pungchung'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E53x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E54x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E55x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Marchung'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E56x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E57x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E58x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E59x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Brusha''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E5Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E5Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E5Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Ol Onal''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E5Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER O|&#x1e5d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER OM|&#x1e5d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER ONG|&#x1e5d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER ORR|&#x1e5d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER OO|&#x1e5d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER OY|&#x1e5d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER A|&#x1e5d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER AD|&#x1e5d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER AB|&#x1e5d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER AH|&#x1e5d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER AL|&#x1e5da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER AW|&#x1e5db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER I|&#x1e5dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER IT|&#x1e5dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER IP|&#x1e5de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER ITT|&#x1e5df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E5Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER ID|&#x1e5e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER IN|&#x1e5e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER U|&#x1e5e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER UK|&#x1e5e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER UDD|&#x1e5e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER UJ|&#x1e5e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER UNY|&#x1e5e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER UR|&#x1e5e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER E|&#x1e5e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER ES|&#x1e5e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER EH|&#x1e5ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER EC|&#x1e5eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER ENN|&#x1e5ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER EG|&#x1e5ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL SIGN MU|&#x1e5ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL SIGN IKIR|&#x1e5ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E5Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL SIGN HODDOND|&#x1e5f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT ZERO|&#x1e5f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT ONE|&#x1e5f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT TWO|&#x1e5f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT THREE|&#x1e5f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT FOUR|&#x1e5f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT FIVE|&#x1e5f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT SIX|&#x1e5f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1e5f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1e5f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT NINE|&#x1e5fa;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x1e5ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Chola'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E60x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E61x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E62x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E63x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E64x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E65x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Box-Headed''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E66x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E67x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E68x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E69x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E6Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E6Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tai Yo''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E6Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW KO|&#x1e6c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH KO|&#x1e6c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW KHO|&#x1e6c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH KHO|&#x1e6c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER GO|&#x1e6c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER NGO|&#x1e6c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER CO|&#x1e6c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW XO|&#x1e6c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH XO|&#x1e6c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW NYO|&#x1e6c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH NYO|&#x1e6ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER DO|&#x1e6cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW TO|&#x1e6cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH TO|&#x1e6cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER THO|&#x1e6ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER NO|&#x1e6cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E6Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER BO|&#x1e6d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW PO|&#x1e6d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH PO|&#x1e6d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER PHO|&#x1e6d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW FO|&#x1e6d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH FO|&#x1e6d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER MO|&#x1e6d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER YO|&#x1e6d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LO|&#x1e6d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER VO|&#x1e6d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW HO|&#x1e6da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH HO|&#x1e6db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER QO|&#x1e6dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW KVO|&#x1e6dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH KVO|&#x1e6de;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E6Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER AA|&#x1e6e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER I|&#x1e6e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER UE|&#x1e6e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO SIGN UE|&#x1e6e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER U|&#x1e6e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER AE|&#x1e6e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO SIGN AU|&#x1e6e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER O|&#x1e6e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER E|&#x1e6e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER IA|&#x1e6e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER UEA|&#x1e6ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER UA|&#x1e6eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER OO|&#x1e6ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER AUE|&#x1e6ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO SIGN AY|&#x1e6ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO SIGN ANG|&#x1e6ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E6Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER AN|&#x1e6f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER AM|&#x1e6f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER AK|&#x1e6f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER AT|&#x1e6f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER AP|&#x1e6f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO SIGN OM|&#x1e6f5;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO SYMBOL MUEANG|&#x1e6fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO XAM LAI|&#x1e6ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Lampung''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E70x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E71x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E72x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E73x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Kerinci''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E74x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E75x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E76x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Buginese Supplement''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E77x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E78x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E79x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E7Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E7Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Lontara bilang-bilang'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E7Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E7Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Ethiopic Extended-B''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E7Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHYA|&#x1e7e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHYU|&#x1e7e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHYI|&#x1e7e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHYAA|&#x1e7e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHYEE|&#x1e7e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHYE|&#x1e7e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHYO|&#x1e7e6;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE HHWA|&#x1e7e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHWI|&#x1e7e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHWEE|&#x1e7ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHWE|&#x1e7eb;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE MWI|&#x1e7ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE MWEE|&#x1e7ee;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E7Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE QWI|&#x1e7f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE QWEE|&#x1e7f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE QWE|&#x1e7f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE BWI|&#x1e7f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE BWEE|&#x1e7f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE KWI|&#x1e7f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE KWEE|&#x1e7f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE KWE|&#x1e7f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE GWI|&#x1e7f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE GWEE|&#x1e7f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE GWE|&#x1e7fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE FWI|&#x1e7fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE FWEE|&#x1e7fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE PWI|&#x1e7fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE PWEE|&#x1e7fe;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Mende Kikakui''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E80x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M001 KI|&#x1e800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M002 KA|&#x1e801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M003 KU|&#x1e802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M065 KEE|&#x1e803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M095 KE|&#x1e804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M076 KOO|&#x1e805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M048 KO|&#x1e806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M179 KUA|&#x1e807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M004 WI|&#x1e808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M005 WA|&#x1e809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M006 WU|&#x1e80a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M126 WEE|&#x1e80b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M118 WE|&#x1e80c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M114 WOO|&#x1e80d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M045 WO|&#x1e80e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M194 WUI|&#x1e80f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E81x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M143 WEI|&#x1e810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M061 WVI|&#x1e811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M049 WVA|&#x1e812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M139 WVE|&#x1e813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M007 MIN|&#x1e814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M008 MAN|&#x1e815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M009 MUN|&#x1e816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M059 MEN|&#x1e817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M094 MON|&#x1e818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M154 MUAN|&#x1e819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M189 MUEN|&#x1e81a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M010 BI|&#x1e81b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M011 BA|&#x1e81c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M012 BU|&#x1e81d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M150 BEE|&#x1e81e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M097 BE|&#x1e81f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E82x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M103 BOO|&#x1e820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M138 BO|&#x1e821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M013 I|&#x1e822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M014 A|&#x1e823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M015 U|&#x1e824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M163 EE|&#x1e825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M100 E|&#x1e826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M165 OO|&#x1e827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M147 O|&#x1e828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M137 EI|&#x1e829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M131 IN|&#x1e82a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M135 IN|&#x1e82b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M195 AN|&#x1e82c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M178 EN|&#x1e82d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M019 SI|&#x1e82e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M020 SA|&#x1e82f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E83x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M021 SU|&#x1e830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M162 SEE|&#x1e831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M116 SE|&#x1e832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M136 SOO|&#x1e833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M079 SO|&#x1e834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M196 SIA|&#x1e835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M025 LI|&#x1e836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M026 LA|&#x1e837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M027 LU|&#x1e838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M084 LEE|&#x1e839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M073 LE|&#x1e83a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M054 LOO|&#x1e83b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M153 LO|&#x1e83c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M110 LONG LE|&#x1e83d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M016 DI|&#x1e83e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M017 DA|&#x1e83f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E84x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M018 DU|&#x1e840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M089 DEE|&#x1e841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M180 DOO|&#x1e842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M181 DO|&#x1e843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M022 TI|&#x1e844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M023 TA|&#x1e845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M024 TU|&#x1e846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M091 TEE|&#x1e847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M055 TE|&#x1e848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M104 TOO|&#x1e849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M069 TO|&#x1e84a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M028 JI|&#x1e84b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M029 JA|&#x1e84c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M030 JU|&#x1e84d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M157 JEE|&#x1e84e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M113 JE|&#x1e84f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E85x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M160 JOO|&#x1e850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M063 JO|&#x1e851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M175 LONG JO|&#x1e852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M031 YI|&#x1e853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M032 YA|&#x1e854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M033 YU|&#x1e855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M109 YEE|&#x1e856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M080 YE|&#x1e857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M141 YOO|&#x1e858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M121 YO|&#x1e859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M034 FI|&#x1e85a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M035 FA|&#x1e85b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M036 FU|&#x1e85c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M078 FEE|&#x1e85d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M075 FE|&#x1e85e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M133 FOO|&#x1e85f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E86x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M088 FO|&#x1e860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M197 FUA|&#x1e861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M101 FAN|&#x1e862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M037 NIN|&#x1e863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M038 NAN|&#x1e864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M039 NUN|&#x1e865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M117 NEN|&#x1e866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M169 NON|&#x1e867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M176 HI|&#x1e868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M041 HA|&#x1e869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M186 HU|&#x1e86a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M040 HEE|&#x1e86b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M096 HE|&#x1e86c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M042 HOO|&#x1e86d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M140 HO|&#x1e86e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M083 HEEI|&#x1e86f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E87x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M128 HOOU|&#x1e870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M053 HIN|&#x1e871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M130 HAN|&#x1e872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M087 HUN|&#x1e873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M052 HEN|&#x1e874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M193 HON|&#x1e875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M046 HUAN|&#x1e876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M090 NGGI|&#x1e877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M043 NGGA|&#x1e878;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M082 NGGU|&#x1e879;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M115 NGGEE|&#x1e87a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M146 NGGE|&#x1e87b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M156 NGGOO|&#x1e87c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M120 NGGO|&#x1e87d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M159 NGGAA|&#x1e87e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M127 NGGUA|&#x1e87f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E88x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M086 LONG NGGE|&#x1e880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M106 LONG NGGOO|&#x1e881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M183 LONG NGGO|&#x1e882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M155 GI|&#x1e883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M111 GA|&#x1e884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M168 GU|&#x1e885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M190 GEE|&#x1e886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M166 GUEI|&#x1e887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M167 GUAN|&#x1e888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M184 NGEN|&#x1e889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M057 NGON|&#x1e88a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M177 NGUAN|&#x1e88b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M068 PI|&#x1e88c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M099 PA|&#x1e88d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M050 PU|&#x1e88e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M081 PEE|&#x1e88f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E89x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M051 PE|&#x1e890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M102 POO|&#x1e891;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M066 PO|&#x1e892;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M145 MBI|&#x1e893;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M062 MBA|&#x1e894;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M122 MBU|&#x1e895;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M047 MBEE|&#x1e896;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M188 MBEE|&#x1e897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M072 MBE|&#x1e898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M172 MBOO|&#x1e899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M174 MBO|&#x1e89a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M187 MBUU|&#x1e89b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M161 LONG MBE|&#x1e89c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M105 LONG MBOO|&#x1e89d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M142 LONG MBO|&#x1e89e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M132 KPI|&#x1e89f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E8Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M092 KPA|&#x1e8a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M074 KPU|&#x1e8a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M044 KPEE|&#x1e8a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M108 KPE|&#x1e8a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M112 KPOO|&#x1e8a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M158 KPO|&#x1e8a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M124 GBI|&#x1e8a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M056 GBA|&#x1e8a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M148 GBU|&#x1e8a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M093 GBEE|&#x1e8a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M107 GBE|&#x1e8aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M071 GBOO|&#x1e8ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M070 GBO|&#x1e8ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M171 RA|&#x1e8ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M123 NDI|&#x1e8ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M129 NDA|&#x1e8af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E8Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M125 NDU|&#x1e8b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M191 NDEE|&#x1e8b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M119 NDE|&#x1e8b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M067 NDOO|&#x1e8b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M064 NDO|&#x1e8b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M152 NJA|&#x1e8b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M192 NJU|&#x1e8b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M149 NJEE|&#x1e8b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M134 NJOO|&#x1e8b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M182 VI|&#x1e8b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M185 VA|&#x1e8ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M151 VU|&#x1e8bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M173 VEE|&#x1e8bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M085 VE|&#x1e8bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M144 VOO|&#x1e8be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M077 VO|&#x1e8bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E8Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M164 NYIN|&#x1e8c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M058 NYAN|&#x1e8c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M170 NYUN|&#x1e8c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M098 NYEN|&#x1e8c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M060 NYON|&#x1e8c4;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT ONE|&#x1e8c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT TWO|&#x1e8c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT THREE|&#x1e8c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT FOUR|&#x1e8ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT FIVE|&#x1e8cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT SIX|&#x1e8cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1e8cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1e8ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT NINE|&#x1e8cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E8Dx |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI COMBINING NUMBER TEENS|&#x1e8d0;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI COMBINING NUMBER TENS|&#x1e8d1;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI COMBINING NUMBER HUNDREDS|&#x1e8d2;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI COMBINING NUMBER THOUSANDS|&#x1e8d3;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI COMBINING NUMBER TEN THOUSANDS|&#x1e8d4;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI COMBINING NUMBER HUNDRED THOUSANDS|&#x1e8d5;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI COMBINING NUMBER MILLIONS|&#x1e8d6;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E8Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E8Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Adlam''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E90x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER ALIF|&#x1e900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER DAALI|&#x1e901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER LAAM|&#x1e902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER MIIM|&#x1e903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER BA|&#x1e904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER SINNYIIYHE|&#x1e905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER PE|&#x1e906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER BHE|&#x1e907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER RA|&#x1e908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x1e909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER FA|&#x1e90a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x1e90b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x1e90c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER DHA|&#x1e90d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER YHE|&#x1e90e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER WAW|&#x1e90f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E91x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER NUN|&#x1e910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER KAF|&#x1e911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER YA|&#x1e912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x1e913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER JIIM|&#x1e914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER CHI|&#x1e915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER HA|&#x1e916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER QAAF|&#x1e917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER GA|&#x1e918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER NYA|&#x1e919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER TU|&#x1e91a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER NHA|&#x1e91b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER VA|&#x1e91c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER KHA|&#x1e91d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER GBE|&#x1e91e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER ZAL|&#x1e91f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E92x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER KPO|&#x1e920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER SHA|&#x1e921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER ALIF|&#x1e922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER DAALI|&#x1e923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER LAAM|&#x1e924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER MIIM|&#x1e925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER BA|&#x1e926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER SINNYIIYHE|&#x1e927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER PE|&#x1e928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER BHE|&#x1e929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER RA|&#x1e92a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER E|&#x1e92b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER FA|&#x1e92c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER I|&#x1e92d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER O|&#x1e92e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER DHA|&#x1e92f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E93x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER YHE|&#x1e930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER WAW|&#x1e931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER NUN|&#x1e932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER KAF|&#x1e933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER YA|&#x1e934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER U|&#x1e935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER JIIM|&#x1e936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER CHI|&#x1e937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER HA|&#x1e938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER QAAF|&#x1e939;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER GA|&#x1e93a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER NYA|&#x1e93b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER TU|&#x1e93c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER NHA|&#x1e93d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER VA|&#x1e93e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER KHA|&#x1e93f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E94x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER GBE|&#x1e940;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER ZAL|&#x1e941;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER KPO|&#x1e942;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER SHA|&#x1e943;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM ALIF LENGTHENER|&#x1e944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM VOWEL LENGTHENER|&#x1e945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM GEMINATION MARK|&#x1e946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM HAMZA|&#x1e947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CONSONANT MODIFIER|&#x1e948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM GEMINATE CONSONANT MODIFIER|&#x1e949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM NUKTA|&#x1e94a;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM NASALIZATION MARK|&#x1e94b;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E95x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT ZERO|&#x1e950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT ONE|&#x1e951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT TWO|&#x1e952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT THREE|&#x1e953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT FOUR|&#x1e954;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT FIVE|&#x1e955;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT SIX|&#x1e956;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1e957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1e958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT NINE|&#x1e959;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM INITIAL EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x1e95e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM INITIAL QUESTION MARK|&#x1e95f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''N'Ko Supplement''''' |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E96x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E97x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E98x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E99x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E9Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E9Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E9Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E9Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E9Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E9Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EAAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EABx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EACx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EADx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EAEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EAFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Byblos'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EBAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EBBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EBCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EBDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EBEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EBFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Persian Siyaq Numbers''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Indic Siyaq Numbers''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC7x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ONE|&#x1ec71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWO|&#x1ec72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THREE|&#x1ec73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR|&#x1ec74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE|&#x1ec75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIX|&#x1ec76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN|&#x1ec77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT|&#x1ec78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINE|&#x1ec79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TEN|&#x1ec7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWENTY|&#x1ec7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THIRTY|&#x1ec7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FORTY|&#x1ec7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIFTY|&#x1ec7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIXTY|&#x1ec7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x1ec80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x1ec81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINETY|&#x1ec82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x1ec83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWO HUNDRED|&#x1ec84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THREE HUNDRED|&#x1ec85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED|&#x1ec86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE HUNDRED|&#x1ec87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIX HUNDRED|&#x1ec88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED|&#x1ec89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED|&#x1ec8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINE HUNDRED|&#x1ec8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#x1ec8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWO THOUSAND|&#x1ec8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THREE THOUSAND|&#x1ec8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR THOUSAND|&#x1ec8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE THOUSAND|&#x1ec90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIX THOUSAND|&#x1ec91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN THOUSAND|&#x1ec92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT THOUSAND|&#x1ec93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINE THOUSAND|&#x1ec94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TEN THOUSAND|&#x1ec95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWENTY THOUSAND|&#x1ec96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THIRTY THOUSAND|&#x1ec97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FORTY THOUSAND|&#x1ec98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIFTY THOUSAND|&#x1ec99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIXTY THOUSAND|&#x1ec9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVENTY THOUSAND|&#x1ec9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHTY THOUSAND|&#x1ec9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINETY THOUSAND|&#x1ec9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER LAKH|&#x1ec9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER LAKHAN|&#x1ec9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ECAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ LAKH MARK|&#x1eca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER KAROR|&#x1eca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER KARORAN|&#x1eca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED ONE|&#x1eca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED TWO|&#x1eca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED THREE|&#x1eca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED FOUR|&#x1eca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED FIVE|&#x1eca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED SIX|&#x1eca8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED SEVEN|&#x1eca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED EIGHT|&#x1ecaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED NINE|&#x1ecab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ PLACEHOLDER|&#x1ecac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&#x1ecad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ FRACTION ONE HALF|&#x1ecae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ FRACTION THREE QUARTERS|&#x1ecaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ECBx |style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ RUPEE MARK|&#x1ecb0;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ALTERNATE ONE|&#x1ecb1;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ALTERNATE TWO|&#x1ecb2;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ALTERNATE TEN THOUSAND|&#x1ecb3;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ ALTERNATE LAKH MARK|&#x1ecb4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Diwani Siyaq Numbers''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ECCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ECDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ECEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ECFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Ottoman Siyaq Numbers''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED0x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER ONE|&#x1ed01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER TWO|&#x1ed02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER THREE|&#x1ed03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR|&#x1ed04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE|&#x1ed05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SIX|&#x1ed06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN|&#x1ed07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT|&#x1ed08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER NINE|&#x1ed09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER TEN|&#x1ed0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER TWENTY|&#x1ed0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER THIRTY|&#x1ed0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FORTY|&#x1ed0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FIFTY|&#x1ed0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SIXTY|&#x1ed0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x1ed10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x1ed11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER NINETY|&#x1ed12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x1ed13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER TWO HUNDRED|&#x1ed14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER THREE HUNDRED|&#x1ed15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED|&#x1ed16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE HUNDRED|&#x1ed17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SIX HUNDRED|&#x1ed18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED|&#x1ed19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED|&#x1ed1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER NINE HUNDRED|&#x1ed1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#x1ed1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER TWO THOUSAND|&#x1ed1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER THREE THOUSAND|&#x1ed1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR THOUSAND|&#x1ed1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE THOUSAND|&#x1ed20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SIX THOUSAND|&#x1ed21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN THOUSAND|&#x1ed22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT THOUSAND|&#x1ed23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER NINE THOUSAND|&#x1ed24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER TEN THOUSAND|&#x1ed25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER TWENTY THOUSAND|&#x1ed26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER THIRTY THOUSAND|&#x1ed27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FORTY THOUSAND|&#x1ed28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FIFTY THOUSAND|&#x1ed29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SIXTY THOUSAND|&#x1ed2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SEVENTY THOUSAND|&#x1ed2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHTY THOUSAND|&#x1ed2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER NINETY THOUSAND|&#x1ed2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ MARRATAN|&#x1ed2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER TWO|&#x1ed2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER THREE|&#x1ed30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER FOUR|&#x1ed31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER FIVE|&#x1ed32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER SIX|&#x1ed33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER SEVEN|&#x1ed34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER EIGHT|&#x1ed35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER NINE|&#x1ed36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER TEN|&#x1ed37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED|&#x1ed38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER SIX HUNDRED|&#x1ed39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER TWO THOUSAND|&#x1ed3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER TEN THOUSAND|&#x1ed3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ FRACTION ONE HALF|&#x1ed3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ FRACTION ONE SIXTH|&#x1ed3d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EDAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EDBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EDCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EDDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EDEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EDFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.1}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EE0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL ALEF|&#x1ee00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL BEH|&#x1ee01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL JEEM|&#x1ee02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL DAL|&#x1ee03;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL WAW|&#x1ee05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL ZAIN|&#x1ee06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL HAH|&#x1ee07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL TAH|&#x1ee08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL YEH|&#x1ee09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL KAF|&#x1ee0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL LAM|&#x1ee0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL MEEM|&#x1ee0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL NOON|&#x1ee0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL SEEN|&#x1ee0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL AIN|&#x1ee0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.1}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EE1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL FEH|&#x1ee10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL SAD|&#x1ee11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL QAF|&#x1ee12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL REH|&#x1ee13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL SHEEN|&#x1ee14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL TEH|&#x1ee15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL THEH|&#x1ee16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL KHAH|&#x1ee17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL THAL|&#x1ee18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL DAD|&#x1ee19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL ZAH|&#x1ee1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL GHAIN|&#x1ee1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL DOTLESS BEH|&#x1ee1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL DOTLESS NOON|&#x1ee1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL DOTLESS FEH|&#x1ee1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL DOTLESS QAF|&#x1ee1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.1}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EE2x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL BEH|&#x1ee21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL JEEM|&#x1ee22;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL HEH|&#x1ee24;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL HAH|&#x1ee27;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL YEH|&#x1ee29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL KAF|&#x1ee2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL LAM|&#x1ee2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL INITIAL MEEM|&#x1ee2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC 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!style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EFFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} pyb2n76n30n4rp2q106gc62xwezq15i 4680859 4680725 2026-11-08T05:51:07Z ILYA125467 3627024 Slightly changed 4680859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Glagolitic Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E00x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER AZU|&#x1e000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER BUKY|&#x1e001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER VEDE|&#x1e002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER GLAGOLI|&#x1e003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER DOBRO|&#x1e004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YESTU|&#x1e005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER ZHIVETE|&#x1e006;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER ZEMLJA|&#x1e008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER IZHE|&#x1e009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER INITIAL IZHE|&#x1e00a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER I|&#x1e00b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER DJERVI|&#x1e00c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER KAKO|&#x1e00d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER LJUDIJE|&#x1e00e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER MYSLITE|&#x1e00f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E01x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER NASHI|&#x1e010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER ONU|&#x1e011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER POKOJI|&#x1e012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER RITSI|&#x1e013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SLOVO|&#x1e014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER TVRIDO|&#x1e015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER UKU|&#x1e016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER FRITU|&#x1e017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER HERU|&#x1e018;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SHTA|&#x1e01b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER TSI|&#x1e01c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER CHRIVI|&#x1e01d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SHA|&#x1e01e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YERU|&#x1e01f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E02x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YERI|&#x1e020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YATI|&#x1e021;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YU|&#x1e023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SMALL YUS|&#x1e024;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YO|&#x1e026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS|&#x1e027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER BIG YUS|&#x1e028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS|&#x1e029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER FITA|&#x1e02a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Cyrillic Extended-D''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E03x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL A|&#x1e030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL BE|&#x1e031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL VE|&#x1e032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL GHE|&#x1e033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL DE|&#x1e034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL IE|&#x1e035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL ZHE|&#x1e036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL ZE|&#x1e037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL I|&#x1e038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL KA|&#x1e039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL EL|&#x1e03a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL EM|&#x1e03b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL O|&#x1e03c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL PE|&#x1e03d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL ER|&#x1e03e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL ES|&#x1e03f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E04x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL TE|&#x1e040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL U|&#x1e041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL EF|&#x1e042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL HA|&#x1e043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL TSE|&#x1e044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL CHE|&#x1e045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL SHA|&#x1e046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL YERU|&#x1e047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL E|&#x1e048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL YU|&#x1e049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL DZZE|&#x1e04a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL SCHWA|&#x1e04b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I|&#x1e04c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL JE|&#x1e04d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL BARRED O|&#x1e04e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL STRAIGHT U|&#x1e04f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E05x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL PALOCHKA|&#x1e050;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER A|&#x1e051;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER BE|&#x1e052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER VE|&#x1e053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER GHE|&#x1e054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER DE|&#x1e055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER IE|&#x1e056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER ZHE|&#x1e057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER ZE|&#x1e058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER I|&#x1e059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER KA|&#x1e05a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER EL|&#x1e05b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER O|&#x1e05c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER PE|&#x1e05d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER ES|&#x1e05e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER U|&#x1e05f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E06x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER EF|&#x1e060;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER HA|&#x1e061;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER TSE|&#x1e062;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER CHE|&#x1e063;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER SHA|&#x1e064;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN|&#x1e065;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER YERU|&#x1e066;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN|&#x1e067;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I|&#x1e068;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER DZE|&#x1e069;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER DZHE|&#x1e06a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL ES WITH DESCENDER|&#x1e06b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL YERU WITH BACK YER|&#x1e06c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL STRAIGHT U WITH STROKE|&#x1e06d;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL LJE|&#x1e06e;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL NJE|&#x1e06f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E07x |style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL DJE|&#x1e070;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL TSHE|&#x1e071;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL DZHE|&#x1e072;}}||style="{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN|&#x1e073;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E08x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I|&#x1e08f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E09x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E0Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E0Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E0Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E0Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E0Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E0Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E10x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER MA|&#x1e100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER TSA|&#x1e101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NTA|&#x1e102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER TA|&#x1e103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER HA|&#x1e104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NA|&#x1e105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER XA|&#x1e106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NKA|&#x1e107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER CA|&#x1e108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER LA|&#x1e109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER SA|&#x1e10a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER ZA|&#x1e10b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NCA|&#x1e10c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NTSA|&#x1e10d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER KA|&#x1e10e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER DA|&#x1e10f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E11x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NYA|&#x1e110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NRA|&#x1e111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER VA|&#x1e112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NTXA|&#x1e113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER TXA|&#x1e114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER FA|&#x1e115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER RA|&#x1e116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER QA|&#x1e117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER YA|&#x1e118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NQA|&#x1e119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER PA|&#x1e11a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER XYA|&#x1e11b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NPA|&#x1e11c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER DLA|&#x1e11d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER NPLA|&#x1e11e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER HAH|&#x1e11f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E12x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER MLA|&#x1e120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER PLA|&#x1e121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER GA|&#x1e122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER RRA|&#x1e123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER A|&#x1e124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER AA|&#x1e125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER I|&#x1e126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER U|&#x1e127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER O|&#x1e128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER OO|&#x1e129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER E|&#x1e12a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER EE|&#x1e12b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LETTER W|&#x1e12c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E13x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG TONE-B|&#x1e130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG TONE-M|&#x1e131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG TONE-J|&#x1e132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG TONE-V|&#x1e133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG TONE-S|&#x1e134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG TONE-G|&#x1e135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG TONE-D|&#x1e136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG SIGN FOR PERSON|&#x1e137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG SIGN FOR THING|&#x1e138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG SIGN FOR LOCATION|&#x1e139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG SIGN FOR ANIMAL|&#x1e13a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG SIGN FOR INVERTEBRATE|&#x1e13b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG SIGN XW XW|&#x1e13c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG SYLLABLE LENGTHENER|&#x1e13d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E14x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT ZERO|&#x1e140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT ONE|&#x1e141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT TWO|&#x1e142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT THREE|&#x1e143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT FOUR|&#x1e144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT FIVE|&#x1e145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT SIX|&#x1e146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1e147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1e148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG DIGIT NINE|&#x1e149;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG LOGOGRAM NYAJ|&#x1e14e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NYIAKENG PUACHUE HMONG CIRCLED CA|&#x1e14f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Eebee Hmong''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E15x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E16x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E17x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E18x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E19x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E1Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E1Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E1Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E1Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E1Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E1Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Western Cham''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E20x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E21x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E22x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E23x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E24x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E25x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E26x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E27x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E28x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Toto''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E29x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER PA|&#x1e290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER BA|&#x1e291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER TA|&#x1e292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER DA|&#x1e293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER KA|&#x1e294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER GA|&#x1e295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER MA|&#x1e296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER NA|&#x1e297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER NGA|&#x1e298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER SA|&#x1e299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER CHA|&#x1e29a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER YA|&#x1e29b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER WA|&#x1e29c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER JA|&#x1e29d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER HA|&#x1e29e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER RA|&#x1e29f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E2Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER LA|&#x1e2a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER I|&#x1e2a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER BREATHY I|&#x1e2a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER IU|&#x1e2a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER BREATHY IU|&#x1e2a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER U|&#x1e2a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER E|&#x1e2a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER BREATHY E|&#x1e2a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER EO|&#x1e2a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER BREATHY EO|&#x1e2a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER O|&#x1e2aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER AE|&#x1e2ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER BREATHY AE|&#x1e2ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO LETTER A|&#x1e2ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTO SIGN RISING TONE|&#x1e2ae;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E2Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Wancho''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E2Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER AA|&#x1e2c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER A|&#x1e2c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER BA|&#x1e2c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER CA|&#x1e2c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER DA|&#x1e2c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER GA|&#x1e2c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER YA|&#x1e2c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER PHA|&#x1e2c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER LA|&#x1e2c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER NA|&#x1e2c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER PA|&#x1e2ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER TA|&#x1e2cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER THA|&#x1e2cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER FA|&#x1e2cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER SA|&#x1e2ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER SHA|&#x1e2cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E2Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER JA|&#x1e2d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER ZA|&#x1e2d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER WA|&#x1e2d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER VA|&#x1e2d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER KA|&#x1e2d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER O|&#x1e2d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER AU|&#x1e2d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER RA|&#x1e2d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER MA|&#x1e2d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER KHA|&#x1e2d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER HA|&#x1e2da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER E|&#x1e2db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER I|&#x1e2dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER NGA|&#x1e2dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER U|&#x1e2de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER LLHA|&#x1e2df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E2Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER TSA|&#x1e2e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER TRA|&#x1e2e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER ONG|&#x1e2e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER AANG|&#x1e2e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER ANG|&#x1e2e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER ING|&#x1e2e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER ON|&#x1e2e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER EN|&#x1e2e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER AAN|&#x1e2e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER NYA|&#x1e2e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER UEN|&#x1e2ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO LETTER YIH|&#x1e2eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO TONE TUP|&#x1e2ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO TONE TUPNI|&#x1e2ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO TONE KOI|&#x1e2ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO TONE KOINI|&#x1e2ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E2Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT ZERO|&#x1e2f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT ONE|&#x1e2f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT TWO|&#x1e2f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT THREE|&#x1e2f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT FOUR|&#x1e2f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT FIVE|&#x1e2f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT SIX|&#x1e2f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1e2f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1e2f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO DIGIT NINE|&#x1e2f9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|WANCHO NGUN SIGN|&#x1e2ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Loma''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E30x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E31x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E32x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E33x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E34x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E35x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E36x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E37x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E38x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E39x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E3Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E3Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E3Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E3Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E3Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E3Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E40x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E41x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Bagam''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E42x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E43x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E44x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E45x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E46x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E47x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E48x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E49x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E4Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E4Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E4Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Nag Mundari''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E4Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER O|&#x1e4d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER OP|&#x1e4d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER OL|&#x1e4d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER OY|&#x1e4d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER ONG|&#x1e4d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER A|&#x1e4d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER AJ|&#x1e4d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER AB|&#x1e4d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER ANY|&#x1e4d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER AH|&#x1e4d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER I|&#x1e4da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER IS|&#x1e4db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER IDD|&#x1e4dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER IT|&#x1e4dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER IH|&#x1e4de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER U|&#x1e4df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E4Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER UC|&#x1e4e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER UD|&#x1e4e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER UK|&#x1e4e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER UR|&#x1e4e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER E|&#x1e4e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER ENN|&#x1e4e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER EG|&#x1e4e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER EM|&#x1e4e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER EN|&#x1e4e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER ETT|&#x1e4e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI LETTER ELL|&#x1e4ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI SIGN OJOD|&#x1e4eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI SIGN MUHOR|&#x1e4ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI SIGN TOYOR|&#x1e4ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI SIGN IKIR|&#x1e4ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI SIGN SUTUH|&#x1e4ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E4Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT ZERO|&#x1e4f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT ONE|&#x1e4f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT TWO|&#x1e4f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT THREE|&#x1e4f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT FOUR|&#x1e4f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT FIVE|&#x1e4f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT SIX|&#x1e4f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1e4f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1e4f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAG MUNDARI DIGIT NINE|&#x1e4f9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Pungchen''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E50x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E51x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E52x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Pungchung'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E53x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E54x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E55x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Marchung'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E56x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E57x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E58x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E59x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Brusha''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E5Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E5Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E5Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Ol Onal''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E5Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER O|&#x1e5d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER OM|&#x1e5d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER ONG|&#x1e5d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER ORR|&#x1e5d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER OO|&#x1e5d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER OY|&#x1e5d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER A|&#x1e5d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER AD|&#x1e5d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER AB|&#x1e5d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER AH|&#x1e5d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER AL|&#x1e5da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER AW|&#x1e5db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER I|&#x1e5dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER IT|&#x1e5dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER IP|&#x1e5de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER ITT|&#x1e5df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E5Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER ID|&#x1e5e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER IN|&#x1e5e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER U|&#x1e5e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER UK|&#x1e5e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER UDD|&#x1e5e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER UJ|&#x1e5e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER UNY|&#x1e5e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER UR|&#x1e5e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER E|&#x1e5e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER ES|&#x1e5e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER EH|&#x1e5ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER EC|&#x1e5eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER ENN|&#x1e5ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL LETTER EG|&#x1e5ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL SIGN MU|&#x1e5ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL SIGN IKIR|&#x1e5ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E5Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL SIGN HODDOND|&#x1e5f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT ZERO|&#x1e5f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT ONE|&#x1e5f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT TWO|&#x1e5f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT THREE|&#x1e5f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT FOUR|&#x1e5f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT FIVE|&#x1e5f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT SIX|&#x1e5f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1e5f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1e5f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL DIGIT NINE|&#x1e5fa;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL ONAL ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x1e5ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Chola'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E60x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E61x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E62x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E63x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E64x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E65x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Box-Headed''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E66x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E67x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E68x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E69x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E6Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E6Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tai Yo''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E6Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW KO|&#x1e6c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH KO|&#x1e6c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW KHO|&#x1e6c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH KHO|&#x1e6c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER GO|&#x1e6c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER NGO|&#x1e6c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER CO|&#x1e6c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW XO|&#x1e6c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH XO|&#x1e6c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW NYO|&#x1e6c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH NYO|&#x1e6ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER DO|&#x1e6cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW TO|&#x1e6cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH TO|&#x1e6cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER THO|&#x1e6ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER NO|&#x1e6cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E6Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER BO|&#x1e6d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW PO|&#x1e6d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH PO|&#x1e6d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER PHO|&#x1e6d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW FO|&#x1e6d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH FO|&#x1e6d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER MO|&#x1e6d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER YO|&#x1e6d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LO|&#x1e6d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER VO|&#x1e6d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW HO|&#x1e6da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH HO|&#x1e6db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER QO|&#x1e6dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER LOW KVO|&#x1e6dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER HIGH KVO|&#x1e6de;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E6Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER AA|&#x1e6e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER I|&#x1e6e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER UE|&#x1e6e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO SIGN UE|&#x1e6e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER U|&#x1e6e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER AE|&#x1e6e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO SIGN AU|&#x1e6e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER O|&#x1e6e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER E|&#x1e6e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER IA|&#x1e6e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER UEA|&#x1e6ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER UA|&#x1e6eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER OO|&#x1e6ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER AUE|&#x1e6ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO SIGN AY|&#x1e6ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO SIGN ANG|&#x1e6ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E6Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER AN|&#x1e6f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER AM|&#x1e6f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER AK|&#x1e6f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER AT|&#x1e6f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO LETTER AP|&#x1e6f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO SIGN OM|&#x1e6f5;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO SYMBOL MUEANG|&#x1e6fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI YO XAM LAI|&#x1e6ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Lampung''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E70x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E71x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E72x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E73x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Kerinci''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E74x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E75x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E76x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Buginese Supplement''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E77x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E78x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E79x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E7Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E7Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Lontara bilang-bilang'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E7Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E7Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Ethiopic Extended-B''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E7Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHYA|&#x1e7e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHYU|&#x1e7e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHYI|&#x1e7e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHYAA|&#x1e7e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHYEE|&#x1e7e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHYE|&#x1e7e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHYO|&#x1e7e6;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE HHWA|&#x1e7e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHWI|&#x1e7e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHWEE|&#x1e7ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHWE|&#x1e7eb;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE MWI|&#x1e7ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE MWEE|&#x1e7ee;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E7Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE QWI|&#x1e7f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE QWEE|&#x1e7f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE QWE|&#x1e7f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE BWI|&#x1e7f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE BWEE|&#x1e7f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE KWI|&#x1e7f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE KWEE|&#x1e7f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE KWE|&#x1e7f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE GWI|&#x1e7f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE GWEE|&#x1e7f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE GWE|&#x1e7fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE FWI|&#x1e7fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE FWEE|&#x1e7fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE PWI|&#x1e7fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GURAGE PWEE|&#x1e7fe;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Mende Kikakui''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E80x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M001 KI|&#x1e800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M002 KA|&#x1e801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M003 KU|&#x1e802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M065 KEE|&#x1e803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M095 KE|&#x1e804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M076 KOO|&#x1e805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M048 KO|&#x1e806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M179 KUA|&#x1e807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M004 WI|&#x1e808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M005 WA|&#x1e809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M006 WU|&#x1e80a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M126 WEE|&#x1e80b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M118 WE|&#x1e80c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M114 WOO|&#x1e80d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M045 WO|&#x1e80e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M194 WUI|&#x1e80f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E81x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M143 WEI|&#x1e810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M061 WVI|&#x1e811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M049 WVA|&#x1e812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M139 WVE|&#x1e813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M007 MIN|&#x1e814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M008 MAN|&#x1e815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M009 MUN|&#x1e816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M059 MEN|&#x1e817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M094 MON|&#x1e818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M154 MUAN|&#x1e819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M189 MUEN|&#x1e81a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M010 BI|&#x1e81b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M011 BA|&#x1e81c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M012 BU|&#x1e81d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M150 BEE|&#x1e81e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M097 BE|&#x1e81f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E82x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M103 BOO|&#x1e820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M138 BO|&#x1e821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M013 I|&#x1e822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M014 A|&#x1e823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M015 U|&#x1e824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M163 EE|&#x1e825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M100 E|&#x1e826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M165 OO|&#x1e827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M147 O|&#x1e828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M137 EI|&#x1e829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M131 IN|&#x1e82a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M135 IN|&#x1e82b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M195 AN|&#x1e82c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M178 EN|&#x1e82d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M019 SI|&#x1e82e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M020 SA|&#x1e82f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E83x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M021 SU|&#x1e830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M162 SEE|&#x1e831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M116 SE|&#x1e832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M136 SOO|&#x1e833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M079 SO|&#x1e834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M196 SIA|&#x1e835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M025 LI|&#x1e836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M026 LA|&#x1e837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M027 LU|&#x1e838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M084 LEE|&#x1e839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M073 LE|&#x1e83a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M054 LOO|&#x1e83b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M153 LO|&#x1e83c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M110 LONG LE|&#x1e83d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M016 DI|&#x1e83e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M017 DA|&#x1e83f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E84x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M018 DU|&#x1e840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M089 DEE|&#x1e841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M180 DOO|&#x1e842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M181 DO|&#x1e843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M022 TI|&#x1e844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M023 TA|&#x1e845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M024 TU|&#x1e846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M091 TEE|&#x1e847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M055 TE|&#x1e848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M104 TOO|&#x1e849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M069 TO|&#x1e84a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M028 JI|&#x1e84b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M029 JA|&#x1e84c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M030 JU|&#x1e84d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M157 JEE|&#x1e84e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M113 JE|&#x1e84f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E85x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M160 JOO|&#x1e850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M063 JO|&#x1e851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M175 LONG JO|&#x1e852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M031 YI|&#x1e853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M032 YA|&#x1e854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M033 YU|&#x1e855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M109 YEE|&#x1e856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M080 YE|&#x1e857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M141 YOO|&#x1e858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M121 YO|&#x1e859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M034 FI|&#x1e85a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M035 FA|&#x1e85b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M036 FU|&#x1e85c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M078 FEE|&#x1e85d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M075 FE|&#x1e85e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M133 FOO|&#x1e85f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E86x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M088 FO|&#x1e860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M197 FUA|&#x1e861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M101 FAN|&#x1e862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M037 NIN|&#x1e863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M038 NAN|&#x1e864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M039 NUN|&#x1e865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M117 NEN|&#x1e866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M169 NON|&#x1e867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M176 HI|&#x1e868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M041 HA|&#x1e869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M186 HU|&#x1e86a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M040 HEE|&#x1e86b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M096 HE|&#x1e86c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M042 HOO|&#x1e86d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M140 HO|&#x1e86e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M083 HEEI|&#x1e86f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E87x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M128 HOOU|&#x1e870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M053 HIN|&#x1e871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M130 HAN|&#x1e872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M087 HUN|&#x1e873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M052 HEN|&#x1e874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M193 HON|&#x1e875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M046 HUAN|&#x1e876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M090 NGGI|&#x1e877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M043 NGGA|&#x1e878;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M082 NGGU|&#x1e879;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M115 NGGEE|&#x1e87a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M146 NGGE|&#x1e87b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M156 NGGOO|&#x1e87c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M120 NGGO|&#x1e87d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M159 NGGAA|&#x1e87e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M127 NGGUA|&#x1e87f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E88x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M086 LONG NGGE|&#x1e880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M106 LONG NGGOO|&#x1e881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M183 LONG NGGO|&#x1e882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M155 GI|&#x1e883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M111 GA|&#x1e884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M168 GU|&#x1e885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M190 GEE|&#x1e886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M166 GUEI|&#x1e887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M167 GUAN|&#x1e888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M184 NGEN|&#x1e889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M057 NGON|&#x1e88a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M177 NGUAN|&#x1e88b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M068 PI|&#x1e88c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M099 PA|&#x1e88d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M050 PU|&#x1e88e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M081 PEE|&#x1e88f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E89x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M051 PE|&#x1e890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M102 POO|&#x1e891;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M066 PO|&#x1e892;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M145 MBI|&#x1e893;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M062 MBA|&#x1e894;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M122 MBU|&#x1e895;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M047 MBEE|&#x1e896;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M188 MBEE|&#x1e897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M072 MBE|&#x1e898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M172 MBOO|&#x1e899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M174 MBO|&#x1e89a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M187 MBUU|&#x1e89b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M161 LONG MBE|&#x1e89c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M105 LONG MBOO|&#x1e89d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M142 LONG MBO|&#x1e89e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M132 KPI|&#x1e89f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E8Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M092 KPA|&#x1e8a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M074 KPU|&#x1e8a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M044 KPEE|&#x1e8a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M108 KPE|&#x1e8a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M112 KPOO|&#x1e8a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M158 KPO|&#x1e8a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M124 GBI|&#x1e8a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M056 GBA|&#x1e8a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M148 GBU|&#x1e8a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M093 GBEE|&#x1e8a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M107 GBE|&#x1e8aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M071 GBOO|&#x1e8ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M070 GBO|&#x1e8ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M171 RA|&#x1e8ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M123 NDI|&#x1e8ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M129 NDA|&#x1e8af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E8Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M125 NDU|&#x1e8b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M191 NDEE|&#x1e8b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M119 NDE|&#x1e8b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M067 NDOO|&#x1e8b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M064 NDO|&#x1e8b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M152 NJA|&#x1e8b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M192 NJU|&#x1e8b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M149 NJEE|&#x1e8b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M134 NJOO|&#x1e8b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M182 VI|&#x1e8b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M185 VA|&#x1e8ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M151 VU|&#x1e8bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M173 VEE|&#x1e8bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M085 VE|&#x1e8bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M144 VOO|&#x1e8be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M077 VO|&#x1e8bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E8Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M164 NYIN|&#x1e8c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M058 NYAN|&#x1e8c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M170 NYUN|&#x1e8c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M098 NYEN|&#x1e8c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI SYLLABLE M060 NYON|&#x1e8c4;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT ONE|&#x1e8c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT TWO|&#x1e8c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT THREE|&#x1e8c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT FOUR|&#x1e8ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT FIVE|&#x1e8cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT SIX|&#x1e8cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1e8cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1e8ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI DIGIT NINE|&#x1e8cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E8Dx |style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI COMBINING NUMBER TEENS|&#x1e8d0;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI COMBINING NUMBER TENS|&#x1e8d1;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI COMBINING NUMBER HUNDREDS|&#x1e8d2;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI COMBINING NUMBER THOUSANDS|&#x1e8d3;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI COMBINING NUMBER TEN THOUSANDS|&#x1e8d4;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI COMBINING NUMBER HUNDRED THOUSANDS|&#x1e8d5;}}||style="background:#87abff;{{text default color}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MENDE KIKAKUI COMBINING NUMBER MILLIONS|&#x1e8d6;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E8Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E8Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Adlam''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E90x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER ALIF|&#x1e900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER DAALI|&#x1e901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER LAAM|&#x1e902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER MIIM|&#x1e903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER BA|&#x1e904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER SINNYIIYHE|&#x1e905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER PE|&#x1e906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER BHE|&#x1e907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER RA|&#x1e908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x1e909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER FA|&#x1e90a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x1e90b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x1e90c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER DHA|&#x1e90d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER YHE|&#x1e90e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER WAW|&#x1e90f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E91x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER NUN|&#x1e910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER KAF|&#x1e911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER YA|&#x1e912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x1e913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER JIIM|&#x1e914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER CHI|&#x1e915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER HA|&#x1e916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER QAAF|&#x1e917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER GA|&#x1e918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER NYA|&#x1e919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER TU|&#x1e91a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER NHA|&#x1e91b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER VA|&#x1e91c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER KHA|&#x1e91d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER GBE|&#x1e91e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER ZAL|&#x1e91f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E92x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER KPO|&#x1e920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CAPITAL LETTER SHA|&#x1e921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER ALIF|&#x1e922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER DAALI|&#x1e923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER LAAM|&#x1e924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER MIIM|&#x1e925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER BA|&#x1e926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER SINNYIIYHE|&#x1e927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER PE|&#x1e928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER BHE|&#x1e929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER RA|&#x1e92a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER E|&#x1e92b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER FA|&#x1e92c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER I|&#x1e92d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER O|&#x1e92e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER DHA|&#x1e92f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E93x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER YHE|&#x1e930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER WAW|&#x1e931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER NUN|&#x1e932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER KAF|&#x1e933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER YA|&#x1e934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER U|&#x1e935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER JIIM|&#x1e936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER CHI|&#x1e937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER HA|&#x1e938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER QAAF|&#x1e939;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER GA|&#x1e93a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER NYA|&#x1e93b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER TU|&#x1e93c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER NHA|&#x1e93d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER VA|&#x1e93e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER KHA|&#x1e93f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E94x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER GBE|&#x1e940;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER ZAL|&#x1e941;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER KPO|&#x1e942;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM SMALL LETTER SHA|&#x1e943;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM ALIF LENGTHENER|&#x1e944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM VOWEL LENGTHENER|&#x1e945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM GEMINATION MARK|&#x1e946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM HAMZA|&#x1e947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM CONSONANT MODIFIER|&#x1e948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM GEMINATE CONSONANT MODIFIER|&#x1e949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM NUKTA|&#x1e94a;}}||style="background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM NASALIZATION MARK|&#x1e94b;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E95x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT ZERO|&#x1e950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT ONE|&#x1e951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT TWO|&#x1e952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT THREE|&#x1e953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT FOUR|&#x1e954;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT FIVE|&#x1e955;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT SIX|&#x1e956;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1e957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1e958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM DIGIT NINE|&#x1e959;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM INITIAL EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x1e95e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADLAM INITIAL QUESTION MARK|&#x1e95f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''NKo Supplement''''' |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E96x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E97x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E98x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E99x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E9Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E9Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E9Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E9Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E9Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1E9Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EA9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EAAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EABx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EACx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EADx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EAEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EAFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Byblos'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EB9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EBAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EBBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EBCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EBDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EBEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EBFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Persian Siyaq Numbers''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Indic Siyaq Numbers''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC7x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ONE|&#x1ec71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWO|&#x1ec72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THREE|&#x1ec73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR|&#x1ec74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE|&#x1ec75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIX|&#x1ec76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN|&#x1ec77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT|&#x1ec78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINE|&#x1ec79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TEN|&#x1ec7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWENTY|&#x1ec7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THIRTY|&#x1ec7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FORTY|&#x1ec7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIFTY|&#x1ec7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIXTY|&#x1ec7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x1ec80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x1ec81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINETY|&#x1ec82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x1ec83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWO HUNDRED|&#x1ec84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THREE HUNDRED|&#x1ec85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED|&#x1ec86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE HUNDRED|&#x1ec87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIX HUNDRED|&#x1ec88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED|&#x1ec89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED|&#x1ec8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINE HUNDRED|&#x1ec8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#x1ec8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWO THOUSAND|&#x1ec8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THREE THOUSAND|&#x1ec8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR THOUSAND|&#x1ec8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EC9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE THOUSAND|&#x1ec90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIX THOUSAND|&#x1ec91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN THOUSAND|&#x1ec92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT THOUSAND|&#x1ec93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINE THOUSAND|&#x1ec94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TEN THOUSAND|&#x1ec95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWENTY THOUSAND|&#x1ec96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THIRTY THOUSAND|&#x1ec97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FORTY THOUSAND|&#x1ec98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIFTY THOUSAND|&#x1ec99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIXTY THOUSAND|&#x1ec9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVENTY THOUSAND|&#x1ec9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHTY THOUSAND|&#x1ec9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINETY THOUSAND|&#x1ec9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER LAKH|&#x1ec9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER LAKHAN|&#x1ec9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ECAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ LAKH MARK|&#x1eca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER KAROR|&#x1eca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER KARORAN|&#x1eca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED ONE|&#x1eca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED TWO|&#x1eca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED THREE|&#x1eca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED FOUR|&#x1eca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED FIVE|&#x1eca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED SIX|&#x1eca8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED SEVEN|&#x1eca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED EIGHT|&#x1ecaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER PREFIXED NINE|&#x1ecab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ PLACEHOLDER|&#x1ecac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&#x1ecad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ FRACTION ONE HALF|&#x1ecae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ FRACTION THREE QUARTERS|&#x1ecaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ECBx |style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ RUPEE MARK|&#x1ecb0;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ALTERNATE ONE|&#x1ecb1;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ALTERNATE TWO|&#x1ecb2;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ALTERNATE TEN THOUSAND|&#x1ecb3;}}||style="background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIC SIYAQ ALTERNATE LAKH MARK|&#x1ecb4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Diwani Siyaq Numbers''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ECCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ECDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ECEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ECFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Ottoman Siyaq Numbers''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED0x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER ONE|&#x1ed01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER TWO|&#x1ed02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER THREE|&#x1ed03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR|&#x1ed04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE|&#x1ed05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SIX|&#x1ed06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN|&#x1ed07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT|&#x1ed08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER NINE|&#x1ed09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER TEN|&#x1ed0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER TWENTY|&#x1ed0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER THIRTY|&#x1ed0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FORTY|&#x1ed0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FIFTY|&#x1ed0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SIXTY|&#x1ed0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x1ed10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x1ed11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER NINETY|&#x1ed12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#x1ed13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER TWO HUNDRED|&#x1ed14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER THREE HUNDRED|&#x1ed15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED|&#x1ed16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE HUNDRED|&#x1ed17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SIX HUNDRED|&#x1ed18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED|&#x1ed19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED|&#x1ed1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER NINE HUNDRED|&#x1ed1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#x1ed1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER TWO THOUSAND|&#x1ed1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER THREE THOUSAND|&#x1ed1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR THOUSAND|&#x1ed1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE THOUSAND|&#x1ed20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SIX THOUSAND|&#x1ed21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN THOUSAND|&#x1ed22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT THOUSAND|&#x1ed23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER NINE THOUSAND|&#x1ed24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER TEN THOUSAND|&#x1ed25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER TWENTY THOUSAND|&#x1ed26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER THIRTY THOUSAND|&#x1ed27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FORTY THOUSAND|&#x1ed28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER FIFTY THOUSAND|&#x1ed29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SIXTY THOUSAND|&#x1ed2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER SEVENTY THOUSAND|&#x1ed2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHTY THOUSAND|&#x1ed2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ NUMBER NINETY THOUSAND|&#x1ed2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ MARRATAN|&#x1ed2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER TWO|&#x1ed2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER THREE|&#x1ed30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER FOUR|&#x1ed31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER FIVE|&#x1ed32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER SIX|&#x1ed33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER SEVEN|&#x1ed34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER EIGHT|&#x1ed35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER NINE|&#x1ed36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER TEN|&#x1ed37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED|&#x1ed38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER SIX HUNDRED|&#x1ed39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER TWO THOUSAND|&#x1ed3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ ALTERNATE NUMBER TEN THOUSAND|&#x1ed3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ FRACTION ONE HALF|&#x1ed3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OTTOMAN SIYAQ FRACTION ONE SIXTH|&#x1ed3d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1ED9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EDAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EDBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EDCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EDDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EDEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EDFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.1}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EE0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL ALEF|&#x1ee00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL BEH|&#x1ee01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL JEEM|&#x1ee02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL DAL|&#x1ee03;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL WAW|&#x1ee05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL ZAIN|&#x1ee06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL HAH|&#x1ee07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL TAH|&#x1ee08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL YEH|&#x1ee09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL KAF|&#x1ee0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL LAM|&#x1ee0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL MEEM|&#x1ee0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL NOON|&#x1ee0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL SEEN|&#x1ee0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MATHEMATICAL AIN|&#x1ee0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.1}};{{text default 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!style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EF4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EF5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EF6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EF7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- 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|&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EFCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EFDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EFEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1EFFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} 0hti360iylp6rbrhbits1ibdpkm1wl0 0 278993 4680723 3372425 2026-11-07T18:23:41Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4680723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Development Cooperation Handbook/In Action: steps and tools}} Cost is one of [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/The 9 Topic Areas Of Project Management Knowledge|the 9 topic areas]] of project management knowledge.<br /> Limited financial resources is the one constraint of any project. Costs include the people and equipment who do the work, the materials they use, and all the other events and issues that require money or someone's time in a project. The project team has to organize the work in order to maintain the actions within the budget available. In project management there are various tools and procedures that help managing costs, like Cost Estimating, Budgeting, Cost and Schedule Control System, Cost Analysis. [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Project Execution and Control|Project Execution and control]] Task of the Project Cost Management is to describe and execute all those "processes involved in planning, estimating, budgeting, and controlling costs so that the project can be completed within the approved budget" (comp. PMBOK3, p.&nbsp;157). == Processes, phases and tool == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Project Processes !! Project Phase !! Key Deliverables |- | Cost Estimating, Cost Budgetting || [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Detailed Planning or design stage|Detailed Planning or design stage]]|| Example |- | [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Project Execution and Control/Control and Manage Costs|Control and Manage Costs Established in the Project Budget]] || [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Project Execution and Control|Project Execution and Control]] || Example |} == See also == * in other sections of this handbook ** [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Detailed Planning or design stage|Project planning phase]] ** [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Project Execution and Control|Project Execution and control]] * on Wikipedia :[[File:600X WIKIPEDIA LOGO.svg|14px]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_cost_management Project cost management] * on other Wikibooks :[[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|14px|Wikibooks]] [[Project Management/PMBOK/Cost Management|Cost Management]] {{BookCat}} ofef2r1vqm6eaqu7t5ym9h20w53337o 0 286123 4680694 4680375 2026-11-07T16:18:08Z Jeff1138 301139 4680694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ArosNav}} [[#Native]] [[#Hosted]] [[#Build]] [[#Hardware]] [[#References]] [[#Future]] ==Introduction== [[File:Wanderer00.png|thumb|Wanderer on Aros Pi3b]] [[File:Scalos00.png|thumb|Scalos on Aros Pi3b]] [[File:DOpus5Magellan00.png|thumb|DOpus5 Magellan on Aros Pi3b]] Aros aims to cover Pi 3 to 5 512Mb+ RAM Options to boot from using a good power source to prevent the yellow lightning symbol. *With Pi3b+ the max you can get is 5.1V 2.5A with micro usb. *With Pi4 5.1V 3A with usb-c *With Pi5 5.1V 5A, the amps went ever upwards, even to 5.1V 9A with usb-c * Pi500+ keyboard wedge - working but not much tested esp [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/48e9c8edcca4b5c1e1fe0b1123f2129f624af67b power button] * Pi500 wedge with up to date bootloader via PiOS - working but not much testing esp [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/48e9c8edcca4b5c1e1fe0b1123f2129f624af67b power button] * Pi 5 - Quad A76 64bit ARMv8 and RP1 "southbridge" with VideoCore 7 D0 (rev1.1) - untested * Pi 5 - Quad A76 64bit ARMv8 and RP1 "southbridge" with VideoCore 7 Pre-D0 C1 (Rev1.0) - untested * Pi400 RPI-400 keyboard wedge - resolution changing and audio from micro hdmi0 (near 40pin) and micro hdmi1 (near usb-c psu) - Fn F10 0x5e power on and off works or held down for over 7 seconds auto shutdown - keyboard ok - wifi and lan ethernet testing - * Pi 4 - Quad A72 64bit ARMv8 with VideoCore 6 * Pi 3 - Quad A53 [https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/processors.html 64 bit] ARMv8 with VideoCore 4 with '''fan''' to prevent overheating cpu 82C+ throttling * Pi02W - Quad A53 64bit - boots but [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?p=2387984#p2387984 usb not working but did in the past], * Pi 2 - Quad 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - mostly not 64bit compatible * Pi Model B+ 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - not 64bit compatible * Pi Model A and B 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - not 64bit compatible ===Native=== * 2013-03 Kalamatee starts work * 2015-04 Work continues with mschulz on the kernel and Kalamatee (NicJA) on gpio and usb * 2018 [https://www.patreon.com/posts/i-owe-you-some-20956961 mschulz resume adding BE big endian support], [https://www.patreon.com/michal_schulz/posts Big endian on Pi] * 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=bsek latest commits for pi 3b, 4 and 5 64bit] * 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=metaneutrons latest commits for Pi5] * 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=bitplane latest commits for ARM] ====64bit==== '''Download''' A [https://archive.org/details/piAROS Pi Distribution (Distro) has started] and the contents copied to fat32 8GB+ microSD card (there will be drawers/folders - boot c Classes Demos Developer Devs Extras etc only showing). The SD can be plugged in to the Pi. And power on. [https://pi.amiga.icu/ Repository] '''Not recommended''' but [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html RaspberryPi 3, 3+, 4 and 5 64bit ArmV8 nightly builds] [https://sourceforge.net/projects/aros/files/ and alternative site and nightly2] which is a test version of '''very few''' apps with both raspi-aarch64-system and raspi-aarch64-contrib can be unbz2'd to a SD or SSD as appropriate. 64bit build works well on a single core LE little endian. [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html raspi-aarch64-smp-system multicore is available] [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/1df0747c2bda3523a43029725a709b1f377d84ec]. Any issues booting could be down to the SD card so please use another SD to see if it is resolved. Remember Aros Arm uses FAT32 and Aros can detect issues with this format very acutely (once fault found, FAT 0x0FFFFFF7 bad cluster so no files written after that, no repair). Please report your experiences in the [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2138&pid=15057#post_15057 Aros forum thread], [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewforum.php?f=179 Raspberry Pi Aros Dev and User forums], [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?p=2387984#p2387984 previous Raspberry Pi forum thread]. Any bugs or issues can be [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/issues described here to fix] *Pi500+ untested usb3 booting or nvme ssd *Pi500 untested usb3 booting *Pi5 untested usb3 booting *Pi400 boots with '''USB3''' port based sata3 ssd *Pi4 untested (may need eeprom update from PiOS or Pi SD Imager) *Pi 3 B+ is pre-configured for USB sata3 boot - untested *Pi 3 B may need [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubnwvxF3Klc PiOS to set OTP to boot from usb - do so at your own risk] - if OTP set to usb, boot works but slower than SD card Speed write wise (top faster) <pre> *NVME Pi5 untested >1000MB/sec or faster if matched correctly *Sata3 ssd 500MB/sec *SD V90 90MB/sec 4K maybe 8K *SD V60 60MB/sec 1080p *SD U3 V30 30MB/sec 720p *SD C10 U1 V10 A1 A2 10MB/sec minimum should be used now *SD C06 6MB/sec *SD C04 4MB/sec </pre> As a homage to the past, Aros shows a reduced number of icons but this can be changed by left mouse click in the window and then right click down to Window -> View -> All files Windows can be manipulated by the top (moving) and the bottom right corner (resizing) only. Zune like MUI gui interface, has a unique quirk in that after changing a setting in a text box, you may sometimes need to press Enter/Return before clicking OK, Save, etc Double left mouse click on most picture (Developer/Debug/Tests/Datatypes), audio and video files are supported, via datatypes, by the multiview application. Esc escape key usually closes open windows even the desktop In Prefs/Appearance some decorative theming elements need work. There is a few Mason icons in /Prefs/Presets/Icons/Mason/ and the ever present default Gorilla - Icon exchange in works For more intensive graphics applications, you may need to edit config.txt in the root folder and change 128M to 256M to adjust more memory to graphics usage If your cursor should '''appear''' to vanish, fear not it is still there. Please head to the top of the screen i.e. the title bar, hold down the left click mouse and drag the screen down a little and the cursor will appear again. Then you can drag the screen up again. Like most amiga like OSs the audio and networking need to be setup manually Audio AHI prefs - Mode settings tab - needs both Music unit and Unit 0 set to RPiHDMI:16 bit stereo++ or RPiPWM:16 bit stereo++ at 44100Hz. Press '''Save or Use''' button after each choice For wireless, please use the Wifi prefs and already selected device bwfm.device. Press Scan and double right click on the router and enter password. You may need to setup after every power off *if asking for password again - press cancel and go to Network Prefs, Wireless Networks tab and highlight the router line and hit the remove button and press the cancel button. Retry with Wifi prefs again *...waiting for an address - Disconnect and try Connect Until, Connected to <router> - 192.168.x.x For lan ethernet port, please use Network prefs and the following hardware is *lan9514 Pi3b Pi2 not supported at the moment *lan7515 Pi3b+ type into Device usblan78xx.device as net0: remove other device(s) *bcmgenet Pi4 Pi400 choose for Device bcmgenet.device *cdnsgem Pi5 Pi500 Pi500+ RP1 i/o for cadencegem (network prefs may forget random information when rebooted) Summary <pre> ̽*Pi3a̹+ wifi works, *Pi3b ethernet not supported, usb ethernet not working but wifi prefs setup works *Pi3b+ wifi working and ethernet works *Pi4 untested *Pi400 wifi and ethernet untested *Pi5 wifi and ethernet untested *Pi500 wifi and ethernet untested *Pi500+ wifi works </pre> Type in 'aarch64' in the [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=search&tool=simple search box] and you will see available software packages / apps. apkg can be used to inspect and install applications. [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser amelinium web browser] (JS 1.6 ES9 ECMASCript 2018) is available with an [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=122494&page=88 eab thread] reminiscent of [https://github.com/zapek/Voyager Voyager] and to a lesser extent [https://github.com/amigazen/aweb3/ Aweb] JavaScript 1.5 (ECMAScript 3) as css and javascript websites can be slow to load or resolve (no JIT). Press Cancel at screenmode selector or -wb argument to get windowed version. You could use the Shift + Del shortcut or mouse wheel should work to delete all text at once. Html5test gives 189 (1.29), 300 (1.31), 301 (1.39), 316 (1.59) out of 555. You may have to delete the cache (Menu -> Page -> Delete cache) to fully retest big Amelinium updates or free up space. Be aware [https://pianetaamiga.it/en/reportage-pianeta-amiga-2026/ some site pages] can use up hundreds of MBs of cache very quickly DNS lookup failed... try other websites a few times but then reboot Aros and setup wifi again - repeat until it works again youtube video and audio - js button for javascript must be on/shaded - Settings -> Soundoutput - AHI Any restriction to lower resolutions is due to [https://docs.invidious.io/faq/#q-where-are-the-360p480p1080p-quality-options bandwidth]. Either CPU/GPU, internet speed and/or video quality. Pi3 can expect up to 480p (wifi) and up to 720p (ethernet). Pi4 expect (wifi) (ethernet). If no separate audio stream error - set settings -> Video quality to 360p or lower as Youtube has a fallback mode at that level Keep youtube length playback to under 2 hours https://t.me/s/channel_name for Telegram public messages from [https://t.me/s/AROS_official AROS_official] [https://t.me/s/vamped_amiga vamped_amiga] [https://t.me/s/demoscenecracktros demoscenecracktros] *art local js apps like dpaint.js There is normally no Bluetooth support for most amiga like OSs but that has changed recently [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/6942cbfbf66426d21963a7fcd8aba6aff611a9e0 work in progress] [https://github.com/RPi-Distro/bluez-firmware/tree/pios/trixie/debian/firmware/broadcom firmware] *Bluetooth 4.1 BCM43430A1.hcd Pi3B, Pi3A, Zero 2W *Bluetooth 4.2 BCM4345C0.hcd Pi3B+, Pi4 *Bluetooth 5.0 BCM4345C5.hcd Pi4B rev, CM4 and maybe Pi5 and CM5 <pre> *bthid keyboard mouse support *btserial serial *btpan short range wireless connecting devices </pre> Only the Pi5 has a RTC real time clock, the other Pis will need to use ntp services [https://github.com/tomaszstaniak/aros-dockbar dockbar has it built in and works automatically when connected to internet] [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/29cd4116330dc7f692d90757eacc59fb3f31ae70 sntp] with time.cloudflare.com pool.ntp.org or Cloudflare 162.159.200.1, 162.159.200.123, 2606:4700:f1::1, 2606:4700:f1::123 or [https://github.com/bohunamiga/PiNTP PiNTP -s goodtime.ijs.si or ntp1.ptb.de] to get the date and time from the internet. Can use date in a shell e.g. date 24-Dec-2026 23:59:59 but this will need to be done again after every reset/power off. Maybe hardware [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/28674a157bc56175aa668e7b62dca6fa740578dc ds3231 rtc] with dtoverlay=i2c-rtc,ds3231 in config.txt It helps to have all usb devices already plugged in before power on to detect at the moment. Even then some usb devices will freeze the mouse cursor and the only resolution is to remove the offending usb device and reinsert. Sometimes, the reinsert leads to the mouse cursor vanishing, it is still there and responds to left mouse clicks, top of the screen and pull down the screen. USB classes support from Prefs/Trident is still work in process *usbaudio working on usb3 port (blue) on pi4, 400 but not working (no rt isochronous) on usb2otg (white or black) for pi3b, zero 2w *[https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/camd camdusbmidi] detects midi devices without a preferences file (Prefs/Env-Archive/sys/midi.prefs) as [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBxHkwy4Nrw auto setup now] possibly with [https://github.com/metaneutrons/mt32-pi metaneutrons mt32-pi] [https://github.com/rtzor/mt32-pi mt32-pi fork] [https://github.com/ahmadexp/mt32-pi fork] [https://github.com/gmcn42/mt32-pi-control control of] [https://github.com/dwhinham/mt32-pi mt32-pi pi3+]. Alternative of [https://homspace.nl/samplerbox/ SamplerBox]. Will need developer clang gcc tools to look at 64bit ports of [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=driver/audio/usbmidi.i386-aros.lha usbmidi], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/CAMD_Toolkit CAMD_Toolkit], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/camdtools camdtools], [https://github.com/cnvogelg/amiditools amiditools], [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos horny src], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/horny-base horny-base], [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/index.html BnP], [https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=audio/misc/timidity.lha timidity], Regarding 680x0 emulation, there are several options that could be considered but most not fully implemented *[https://github.com/kaffeine1/kaffeine kaffeine] m68k jit emu with Amiga system OS fɹiendly calls going to Aros ones *[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/blob/6722a0ae9e03fe5d26e32703360bd2059e0864cc/rom/m68kemu/README.md?plain=1#L424 m68kemu.library] for some Amiga productivity where the cpu is emulated and the system calls are redirected to Aros ones *[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amiberry amiberry] (winuae) for everything else like games *[https://github.com/jonx/AROS/tree/aarch64-darwin-graft/arch/all-darwin/libs/emu68k emu68k] *[https://scriptedamigaemulator.net/ Scripted Amiga] with [https://github.com/naTmeg/ScriptedAmigaEmulator ScriptedAmigaEmulator] or older [https://github.com/gbraad-amiga/ScriptedAmigaEmulator2 ScriptedAmigaEmulator2] [https://pinout.xyz/ GPIO 40 pins] [https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/raspberry-gpio/gpio-pinout pinout] Some exceptions: *Physical pins 27, 28 (GPIO0, 1) are an internal I2C bus and should not be used *The other I2C on pins 3, 5 (GPIO 2, 3) can be used generally, but be aware they have permanent pull-up resistors to 3.3V *For MIDI use USB but there are dedicated UART pins 8, 10 (GPIO 14, 15). With a HAT it's more awkward -- you need to know which pins are used by the HAT and avoid them. Hopefully this will be documented. Remember all GPIOs are 3.3V (not 5V tolerant), floating/noisy inputs can cause odd behavior, and that shorting the power supplies can cause instant death of the Pi. In the shell (Cntrl + C to end) GPIO PIN/A/N,SET/N,GET/S,MODE/K,PULL/K Controls and queries hardware GPIO pins via gpio.resource which is stored in the rom or Devs/ '''please test''' *PIN -- (Required) Target GPIO pin number (e.g. 12). *SET -- Set pin output value to 0 (LOW) or 1 (HIGH). *GET -- Read and print current digital input level (0 or 1). *MODE -- Configure pin mode: IN (Input), OUT (Output), ALT (Alternate). *PULL -- Configure pull resistor: NONE, UP, DOWN. EXAMPLES <pre> GPIO 12 MODE OUT GPIO 12 SET 1 GPIO 12 GET GPIO 13 PULL UP </pre> [https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io/en/stable/installing.html Current] [https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io/en/v1.2.0/api_boards.html old support for gpiozero is unknown at present] [https://energenie4u.co.uk/res/pdfs/ENER314%20UM.pdf and associated 433MHz equipment] [ USA X10 security and lights via USB] [ OpenHab with Shelly Smart Plug connected over Wi-Fi, controlled by MQTT or HTTP] Printing only with Postscript, GutenPrint (in Aros Ports) and [https://github.com/bohunamiga/MintPRINT one] of [https://github.com/boingball/MintPRINT two] [https://github.com/Andiweli/AmiAirPrint/tree/main AirPrint] [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/89f590b72115e468b1dd4d9bfa07c081a178ca59 IPP.device] has been attempted with [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2061&pid=13954#post_13954 discussion] Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dZwGkUKAmA Pi3A̟+ (plus) with smp build and PiAROS], [], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4fmWAIv7FE Aros native on Pi3b], [], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSxlYb1eQWU Installed on Pi3b+], [], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFF1H3jCoz8 testing Aros native on Pi400], [], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIVx7mh1E1Q&pp=ygUHYXJvcyBwadIHCQkTDAGHKiGM7w%3D%3D Aros on Thumb 2 based 32bit-ish ARM STM32H743 board], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQM4CD64xDE&t=612s&pp=ugUEEgJlbg%3D%3D Performance under Linux] but on Aros... {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Pi ! width="10%" |Single Core 2D ! width="10%" |Single Core 3D ! width="10%" |Single Core 3D ! width="10%" |SMP 2D ! width="10%" |SMP 3D ! width="10%" |SMP 3D ! width="35%" |Comments |- | <!--Pi-->Pi3 | <!--Single Core 2D--> | <!--Single Core 3D--> | <!--Single Core 3D--> | <!--SMP 2D--> | <!--SMP 3D--> | <!--SMP 3D--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} ==== 32bit ==== For the Pi1 Pi2 Pi2B the status of AROS native ARMv6 for 32bit RasPi was OK. System booting, USB working (although with some issues but plans to fix them). 32bit native [http://www.aros.org/nightly1.html ARMv6 32bit nightlys] raspi-armhf-system raspi-armhf-contrib unbz2'd to fat32 microSD ===Hosted=== AArch64 CPU backend for AROS, a Cocoa/Metal display, clipboard / host-volume / CoreAudio / BSD-sockets bridges, GPU 2D via gpufx.library, a 68k→AArch64 JIT (run68k), and a full Rust std port. On [https://www.jkn.me/blog/macaros-aros-on-apple-silicon/ latest Apple Silicon Macs] [https://github.com/jonx/Macaros early alpha version of hosted Aros .dmg on MacOS12+]. Please use [https://github.com/jonx/Macaros/issues MACAros github] for issues, features etc and possibly [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2030&pid=13910#post_13910 here] with [https://github.com/pomaros pomaros]. There is a [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2076&highlight=jonx&pid=14193#post_14193 work in progress native Mac Apple silicon M1 M2 M3 version] [http://www.aros.org/snapshots1.html old linux and android hosted 32bit] ==== Hosted ==== =====64bit===== [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2019&rowstart=80&pid=13667#post_13667 Ubuntu Linux PC hosted Pi compiler build] [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/aros-compiler-docker Docker based cross compiler for various Aros systems], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2019&rowstart=80 From the Aros Raspberry pi 3 64bit thread] Instructions on building 64-bit Raspberry Pi AROS and cross-compiler from sources. You will need: - Ubuntu 24.04 or 26.04 - qemu-system-aarch64 installed - Internet connection - rpi-scripts.tar.gz downloaded (https://axrt.org/download/aros/rpi/rpi-scripts.tar.gz) 1) Install prerequisites: sudo apt install git gcc g++ make gawk bison flex bzip2 netpbm autoconf automake libc6-dev liblzo2-dev libpng-dev gcc-multilib byacc python3-mako cmake yasm curl nasm 2) Clone sources cd <project-directory> git clone https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS.git --recurse-submodules 3) Extract rpi-scripts.tar.gz. Copy all files into your project directory so that you have: AROS (the directory with cloned sources) fix-dotdot.py rebuild.sh recreate-sdcard.sh run-qemu.sh update-sdcard.sh 4) Run ./rebuild.sh. Select option 1) toolchain-core-aarch64 This will execute process of building a cross-compiler. During this process packages will be downloaded from Internet. This process can take up to 2 hours. If there are some missing dependencies, install them with 'sudo apt install' and restart this step. 5) Run ./rebuild.sh again. Select option 2) core-raspi-aarch64 This will build system files for 64-bit Raspberry Pi AROS. This process can take around an hour. 6) Run ./recreate-sdcard.sh This will create an sdcard.img file with contents of previous step. 7) Run ./run-qemu.sh This will start QEMU with SD card image and ROM images. It will boot into AROS. =====32bit===== Ubuntu VM approach to compiling [http://lallafa.de/blog/2013/06/building-aros-hosted-for-raspbian/ Linux hosted AROS June 04, 2013] ../AROS/configure --target=linux-armhf --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include --x-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include --x-libraries=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib arm-elf- is symbol-linked to arm-linux-gnueabi- (arm-linux-gnueabi- is more correct in this case, because it's going to be compiling the ARM AROSBootstrap for ARM Linux) *armel - many of the "android" machines require since the entire OS is made for soft float VFP. *armfp - Efika MX target, Raspberry PI, EfikaMX, Pandora and virtually everything (VFP) Keep in mind it's possible to start hardfp AROS hosted on softfp system, though, as long as no calls between AROS and host require floating point parameters. NOTE: hardfloat objects *cannot* be linked with softfloat objects - they have a different ABI. Just keep in mind the arm nightly build machine is quite complex beast. It needs the x86_64 host compiler to compile AROS tools. The arm version is built every night using gcc-4.6.2 crosscompiler (built together with AROS) and successfully builds armel and armhf linux hosted targets. *needs an AROS code compiler for ARM target *as well as unix compiler for ARM linux host (would be best to have both softfp and armhf, we have softfp only now) with full set of libraries and includes. with—disable-crosstools $AROS_CC is always a wrapper around $KERNEL_CC ? If so, this is wrong for some ports. This can break Darwin, Windows and Android port. Yes, Android port will build. And even work. But it's not good because the port will not be ABI-compatible with other ARM ports. Android's ABI is different from GNUEABI. For example: <pre> enum test {foo, bar}; enum test testvar; </pre> sizeof(testvar) will be equal to sizeof(int) in GNUEABI (Linux and AROS) and sizeof(short) on Android. This affects linking objects from static linklibs, for example. Previously everything worked because $AROS_CC was a wrapper on top of $HOST_CC. And a real crosscompiler was used on non-ELF hosts. Android is the same. $KERNEL_CC is incompatible with AROS. compiler=kernel is appropriate _ONLY FOR CODE WHICH RUNS ON HOST OS_ (or barebone hardware, if we talk about native). This includes bootstraps, their linklibs, and host-side dynamic libraries (Windows makes extensive use of them because of architectural considerations. No single AROS object should be compiled with this setting. $KERNEL_CC is really compatible with AROS *ONLY IN LINUX-HOSTED* and no more. On other systems (Darwin, Windows, Android) this is not true any more, and compiler=kernel is never going to work. If you want to compile your AROS module against host OS includes, append the following to USER_INCLUDES (or USER_CFLAGS, this is effectively the same): -isystem $(GENINCDIR) $(KERNEL_INCLUDES) $(KERNEL_INCLUDES) expands to: -isystem <your_os_includes> -isystem <host_OS_gcc_private_includes> -nostdinc This makes AROS compiler adhering to host OS APIs. If you want some preprocessor symbols based on what your host OS actually is, add something like -DHOST_OS_$(AROS_HOST_ARCH). Why is there $(GENINCDIR) at all? Because host OS has its own libc includes, which would conflict with AROS ones. And the host OS libc is not binary-compatible with AROS one. Why doesn't Windows-hosted port use $(KERNEL_INCLUDES) ? Because WinAPI includes conflict with AROS ones in fundamental typedefs, like WORD, BYTE and BOOL. It's almost impossible to deal with this in any other way than rewriting WinAPI definitions using AROS types. Building under centos 6.3 (i386) currently, and AROS creates the toolchain itself. haven't yet committed the necessary changes but "./configure --target=raspi-armhf" is enough to start, then "make arosboot-raspi" will generate arosraspi.img (containing the bootstrap, kernel.resource, and exec.library) as well as arosraspi.rom (containing all the other essentials components such as dos, graphics etc). It will also copy over a config.txt file to make the raspi bootstrap code load the correct kernel, and a cmdline.txt that enables exec debug output. *armel = typically Debian 6, Ubuntu Maverick, Android, *armhf = typically Debian 7, Debian 8, Ubuntu Precise, Cross-compiling Ubuntu ARM softfp <pre> sudo sh echo 'foreign-architecture armel' >>/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch echo 'deb [arch=armel] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ precise main universe' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/armel.list apt-get update apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi libx11-dev:armel libsdl-dev:armel </pre> <pre> ./configure --target=linux-arm --x-includes=/usr/include \ --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/include </pre> Cross-compiling Ubuntu ARM hard-float <pre> sudo sh echo 'foreign-architecture armhf' >>/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch echo 'deb [arch=armhf] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ precise main universe' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/armhf.list apt-get update apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf libx11-dev:armhf libsdl-dev:armhf </pre> <pre> ./configure --target=linux-armhf --x-includes=/usr/include \ --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include </pre> Now, the AROS build is configured properly and all you need to do is: make ==Build== ===64bit=== [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/blob/7016ce28bfdb754182edb16011c98faaf5413c29/arch/aarch64-raspi/boot/mmakefile.src#L180 boot makefile] ===32bit=== # download/checkout the source someplace, e.g. /build/AROS-Src/ # make a directory to store external sources AROS downloads, e.g. /build/Ports # make a build directory, e.g. /build/aros-raspi-armhf # cd into the build dir, configure, and then run make -: <pre> >cd /build/aros-raspi-armhf >/build/AROS-Src/configure --target=raspberrypi-armhf --with-serial-debug --enable-ccache --with-portssources=/build/Ports >make >make arosboot-raspi </pre> then copy the files from /build/aros-raspi-armhf/bin/raspi-armhf/AROS/ onto an sdcard, and download/copy the Raspi firmware files onto it. You should then be able to boot the sdcard on your RasPi. The current W.I.P tree to svn. it can be built as follows .. <pre> ./configure --target=raspi-armhf make arosboot-raspi </pre> That will generate arosraspi.img, arosraspi.rom and config.txt in bin/raspi-arm/AROS - so either copy just those files to a fat formatted SD card (with the firmware files on), or copy the whole contents of the AROS folder. NB - if you have a Linux/other install, backup the existing config.txt first arosraspi.img contains the bootstrap (which has very basic mailbox code, framebuffer/gpio init, and console "emulation" via code pinched from our libbootconsole), kernel.resource, and exec.library arosraspi.rom contains all the other components needed to boot AROS. The config.txt file will tell the RasPI bootstrap to load the arosraspi kernel and ramdisk (rom). the bootstrap has minimal mailbox code, planning on adding either a resource or library that driver/app code will use to access it (likewise for GPIO) Help building AROS hosted on Linux ARM Was looking a way to use more my Handheld ARM based called Pyra (Dragonbox Pyra) an ARM (Omap5 cpu with 4GB ram) linux based machine (Debian Buster v10 with kernel 5.6.19 adapted) and have a try to compile the latest Aros sources by Deadwood directly on this device. Compilation stops after build libpopupmenu.a and trying to build libatomic have this error: <pre> Configuring build in bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --disable-nls, --without-x checking for --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs... no checking for --enable-generated-files-in-srcdir... no checking build system type... arm-unknown-linux-gnu checking host system type... arm-unknown-aros checking target system type... arm-unknown-aros checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for arm-aros-strip... /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-strip checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p checking for gawk... no checking for mawk... mawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking whether make supports nested variables... yes checking for arm-aros-gcc... /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-gcc checking whether the C compiler works... no configure: error: in /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic': configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables See config.log' for more details make[2]: *** [mmakefile:4489: /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic/.configured] Error 77 [MMAKE] make --no-print-directory TOP=/media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build SRCDIR=/media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/AROS CURDIR=tools/crosstools/gnu TARGET=tools-crosstools-gcc-libatomic-configure -s --file=mmakefile tools-crosstools-gcc-libatomic-configure failed: 512 [MMAKE] Error: Error while running make in tools/crosstools/gnu: No such file or directory make[1]: *** [Makefile:361: linklibs-libatomic] Error 10 make: *** [Makefile:183: crosstools] Error 2 </pre> looking at config.log on arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic found that arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-ld: cannot find -laeabi so do make linklibs-aeabi-arm-quick and the missing lib was built. now the next stop is at fatal error: bits/libc-header-start.h: No such file or directory and fatal error: sys/cdefs.h: No such file or directory in many places so after checking that have this missing include files i have noted that my include path is a bit different, standard searching path is /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf but in my system is /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf so if i add my path to some mmakefiles compilation goes on....but is a better way to add this path to avoid every mmakefiles to be changed? fixed with adding -I/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf to where is missing on mmakefiles like USER_INCLUDES := -isystem $(GENINCDIR) -I/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf $(KERNEL_INCLUDES) P.s. I have changed many mmakefiles and have at least compiled (after many hours) the toolchain doing make every time in arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build (also have to disable making tests under cplusplus but don't remember the directory ...) but ask an help to have an automated way to correctly build without modify mmakefiles. Last time built armhf target was around 2 years ago. At that point built is via cross-compilation from linux (ubuntu 22.04) using linux armhf crosscompiler (this can explain the path differences you are experiencing) as well as using AROS gcc cross-compiler in version 6.5.0 (build with option 21) in rebuild.sh). Since then AROS GCC has been updated to 10.5.0 and don't believe anyone tried to build the armhf target again. My suggestion would be to downgrade GCC to 6.5.0 (via editing AROS/config/gcc_def file) and try to first build using cross-compilation from x86_64 linux. Once that works, you will have a "template" to compare to native compilation under arm linux. Thanks for your suggestion...but think the toolchain with GCC 10.5.0 is compilable if i found a way to pass the path of my system to the script that build (option 21 on rebuild). The other only changes are (but don't know where to modify...) is to add the build of libaeabi and disable the building of some tests under cplusplus that use exceptions and is not supported under ARM. try to crosscompile with my Linux amd64 PC. For paths look into core-linux-armhf/bin/linux-armhf/gen/config/target.cfg. A number of build-wide variable is set there containing paths to local build system. These variables and the target.cfg file are generated by AROS ./configure script. Thanks compilation now go forward...changed target.cfg under "toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/config" and do make on "toolchain-core-armhf-build" dir. Need to find where to enable build libaeabi.a so can build the entire toolchain with option 21 of rebuild.sh Found something that looks like libeabi in AROS/arm-all/arm-aeabi/mmakefile.src. Try adding a third line there: #MM- linklibs-armhd : libklibs-aeabi-arm Don't remember needing this library. Possibly the 6.5.0 GCC somehow does this while 10.5.0 is missing this. Try adding this line (and the variant "linklibs-armhf" instead of hd) but it did not solve the automatic building of the missing lib. I must do "linklibs-aeabi-arm-quick". Anyway after have build the aeabi lib i succefully built the toolchain (after many hours...). Smile To test I restarted from selecting option 21 (on rebuild.sh) but after many hours i get the same error of the kernel includes not found...maybe i need to modify the configure script for my case. With the toolchain built i try to build the core-linux-armhf (DEBUG) (option 22) but after a while it stopped with "cannot find -laeabi " so i made it built manually...and now i can continue compiling...i'll let you know if all goes ok. == Hardware == ===64bit=== ====BCM2712==== With the Pi5 Broadcom VideoCore 7 vc7 is an integrated GPU with 12 cores and up to 800 MHz clock. VideoCore VII is capable of OpenGL ES 3.1 and Vulkan 1.2. The driver support for the Raspberry Pi continues to build upon the [https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20230928114532.167854-1-itoral@igalia.com/ open-source V3D driver] stack within [https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/merge_requests/25450 Mesa] hopefully be merged for Mesa 23.3. x265 HEVC accelerated untested, x264/h.264 and VP9 cpu only. *Raspberry Pi M.2 HAT+ Expansion Board *Geekworm X1001 PCIe to M.2 Key-M NVMe *Geekworm X1003 PCIe to M.2 HAT NVMe SSD PIP Board for Raspberry Pi 5 *Pineboards Pi Hut HatDrive! M.2 HAT 2024/V4 *Hat+ Gen2 Gen3 Nvme *GeeekPi 52Pi N04 for Raspberry Pi 5 NVME M.2 * *2024 RPI AI HAT - Hailo 20TOPs no LLMs *2026 RPI AI HAT+ 2 - Hailo 40TOPs slightly better? [https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html Cameras for Pi] *Raspberry Pi camera module, the V3 with Sony IMX708 back-illuminated CMOS 12 Megapixel sensor *Raspberry Pi Camera Module V2 – 8MP Sony IMX219 Sensor *Raspberry Pi camera Rev 1.3, 5MP 1080P OV5647 image/video module, 2592 x 1944 pixels H.265 / HEVC decoder is a HEVCv2 Main 4:4:4 10 design supporting bitstreams up to profile 5.1 HEVC hardware decode supports 4kp60, 10-bit. Audio output is pretty much unchanged, but the HDMI audio channels now support 8x192kHz bitrates ====BCM2711==== With the Pi4 an ARM a72 cpu is about x3 times the size of an a53 in the Pi3 the 2711b line used more power when idle, compared to the 2711c *2018 Raspberry Pi PoE HAT Power Over Ethernet Hat - design issues *2020 Raspberry Pi PoE+ HAT Power Over Ethernet Hat Pi3b+ Pi4 only - better design *Waveshare PoE HAT (B) with cooling fan for Raspberry Pi 3B+/4B 802.3af PoE *[https://github.com/axizo-pi/V3DLib vc6 V3D 4.2] is derived from [https://docs.broadcom.com/doc/12358545 vc4], but it is [https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/v3d.html significantly different] The QPU pipeline stays mostly the same, you still have an add ALU and a multiply ALU and it can issue two ALU OPs per cycle. There is still 4 SIMD lanes, interleaved over 4 cycles. The instruction encoding for the QPUs is different, but the core instructions are the same. Instructions for packed 8 bit int math has been dropped, along with most of the pack modes. Instructions for packed 16bit float math has been added (2 floats at in a single operation) With vc5/vc6, you write two packed 16f value to the tilebuffer (or four writes of 32f, if you are using the rgba32f framebuffer). And there is a handy vfpack operation which allows you to pack two f32s into a single 32bit value in a single instruction. You can vfpack directly into the tile buffer register. the multiply ALU can now fadd, so you can issue two fadds per instruction. the add ALU has gained a bunch of new instructions the A and B register files have been merged. You still only get an A read and a B read per instruction, but they read from one big register file (which means the underlying memory block has gone from two sets of "one read port, one write port" to one "two read ports, one write port" block) The theoretical max FLOPs per QPU remains the same at two per cycle, other than the bump from 400mhz to 500mhx but it looks like a lot of effort has been put putting those theoretical FLOPs to better use. *vc4 could run one or two threads per QPU. When you ran in two thread mode, the available register file halfed to 32 registers. *vc5 added a four thread per QPU mode, with 16 registers per thread. *vc6 doubled the size of the register file. You could now use all 64 threads in two thread mode and 32 registers in for thread mode. Single thread mode was removed, you always have at least two threads. With the threading improvements, the QPUs should spent much less time idle waiting NOPs for memory requests. Most of the design changes have gone to improving the fixed function hardware around the QPUs. A fixed function blend unit has been added, which should reduce load on the QPUs when doing alpha blending. hope software blending is still possible The tile buffer can now store upto 4 render targets (up to 128bits per pixel, so if you are using 4 32bit render targets, you can't have a depth buffer) A MMU, allowing a much simpler/faster kernel driver. Many more texture formats, framebuffer formats. h264/x264 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/caecd66a9508acb0e9ef0a07169a14c33007b208 VideoCore hardware decoding through VCHIQ/MMAL (Pi 1–4)], H.265 / HEVC decoder is a HEVCv2 Main 4:4:4 10 design supporting bitstreams up to profile 5.1 HEVC hardware decode supports 4kp60, 10-bit. Audio output is pretty much unchanged, but the HDMI audio channels now support 8x192kHz bitrates All the features needed for opengl es 3.0 Each ALU typically have 2 floating point operators, and as you pointed out in a earlier post videocore 6 is no exception, with both a multiply and additive floating point operator. Thus theoretical GFLOPs are calculated with both operators in mind. That is what the 2 in my formula represents, and is common across any modern programmable shader, whether you calculate Nvidia, AMD, Intel, Boardcom or any other company's GPUs. Total ALUs * 2 * GHz clock = GFLOPs, In the case of Raspberry Pi 3, it's 24 ALUs * 2 operators * 0.4GHz = 19.2GFLOPs If the Videocore 6 does indeed only have 16 ALUs (16 * 2 * 0.5GHz), you'd have only 16GFLOPs but they are better utilised Possible maximum performance <pre> VideoCore IV @ 250MHz: 250 [MHz] x 3 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 24 Gflop/s VideoCore IV @ 300MHz: 300 [MHz] x 3 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 28.8 Gflop/s VideoCore VI @ 500MHz: 500 [MHz] x 2 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 32 Gflop/s </pre> Faster LPDDR4 memory. ====BCM2837==== With the Pi3 * Broadcom BCM43438 chip provides 2.4&nbsp;GHz 802.11n wireless LAN, Bluetooth Low Energy, and Bluetooth 4.1 Classic radio support, 3B+ [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/afa5bc0bb17d5dd06bcfdbac00853a3799ca8d76 LAN7515] The overclock ability has diminished with each chip version as the energy usage has increased. BCM2837 is one of the warmest yet and benefits from active fan cooling if all four cpu cores are in use for a short while. Video playback maybe affected due to the lack of custom support in the GPU with Aros. 5 V / 2.4 or 2.5 amp power supply recommended if all four cpu cores are running, else throttling (cpu slowdown) might occur. [https://github.com/hermanhermitage/videocoreiv/wiki/VideoCore-IV-Programmers-Manual Dual VDP] and scalable QPU in [https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/vc4.html VC4] and x.264/h.264 accelerated untested only and VP9 on cpu or neon help ARMv8-A has [https://developer.arm.com/documentation/102412/0100/Privilege-and-Exception-levels privilege levels] where userspace typically runs at ‘EL0’, the kernel at ‘EL1’ or ‘EL2’ and the firmware at the highest level ‘EL3’. ===32bit=== === Core Kernel === ====BCM2708(family)==== which includes the [http://elinux.org/RPi_Hardware BCM2835] (ARM1176JZF-S 700&nbsp;MHz CPU + VideoCore IV GPU + up to 1GB RAM) *Framebuffer (fb) using mailbox *IRQ scheduler, etc *Arasan based SD Card controller *Synopsis DesignWare USB 2.0 OTG controller [http://networkdirection.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106:rasperry-pi-usb-controller&catid=45:raspberry-pi&Itemid=54 Unofficial DOCS pdf], [dwc_otg.c FreeBSD], [], [https://www.riscosopen.org/viewer/view/mixed/RiscOS/Sources/HWSupport/USB/Controllers/DWCDriver/ RiscOS USB Driver], [https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/5/topics/878 RiscOS USB Discussion], [https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/11/topics/1893 Other USB RiscOS], [http://plan9.bell-labs.com/plan9/index.html Plan9 Miller's usb] http://plan9.bell-labs.com/sources/contrib/miller/, [https://github.com/Chadderz121/csud CSUD driver], *[http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/Data_Sheets/9512.pdf SMSC 9512] USB LAN/Hub chip *CMOS RAM *VCHIQ port which sends messages to the GPU e.g. for mouse, keyboard, audio on HDMI, etc *Audio Driver *Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI) *[http://www.susa.net/wordpress/2012/06/raspberry-pi-pcf8563-real-time-clock-rtc/ I2C registers] *I2S *Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) *[http://elinux.org/RPi_BCM2835_GPIOs GPIOs] and [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2012/08/17/broadcom-bcm2835-peripheral-memory-map-and-gpio-alternate-use-chart-piday-raspberrypi-raspberry_pi/ Alternative view of GPIO] BCM2836 * For Pi B+, PI 2 and Pi 3 SMSC LAN9514 chip adding 10/100 Ethernet connectivity and four USB channels to the board *[http://www.andrewscheller.co.uk/rpi_pcb_modules.html PCB], [http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals Low level features], Implemented so far... # Modify the configure system so that it correctly builds for the arm hardware float raspi target. # Implemented the bootstrap to load the aros modules and prepare the arm to jump into them. Reworked the x86 console support so that parts can be stolen for raspi to use since t has no basic functionality to output to the display. # Implemented a kernel.resource to prepare the raspi for running aros and provide the low level api calls to expose available resources and allow exec, etc function. # Implemented serial debug support # Implemented the exec (and kernel) functionality required to make multitasking work (and interrupts, exceptions, syscalls, etc) # Implemented a timer.device to utilise the hardware timers. # Implemented a very basic gfx driver to expose the hardware's framebuffer. # Implemented an SD-Card driver for AROS which presently only supports the raspi's chipset but can easily be modified to support all sd-card hardware and media. # Fixed the fat filesystem support in AROS so that it can boot on RasPi's normal SD-Card setup. The "rom" image files needed use a different filename than the default linux, etc images so can be easily installed without harming the existing files - you only need to change the loaded images in the config file to get aros to boot. # Updated the build scripts to automatically download the necessary raspi firmware files and wrap it all up so that you can simply extract the archive to a fat formatted sdcard and boot it on the raspi without having to get anything else. # fix everything in contrib and ports to build for raspi (needs proper testing/fixes but allows every component to actually compile at least, including owb) + numerous other fixes to get things working on arm/raspi .. Improvements... # Implement a USB chipset driver "OR" finish the existing one [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/c07d13c724f944674be5db54fc6a71ee72a01809 usb otg] - the current code is mostly a skeleton that should initialise the chipset and then needs relevant code to support the different transfer types. It also has the "virtual" hub code in place to represent the raspi's USB port (from poseidons p.o.v) # Implement a driver for the USB NIC (a few weeks - depends on USB above) # Write an [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/d55d0f74d20b769bbb8c8d386e5c1d7a9154f05a audio driver] (a few weeks - independent of USB) and [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/e93a4c245f27a87c9c4c1d39206694b39059998a HDMI] # fix syscall bug in the current raspi kernel code # Graphics depend on having a decent "bcmdma.resource" implemented as to use the cpu's dma engine. The sd card driver needs to use it for transfers to/from the controller - and the gfx system needs to use it for "blitting". # [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/4019d84e4975d4dad987a12d57fe108f5ac048e6 Improve the gfx driver], [ vc4gfx HIDD] add [http://dri.freedesktop.org/wiki/VC4/ Gallium3D support] # [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/b13905b3e8e45b089f520b44692c81affddd066f Improve] the [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/3a876755c070f5c73c4f53c7f4d35b4f923088b9 sdcard] device driver - which is also pretty basic but should work with most cards, rework it to also support pci, etc. sd card interfaces on x86 # The current code using very rudimentary access to the gpio interface - so that should be implemented as some resource for other components to access, as-well as the i2c interface exposed over the gpio interface. that should have a hidd class implemented which uses the gpio resource to communicate. Boot up typical for most other OSs before the open sourcing of many binary blobs from 2017 onwards On power-up, the rpi [http://www.open.com.au/mikem/bcm2835/ BCM 2835] [https://github.com/hermanhermitage/videocoreiv VideoCore4] GPU, not the ARM CPU, is in control, and the SD card slot is the only peripheral device with power. The firmware burned into the BCM2835's VideoCoreIV GPU PROM requires a DOS-style partition table; a FAT-formatted first partition; and the freely redistributable but closed sourced Broadcom files “bootcode.bin” and “start.elf” in that partition. The boot sequence carries out several pre-boot tasks *On powering of the rpi, the GPU reads and executes bootcode.bin, which then loads start.elf *The GPU loads the “start.elf” file, eventually, into the L2 cache and then executes it *configures the memory split for the CPU and GPU *reads and parses “config.txt” from the same partition on the SD card and applies the settings (like a PC’s BIOS settings) *loads the “kernel.img” file, again from the same partition *activates the CPU to begin executing the loaded kernel image The CPU/GPU memory split is hard-coded into start.elf, so Broadcom provides three start.elf images, to give 32M, 64M, or 128M to the GPU for multimedia performance, and the remainder to the CPU. RPi uses [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware some closed source loaders] and at some point it loads a binary blob named "kernel.img" at 0x8000, at that point there would be a rudimentary Aros alive. If one wants to use the SD-card then there would have to be a driver for the interface and a fat filesystem handler (SD-card has to be formatted to fat filesystem) Boot code and kernel are now linked together and made into that binary blob, just for starters. Raspberry Pi uses [http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=133 u-boot] and [http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=138 UBoot] as bootloader, there's already some code in the Efika MX port for that. UBoot is a native bootloader and not just for the raspberry pi, it loads after start.elf. You can find Efika MX port from arch implementations, some hacking is needed for the mmakefile.src'es as iit dates back to before the Aros crosstool era or else you get some weird errors while building. You also need to code the bootstrap and serial handling. At the moment it seems that a fastest route for the native build would be to make one binary blob without using the package system. Raspberry's memory layout is pretty simple and if the implemented u-boot doesn't support loading other modules <pre> ? - alias for 'help' mtest - simple RAM test autoscr - run script from memory base - print or set address offset bbm - BBM sub-system bdinfo - print Board Info structure boot - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd' bootd - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd' bootm - boot application image from memory bootp - boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol cmp - memory compare coninfo - print console devices and information cp - memory copy crc32 - checksum calculation echo - echo args to console fatinfo - print information about filesystem fatload - load binary file from a dos filesystem fatls - list files in a directory (default /) go - start application at address 'addr' help - print online help iminfo - print header information for application image itest - return true/false on integer compare jade - loadb - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode) loads - load S-Record file over serial line loady - load binary file over serial line (ymodem mode) loop - infinite loop on address range md - memory display mm - memory modify (auto-incrementing) mtest - simple RAM test mw - memory write (fill) nfs - boot image via network using NFS protocol nm - memory modify (constant address) pci - list and access PCI Configuration Space ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network host printenv - print environment variables rarpboot - boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol reset - Perform RESET of the CPU run - run commands in an environment variable saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage saves - save S-Record file over serial line setenv - set environment variables sleep - delay execution for some time tftpboot - boot image via network using TFTP protocol USB - USB sub-system usbboot - boot from USB device version - print monitor version </pre> And there is one more thing about modular ports. In order to actually implement this, your bootstrapping environment should provide the ability to load several files. On PC this is provided by GRUB2. on CHRP you can read filesystem via OpenFirmware, and Sam's Parthenope relies on modified u-boot. If your bootstrap allows to load only a single file, then you stuck with monolithic kickstart. By the way... u-boot allows not only to boot up a single uImage or zImage, it also allows to write client programs AFAIK. With this approach, you actually can write modular bootstrap for ARM AROS using unmodified u-boot. Most used [http://www.compulab.co.il/workspace/mediawiki/index.php5/U-Boot_quick_reference uboot options] are fatls usb 0:1, the reason behind INTB_KERNEL is to allow use of the standard Exec function AddIntServer() to add interrupt handlers for hardware drivers etc. AmigaOS never used it for abstract hardware drivers. AmigaOS routed only raw hardware IRQs there. Their assignment was hardcoded. As well as number of them. Actually on AmigaOS every bus has its own interrupt subsystem. For example PCI bus. PCI interrupts on Amiga are routed to a single exec interrupt. 1:1 relationship between CPU and hardware interrupts is present only on PC. IMHO we miss things like AddInterrupt/RemInterrupt methods on our PCI subsystem's device class. PCI bus class should map these methods to whatever is appropriate. This is how it is done on AmigaOS and friends. When these are implemented, raw kernel.resource API will be needed only for several PC-specific drivers with hardwired resources. Exec IRQs are real IRQs only on Amiga hardware. On other machines they can be emulated where appropriate (VBlank is a good example). kernel.resource is meant to be different, its IRQs are hardware-agnostic, they are plain "Hardware IRQ number X, whatever this means". They are low-level actually, and meaningful only in the context of a particular system. Was that not the transition from irq.hidd to kernel.resource? No. A long time ago there was another hacky bit named INTB_TIMERTICK. It was "abstract timer interrupt", used by timer.device. It was the same as VBlank, but with larger frequency. I removed it, because kernel.resource API was a cleaner way to access this interrupt. Furthermore, there can be more than one timer in the system. Thinking about bringing back timer HIDD definitions again. hpet.resource is a bad idea. Can someone please enlighten me a little on how the scheduler is meant to work? Poseidon.library creates its "Poseidon Event Task" during RTF_COLDSTART -> then calls Wait(), and ends up in limbo because wait disables interrupts (used for the scheduler heartbeat), and basically waits forever because the sigbit is never set, since krnSwitch doesn't switch the task unless TF_SWITCH is set, and no codepath run during this seems to set it?? TF_SWITCH does not disable/enable switching. This flag just enables to run user-supplied hook when the task is being switched away. It is completely safe to call Wait() in Disable()d state. Doing this actually temporarily breaks this state. IDNestCnt gets remembered in struct Task, then next task is selected, and its IDNestCnt is restored in sysbase (see kernel_scheduler.c). If there are no other tasks, then your cpu_Dispatch() should enable interrupts on the CPU and enter idle mode. See x86 implementation for good example. You miss what happens next... 1. KrnSwitch() saves context of your task, saves IDNestCnt (core_Switch() and cpu_Switch()), then drops into cpu_Dispatch(). 2. cpu_Dispatch() calls core_Dispatch. Then two cases are possible: 2a. There is a READY task. It is picked up, its IDNestCnt is restored in SysBase, then cpu_Dispatch() needs to restore registers and exit. The next task is run. 2b. There are no READY tasks. core_Dispatch() returns NULL. In this case your cpu_Dispatch() should enter idle loop. It should just enable interrupts on the CPU and put it on halt. This allows it to process hardware interrupts. Eventually some of your interrupt handlers wakes up your task and puts it into READY list. My heartbeat interrupt has been slowed atm to help debugging - but it never actually gets a chance to fire because of the Wait() disabling interrupts. Perhaps you have forgotten to enable interrupts in your idle loop. There is a change in the format of AROS executables. Until now we were using Elf RELocable files which are usually used as intermediate object files. We had them for various reasons, one of them was how AROS files were built in the past. That days we had no real aros cross compiler and the option to embed relocation data in unix executables (or in executable files in general) was rather new and not every linux/unix system had it. Therefore we have decided to use intermediate files. Although it was somehow working (and it is still working :-)), it has some drawbacks. Therefore decided to introduce real Elf EXEC types, in first turn implemented on ARM target with option to expand in future to all other AROS architectures. The first patch was pretty easy and appeared to work somehow. It generated nice executables with embedded relocation info. Not only that, it also removed all global symbols adjusting relocation data to be relative to the beginning of the sections. That move reduced number of symbols in each executable significantly (depending on the file between 20 and 80% of all symbols could be removed). The only symbols that stayed in the file are local ones - due to the nature of the patch wasn't able to remove them since we have not seen them in the symbol hash table. The patch didn't worked though. The files were relocated, AROS kernel loaded, but it crashed very early. What happened? Well, the nature of ARM relocations happened :) Most of the relocation data on all machines is rather simple. Relocation can be absolute or pc-relative, sometimes the offset has to be bit shifted. On ARM v7 there is another one. There, when one wants to load an address of function/variable into register a combination of two instructions can be used: movw and movt. The first one loads immediate into lower 16 bits of a register while clearing upper 16 bits. The second one loads immediate into upper 16 bits without touching lower halfword. Loading of a pointer into a register looks like this: movw r0, #:lower16:label movt r0, #:upper16:label In this case there are two relocations - one for lower halfword and another for upper. If an overflow of lower 16 bits occurs during relocation process, the upper one should be updated as well. Unfortunately with current patch and with typical ARM executables there is not enough information to perform the calculations. There are two options - the first one would be to give up and go back to "fake" executables, another one would be to change from REL to RELA relocation info. The latter contains an addend, extra data which can be used to perform all the relocation calculations I need. Decided for the second option. The patch is already in the works. There is another function for the binutils' bfd backend to perform the final relocation. There can decide what to do with every reloc info, modify data and eventually strip some symbols. An advantage is - at this stage of the linking process have also full access to all local symbols so can change all relocations section relative and eventually strip all symbols from the files. GPU VCore developed by Alphamosaic Ltd and now owned by Broadcom. Most of start.elf runs on the GPU. Placing ALL the userland GPU code in the videocore.hidd isn't going to be a terribly big problem because the code they published is nothing more than a shim that sends data straight to the GPU to execute. The good news about this is that we only need to write our HIDD using the OpenVG API. The shim is relatively small codewise and lives in the ARM memory (the actual OpenVG code itself lives in the GPU RAM area and its loaded from start.elf). That's also the bad news. Our driver has to translate AROS video calls to OpenVG calls, for most tasks it should be easy, for some, not so much. It's still probably less difficult and less work, than controlling the GPU directly. The other good news is that anything done through OpenVG happens on the GPU, its truly accelerated. It also has some nice font functions, meaning we can lead into an accelerated text mode later. Basically, AROS resets or locks up when it tries to use AROS_ATOMIC_INC or DEC. If I comment out the byte/word operations in the header files and use non-atomic operations, the code works as expected. have read that the L1 cache needs to be enabled to use LDREX and co (which I also read is only meant to be used on multi processor systems with shared memory) - however I am certain this is correctly enabled. If you are using LREX or STREX, you should have L1 cache enabled, at least on the ARM CPU I work with at work. L1 cache is enabled by enabling the MMU *AND* setting the C and I bits in the CPU - the C bit is ignored, and the I bit only covers the 16 byte instruction pipeline if the MMU is not enabled. Can you verify that your assembly is generating LDREX/STREX? From the behavior, it almost sounds like its generating the default Semaphore locked atomics. Impossible. There are no semaphore-locked atomics. There are Disable()/Enable()-based ones instead. And there's a special #define AROS_NO_ATOMIC_OPERATIONS in this case, which tweaks Disable()/Enable() implementations not to recurse forever. I have tested this on ARMv5 which does not have ldrex/strex, it works fine. On those ARMs there's no way to have real atomics. On other OSes (like Linux) this is done by introducing things like atomic_t, which appears to be a complex structure, holding the value together with accompanying spinlock (implemented using swp). #warning "TODO: lookup optimal mmu table settings for raspi memory" /* Set up an identity-mapping for all 4GB */ for(x = 0; x < 4096; x ++) { pagetable[x] = x<<20 | (0x40002|0x80000|0x010000|0x00C00|0x04); } Shouldn't there be a second loop that sets the 'C' bit in the descriptor for the RAM pages? Currently, you have TEX=0, C=0, B=1 for all pages (Shared Device). You should have TEX=0, C=1, B=0 for RAM (Write-Through, Cached) So .. pagetable[x] = x<<20 | 2; should be enough? No, for RAM you need to change the '| 0x40' to '| 0x80' tell dosboot the correct defaults to use Please don't do this. This bootconfig.c is a deprecated legacy thing. I wanted it to go away completely with time. Instead, display drivers should auto-install themselves during own initialization phase. I. e. detect hardware=>instantiate itself. This should make things way simpler. With this approach you only need to add the driver into KS image to get the device autobooted. No hardcoded stuff. Currently VESA and VGA drivers do this, look there for examples. never rewrote ATI driver because i don't have any test system for it. they defined a smaller AROSCPUContext than the ExceptionContext - yet reference it as ExceptionContext in other places, and since it hasn't allocated enough storage for ExceptionContext, are corrupting memory/the structure (since the elements that are there don't map 1 to 1 with the exception context). AFAIK, AROS has been moving in a different direction to this in recent years. It is the job of graphics HIDDs to allocate bitmaps etc. so that they have the most suitable characteristics, including allocating them from GPU RAM where possible. The concept of chip RAM is only for legacy code, and most if not all non-68k platforms should have all system RAM marked as chip. BTW, is the video processing code you mention CPU code or GPU code? Also, IIRC we have support for "external memory allocators". Perhaps that's what we need for the allocation of GPU RAM through the mailbox. All hosted and x86 native ports should use proper context formats. trying to clarify if the vblank handler has to have run by this point to prevent this deadlock. Actually, no. Unless you have installed VBlank handler which should wake up at some point. Without VBlank there will be no quantum count. Consequently, there will be no forced preemption. But the rest will work, and multitasking will be cooperative (switch happens only when current task voluntarily gives up the CPU). Does it depend on the vblank having run before this point? and if yes what does that mean on systems where it might be able to run enough code (e.g. get to this point) before the vblank interrupt has triggered? What is it waiting for? It could wait for timer, in this case you need timer.device working. VBlank is currently needed for exec's quantum counter. In current native ports we have only a single timer, which is served by timer.device. VBlank is simulated by timer.device also. If your machine has two timers, then you can use one of them for VBlank, and another for timer.device, this will simplify things down. VBlank needs to be 50 Hz for historical reasons, many programs use it as cheap timer. I am periodically thinking about making some abstract mechanism to be able to change quantum source (and untie it from 50 Hz), but have no time to come up with something good. Additionally i started disliking timer.device hardcoded design when PC has got many timers (old 8253, APIC, HPET). Currently i think there should be some low-level entity representing tick source. timer.device should just select the most appropriate source for its units. The BCM2835 has 4 GPU based timer sources - 2 are used by the GPU, so im using Timer3 for our heartbeat and the remaining one will be free to the system. There is also the less capable ARM timer but that is dependent on the CPU frequency. Very good. You won't need any emulation. Set the heartbeat to 50 Hz and drive VBlank from it. Use other timer for MicroHZ. Can you use the 'econsole.hook' I make for debugging the Sam460 via the serial port? It provides a before-anything-else shell prompt on the serial port. You can then do 'NewCLI' to test your graphics, or use any DOS command in shellcommands.resource. You should just be able to add econsole.hook to your module list, and use 'econsole' in your bootargs. So long as you have a working Exec/RawMayGetChar and Exec/RawPutChar, it should work. Also make sure to add shell.resource and shellcommands.resource for this. That should have done it. If you set "#define DEBUG 1" in arch/all-native/econsole/econsole.c, do you get any additional serial output? have added it to the build and added econsole to the command line - and can see the bootloader picks up on the emergency bootconsole tag, but I still only get the insert bootable media display? Im assuming it exposes a fake filesystem that tricks aros into booting? The contents of which are: ECON:AROS.boot Way to handle the scheduling code? The implementations I had been following were causing problems, due to cascading interrupts which I cant handle properly in the asm stubs just now (when they break disable etc.) - since it means detecting the interrupted codes cpu mode and getting the correct sp/lr for it, and that's just too tedious for arm. To work around this ive added a system idle task which does nothing - and when the scheduling code has no task to run switches this in and lets it run, thereby allowing the interrupts etc to resume until something does need to happen. Also, by adding accounting code to cpu_Switch() and cpu_Dispatch(), it should allow the system to log idle time correctly (as well as running tasks). have thought of also adding an additional task that never runs, solely to record time spent in IRQ handlers, but I digress.. was under the impression that kernel.resource should *never* be used outside of exec.library. This is a wrong impression. Michal started designing it because portable nature of AROS does not fit well into exec's API with all its assumptions. So, he started the new, hardware-agnostic kernel API from scratch. Yes, exec sits on top of it in places. But kernel always meant to be open thing. Otherwise it would not exist. it wasn't meant to be just used willy nilly by user code - but by lower system components (e.g. exec) so that they could be implemented in a more generic fashion, and the kernel resource itself hide the systems quirks. Adding new things there perfectly keeps up with our decision to minimize AROS-specific intervention into APIs which can clash with MorphOS or Amiga OS4 extensions. We want at least source-level compatibility there. Binary compatibility on PPC would be extremely cool, but at the other hand we have no maintainer for this, as well as their ABIs splintering. It depends on what exactly is being implemented - there's no reason we should have everything crammed into kernel.resource if it doesn't need to be (i.e. if its better suited as a separate component/subsystem in its own right) The _LE versions are for when you have endian swapping taking place. If the graphics are the same endian as the CPU, no swapping should occur. I ran into a similar terminology problem in SDL with a friend insisting that his Radeon 7000 on his PC was big-endian. It is not, it just uses the same endianness for the graphics card and the CPU so no swapping was necessary. They were both little-endian. The _LE versions are because the PixFmts refer to the bitmap data being in big endian format in memory, for which the normal version would need to do endianness conversion before applying the shifts/masks. on this platform it is in _LE in memory also so we don't need the conversion hence using the _LE version of the call). would use _LE (if it's really little endian 16 bit mode). What is the bare minimum needed to implement a framebuffer based gfx driver, with our software handling the rest? Have tried with just a gfx class that only expose new/dispose/newbitmap - and having an onscreenbitmap used only for the framebuffer itself (with all other bitmaps being chunkybm, and the framebuffer's superclass also being chunkybm), but that alone isn't enough it seems? You can use workbench/hidds/sm502/ as your example - it is as simple as I could make it. So, AROS creates the framebuffer bitmap (verified this) -> so surely it should be capable of then rendeing into it? I don't actually create the framebuffer "bitmap object" myself - only as a result of being asked to. The code I currently have on SVN seems to create the framebuffers bitmap object fine, but then crashes in intuitions DisplayDriver callback. In particular it crashes performing the getattr on the system default pointer. don't expose MEMF_CHIP in an allocatable form so AllocSpriteData was failing (and other code later doesn't check if the values are valid == illegal memory accesses) So far have -: vc_init: queries the gpus memory, and sets up a fake memory handler for it, then adds the bootmode driver and returns saying all is well vc_gfxhidd:New: sets up some fake syncmodes to test with and creates the real gfx object. vc_gfxhidd:NewBitmap: checks if its a framebuffer and uses the onbitmap class or uses the chunkybm class otherwise vc_onbitmap:New; creates a chunkybm object and then pushes the real framebuffer address into it as the buffer, vc4 had v8adds, v8subs, v8muld, v8min and v8max which operated on four 8bit uint values packed into a 32bit register. Multiplication was in the range 0.0 to 1.0 and addition/subtraction saturated. There were also a range unpacking/packing modes that allowed you to pack and unpack 8bit values into 32bit registers. RasPi has to speak to the "operating system" which runs on the GPU itself and request/free memory - it cant directly manage it itself, and so the managed functions were used to wrap these calls. The Arm and GPU share memory space. The framebuffer is shared. The Arm can write a pixel and it will appear on the screen (through GPU hardware) without flushing/copying being required. The GPU can composite multiple FB's in real time - so you have a number of surfaces defined which are rotated etc and composited in real time to the output. Copying can map from the address space of the Arm to the flat space of the GPU which takes some code, but I don't think whole buffers are copied. The DMA hardware can also access the whole memory space and can perform 2D fills and blits (no blending). This is documented in the peripheral spec posted. The DMA is just an Arm accessible peripheral and can be set up with low latency (e.g. microseconds). must use a 0xc0000000-based bus address to access SDRAM, yet non-DMA access should go via a 0x0-based bus address. For 2D dma, set TDMODE, and the spec says "interpret the TXFR_LEN register as YLENGTH number of transfers each of XLENGTH, and add the strides to the address after each transfer." so set STRIDE to pitch of the image, the width is XLENGTH and height is YLENGTH. You would fill by not setting the SRC_INC and point source to your fill data. The DMA cannot see the ARM's L1 cache, so you would map the framebuffer with ioremap_nocache. Depending on where the source data comes from, it may need an L1 cache flush. The DMA can see the L2 cache. Use 0xC0000000 bus addresses when L2 is disabled and 0x40000000 bus addresses when L2 is enabled. (actually just call virt_to_bus and you'll get the right address out). openGLES/openVG has high latency. Writing to framebuffer then reading it back is very inefficient (e.g. milliseconds). If you can drive it a unidirectional way, just streaming commands at then that is efficient. openVG is not implemented on top of openGLES - it uses the same hardware but as a first class interface To improve the Gfx driver, we will need a DMA resource implemented so can use to perform DMA operations. The Gfx driver will need this to perform blits. Actually MEMF_CHIP has to present, for historical reasons. This has been never fully agreed upon, but in ports i wrote i exposed the whole memory as MEMF_CHIP. The idea behind this is that CHIP is originally the memory where graphics and sound data can be put. On non-Amiga platforms there are no restrictions on this, so the whole memory is CHIP. Yes, many old software can misbehave with CHIP memory size larger than 2MB. But this actually applies only to m68k AROS which is going to run m68k binaries. In other cases it's quite logical to fix the program when porting. As to original question: yes, it's enough to have a framebuffer bitmap (one with aoHidd_BitMap_FrameBuffer set to TRUE) and PutPixel routine. It framebuffer can be served by chunky bitmap class, then you can simply create chunky bitmap with your own buffer (see how VESA driver does this). Chunky PutPixel is already there. struggling to determine what is the correct pixfmt to use for the 24/16/15 bit gfx modes on the RasPi. AFAIK it uses RGB565, for 16bit but im unsure what shifts etc should go with it? suffice to say Im getting the wrong colors so far lol. <pre> redmask: 0x0000F800 greenmask: 0x000007E0 bluemask: 0x0000001F alphamask: 0 redshift: 16 greenshift: 21 blueshift: 27 alphashift: 0 </pre> It should likely be vHidd_StdPixFmt_RGB16_LE This stuff is a bit confusing. The "names" of the stdpixfmts are based on the layout in memory, ignoring endianess. So for example: ARGB32: will be 0xAA 0xRR 0xGG 0xBB in memory on both big endian and little endian machines. The shifts and masks OTOH are based on pixel access (ULONG in this case), so differ depending on whether you run on big endian machine or little endian machine (that's why there's stdpixfmt_le.h and stdpixfmt_be.h in rom/hidds/graphics/). With the 16 bit pixel format it's even more confusing, as for example it's impossible on little endian machine to describe RGB16 with shifts/masks alone. That's why there's vHidd_PixFmt_SwapPixelBytes_Flag. (RGB16 == RRRRRGGG GGGBBBBB in memory, and for pixel (WORD) access on little endian machine it needs to be accessed as GGGBBBBBRRRRRGGGG). The shifts btw indicate how much to shift the component to the left (!) so that it is moved to the highest bit (31). The aHidd_PixFmt_StdPixFmt you specify will be ignored most of the time, because when the pixelfmt is registered, the gfx hidd checks if there's an identical pixfmt (shifts/masks/etc., but ignoring pixfmt->stdpixfmt) already in the system, and if so, it uses the already existing one and does not create a new one. In theory it would be better if gfx drivers could simply/only specify a StdPixFmt without all the shifts/masks stuff when the gfx driver uses pixfmt which matches one of the stdpixfmts exactly. Another possibility would be for gfx drivers to use HIDD_Gfx_GetPIxFmt(stdpixfmt_gfx_driver_wants_to_use) and then peek shifts/masks from it and fill out a pixfmt tag list based on that. 15bit very blue/green: Try to pass same shifts/masks/etc. as in 16 bit pixfmt (maybe you think it's using 15 bit R5G5B5 (or swapped) but it's actually still using 16 bit R5G6B5 (or swapped). aHidd_PixFmt_StdPixFmt you pass is mostly ignored. It's the shift/masks/etc. that count. But I would still pass the correct one (_LE) == whatever rom/hidds/graphics/stdpixfmts_??.h uses in the entry where you have looked up shifts/masks/etc. Use the shifts/masks/etc. from the entry in stdpixfmt_le.h (if you are running on little endian machine) or stdpixfmt_be.h (if you are running on little endian machine) that matches the pixfmt that its meant to be. 0xAA,0xRR,0xGG,0xBB on little endian (->entry in stdpixfmt_le.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_ARGB32) 0xBB,0xGG,0xRR,0xAA on little endian (->entry in stdpixfmt_le.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_BGRA32) 0xAA,0xRR,0xGG,0xBB on big endian (->entry in stdpixfmt_be.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_ARGB32) 0xBB,0xGG,0xRR,0xAA on big endian (->entry in stdpixfmt_be.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_BGRA32) it feels like AROS trashes the alpha component, otherwise it should be 8A8R8G8B. read on the subject suggest its in 1x5r5g5b (x is ignored) to keep 16bit alignment . Suggests to me that wrong shift/mask are being applied - however going by the 16bit versions it all looks correct to me so I am really confused as to what is happening. The output image looks to have too much green/blue, and very weak red. Kickstart The idea is to minimize amount of archirecture-specific modules to make the user's life easier. So, the kickstart was split into 'base' (which does not contain anything machine-specific) and 'BSP' (Board Support Package) which contains all hardware-specific stuff. This way, for example, distribution makers can save up space on CD and make CDs with multiple platform support. Different configuration would load the same base with different BSP's. Next there was some part which is entirely missing on hosted. These are filesystems. Hosted ports do not need them to boot up, so on hosted they are left out. At the other hand, they are also architecture-agnostic. So i put them into 'FS' package (standing for 'filesystem'). USB Poseidon is one more big part. I made it into separate package in order to allow users to omit it if they don't need it (for example, to run on retro PCs without USB). Personally i have one. Again, Poseidon is hardware-agnostic (well, there are USB drivers but HCIs are pretty standard). AFAIK its HCI 1.0 compliant but not familiar enough with poseidons drivers, nor USB, to just hack away at the existing code. Perhaps once i'm more familiar with the workings I can merge in the changes needed to get it operating but for now I will focus on getting it running. Also our drivers have known issues so perhaps a fresh set of eyes might shed some light on what is going wrong. Another interesting question is whether Poseidon can operate on device side. Is it flexible enough? How similar is being a USB host and USB device? think it will need a bit of work on Poseidon's side. Until then I will force the driver into Host/Master mode in the init code, but leave open device etc to configure the chipset for either's use - and look at trying to add support for working in Device/Slave mode & switching modes once it's up and running. Actually USBROMStartup is some kind of kludge. Can there be any alternative? Could device drivers be self-installing, like our HIDDs? This would get rid of need to list them in USBRomStartup. * Model A and B limited to 150 mA per port. * Model B+ and Pi 2 introduced configurable 600 mA to 1.2 A support over all ports - anything above that requires a powered USB hub. Implementing the hardware driver that Poseidon uses to interact with the USB components. Have code in place to (try) and initialise the USB chipset, and configure host/device mode operation (though AFAICT Poseidon doesn't support device mode). Started to get the "virtual" root hub written for the single USB port so that Poseidon should at least list it correctly in the GUI - and try to interact with it to find peripherals. The BCM2835 uses a soft IP block from Synopsys’ DesignWare library (DWC), specifically the block is called dwc_usb_2_0_hs_otg_subsystem-ahb_se (“USB 2.0 Hi-Speed OTG Controller Subsystem w/AHB Interface SE”). There is no public documentation for this, and pretty much zero chance of anyone getting hold of it even with NDA. However, there's a Linux driver written by Synopsys ([https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux dwc_usb]). Specifically directories [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/drivers/usb/host dwc_common_port] and [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/drivers/usb/host dwc_otg]. The Synopsys code is actually under a fairly permissive licence – it's not GPL, it's similar to BSD (’don't sue us if it breaks’ is pretty much the only clause). So this should not be a barrier to porting the code. The code is really well written, with a nice partition between the work done by the driver (dwc_otg, which is fairly involved, given the host does more work than a conventional EHCI driver), and the interface to Linux (dwc_common_port). Probably only need provision of relevant changes to dwc_common_port. Other things to consider.... * Provision of necessary headers to get it to compile * Provision of necessary functions (main issues are wait queues, threads, work queues, tasklets, timers, spinlocks and mutexes (multithreading) ) * Interfacing between USB stack and the driver. dwc_otg/dwc_otg_hcd_linux.c looks like the place to start. the Linux bits of the headers are only required for the dwc_common_port library. dwc_common_port includes a variety of crypto functions which are not used – it appears to also be used for ultrawideband (UWB) and wireless USB (WUSB) drivers where crypto will be an issue, but it isn't going to be for plain wired USB. Every USB driver acts as an USB hub as well in order to let Poseidon control the state of USB ports. The code there was reading status of the only USB port in Raspberry's CPU but when changing the status it erroneously deleted some of the status bits, including the port enable one. It was so because those bits in the status register are of a type Read/WriteToClear. It means, if one does not want to change their value from 1 back to 0, one has to actually write the 0 value. Very practical thing e.g. in interrupt handlers, where one reads the interrupt status register to learn what was the interrupt reason, and writes it back to the same register in order to clear the interrupts. After fixing that code it turned out that the communication was still unsuccessful. Apparently the USB device was not understanding the host for some reason. That should not happen since the request sent was one of the standard ones implemented by virtually anything with an USB connector, assumed that Poseidon clears the data caches before forwarding the work to the USB drivers but that's the responsibility of the driver itself. The USB device responded and acknowledged the transmission! But why were all the request sent after address change failing with timeout? They should not. Once again, address set is supported just by anything. Tried to contact the device at address 0 once again and there it was, still responding properly. The enlightenment came. The bus address for DMA transmissions was, as it is in many bare metal USB implementations, just the pure memory address of the buffer as seen by the ARM cpu. Have "prefixed" it with the real location of uncached RAM and booted AROS once again. Trident saw this: Product : Hub: Vdr=0424/PID=9514 Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp. SerialNumber: n/a /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200 Class : 9 SubClass : 0 DevProto : 2 VendorID : 1060 ProductID : 38164 DevVers : 0200 and this: Product : Vendor: Vdr=0424/PID=EC00 Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp. SerialNumber: n/a /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200 Class : 255 SubClass : 0 DevProto : 1 VendorID : 1060 ProductID : 60416 DevVers : 0200 and even this: Product : Hub: Vdr=0424/PID=9514 Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp. SerialNumber: n/a /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200 Class : 9 SubClass : 0 DevProto : 2 VendorID : 1060 ProductID : 38164 DevVers : 0200 What are these things? The first one is USB hub built in the Raspberry. Thanks to this one the Pi machines (with exception of Pi0 and computing modules) have more than just one single USB port. The second one is the network chip in raspberry, the third one is my USB SD card reader which have just connected to see what happens. AROS tried, of course, to boot from it ;) So, the first step towards working USB is done. The control transfers are working as you can see above. Next step is to implement bulk and interrupt transfers, having the basics in place. Finally some error handling will be added and USB for Pi will be as complete as the PC version. [http://www.raspyfi.com/raspberry-pi-usb-audio-fix/ Issue with USB Audio] Audio The Pi 4B is the only Pi that can output HD Audio as an HD Audio passthrough bitstream, and it does it over HDMI. It's possible to use the two HDMI output for separate HDMI video and HDMI audio outputs to allow UHD HDR video and HD Audio with non-UHD HDR compatible AVRs. The Pi3B+ and earlier will decode to PCM 5.1/7.1 and output over HDMI. HDMI is the only interconnect that has a standard for carrying Dolby True HD, DTS HD MA etc. as a bitstream - you can't carry it as a bitstream on any other interface. Pi3 and Pi4 audio jack output derived from 12bit pulse width modulation is relatively poor. For better, choose USB Audio or I2C versions. [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/sound/arm audio] and its [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/issues/2 very high speed message passing interface type of thing VCHI] The Model B+ added an additional voltage regulator for the audio output and an additional output driver to drive low-resistance loads like headphones. However it is still using pulse-width modulation (PWM), which has a major impact on sound quality the old Raspberry Pi used a linear voltage regulator to provide the 3.3V to many of the components on the board while the new one uses a switching regulator. Both can perform reasonably well. However switch mode power supplies often show higher noise figures Analogue audio Audio over HDMI rev 1.3 & 1.4 Ethernet 10/100 BaseT Ethernet RJ45 socket GPIO GPIO shouldn't be too bad but bear in mind it is already accessed in places so they would need to allocate pins etc through it (e.g. sdcard to flicker the activity light, serial debug to output data on the GPIO pins) Probably a resource rather than a device... Started an i2c driver that will need to allocate GPIO pins. Feel free to work on it if you are interested ;p GPU graphics with 2D and 3D acceleration Sadly none yet for 32bit but for 64bit... Miscellanous hdmi issues Setting the hdmi_force_hotplug=1 makes sure the Pi believes the monitor/TV is really there. You might also need to set config_hdmi_boost=4 or even higher (up to 9) if your display needs a stronger signal. If the display is a computer monitor or newer tv, use hdmi_group=1 (auto HDMI use) and if it is an older TV, try hdmi_group=2 (for DMT formats, i.e. for PC monitors) then you HAVE to "set hdmi_drive = 2 to enable HDMI output as this forces HDMI mode rather than DVI mode Do not set hdmi_safe=1 as that overrides many of the previous options. Using a shorter or better quality HDMI cable might help. Make sure your Pi's power supply delivers 1 A and not 500 mA. If you see a problem with the red colour - either absent, or interference - then try a boost composite video changing the RCA cable, then the composite port worked out of the box Boot it as you are doing, without HDMI. If you now plug in the HDMI, do you get the image? In other words, does the Pi think HDMI is connected even when it isn't? Rename all the files in the first partion of the card except bootcode.bin, start.elf and fixup.dat What's the result? Put back config.txt What's the result? for PAL mode sdtv_mode=2 dmi_ignore_hotplug Pretends HDMI hotplug signal is not asserted so it appears a HDMI display is not attached hdmi_ignore_hotplug=1 Use composite mode even if HDMI monitor is detected <pre> # NOOBS Auto-generated Settings: #hdmi_force_hotplug=1 #config_hdmi_boost=4 #overscan_left=24 #overscan_right=24 #overscan_top=16 #overscan_bottom=16 #disable_overscan=0 start_x=1 gpu_mem=128 </pre> tvservice -c "PAL 4:3" <pre> /opt/vc/bin/tvservice -s or tvservice -s state: HPD high|HDMI mode|HDCP off|composite off (0x12001a), 1920x1080 @ 60 Hz, progressive /opt/vc/bin/tvservice -m CEA Group CEA has 1 modes: (native) mode 16: 1920x1080 @ 60 Hz, progressive /opt/vc/bin/tvservice -m DMT Group DMT has 0 modes: </pre> sudo amixer cset numid=3 1 forces the audio to the headphone jack, even with the HDMI video output plugged in config.txt the hdmi_ignore_edid_audio=1 option sems relevant as it should tell ALSA that the only available audio is analog, no matter what the display says There are several different ways that these 4 pole (ring) composite analog cables can be wired up, so some work great in some applications and can be a waste of time in others. What is needed for the Raspberry Pi B+ and above, which like many camcorders needs the ring contact next to the base contact to be the ground. The wiring for the 4 pole are: TIP (LEFT AUDIO CHANNEL) RING 1 (RIGHT AUDIO CHANNEL) RING 2 (GROUND/EARTH) RING 3 BASE/SLEEVE (VIDEO) YELLOW Most Apple based Players and the Microsoft Zune (TM) are wired this way. Most analogue camcorders are wired this way as well, where the ground in on Ring 2 will work with the Pi although you may need to swap your Video plug with the Right Audio plug. Nearly all other MP3 players are not wired this way, the ground is on another ring ie the wrong one. External devices * Camera Module Omnivision ov5647 Sunny 5MP (NoIR version) V1.3 - NoIR at 850&nbsp;nm, peak at 880&nbsp;nm and trails off at 940&nbsp;nm wavelengths * Camera V2 Sony IMX219 V2.1 8mpixel 8MP 8megapixel - 3280 x 2464 pixels - video at 1080p30, 720p60 and 640x480p90 - wider field of view, 62 vs 54 degrees horizontally - * Branded WIFI usb BCM43143 dongle N.B. dreaded error after changing cameras (stupidly without turning off the power first) and lasted through several power cycles. It can be a bad 15-pin FFC ribbon cable, when swapped, camera(s) and the Pi itself are working OK. It can be an instance of a cold solder joint on the CSI connector on the pi board. the camera can be detected (that's done via I2C) but may still not be able to receive image data (done via CSI-2) if something is broken. CSI-2 is uni-directional. Control is generally done via I2C. The CSI-2 receiver always writes to memory, not direct to the ISP. That's the way the Broadcom architecture works as it allows multipass processing easily. GPU memory is accessible from the ARM. Processing using the QPU graphics processors may be possible. currently the only supported sensor is OV5647 and IMX219. The linux drivers are all in the firmware blob, else you'd be looking at at least a man-month of work in a fully fledged imaging lab to do a decent tuning of the camera modules' ISP parameters. Static electricity maybe an issue for the camera module and slightly less for the pi board. == References == ===Good sites to visit=== *[https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/tree/master/ Raspberry Pi Firmware build] *[https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/software-sources.html Documentation] *[https://rpilocator.com/ RPiLocator] Linux only *[https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux Raspberry Pi Linux Build] *[https://dietpi.com/ DietPi] *[http://www.tinycorelinux.net/ports.html piCore] *[https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi Alpine Linux] *[https://github.com/armbian/build Armbian] *[ FydeOS] *[ TwisterOS based on ChromiumOS] *[https://note.com/jamesmondo/n/nc76e31402be8?hl=en BSD] *[https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/ PiOS Lite] and then [https://hstwb.firstrealize.com/ HST] *[ PiMiga for pi4 and pi5] *[ amibian for pi2 and pi3] *[ retropie pi1 and 2] Other alternative lighter smaller than Pi OS *[https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html Aros 64bit ARMV8 single core] *[https://www.riscosopen.org/wiki/documentation/show/Welcome%20to%20RISC%20OS%20Pi RiscOS on Pi3 and Pi4] *[https://github.com/michalsc/Emu68 ARM based realtime JIT 68k for amiga computers] *[https://github.com/JJDSNT/bellatrix/releases/ Alternative use of Emu68 on Pi3b] *[https://github.com/stevereaver/uaos uaOS with Emu68k] *[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/f80a268607dfae81b2db94755ab4e4d31ccb72d6 m68kemu library reference] *[ HaikuOS] *[https://github.com/raspberrypi/noobs NOOBS] os loader with successor [https://github.com/procount/pinn PINN] *[https://github.com/maxnet/berryboot berryboot] *[https://github.com/brianwiddas/pi-baremetal Bare Metal Access on Pi 32bit] Testing procedure is put sd card in, connect board to board if necessary, plug in hdmi and then power nothing else is done especially CSI DSI etc [https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/compute-module.html CM5] has the same 55mm x 40mm 2x100pin connectors form factor as the CM4 but [https://www.epdtonthenet.net/article/214508/Key-Considerations-When-Migrating-from-Raspberry-Pi-CM4-to-CM5.aspx some pins and other small things] have changed. Will need the [https://raspipcb.com/tech-blog/raspberry-pi-cm4-vs-cm5-difference-in-booting-from-sd-card/ right IO board to suit] *Green [ Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 IO Board REV2 [https://pip.raspberrypi.com/categories/1097-raspberry-pi-compute-module-5-io-board SC1967]] - untested *Green [ RPi Compute Module 5 IO board REV1 [https://pip.raspberrypi.com/categories/1097-raspberry-pi-compute-module-5-io-board SC1751]] - untested *Black SupTronics Geekbord X1500 CM5 IO Carrier Board - untested *Black DeskPi Super6C Cluster Mini-ITX Board - untested *[https://sipeed.com/nanocluster Sipeed NanoCluster] - untested up to 7 CM5 *Green BentoIO CMX0 - untested *Box EDATec ED-CLAWBOX - untested *Home Assistant Yellow - Kit with PoE with Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 - untested *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5_PoE_BASE_A Waveshare CM5-PoE-BASE-A] - untested *Box Waveshare [ CM5-POE-BOX-A] - untested *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-IO-BASE-B Waveshare CM5-IO-BASE-B] - untested *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-IO-BASE-A Waveshare CM5-IO-BASE-A] - untested *Blue Waveshare [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-NANO-B CM5-NANO-B] - untested *[https://carboncomputers.us/products/pi-flux piFlux] *[https://carboncomputers.us/products/ Zitaotech Hackberry] CM5 lite only - *Portable [https://www.waveshare.com/pocketterm35.htm Waveshare PocketTerm35] with Pi4B or Pi5 - untested *Box [https://www.clockworkpi.com/uconsole ClockworkPi uConsole][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtI_bAahbR8 CM4 into an adapter or CM3 into so-dimm - Cyberdeck] - untested *Green RPi [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/CM4IO-KiCAD.zip Compute Module 4] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/cm4io-datasheet.pdf IO board] V1.4 [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/CM4IOUSB3-KiCAD.zip USB3] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/cm4iousb3-appnote.pdf CM4ISO] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4/cm4-datasheet.pdf Dual100pin] (2020) aka Development Platform Board - untested *Purple Pi Hut Cytron CM4 Maker Board - untested *Black DeskPi Super6C Cluster Mini-ITX Board - untested *[ KubeSail PiBox mini 2] *Home Assistant Yellow with Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 - untested *[ Turing Pi V2] - untested CM4 with 260-pin SO-DIMM socket adapters and/or nvidia jetson nanos - untested *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-C Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-C] - untested but binary blobs Rev01 Rev02 *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-B Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-B] - untested but binary blobs *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-A Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-A] - untested but binary blobs *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-NANO-B Waveshare CM4-NANO] - untested but usb and audio turned off or rerouted *Black [ Seeed Studio with BigTreeTech BTT pad 7] - bin blobs? CM3 has a 200 pin sodimm ddr2 connector form factor but not electrically SC0028, SC0029 *Blue [https://wiki.geekworm.com/CM_IO_Board Geekworm RPi Compute Module IO Board] [https://github.com/geekworm-com/cm-io-board CSI DSI] with CM3 in ddr2 slot underside - '''works''' if SW1 on but CM3+ '''does not''' *Green [https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/product-files/3442/CMIO_schematic.pdf RPi V3 IO board CM3IO] and CM3 Lite - untested *Green [https://turingpi.com/ turingpi v1 cluster] - untested up to 7 cm3 7xlan9514 12V discontinued, 3 x Pi4 homelab maybe better *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Compute_Module_PoE_Board Waveshare Compute Module PoE Board] and CM3 lite (if not lite, write files to internal eMMC fat32) '''AVOID''' bin blobs *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/compute-module-io-board-plus.htm Waveshare Compute Module IO Board Plus] [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Compute_Module_IO_Board_Plus wiki] [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=235695 pin settings] with CM3+ Lite - '''AVOID''' binary blob *[ Pi02w on Geekworm SupTronics X305 Raspberry Pi Zero IO Baseboard] - untested *[ Spotpear Pi Zero 2w to Pi3b format-ish] - untested *[ pi-top v4] box has 128x64 oled display, micro hdmi, 19Whr battery with pi4 and 15V PD 36W min needed *[ pi-top v3] three green pieces, heatsink covers most of the base tray, pi-top hub mk1 lhs and Pi1B Pi2b Pi3b rhs secured from below, black rounded strip with pi-top above keyboard, 13.3" HD 1366 x 768 display, small touchpad, *[ pi-top Model 2.0] pi-top on bottom bezel of 14-inch green laptop, large trackpad, keyboard slide down to reveal main system hub on slide rails moved to the right, Raspberry Pi3b screws down, hub slides in, 18V 2.5A 45W charger brick, battery 11.1V 3500mAh 38.85Wh and storage PiTopOS *[ Pi-Top CEED Raspberry Pi Modular Educational Desktop with RPI3] monitor *[https://www.indiegogo.com/en/projects/jesselozano/pi-top-a-raspberry-pi-laptop-you-build-yourself Pi-Top v1] wedge laptop with RPi2 <pre> 2008 Trustees collected for Foundation 2009 Pi Foundation charity status gained 2010 2011 First Raspberry prototypes 2012 First boards go on sale at CPC and RS. The Model A and B 700 MHz Arm11 - February 29th BCM 2835 2012 First million sold - more than the 10,000 original planned and anticipated 2013 First Alpha Experimental builds of AROS Native for the 32bit Pi 2013 Pi Trading launched making grants available, providing in house educational resources and Pi Academy for teacher training 2013 Over two million sold 2014 Over three million sold 2014 Pi 1 Model B+ introduced that moved composite video to audio jack and same half gig of memory 2014 Pi Model A+ v1.1 no ethernet and 1 usb - a little smaller - 2015 Over four million first gen pis sold 2015 Pi Zero 1.2 BCM2835 first production revision released with no camera port 2016 Pi0 1.3 released with camera csi connector 2017 Pi Zero W v1.1 1GHz Pi0W, single-core 32bit CPU BCM2835 released with Cypress CYW43438 wireless 2020 Raspberry Pi Pico SC0919 with RP2040 32-bit 2Core ARM Cortex-M0+ up to 133 MHz - 264KB of SRAM and 2MB of on-board QSPI Flash - 2024 Raspberry Pi Pico 2 with RP2350 2Core 32bit Arm Cortex-M33 and 2core open-hardware [https://github.com/wren6991/hazard3 Hazard3 RISC-V] 2015 Pi 2 Model B v1.1 BCM2836 900/600 MHz ARM Cortex-A7 Armv7 quad 32bit, 32bit VideoCore IV GPU - 1Gb RAM - 5V 2A micro usb - SMSC LAN9514 chip - 2015 Over a million pi2s sold 2015 Raspberry Pi 2 Model B version 1.2 Pi2bv1.2, aka Pi2B2 has armv8 BCM2837 underclocked to 900Mhz without wifi/bluetooth module 2016 Pi 3 Model B - Broadcom BCM2837 SOC four 64bit ARMv8 Cortex-A53 1.2GHz 32bit 1080p VideoCore IV GPU - 1Gb DDR2 - bluetooth 4.1, Cypress CYW43438 wireless 802.11n - 4 x USB2.0 ports - 5.1V 2.5A - SMSC LAN9514 chip 2016 PIs total over 10 million worldwide 2017 Compute Module 3 CM3 with BCM2837B0 armv8 Quad 64-bit - small 67.6mm x 31mm board which fits DDR2 SODIMM connector but not electrically compatible which plugs into needed IO board - beware of the I2C protocol issue 1Gb LPDDR2 RAM - Lite or 4Gb Emmc storage 2017 12 million pis sold in total 2018 Pi 3 Model B+ - 4c A53 BCM2837B0 1.4Ghz - 1Gb, wireless 802.11ac, gigabit ethernet (300Mbit/s) and bluetooth 4.2 - power over ethernet - 4 x USB2.0 ports - Microchip LAN7515 chip 2019 Over 15 million sold 2019 Pi 3 Model A+ with BCM2837b0 Cortex-A53 64-bit SoC @ 1.4 GHz with 512Mb LPDDR2, 1 usb2, 1 hdmi, 1 micro usb 5V 2A - no ethernet - 2019 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 3+ CM3+ - Broadcom BCM2837B0 1.2Ghz, Cortex-A53 (ARMv8) 64-bit SoC on DDR2 SODIMM mechanically compatible only factor - IO board required 1Gb DDR2 and 8GB, 16GB, 32GB or a Lite variant without eMMC 2021 Pi zero 2 (w or no W) RP3A0 quad 1GHz Cortex-A53 64bit BCM2710A1 512mB SDRam 2025 edaTEC CM0 ED-CM0NANA with additional dev board with quad 1Ghz A53 with 512Mb Raysan RAM, 2 USB2 and 10/100 ethernet - pico castellated edge 2019 Pi 4 Model B v1.1 RPI4B - BCM2711B0T quad 64bit A72 1.5GHz, 4K VideoCore VI, AC wifi, Bluetooth 5.0, GbE Broadcom BCM54213PE (PHY ID 0x600d84a2), 2 micro hdmi decode up to 4K, USB-C 5.1V 3A power, 2xVLI VL805 USB 3, 2xUSB 2.0, 2GB 9LDWW D9WHZ or 4GB 9FDWW D9WHV, 8GB 0AA47 D9ZCL ddr4 ram 2020 Silent Pi 4 v1.2 upgrade with more USB-c psu support 2020 PI400 BCM2711C0T 1.8GHz 4Gb DDR4 inside keyboard, 5.1V 5A 27W usb-c psu, 2 micro hdmi, external ide style 40pin gpio, no audio port - 2020 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 BCM2711B0T on new 55mm x 40mm 2x100 pin form factor with extra breakout IO board CM4101000 1Gb RAM Lite SOM CM4102000 2GB RAM Lite CM4104000 4GB RAM Lite CM4004008-4GB-RAM 8GB-EMMC SOM System on Modules CM4104032 4GB RAM 32GB emmc CM4108000 8GB RAM Lite CM4008016 8GB RAM 16Gb eMMc 2021 Raspberry Pi SC0763 Compute Module 4S CM4S with ddr2 sodimm pinouts but not electrically the same with suitable IO board extra cost - CM4S01000 1GB RAM Lite CM4S01008 1GB RAM 8GB eMMC Flash CM4S02000 2GB RAM Lite CM4S04000 4GB RAM Lite CM4S04016 4GB RAM 16Gb KLMAG1JETD-B041 CM4S08000 8GB RAM Lite 2021 Pi 4 v1.4 BCM2711B1 upgraded power regulator, to deal with 8gig of ram being more power hungry 2021-48 Raspberry Pi 4 model B v1.5 2GB 2023 Pi 5 v1.0 BCM2712 Quad A76 @2.4Ghz - VideoCore VII - no audio socket - dual 4k from mini hdmi - fan connector - 5.1V 5A psu 2024 Pi 5 2GB DDR4 version uses BCM2712D0 2024 Pi-500 with 8Gb LPDDR5 and membrane keyboard 2024 Pi 5 v1.1 2024 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 CM5 BCM2712 55mm x 40mm form factor with additional IO board CM5004000 04GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite CM5008000 08GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite CM5016000 16GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite 2025 Pi-500+ with 256GB NVMe storage, 16GB LPDDR4 RAM, and Gateron KS-33 Low Profile Blue mechanical keyboard switches 2025 Pi5 1GB DDR4 announced 2022 PiOS linux goes 64bit 2024 Pi Trading IPO stockmarket stock exchange listing 2026 April and May Aros 64bit fixed, added AHI audio, VC4 gfx started, usb functions added to rom 2026 June and July Aros 64bit usb2otg started, dma.resource, sdio.resource, bwfm.device wifi added 2026 Late July daily 64bit Pi3 LE little endian builds start 2026 August Pi 4, 400, 5 and 500 DTBs added, expanding existing support and wifi for Pi4 and Pi5 2026 August Pi5 HAT+ nvme and HDMI, AHI RPiI2S added, Pi4 HVS5 video scaler started, 2026 2027 2028 Pi 6 </pre> The vcgencmd can be used to inspect and dump the current system configuration. vcgencmd runs on top of VCHIQ as an RPC. The mailbox interface is an alternate but much simpler RPC. VCHIQ is a bridge (queue) between the CPU and the GPU so they can communicate with the firmware. Loads of [https://github.com/6by9/rpi3-gpiovirtbuf/blob/master/rpi3-gpiovirtbuf.c mailbox] which uses the GPIO control calls. [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/wiki/Mailboxes may also be of interest] A fair number of vcgencmd examples (search for vc_vchi_gencmd_init). [https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=229203#p1406112 sends the relevant vcgencmd commands] to update the scaling kernel, but the [https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland/blob/master/host_applications/linux/apps/gencmd/gencmd.c command] is just a text string. Parsing and execution of the instructions is performed by the VideoCore firmware. The Raspberry Pi runs two separate operating systems: Linux/Aros on the ARM, and a threedx RTOS called vcos running on the Videocore 4 VPU: vcos is commonly called "the firmware". Vcos is tasked with performing certain system services, for example running the display and audio outputs. The VCHI driver provides an interface to allow drivers to talk to vcos. Doubtful, on any [https://www.web3d.org/ Web3d] [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API WebGL] or [https://github.com/immersive-web/webxr WebXR] [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebXR_Device_API Device API] [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XRInputSource XRInputSource] support. Hopefully, never/limited support features like location, peer-to-peer, invasive web apps, unwarranted storage, payments, proprietary video streaming etc *spreadsheet [https://git.sheetjs.com/sheetjs/sheetjs sheetjs] [https://github.com/mleibman/SlickGrid SlickGrid javascript] [https://github.com/6pac/SlickGrid SlickGrid typescript] [https://github.com/jspreadsheet/ce jspreadsheet ce] probably without xlsx support *presentations [https://github.com/impress/impress.js/ impress.js simplified] [https://github.com/bwlewis/slides slides] [https://zenomt.github.io/mdslides/ github markdown slides] [https://github.com/Patternslib/slides Patternslib slides markdown] probably without pptx support *ai office [https://github.com/dream-num/univer/ univer], [https://github.com/dream-num/Luckysheet Luckysheet] [https://github.com/ruilisi/fortune-sheet fortune-sheet] *weather [https://github.com/Himanshu3412/Weather-Forecast Weather Forecast], [https://github.com/kaushalsahu07/weather weather needs API key], ==Future== [https://github.com/ARMSX2/ARMSX2 Arm pi of pcsx2], [https://github.com/Joshua-Riek/armbian-build Linux Armbian builds for old mobile devices], [], [https://tube.cadence.moe/ Cloudtube], [https://github.com/TeamPiped/documentation/blob/main/content/docs/public-instances/index.md TeamPiped], [], [], [], [https://hyperpipe.codeberg.page/ hyperpipe], [https://ytify.pp.ua/ ytify], [], [], [ ytdl], [https://github.com/golddominik893/liberatube liberatube] [https://git.lolcat.ca/lolcat/4get 4get], [https://github.com/hnhx/librex librex], [], [], {{BookCat}} p4ys8wekvfehjg8bwcsn78y4vxttius 4680905 4680694 2026-11-08T07:44:52Z Jeff1138 301139 4680905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ArosNav}} [[#Native]] [[#Hosted]] [[#Build]] [[#Hardware]] [[#References]] [[#Future]] ==Introduction== [[File:Wanderer00.png|thumb|Wanderer on Aros Pi3b]] [[File:Scalos00.png|thumb|Scalos on Aros Pi3b]] [[File:DOpus5Magellan00.png|thumb|DOpus5 Magellan on Aros Pi3b]] Aros aims to cover Pi 3 to 5 512Mb+ RAM Options to boot from using a good power source to prevent the yellow lightning symbol. *With Pi3b+ the max you can get is 5.1V 2.5A with micro usb. *With Pi4 5.1V 3A with usb-c *With Pi5 5.1V 5A, the amps went ever upwards, even to 5.1V 9A with usb-c * Pi500+ keyboard wedge - working but not much tested esp [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/48e9c8edcca4b5c1e1fe0b1123f2129f624af67b power button] * Pi500 wedge with up to date bootloader via PiOS - working but not much testing esp [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/48e9c8edcca4b5c1e1fe0b1123f2129f624af67b power button] * Pi 5 - Quad A76 64bit ARMv8 and RP1 "southbridge" with VideoCore 7 D0 (rev1.1) - untested * Pi 5 - Quad A76 64bit ARMv8 and RP1 "southbridge" with VideoCore 7 Pre-D0 C1 (Rev1.0) - untested * Pi400 RPI-400 keyboard wedge - resolution changing and audio from micro hdmi0 (near 40pin) and micro hdmi1 (near usb-c psu) - Fn F10 0x5e power on and off works or held down for over 7 seconds auto shutdown - keyboard ok - wifi and lan ethernet testing - * Pi 4 - Quad A72 64bit ARMv8 with VideoCore 6 * Pi 3 - Quad A53 [https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/processors.html 64 bit] ARMv8 with VideoCore 4 with '''fan''' to prevent overheating cpu 82C+ throttling * Pi02W - Quad A53 64bit - boots but [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?p=2387984#p2387984 usb not working but did in the past], * Pi 2 - Quad 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - mostly not 64bit compatible * Pi Model B+ 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - not 64bit compatible * Pi Model A and B 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - not 64bit compatible ===Native=== * 2013-03 Kalamatee starts work * 2015-04 Work continues with mschulz on the kernel and Kalamatee (NicJA) on gpio and usb * 2018 [https://www.patreon.com/posts/i-owe-you-some-20956961 mschulz resume adding BE big endian support], [https://www.patreon.com/michal_schulz/posts Big endian on Pi] * 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=bsek latest commits for pi 3b, 4 and 5 64bit] * 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=metaneutrons latest commits for Pi5] * 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=bitplane latest commits for ARM] ====64bit==== '''Download''' A [https://archive.org/details/piAROS Pi Distribution (Distro) has started] and the contents copied to fat32 8GB+ microSD card (there will be drawers/folders - boot c Classes Demos Developer Devs Extras etc only showing). The SD can be plugged in to the Pi. And power on. [https://pi.amiga.icu/ Repository] '''Not recommended''' but [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html RaspberryPi 3, 3+, 4 and 5 64bit ArmV8 nightly builds] [https://sourceforge.net/projects/aros/files/ and alternative site and nightly2] which is a test version of '''very few''' apps with both raspi-aarch64-system and raspi-aarch64-contrib can be unbz2'd to a SD or SSD as appropriate. 64bit build works well on a single core LE little endian. [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html raspi-aarch64-smp-system multicore is available] [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/1df0747c2bda3523a43029725a709b1f377d84ec]. Any issues booting could be down to the SD card so please use another SD to see if it is resolved. Remember Aros Arm uses FAT32 and Aros can detect issues with this format very acutely (once fault found, FAT 0x0FFFFFF7 bad cluster so no files written after that, no repair). Please report your experiences in the [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2138&pid=15057#post_15057 Aros forum thread], [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewforum.php?f=179 Raspberry Pi Aros Dev and User forums], [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?p=2387984#p2387984 previous Raspberry Pi forum thread]. Any bugs or issues can be [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/issues described here to fix] *Pi500+ untested usb3 booting or nvme ssd *Pi500 untested usb3 booting *Pi5 untested usb3 booting *Pi400 boots with '''USB3''' port based sata3 ssd *Pi4 untested (may need eeprom update from PiOS or Pi SD Imager) *Pi 3 B+ is pre-configured for USB sata3 boot - untested *Pi 3 B may need [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubnwvxF3Klc PiOS to set OTP to boot from usb - do so at your own risk] - if OTP set to usb, boot works but slower than SD card Speed write wise (top faster) <pre> *NVME Pi5 untested >1000MB/sec or faster if matched correctly *Sata3 ssd 500MB/sec *SD V90 90MB/sec 4K maybe 8K *SD V60 60MB/sec 1080p *SD U3 V30 30MB/sec 720p *SD C10 U1 V10 A1 A2 10MB/sec minimum should be used now *SD C06 6MB/sec *SD C04 4MB/sec </pre> As a homage to the past, Aros shows a reduced number of icons but this can be changed by left mouse click in the window and then right click down to Window -> View -> All files Windows can be manipulated by the top (moving) and the bottom right corner (resizing) only. Zune like MUI gui interface, has a unique quirk in that after changing a setting in a text box, you may sometimes need to press Enter/Return before clicking OK, Save, etc Double left mouse click on most picture (Developer/Debug/Tests/Datatypes), audio and video files are supported, via datatypes, by the multiview application. Esc escape key usually closes open windows even the desktop In Prefs/Appearance some decorative theming elements need work. There is a few Mason icons in /Prefs/Presets/Icons/Mason/ and the ever present default Gorilla - Icon exchange in works For more intensive graphics applications, you may need to edit config.txt in the root folder and change 128M to 256M to adjust more memory to graphics usage If your cursor should '''appear''' to vanish, fear not it is still there. Please head to the top of the screen i.e. the title bar, hold down the left click mouse and drag the screen down a little and the cursor will appear again. Then you can drag the screen up again. Like most amiga like OSs the audio and networking need to be setup manually Audio AHI prefs - Mode settings tab - needs both Music unit and Unit 0 set to RPiHDMI:16 bit stereo++ or RPiPWM:16 bit stereo++ at 44100Hz. Press '''Save or Use''' button after each choice For wireless, please use the Wifi prefs and already selected device bwfm.device. Press Scan and double right click on the router and enter password. You may need to setup after every power off *if asking for password again - press cancel and go to Network Prefs, Wireless Networks tab and highlight the router line and hit the remove button and press the cancel button. Retry with Wifi prefs again *...waiting for an address - Disconnect and try Connect Until, Connected to <router> - 192.168.x.x For lan ethernet port, please use Network prefs and the following hardware is *lan9514 Pi3b Pi2 not supported at the moment *lan7515 Pi3b+ type into Device usblan78xx.device as net0: remove other device(s) *bcmgenet Pi4 Pi400 choose for Device bcmgenet.device *cdnsgem Pi5 Pi500 Pi500+ RP1 i/o for cadencegem (network prefs may forget random information when rebooted) Summary <pre> ̽*Pi3a̹+ wifi works, *Pi3b ethernet not supported, usb ethernet not working but wifi prefs setup works *Pi3b+ wifi working and ethernet works *Pi4 untested *Pi400 wifi and ethernet untested *Pi5 wifi and ethernet untested *Pi500 wifi and ethernet untested *Pi500+ wifi works </pre> Type in 'aarch64' in the [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=search&tool=simple search box] and you will see available software packages / apps. apkg can be used to inspect and install applications. [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser amelinium web browser] (JS 1.6 ES9 ECMASCript 2018) is available with an [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=122494&page=88 eab thread] reminiscent of [https://github.com/zapek/Voyager Voyager] and to a lesser extent [https://github.com/amigazen/aweb3/ Aweb] JavaScript 1.5 (ECMAScript 3) as css and javascript websites can be slow to load or resolve (no JIT). Press Cancel at screenmode selector or -wb argument to get windowed version. You could use the Shift + Del shortcut or mouse wheel should work to delete all text at once. Html5test gives 189 (1.29), 300 (1.31), 301 (1.39), 316 (1.59) out of 555. You may have to delete the cache (Menu -> Page -> Delete cache) to fully retest big Amelinium updates or free up space. Be aware [https://pianetaamiga.it/en/reportage-pianeta-amiga-2026/ some site pages] can use up hundreds of MBs of cache very quickly DNS lookup failed... try other websites a few times but then reboot Aros and setup wifi again - repeat until it works again youtube video and audio - js button for javascript must be on/shaded - Settings -> Soundoutput - AHI Any restriction to lower resolutions is due to [https://docs.invidious.io/faq/#q-where-are-the-360p480p1080p-quality-options bandwidth]. Either CPU/GPU, internet speed and/or video quality. Pi3 can expect up to 480p (wifi) and up to 720p (ethernet). Pi4 expect (wifi) (ethernet). If no separate audio stream error - set settings -> Video quality to 360p or lower as Youtube has a fallback mode at that level Keep youtube length playback to under 2 hours https://t.me/s/channel_name for Telegram public messages from [https://t.me/s/AROS_official AROS_official] [https://t.me/s/vamped_amiga vamped_amiga] [https://t.me/s/demoscenecracktros demoscenecracktros] *art local js apps like dpaint.js There is normally no Bluetooth support for most amiga like OSs but that has changed recently [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/6942cbfbf66426d21963a7fcd8aba6aff611a9e0 work in progress] [https://github.com/RPi-Distro/bluez-firmware/tree/pios/trixie/debian/firmware/broadcom firmware] *Bluetooth 4.1 BCM43430A1.hcd Pi3B, Pi3A, Zero 2W *Bluetooth 4.2 BCM4345C0.hcd Pi3B+, Pi4 *Bluetooth 5.0 BCM4345C5.hcd Pi4B rev, CM4 and maybe Pi5 and CM5 <pre> *bthid keyboard mouse support *btserial serial *btpan short range wireless connecting devices </pre> Only the Pi5 has a RTC real time clock, the other Pis will need to use ntp services [https://github.com/tomaszstaniak/aros-dockbar dockbar has it built in and works automatically when connected to internet] [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/29cd4116330dc7f692d90757eacc59fb3f31ae70 sntp] with time.cloudflare.com pool.ntp.org or Cloudflare 162.159.200.1, 162.159.200.123, 2606:4700:f1::1, 2606:4700:f1::123 or [https://github.com/bohunamiga/PiNTP PiNTP -s goodtime.ijs.si or ntp1.ptb.de] to get the date and time from the internet. Can use date in a shell e.g. date 24-Dec-2026 23:59:59 but this will need to be done again after every reset/power off. Maybe hardware [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/28674a157bc56175aa668e7b62dca6fa740578dc ds3231 rtc] with dtoverlay=i2c-rtc,ds3231 in config.txt It helps to have all usb devices already plugged in before power on to detect at the moment. Even then some usb devices will freeze the mouse cursor and the only resolution is to remove the offending usb device and reinsert. Sometimes, the reinsert leads to the mouse cursor vanishing, it is still there and responds to left mouse clicks, top of the screen and pull down the screen. USB classes support from Prefs/Trident is still work in process *usbaudio working on usb3 port (blue) on pi4, 400 but not working (no rt isochronous) on usb2otg (white or black) for pi3b, zero 2w *[https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/camd camdusbmidi] detects midi devices without a preferences file (Prefs/Env-Archive/sys/midi.prefs) as [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBxHkwy4Nrw auto setup now] possibly with [https://github.com/metaneutrons/mt32-pi metaneutrons mt32-pi] [https://github.com/rtzor/mt32-pi mt32-pi fork] [https://github.com/ahmadexp/mt32-pi fork] [https://github.com/gmcn42/mt32-pi-control control of] [https://github.com/dwhinham/mt32-pi mt32-pi pi3+]. Alternative of [https://homspace.nl/samplerbox/ SamplerBox]. Will need developer clang gcc tools to look at 64bit ports of [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=driver/audio/usbmidi.i386-aros.lha usbmidi], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/CAMD_Toolkit CAMD_Toolkit], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/camdtools camdtools], [https://github.com/cnvogelg/amiditools amiditools], [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos horny src], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/horny-base horny-base], [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/index.html BnP], [https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=audio/misc/timidity.lha timidity], Regarding 680x0 emulation, there are several options that could be considered but most not fully implemented *[https://github.com/kaffeine1/kaffeine kaffeine] m68k jit emu with Amiga system OS fɹiendly calls going to Aros ones *[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/blob/6722a0ae9e03fe5d26e32703360bd2059e0864cc/rom/m68kemu/README.md?plain=1#L424 m68kemu.library] for some Amiga productivity where the cpu is emulated and the system calls are redirected to Aros ones *[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amiberry amiberry] (winuae) for everything else like games *[https://github.com/jonx/AROS/tree/aarch64-darwin-graft/arch/all-darwin/libs/emu68k emu68k] *[https://scriptedamigaemulator.net/ Scripted Amiga] with [https://github.com/naTmeg/ScriptedAmigaEmulator ScriptedAmigaEmulator] or older [https://github.com/gbraad-amiga/ScriptedAmigaEmulator2 ScriptedAmigaEmulator2] [https://pinout.xyz/ GPIO 40 pins] [https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/raspberry-gpio/gpio-pinout pinout] Some exceptions: *Physical pins 27, 28 (GPIO0, 1) are an internal I2C bus and should not be used *The other I2C on pins 3, 5 (GPIO 2, 3) can be used generally, but be aware they have permanent pull-up resistors to 3.3V *For MIDI use USB but there are dedicated UART pins 8, 10 (GPIO 14, 15). With a HAT it's more awkward -- you need to know which pins are used by the HAT and avoid them. Hopefully this will be documented. Remember all GPIOs are 3.3V (not 5V tolerant), floating/noisy inputs can cause odd behavior, and that shorting the power supplies can cause instant death of the Pi. In the shell (Cntrl + C to end) GPIO PIN/A/N,SET/N,GET/S,MODE/K,PULL/K Controls and queries hardware GPIO pins via gpio.resource which is stored in the rom or Devs/ '''please test''' *PIN -- (Required) Target GPIO pin number (e.g. 12). *SET -- Set pin output value to 0 (LOW) or 1 (HIGH). *GET -- Read and print current digital input level (0 or 1). *MODE -- Configure pin mode: IN (Input), OUT (Output), ALT (Alternate). *PULL -- Configure pull resistor: NONE, UP, DOWN. EXAMPLES <pre> GPIO 12 MODE OUT GPIO 12 SET 1 GPIO 12 GET GPIO 13 PULL UP </pre> [https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io/en/stable/installing.html Current] [https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io/en/v1.2.0/api_boards.html old support for gpiozero is unknown at present] [https://energenie4u.co.uk/res/pdfs/ENER314%20UM.pdf and associated 433MHz equipment] [ USA X10 security and lights via USB] [ OpenHab with Shelly Smart Plug connected over Wi-Fi, controlled by MQTT or HTTP] Printing only with Postscript, GutenPrint (in Aros Ports) and [https://github.com/bohunamiga/MintPRINT one] of [https://github.com/boingball/MintPRINT two] [https://github.com/Andiweli/AmiAirPrint/tree/main AirPrint] [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/89f590b72115e468b1dd4d9bfa07c081a178ca59 IPP.device] has been attempted with [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2061&pid=13954#post_13954 discussion] Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dZwGkUKAmA Pi3A̟+ (plus) with smp build and PiAROS], [], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4fmWAIv7FE Aros native on Pi3b], [], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSxlYb1eQWU Installed on Pi3b+], [], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFF1H3jCoz8 testing Aros native on Pi400], [], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIVx7mh1E1Q&pp=ygUHYXJvcyBwadIHCQkTDAGHKiGM7w%3D%3D Aros on Thumb 2 based 32bit-ish ARM STM32H743 board], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQM4CD64xDE&t=612s&pp=ugUEEgJlbg%3D%3D Performance under Linux] but on Aros... {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Pi ! width="10%" |Single Core 2D ! width="10%" |Single Core 3D ! width="10%" |Single Core 3D ! width="10%" |SMP 2D ! width="10%" |SMP 3D ! width="10%" |SMP 3D ! width="35%" |Comments |- | <!--Pi-->Pi3 | <!--Single Core 2D--> | <!--Single Core 3D--> | <!--Single Core 3D--> | <!--SMP 2D--> | <!--SMP 3D--> | <!--SMP 3D--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} ==== 32bit ==== For the Pi1 Pi2 Pi2B the status of AROS native ARMv6 for 32bit RasPi was OK. System booting, USB working (although with some issues but plans to fix them). 32bit native [http://www.aros.org/nightly1.html ARMv6 32bit nightlys] raspi-armhf-system raspi-armhf-contrib unbz2'd to fat32 microSD ===Hosted=== AArch64 CPU backend for AROS, a Cocoa/Metal display, clipboard / host-volume / CoreAudio / BSD-sockets bridges, GPU 2D via gpufx.library, a 68k→AArch64 JIT (run68k), and a full Rust std port. On [https://www.jkn.me/blog/macaros-aros-on-apple-silicon/ latest Apple Silicon Macs] [https://github.com/jonx/Macaros early alpha version of hosted Aros .dmg on MacOS12+]. Please use [https://github.com/jonx/Macaros/issues MACAros github] for issues, features etc and possibly [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2030&pid=13910#post_13910 here] with [https://github.com/pomaros pomaros]. There is a [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2076&highlight=jonx&pid=14193#post_14193 work in progress native Mac Apple silicon M1 M2 M3 version]. [https://github.com/icepic/aros-compiler-arm64/releases/tag/image-aarch64-aros-20261103 Arm Docker] [http://www.aros.org/snapshots1.html old linux and android hosted 32bit] ==== Hosted ==== =====64bit===== [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2019&rowstart=80&pid=13667#post_13667 Ubuntu Linux PC hosted Pi compiler build] [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/aros-compiler-docker Docker based cross compiler for various Aros systems], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2019&rowstart=80 From the Aros Raspberry pi 3 64bit thread] Instructions on building 64-bit Raspberry Pi AROS and cross-compiler from sources. You will need: - Ubuntu 24.04 or 26.04 - qemu-system-aarch64 installed - Internet connection - rpi-scripts.tar.gz downloaded (https://axrt.org/download/aros/rpi/rpi-scripts.tar.gz) 1) Install prerequisites: sudo apt install git gcc g++ make gawk bison flex bzip2 netpbm autoconf automake libc6-dev liblzo2-dev libpng-dev gcc-multilib byacc python3-mako cmake yasm curl nasm 2) Clone sources cd <project-directory> git clone https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS.git --recurse-submodules 3) Extract rpi-scripts.tar.gz. Copy all files into your project directory so that you have: AROS (the directory with cloned sources) fix-dotdot.py rebuild.sh recreate-sdcard.sh run-qemu.sh update-sdcard.sh 4) Run ./rebuild.sh. Select option 1) toolchain-core-aarch64 This will execute process of building a cross-compiler. During this process packages will be downloaded from Internet. This process can take up to 2 hours. If there are some missing dependencies, install them with 'sudo apt install' and restart this step. 5) Run ./rebuild.sh again. Select option 2) core-raspi-aarch64 This will build system files for 64-bit Raspberry Pi AROS. This process can take around an hour. 6) Run ./recreate-sdcard.sh This will create an sdcard.img file with contents of previous step. 7) Run ./run-qemu.sh This will start QEMU with SD card image and ROM images. It will boot into AROS. =====32bit===== Ubuntu VM approach to compiling [http://lallafa.de/blog/2013/06/building-aros-hosted-for-raspbian/ Linux hosted AROS June 04, 2013] ../AROS/configure --target=linux-armhf --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include --x-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include --x-libraries=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib arm-elf- is symbol-linked to arm-linux-gnueabi- (arm-linux-gnueabi- is more correct in this case, because it's going to be compiling the ARM AROSBootstrap for ARM Linux) *armel - many of the "android" machines require since the entire OS is made for soft float VFP. *armfp - Efika MX target, Raspberry PI, EfikaMX, Pandora and virtually everything (VFP) Keep in mind it's possible to start hardfp AROS hosted on softfp system, though, as long as no calls between AROS and host require floating point parameters. NOTE: hardfloat objects *cannot* be linked with softfloat objects - they have a different ABI. Just keep in mind the arm nightly build machine is quite complex beast. It needs the x86_64 host compiler to compile AROS tools. The arm version is built every night using gcc-4.6.2 crosscompiler (built together with AROS) and successfully builds armel and armhf linux hosted targets. *needs an AROS code compiler for ARM target *as well as unix compiler for ARM linux host (would be best to have both softfp and armhf, we have softfp only now) with full set of libraries and includes. with—disable-crosstools $AROS_CC is always a wrapper around $KERNEL_CC ? If so, this is wrong for some ports. This can break Darwin, Windows and Android port. Yes, Android port will build. And even work. But it's not good because the port will not be ABI-compatible with other ARM ports. Android's ABI is different from GNUEABI. For example: <pre> enum test {foo, bar}; enum test testvar; </pre> sizeof(testvar) will be equal to sizeof(int) in GNUEABI (Linux and AROS) and sizeof(short) on Android. This affects linking objects from static linklibs, for example. Previously everything worked because $AROS_CC was a wrapper on top of $HOST_CC. And a real crosscompiler was used on non-ELF hosts. Android is the same. $KERNEL_CC is incompatible with AROS. compiler=kernel is appropriate _ONLY FOR CODE WHICH RUNS ON HOST OS_ (or barebone hardware, if we talk about native). This includes bootstraps, their linklibs, and host-side dynamic libraries (Windows makes extensive use of them because of architectural considerations. No single AROS object should be compiled with this setting. $KERNEL_CC is really compatible with AROS *ONLY IN LINUX-HOSTED* and no more. On other systems (Darwin, Windows, Android) this is not true any more, and compiler=kernel is never going to work. If you want to compile your AROS module against host OS includes, append the following to USER_INCLUDES (or USER_CFLAGS, this is effectively the same): -isystem $(GENINCDIR) $(KERNEL_INCLUDES) $(KERNEL_INCLUDES) expands to: -isystem <your_os_includes> -isystem <host_OS_gcc_private_includes> -nostdinc This makes AROS compiler adhering to host OS APIs. If you want some preprocessor symbols based on what your host OS actually is, add something like -DHOST_OS_$(AROS_HOST_ARCH). Why is there $(GENINCDIR) at all? Because host OS has its own libc includes, which would conflict with AROS ones. And the host OS libc is not binary-compatible with AROS one. Why doesn't Windows-hosted port use $(KERNEL_INCLUDES) ? Because WinAPI includes conflict with AROS ones in fundamental typedefs, like WORD, BYTE and BOOL. It's almost impossible to deal with this in any other way than rewriting WinAPI definitions using AROS types. Building under centos 6.3 (i386) currently, and AROS creates the toolchain itself. haven't yet committed the necessary changes but "./configure --target=raspi-armhf" is enough to start, then "make arosboot-raspi" will generate arosraspi.img (containing the bootstrap, kernel.resource, and exec.library) as well as arosraspi.rom (containing all the other essentials components such as dos, graphics etc). It will also copy over a config.txt file to make the raspi bootstrap code load the correct kernel, and a cmdline.txt that enables exec debug output. *armel = typically Debian 6, Ubuntu Maverick, Android, *armhf = typically Debian 7, Debian 8, Ubuntu Precise, Cross-compiling Ubuntu ARM softfp <pre> sudo sh echo 'foreign-architecture armel' >>/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch echo 'deb [arch=armel] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ precise main universe' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/armel.list apt-get update apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi libx11-dev:armel libsdl-dev:armel </pre> <pre> ./configure --target=linux-arm --x-includes=/usr/include \ --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/include </pre> Cross-compiling Ubuntu ARM hard-float <pre> sudo sh echo 'foreign-architecture armhf' >>/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch echo 'deb [arch=armhf] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ precise main universe' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/armhf.list apt-get update apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf libx11-dev:armhf libsdl-dev:armhf </pre> <pre> ./configure --target=linux-armhf --x-includes=/usr/include \ --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include </pre> Now, the AROS build is configured properly and all you need to do is: make ==Build== ===64bit=== [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/blob/7016ce28bfdb754182edb16011c98faaf5413c29/arch/aarch64-raspi/boot/mmakefile.src#L180 boot makefile] ===32bit=== # download/checkout the source someplace, e.g. /build/AROS-Src/ # make a directory to store external sources AROS downloads, e.g. /build/Ports # make a build directory, e.g. /build/aros-raspi-armhf # cd into the build dir, configure, and then run make -: <pre> >cd /build/aros-raspi-armhf >/build/AROS-Src/configure --target=raspberrypi-armhf --with-serial-debug --enable-ccache --with-portssources=/build/Ports >make >make arosboot-raspi </pre> then copy the files from /build/aros-raspi-armhf/bin/raspi-armhf/AROS/ onto an sdcard, and download/copy the Raspi firmware files onto it. You should then be able to boot the sdcard on your RasPi. The current W.I.P tree to svn. it can be built as follows .. <pre> ./configure --target=raspi-armhf make arosboot-raspi </pre> That will generate arosraspi.img, arosraspi.rom and config.txt in bin/raspi-arm/AROS - so either copy just those files to a fat formatted SD card (with the firmware files on), or copy the whole contents of the AROS folder. NB - if you have a Linux/other install, backup the existing config.txt first arosraspi.img contains the bootstrap (which has very basic mailbox code, framebuffer/gpio init, and console "emulation" via code pinched from our libbootconsole), kernel.resource, and exec.library arosraspi.rom contains all the other components needed to boot AROS. The config.txt file will tell the RasPI bootstrap to load the arosraspi kernel and ramdisk (rom). the bootstrap has minimal mailbox code, planning on adding either a resource or library that driver/app code will use to access it (likewise for GPIO) Help building AROS hosted on Linux ARM Was looking a way to use more my Handheld ARM based called Pyra (Dragonbox Pyra) an ARM (Omap5 cpu with 4GB ram) linux based machine (Debian Buster v10 with kernel 5.6.19 adapted) and have a try to compile the latest Aros sources by Deadwood directly on this device. Compilation stops after build libpopupmenu.a and trying to build libatomic have this error: <pre> Configuring build in bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --disable-nls, --without-x checking for --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs... no checking for --enable-generated-files-in-srcdir... no checking build system type... arm-unknown-linux-gnu checking host system type... arm-unknown-aros checking target system type... arm-unknown-aros checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for arm-aros-strip... /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-strip checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p checking for gawk... no checking for mawk... mawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking whether make supports nested variables... yes checking for arm-aros-gcc... /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-gcc checking whether the C compiler works... no configure: error: in /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic': configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables See config.log' for more details make[2]: *** [mmakefile:4489: /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic/.configured] Error 77 [MMAKE] make --no-print-directory TOP=/media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build SRCDIR=/media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/AROS CURDIR=tools/crosstools/gnu TARGET=tools-crosstools-gcc-libatomic-configure -s --file=mmakefile tools-crosstools-gcc-libatomic-configure failed: 512 [MMAKE] Error: Error while running make in tools/crosstools/gnu: No such file or directory make[1]: *** [Makefile:361: linklibs-libatomic] Error 10 make: *** [Makefile:183: crosstools] Error 2 </pre> looking at config.log on arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic found that arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-ld: cannot find -laeabi so do make linklibs-aeabi-arm-quick and the missing lib was built. now the next stop is at fatal error: bits/libc-header-start.h: No such file or directory and fatal error: sys/cdefs.h: No such file or directory in many places so after checking that have this missing include files i have noted that my include path is a bit different, standard searching path is /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf but in my system is /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf so if i add my path to some mmakefiles compilation goes on....but is a better way to add this path to avoid every mmakefiles to be changed? fixed with adding -I/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf to where is missing on mmakefiles like USER_INCLUDES := -isystem $(GENINCDIR) -I/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf $(KERNEL_INCLUDES) P.s. I have changed many mmakefiles and have at least compiled (after many hours) the toolchain doing make every time in arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build (also have to disable making tests under cplusplus but don't remember the directory ...) but ask an help to have an automated way to correctly build without modify mmakefiles. Last time built armhf target was around 2 years ago. At that point built is via cross-compilation from linux (ubuntu 22.04) using linux armhf crosscompiler (this can explain the path differences you are experiencing) as well as using AROS gcc cross-compiler in version 6.5.0 (build with option 21) in rebuild.sh). Since then AROS GCC has been updated to 10.5.0 and don't believe anyone tried to build the armhf target again. My suggestion would be to downgrade GCC to 6.5.0 (via editing AROS/config/gcc_def file) and try to first build using cross-compilation from x86_64 linux. Once that works, you will have a "template" to compare to native compilation under arm linux. Thanks for your suggestion...but think the toolchain with GCC 10.5.0 is compilable if i found a way to pass the path of my system to the script that build (option 21 on rebuild). The other only changes are (but don't know where to modify...) is to add the build of libaeabi and disable the building of some tests under cplusplus that use exceptions and is not supported under ARM. try to crosscompile with my Linux amd64 PC. For paths look into core-linux-armhf/bin/linux-armhf/gen/config/target.cfg. A number of build-wide variable is set there containing paths to local build system. These variables and the target.cfg file are generated by AROS ./configure script. Thanks compilation now go forward...changed target.cfg under "toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/config" and do make on "toolchain-core-armhf-build" dir. Need to find where to enable build libaeabi.a so can build the entire toolchain with option 21 of rebuild.sh Found something that looks like libeabi in AROS/arm-all/arm-aeabi/mmakefile.src. Try adding a third line there: #MM- linklibs-armhd : libklibs-aeabi-arm Don't remember needing this library. Possibly the 6.5.0 GCC somehow does this while 10.5.0 is missing this. Try adding this line (and the variant "linklibs-armhf" instead of hd) but it did not solve the automatic building of the missing lib. I must do "linklibs-aeabi-arm-quick". Anyway after have build the aeabi lib i succefully built the toolchain (after many hours...). Smile To test I restarted from selecting option 21 (on rebuild.sh) but after many hours i get the same error of the kernel includes not found...maybe i need to modify the configure script for my case. With the toolchain built i try to build the core-linux-armhf (DEBUG) (option 22) but after a while it stopped with "cannot find -laeabi " so i made it built manually...and now i can continue compiling...i'll let you know if all goes ok. == Hardware == ===64bit=== ====BCM2712==== With the Pi5 Broadcom VideoCore 7 vc7 is an integrated GPU with 12 cores and up to 800 MHz clock. VideoCore VII is capable of OpenGL ES 3.1 and Vulkan 1.2. The driver support for the Raspberry Pi continues to build upon the [https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20230928114532.167854-1-itoral@igalia.com/ open-source V3D driver] stack within [https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/merge_requests/25450 Mesa] hopefully be merged for Mesa 23.3. x265 HEVC accelerated untested, x264/h.264 and VP9 cpu only. *Raspberry Pi M.2 HAT+ Expansion Board *Geekworm X1001 PCIe to M.2 Key-M NVMe *Geekworm X1003 PCIe to M.2 HAT NVMe SSD PIP Board for Raspberry Pi 5 *Pineboards Pi Hut HatDrive! M.2 HAT 2024/V4 *Hat+ Gen2 Gen3 Nvme *GeeekPi 52Pi N04 for Raspberry Pi 5 NVME M.2 * *2024 RPI AI HAT - Hailo 20TOPs no LLMs *2026 RPI AI HAT+ 2 - Hailo 40TOPs slightly better? [https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html Cameras for Pi] *Raspberry Pi camera module, the V3 with Sony IMX708 back-illuminated CMOS 12 Megapixel sensor *Raspberry Pi Camera Module V2 – 8MP Sony IMX219 Sensor *Raspberry Pi camera Rev 1.3, 5MP 1080P OV5647 image/video module, 2592 x 1944 pixels H.265 / HEVC decoder is a HEVCv2 Main 4:4:4 10 design supporting bitstreams up to profile 5.1 HEVC hardware decode supports 4kp60, 10-bit. Audio output is pretty much unchanged, but the HDMI audio channels now support 8x192kHz bitrates ====BCM2711==== With the Pi4 an ARM a72 cpu is about x3 times the size of an a53 in the Pi3 the 2711b line used more power when idle, compared to the 2711c *2018 Raspberry Pi PoE HAT Power Over Ethernet Hat - design issues *2020 Raspberry Pi PoE+ HAT Power Over Ethernet Hat Pi3b+ Pi4 only - better design *Waveshare PoE HAT (B) with cooling fan for Raspberry Pi 3B+/4B 802.3af PoE *[https://github.com/axizo-pi/V3DLib vc6 V3D 4.2] is derived from [https://docs.broadcom.com/doc/12358545 vc4], but it is [https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/v3d.html significantly different] The QPU pipeline stays mostly the same, you still have an add ALU and a multiply ALU and it can issue two ALU OPs per cycle. There is still 4 SIMD lanes, interleaved over 4 cycles. The instruction encoding for the QPUs is different, but the core instructions are the same. Instructions for packed 8 bit int math has been dropped, along with most of the pack modes. Instructions for packed 16bit float math has been added (2 floats at in a single operation) With vc5/vc6, you write two packed 16f value to the tilebuffer (or four writes of 32f, if you are using the rgba32f framebuffer). And there is a handy vfpack operation which allows you to pack two f32s into a single 32bit value in a single instruction. You can vfpack directly into the tile buffer register. the multiply ALU can now fadd, so you can issue two fadds per instruction. the add ALU has gained a bunch of new instructions the A and B register files have been merged. You still only get an A read and a B read per instruction, but they read from one big register file (which means the underlying memory block has gone from two sets of "one read port, one write port" to one "two read ports, one write port" block) The theoretical max FLOPs per QPU remains the same at two per cycle, other than the bump from 400mhz to 500mhx but it looks like a lot of effort has been put putting those theoretical FLOPs to better use. *vc4 could run one or two threads per QPU. When you ran in two thread mode, the available register file halfed to 32 registers. *vc5 added a four thread per QPU mode, with 16 registers per thread. *vc6 doubled the size of the register file. You could now use all 64 threads in two thread mode and 32 registers in for thread mode. Single thread mode was removed, you always have at least two threads. With the threading improvements, the QPUs should spent much less time idle waiting NOPs for memory requests. Most of the design changes have gone to improving the fixed function hardware around the QPUs. A fixed function blend unit has been added, which should reduce load on the QPUs when doing alpha blending. hope software blending is still possible The tile buffer can now store upto 4 render targets (up to 128bits per pixel, so if you are using 4 32bit render targets, you can't have a depth buffer) A MMU, allowing a much simpler/faster kernel driver. Many more texture formats, framebuffer formats. h264/x264 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/caecd66a9508acb0e9ef0a07169a14c33007b208 VideoCore hardware decoding through VCHIQ/MMAL (Pi 1–4)], H.265 / HEVC decoder is a HEVCv2 Main 4:4:4 10 design supporting bitstreams up to profile 5.1 HEVC hardware decode supports 4kp60, 10-bit. Audio output is pretty much unchanged, but the HDMI audio channels now support 8x192kHz bitrates All the features needed for opengl es 3.0 Each ALU typically have 2 floating point operators, and as you pointed out in a earlier post videocore 6 is no exception, with both a multiply and additive floating point operator. Thus theoretical GFLOPs are calculated with both operators in mind. That is what the 2 in my formula represents, and is common across any modern programmable shader, whether you calculate Nvidia, AMD, Intel, Boardcom or any other company's GPUs. Total ALUs * 2 * GHz clock = GFLOPs, In the case of Raspberry Pi 3, it's 24 ALUs * 2 operators * 0.4GHz = 19.2GFLOPs If the Videocore 6 does indeed only have 16 ALUs (16 * 2 * 0.5GHz), you'd have only 16GFLOPs but they are better utilised Possible maximum performance <pre> VideoCore IV @ 250MHz: 250 [MHz] x 3 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 24 Gflop/s VideoCore IV @ 300MHz: 300 [MHz] x 3 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 28.8 Gflop/s VideoCore VI @ 500MHz: 500 [MHz] x 2 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 32 Gflop/s </pre> Faster LPDDR4 memory. ====BCM2837==== With the Pi3 * Broadcom BCM43438 chip provides 2.4&nbsp;GHz 802.11n wireless LAN, Bluetooth Low Energy, and Bluetooth 4.1 Classic radio support, 3B+ [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/afa5bc0bb17d5dd06bcfdbac00853a3799ca8d76 LAN7515] The overclock ability has diminished with each chip version as the energy usage has increased. BCM2837 is one of the warmest yet and benefits from active fan cooling if all four cpu cores are in use for a short while. Video playback maybe affected due to the lack of custom support in the GPU with Aros. 5 V / 2.4 or 2.5 amp power supply recommended if all four cpu cores are running, else throttling (cpu slowdown) might occur. [https://github.com/hermanhermitage/videocoreiv/wiki/VideoCore-IV-Programmers-Manual Dual VDP] and scalable QPU in [https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/vc4.html VC4] and x.264/h.264 accelerated untested only and VP9 on cpu or neon help ARMv8-A has [https://developer.arm.com/documentation/102412/0100/Privilege-and-Exception-levels privilege levels] where userspace typically runs at ‘EL0’, the kernel at ‘EL1’ or ‘EL2’ and the firmware at the highest level ‘EL3’. ===32bit=== === Core Kernel === ====BCM2708(family)==== which includes the [http://elinux.org/RPi_Hardware BCM2835] (ARM1176JZF-S 700&nbsp;MHz CPU + VideoCore IV GPU + up to 1GB RAM) *Framebuffer (fb) using mailbox *IRQ scheduler, etc *Arasan based SD Card controller *Synopsis DesignWare USB 2.0 OTG controller [http://networkdirection.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106:rasperry-pi-usb-controller&catid=45:raspberry-pi&Itemid=54 Unofficial DOCS pdf], [dwc_otg.c FreeBSD], [], [https://www.riscosopen.org/viewer/view/mixed/RiscOS/Sources/HWSupport/USB/Controllers/DWCDriver/ RiscOS USB Driver], [https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/5/topics/878 RiscOS USB Discussion], [https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/11/topics/1893 Other USB RiscOS], [http://plan9.bell-labs.com/plan9/index.html Plan9 Miller's usb] http://plan9.bell-labs.com/sources/contrib/miller/, [https://github.com/Chadderz121/csud CSUD driver], *[http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/Data_Sheets/9512.pdf SMSC 9512] USB LAN/Hub chip *CMOS RAM *VCHIQ port which sends messages to the GPU e.g. for mouse, keyboard, audio on HDMI, etc *Audio Driver *Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI) *[http://www.susa.net/wordpress/2012/06/raspberry-pi-pcf8563-real-time-clock-rtc/ I2C registers] *I2S *Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) *[http://elinux.org/RPi_BCM2835_GPIOs GPIOs] and [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2012/08/17/broadcom-bcm2835-peripheral-memory-map-and-gpio-alternate-use-chart-piday-raspberrypi-raspberry_pi/ Alternative view of GPIO] BCM2836 * For Pi B+, PI 2 and Pi 3 SMSC LAN9514 chip adding 10/100 Ethernet connectivity and four USB channels to the board *[http://www.andrewscheller.co.uk/rpi_pcb_modules.html PCB], [http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals Low level features], Implemented so far... # Modify the configure system so that it correctly builds for the arm hardware float raspi target. # Implemented the bootstrap to load the aros modules and prepare the arm to jump into them. Reworked the x86 console support so that parts can be stolen for raspi to use since t has no basic functionality to output to the display. # Implemented a kernel.resource to prepare the raspi for running aros and provide the low level api calls to expose available resources and allow exec, etc function. # Implemented serial debug support # Implemented the exec (and kernel) functionality required to make multitasking work (and interrupts, exceptions, syscalls, etc) # Implemented a timer.device to utilise the hardware timers. # Implemented a very basic gfx driver to expose the hardware's framebuffer. # Implemented an SD-Card driver for AROS which presently only supports the raspi's chipset but can easily be modified to support all sd-card hardware and media. # Fixed the fat filesystem support in AROS so that it can boot on RasPi's normal SD-Card setup. The "rom" image files needed use a different filename than the default linux, etc images so can be easily installed without harming the existing files - you only need to change the loaded images in the config file to get aros to boot. # Updated the build scripts to automatically download the necessary raspi firmware files and wrap it all up so that you can simply extract the archive to a fat formatted sdcard and boot it on the raspi without having to get anything else. # fix everything in contrib and ports to build for raspi (needs proper testing/fixes but allows every component to actually compile at least, including owb) + numerous other fixes to get things working on arm/raspi .. Improvements... # Implement a USB chipset driver "OR" finish the existing one [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/c07d13c724f944674be5db54fc6a71ee72a01809 usb otg] - the current code is mostly a skeleton that should initialise the chipset and then needs relevant code to support the different transfer types. It also has the "virtual" hub code in place to represent the raspi's USB port (from poseidons p.o.v) # Implement a driver for the USB NIC (a few weeks - depends on USB above) # Write an [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/d55d0f74d20b769bbb8c8d386e5c1d7a9154f05a audio driver] (a few weeks - independent of USB) and [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/e93a4c245f27a87c9c4c1d39206694b39059998a HDMI] # fix syscall bug in the current raspi kernel code # Graphics depend on having a decent "bcmdma.resource" implemented as to use the cpu's dma engine. The sd card driver needs to use it for transfers to/from the controller - and the gfx system needs to use it for "blitting". # [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/4019d84e4975d4dad987a12d57fe108f5ac048e6 Improve the gfx driver], [ vc4gfx HIDD] add [http://dri.freedesktop.org/wiki/VC4/ Gallium3D support] # [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/b13905b3e8e45b089f520b44692c81affddd066f Improve] the [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/3a876755c070f5c73c4f53c7f4d35b4f923088b9 sdcard] device driver - which is also pretty basic but should work with most cards, rework it to also support pci, etc. sd card interfaces on x86 # The current code using very rudimentary access to the gpio interface - so that should be implemented as some resource for other components to access, as-well as the i2c interface exposed over the gpio interface. that should have a hidd class implemented which uses the gpio resource to communicate. Boot up typical for most other OSs before the open sourcing of many binary blobs from 2017 onwards On power-up, the rpi [http://www.open.com.au/mikem/bcm2835/ BCM 2835] [https://github.com/hermanhermitage/videocoreiv VideoCore4] GPU, not the ARM CPU, is in control, and the SD card slot is the only peripheral device with power. The firmware burned into the BCM2835's VideoCoreIV GPU PROM requires a DOS-style partition table; a FAT-formatted first partition; and the freely redistributable but closed sourced Broadcom files “bootcode.bin” and “start.elf” in that partition. The boot sequence carries out several pre-boot tasks *On powering of the rpi, the GPU reads and executes bootcode.bin, which then loads start.elf *The GPU loads the “start.elf” file, eventually, into the L2 cache and then executes it *configures the memory split for the CPU and GPU *reads and parses “config.txt” from the same partition on the SD card and applies the settings (like a PC’s BIOS settings) *loads the “kernel.img” file, again from the same partition *activates the CPU to begin executing the loaded kernel image The CPU/GPU memory split is hard-coded into start.elf, so Broadcom provides three start.elf images, to give 32M, 64M, or 128M to the GPU for multimedia performance, and the remainder to the CPU. RPi uses [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware some closed source loaders] and at some point it loads a binary blob named "kernel.img" at 0x8000, at that point there would be a rudimentary Aros alive. If one wants to use the SD-card then there would have to be a driver for the interface and a fat filesystem handler (SD-card has to be formatted to fat filesystem) Boot code and kernel are now linked together and made into that binary blob, just for starters. Raspberry Pi uses [http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=133 u-boot] and [http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=138 UBoot] as bootloader, there's already some code in the Efika MX port for that. UBoot is a native bootloader and not just for the raspberry pi, it loads after start.elf. You can find Efika MX port from arch implementations, some hacking is needed for the mmakefile.src'es as iit dates back to before the Aros crosstool era or else you get some weird errors while building. You also need to code the bootstrap and serial handling. At the moment it seems that a fastest route for the native build would be to make one binary blob without using the package system. Raspberry's memory layout is pretty simple and if the implemented u-boot doesn't support loading other modules <pre> ? - alias for 'help' mtest - simple RAM test autoscr - run script from memory base - print or set address offset bbm - BBM sub-system bdinfo - print Board Info structure boot - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd' bootd - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd' bootm - boot application image from memory bootp - boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol cmp - memory compare coninfo - print console devices and information cp - memory copy crc32 - checksum calculation echo - echo args to console fatinfo - print information about filesystem fatload - load binary file from a dos filesystem fatls - list files in a directory (default /) go - start application at address 'addr' help - print online help iminfo - print header information for application image itest - return true/false on integer compare jade - loadb - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode) loads - load S-Record file over serial line loady - load binary file over serial line (ymodem mode) loop - infinite loop on address range md - memory display mm - memory modify (auto-incrementing) mtest - simple RAM test mw - memory write (fill) nfs - boot image via network using NFS protocol nm - memory modify (constant address) pci - list and access PCI Configuration Space ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network host printenv - print environment variables rarpboot - boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol reset - Perform RESET of the CPU run - run commands in an environment variable saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage saves - save S-Record file over serial line setenv - set environment variables sleep - delay execution for some time tftpboot - boot image via network using TFTP protocol USB - USB sub-system usbboot - boot from USB device version - print monitor version </pre> And there is one more thing about modular ports. In order to actually implement this, your bootstrapping environment should provide the ability to load several files. On PC this is provided by GRUB2. on CHRP you can read filesystem via OpenFirmware, and Sam's Parthenope relies on modified u-boot. If your bootstrap allows to load only a single file, then you stuck with monolithic kickstart. By the way... u-boot allows not only to boot up a single uImage or zImage, it also allows to write client programs AFAIK. With this approach, you actually can write modular bootstrap for ARM AROS using unmodified u-boot. Most used [http://www.compulab.co.il/workspace/mediawiki/index.php5/U-Boot_quick_reference uboot options] are fatls usb 0:1, the reason behind INTB_KERNEL is to allow use of the standard Exec function AddIntServer() to add interrupt handlers for hardware drivers etc. AmigaOS never used it for abstract hardware drivers. AmigaOS routed only raw hardware IRQs there. Their assignment was hardcoded. As well as number of them. Actually on AmigaOS every bus has its own interrupt subsystem. For example PCI bus. PCI interrupts on Amiga are routed to a single exec interrupt. 1:1 relationship between CPU and hardware interrupts is present only on PC. IMHO we miss things like AddInterrupt/RemInterrupt methods on our PCI subsystem's device class. PCI bus class should map these methods to whatever is appropriate. This is how it is done on AmigaOS and friends. When these are implemented, raw kernel.resource API will be needed only for several PC-specific drivers with hardwired resources. Exec IRQs are real IRQs only on Amiga hardware. On other machines they can be emulated where appropriate (VBlank is a good example). kernel.resource is meant to be different, its IRQs are hardware-agnostic, they are plain "Hardware IRQ number X, whatever this means". They are low-level actually, and meaningful only in the context of a particular system. Was that not the transition from irq.hidd to kernel.resource? No. A long time ago there was another hacky bit named INTB_TIMERTICK. It was "abstract timer interrupt", used by timer.device. It was the same as VBlank, but with larger frequency. I removed it, because kernel.resource API was a cleaner way to access this interrupt. Furthermore, there can be more than one timer in the system. Thinking about bringing back timer HIDD definitions again. hpet.resource is a bad idea. Can someone please enlighten me a little on how the scheduler is meant to work? Poseidon.library creates its "Poseidon Event Task" during RTF_COLDSTART -> then calls Wait(), and ends up in limbo because wait disables interrupts (used for the scheduler heartbeat), and basically waits forever because the sigbit is never set, since krnSwitch doesn't switch the task unless TF_SWITCH is set, and no codepath run during this seems to set it?? TF_SWITCH does not disable/enable switching. This flag just enables to run user-supplied hook when the task is being switched away. It is completely safe to call Wait() in Disable()d state. Doing this actually temporarily breaks this state. IDNestCnt gets remembered in struct Task, then next task is selected, and its IDNestCnt is restored in sysbase (see kernel_scheduler.c). If there are no other tasks, then your cpu_Dispatch() should enable interrupts on the CPU and enter idle mode. See x86 implementation for good example. You miss what happens next... 1. KrnSwitch() saves context of your task, saves IDNestCnt (core_Switch() and cpu_Switch()), then drops into cpu_Dispatch(). 2. cpu_Dispatch() calls core_Dispatch. Then two cases are possible: 2a. There is a READY task. It is picked up, its IDNestCnt is restored in SysBase, then cpu_Dispatch() needs to restore registers and exit. The next task is run. 2b. There are no READY tasks. core_Dispatch() returns NULL. In this case your cpu_Dispatch() should enter idle loop. It should just enable interrupts on the CPU and put it on halt. This allows it to process hardware interrupts. Eventually some of your interrupt handlers wakes up your task and puts it into READY list. My heartbeat interrupt has been slowed atm to help debugging - but it never actually gets a chance to fire because of the Wait() disabling interrupts. Perhaps you have forgotten to enable interrupts in your idle loop. There is a change in the format of AROS executables. Until now we were using Elf RELocable files which are usually used as intermediate object files. We had them for various reasons, one of them was how AROS files were built in the past. That days we had no real aros cross compiler and the option to embed relocation data in unix executables (or in executable files in general) was rather new and not every linux/unix system had it. Therefore we have decided to use intermediate files. Although it was somehow working (and it is still working :-)), it has some drawbacks. Therefore decided to introduce real Elf EXEC types, in first turn implemented on ARM target with option to expand in future to all other AROS architectures. The first patch was pretty easy and appeared to work somehow. It generated nice executables with embedded relocation info. Not only that, it also removed all global symbols adjusting relocation data to be relative to the beginning of the sections. That move reduced number of symbols in each executable significantly (depending on the file between 20 and 80% of all symbols could be removed). The only symbols that stayed in the file are local ones - due to the nature of the patch wasn't able to remove them since we have not seen them in the symbol hash table. The patch didn't worked though. The files were relocated, AROS kernel loaded, but it crashed very early. What happened? Well, the nature of ARM relocations happened :) Most of the relocation data on all machines is rather simple. Relocation can be absolute or pc-relative, sometimes the offset has to be bit shifted. On ARM v7 there is another one. There, when one wants to load an address of function/variable into register a combination of two instructions can be used: movw and movt. The first one loads immediate into lower 16 bits of a register while clearing upper 16 bits. The second one loads immediate into upper 16 bits without touching lower halfword. Loading of a pointer into a register looks like this: movw r0, #:lower16:label movt r0, #:upper16:label In this case there are two relocations - one for lower halfword and another for upper. If an overflow of lower 16 bits occurs during relocation process, the upper one should be updated as well. Unfortunately with current patch and with typical ARM executables there is not enough information to perform the calculations. There are two options - the first one would be to give up and go back to "fake" executables, another one would be to change from REL to RELA relocation info. The latter contains an addend, extra data which can be used to perform all the relocation calculations I need. Decided for the second option. The patch is already in the works. There is another function for the binutils' bfd backend to perform the final relocation. There can decide what to do with every reloc info, modify data and eventually strip some symbols. An advantage is - at this stage of the linking process have also full access to all local symbols so can change all relocations section relative and eventually strip all symbols from the files. GPU VCore developed by Alphamosaic Ltd and now owned by Broadcom. Most of start.elf runs on the GPU. Placing ALL the userland GPU code in the videocore.hidd isn't going to be a terribly big problem because the code they published is nothing more than a shim that sends data straight to the GPU to execute. The good news about this is that we only need to write our HIDD using the OpenVG API. The shim is relatively small codewise and lives in the ARM memory (the actual OpenVG code itself lives in the GPU RAM area and its loaded from start.elf). That's also the bad news. Our driver has to translate AROS video calls to OpenVG calls, for most tasks it should be easy, for some, not so much. It's still probably less difficult and less work, than controlling the GPU directly. The other good news is that anything done through OpenVG happens on the GPU, its truly accelerated. It also has some nice font functions, meaning we can lead into an accelerated text mode later. Basically, AROS resets or locks up when it tries to use AROS_ATOMIC_INC or DEC. If I comment out the byte/word operations in the header files and use non-atomic operations, the code works as expected. have read that the L1 cache needs to be enabled to use LDREX and co (which I also read is only meant to be used on multi processor systems with shared memory) - however I am certain this is correctly enabled. If you are using LREX or STREX, you should have L1 cache enabled, at least on the ARM CPU I work with at work. L1 cache is enabled by enabling the MMU *AND* setting the C and I bits in the CPU - the C bit is ignored, and the I bit only covers the 16 byte instruction pipeline if the MMU is not enabled. Can you verify that your assembly is generating LDREX/STREX? From the behavior, it almost sounds like its generating the default Semaphore locked atomics. Impossible. There are no semaphore-locked atomics. There are Disable()/Enable()-based ones instead. And there's a special #define AROS_NO_ATOMIC_OPERATIONS in this case, which tweaks Disable()/Enable() implementations not to recurse forever. I have tested this on ARMv5 which does not have ldrex/strex, it works fine. On those ARMs there's no way to have real atomics. On other OSes (like Linux) this is done by introducing things like atomic_t, which appears to be a complex structure, holding the value together with accompanying spinlock (implemented using swp). #warning "TODO: lookup optimal mmu table settings for raspi memory" /* Set up an identity-mapping for all 4GB */ for(x = 0; x < 4096; x ++) { pagetable[x] = x<<20 | (0x40002|0x80000|0x010000|0x00C00|0x04); } Shouldn't there be a second loop that sets the 'C' bit in the descriptor for the RAM pages? Currently, you have TEX=0, C=0, B=1 for all pages (Shared Device). You should have TEX=0, C=1, B=0 for RAM (Write-Through, Cached) So .. pagetable[x] = x<<20 | 2; should be enough? No, for RAM you need to change the '| 0x40' to '| 0x80' tell dosboot the correct defaults to use Please don't do this. This bootconfig.c is a deprecated legacy thing. I wanted it to go away completely with time. Instead, display drivers should auto-install themselves during own initialization phase. I. e. detect hardware=>instantiate itself. This should make things way simpler. With this approach you only need to add the driver into KS image to get the device autobooted. No hardcoded stuff. Currently VESA and VGA drivers do this, look there for examples. never rewrote ATI driver because i don't have any test system for it. they defined a smaller AROSCPUContext than the ExceptionContext - yet reference it as ExceptionContext in other places, and since it hasn't allocated enough storage for ExceptionContext, are corrupting memory/the structure (since the elements that are there don't map 1 to 1 with the exception context). AFAIK, AROS has been moving in a different direction to this in recent years. It is the job of graphics HIDDs to allocate bitmaps etc. so that they have the most suitable characteristics, including allocating them from GPU RAM where possible. The concept of chip RAM is only for legacy code, and most if not all non-68k platforms should have all system RAM marked as chip. BTW, is the video processing code you mention CPU code or GPU code? Also, IIRC we have support for "external memory allocators". Perhaps that's what we need for the allocation of GPU RAM through the mailbox. All hosted and x86 native ports should use proper context formats. trying to clarify if the vblank handler has to have run by this point to prevent this deadlock. Actually, no. Unless you have installed VBlank handler which should wake up at some point. Without VBlank there will be no quantum count. Consequently, there will be no forced preemption. But the rest will work, and multitasking will be cooperative (switch happens only when current task voluntarily gives up the CPU). Does it depend on the vblank having run before this point? and if yes what does that mean on systems where it might be able to run enough code (e.g. get to this point) before the vblank interrupt has triggered? What is it waiting for? It could wait for timer, in this case you need timer.device working. VBlank is currently needed for exec's quantum counter. In current native ports we have only a single timer, which is served by timer.device. VBlank is simulated by timer.device also. If your machine has two timers, then you can use one of them for VBlank, and another for timer.device, this will simplify things down. VBlank needs to be 50 Hz for historical reasons, many programs use it as cheap timer. I am periodically thinking about making some abstract mechanism to be able to change quantum source (and untie it from 50 Hz), but have no time to come up with something good. Additionally i started disliking timer.device hardcoded design when PC has got many timers (old 8253, APIC, HPET). Currently i think there should be some low-level entity representing tick source. timer.device should just select the most appropriate source for its units. The BCM2835 has 4 GPU based timer sources - 2 are used by the GPU, so im using Timer3 for our heartbeat and the remaining one will be free to the system. There is also the less capable ARM timer but that is dependent on the CPU frequency. Very good. You won't need any emulation. Set the heartbeat to 50 Hz and drive VBlank from it. Use other timer for MicroHZ. Can you use the 'econsole.hook' I make for debugging the Sam460 via the serial port? It provides a before-anything-else shell prompt on the serial port. You can then do 'NewCLI' to test your graphics, or use any DOS command in shellcommands.resource. You should just be able to add econsole.hook to your module list, and use 'econsole' in your bootargs. So long as you have a working Exec/RawMayGetChar and Exec/RawPutChar, it should work. Also make sure to add shell.resource and shellcommands.resource for this. That should have done it. If you set "#define DEBUG 1" in arch/all-native/econsole/econsole.c, do you get any additional serial output? have added it to the build and added econsole to the command line - and can see the bootloader picks up on the emergency bootconsole tag, but I still only get the insert bootable media display? Im assuming it exposes a fake filesystem that tricks aros into booting? The contents of which are: ECON:AROS.boot Way to handle the scheduling code? The implementations I had been following were causing problems, due to cascading interrupts which I cant handle properly in the asm stubs just now (when they break disable etc.) - since it means detecting the interrupted codes cpu mode and getting the correct sp/lr for it, and that's just too tedious for arm. To work around this ive added a system idle task which does nothing - and when the scheduling code has no task to run switches this in and lets it run, thereby allowing the interrupts etc to resume until something does need to happen. Also, by adding accounting code to cpu_Switch() and cpu_Dispatch(), it should allow the system to log idle time correctly (as well as running tasks). have thought of also adding an additional task that never runs, solely to record time spent in IRQ handlers, but I digress.. was under the impression that kernel.resource should *never* be used outside of exec.library. This is a wrong impression. Michal started designing it because portable nature of AROS does not fit well into exec's API with all its assumptions. So, he started the new, hardware-agnostic kernel API from scratch. Yes, exec sits on top of it in places. But kernel always meant to be open thing. Otherwise it would not exist. it wasn't meant to be just used willy nilly by user code - but by lower system components (e.g. exec) so that they could be implemented in a more generic fashion, and the kernel resource itself hide the systems quirks. Adding new things there perfectly keeps up with our decision to minimize AROS-specific intervention into APIs which can clash with MorphOS or Amiga OS4 extensions. We want at least source-level compatibility there. Binary compatibility on PPC would be extremely cool, but at the other hand we have no maintainer for this, as well as their ABIs splintering. It depends on what exactly is being implemented - there's no reason we should have everything crammed into kernel.resource if it doesn't need to be (i.e. if its better suited as a separate component/subsystem in its own right) The _LE versions are for when you have endian swapping taking place. If the graphics are the same endian as the CPU, no swapping should occur. I ran into a similar terminology problem in SDL with a friend insisting that his Radeon 7000 on his PC was big-endian. It is not, it just uses the same endianness for the graphics card and the CPU so no swapping was necessary. They were both little-endian. The _LE versions are because the PixFmts refer to the bitmap data being in big endian format in memory, for which the normal version would need to do endianness conversion before applying the shifts/masks. on this platform it is in _LE in memory also so we don't need the conversion hence using the _LE version of the call). would use _LE (if it's really little endian 16 bit mode). What is the bare minimum needed to implement a framebuffer based gfx driver, with our software handling the rest? Have tried with just a gfx class that only expose new/dispose/newbitmap - and having an onscreenbitmap used only for the framebuffer itself (with all other bitmaps being chunkybm, and the framebuffer's superclass also being chunkybm), but that alone isn't enough it seems? You can use workbench/hidds/sm502/ as your example - it is as simple as I could make it. So, AROS creates the framebuffer bitmap (verified this) -> so surely it should be capable of then rendeing into it? I don't actually create the framebuffer "bitmap object" myself - only as a result of being asked to. The code I currently have on SVN seems to create the framebuffers bitmap object fine, but then crashes in intuitions DisplayDriver callback. In particular it crashes performing the getattr on the system default pointer. don't expose MEMF_CHIP in an allocatable form so AllocSpriteData was failing (and other code later doesn't check if the values are valid == illegal memory accesses) So far have -: vc_init: queries the gpus memory, and sets up a fake memory handler for it, then adds the bootmode driver and returns saying all is well vc_gfxhidd:New: sets up some fake syncmodes to test with and creates the real gfx object. vc_gfxhidd:NewBitmap: checks if its a framebuffer and uses the onbitmap class or uses the chunkybm class otherwise vc_onbitmap:New; creates a chunkybm object and then pushes the real framebuffer address into it as the buffer, vc4 had v8adds, v8subs, v8muld, v8min and v8max which operated on four 8bit uint values packed into a 32bit register. Multiplication was in the range 0.0 to 1.0 and addition/subtraction saturated. There were also a range unpacking/packing modes that allowed you to pack and unpack 8bit values into 32bit registers. RasPi has to speak to the "operating system" which runs on the GPU itself and request/free memory - it cant directly manage it itself, and so the managed functions were used to wrap these calls. The Arm and GPU share memory space. The framebuffer is shared. The Arm can write a pixel and it will appear on the screen (through GPU hardware) without flushing/copying being required. The GPU can composite multiple FB's in real time - so you have a number of surfaces defined which are rotated etc and composited in real time to the output. Copying can map from the address space of the Arm to the flat space of the GPU which takes some code, but I don't think whole buffers are copied. The DMA hardware can also access the whole memory space and can perform 2D fills and blits (no blending). This is documented in the peripheral spec posted. The DMA is just an Arm accessible peripheral and can be set up with low latency (e.g. microseconds). must use a 0xc0000000-based bus address to access SDRAM, yet non-DMA access should go via a 0x0-based bus address. For 2D dma, set TDMODE, and the spec says "interpret the TXFR_LEN register as YLENGTH number of transfers each of XLENGTH, and add the strides to the address after each transfer." so set STRIDE to pitch of the image, the width is XLENGTH and height is YLENGTH. You would fill by not setting the SRC_INC and point source to your fill data. The DMA cannot see the ARM's L1 cache, so you would map the framebuffer with ioremap_nocache. Depending on where the source data comes from, it may need an L1 cache flush. The DMA can see the L2 cache. Use 0xC0000000 bus addresses when L2 is disabled and 0x40000000 bus addresses when L2 is enabled. (actually just call virt_to_bus and you'll get the right address out). openGLES/openVG has high latency. Writing to framebuffer then reading it back is very inefficient (e.g. milliseconds). If you can drive it a unidirectional way, just streaming commands at then that is efficient. openVG is not implemented on top of openGLES - it uses the same hardware but as a first class interface To improve the Gfx driver, we will need a DMA resource implemented so can use to perform DMA operations. The Gfx driver will need this to perform blits. Actually MEMF_CHIP has to present, for historical reasons. This has been never fully agreed upon, but in ports i wrote i exposed the whole memory as MEMF_CHIP. The idea behind this is that CHIP is originally the memory where graphics and sound data can be put. On non-Amiga platforms there are no restrictions on this, so the whole memory is CHIP. Yes, many old software can misbehave with CHIP memory size larger than 2MB. But this actually applies only to m68k AROS which is going to run m68k binaries. In other cases it's quite logical to fix the program when porting. As to original question: yes, it's enough to have a framebuffer bitmap (one with aoHidd_BitMap_FrameBuffer set to TRUE) and PutPixel routine. It framebuffer can be served by chunky bitmap class, then you can simply create chunky bitmap with your own buffer (see how VESA driver does this). Chunky PutPixel is already there. struggling to determine what is the correct pixfmt to use for the 24/16/15 bit gfx modes on the RasPi. AFAIK it uses RGB565, for 16bit but im unsure what shifts etc should go with it? suffice to say Im getting the wrong colors so far lol. <pre> redmask: 0x0000F800 greenmask: 0x000007E0 bluemask: 0x0000001F alphamask: 0 redshift: 16 greenshift: 21 blueshift: 27 alphashift: 0 </pre> It should likely be vHidd_StdPixFmt_RGB16_LE This stuff is a bit confusing. The "names" of the stdpixfmts are based on the layout in memory, ignoring endianess. So for example: ARGB32: will be 0xAA 0xRR 0xGG 0xBB in memory on both big endian and little endian machines. The shifts and masks OTOH are based on pixel access (ULONG in this case), so differ depending on whether you run on big endian machine or little endian machine (that's why there's stdpixfmt_le.h and stdpixfmt_be.h in rom/hidds/graphics/). With the 16 bit pixel format it's even more confusing, as for example it's impossible on little endian machine to describe RGB16 with shifts/masks alone. That's why there's vHidd_PixFmt_SwapPixelBytes_Flag. (RGB16 == RRRRRGGG GGGBBBBB in memory, and for pixel (WORD) access on little endian machine it needs to be accessed as GGGBBBBBRRRRRGGGG). The shifts btw indicate how much to shift the component to the left (!) so that it is moved to the highest bit (31). The aHidd_PixFmt_StdPixFmt you specify will be ignored most of the time, because when the pixelfmt is registered, the gfx hidd checks if there's an identical pixfmt (shifts/masks/etc., but ignoring pixfmt->stdpixfmt) already in the system, and if so, it uses the already existing one and does not create a new one. In theory it would be better if gfx drivers could simply/only specify a StdPixFmt without all the shifts/masks stuff when the gfx driver uses pixfmt which matches one of the stdpixfmts exactly. Another possibility would be for gfx drivers to use HIDD_Gfx_GetPIxFmt(stdpixfmt_gfx_driver_wants_to_use) and then peek shifts/masks from it and fill out a pixfmt tag list based on that. 15bit very blue/green: Try to pass same shifts/masks/etc. as in 16 bit pixfmt (maybe you think it's using 15 bit R5G5B5 (or swapped) but it's actually still using 16 bit R5G6B5 (or swapped). aHidd_PixFmt_StdPixFmt you pass is mostly ignored. It's the shift/masks/etc. that count. But I would still pass the correct one (_LE) == whatever rom/hidds/graphics/stdpixfmts_??.h uses in the entry where you have looked up shifts/masks/etc. Use the shifts/masks/etc. from the entry in stdpixfmt_le.h (if you are running on little endian machine) or stdpixfmt_be.h (if you are running on little endian machine) that matches the pixfmt that its meant to be. 0xAA,0xRR,0xGG,0xBB on little endian (->entry in stdpixfmt_le.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_ARGB32) 0xBB,0xGG,0xRR,0xAA on little endian (->entry in stdpixfmt_le.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_BGRA32) 0xAA,0xRR,0xGG,0xBB on big endian (->entry in stdpixfmt_be.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_ARGB32) 0xBB,0xGG,0xRR,0xAA on big endian (->entry in stdpixfmt_be.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_BGRA32) it feels like AROS trashes the alpha component, otherwise it should be 8A8R8G8B. read on the subject suggest its in 1x5r5g5b (x is ignored) to keep 16bit alignment . Suggests to me that wrong shift/mask are being applied - however going by the 16bit versions it all looks correct to me so I am really confused as to what is happening. The output image looks to have too much green/blue, and very weak red. Kickstart The idea is to minimize amount of archirecture-specific modules to make the user's life easier. So, the kickstart was split into 'base' (which does not contain anything machine-specific) and 'BSP' (Board Support Package) which contains all hardware-specific stuff. This way, for example, distribution makers can save up space on CD and make CDs with multiple platform support. Different configuration would load the same base with different BSP's. Next there was some part which is entirely missing on hosted. These are filesystems. Hosted ports do not need them to boot up, so on hosted they are left out. At the other hand, they are also architecture-agnostic. So i put them into 'FS' package (standing for 'filesystem'). USB Poseidon is one more big part. I made it into separate package in order to allow users to omit it if they don't need it (for example, to run on retro PCs without USB). Personally i have one. Again, Poseidon is hardware-agnostic (well, there are USB drivers but HCIs are pretty standard). AFAIK its HCI 1.0 compliant but not familiar enough with poseidons drivers, nor USB, to just hack away at the existing code. Perhaps once i'm more familiar with the workings I can merge in the changes needed to get it operating but for now I will focus on getting it running. Also our drivers have known issues so perhaps a fresh set of eyes might shed some light on what is going wrong. Another interesting question is whether Poseidon can operate on device side. Is it flexible enough? How similar is being a USB host and USB device? think it will need a bit of work on Poseidon's side. Until then I will force the driver into Host/Master mode in the init code, but leave open device etc to configure the chipset for either's use - and look at trying to add support for working in Device/Slave mode & switching modes once it's up and running. Actually USBROMStartup is some kind of kludge. Can there be any alternative? Could device drivers be self-installing, like our HIDDs? This would get rid of need to list them in USBRomStartup. * Model A and B limited to 150 mA per port. * Model B+ and Pi 2 introduced configurable 600 mA to 1.2 A support over all ports - anything above that requires a powered USB hub. Implementing the hardware driver that Poseidon uses to interact with the USB components. Have code in place to (try) and initialise the USB chipset, and configure host/device mode operation (though AFAICT Poseidon doesn't support device mode). Started to get the "virtual" root hub written for the single USB port so that Poseidon should at least list it correctly in the GUI - and try to interact with it to find peripherals. The BCM2835 uses a soft IP block from Synopsys’ DesignWare library (DWC), specifically the block is called dwc_usb_2_0_hs_otg_subsystem-ahb_se (“USB 2.0 Hi-Speed OTG Controller Subsystem w/AHB Interface SE”). There is no public documentation for this, and pretty much zero chance of anyone getting hold of it even with NDA. However, there's a Linux driver written by Synopsys ([https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux dwc_usb]). Specifically directories [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/drivers/usb/host dwc_common_port] and [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/drivers/usb/host dwc_otg]. The Synopsys code is actually under a fairly permissive licence – it's not GPL, it's similar to BSD (’don't sue us if it breaks’ is pretty much the only clause). So this should not be a barrier to porting the code. The code is really well written, with a nice partition between the work done by the driver (dwc_otg, which is fairly involved, given the host does more work than a conventional EHCI driver), and the interface to Linux (dwc_common_port). Probably only need provision of relevant changes to dwc_common_port. Other things to consider.... * Provision of necessary headers to get it to compile * Provision of necessary functions (main issues are wait queues, threads, work queues, tasklets, timers, spinlocks and mutexes (multithreading) ) * Interfacing between USB stack and the driver. dwc_otg/dwc_otg_hcd_linux.c looks like the place to start. the Linux bits of the headers are only required for the dwc_common_port library. dwc_common_port includes a variety of crypto functions which are not used – it appears to also be used for ultrawideband (UWB) and wireless USB (WUSB) drivers where crypto will be an issue, but it isn't going to be for plain wired USB. Every USB driver acts as an USB hub as well in order to let Poseidon control the state of USB ports. The code there was reading status of the only USB port in Raspberry's CPU but when changing the status it erroneously deleted some of the status bits, including the port enable one. It was so because those bits in the status register are of a type Read/WriteToClear. It means, if one does not want to change their value from 1 back to 0, one has to actually write the 0 value. Very practical thing e.g. in interrupt handlers, where one reads the interrupt status register to learn what was the interrupt reason, and writes it back to the same register in order to clear the interrupts. After fixing that code it turned out that the communication was still unsuccessful. Apparently the USB device was not understanding the host for some reason. That should not happen since the request sent was one of the standard ones implemented by virtually anything with an USB connector, assumed that Poseidon clears the data caches before forwarding the work to the USB drivers but that's the responsibility of the driver itself. The USB device responded and acknowledged the transmission! But why were all the request sent after address change failing with timeout? They should not. Once again, address set is supported just by anything. Tried to contact the device at address 0 once again and there it was, still responding properly. The enlightenment came. The bus address for DMA transmissions was, as it is in many bare metal USB implementations, just the pure memory address of the buffer as seen by the ARM cpu. Have "prefixed" it with the real location of uncached RAM and booted AROS once again. Trident saw this: Product : Hub: Vdr=0424/PID=9514 Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp. SerialNumber: n/a /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200 Class : 9 SubClass : 0 DevProto : 2 VendorID : 1060 ProductID : 38164 DevVers : 0200 and this: Product : Vendor: Vdr=0424/PID=EC00 Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp. SerialNumber: n/a /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200 Class : 255 SubClass : 0 DevProto : 1 VendorID : 1060 ProductID : 60416 DevVers : 0200 and even this: Product : Hub: Vdr=0424/PID=9514 Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp. SerialNumber: n/a /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200 Class : 9 SubClass : 0 DevProto : 2 VendorID : 1060 ProductID : 38164 DevVers : 0200 What are these things? The first one is USB hub built in the Raspberry. Thanks to this one the Pi machines (with exception of Pi0 and computing modules) have more than just one single USB port. The second one is the network chip in raspberry, the third one is my USB SD card reader which have just connected to see what happens. AROS tried, of course, to boot from it ;) So, the first step towards working USB is done. The control transfers are working as you can see above. Next step is to implement bulk and interrupt transfers, having the basics in place. Finally some error handling will be added and USB for Pi will be as complete as the PC version. [http://www.raspyfi.com/raspberry-pi-usb-audio-fix/ Issue with USB Audio] Audio The Pi 4B is the only Pi that can output HD Audio as an HD Audio passthrough bitstream, and it does it over HDMI. It's possible to use the two HDMI output for separate HDMI video and HDMI audio outputs to allow UHD HDR video and HD Audio with non-UHD HDR compatible AVRs. The Pi3B+ and earlier will decode to PCM 5.1/7.1 and output over HDMI. HDMI is the only interconnect that has a standard for carrying Dolby True HD, DTS HD MA etc. as a bitstream - you can't carry it as a bitstream on any other interface. Pi3 and Pi4 audio jack output derived from 12bit pulse width modulation is relatively poor. For better, choose USB Audio or I2C versions. [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/sound/arm audio] and its [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/issues/2 very high speed message passing interface type of thing VCHI] The Model B+ added an additional voltage regulator for the audio output and an additional output driver to drive low-resistance loads like headphones. However it is still using pulse-width modulation (PWM), which has a major impact on sound quality the old Raspberry Pi used a linear voltage regulator to provide the 3.3V to many of the components on the board while the new one uses a switching regulator. Both can perform reasonably well. However switch mode power supplies often show higher noise figures Analogue audio Audio over HDMI rev 1.3 & 1.4 Ethernet 10/100 BaseT Ethernet RJ45 socket GPIO GPIO shouldn't be too bad but bear in mind it is already accessed in places so they would need to allocate pins etc through it (e.g. sdcard to flicker the activity light, serial debug to output data on the GPIO pins) Probably a resource rather than a device... Started an i2c driver that will need to allocate GPIO pins. Feel free to work on it if you are interested ;p GPU graphics with 2D and 3D acceleration Sadly none yet for 32bit but for 64bit... Miscellanous hdmi issues Setting the hdmi_force_hotplug=1 makes sure the Pi believes the monitor/TV is really there. You might also need to set config_hdmi_boost=4 or even higher (up to 9) if your display needs a stronger signal. If the display is a computer monitor or newer tv, use hdmi_group=1 (auto HDMI use) and if it is an older TV, try hdmi_group=2 (for DMT formats, i.e. for PC monitors) then you HAVE to "set hdmi_drive = 2 to enable HDMI output as this forces HDMI mode rather than DVI mode Do not set hdmi_safe=1 as that overrides many of the previous options. Using a shorter or better quality HDMI cable might help. Make sure your Pi's power supply delivers 1 A and not 500 mA. If you see a problem with the red colour - either absent, or interference - then try a boost composite video changing the RCA cable, then the composite port worked out of the box Boot it as you are doing, without HDMI. If you now plug in the HDMI, do you get the image? In other words, does the Pi think HDMI is connected even when it isn't? Rename all the files in the first partion of the card except bootcode.bin, start.elf and fixup.dat What's the result? Put back config.txt What's the result? for PAL mode sdtv_mode=2 dmi_ignore_hotplug Pretends HDMI hotplug signal is not asserted so it appears a HDMI display is not attached hdmi_ignore_hotplug=1 Use composite mode even if HDMI monitor is detected <pre> # NOOBS Auto-generated Settings: #hdmi_force_hotplug=1 #config_hdmi_boost=4 #overscan_left=24 #overscan_right=24 #overscan_top=16 #overscan_bottom=16 #disable_overscan=0 start_x=1 gpu_mem=128 </pre> tvservice -c "PAL 4:3" <pre> /opt/vc/bin/tvservice -s or tvservice -s state: HPD high|HDMI mode|HDCP off|composite off (0x12001a), 1920x1080 @ 60 Hz, progressive /opt/vc/bin/tvservice -m CEA Group CEA has 1 modes: (native) mode 16: 1920x1080 @ 60 Hz, progressive /opt/vc/bin/tvservice -m DMT Group DMT has 0 modes: </pre> sudo amixer cset numid=3 1 forces the audio to the headphone jack, even with the HDMI video output plugged in config.txt the hdmi_ignore_edid_audio=1 option sems relevant as it should tell ALSA that the only available audio is analog, no matter what the display says There are several different ways that these 4 pole (ring) composite analog cables can be wired up, so some work great in some applications and can be a waste of time in others. What is needed for the Raspberry Pi B+ and above, which like many camcorders needs the ring contact next to the base contact to be the ground. The wiring for the 4 pole are: TIP (LEFT AUDIO CHANNEL) RING 1 (RIGHT AUDIO CHANNEL) RING 2 (GROUND/EARTH) RING 3 BASE/SLEEVE (VIDEO) YELLOW Most Apple based Players and the Microsoft Zune (TM) are wired this way. Most analogue camcorders are wired this way as well, where the ground in on Ring 2 will work with the Pi although you may need to swap your Video plug with the Right Audio plug. Nearly all other MP3 players are not wired this way, the ground is on another ring ie the wrong one. External devices * Camera Module Omnivision ov5647 Sunny 5MP (NoIR version) V1.3 - NoIR at 850&nbsp;nm, peak at 880&nbsp;nm and trails off at 940&nbsp;nm wavelengths * Camera V2 Sony IMX219 V2.1 8mpixel 8MP 8megapixel - 3280 x 2464 pixels - video at 1080p30, 720p60 and 640x480p90 - wider field of view, 62 vs 54 degrees horizontally - * Branded WIFI usb BCM43143 dongle N.B. dreaded error after changing cameras (stupidly without turning off the power first) and lasted through several power cycles. It can be a bad 15-pin FFC ribbon cable, when swapped, camera(s) and the Pi itself are working OK. It can be an instance of a cold solder joint on the CSI connector on the pi board. the camera can be detected (that's done via I2C) but may still not be able to receive image data (done via CSI-2) if something is broken. CSI-2 is uni-directional. Control is generally done via I2C. The CSI-2 receiver always writes to memory, not direct to the ISP. That's the way the Broadcom architecture works as it allows multipass processing easily. GPU memory is accessible from the ARM. Processing using the QPU graphics processors may be possible. currently the only supported sensor is OV5647 and IMX219. The linux drivers are all in the firmware blob, else you'd be looking at at least a man-month of work in a fully fledged imaging lab to do a decent tuning of the camera modules' ISP parameters. Static electricity maybe an issue for the camera module and slightly less for the pi board. == References == ===Good sites to visit=== *[https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/tree/master/ Raspberry Pi Firmware build] *[https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/software-sources.html Documentation] *[https://rpilocator.com/ RPiLocator] Linux only *[https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux Raspberry Pi Linux Build] *[https://dietpi.com/ DietPi] *[http://www.tinycorelinux.net/ports.html piCore] *[https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi Alpine Linux] *[https://github.com/armbian/build Armbian] *[ FydeOS] *[ TwisterOS based on ChromiumOS] *[https://note.com/jamesmondo/n/nc76e31402be8?hl=en BSD] *[https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/ PiOS Lite] and then [https://hstwb.firstrealize.com/ HST] *[ PiMiga for pi4 and pi5] *[ amibian for pi2 and pi3] *[ retropie pi1 and 2] Other alternative lighter smaller than Pi OS *[https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html Aros 64bit ARMV8 single core] *[https://www.riscosopen.org/wiki/documentation/show/Welcome%20to%20RISC%20OS%20Pi RiscOS on Pi3 and Pi4] *[https://github.com/michalsc/Emu68 ARM based realtime JIT 68k for amiga computers] *[https://github.com/JJDSNT/bellatrix/releases/ Alternative use of Emu68 on Pi3b] *[https://github.com/stevereaver/uaos uaOS with Emu68k] *[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/f80a268607dfae81b2db94755ab4e4d31ccb72d6 m68kemu library reference] *[ HaikuOS] *[https://github.com/raspberrypi/noobs NOOBS] os loader with successor [https://github.com/procount/pinn PINN] *[https://github.com/maxnet/berryboot berryboot] *[https://github.com/brianwiddas/pi-baremetal Bare Metal Access on Pi 32bit] Testing procedure is put sd card in, connect board to board if necessary, plug in hdmi and then power nothing else is done especially CSI DSI etc [https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/compute-module.html CM5] has the same 55mm x 40mm 2x100pin connectors form factor as the CM4 but [https://www.epdtonthenet.net/article/214508/Key-Considerations-When-Migrating-from-Raspberry-Pi-CM4-to-CM5.aspx some pins and other small things] have changed. Will need the [https://raspipcb.com/tech-blog/raspberry-pi-cm4-vs-cm5-difference-in-booting-from-sd-card/ right IO board to suit] *Green [ Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 IO Board REV2 [https://pip.raspberrypi.com/categories/1097-raspberry-pi-compute-module-5-io-board SC1967]] - untested *Green [ RPi Compute Module 5 IO board REV1 [https://pip.raspberrypi.com/categories/1097-raspberry-pi-compute-module-5-io-board SC1751]] - untested *Black SupTronics Geekbord X1500 CM5 IO Carrier Board - untested *Black DeskPi Super6C Cluster Mini-ITX Board - untested *[https://sipeed.com/nanocluster Sipeed NanoCluster] - untested up to 7 CM5 *Green BentoIO CMX0 - untested *Box EDATec ED-CLAWBOX - untested *Home Assistant Yellow - Kit with PoE with Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 - untested *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5_PoE_BASE_A Waveshare CM5-PoE-BASE-A] - untested *Box Waveshare [ CM5-POE-BOX-A] - untested *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-IO-BASE-B Waveshare CM5-IO-BASE-B] - untested *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-IO-BASE-A Waveshare CM5-IO-BASE-A] - untested *Blue Waveshare [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-NANO-B CM5-NANO-B] - untested *[https://carboncomputers.us/products/pi-flux piFlux] *[https://carboncomputers.us/products/ Zitaotech Hackberry] CM5 lite only - *Portable [https://www.waveshare.com/pocketterm35.htm Waveshare PocketTerm35] with Pi4B or Pi5 - untested *Box [https://www.clockworkpi.com/uconsole ClockworkPi uConsole][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtI_bAahbR8 CM4 into an adapter or CM3 into so-dimm - Cyberdeck] - untested *Green RPi [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/CM4IO-KiCAD.zip Compute Module 4] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/cm4io-datasheet.pdf IO board] V1.4 [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/CM4IOUSB3-KiCAD.zip USB3] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/cm4iousb3-appnote.pdf CM4ISO] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4/cm4-datasheet.pdf Dual100pin] (2020) aka Development Platform Board - untested *Purple Pi Hut Cytron CM4 Maker Board - untested *Black DeskPi Super6C Cluster Mini-ITX Board - untested *[ KubeSail PiBox mini 2] *Home Assistant Yellow with Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 - untested *[ Turing Pi V2] - untested CM4 with 260-pin SO-DIMM socket adapters and/or nvidia jetson nanos - untested *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-C Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-C] - untested but binary blobs Rev01 Rev02 *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-B Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-B] - untested but binary blobs *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-A Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-A] - untested but binary blobs *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-NANO-B Waveshare CM4-NANO] - untested but usb and audio turned off or rerouted *Black [ Seeed Studio with BigTreeTech BTT pad 7] - bin blobs? CM3 has a 200 pin sodimm ddr2 connector form factor but not electrically SC0028, SC0029 *Blue [https://wiki.geekworm.com/CM_IO_Board Geekworm RPi Compute Module IO Board] [https://github.com/geekworm-com/cm-io-board CSI DSI] with CM3 in ddr2 slot underside - '''works''' if SW1 on but CM3+ '''does not''' *Green [https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/product-files/3442/CMIO_schematic.pdf RPi V3 IO board CM3IO] and CM3 Lite - untested *Green [https://turingpi.com/ turingpi v1 cluster] - untested up to 7 cm3 7xlan9514 12V discontinued, 3 x Pi4 homelab maybe better *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Compute_Module_PoE_Board Waveshare Compute Module PoE Board] and CM3 lite (if not lite, write files to internal eMMC fat32) '''AVOID''' bin blobs *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/compute-module-io-board-plus.htm Waveshare Compute Module IO Board Plus] [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Compute_Module_IO_Board_Plus wiki] [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=235695 pin settings] with CM3+ Lite - '''AVOID''' binary blob *[ Pi02w on Geekworm SupTronics X305 Raspberry Pi Zero IO Baseboard] - untested *[ Spotpear Pi Zero 2w to Pi3b format-ish] - untested *[ pi-top v4] box has 128x64 oled display, micro hdmi, 19Whr battery with pi4 and 15V PD 36W min needed *[ pi-top v3] three green pieces, heatsink covers most of the base tray, pi-top hub mk1 lhs and Pi1B Pi2b Pi3b rhs secured from below, black rounded strip with pi-top above keyboard, 13.3" HD 1366 x 768 display, small touchpad, *[ pi-top Model 2.0] pi-top on bottom bezel of 14-inch green laptop, large trackpad, keyboard slide down to reveal main system hub on slide rails moved to the right, Raspberry Pi3b screws down, hub slides in, 18V 2.5A 45W charger brick, battery 11.1V 3500mAh 38.85Wh and storage PiTopOS *[ Pi-Top CEED Raspberry Pi Modular Educational Desktop with RPI3] monitor *[https://www.indiegogo.com/en/projects/jesselozano/pi-top-a-raspberry-pi-laptop-you-build-yourself Pi-Top v1] wedge laptop with RPi2 <pre> 2008 Trustees collected for Foundation 2009 Pi Foundation charity status gained 2010 2011 First Raspberry prototypes 2012 First boards go on sale at CPC and RS. The Model A and B 700 MHz Arm11 - February 29th BCM 2835 2012 First million sold - more than the 10,000 original planned and anticipated 2013 First Alpha Experimental builds of AROS Native for the 32bit Pi 2013 Pi Trading launched making grants available, providing in house educational resources and Pi Academy for teacher training 2013 Over two million sold 2014 Over three million sold 2014 Pi 1 Model B+ introduced that moved composite video to audio jack and same half gig of memory 2014 Pi Model A+ v1.1 no ethernet and 1 usb - a little smaller - 2015 Over four million first gen pis sold 2015 Pi Zero 1.2 BCM2835 first production revision released with no camera port 2016 Pi0 1.3 released with camera csi connector 2017 Pi Zero W v1.1 1GHz Pi0W, single-core 32bit CPU BCM2835 released with Cypress CYW43438 wireless 2020 Raspberry Pi Pico SC0919 with RP2040 32-bit 2Core ARM Cortex-M0+ up to 133 MHz - 264KB of SRAM and 2MB of on-board QSPI Flash - 2024 Raspberry Pi Pico 2 with RP2350 2Core 32bit Arm Cortex-M33 and 2core open-hardware [https://github.com/wren6991/hazard3 Hazard3 RISC-V] 2015 Pi 2 Model B v1.1 BCM2836 900/600 MHz ARM Cortex-A7 Armv7 quad 32bit, 32bit VideoCore IV GPU - 1Gb RAM - 5V 2A micro usb - SMSC LAN9514 chip - 2015 Over a million pi2s sold 2015 Raspberry Pi 2 Model B version 1.2 Pi2bv1.2, aka Pi2B2 has armv8 BCM2837 underclocked to 900Mhz without wifi/bluetooth module 2016 Pi 3 Model B - Broadcom BCM2837 SOC four 64bit ARMv8 Cortex-A53 1.2GHz 32bit 1080p VideoCore IV GPU - 1Gb DDR2 - bluetooth 4.1, Cypress CYW43438 wireless 802.11n - 4 x USB2.0 ports - 5.1V 2.5A - SMSC LAN9514 chip 2016 PIs total over 10 million worldwide 2017 Compute Module 3 CM3 with BCM2837B0 armv8 Quad 64-bit - small 67.6mm x 31mm board which fits DDR2 SODIMM connector but not electrically compatible which plugs into needed IO board - beware of the I2C protocol issue 1Gb LPDDR2 RAM - Lite or 4Gb Emmc storage 2017 12 million pis sold in total 2018 Pi 3 Model B+ - 4c A53 BCM2837B0 1.4Ghz - 1Gb, wireless 802.11ac, gigabit ethernet (300Mbit/s) and bluetooth 4.2 - power over ethernet - 4 x USB2.0 ports - Microchip LAN7515 chip 2019 Over 15 million sold 2019 Pi 3 Model A+ with BCM2837b0 Cortex-A53 64-bit SoC @ 1.4 GHz with 512Mb LPDDR2, 1 usb2, 1 hdmi, 1 micro usb 5V 2A - no ethernet - 2019 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 3+ CM3+ - Broadcom BCM2837B0 1.2Ghz, Cortex-A53 (ARMv8) 64-bit SoC on DDR2 SODIMM mechanically compatible only factor - IO board required 1Gb DDR2 and 8GB, 16GB, 32GB or a Lite variant without eMMC 2021 Pi zero 2 (w or no W) RP3A0 quad 1GHz Cortex-A53 64bit BCM2710A1 512mB SDRam 2025 edaTEC CM0 ED-CM0NANA with additional dev board with quad 1Ghz A53 with 512Mb Raysan RAM, 2 USB2 and 10/100 ethernet - pico castellated edge 2019 Pi 4 Model B v1.1 RPI4B - BCM2711B0T quad 64bit A72 1.5GHz, 4K VideoCore VI, AC wifi, Bluetooth 5.0, GbE Broadcom BCM54213PE (PHY ID 0x600d84a2), 2 micro hdmi decode up to 4K, USB-C 5.1V 3A power, 2xVLI VL805 USB 3, 2xUSB 2.0, 2GB 9LDWW D9WHZ or 4GB 9FDWW D9WHV, 8GB 0AA47 D9ZCL ddr4 ram 2020 Silent Pi 4 v1.2 upgrade with more USB-c psu support 2020 PI400 BCM2711C0T 1.8GHz 4Gb DDR4 inside keyboard, 5.1V 5A 27W usb-c psu, 2 micro hdmi, external ide style 40pin gpio, no audio port - 2020 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 BCM2711B0T on new 55mm x 40mm 2x100 pin form factor with extra breakout IO board CM4101000 1Gb RAM Lite SOM CM4102000 2GB RAM Lite CM4104000 4GB RAM Lite CM4004008-4GB-RAM 8GB-EMMC SOM System on Modules CM4104032 4GB RAM 32GB emmc CM4108000 8GB RAM Lite CM4008016 8GB RAM 16Gb eMMc 2021 Raspberry Pi SC0763 Compute Module 4S CM4S with ddr2 sodimm pinouts but not electrically the same with suitable IO board extra cost - CM4S01000 1GB RAM Lite CM4S01008 1GB RAM 8GB eMMC Flash CM4S02000 2GB RAM Lite CM4S04000 4GB RAM Lite CM4S04016 4GB RAM 16Gb KLMAG1JETD-B041 CM4S08000 8GB RAM Lite 2021 Pi 4 v1.4 BCM2711B1 upgraded power regulator, to deal with 8gig of ram being more power hungry 2021-48 Raspberry Pi 4 model B v1.5 2GB 2023 Pi 5 v1.0 BCM2712 Quad A76 @2.4Ghz - VideoCore VII - no audio socket - dual 4k from mini hdmi - fan connector - 5.1V 5A psu 2024 Pi 5 2GB DDR4 version uses BCM2712D0 2024 Pi-500 with 8Gb LPDDR5 and membrane keyboard 2024 Pi 5 v1.1 2024 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 CM5 BCM2712 55mm x 40mm form factor with additional IO board CM5004000 04GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite CM5008000 08GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite CM5016000 16GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite 2025 Pi-500+ with 256GB NVMe storage, 16GB LPDDR4 RAM, and Gateron KS-33 Low Profile Blue mechanical keyboard switches 2025 Pi5 1GB DDR4 announced 2022 PiOS linux goes 64bit 2024 Pi Trading IPO stockmarket stock exchange listing 2026 April and May Aros 64bit fixed, added AHI audio, VC4 gfx started, usb functions added to rom 2026 June and July Aros 64bit usb2otg started, dma.resource, sdio.resource, bwfm.device wifi added 2026 Late July daily 64bit Pi3 LE little endian builds start 2026 August Pi 4, 400, 5 and 500 DTBs added, expanding existing support and wifi for Pi4 and Pi5 2026 August Pi5 HAT+ nvme and HDMI, AHI RPiI2S added, Pi4 HVS5 video scaler started, 2026 2027 2028 Pi 6 </pre> The vcgencmd can be used to inspect and dump the current system configuration. vcgencmd runs on top of VCHIQ as an RPC. The mailbox interface is an alternate but much simpler RPC. VCHIQ is a bridge (queue) between the CPU and the GPU so they can communicate with the firmware. Loads of [https://github.com/6by9/rpi3-gpiovirtbuf/blob/master/rpi3-gpiovirtbuf.c mailbox] which uses the GPIO control calls. [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/wiki/Mailboxes may also be of interest] A fair number of vcgencmd examples (search for vc_vchi_gencmd_init). [https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=229203#p1406112 sends the relevant vcgencmd commands] to update the scaling kernel, but the [https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland/blob/master/host_applications/linux/apps/gencmd/gencmd.c command] is just a text string. Parsing and execution of the instructions is performed by the VideoCore firmware. The Raspberry Pi runs two separate operating systems: Linux/Aros on the ARM, and a threedx RTOS called vcos running on the Videocore 4 VPU: vcos is commonly called "the firmware". Vcos is tasked with performing certain system services, for example running the display and audio outputs. The VCHI driver provides an interface to allow drivers to talk to vcos. Doubtful, on any [https://www.web3d.org/ Web3d] [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API WebGL] or [https://github.com/immersive-web/webxr WebXR] [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebXR_Device_API Device API] [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XRInputSource XRInputSource] support. Hopefully, never/limited support features like location, peer-to-peer, invasive web apps, unwarranted storage, payments, proprietary video streaming etc *spreadsheet [https://git.sheetjs.com/sheetjs/sheetjs sheetjs] [https://github.com/mleibman/SlickGrid SlickGrid javascript] [https://github.com/6pac/SlickGrid SlickGrid typescript] [https://github.com/jspreadsheet/ce jspreadsheet ce] probably without xlsx support *presentations [https://github.com/impress/impress.js/ impress.js simplified] [https://github.com/bwlewis/slides slides] [https://zenomt.github.io/mdslides/ github markdown slides] [https://github.com/Patternslib/slides Patternslib slides markdown] probably without pptx support *ai office [https://github.com/dream-num/univer/ univer], [https://github.com/dream-num/Luckysheet Luckysheet] [https://github.com/ruilisi/fortune-sheet fortune-sheet] *weather [https://github.com/Himanshu3412/Weather-Forecast Weather Forecast], [https://github.com/kaushalsahu07/weather weather needs API key], ==Future== [https://github.com/ARMSX2/ARMSX2 Arm pi of pcsx2], [https://github.com/Joshua-Riek/armbian-build Linux Armbian builds for old mobile devices], [], [https://tube.cadence.moe/ Cloudtube], [https://github.com/TeamPiped/documentation/blob/main/content/docs/public-instances/index.md TeamPiped], [], [], [], [https://hyperpipe.codeberg.page/ hyperpipe], [https://ytify.pp.ua/ ytify], [], [], [ ytdl], [https://github.com/golddominik893/liberatube liberatube] [https://git.lolcat.ca/lolcat/4get 4get], [https://github.com/hnhx/librex librex], [], [], {{BookCat}} dy7q5ljsc3e2nleyear1jxai4f6p3el 0 375427 4680724 3255054 2026-11-07T18:24:58Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4680724 wikitext text/x-wiki This Wikibooks page is a fact sheet and analysis of the journal article “Sedentary Time and Its Association With Risk for Disease Incidence, Mortality, and Hospitalization in Adults” by Biswas et al (2015).<ref name="Biswas2015">Biswas, A., Oh, P. I., Faulkner, G. E., Bajaj, R. R., Silver, M. A., Mitchell, M. S., & Alter, D. A. (2015). Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 162(2), 123-132.</ref> == What is the background to this research? == In 2012 an estimated 56 million people died worldwide.<ref name="WHOFS">http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index2.html</ref> Of those deaths 68% were attributed to non-communicable diseases, the four main diseases being cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancers, diabetes and chronic lung diseases.<ref name="WHOFS" /> It has been shown consistently in several studies that cases of CVD and diabetes are linked to an increase in sedentary time and a decrease in physical activity.<ref name="Proper2011">Proper, K. I., Singh, A. S., Van Mechelen, W., & Chinapaw, M. J. (2011). Sedentary behaviors and health outcomes among adults: a systematic review of prospective studies. American journal of preventive medicine, 40(2), 174-182.</ref><ref name="Wilmot2012">Wilmot, E. G., Edwardson, C. L., Achana, F. A., Davies, M. J., Gorely, T., Gray, L. J., ... & Biddle, S. J. (2012). Sedentary time in adults and the association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia, 55, 2895-2905.</ref> Due to this many governments use the World Health Organisation’s physical activity guidelines that prescribe at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity or 75 minute of vigorous intensity physical activity per week.<ref>http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_adults/en/</ref> However even when these physical activity guidelines are met people can still be at risk if large amounts of time are spent sedentary.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> It has been observed in population-based studies that more than one half of an average person's day is spent in a sedentary state.<ref>Matthews, C. E., Chen, K. Y., Freedson, P. S., Buchowski, M. S., Beech, B. M., Pate, R. R., & Troiano, R. P. (2008). Amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors in the United States, 2003–2004. American journal of epidemiology, 167(7), 875-881.</ref> This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between sedentary time and health outcomes independent of physical activity participation in an adult population.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> == Where is the research from? == Staff members from the various places listed below all contributed to data gathering and analysis: * Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, and the Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education at the University of Toronto * University Health Network–Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program * Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre * York University * Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada When finding journals for this systematic review and meta-analysis there were no criteria stating that journals had to be from a specific area.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> Journals that did meet the selection criteria were used meaning that data from all over the world contributed to this article.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> The paper was published in the Annals of Internal Medicine in its 162 Volume.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> == What kind of research was this? == This paper is an example of a systematic review and meta-analysis.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> A systematic review is a type of review were many articles are collected and analysed on a particular topic to produce a paper that has all relevant and up to date information on said topic. A meta-analysis is when data is taken from many different studies on a given topic and then statistically analysed to show trends in the current and/or past data for said topic. A meta-analysis is often used as part of a systematic review. '''Table 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Advantages !! Disadvantages |- | Typically inexpensive|| Requires large amounts of data to be available |- | Very reliable due to large amount of data used|| Takes a long time to produce |- | Allows for a overview of current and/or past data on topic|| Quality will depend on how reliable data is for topic |} == What did the research involve? == When research commenced as a method of quality control the Preferred Reporting Items and Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used.<ref>Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Annals of internal medicine, 151(4), 264-269.</ref> Papers focusing of the association between sedentary behaviour and various health outcomes were searched for through these databases: * MEDLINE * Pubmed * EMBASE * Cochrane Library * Web of Knowledge * Google Scholar They were cross check by two reviewers during the data sourcing process.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> There was also a hand-search for references from relevant publications and review article to bolster the electronic search.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> The search was limited to English-language primary research from August 2014 and before with no publication date limit. Journals had to be primary research studies that assessed sedentary behaviour in adults as a direct predictor variable independent of physical activity and correlated to at least one health outcome.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> As a second method of quality control a list of 15 different criteria was used to assess each study considered, this table was taken from a study done by Proper and colleagues.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> In order to be included each study had to meet a least 8 of the 15 criteria.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> In total 21,005 studies were found for potential use however only 41 were chosen.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> Journals were eliminated from the original 21,005 for several reasons, mainly due to being duplicates of other journals found or because they did not meet the specific selection criteria.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> == What were the basic results? == The paper used hazard ratios (HR) to quantify the risk of the various health outcomes mentioned when related to sedentary time. The scale was between 0.5 - 2 with over 1 being considered high risk and below 1 being considered low risk.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> '''Table 2. Health Outcomes and Hazard Ratios''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Health Outcome !! Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |- | All-Cause Mortality || 1.240 (1.090-1.410) |- | CVD Mortality || 1.179 (1.106 - 1.257) |- | CVD Incidence || 1.143 (1.002 - 1.729) |- | Cancer Mortality || 1.173 (1.108 - 1.242) |- | Cancer Incidence || 1.130 (1.053 - 1.213) |- | Diabetes Incidence || 1.910 (1.642 - 2.222) |} The study findings suggest that extended sedentary time was positively associated with adverse health outcomes such as CVD, diabetes, cancer and most significantly all cause mortality independent of physical activity.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> In layman's terms this means that even if someone is physically active but they spend most of their time outside of physical activity being sedentary there is still an increased risk of CVD, diabetes, cancer and death.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> The most alarming result is that incidence of diabetes has a hazard ratio of 1.910 almost reaching 2 meaning that there is a very large increase in risk of developing diabetes the more time spend sedentary.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> Also due to the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) we can be 95% certain that all of these health outcomes are worsened by being sedentary for extended periods of time.<ref name="Biswas2015" /> == What conclusions can we take from this research? == This study highlights the importance of not just being physically active but not being sedentary. While meeting physical activity minimum should be of a high priority to all adults it should not be assumed that if met all health benefits will be kept.<ref name="Biswas2015" /><ref name="Proper2011" /><ref name="Wilmot2012" /> In order to reduce undesirable health outcomes people should be making an active effort to not be sedentary for long periods during waking hours.<ref name="Proper2011" /><ref name="Wilmot2012" /> In some cases it may be that the health benefits being gained through exercise will be negated by spending the majority of time outside of physical activity in a sedentary state. == Practical Advice == Reduction of sedentary time should be put on equal footing in terms of important as completing physical activity minimums for the best overall reduction in undesirable health outcomes.<ref name="Biswas2015" /><ref name="Proper2011" /><ref name="Wilmot2012" /> In cases were meeting the minimum physical activity guidelines is not achievable people should seek to try and reduce sedentary time in order to minimise risk of CVD, diabetes, cancer and death.<ref name="Proper2011" /> == Further reading == * [http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/health-pubhlth-strateg-phys-act-guidelines Australian Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines] * [http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_adults/en/ World Health Organisation - Physical Activity and Adults] == References == {{Reflist}} {{BookCat}} ljt23no3y2t8eapndkvgze1qjr4yi08 4 423678 4680762 4486190 2026-11-07T20:37:17Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Moving from [[Category:Content-related policies]] to [[Category:Content-related policies and guidelines]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4680762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy}} {{shortcut|WB:GUIDE}} This is the policy for the inclusion of '''strategy guides''' and walkthroughs relating to video games. These should be placed on [[Shelf:Electronic games]]. See [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals#Draft policy created]] for the ongoing discussion. == Historical background == Video game strategy guides and walk-throughs were banned from Wikibooks in 2007, although scholarly analysis of video games, or guides on the design of video games, have always been allowed. Following from this decision, most guides were migrated to [[StrategyWiki:Main Page|StrategyWiki]], an existing wiki with a compatible license. Following the strong consensus at a community discussion in early 2021, this was reversed, as it was felt that it was no longer logical to exclude books on video games that described strategy. But there was also strong consensus that a policy would be needed to implement this change. == Overview of policy == The main consideration is that Wikibooks has a number of [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines|policies and guidelines]] relating to content, and nothing in this policy supersedes these. Instead it provides additional guidance for strategy guides, which should conform with the [[Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks|purpose of Wikibooks]] as an educational resource that allows textbooks, annotated texts, instructional guides, and manuals. == Copyright considerations == [[File:Celeste screenshot 09.png|thumb|300px|With this screenshot from the game [[w:Celeste (video game)|''Celeste'']], the developer confirmed a compatible license with a [[c:Commons:Volunteer Response Team|VRT]] ticket, allowing it to be hosted at Commons]] [[File:Portal physics-3.svg|thumb|200px|A freely-licensed image created to illustrate gameplay of the game [[w:Portal (video game)|''Portal'']]]] Wikibooks has strict rules regarding copyrights: see [[Wikibooks:Copyrights]] for the full policy. In particular: * If you contribute text directly to Wikibooks, you irrevocably agree to license it for reuse under the [[creativecommons:by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]] and [[Wikibooks:GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]] licenses. * Avoid [[w:Plagiarism|plagiarism]] in your guide; you should never represent the work of another author as one's own. * If in any doubt over copyright, please ask somewhere like the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance|assistance reading room]]. The [[Help:Importing|importing]] of text from external sources may be feasible under certain circumstances, which can be [[Wikibooks:Requests for import| requested]]. But please note: * Compatible licenses of copyrighted sources for importing include [[w:Creative Commons license|CC BY-SA]] (versions 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 4.0), and CC BY (all versions and ports, up to and including 4.0). Additionally, public domain and CC0 sources can be imported. * Be sure that any license requirements are complied with. For example, attribution of sources is often required by licenses. * Many sources will be copyrighted with licenses incompatible to that of Wikibooks. While providing citations to these are permitted, the copying of content is normally prohibited, unless under the doctrine of [[w:Fair use|fair use]]. Fair use should only be applied as [[Wikibooks:Copyrights#Non-free materials and special requirements|described by policy]]. * If importing from a source with a compatible license, make sure that the source itself does not have a different interpretation of copyright. For instance, StrategyWiki allows the use of video game handbook content verbatim in articles; but this is not allowed on Wikibooks (except in small portions), unless the video game handbook itself was released under a compatible license, which is usually not the case. === Screenshots and other media usage === The usage of media, such as images, videos and sounds, is strictly limited by policy: see [[Wikibooks:Media]] for the full policy. Media in Wikibooks usually fall into two broad categories: * '''Media in the public domain, or under a [[c:Commons:Licensing|Commons-compatible free license]]'''. New media in this category should be uploaded to [[c:Main Page|Wikimedia Commons]]; you can also search Commons for suitable media that are already there. Media at Commons may still be copyrighted, but their free licenses allow for their liberal reuse in books. * '''Non-free media, which must be uploaded to Wikibooks, and only used under the strict terms of the [[Wikibooks:Media#Non-free use|non-free media usage policy]].''' Non-free media are copyrighted, and the policy for their reuse relates to the doctrine of fair use in US law. Trusted users needing to upload non-free media can apply for local [[Wikibooks:Uploaders|uploader]] rights, and other users can ask for non-free media to be uploaded at [[Wikibooks:Requests for import|requests for import]]. [[w:screenshot|Screenshots]] taken from copyrighted games are usually copyrighted non-free media; exceptions to this are rare, but the EULA (end-user license agreement) can be consulted to check this. Non-free media rules would normally apply to screenshots of popular games and series like [[w:Minecraft|''Minecraft'']], [[w:Grand Theft Auto|''Grand Theft Auto'']], and [[w:Pokémon|''Pokémon'']]. Screenshots of open-source games may be in the public domain, or compatible with an appropriate free license; but carefully examine the EULA of open-source games as there can be exceptions. If a developer consents to donating [[Commons:Category:Video game screenshots|screenshots]], you may consider going through the [[c:Commons:Volunteer Response Team|Volunteer Response Team]] with them to make otherwise non-free media available under a free license. Copyright issues relating to media can be complex, but a good place to ask would be [[c:Commons:Village pump/Copyright|Commons:Village pump/Copyright]]; but first read [[c:Commons:FAQ|Commons:FAQ]], [[c:Commons:Licensing|Commons:Licensing]], and [[c:Commons:Copyright rules by subject matter|Commons:Copyright rules by subject matter]]. To get around the restrictions on non-free media, graphical images and other media can be created to demonstrate gameplay, that are not screenshots nor restrictively copyrighted; examples of these can be found at [[c:Category:Video game gameplay|Category:Video game gameplay at Commons]]. ==Other considerations== === Only include significant games === Please do not include strategy guides for video games that are likely not significant to the wider gaming community. Wikibooks is [[WB:SOAP|not a place to merely advertise]] your or your friend's game. A useful [[w:Rule of thumb|rule of thumb]] is to look at review aggregator websites such as [https://www.metacritic.com/ Metacritic] or [https://opencritic.com/ OpenCritic]; if a video game listed there has garnered reviews, there is every indication that the game is widely significant. Inclusion of games in other prominent review sites may also indicate significance. Games that pass the [[w:Wikipedia:Notability (video games)|notability requirements of Wikipedia]] should also be acceptable. If there is doubt whether a game is significant, this should be discussed at venues such as the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Projects|projects reading room]]. === Employ an academic tone === In general, an academic tone should be employed in strategy guides. Overall, the style should be that of the [[w:academic writing|academic writing]] that you might find in a textbook, research paper, or encyclopedia. In particular, [[WB:SOAP|advertising or self-promotion]], or other types of endorsements, should be avoided; and a [[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]], which is a fair and neutral description of the facts, should always be presented. It can be helpful to give a wider context to video game strategy, such as a historical or technical discussion of the game. === Avoid primary research === Wikibooks does not allow [[WB:OR|primary research]], such as proposing new theories and solutions, and presenting original ideas. However, you can use video games as a [[w:primary source|primary source]]; and it is reasonable to describe elements of strategy that are likely to be encountered during a typical play-through of a game. But opinions about the relative benefits of strategies should be avoided, unless they are obvious, or else provided by citing reliable [[w:Secondary source|secondary]] or [[w:Tertiary source|tertiary]] sources. It is preferable to provide [[Help:Editing#References|references]] for citations of any secondary or tertiary sources. Citing secondary or tertiary sources may also help in maintaining a [[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]]; any controversial statements should be shown within the context of other opinions, and reliable sources should help in providing these. == See also == * [[Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks?]] * [[Wikibooks:Copyrights]] * [[Wikibooks:Media]] * [[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view]] {{Wikibooks policies and guidelines}} [[Category:Content-related policies and guidelines]] bkyzf4ac2j6xg66brf29nhf4q3cmyyu 4 423895 4680759 4612705 2026-11-07T20:37:16Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Moving from [[Category:Content-related policies]] to [[Category:Content-related policies and guidelines]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 4680759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy|WB:MEDIA}} This policy explains our requirements for media files used on Wikibooks, which includes images, audio and video clips. Media files which do not meet these requirements may be deleted as described in the [[WB:DP|deletion policy]]. Textbooks on Wikibooks are dual licensed under the terms of the [[WB:CC-BY-SA|Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license]] and [[WB:GFDL|Wikibooks:GNU Free Documentation License]] so that anyone can freely use, modify and redistribute our books whether for free or for profit. Media files included in our books are usually licensed under similar terms, using a <span class="plainlinks">[http://freedomdefined.org/Definition free license]</span>, or they will be in the public domain. Limited use of [[#Non-free media|non-free media]] are also be allowed within the terms of this policy. == Freely licensed or public domain media == {{anchor|freedoms}} Freely licensed or public domain media must be [[c:Commons:Upload|uploaded]] to [[c:|Wikimedia Commons]], Wikimedia's shared media repository. Wikimedia Commons limits the scope of files that can be uploaded. 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If you wish to use media or images that you created in a book on Wikibooks, you may use any free license, such as the [[WB:GFDL|GNU Free Documentation License]] or [[WB:CC BY-SA|Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license]]. You may also choose to dual license your work under multiple free licenses. Dual licensing, where possible, is the preferred method because it grants maximum freedom to the users of the media. Wikimedia Commons has additional information at [[c:Commons:Licensing|Commons:Licensing]]. 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Local uploads of media make use of the [[Special:Upload]] page, but this is only available to [[Wikibooks:Uploaders|uploaders]] and [[Wikibooks:Administrators|administrators]]. Other users should request uploads at [[Wikibooks:Requests for import]], or else request user rights at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]]. Non-free media must only be used within the strict terms of this policy. If you are unsure about non-free media use, ask about it in the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance|assistance reading room]]. This policy for non-free media is in an Exemption Doctrine Policy (EDP) in respect to the [[wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy|Wikimedia Foundation Licensing policy resolution of March 23, 2007]].<ref>This policy is largely based on English Wikipedia policy; the pages [[w:Wikipedia:Non-free content criteria|Wikipedia:Non-free content criteria]], [[w:Wikipedia:Non-free content|Wikipedia:Non-free content]], [[w:Wikipedia:Non-free use rationale guideline|Wikipedia:Non-free use rationale guideline]], and [[w:Wikipedia:Image use policy|Wikipedia:Image use policy]] may be helpful in giving it context.</ref> === Rationale === * To support Wikibooks's mission to produce perpetually [[w:free content|free content]] for unlimited distribution, modification, and application by all users in all media. * To minimize legal exposure, by limiting the amount of non-free media, and using more narrowly defined criteria than apply under the [[w:fair use|fair use]] provisions in [[w:Copyright law of the United States|United States copyright law]]. * To facilitate the judicious use of non-free media to support the development of high-quality books. === Criteria === There is no automatic entitlement to use non-free media in a book or elsewhere in Wikibooks. 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The resolution of media should generally not be above 800 by 600 pixels, or 0.5 [[w:Megapixel|megapixels]].<ref>A 800 by 600 pixel image equates to 0.48 megapixels.</ref> However, this is not absolute, and higher resolution media may be uploaded with a reasonable rationale. [[w:Cropping (image)|Cropping media]] may help in achieving a lower resolution. # {{anchor|4}}'''Previous publication.''' Non-free media must be taken from a work which has been published or publicly displayed outside Wikibooks by (or with permission from) the copyright holder; or a derivative of such a work created by a Wikibooks editor. # {{anchor|5}}'''Content standards.''' Non-free media meet all general Wikibooks content standards, and are educational in nature. # {{anchor|6}}'''Media-use standards.''' Non-free media are only used in the manner described at [[Help:Files]]. # {{anchor|7}}'''One-page minimum.''' Non-free media are used in at least one page. # {{anchor|8}}'''Contextual significance.''' Non-free media are used only if its presence would significantly increase readers' understanding of the topic in question, and its omission would be detrimental to that understanding. # {{anchor|9}}'''Restrictions on location.''' Non-free media are only allowed on pages in the main, Wikijunior, and Cookbook [[WB:NS|namespaces]]. To prevent an image category from displaying thumbnails, add <code><nowiki>__NOGALLERY__</nowiki></code> to it. Media should be linked, and not in-lined, from talk pages when they are a topic of discussion. # {{anchor|10}}'''Media description page.''' The media description page must contain the following: #: {{anchor|10A|10a}}(a) An appropriate [[Wikibooks:Templates/Files|non-free use template]] should be completed with the information below. #: {{anchor|10B|10b}}(b) Who the current copyright holder(s) is/are, the copyright date(s), and an identification of the source of the original copyrighted material. Where possible, any known artist(s) and publisher(s) should be listed. #: {{anchor|10C|10c}}(c) An easily identifiable [[Template:Non-free use rationale|rationale]] for why a non-free use media is required, for each instance of its use. === Enforcement === * A file with a valid non-free-use rationale for some, but not all, instances of its use will not be deleted. Instead, the file should be removed from the pages for which it lacks a non-free-use rationale, or a suitable rationale should be added. * If a file does not otherwise comply with this policy, it can be [[WB:SPEEDY|deleted]] 48 hours after notification to the uploading editor. The uploading editor, or another editor, must provide a convincing non-free-use defense that satisfies all 10 criteria, for the file to be retained. == See also == * [[foundation:Resolution:Licensing policy|Wikimedia Foundation licensing policy]] * [[Wikibooks:Boilerplate request for permission]] * [[WB:UPLOAD|How to upload files]] * [[c:|Wikimedia Commons, free media repository]] == Notes == {{reflist}} {{Wikibooks policies and guidelines}} [[Category:Content-related policies and guidelines]] mi4wl18phsideiuc16icmac3fgdhipj 0 425022 4680860 3998156 2026-11-08T05:54:24Z Yudukikun5120 2197859 Add interlanguage link to Japanese Wikibooks: [[ja:認識論]] 4680860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Book title|{{BOOKNAME}}|}} == Table of contents == {{Book search}} {{Print version}} '''<big>Introduction</big>''' <big>-</big> [[/What is epistemology|What is epistemology?]] === Section 1: The Analysis of Knowledge === # [[/What is analysis?/]] # [[/Justified true belief/]] # [[/Gettier cases/]] # [[/Adding an extra condition/]] # [[/Reliabilism/]] # [[/Virtue reliabilism/]] # [[/Virtue responsibilism/]] # [[/Maybe knowledge can't be analysed/]] '''Section 1''': [[Epistemology/References and further reading#Section 1: The Analysis of Knowledge|References and further reading]] === Section 2: The Sources of Knowledge === # Rationalism vs Empiricism # Perception # Intuition and deduction # [[/Innatism/]] # Memory and introspection # Testimony # Science '''Section 2''': [[Epistemology/References and further reading#Section 2: The Sources of Knowledge|References and further reading]] === Section 3: The Problem of Scepticism === # Agrippa's trilemma # Foundationalism # Coherentism # Other responses (infinitism, positism, foundherentism) # Radical scepticism (sceptical scenarios and the closure principle) # Contextualism # Here is one hand, and here is another # Even if I'm being deceived I know I'm right (veridicalism) # Pragmatism === Section 4: Living in a World of Knowledge === # The epistemology of disagreement # Epistemic responsibility # Epistemic injustice # Feminist epistemology # Epistemology of the internet {{Shelves|Epistemology}} {{Status|25%}} __NOTOC__ [[ja:認識論]] tgjqduewstgzesytjnfrq9j09gs01m1 0 425030 4680865 3847154 2026-11-08T05:58:57Z Yudukikun5120 2197859 Add interlanguage link to Japanese Wikibooks: [[ja:認識論/徳責任主義]] 4680865 wikitext text/x-wiki In response to Sosa's formulation of a virtue epistemology that rested on the virtuous use of reliable faculties, other philosophers began to formulate their own versions. Some thought that although Sosa had been right to bring attention to intellectual virtues, that he was wrong in not conceptualising intellectual virtues as praiseworthy character traits more akin to the virtues of virtue ethics. The contributions of this group of philosophers led to the birth of virtue responsibilism. Although virtue epistemologists had many different motivations for developing this theory, such as to better understand our intellectual responsibilities to others or as a way of guiding intellectual practice, in this chapter we will be focusing on the work of Linda Zagzebski whose project was focused on the use of virtue responsibilism to provide the proper analysis of knowledge. Zagzebski defines knowledge simply: knowledge is "belief arising out of acts of intellectual virtue". However, this simplicity hides a complex theory of intellectual virtues that at once attempts to solve the Gettier problem in a way similar to Sosa, whilst at the same time explaining the acquisition of high-level knowledge such as that acquired by a brilliant scientist or genius detective. {{PSG/def|The '''virtue responsibilist analysis of knowledge''': S knows that p if and only if #S believes that p, and #S's belief that p arises from an act of intellectual virtue where p is a proposition. An '''act of intellectual virtue''' A is an act which: # arises from the motivational component of A, # is the kind of act characteristic of what a person with virtue A would do, and # is successful in reaching the truth because of these features of the act.}} === Acts of intellectual virtue === Acts of intellectual virtue have three components. # When people have moral virtues such as generosity, compassion, kindness and so on, they are motivated to make the world a certain way. For example, a compassionate person seeing somebody in pain would want to relieve there suffering and so would be motivated to do something to make the person feel better. In direct analogy, the first feature of an intellectually virtuous act is that it must arise from the motivational component of an intellectual virtue. In the case of compassion, the motivational component is a desire to relieve the suffering in the world. In the case of curiosity (as an example of an intellectual virtue), the motivational component is the desire to discover new things and to come to a deeper understandings of the things we already know. Likewise, intellectual humility may motivate us to hear out other perspectives before we form conclusions, and intellectual courage may motivate us to propose creative solutions to problems even if they seem outlandish to others. These are all examples of intellectually virtuous motivations. # Virtuous motivations are part of what makes an act praiseworthy but it isn't the whole story. Consider the example of a person that acts kindly to somebody else but only because they do not want to seem mean to their friends (not because they are genuinely motivated by kindness). It seems that in this case, the act of kindness itself is morally valuable even if it is not motivated by virtuous reasons. In general, people who are not virtuously motivated can still do the "right" thing and this is just as true for intellectual action as it is for moral action. To put it in other words, part of the value of a virtuous act is that it is the kind of thing that a virtuous person would do under the circumstances and, therefore, another component of an intellectually virtuous act is that it is the kind of thing that an intellectually virtuous person would do. # Finally, acts of intellectual virtue must also be successful in meeting the ends of the virtuous motivation because of these previously mentioned features. In the case of the compassionate person described previously, the motivational component of compassion is the desire to relieve the suffering in the world and the end of this motivational component in the given scenario is to make the hurting person feel better. For an act under these circumstances to be truly virtuous, it must succeed in making the hurting person feel better, otherwise it would be a failed virtuous act, and it must achieve this success ''because'' it was virtuously motivated and ''because'' it was the kind of thing a virtuous person would do, otherwise it would just be lucky. For acts of intellectual virtues, truth is the end that must be successfully achieved and it must be achieved due to the first two components. Similarly to Sosa's aptness condition, this condition requires that the truth of the belief be tied up with the virtuousness of the act and there is a similar argument that because of this it can avoid Gettier cases. Some virtue epistemologists have critiqued Zagzebski's theory of intellectually virtuous acts. For example, many virtue epistemologists see the analysis of knowledge to be a less important task of epistemology than the task of telling us what we should believe and how we should conduct our intellectual inquiry. These virtue epistemologists, called "virtue anti-theorists", argue that the central task of virtue epistemology is to study particular intellectual virtues to fully understand their unique value and that any attempt to make systematic connections between all virtues and knowledge is doomed to failure. In the next chapter, we will study similar thoughts behind an approach to epistemology called "knowledge first epistemology" which holds that knowledge is unanalysable. A more particular argument against Zagzebski's theory is that the conditions for a virtuous act are too strict. For example, consider a person who donates to charity out of kindness but the money is lost in transaction before it got to the charity. In this case, it seems that even though the act of giving to charity failed to achieve its virtuous end, it is nonetheless a virtuous act. We might also worry that the condition that we have intellectually virtuous motivations for a belief to count as knowledge may be too strict. This will be discussed more in the next section of this chapter and the distinction between high and low grade knowledge. === High and low grade knowledge === === Gettier strikes again === [[File:Crime_scene.svg|right|frameless|270x270px]] [[File:Police_car_side_animation.png|right|frameless|270x270px]] A Gettier counterexample to Zagzebski's virtue responsibilism provided by Heather Battally is shown below: * Brenda is a detective investigating the murder of an accountant for a big corporation * There are 2 suspects: the CEO of the corporation and the accountant’s husband – there is evidence against both of them and they both have a motive * Brenda considers the evidence and comes to the conclusion that, although it’s mixed, it points more towards the CEO than the husband * Out of intellectual humility, Brenda is motivated to hear out the opinions of her investigative team so that she can feel more certain that she has come to the truth (virtuous motivation) * The CEO of the company knows the evidence against him is strong, so he uses his massive amount of money to hire a hypnotist to brainwash the investigative team into believing that the accountant’s husband committed the murder * After listening to her investigative team (the kind of act an intellectually humble person would do), Brenda is convinced and forms the belief that the husband is the murderer * It turns out that the murderer actually was the accountant’s husband * If Brenda hadn't been virtuously motivated and acted as an intellectually humble person would do, she would not have believed that the husband committed the murder * Therefore, Brenda is successful in reaching the truth due to the appropriate features of her actions and so according to virtue responsibilism has knowledge * BUT we would never really consider this knowledge because the investigative team was brainwashed - Brenda only has knowledge through luck! {{navigation|previous=Virtue reliabilism|next=Maybe knowledge can't be analysed}} 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!style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|150Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1510x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1511x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1512x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1513x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1514x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1515x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1516x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1517x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1518x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1519x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|151Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|151Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|151Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|151Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|151Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|151Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1520x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1521x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1522x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1523x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1524x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1525x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1526x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1527x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1528x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1529x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|152Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|152Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|152Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|152Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|152Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|152Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1530x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1531x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1532x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1533x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1534x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1535x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1536x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1537x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1538x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1539x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|153Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|153Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|153Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|153Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|153Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|153Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1540x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1541x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1542x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1543x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1544x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1545x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1546x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1547x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1548x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1549x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|154Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|154Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|154Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|154Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|154Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|154Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Mayan Hieroglyphs''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1550x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1551x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1552x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1553x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1554x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1555x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1556x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1557x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1558x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1559x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|155Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|155Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|155Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|155Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|155Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|155Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1560x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1561x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1562x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1563x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1564x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1565x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1566x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1567x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1568x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1569x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|156Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|156Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|156Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|156Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|156Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Mayan Hieroglyph Format Controls''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|156Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1570x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Mayan Hieroglyphs Extended-A''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1571x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1572x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1573x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1574x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1575x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1576x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1577x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1578x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1579x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|157Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|157Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|157Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|157Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|157Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|157Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1580x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1581x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1582x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1583x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1584x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1585x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1586x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1587x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1588x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1589x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|158Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|158Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|158Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|158Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|158Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|158Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1590x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1591x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1592x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1593x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1594x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1595x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1596x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1597x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1598x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|1599x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|159Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|159Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|159Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|159Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|159Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|159Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15A0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15A1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15A2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15A3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15A4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15A5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15A6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15A7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15A8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15A9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15AAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15ABx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15ACx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15ADx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15AEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15AFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Kore Sebeli''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15B0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15B1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15B2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15B3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15B4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15B5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15B6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15B7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Mandombe''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15B8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15B9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15BAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15BBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15BCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15BDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15BEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15BFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15C0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15C1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15C2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15C3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15C4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15C5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15C6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15C7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15C8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15C9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15CAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15CBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15CCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15CDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15CEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15CFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15D0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15D1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15D2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15D3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15D4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15D5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15D6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15D7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15D8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15D9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15DAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15DBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15DCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15DDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15DEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15DFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15E0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15E1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15E2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15E3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15E4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15E5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15E6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15E7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15E8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15E9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15EAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15EBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15ECx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15EDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15EEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15EFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15F0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15F1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15F2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15F3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15F4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15F5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15F6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15F7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15F8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15F9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15FAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15FBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15FCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15FDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15FEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}"|15FFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} 2jpauef3qo12m43wyogqkanv8vslmoj 0 433324 4680856 4673812 2026-11-08T05:41:51Z ILYA125467 3627024 Ndiko Jonam and N'ti are provisionally assigned now. 4680856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Proto-Elamite (ctd.)''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C00x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C01x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C02x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C03x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C04x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C05x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C06x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C07x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C08x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C09x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C0Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C0Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C0Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C0Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C0Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C0Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C10x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C11x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C12x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C13x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C14x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C15x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C16x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C17x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C18x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C19x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C1Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C1Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C1Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C1Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C1Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C1Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C20x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C21x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C22x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C23x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C24x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C25x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C26x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C27x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C28x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C29x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C2Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C2Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C2Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C2Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C2Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C2Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C30x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C31x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C32x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C33x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C34x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C35x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C36x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C37x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Linear Elamite''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C38x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C39x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C3Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C3Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C3Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C3Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C3Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C3Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C40x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C41x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C42x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C43x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C44x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C45x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C46x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C47x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C48x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C49x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C4Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C4Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C4Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C4Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C4Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C4Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C50x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C51x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C52x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C53x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C54x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C55x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C56x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C57x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C58x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C59x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C5Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C5Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C5Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C5Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C5Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C5Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C60x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C61x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C62x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C63x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C64x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C65x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C66x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C67x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C68x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C69x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C6Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C6Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C6Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C6Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C6Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C6Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C70x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C71x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C72x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C73x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C74x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C75x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C76x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C77x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C78x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C79x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C7Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C7Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C7Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C7Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C7Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C7Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Shaaldaa''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C80x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C81x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C82x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C83x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C84x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C85x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C86x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C87x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C88x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C89x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C8Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C8Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C8Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C8Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C8Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C8Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C90x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C91x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C92x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C93x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C94x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C95x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C96x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C97x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C98x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C99x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C9Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C9Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C9Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C9Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C9Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1C9Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CA0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CA1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CA2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CA3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CA4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CA5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CA6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CA7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CA8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CA9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CAAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CABx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CACx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CADx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CAEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CAFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CB0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CB1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CB2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Ndiko Jonam''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CB3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CB4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CB5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CB6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CB7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Nti''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CB8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CB9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CBAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CBBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CBCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CBDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CBEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CBFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CC0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING GO-KART|&#x1cc00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING GO-KART|&#x1cc01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING STICK FIGURE|&#x1cc02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING STICK FIGURE|&#x1cc03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING STICK FIGURE|&#x1cc04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HORIZONTAL RULER SEGMENT|&#x1cc05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT VERTICAL RULER SEGMENT|&#x1cc06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT RULER SEGMENT|&#x1cc07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTENNA|&#x1cc08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL RESISTOR SEGMENT|&#x1cc09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL RESISTOR SEGMENT|&#x1cc0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THIRD INDUCTOR|&#x1cc0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIDDLE THIRD INDUCTOR|&#x1cc0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT THIRD INDUCTOR|&#x1cc0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING DIODE|&#x1cc0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING DIODE|&#x1cc0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CC1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NPN TRANSISTOR|&#x1cc10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PNP TRANSISTOR|&#x1cc11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECEPTACLE|&#x1cc12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL CAPACITOR|&#x1cc13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL CAPACITOR|&#x1cc14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGIC GATE OR|&#x1cc15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGIC GATE AND|&#x1cc16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGIC GATE INVERTED INPUTS|&#x1cc17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGIC GATE INVERTED OUTPUT|&#x1cc18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGIC GATE BUFFER|&#x1cc19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGIC GATE BUFFER WITH INVERTED INPUT|&#x1cc1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL AND UPPER RIGHT|&#x1cc1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL AND LOWER RIGHT|&#x1cc1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT TOP AND UPPER LEFT|&#x1cc1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT BOTTOM AND LOWER LEFT|&#x1cc1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DIAGONAL UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT|&#x1cc1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CC2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT|&#x1cc20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK QUADRANT-1|&#x1cc21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK QUADRANT-2|&#x1cc22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK QUADRANT-12|&#x1cc23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK QUADRANT-3|&#x1cc24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK QUADRANT-13|&#x1cc25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK QUADRANT-23|&#x1cc26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK QUADRANT-123|&#x1cc27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK QUADRANT-4|&#x1cc28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK QUADRANT-14|&#x1cc29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK QUADRANT-24|&#x1cc2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK QUADRANT-124|&#x1cc2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK QUADRANT-34|&#x1cc2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK QUADRANT-134|&#x1cc2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK QUADRANT-234|&#x1cc2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK QUADRANT-1234|&#x1cc2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CC3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT TWELFTH CIRCLE|&#x1cc30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER CENTRE LEFT TWELFTH CIRCLE|&#x1cc31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER CENTRE RIGHT TWELFTH CIRCLE|&#x1cc32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT TWELFTH CIRCLE|&#x1cc33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER MIDDLE LEFT TWELFTH CIRCLE|&#x1cc34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUARTER CIRCLE|&#x1cc35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT QUARTER CIRCLE|&#x1cc36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER MIDDLE RIGHT TWELFTH CIRCLE|&#x1cc37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER MIDDLE LEFT TWELFTH CIRCLE|&#x1cc38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUARTER CIRCLE|&#x1cc39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUARTER CIRCLE|&#x1cc3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER MIDDLE RIGHT TWELFTH CIRCLE|&#x1cc3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT TWELFTH CIRCLE|&#x1cc3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER CENTRE LEFT TWELFTH CIRCLE|&#x1cc3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER CENTRE RIGHT TWELFTH CIRCLE|&#x1cc3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT TWELFTH CIRCLE|&#x1cc3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CC4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SPARSE HORIZONTAL FILL|&#x1cc40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPARSE VERTICAL FILL|&#x1cc41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORTHOGONAL CROSSHATCH FILL|&#x1cc42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAGONAL CROSSHATCH FILL|&#x1cc43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENSE VERTICAL FILL|&#x1cc44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENSE HORIZONTAL FILL|&#x1cc45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPECKLE FILL FRAME-1|&#x1cc46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPECKLE FILL FRAME-2|&#x1cc47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-FACING BASSINET|&#x1cc48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-FACING BASSINET|&#x1cc49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLYING SAUCER WITH BEAMS|&#x1cc4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLYING SAUCER WITHOUT BEAMS|&#x1cc4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALIEN MONSTER OPEN JAWS|&#x1cc4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALIEN MONSTER CLOSED JAWS|&#x1cc4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALIEN SQUID OPEN TENTACLES|&#x1cc4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALIEN SQUID CLOSED TENTACLES|&#x1cc4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CC5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ALIEN CRAB STEPPING RIGHT|&#x1cc50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALIEN CRAB STEPPING LEFT|&#x1cc51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALIEN SPIDER CROUCHING|&#x1cc52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALIEN SPIDER SPREAD|&#x1cc53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALIEN MONSTER STEP-1|&#x1cc54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALIEN MONSTER STEP-2|&#x1cc55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING ROCKET SHIP|&#x1cc56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING ROCKET SHIP|&#x1cc57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING ROCKET SHIP|&#x1cc58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING ROCKET SHIP|&#x1cc59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF LEFT-FACING ROBOT|&#x1cc5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF FORWARD-FACING ROBOT|&#x1cc5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF RIGHT-FACING ROBOT|&#x1cc5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF LEFT-FACING ROBOT|&#x1cc5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF FORWARD-FACING ROBOT|&#x1cc5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF RIGHT-FACING ROBOT|&#x1cc5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CC6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING ATOMIC BOMB|&#x1cc60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING ATOMIC BOMB|&#x1cc61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING ATOMIC BOMB|&#x1cc62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING ATOMIC BOMB|&#x1cc63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSHROOM CLOUD|&#x1cc64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING RIFLE|&#x1cc65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING RIFLE|&#x1cc66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING RIFLE|&#x1cc67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING RIFLE|&#x1cc68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT RAYS INWARD|&#x1cc69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT RAYS OUTWARD|&#x1cc6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LARGE CIRCLE MINUS LEFT QUARTER SECTION|&#x1cc6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LARGE CIRCLE MINUS UPPER QUARTER SECTION|&#x1cc6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LARGE CIRCLE MINUS RIGHT QUARTER SECTION|&#x1cc6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LARGE CIRCLE MINUS LOWER QUARTER SECTION|&#x1cc6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK NEUTRAL FACE|&#x1cc6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CC7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-FACING SNAKE HEAD WITH OPEN MOUTH|&#x1cc70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-FACING SNAKE HEAD WITH OPEN MOUTH|&#x1cc71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-FACING SNAKE HEAD WITH OPEN MOUTH|&#x1cc72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-FACING SNAKE HEAD WITH OPEN MOUTH|&#x1cc73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-FACING SNAKE HEAD WITH CLOSED MOUTH|&#x1cc74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-FACING SNAKE HEAD WITH CLOSED MOUTH|&#x1cc75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-FACING SNAKE HEAD WITH CLOSED MOUTH|&#x1cc76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-FACING SNAKE HEAD WITH CLOSED MOUTH|&#x1cc77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING ENERGY WAVE|&#x1cc78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING ENERGY WAVE|&#x1cc79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING ENERGY WAVE|&#x1cc7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING ENERGY WAVE|&#x1cc7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE SPIRAL FROM TOP LEFT|&#x1cc7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE SPIRAL FROM TOP RIGHT|&#x1cc7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE SPIRAL FROM BOTTOM RIGHT|&#x1cc7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE SPIRAL FROM BOTTOM LEFT|&#x1cc7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CC8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|STRIPED LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x1cc80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRIPED UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x1cc81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRIPED RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x1cc82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRIPED DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x1cc83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LADDER|&#x1cc84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL LADDER|&#x1cc85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LOWER LEFT POINTER|&#x1cc86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LOWER RIGHT POINTER|&#x1cc87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO RINGS ALIGNED HORIZONTALLY|&#x1cc88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE FOUR CORNER SALTIRES|&#x1cc89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE FOUR CORNER DIAGONALS|&#x1cc8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE FOUR CORNER BLACK TRIANGLES|&#x1cc8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE APERTURE|&#x1cc8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE BLACK DIAMOND|&#x1cc8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND UPPER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK CONTAINING BLACK SMALL SQUARE|&#x1cc8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE BLACK SMALL SQUARE|&#x1cc8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CC9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH FOUR TICK MARKS|&#x1cc90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL LINE WITH FOUR TICK MARKS|&#x1cc91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-FACING FISH|&#x1cc92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-FACING FISH|&#x1cc93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-FACING FISH WITH OPEN MOUTH|&#x1cc94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-FACING FISH WITH OPEN MOUTH|&#x1cc95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLAPPING BIRD|&#x1cc96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING RACING CAR|&#x1cc97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING RACING CAR|&#x1cc98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING RACING CAR|&#x1cc99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING RACING CAR|&#x1cc9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL RACING CAR|&#x1cc9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL RACING CAR|&#x1cc9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL GO-KART|&#x1cc9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING TANK|&#x1cc9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING TANK|&#x1cc9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CCAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING ROCKET BOOSTER|&#x1cca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING ROCKET BOOSTER|&#x1cca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING ROLLER COASTER CAR|&#x1cca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING ROLLER COASTER CAR|&#x1cca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF FLYING SAUCER|&#x1cca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF FLYING SAUCER|&#x1cca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUADRANT FACE WITH OPEN EYES|&#x1cca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT FACE WITH OPEN EYES|&#x1cca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUADRANT FACE WITH CLOSED EYES|&#x1cca8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT FACE WITH CLOSED EYES|&#x1cca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT SMILING FACE|&#x1ccaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT SMILING FACE|&#x1ccab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT NEUTRAL FACE|&#x1ccac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT NEUTRAL FACE|&#x1ccad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH|&#x1ccae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH|&#x1ccaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CCBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT FROWNING FACE|&#x1ccb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT FROWNING FACE|&#x1ccb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUADRANT TELEVISION|&#x1ccb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT TELEVISION|&#x1ccb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT TELEVISION|&#x1ccb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT TELEVISION|&#x1ccb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUADRANT MICROCOMPUTER|&#x1ccb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT MICROCOMPUTER|&#x1ccb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT MICROCOMPUTER|&#x1ccb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT MICROCOMPUTER|&#x1ccb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUADRANT CHESS KING|&#x1ccba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT CHESS KING|&#x1ccbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT CHESS KING|&#x1ccbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT CHESS KING|&#x1ccbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUADRANT CHESS QUEEN|&#x1ccbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT CHESS QUEEN|&#x1ccbf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CCCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT CHESS QUEEN|&#x1ccc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT CHESS QUEEN|&#x1ccc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUADRANT CHESS ROOK|&#x1ccc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT CHESS ROOK|&#x1ccc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT CHESS ROOK|&#x1ccc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT CHESS ROOK|&#x1ccc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUADRANT CHESS BISHOP|&#x1ccc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT CHESS BISHOP|&#x1ccc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT CHESS BISHOP|&#x1ccc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT CHESS BISHOP|&#x1ccc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUADRANT CHESS KNIGHT|&#x1ccca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT CHESS KNIGHT|&#x1cccb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT CHESS KNIGHT|&#x1cccc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT CHESS KNIGHT|&#x1cccd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUADRANT CHESS 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F|&#x1ccdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|&#x1ccdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|&#x1ccdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x1ccde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|&#x1ccdf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CCEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|&#x1cce0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|&#x1cce1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|&#x1cce2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|&#x1cce3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x1cce4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|&#x1cce5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|&#x1cce6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|&#x1cce7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|&#x1cce8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|&#x1cce9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x1ccea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|&#x1cceb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|&#x1ccec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|&#x1cced;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|&#x1ccee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|&#x1ccef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CCFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED DIGIT ZERO|&#x1ccf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED DIGIT ONE|&#x1ccf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED DIGIT TWO|&#x1ccf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED DIGIT THREE|&#x1ccf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED DIGIT FOUR|&#x1ccf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED DIGIT FIVE|&#x1ccf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED DIGIT SIX|&#x1ccf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1ccf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1ccf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED DIGIT NINE|&#x1ccf9;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SNAKE SYMBOL|&#x1ccfa;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FLYING SAUCER SYMBOL|&#x1ccfb;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NOSE SYMBOL|&#x1ccfc;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CD0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-3|&#x1cd00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK 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OCTANT-346|&#x1cd23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-1346|&#x1cd24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-2346|&#x1cd25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-12346|&#x1cd26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-56|&#x1cd27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-156|&#x1cd28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-256|&#x1cd29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-1256|&#x1cd2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-356|&#x1cd2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-1356|&#x1cd2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-2356|&#x1cd2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-12356|&#x1cd2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-456|&#x1cd2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CD3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-1456|&#x1cd30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-2456|&#x1cd31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-12456|&#x1cd32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-3456|&#x1cd33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-13456|&#x1cd34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-23456|&#x1cd35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-17|&#x1cd36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-27|&#x1cd37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-127|&#x1cd38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-37|&#x1cd39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-137|&#x1cd3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-237|&#x1cd3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-1237|&#x1cd3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-47|&#x1cd3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-147|&#x1cd3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-247|&#x1cd3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CD4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-1247|&#x1cd40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-347|&#x1cd41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-1347|&#x1cd42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-2347|&#x1cd43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-12347|&#x1cd44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-157|&#x1cd45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-257|&#x1cd46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-1257|&#x1cd47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-357|&#x1cd48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-2357|&#x1cd49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-12357|&#x1cd4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-457|&#x1cd4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-1457|&#x1cd4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-12457|&#x1cd4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-3457|&#x1cd4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-13457|&#x1cd4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CD5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-23457|&#x1cd50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-67|&#x1cd51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-167|&#x1cd52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-267|&#x1cd53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-1267|&#x1cd54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK OCTANT-367|&#x1cd55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLOCK 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LEFT|&#x1ce19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE UPPER LEFT ARC|&#x1ce1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE UPPER LEFT CORNER|&#x1ce1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE UPPER TERMINAL|&#x1ce1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE UPPER LEFT CROTCH|&#x1ce1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE LEFT ARM|&#x1ce1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE CROSSBAR|&#x1ce1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CE2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE CROSSBAR WITH LOWER STEM|&#x1ce20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE UPPER HALF VERTEX OF M|&#x1ce21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE DIAGONAL LOWER LEFT|&#x1ce22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE SHORT UPPER TERMINAL|&#x1ce23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE UPPER RIGHT ARC|&#x1ce24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE RIGHT ARM|&#x1ce25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE UPPER RIGHT 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X|&#x1ce32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE CENTRE OF Y|&#x1ce33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE CENTRE OF Z WITH CROSSBAR|&#x1ce34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE RAISED UPPER LEFT ARC|&#x1ce35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE STEM WITH LEFT CROSSBAR|&#x1ce36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE LOWER RIGHT AND UPPER RIGHT ARC|&#x1ce37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT AND LOWER LEFT|&#x1ce38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE STEM WITH LEFT JOINT|&#x1ce39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE STEM WITH CROSSBAR|&#x1ce3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT|&#x1ce3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE LOWER TERMINAL|&#x1ce3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE LOWER LEFT CORNER|&#x1ce3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE LOWER LEFT ARC|&#x1ce3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE LOWER LEFT CROTCH|&#x1ce3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CE4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE CROSSBAR WITH UPPER STEM|&#x1ce40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE VERTEX OF V|&#x1ce41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE LOWER HALF VERTEX OF W|&#x1ce42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE LOWER RIGHT ARC|&#x1ce43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE LOWER RIGHT CORNER|&#x1ce44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE LOWER RIGHT ARC WITH TAIL|&#x1ce45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE LOWER RIGHT CROTCH|&#x1ce46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE STEM-45|&#x1ce47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE STEM-2345|&#x1ce48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE STEM-4|&#x1ce49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE STEM-34|&#x1ce4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE STEM-234|&#x1ce4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE STEM-1234|&#x1ce4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE STEM-3|&#x1ce4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE STEM-23|&#x1ce4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE STEM-2|&#x1ce4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CE5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TYPE PIECE STEM-12|&#x1ce50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-1|&#x1ce51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-2|&#x1ce52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-12|&#x1ce53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-3|&#x1ce54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-13|&#x1ce55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-23|&#x1ce56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-123|&#x1ce57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-4|&#x1ce58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-14|&#x1ce59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-24|&#x1ce5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-124|&#x1ce5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-34|&#x1ce5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-134|&#x1ce5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-234|&#x1ce5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-1234|&#x1ce5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CE6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-5|&#x1ce60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-15|&#x1ce61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-25|&#x1ce62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-125|&#x1ce63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-35|&#x1ce64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-135|&#x1ce65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-235|&#x1ce66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-1235|&#x1ce67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-45|&#x1ce68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-145|&#x1ce69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-245|&#x1ce6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-1245|&#x1ce6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-345|&#x1ce6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-1345|&#x1ce6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-2345|&#x1ce6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-12345|&#x1ce6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CE7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-6|&#x1ce70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-16|&#x1ce71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-26|&#x1ce72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-126|&#x1ce73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-36|&#x1ce74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-136|&#x1ce75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-236|&#x1ce76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-1236|&#x1ce77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-46|&#x1ce78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-146|&#x1ce79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-246|&#x1ce7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-1246|&#x1ce7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-346|&#x1ce7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-1346|&#x1ce7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-2346|&#x1ce7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-12346|&#x1ce7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CE8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-56|&#x1ce80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-156|&#x1ce81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-256|&#x1ce82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-1256|&#x1ce83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-356|&#x1ce84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-1356|&#x1ce85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-2356|&#x1ce86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-12356|&#x1ce87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-456|&#x1ce88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-1456|&#x1ce89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-2456|&#x1ce8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-12456|&#x1ce8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-3456|&#x1ce8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-13456|&#x1ce8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-23456|&#x1ce8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED BLOCK SEXTANT-123456|&#x1ce8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CE9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT ONE SIXTEENTH BLOCK|&#x1ce90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER CENTRE LEFT ONE SIXTEENTH BLOCK|&#x1ce91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER CENTRE RIGHT ONE SIXTEENTH BLOCK|&#x1ce92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT ONE SIXTEENTH BLOCK|&#x1ce93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER MIDDLE LEFT ONE SIXTEENTH BLOCK|&#x1ce94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER MIDDLE CENTRE LEFT ONE SIXTEENTH BLOCK|&#x1ce95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER MIDDLE CENTRE RIGHT ONE SIXTEENTH BLOCK|&#x1ce96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER MIDDLE RIGHT ONE SIXTEENTH BLOCK|&#x1ce97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER MIDDLE LEFT ONE SIXTEENTH BLOCK|&#x1ce98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER MIDDLE CENTRE LEFT ONE SIXTEENTH BLOCK|&#x1ce99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER MIDDLE CENTRE RIGHT ONE SIXTEENTH BLOCK|&#x1ce9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER MIDDLE RIGHT ONE SIXTEENTH BLOCK|&#x1ce9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT ONE SIXTEENTH BLOCK|&#x1ce9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER CENTRE LEFT ONE SIXTEENTH BLOCK|&#x1ce9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER CENTRE RIGHT ONE SIXTEENTH BLOCK|&#x1ce9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT ONE SIXTEENTH BLOCK|&#x1ce9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CEAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF LOWER ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1cea0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT THREE QUARTERS LOWER ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1cea1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THREE QUARTERS LOWER ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1cea2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF LOWER ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1cea3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF LEFT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1cea4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER THREE QUARTERS LEFT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1cea5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER THREE QUARTERS LEFT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1cea6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF LEFT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1cea7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF UPPER ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1cea8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THREE QUARTERS UPPER ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1cea9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT THREE QUARTERS UPPER ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1ceaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF UPPER ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1ceab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF RIGHT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1ceac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER THREE QUARTERS RIGHT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1cead;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER THREE QUARTERS RIGHT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1ceae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF RIGHT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x1ceaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CEBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL ZIGZAG LINE|&#x1ceb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KEYHOLE|&#x1ceb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSONAL COMPUTER WITH MONITOR IN PORTRAIT ORIENTATION|&#x1ceb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT TRIANGLE CARET|&#x1ceb3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FRAGILE SYMBOL|&#x1ceba;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OFFICE BUILDING SYMBOL|&#x1cebb;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TREE SYMBOL|&#x1cebc;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|APPLE SYMBOL|&#x1cebd;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHERRY SYMBOL|&#x1cebe;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STRAWBERRY SYMBOL|&#x1cebf;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CECx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBE|&#x1cec0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IRIS|&#x1cec1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLORA|&#x1cec2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METIS|&#x1cec3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARTHENOPE|&#x1cec4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VICTORIA|&#x1cec5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EGERIA|&#x1cec6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IRENE|&#x1cec7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EUNOMIA|&#x1cec8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSYCHE|&#x1cec9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THETIS|&#x1ceca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MELPOMENE|&#x1cecb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FORTUNA|&#x1cecc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTRONOMICAL SYMBOL FOR ASTEROID PROSERPINA|&#x1cecd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BELLONA|&#x1cece;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AMPHITRITE|&#x1cecf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CEDx |style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEUKOTHEA|&#x1ced0;}}||&nbsp;||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR OIL INVERTED|&#x1ced2;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR MOON-JUPITER|&#x1ced3;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALCHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR SALT OF TARTAR|&#x1ced4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SQUARE ROOT|&#x1cedd;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE SQUARE ROOT|&#x1cede;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRUPLE SQUARE ROOT|&#x1cedf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CEEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMANTIC FIGURE POPULUS|&#x1cee0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMANTIC FIGURE TRISTITIA|&#x1cee1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMANTIC FIGURE ALBUS|&#x1cee2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMANTIC FIGURE FORTUNA MAJOR|&#x1cee3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMANTIC FIGURE RUBEUS|&#x1cee4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMANTIC FIGURE ACQUISITIO|&#x1cee5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMANTIC FIGURE CONJUNCTIO|&#x1cee6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMANTIC FIGURE CAPUT DRACONIS|&#x1cee7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMANTIC FIGURE LAETITIA|&#x1cee8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMANTIC FIGURE CARCER|&#x1cee9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMANTIC FIGURE AMISSIO|&#x1ceea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMANTIC FIGURE PUELLA|&#x1ceeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMANTIC FIGURE FORTUNA MINOR|&#x1ceec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMANTIC FIGURE PUER|&#x1ceed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMANTIC FIGURE CAUDA DRACONIS|&#x1ceee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMANTIC FIGURE VIA|&#x1ceef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CEFx |style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM SMALL WHITE CIRCLE WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|&#x1cef0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN DIVISION SIGN|&#x1cef1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN MULTIPLICATION SIGN|&#x1cef2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN MULTIPLICATION-DIVISION SIGN|&#x1cef3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN FRACTION REDUCTION SIGN-1|&#x1cef4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEIBNIZIAN FRACTION REDUCTION SIGN-2|&#x1cef5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SECTOR WITH CHORD|&#x1cef6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SECTOR WITH DOUBLE ARC|&#x1cef7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SECTOR WITH CHORD AND DOTTED ARC|&#x1cef8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH DOUBLE ARC|&#x1cef9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH CONCAVE ARC|&#x1cefa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH DOUBLE CONCAVE ARC|&#x1cefb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE OPENING UP|&#x1cefc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPERBOLA|&#x1cefd;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Znamenny Musical Notation''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CF0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK GORAZDO NIZKO S KRYZHEM ON LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1cf00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK NIZKO S KRYZHEM ON LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1cf01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK TSATA ON LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1cf02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK GORAZDO NIZKO ON LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1cf03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK NIZKO ON LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1cf04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK SREDNE ON LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1cf05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK MALO POVYSHE ON LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1cf06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK POVYSHE ON LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1cf07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK VYSOKO ON LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1cf08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK MALO POVYSHE S KHOKHLOM ON LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1cf09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK POVYSHE S KHOKHLOM ON LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1cf0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK VYSOKO S KHOKHLOM ON LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1cf0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK GORAZDO NIZKO S KRYZHEM ON RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x1cf0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK NIZKO S KRYZHEM ON RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x1cf0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK TSATA ON RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x1cf0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK GORAZDO NIZKO ON RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x1cf0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CF1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK NIZKO ON RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x1cf10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK SREDNE ON RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x1cf11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK NIZKO ON RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x1cf12;}} ||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK POVYSHE ON RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x1cf13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK NIZKO ON RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x1cf14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK VYSOKO ON RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x1cf15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK MALO POVYSHE S KHOKHLOM ON RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x1cf16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK VYSOKO S KHOKHLOM ON RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x1cf17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK TSATA S KRYZHEM|&nbsp;&#x1cf18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK MALO POVYSHE S KRYZHEM|&nbsp;&#x1cf19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK STRANNO MALO POVYSHE|&nbsp;&#x1cf1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK POVYSHE S KRYZHEM|&nbsp;&#x1cf1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK POVYSHE STRANNO|&nbsp;&#x1cf1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK VYSOKO S KRYZHEM|&nbsp;&#x1cf1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK MALO POVYSHE STRANNO|&nbsp;&#x1cf1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK GORAZDO VYSOKO|&nbsp;&#x1cf1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CF2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK ZELO|&nbsp;&#x1cf20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK ON|&nbsp;&#x1cf21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK RAVNO|&nbsp;&#x1cf22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK TIKHAYA|&nbsp;&#x1cf23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK BORZAYA|&nbsp;&#x1cf24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK UDARKA|&nbsp;&#x1cf25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY COMBINING MARK 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color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY PRIZNAK MODIFIER ROG|&nbsp;&#x1cf46;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1CF5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY NEUME KRYUK|&#x1cf50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY NEUME KRYUK TIKHY|&#x1cf51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY NEUME PARAKLIT|&#x1cf52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY NEUME DVA V CHELNU|&#x1cf53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY NEUME KLYUCH|&#x1cf54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY NEUME ZANOZHEK|&#x1cf55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY NEUME STOPITSA|&#x1cf56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY NEUME STOPITSA S OCHKOM|&#x1cf57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY NEUME PEREVODKA|&#x1cf58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY NEUME PEREVODKA NEPOSTOYANNAYA|&#x1cf59;}}&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY NEUME STOPITSA WITH SOROCHYA NOZHKA|&#x1cf5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZNAMENNY 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reference}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Jurchen (ctd.)''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1900x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19000|&#x19000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19001|&#x19001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19002|&#x19002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19003|&#x19003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19004|&#x19004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19005|&#x19005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN 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IDEOGRAPH-190EA|&#x190ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190EB|&#x190eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190EC|&#x190ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190ED|&#x190ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190EE|&#x190ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190EF|&#x190ef;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|190Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F0|&#x190f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F1|&#x190f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F2|&#x190f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F3|&#x190f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F4|&#x190f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F5|&#x190f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F6|&#x190f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F7|&#x190f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F8|&#x190f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F9|&#x190f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190FA|&#x190fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190FB|&#x190fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190FC|&#x190fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190FD|&#x190fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190FE|&#x190fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190FF|&#x190ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1910x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19100|&#x19100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19101|&#x19101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19102|&#x19102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19103|&#x19103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19104|&#x19104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19105|&#x19105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19106|&#x19106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19107|&#x19107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19108|&#x19108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19109|&#x19109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1910A|&#x1910a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1910B|&#x1910b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1910C|&#x1910c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1910D|&#x1910d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1910E|&#x1910e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1910F|&#x1910f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1911x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19110|&#x19110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19111|&#x19111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19112|&#x19112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19113|&#x19113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19114|&#x19114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19115|&#x19115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19116|&#x19116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19117|&#x19117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19118|&#x19118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19119|&#x19119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1911A|&#x1911a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1911B|&#x1911b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1911C|&#x1911c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1911D|&#x1911d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1911E|&#x1911e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1911F|&#x1911f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1912x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19120|&#x19120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19121|&#x19121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19122|&#x19122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19123|&#x19123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19124|&#x19124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19125|&#x19125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19126|&#x19126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19127|&#x19127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19128|&#x19128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19129|&#x19129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1912A|&#x1912a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1912B|&#x1912b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1912C|&#x1912c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1912D|&#x1912d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1912E|&#x1912e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1912F|&#x1912f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1913x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19130|&#x19130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19131|&#x19131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19132|&#x19132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19133|&#x19133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19134|&#x19134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19135|&#x19135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19136|&#x19136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19137|&#x19137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19138|&#x19138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19139|&#x19139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1913A|&#x1913a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1913B|&#x1913b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1913C|&#x1913c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1913D|&#x1913d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1913E|&#x1913e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1913F|&#x1913f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1914x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19140|&#x19140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19141|&#x19141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19142|&#x19142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19143|&#x19143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19144|&#x19144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19145|&#x19145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19146|&#x19146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19147|&#x19147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19148|&#x19148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19149|&#x19149;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914A|&#x1914a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914B|&#x1914b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914C|&#x1914c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914D|&#x1914d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914E|&#x1914e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914F|&#x1914f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1915x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19150|&#x19150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19151|&#x19151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19152|&#x19152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19153|&#x19153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19154|&#x19154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19155|&#x19155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19156|&#x19156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19157|&#x19157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19158|&#x19158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19159|&#x19159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915A|&#x1915a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915B|&#x1915b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915C|&#x1915c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915D|&#x1915d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915E|&#x1915e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915F|&#x1915f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1916x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN 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style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};text-align:center" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1919x |style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19190|&#x19190;}}||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19191|&#x19191;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Jurchen Radicals''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text 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|&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|191Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Khitan Large Script''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1920x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text 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style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1925x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1926x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1927x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1928x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1929x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|192Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|192Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" 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style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1930x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1931x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1932x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text 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default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1937x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1938x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1939x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1940x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1941x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1942x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1943x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1944x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1945x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1946x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1947x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1948x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1949x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1950x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1951x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1952x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1953x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1954x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1955x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1956x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1957x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1958x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1959x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1960x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1961x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1962x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1963x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1964x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1965x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1966x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1967x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1968x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1969x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1970x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1971x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1972x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1973x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1974x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1975x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1976x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1977x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1978x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1979x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1980x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1981x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1982x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1983x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1984x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1985x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1986x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1987x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1988x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1989x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1990x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1991x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1992x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1993x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1994x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1995x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1996x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1997x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1998x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1999x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19AAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19ABx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19ACx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19ADx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19AEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19AFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Pau Cin Hau Syllabary''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19EAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19EBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19ECx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19EDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19EEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19EFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} 0yyhoscexa33xtl647ckw35rk20ka7b 3 442343 4680727 4680640 2026-11-07T19:07:06Z Moby-Dick4000 198746 4680727 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |Talk Page Archives |- |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2022|2022]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2023|2023]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2024|2024]] |} == That IP range calculator == Following [[phab:T381138|T381138]], I have now become the maintainer of the IP range calculator you like. You can find it [[toolforge:ftools/general/ip-range-calc.html|here]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:10, 9 January 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for the heads-up! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == A merge and unmerge from two years ago == I was browsing through the history merge log when I saw that you merged [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] into [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]], and then promptly reverted it. What happened here exactly? Could I correct it? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:55, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :Good question! I can't remember what I was trying to do, but it looks like I didn't succeed at what I wanted based on the log comment. You're just trying to history merge to get [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]] to have continuity of history? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:35, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::I think I figured out your mistake: it outright moved the revisions from the first page to the second, rather than copying them. This would have caused the other two [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] pages to have incomplete histories. I think the only solution would be to XML import the pre-April 2023 revisions from the first page to the other three, and I'm not sure if that's the best idea, and I am technically unable to do so. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 16:49, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == Undeletion request == I wouldn't be surprised if you expected this, but I'd like to ask you to undelete the subpages of [[Rotorcraft Fundamentals]] you just deleted with the summary "Use of copyrighted work without permission. Please read Terms of Use: page needs to be imported for attribution", so that I can do that. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 19:54, 14 January 2025 (UTC) :Done! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:57, 14 January 2025 (UTC) ::Upon further investigation, this might actually be a rare case where an [[WB:UT|unmerged transwiki]] is ''preferred'' (this is part of why I stopped calling them "bad transwikis"), since only a small portion of the Wikipedia article (with over 2,000 revisions) was copied over. Importation is generally only needed if the ''majority'' of the page is copied across wikis. I'll just leave a null edit providing attribution and add {{tlx|Copied}}. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 21:19, 14 January 2025 (UTC) == Reusing [[Cookbook:8 Desserts in 1 Pan]] on wikiHow == Hi, I am a user on wikiHow, see [[wikihow:User:Xeverything11]]. I would like to create a new recipe on wikiHow. I wanted to let us know if I can give permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe from Wikibooks to wikiHow. I (as a copyright holder) created this recipe on Wikibooks, but you contributed to this recipe. If not, I'll use the revision before you contributed since I was the only author. Wikibooks uses CC-BY-SA 4.0 while wikiHow uses CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0, which both licenses are incompatible due to ShareAlike conditions. Thanks [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 08:27, 15 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] I'm personally fine with this as long as proper attribution is given back to the original recipe page here. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:52, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::I adapted this [[wikihow:Make-8-Desserts-in-1-Pan|recipe]] on wikiHow with attribution, and got a Rising Star (an achievement used for best new articles on wikiHow). Thank you! [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 19:49, 24 January 2025 (UTC) == Wikibooks community == Hi, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am trying to contribute more to English Wikibooks. My main contributions will focus on the Cookbook, especially on Indonesian recipes. Do you have a community group where we can discuss and share ideas together? I am looking forward to join. Thank you! [[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 08:47, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] Sorry I missed this, and welcome! Are you asking about a Cookbook-specific area for discussion? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:39, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Yes. Do you know place for this? ::Thank you ::[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 09:41, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :::Honestly, there's not a centralized Cookbook-specific discussion space, especially since there aren't currently a ton of active contributors. Some people ask questions at [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. I'm currently the most consistently active and involved Cookbook editor, so feel free to ask me questions! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 22 January 2025 (UTC) == Congratulations! == [[File:Admin T-shirt.svg|thumb|You get this now.]] You are now a permanent administrator. Welcome to the team (I am entitled to say this because I technically got the extension a few hours before you did)!{{FBDB}} [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 10:33, 29 January 2025 (UTC) :Thanks :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:29, 29 January 2025 (UTC) == Is there a way to contact a Steward on WikiBooks? == Hi {{PAGENAME}}, Is there a way to contact a Steward on WB? I tried to find who the active Stewards are here at [[Special:ActiveUsers?username=&groups%5B%5D=steward&wpFormIdentifier=specialactiveusers]] but nothing shows up. The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the [[Wikimania-wiki]], but I just visited the [[wikimania 2014 wiki]] and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the [[Wikimania 2014 main-page talk]] but disovered that the Stewards have protected it. Is there a way wikibookians can communicate with Stewards at WB? Thanks in advance for answering this non-urgent question, and apologies for all the red-links which I can bluify if needed. Cheers [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:37, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] You can ask this on somewhere like [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:01, 7 February 2025 (UTC) <s>:@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] seconding what Leaderboard said—we no longer have any active stewards at enWB.</s> Had a brain fade there and mixed up stewards with bureaucrats. Yes, meta is the place for this. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::@Kittycataclysm,@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], or anyone else: ::Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb. I myself am indef-blocked at META so could not participate at [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]] even if I waned to. ::Since [[Wikimania]] is a topic of interest to all members of the [[wikimedia movement]] why can't wikibookians talk to thier elected representatives here? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:56, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] I can check with the blocking admin to see if they'd be willing to unblock you, if you'd like. The reason things like these are done at Meta is that Meta is a cross-project coordination platform - stewards ''cannot'' be expected to watch every project after all. Now you could message any steward here on Wikibooks if you really wanted to, but that is not normally a good idea. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 02:26, 8 February 2025 (UTC) ::::Wikimania is the annual conference celebrating all the free knowledge projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). It is a wikimedia initiative which is meant to help all of our projects (including wikibooks), gain more readership, educate more wiki-editors, foster better communications, and much more. The wmf has been hosting a Wikimania-wiki dedicated to each Wikimania annual event since 2004. These wikis contain a wealth of information, but can benefit from wiki-improvements, starting from spelling and grammar errors that detract from their to appeal to the general membership. It would be nice if Stewards paid more attention to it. ::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], I truly appreciate your offer, but I posted this here not in order to get someone to advocate for one unblocking at META. As I said earlier: ::::* "Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb" ::::* "The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the Wikimania-wiki, but I just visited the wikimania 2014 wiki and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the Wikimania 2014 main-page talk but disovered that the Stewards have protected it" ::::I would much rather see more wikimedia members question blocking in general at META. One cannot run such large movement of people from different backgrounds and nationalities simply by silencing minorities IMIO. [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:12, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Crystal ball]] == That page appears to be a mixture of isolated paragraphs from [[w:Crystal ball|Crystal ball]], hence my tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 03:04, 9 February 2025 (UTC) :Yep, that seems correct! I also queried it simply because it does not seem suitable for inclusion at all. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:09, 9 February 2025 (UTC) == Question about an edit suggestion == Hi Kittycataclysm, Thanks for the great work you do as an admin! I wanted to clarify a suggestion you made on a recently published page I’m working on. You recommended splitting it into smaller sections—would you suggest creating separate pages for these sections, or would a higher-level header for some topics be sufficient? Any specific recommendations you have would be greatly appreciated! Here’s the link to the page I’m referring to: [[Funding and Finance of Transportation Projects in the United States of America]] Thank you! [[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]] ([[User talk:Svrmustafa|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Svrmustafa|contribs]]) 18:19, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]], and thanks for asking! Splitting refers to creating new pages, each with a smaller amount of content. The main page should then contain a table of contents, and each page can contain a navigation template for easier navigation. I'll create the table of contents based on the current work and move some content to one of those pages as an example for you; then, you can do the rest. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:26, 19 February 2025 (UTC) ::Following up on this—I noticed that you use the term "paper". However, technically Wikibooks hosts books not papers, so you should probably change this wording. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:38, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Talkback == {{Talkback|Cookbook talk:Chilli Crab|Recipe Questions}} [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 09:54, 19 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] I also made [[Cookbook:Prata|this]] [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:15, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Hello == Can you look at my latest recipe? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 00:10, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :I saw it! It needs a few corrections, which I'll note. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:23, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] How do you write recipe summary, correct headers [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 06:04, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :::Please see [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template]]. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:08, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::::ok [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 02:33, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook == Hi there, Kittycataclysm. I wandered over here from Wikipedia, and I'm quite enamoured with this cookbook. I noticed you seem to be the one maintaining it, and I thought I'd reach out. Can I really just start cranking out recipes from public domain cookbooks and my family recipes? It's that simple? I was also wondering about the featured recipes section. There's not very many in there, and I imagine there's not very many folks around to do reviews compared to GAR on Wikipedia. How do you handle content review? Thanks. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:51, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] and welcome! For some context, the Cookbook has been around since the very beginning of Wikibooks, but it had gotten into a bit of disarray over the course of about two decades by the time I found it. I started the long process of overhauling, standardizing, and expanding it just over four years ago—I finished standardizing the recipe formatting and quality a while back and am currently working my way through the ingredient pages before moving on to equipment, techniques, and cuisines. You can absolutely add any public domain recipes as well as your own recipes—they just need to conform to the [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template|recipe template]] and [[Cookbook:Policy|Cookbook policy overall]]. It's even better if you've made the recipe and can contribute a nice picture and specific guidance/instructions/notes! Please feel free to ask me any questions. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::Oh, and regarding the featured recipes section, I actually haven't gotten around to looking into that yet—there's been a lot to do! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:28, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::That's great, thanks a lot for your response. This is just delightful. Maybe content review is something that we could collaborate on. There's a lot of recipes in here and it would be nice to know which ones are the best. Question for you, [[:Category:Brown sauces]] is really bothering me. How can I move that to Brown sauce recipes? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:29, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::Good catch on that category! It seems like it was created two decades ago and never got corrected—feel free to recategorize those recipes. Thank you also for introducing the hideprefix parameter to the category trees—I didn't realize that was an option, and it reduces the visual clutter! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::My pleasure! As I continue to look at the categories, this is actually worse than I thought. We have both [[:Category:Sauce recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes for condiments]] and I suspect that's just the beginning. I want to go through and categorize everything properly, but the bones aren't even there... How long do I have to be here before it'll let me create and move around categories? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:40, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Regarding the categories, the category overhauling is in progress, since I address the category when I overhaul the associated page. The variation in titling is actually somewhat deliberate—I started changing it from "____ recipes" in certain cases to solve a particular categorization problem. Sometimes, there is an item that is used in recipes as an ingredient but for which there are also recipes. For example, [[:Category:Recipes for bread]] versus [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]. The different naming scheme is necessary to properly delineate the categories, and I'm working on implementing it a bit more consistently as I go. While you're still getting started, it would be great if you could check with me when something looks odd or out of place—that way I can take a look and weigh in on whether that's normal or not and maybe provide some context. Just off the top of my head, I think you will have to wait for autoreview status to make move changes. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::I see what you're saying, I've been trying to wrap my head around that. Maybe it would be beneficial to try to put together some sort of a Cookbook MOS regarding category structure? It's kind of all over the place right now. Using your bread example, would it perhaps make more sense to have [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]? There would be no ambiguity with just those two categories, but when you add the extra [[:Category:Recipes for bread]], that's when things start getting a little whacky. What do you think? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:05, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::Either that or get rid of [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and keep the other two. But one of these categories gotta go, I reckon. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:07, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I see you already had the same thought as me. I think all categories should include "for" or "using". Take for example, [[:Category:Recipes for pancakes]] as opposed to [[:Category:Pancake recipes]]. Well obviously there's no recipes using pancakes. But for something like [[:Category:Recipes for gravy]], there may also be a need for [[:Category:Recipes using gravy]]. The lack of consistency in this regard means the only way to achieve consistency across the categories is by changing them over to that format. Sorry for clogging up your talk page! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:18, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Same heads-up as below—migrating this over to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:10, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :Also, on [[Cookbook:Table of Contents]], could you please add a wikilink for [[Cookbook:Breakfast]], and maybe add cooknav to the top for seamless navigation between all the top level articles? Can't edit that article yet. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:47, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == More Table of Content Edits == Hello again. I've been going through everything and this is my list of suggestions for edits to the table of contents. Unfortunately there's not much else I can do for now, because without autoconfirmed my ability to change anything is very limited. I was going to ask for someone to check off the confirmed box for me at RfP but I can't post there either, so I guess I'll be back in four days. * Fix Bread wikilink * Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing * [[Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Low-Carb]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] to [[Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine]] for parity * Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting * Create [[:Category:Lunch recipes]], wikilink to ToC * Wikilink [[Cookbook:Dessert]] under Meals * Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category * Create [[Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine]] so I can add the recipes from [[:Category:East Asian recipes]] to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC * Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction" * Appendix and Equipment sections switch places Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:46, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :I took the liberty of doing it myself in my userspace. You can just copy it over from [[User:MediaKyle/sandbox]]. Figured I'd save you the trouble of trying to figure out what I'm talking about. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 14:15, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Circling back to this! It seems like your suggestions are getting at a couple different things. I'll try to go through them point-by-point below: :* {{xt|Fix Bread wikilink}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing}} see below comments on TOC. :* {{xt|Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for now because I don't fully understand the urgency and I want to triage/prioritize things for you, but please feel free to make this change yourself once you can! :* {{xt|Cookbook:Low-Carb points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for same reason as above. :* {{xt|Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean to Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine for parity}} {{not done}} for now just because we do have a lot of cuisine pages that follow the form "Cuisine of ____". It could be good to standardize, and I had been planning to do that once I got around to the cuisines. :* {{xt|Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting}} {{not done}} for same reason as other redirects :* {{xt|Create Category:Lunch recipes, wikilink to ToC}} Not quite sure what you mean here, and I didn't see what it corresponded to in your linked sandbox page :* {{xt|Wikilink Cookbook:Dessert under Meals}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category}} I'm not sure about this—brunch is in many places considered a separate entity, and I don't necessarily think it would cause confusion. But, overall it's hard to determine whether it should have its own page and TOC link because I haven't actually gotten around to evaluating the meal pages and what role they should play. See also the TOC notes below. :* {{xt|Create Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine so I can add the recipes from Category:East Asian recipes to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC}} {{done}} for now; however, I'm not sure yet whether it will ultimately make sense to keep that as a content page. I think content pages should be reasonably focused, and it may not be the best to have a cuisine page that is so broad. This is something I planned to consider once I made my way around the overhauling the cuisines. :* {{xt|Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction"}} The reason I made it "Introductory Matter" instead of "Introduction" is because there's already a chapter itself titled "Introduction"—it felt odd to have the entire section titled that as well. Happy to discuss other header options (e.g. "Front Matter", which is a generally accepted book term) :* {{xt|Appendix and Equipment sections switch places}} see below comments on TOC. :* '''Comments on the TOC:''' So, I think a fundamental issue with the current TOC is that it somewhat arbitrarily picks and chooses individual pages to link. It also sometimes direct-links to categories and sometimes to content pages, which I don't think we should do. Because the cookbook is so expansive, it's been established that manual indices intending to capture detail in large areas don't really make sense and quickly get bulky and out-of-date. This is why categorytree is such a useful tool! After thinking on it for a while and making some small tweaks, I think I'd ultimately like to overhaul the TOC and come to a solution that keeps a few broad headers/links to the small handful of the primary content pages while perhaps stashing away more detailed and self-updating lists in a collapsible way to reduce clutter but allow for customizable user navigation. Much to think about, and I'll probably workshop some things on the side to see how they feel. :Let me know if I've misunderstood anything! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:24, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for the notes! Here's my thoughts: ::* On the Cuisine titling, it actually seems like [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] and [[Cookbook:East Asian cuisines]] are the only ones that don't follow the naming scheme, i.e. "[[Cookbook:African Cuisine]]", and I think that shorter titles are preferable where it makes sense. ::* On your note about East Asian Cuisine, I actually had the same thought after going through the cuisine pages. Having three separate pages for different kinds of Asian cuisine does seem a little silly, doesn't it? Do you think it might be better to combine all of them under one "Asian Cuisine", but put the different locales under separate headers? ::* On Brunch - I honestly think there's way too much ambiguity around what exactly constitutes as "brunch" to keep that in. I feel as though the term brunch more applies to the time you're eating, rather than the kind of food. I think it would be easier to keep meals that include commonly accepted breakfast foods in the Breakfast category, and things that don't fit neatly into that, into the Lunch category. This would prevent any dilemmas in the future where we can't decide whether something is breakfast or brunch. ::* You're right that it looks a little awkward to have the header as Introduction when there's a page called introduction. I still think that to say "Introductory Matter", or "Front Matter" as you mentioned, is a little long-winded and reflects a more academic tone than needed for a cookbook. Upon further reflection, I think maybe rather than worrying about the header at this point, we should perhaps think about trying to compile all of those short introductory type pages into one comprehensive introductory page. Then we likely won't even need a header for it on the ToC. ::* The ToC is definitely a bit cluttered, and it bothers me too that there's a real lack of consistency across whether the wikilinks lead to a page or a category. I'm not sure how I would feel about cutting away too much of the navigation from it, though, because just about every page on there does have a reason to be there, it's just that they're not presented very nicely. Some of it can certainly get nested or combined though. I'll play around with it over the next few days in my sandbox as well and let you know if I come up with anything. ::* As an aside, the first thing on my to-do list once my autoconfirmed comes through is to start subcategorizing all of the recipes so that they're all nicely sorted in the category trees. When you have a chance, I'd love to hear your thoughts on what we should use as the standard naming for categories. Once we determine this, I think we can also take the liberty of updating the cookbook MoS to reflect it. ::Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:33, 3 March 2025 (UTC) :::Note: After writing this, I realized what you were getting at about slashing away some of the subpages. Maybe we can come up with a system where all of those subpages are under their main subpage rather than on the ToC. For example, all the Cuisines are under [[Cookbook:Cuisines]], all techniques under [[Cookbook:Cooking Techniques]], to keep the subpages off the main ToC. Also, I wonder if maybe we should try to make a centralized discussion for this somewhere, in case anyone else wants to join in at some point? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:45, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::Heads-up: to make it easier to keep track of these and since I think they deserve their own discussions, I'm going to gradually migrate them over individually to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:52, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Good idea. Can you remove the semi-protection from that talk page? I see no reason why it should be protected. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:23, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook ToC == Hi [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]. I was just wondering why you didn't respond to my above message, and started a separate sandbox for the ToC instead? It seems as though you don't really want to collaborate. It would be nice if we could work on this together. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 22:43, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] thanks for the ping! I'm sorry you feel like I don't want to collaborate—the opposite is true, and please understand that this is good-faith editing. The reason I haven't responded to the above points is mostly since you've been modifying a bunch of content and adding suggestions lately, and I've been working my way through these while continuing with my routine contributions and real life as well—things happen a little more slowly here than on other projects, and I'm the one person dedicated to the cookbook right now. The reason I created that sandbox was because I saw [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#Modernize the shelves|your comment]] at the reading room and wanted to play around and think about your suggestion without touching the actual TOC. You're right that it's not the best, and it's been something I've been thinking about for a bit now. Please understand also that it can be overwhelming when a new editor unfamiliar with the Cookbook begins making a high volume of edits and suggestions without having much experience with it or its history—this isn't to say that you don't have good ideas or things worth contributing. In fact, you have already made a few helpful changes, as I've mentioned. I just want to do this properly and take the time to evaluate your suggestions together with the current efforts that are underway, and that can take a bit. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:03, 2 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for getting back to me. While I may be new to Wikibooks, I'm certainly not new to MediaWiki, and I've been working with small wiki projects for a number of years. Perhaps it's been a misunderstanding to some degree, but I've found my reception here to be unusually unwelcoming. The way to do this properly, as you said, would be to have discussions and form consensus. Yesterday, when you reached out to me about adding hideroot to the pages, I gave you my rationale and was more than happy to have a discussion about it, but you did not reply. I noticed a similar situation happened with [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_talk:Ottawahitech#Category_sorting Ottawahitech], regarding category sorting. I'm aware that you're the main person looking after the cookbook right now, which is why I reached out to you right from the get go. ::I understand why you would want to create your own sandbox to play around with options for the ToC, but I'm sure you can understand why it would draw my attention that you would do this without implementing any of the wikilink fixes I mentioned, or making an attempt to discuss it further. This came across to me as not wanting my help. ::I invite you to check out my page on Wikipedia. I've made contributions across quite a wide area of topics there, as well as the other Wikimedia projects, and this is the first time I've encountered any sort of resistance to my contributions. I think Wikibooks has enormous potential, and I'm very excited to contribute to helping it grow. On most projects, this would be something to be encouraged. I don't feel like "I'm sorry that you feel that way" was really an appropriate response. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:59, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :::I think you're right that this has been a mix of misunderstanding and miscommunication, and I think I can understand how things came across as unwelcoming! For whatever it's worth, I absolutely plan on circling back to the various discussions at hand (I have all the relevant pages open to return to), but it seems like the order I did things made it seem like I was ignoring you (if I'm understanding correctly). I am pretty busy, so sometimes items on my to-do list do get lost/shunted or it takes me a bit to get around to something—please don't hesitate to give me a ping if it seems like I'm taking a while to get back to something. Looking forward to more collaboration! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:49, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::I'm glad you can understand where I'm coming from. To clarify, my intent is not to try to rush you, or to try to push you to make changes that you don't agree with. It's really easy to misinterpret things over the Internet, and I think a short message can go a long way. I apologize if I've caused you any undue stress by coming into the cookbook and unleashing a flurry of alterations, but do rest assured that I'm not married to any of my changes, I'm always open for discussion, and I want to see the cookbook improve just like you do. The great thing about wikis is that no change is permanent. I think we'll have it in tip-top shape in no time! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:19, 3 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Polish Doughnuts (Paczki)]] == Do you see any reason not to just add this to Featured Recipes? At least we know this one works, and it seems like this is now one of the few recipes to have a picture that actually aligns with the recipe used. I was thinking later on we'll come up with a content review system where a couple editors will actually try the recipes nominated for FR, but in the absence of that I'd just add it to the list. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 12:25, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :I'm fine with adding it to the featured recipes. You're right that we'll want to come up with a good system for this going forward, though it's lower down on my personal priority list at moment. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Cream Cheese American Buttercream]] == Hi! I am a wikiHow user and I am planning to adapt this recipe to wikiHow. Since you contributed to this recipe, I wanted to know if I can get permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe. Thanks. [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 21:41, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] that's fine with me as long as proper attribution and linking back to the original recipe page here are included at the top. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:28, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[A Companion to Our Literary Journey]] == Hi! I feel that we have started to outline the scope in a clearer and more precise way and that’s the work we are going to do with the students this and for the next years, adding more sections and content. Do you think that would be enough? [[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]] ([[User talk:Ferdi2005|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ferdi2005|contribs]]) 22:43, 6 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]]! Yes, this seems to be reasonably outlined. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:51, 7 March 2025 (UTC) == Exercising care with copyright == When deleting a page as a copyright violation, it is important that you '''do not quote any content from the deleted page'''. If you do, then your log entry is itself a copyright violation. I have redacted a recent deletion that you performed because of this. If you want to make sure that none of your past deletions have been problematic for this reason, you can [[quarry:query/90444|run this SQL query]] to get a list of every deletion that could be eligible for redaction. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 18:32, 21 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] and thank you for the message. In the most recent instance that I think you're referencing, I do not see any material in the edit summary that posed a significant risk—I don't believe the few listed words would be a copyright concern. However, I do understand your concern! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:31, 21 March 2025 (UTC) == Splitting Pages == Hi I have recently made the book on the [[History of the Nawabs of Bengal]] and you gave a notice on how you believe it should be split into smaller bits. As I am still new to wikibooks I don't know how to do this. Can you please assist me on renaming the page so I can split the page into multiple pages? @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 19:47, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]]: You did it. I've removed the tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 22:44, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :Like @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] said, you're all set! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 29 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks! @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 10:24, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == Minecraft book == Is it good creating pages like this, [[Minecraft#Husk]]? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 12:43, 9 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] what do you mean? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:18, 10 May 2025 (UTC) ::are we allowed to create pages like that? like for every mob [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:02, 11 May 2025 (UTC) :::To be honest, I don't think the structure and formatting of the book is very good. Several of the mob pages, for example, have very little information and aren't particularly helpful on their own. If I were working on it, I would restructure the book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:09, 11 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I am planning to do that. [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 04:19, 12 May 2025 (UTC) == Request to Review Adjusted User Page (XoriantTeam) == Hello [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I hope you're well. I noticed that my user page ([[User:XoriantTeam]]) was recently deleted for appearing promotional or inappropriate for Wikibooks. Thank you for keeping the community standards in check. I’ve since revised the content with closer attention to neutrality and compliance with Wikibooks guidelines. My intent is to participate constructively, especially in areas related to digital engineering and educational content creation. If possible, I’d appreciate your help reviewing the revised version. I'm happy to share it or upload it as a file if there’s a preferred method. Please let me know how best to proceed. I welcome any suggestions and will gladly make further adjustments. Best regards, XoriantTeam [[User:XoriantTeam|XoriantTeam]] ([[User talk:XoriantTeam|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/XoriantTeam|contribs]]) 11:02, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :Hi there—you can publish an updated user page, but I'd caution you against talking about your company. Keep it limited to your involvement with Wikibooks. You may contribute productively here, but further promotional materials are grounds for an indefinite block. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:30, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == Planning to use AWB to update categories on the cookbook == Hello. I noticed in recent changes that you were moving some categories using HotCat (e.g. moving Category:Chile recipes to Category:Recipes using chile), which can be time-consuming. Therefore, I plan to help you with moving the cookbook categories by adding myself to enabledusers and enabledbots in [[Wikibooks:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON]]. Would this be fine if I assist you and to add myself to the check page? I am familiar with using AWB after testing on a non-Wikimedia project. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:42, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—thank you for the tip! I just installed JWB, so this should make my mass cat changes much faster. Thanks again! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:11, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for the information. Also, is it okay if I change (for example) [[:Category:Vinegar recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes using vinegar]] (I can redirect the former category to the latter), given that we should move {{tq|Category:[ingredient] recipes}} to {{tq|Category:Recipes using [ingredient]}} for consistency? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:57, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :::Sure thing—go ahead! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:53, 8 June 2025 (UTC) == Tool for even faster category changes == See [[:c:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot#As_your_user_gadget]]. I just [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:Koavf/common.js&action=history installed it] and used it dozens of times in a click. Let me know if you need any help. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:36, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] Thanks! I'm having a little trouble activating it, but I'll keep trying. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:54, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::A lot of times, a purge will do the trick. See [[:mw:Purge]]. Usually just <kbd>Ctrl+Shift+R</kbd> once or twice. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:55, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :::Took several purges, but we're set now! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:16, 19 June 2025 (UTC) == Advice on when I should run for adminship == Hi, I hope you are doing well. I am asking for some advice on when I should run for enwikibooks adminship, given the following below: Currently, I am doing some optimizations for dark mode on this project, and some of the message box/MediaWiki interface/template pages might be outdated, fully protected, or can use a little help using mw-parser-output. These unfortunately might hinder the process of updating these pages/templates for Vector 2022's dark mode.<br> Additionally, I have a solid expertise with edit filters, as I have requested some administrators to update deprecated filter variables, switching filters from warn and disallow to disallow only, and I can also monitor the filter log for potential false positives (from local or global filters). A fellow English Wikibooks administrator also said to me that they are willing to support me in a few months when I run for adminship, as I am generally trusted. I hold two advanced global permissions, and I hold an edit filter helper permission on the English Wikipedia, to be sure. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:02, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—good question! I agree that you are a trusted user, and I think it would be reasonable for you to run for adminship, especially given our need to fix up technical aspects of the project. If you don't plan to commit to Wikibooks long-term (i.e. you have some projects you'd like to take a few months to complete and then be done), you can always request temporary adminship. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:30, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for your feedback, but I also plan to monitor for vandalism/spam, and to commit to reduce the administrative assistance reading room backlog, should I be elected for adminship (and I forgot to mention those). Anyway, regarding your feedback, I might run by August or even July, given that I've lately started contributing more often to Wikibooks. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) ::: [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I am pinging you one more time to see if you have read my response above yours. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:34, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]! I'm not sure what you mean—was there an additional question you had? Everything you've outlined seems quite reasonable. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:26, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::: Apologies for the confusion, I don't have any questions to ask. I was clarifying that I can help with implementing edit requests and to block obvious vandals and spammers, aside from the skills I mentioned earlier. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:32, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == how is it you feel able to interfere in my sandbox? == you deleted a page in my sandbox that was my way of providing my response to a request from an OpenSCAD dev team leader for a couple of text blurbs for use on a web page of the OpenSCAD site. now that you have deleted my page i have to recreate the texts from a screenshot to be able to offer the suggestions, which i will This kind of high handed treatment is what keeps me from being a wiki-anything contributor .. If it is Wiki policy to interfere in the documentation of an open source project because it is hosted on Wikibooks then i will take up the task of moving our online docs to a site where you cannot interfere. -- [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 21:56, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]]—thanks for bringing this to my attention. I now understand that this was intended to be in your user namespace—I've undeleted it and moved it to the correct namespace for you. Let me know if anything else comes up! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::ah .. err .. umm .. well that is a gentle answer to my ire. Thanks for being so gracious [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::and .. isn't my sandbox in my namespace by default? [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:30, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::No worries—it looks like you didn't add the prefix "User:" before writing out the full page titles, so the pages you created were technically in the project's Main space with the official published materials. Going forward, you can just double-check that the page title starts with "'''User:'''VulcanWikiEdit/sandbox", and that should keep everything in the right place! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::BTW .. i love the play on cat lover name [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 15:35, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :::::Thank you! That's very kind. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:46, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Regarding the user Codename Tameirao == Could this be Matthew again (the Unicode LTA)? I believe it might be him based on his usage of edit summaries, and his usual edits to [[Unicode/Versions]]. I just blocked his recent account, and then I protected and stabilized that Unicode book. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 23:51, 12 August 2025 (UTC) :I suspect you're right! That seems like a reasonable course of action. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:56, 13 August 2025 (UTC) :: I recently encountered another possible LTA, see [[Special:Contributions/~2025-55706-6]] (as well as [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]]). I can email you more details if you want. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 16:30, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::I think this is the same LTA, yes! I've protected [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]], but I think it would be a good idea if we could automate this monitoring somewhat using the edit filter. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:07, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::: I don't think that was Matthew, as he typically uses edit summaries. The deleted page was not protected, as it was protected before you deleted it; I salted it from creation for one year. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 20:22, 9 September 2025 (UTC) ::::: You might want to look at [[Special:Contributions/Freddy Fazbearing Others]]. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:18, 26 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::Thank you! I went ahead and blocked them. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:54, 28 October 2025 (UTC) == IP block exempt == Hi Kitty, I currently have IP block exemption on enwiki, Commons and Wikidata as I use VPNs connected to my internet security software. Can you please grant me the right on wikibooks. I have a strong password and use two factor authentication. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 10:51, 22 August 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TarnishedPath|TarnishedPath]]! This doesn't sound unreasonable to me, but I think it would be good if you requested at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]] so we can have a discussion—I have not granted this right before. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::Kitty, thanks for pointing me in the right direction. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 03:25, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::See [[Wikibooks:Requests_for_permissions#TarnishedPath_(discuss_·_contribs_·_count_·_logs_·_block_log_·_rfp_·_rights)_(IP_Block_Exemption)]] ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 03:35, 23 August 2025 (UTC) == You've got mail! == {{You've got mail|sig=<span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 00:20, 6 September 2025 (UTC)}} :Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:06, 6 September 2025 (UTC) == Are you able to import? == I made a few requests over at https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_import . [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 22:32, 4 October 2025 (UTC) : [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]], I'll go ahead and start the imports. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:29, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you for your help [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:51, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::: My apologies for not doing this sooner, because some database error appears when I am trying to mass import. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:39, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::::I also tried to make this import earlier and ran into issues with the software. I was hoping it was a temporary bug, but it seems to be persisting. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:01, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::This seems like I should get involved. {{working}}... [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 13:11, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::: I believe there are five pages that have massive page histories they fail to import here. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::::I backed up the XMLs of them locally but im unsure how much that'd do. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:18, 6 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Just became an importer. The reason is prob understandable but I cannot upload the XML file to here locally. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 17:23, 10 October 2025 (UTC) == About the category parameter in the recipe summary template == When it uses a "recipe by type" category, should it use a "[type/food] recipes" name or "Recipes for [type/food]"? I recently operated JWB to change from [[:Category:Dessert recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes for dessert]] in multiple Cookbook recipes, and from what I've said before, I've changed to ''Recipes for dessert'' in the category parameter of Cookbook recipes. Hope you don't mind that this was over more than 250 changes (not counting the recent category changes after moving some recipe categories). Thanks. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:07, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—those JWB changes you made seem fine to me! I'm not quite sure what you're asking in your first sentence, though. Assuming I understand correctly: in general, I think the default format should be whatever the actual category name is. BUT if there is a redirect, it ultimately shouldn't matter too much. And, because I'm not convinced of the utility of that infobox parameter in the first place (thinking of removing it), I'm not hugely concerned about it for the time being. Does this help? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:21, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :: Probably, but I will say the following below (for my first sentence) to clarify: :: On the <code>|category =</code> parameter, when placing a recipe category name, should it either be {{tq|Sandwich recipes}} or {{tq|Recipes for sandwiches}}? I hope this clears the confusion. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:39, 27 October 2025 (UTC) == Please no more Unicode LTA == Please don't block me again. I promise I will edit Unicode stuff and add correct information. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-30839-28|&#126;2025-30839-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-30839-28|talk]]) 20:54, 1 November 2025 (UTC) :<small>I am a bit out of the loop, so correct me if I'm wrong - I'm assuming here</small> I think the point is that they want you to ''not'' edit the Unicode stuff? Also hi kitty, it's been a ... very long time.. <sup>&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]</sup> / <sub>[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]</sub> 01:13, 5 November 2025 (UTC) ::Ok so apparently not as long as I thought, but it feels like I've been away for at least a year lol <sup>&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]</sup> / <sub>[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]</sub> 01:23, 5 November 2025 (UTC) :::Nice to see you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:41, 5 November 2025 (UTC) == Administrator and reviewer user right combinations are not needed anymore == Given that administrators can review edits in addition to reviewers, I would suggest for you (and other administrators) to kindly remove the reviewer permission from (own) accounts. What I'm saying is that if one holds administrator and reviewer permissions together, they can remove the reviewer permission from their own account and retain their administrator permission. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:06, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :Gotcha—is there a reason it's bad for one user to have both these rights? If so, I can remove my reviewer right. Otherwise, it seems fairly harmless? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:26, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :: The thing is, administrators have the <code>review</code> user right, as well as some permissions in the reviewer user group in the administrator toolset. That means that having the reviewer user group together with the admin user group is redundant. Hope this explains it. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:59, 11 November 2025 (UTC) ::: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] <s>I'll do this tomorrow morning, as well as to remove autoreviewed user permissions from users who are reviewers.</s> ({{doing}}) [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:24, 12 November 2025 (UTC) : I have removed the autoreviewed user permission from users who are reviewers. As for administrators, I will do so later today. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:40, 13 November 2025 (UTC) == Nesting in Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities == Hi Kittycataclysm, I am editor of wikipedia since 2004. We have the habit if we have a concern using the talk page to clarify the case. I am not sure to delete meaningful content without previous notification and doing major redirection without agreeing the main contributor(s) is an adequate admin act and sign of good manner of host (see [[W:Wikipedia:Etiquette|Wikipedia:Etiquette]].) Yes, It will be not an average book but above the regular. This is the exact case: ''"this may be appropriate, such as with large textbooks that contain subsections with a lot of content."'' ''for to establish good structural and stylistic practices'' I have a data management certification. If you asking it will have 4 nest level on strict purpose. If you saw the introduction of the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] is/will be a global collection making effective collaboration over borders and continents. One structured + categorized(!) page for each community willing to show up. The Postal addresses has also same or larger deepness, this is unavoidable (Country/Postal Code/Location/Street/House/floor/door). Here will looks like: '''Eco-comm/Continent/Regio code/Community name''' The goal of this system to open bridge + experience highway for the communities using the same permaculture technics what collected parallelly in [[Open Book of Permaculture]]. That is also part of this knowledge base please dont do simplification steps on that without discussion. I am kindly asking to revert your edits in this book. After that I will put a notification template about "This book is under construction with major changes. Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History. Common clarifications/ guides are on the primary talk page." Thanks: [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 02:22, 12 November 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]], and thank you both for your contributions and for reaching out! Yes, I did make the following changes to [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]: :* I moved the pages from the [[Eco-comm]] namespace to the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] namespace, since the table of contents and pages for a given book should be under that book's namespace. :* I removed the links to Wikipedia that were on [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]], since outlinking has been discouraged at en.Wikibooks as a matter of practice. Compilations of links may not fall into WB scope as an instructional text, and [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia|there is precedent for deleting them]]. But, I do see that the tool I used didn't just remove links to enWP, so I will restore the prior revision and ping the tool developer. :* I flagged it as needing denesting—you're right that nested entries can sometimes be appropriate. In this case, I was primarily flagging for a denest because the table of contents needs to be moved onto the main page, and it shouldn't have hidden navigation within the nested portions. :Could you clarify which of these edits you do not agree with so I can make sure they are individually addressed? As an aside, it could be helpful to create a [[Help:Local manuals of style|local manual of style]] for the book in order to clearly outline the expectations. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:59, 12 November 2025 (UTC) ::My main concern not about moving and flagging but '''deleting''' [[Eco-comm]] against [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] and not mentioning in the clarification even after my notification. Should I note all administrators [[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers]] - or will they do speedy deleting one by one until I make them individually addressed? :::The <u> local manual of style</u> development is ongoing together with the sample pages. ::'''MAIN PAGE''' ::The '''Main page''' and '''Namespace''' is the [[Eco-comm]]. The '''Full Title''' or '''Cover''' is [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]. Because of the high level of nesting the below extra-long-full-text-title to be avoided the Cover page is a redirection with preface/intro etc. ::'''NESTING ''' :::Featured book with 3 level nesting: [[Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education/Educational Change/Theory]] :::5 level nesting example: [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] ::'''Categories''' The [[:Category:Eco-comm]] will let the users make practical sub-categories e.g. [[:Category:Eco-comm/Project/numundo]] [[:Category:Eco-comm/]] ::: ::[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 03:44, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you for elaborating! I'm unfortunately not sure what you mean about deleting [[Eco-comm]]—are you referring to the fact that I moved it without leaving a redirect? Regarding the nesting, I do honestly think those other books you linked should have their navigation denested since I find their format difficult to parse, and they have some navigation issues. Looping in some other active admins (@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] (@[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]) so they can get eyes on this and voice anything they think is important. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:12, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::It makes no sense to have some crazy abbreviation as a "main page" or "namespace" (whatever that means in this context) for a book in order to allow it to be deep nested. Nobody needs to type the whole name of the nesting because that's what navigation templates do, and it is a simple matter to override the page title. I also take issue with the statement, above, "Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History." Anybody can edit, and nobody gets to own and control any work. Taken together, this complaint looks like a case of attempting to assert ownership and to operate against the normal practices of Wikibooks. As such, I am completely aligned with the changes made. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:49, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::::That. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 14:59, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] for the contribution, btw the [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] also looks crazy long, is'nt it? Lets continue in the [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/General]] keeping this page for personal messages. [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 23:07, 20 November 2025 (UTC) == Deletions of Wikibook subpages == Hello @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], regarding the [[Thesis Writing Guide]] subpage deletions, should I just recreate them when I keep working on them or was there an automatic deletion that we could undo? This document will grow, but really slowly. Best, Tim [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 11:37, 16 December 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]]! Since there was so little content on the deleted pages, my recommendation would just be for you to gradually recreate the chapters as you go. Does that make sense? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:54, 17 December 2025 (UTC) ::Makes sense, not my ideal solution, but also not far from it :) The end result will be the same, the in-between will just feel a little bit weird from time to time. ::Thank you for taking time to curate and quality-control Wikibooks - wishing wonderful holidays and a happy new year! [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 20:43, 17 December 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you, and happy holidays to you as well :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 17 December 2025 (UTC) == help with "Media Literacy and You" == {{re|Kittycataclysm}} What do I need to do to get a quality review of ''[[Media Literacy and You]]'', or whatever is needed to remove <nowiki>{{Qr-em|not clear how this is to be structured as a book}}</nowiki>? I ask, because you added that flag just over 2 hours after I created it. I later found that I had accidentally created it as an anonymous user. I've since started using my standard Wikiname, and I tried to respond to the requests both by creating a discussion on the "Discussion" page associated with that book and by upgrading the content. The upgrades included adding the "Introduction" chapter by revising an article on Wikiversity that convinced me to start this Wikibook. I have other articles that I plan to rewrite to create 9 of the remaining 11 chapters in the current table of contents, as indicated in this table of contents. ??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:23, 8 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]]! I removed the query flag, since this is clearly not a test page. I do have concerns about the suitability of this book for Wikibooks, since it seems to be more in line with essays and original research/analysis (which are [[Wikibooks:WIW|out of scope here]]). Wikiversity seems like a very suitable place for them—is there a specific reason you want to move them here? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:24, 8 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::This book is intended to accelerate the diffusion of [[w:Media literacy|media literacy]] by making it easier for humans to (a) access training materials and (b) connect with research on the most important issues that concern them and (c) discuss those issues with others who may believe differently in a nonthreatening context that encourages dialogue and a shared search for what can honestly be said about any particular issue. This is an extension of "The wisdom of polarized crowds" discussed in [[Wikipedia:Reliability of Wikipedia]]. ::I don't know about you, but I'm frightened by the collapse of nuclear arms control agreements since the year 2000, by global warming, by the threats of the Trump administration to invade Canada and Greenland, etc. If this book project is successful, it will make a material contribution to reversing these trends -- unless this kind of dialogue is [[v:Responding to a nuclear attack|interrupted by a nuclear war]]. === Who is DavidMCEddy === ::I'm a [[w:Vietnam veteran|Vietnam-era veteran]] with a PhD in statistics and a publication record for which [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Spencer-Graves-3 ReserchGate has found over 1,200 academic publications that have cited my work.] Since [https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/en.wikipedia.org/DavidMCEddy 2010 I have logged] * 6,000+ edits in each of Wikipedia and Wikiversity, * 1,000+ in Wikimedia Commons, * 30,000+ in Wikidata, and * almost 1,000 in other Wikimedia Foundation projects like Wikiquote and edits to the Spanish, French and German Wikipedias. This includes dozens of research reports posted to Wikiversity under [[v:Category:Freedom and abundance]] and 44 posts under [[v:Category:Media reform to improve democracy]] that provide a platform for documenting and discussing 44 episodes of a fortnightly "Media & Democracy" series of 29:00 mm:ss podcasts syndicated for the [https://pacificanetwork.org/stations-2/ Pacifica Radio Network] featuring the opinions of leading experts on the increase in political polarization and violence and what those experts think should be done about this. I've just posted another chapter to [[Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. I hope you will agree that this book can make a positive contribution to Wikibooks and to [[w:Jimmy Wales|Jimbo Wales]]' [[w:Wikipedia:Prime objective|Prime Directive]] to create "a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge." Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 01:19, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Thank you and I understand this, but I am asking why you think this material is more suitable at Wikibooks rather than at Wikiversity. From what I can see, Wikiversity seems like the more appropriate home for it given our [[Wikibooks:WIW|scope]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:59, 9 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::"Media Literacy and You" is textbook to support both self study and classes on media literacy. ::I have been posting content to Wikiversity since 2014 and have not encountered support there for books. A search just now turned up a hint of a book on Wikiversity, but I could not easily find anything on how to do it, etc. ::I think this "Media Literacy and You" project would lose the vast majority of its potential if it were not on Wikibooks. ::??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:22, 9 February 2026 (UTC) {{outdent}} {{re|Kittycataclysm}} Will you please help me with the protocols of creating a book on Wikiversity? 1. I have found documentation that claims that Wikiversity supports such. However, the documentation seems incomplete, potentially out of date, etc. For example, I could not see how to follow the instructions for [[Wikiversity:Help:Books#Step 1: Enable the "Book creator" tool]]. So I posted a question to [[Wikiversity:Help talk:Books]]. 2. What do you suggest I do next? :I can create an article on Wikiversity titled, "Media Literacy and You", and port everything I've posted to Wikibooks there, then replace the pages on Wikibooks with redirects to [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You]], [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/Introduction]], and [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. :If you think that's the best way to build this book project, great. It would actually be easier for me, because there would be less translation between what I already have on Wikiversity and a version for Wikibooks. (Also, Wikiversity supports <nowiki>{{cite Q|...}}</nowiki>, which I have used extensively for years.) :Thanks for your help. [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 13:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Unfortunately, I am not familiar with the exact workings of Wikiversity, so I can't be much help there. My personal recommendation is that you ask there for help on how best to structure your materials to match the WV requirements. If you'd like some additional opinions/insight, please feel free to also check in at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General|reading room]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 10 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} I believe I have finished migrating all of ''Media Literacy and You'' to Wikiversity and replacing the parts of it on Wikibooks with redirects. Comments? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 17:32, 10 February 2026 (UTC) == Thank you! == Heya, thanks for reviewing my stuff! Just to note, the first lesson page was done and so that'll need moving. If you want to discuss anything with me, I am easily reachable on Discord @ xiluosi233. I can explain philosophy, approach, and so on from my teaching experience if you want anything regarding that. [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:48, 17 February 2026 (UTC) :It appears [[An Introduction to the Han Script]] was moved wrong - should it not be [[General Literary Chinese from Scratch/An Introduction to the Han Script]]? [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:52, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] good catch! I accidentally removed more of the title than intended. I've fixed this now. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:18, 18 February 2026 (UTC) == A test request == Just to see whether a recent Luna update turned out as intended, could you briefly revert your [[User:Kittycataclysm/lunaoptions.json|Luna preferences page]] to the first revision? Since you don't appear to have any custom preferences in the first place, I don't think there should be any conflicts. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 01:49, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :Done! But, it seems to have perhaps auto-updated again immediately afterwards. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:39, 10 April 2026 (UTC) == Linking == Hi,<br> For my edification, why is a link from [[Cookbook:nettle|nettle]] to [[w:Urtica_dioica|Urtica dioica]] not appropriate? The Wikipedia article has more information & seems relevant.<br> Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 01:53, 24 April 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] good question! Wikibooks discourages outlinking, since books should be self-contained units. Instead of linking to [[w:Urtica dioica]], the correct approach would be to flesh out the actual chapter here at Wikibooks. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:34, 24 April 2026 (UTC) ::Should all material in the Wikipedia article about Urtica dioica relevant to cooking be duplicated into the nettle article in the cookbook? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 02:30, 2 May 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] you could do that, although you should only include information that is sourced. However, I recommend that you wait, because I am coincidentally working on the page right now and fleshing it out significantly. I should publish today. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:40, 2 May 2026 (UTC) ::::The nettle page is better now. Thanks. ::::I still wonder, given that the link to ''The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, ...'' is permitted, why not a link to the botanically oriented page in Wikipedia. What if someone reads the Cookbook article and is interested in the toxin for example? Seems that non-Wikimedia references are more privileged than Wikimedia references. ::::Also, by chance, just noticed the [[w:Nettle_soup|Nettle soup]] article in Wikipedia. Better in the Cookbook? ::::Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 19:10, 5 May 2026 (UTC) :::::Another good question. The reason those books are linked is because they are reputable and topical sources for the subject matter (nettles as used in cooking from an instructional perspective), and the links are part of the citations—this makes it different from a simple outlink to a Wikipedia page. Wikipedia pages should also not be cited themselves as sources. Regarding nettle soup, I don't think it makes sense to have that as a standalone page here in the cookbook due to its encyclopedic tone, and I don't see any recipes there. Does this make sense? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:21, 6 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::Somewhat. Certainly a recipe wouldn't be incongruous in a cookbook. Still seems unhelpful that relevant information in Wikipedia is inaccessible from a Wikibook. In effect there's a "Berlin Wall" between two Wikimedia projects. Would a "See also" section be permissible? ::::::Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 14:00, 7 May 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:32, 28 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471751 --> == Undeletion request == Hello, I am writing to request an undeletion of the page Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad. You stated you are a frequent visitor of the Lentis page and are thus familiar with it. This page was part of a class assignment and was in progress at the time of deletion. The work deleted is what we will be graded on for our class, so we would appreciate the restoration. [[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] ([[User talk:Yqj3km|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Yqj3km|contribs]]) 19:36, 4 May 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] see my response below regarding undeletion. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC) == Undeletion request == About the page on Lentis called Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad: I, too, request undeletion, please. If the authors made any msitakes, the fault is 100 percent mine, for failing to guide them correctly. Like all chapters in this book, this team's chapter is a class assignment. I will be interested also in the reason for deletion so that I can guide authors better. I want to help my students be constructive contributors. Many thanks! [[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 20:03, 4 May 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Norton|Norton]] and thanks for the ping! I deleted it because it was not titled/filed correctly, so I didn't realize it was part of [[Lentis]]. I have undeleted it and moved it to [[Lentis/Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:14, 4 May 2026 (UTC) ::Many, many thanks, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am very grateful as always for everything you do for Wikibooks! ::[[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 22:27, 4 May 2026 (UTC) == Log in issues == Hi, messaging you as you seem to be the most active admin at the moment. I can't log in (as posted at <bdi>[[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance]] and also on my WP page at</bdi> [[w:User_talk:Xania]]). Seems to be an issue with extra security for admins? I am asked to use my authenticator app (which I can't as I have never set it up for Wikibooks) or a recovery code (which I don't have). Any idea what I should do in this situation? Xania [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28255-89|&#126;2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:21, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :Apologies for missing this yesterday! It seems like we have a few people working on it over in the reading room, and I'll keep track there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC) == Splitting pages == FYI, I untagged [[Art Print Production Methods]] as for splitting: the page is rather small with its 20 KB and does not need splitting, in my view. Ideally, there would be an operationalized, fairly detailed policy on the matter, but I do not know of one. Single-page books are in [[:Category:One-page books]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:45, 20 May 2026 (UTC) == <s>Slander</s> == <S>Your tag is slanderous and very easily proven wrong.</s>[https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654455] Given you likely didn't bother to look at the edit history, I would remind you that your given reason that you think it was AI is because you see the chapter is "numbered". That however was 100% my own personal decision after I reviewed my work and thought to myself that I later wrote in the introduction that there is a first to fourth chapter. However I thought to myself that the readers would not be easily made aware of what is meant by first to fourth as I didn't number them - so is why I dedicated an entire edit to make it less ambiguous [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654328]. I should not have to be falsely penalized because I wanted to be more considerate and ensure better clarity. I do however request AI to help me figure out coding like this - [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654329] as I don't know how to link. But I intentionally take great efforts to not rely on AI to write that book and find your wrongful presumptions troubling. [[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 06:00, 15 July 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] thank you for clarifying! I flagged it for review because it matched a common pattern we see associated with LLM use here. If that is not the case, then nothing needs to happen in that respect; however, you will likely want to fix the lists so that they are correctly formatted in the Wikitext and not hard-written—let me know if you have any questions about that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:14, 16 July 2026 (UTC) ::Yeah, I don't instantly understand what you mean by "correctly formatted" list. At first, I assumed you were referring to chapter 4 - (''Further reading'')? But I think I know what you mean. I made this edit here [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654738] to align with how I see wikibooks typically do lists. Did I fix it? If not, feel free to clarify.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 18:35, 16 July 2026 (UTC) ::I thought about how I responded earlier. Even tho I still disagree, I probably shouldn't have used such a tone. I imagine admins like yourself do a lot of work overseeing wiki and the project owes a lot to you guys. So I take back my harsh words, and I hope we're good.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 03:38, 17 July 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] I appreciate that—thank you! And thank you for [[Special:Diff/4654738|making those changes to the lists]], which was indeed what I was referring to. Happy editing! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:31, 17 July 2026 (UTC) == The Geoguide == I literally wrote all of this myself I used no AI if you want to you can highlight the areas that seem way too formal and ill fix them [[User:Kayden Swanson|Kayden Swanson]] ([[User talk:Kayden Swanson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kayden Swanson|contribs]]) 04:22, 18 July 2026 (UTC) :Thank you! I have removed the flag. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:41, 20 July 2026 (UTC) == Vandalism == your recent changes may not be constructive. {{Warning}} [[User:Duodeca 12|Duodeca 12]] ([[User talk:Duodeca 12|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Duodeca 12|contribs]]) 20:39, 2 August 2026 (UTC) == Your recent revert == Could you explain [[Special:Diff/4670314]]? This seems to be you ''restoring'' vandalism, which was originally introduced by [[Special:Diff/4669920]]. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 20:06, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :Good catch! Somehow I didn't have the most recent version of a page loaded, and it seems like Luna reverts the most recent edit of a page and not the specific edit you're viewing. The edit in question should be fixed now. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:11, 15 September 2026 (UTC) ::Sorry {{PAGENAME}} for butting in here, I hope you don't mind. ::Just wanted to mention that I have had a few similar experiences when editing (not having the most recent version of a page loaded). Once this caused me friction with an admin who was convinced I was willfully undoing their edit. This happened years ago on another wikimedia project. ::Ottawahitech [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 01:18, 16 September 2026 (UTC) == Confirmed user == <s>If this is one, could I perhaps be a confirmed user? The software has not granted me autoconfirmed, despite me having the requirements.</s> [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:50, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :This is not needed anymore, thank you! [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:58, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == Vandalism on Unicode/Character reference/1F000-1FFFF == I caught the LTA adding Unicode characters which aren't even approved, I undid it, and they reverted. Please semi-protect this page.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 15:33, 27 September 2026 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:Ruth Bulyaba M]] == Hello Kittycataclysm, I would like to bring to your attention the pages created by this user. I have used AI checkers to check if the page was created by AI, and it turned out to be positive. I have reached out to the user, to no response. Could you perhaps verify if their pages were created by AI? Thank you. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:26, 29 September 2026 (UTC) :Could you perhaps also check [[User:Matovu_Trevor/sandbox|this page]]? Many thanks. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:28, 29 September 2026 (UTC) ::After a cursory look, I do agree that these are LLM-generated. I'm starting to see an influx of editors who add LLM generated content to their sandboxes to take advantage of the fact that we are typically much more lenient about what editors do in their sandboxes. However, because I can't see any way for them to edit the material and publish it in a way that still complies with our policy, I'm inclined to delete them—we ban AI-generated ideas, and there is no way to alter the existing material in a way that circumvents that. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:33, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :::I will note, as an aside, that we do not rely on automated AI checkers, which have their own flaws—rather, we should be able to articulate exactly why we believe something to be in violation of the policy. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:34, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == Recipe == Hello Kittycataclysm, I have created a [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:MathsScienceNerd1/sandbox&oldid=4678337 recipe] that has been translated from nlwikibooks, and I do not know whether it is suitable for enwikibooks, other than it is a recipe of nlwikibooks and thus may conform to the Cookbook MoS over there. Could you perhaps check the page? Regards, --[[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 12:29, 26 October 2026 (UTC) ==[[:Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]]== {{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Kittycataclysm, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] "[[:Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)|Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]]".'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 11:33, 30 October 2026 (UTC)}} :Thank you for the flag! What was the reasoning for deletion here? I don't see it on the page itself. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:53, 3 November 2026 (UTC) ::Ah, my bad! I see it over at RfD. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:55, 3 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Curry Paste]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Curry Paste|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:23, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Doubanjiang]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Doubanjiang|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:29, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Seitan]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Seitan|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:30, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == Clarification Regarding Deleted Wikibooks Sandbox and Future Contributions == I understand there are issues with my sandbox due to deletion and the AI content policy of Wikibooks. However, I would like to contribute to the project by using my own work. If I were to make a new sandbox with the original content would that be ok? Please let me know what to do. Thanks [[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] ([[User talk:SandeepLPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SandeepLPU|contribs]]) 17:22, 5 November 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] and thanks for reaching out! You shouldn't just add back the originally deleted content, since that would still contain AI-generated materials. Instead, I recommend going back to the last point at which the content is entirely your own, and starting over with that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:31, 6 November 2026 (UTC) ::hi @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], actually it is a college acedemic project/assignment, where we (around 150 students) need to write a blog individually on elctronics topic, we are really sorry that this editing stuff were new to us especially in wikibooks, as gen'z were fully dependent on using AI, and growing with it. yeah we do know that we dont need to use AI, but i thought its a sandbox so taking help of AI is not a crime, using AI - the time complexity is reduced. now every students again writing the blog with their own efforts with out using AI. thanks@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] for detecting the errors and guiding us. [[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] ([[User talk:SandeepLPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SandeepLPU|contribs]]) 08:51, 7 November 2026 (UTC) [[Cookbook:Meat and Sausage Ragu with Pasta]] How is this recipe incomplete? I added categories and links to other Wiki articles. It's both lengthy, accurate and delicious. I really don't have the time to make changes to it. If you delete it, I'm not going to bother writing recipes for Wikibooks anymore because that would make my effort a waste of time. [[User:Moby-Dick4000|Moby-Dick4000]] ([[User talk:Moby-Dick4000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Moby-Dick4000|contribs]]) 19:06, 7 November 2026 (UTC) b5fp4ehz2ukdezvcsybe39fn78grrfd 4680728 4680727 2026-11-07T19:08:30Z Moby-Dick4000 198746 4680728 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |Talk Page Archives |- |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2022|2022]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2023|2023]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2024|2024]] |} == That IP range calculator == Following [[phab:T381138|T381138]], I have now become the maintainer of the IP range calculator you like. You can find it [[toolforge:ftools/general/ip-range-calc.html|here]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:10, 9 January 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for the heads-up! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == A merge and unmerge from two years ago == I was browsing through the history merge log when I saw that you merged [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] into [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]], and then promptly reverted it. What happened here exactly? Could I correct it? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:55, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :Good question! I can't remember what I was trying to do, but it looks like I didn't succeed at what I wanted based on the log comment. You're just trying to history merge to get [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]] to have continuity of history? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:35, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::I think I figured out your mistake: it outright moved the revisions from the first page to the second, rather than copying them. This would have caused the other two [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] pages to have incomplete histories. I think the only solution would be to XML import the pre-April 2023 revisions from the first page to the other three, and I'm not sure if that's the best idea, and I am technically unable to do so. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 16:49, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == Undeletion request == I wouldn't be surprised if you expected this, but I'd like to ask you to undelete the subpages of [[Rotorcraft Fundamentals]] you just deleted with the summary "Use of copyrighted work without permission. Please read Terms of Use: page needs to be imported for attribution", so that I can do that. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 19:54, 14 January 2025 (UTC) :Done! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:57, 14 January 2025 (UTC) ::Upon further investigation, this might actually be a rare case where an [[WB:UT|unmerged transwiki]] is ''preferred'' (this is part of why I stopped calling them "bad transwikis"), since only a small portion of the Wikipedia article (with over 2,000 revisions) was copied over. Importation is generally only needed if the ''majority'' of the page is copied across wikis. I'll just leave a null edit providing attribution and add {{tlx|Copied}}. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 21:19, 14 January 2025 (UTC) == Reusing [[Cookbook:8 Desserts in 1 Pan]] on wikiHow == Hi, I am a user on wikiHow, see [[wikihow:User:Xeverything11]]. I would like to create a new recipe on wikiHow. I wanted to let us know if I can give permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe from Wikibooks to wikiHow. I (as a copyright holder) created this recipe on Wikibooks, but you contributed to this recipe. If not, I'll use the revision before you contributed since I was the only author. Wikibooks uses CC-BY-SA 4.0 while wikiHow uses CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0, which both licenses are incompatible due to ShareAlike conditions. Thanks [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 08:27, 15 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] I'm personally fine with this as long as proper attribution is given back to the original recipe page here. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:52, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::I adapted this [[wikihow:Make-8-Desserts-in-1-Pan|recipe]] on wikiHow with attribution, and got a Rising Star (an achievement used for best new articles on wikiHow). Thank you! [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 19:49, 24 January 2025 (UTC) == Wikibooks community == Hi, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am trying to contribute more to English Wikibooks. My main contributions will focus on the Cookbook, especially on Indonesian recipes. Do you have a community group where we can discuss and share ideas together? I am looking forward to join. Thank you! [[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 08:47, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] Sorry I missed this, and welcome! Are you asking about a Cookbook-specific area for discussion? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:39, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Yes. Do you know place for this? ::Thank you ::[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 09:41, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :::Honestly, there's not a centralized Cookbook-specific discussion space, especially since there aren't currently a ton of active contributors. Some people ask questions at [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. I'm currently the most consistently active and involved Cookbook editor, so feel free to ask me questions! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 22 January 2025 (UTC) == Congratulations! == [[File:Admin T-shirt.svg|thumb|You get this now.]] You are now a permanent administrator. Welcome to the team (I am entitled to say this because I technically got the extension a few hours before you did)!{{FBDB}} [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 10:33, 29 January 2025 (UTC) :Thanks :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:29, 29 January 2025 (UTC) == Is there a way to contact a Steward on WikiBooks? == Hi {{PAGENAME}}, Is there a way to contact a Steward on WB? I tried to find who the active Stewards are here at [[Special:ActiveUsers?username=&groups%5B%5D=steward&wpFormIdentifier=specialactiveusers]] but nothing shows up. The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the [[Wikimania-wiki]], but I just visited the [[wikimania 2014 wiki]] and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the [[Wikimania 2014 main-page talk]] but disovered that the Stewards have protected it. Is there a way wikibookians can communicate with Stewards at WB? Thanks in advance for answering this non-urgent question, and apologies for all the red-links which I can bluify if needed. Cheers [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:37, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] You can ask this on somewhere like [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:01, 7 February 2025 (UTC) <s>:@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] seconding what Leaderboard said—we no longer have any active stewards at enWB.</s> Had a brain fade there and mixed up stewards with bureaucrats. Yes, meta is the place for this. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::@Kittycataclysm,@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], or anyone else: ::Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb. I myself am indef-blocked at META so could not participate at [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]] even if I waned to. ::Since [[Wikimania]] is a topic of interest to all members of the [[wikimedia movement]] why can't wikibookians talk to thier elected representatives here? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:56, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] I can check with the blocking admin to see if they'd be willing to unblock you, if you'd like. The reason things like these are done at Meta is that Meta is a cross-project coordination platform - stewards ''cannot'' be expected to watch every project after all. Now you could message any steward here on Wikibooks if you really wanted to, but that is not normally a good idea. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 02:26, 8 February 2025 (UTC) ::::Wikimania is the annual conference celebrating all the free knowledge projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). It is a wikimedia initiative which is meant to help all of our projects (including wikibooks), gain more readership, educate more wiki-editors, foster better communications, and much more. The wmf has been hosting a Wikimania-wiki dedicated to each Wikimania annual event since 2004. These wikis contain a wealth of information, but can benefit from wiki-improvements, starting from spelling and grammar errors that detract from their to appeal to the general membership. It would be nice if Stewards paid more attention to it. ::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], I truly appreciate your offer, but I posted this here not in order to get someone to advocate for one unblocking at META. As I said earlier: ::::* "Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb" ::::* "The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the Wikimania-wiki, but I just visited the wikimania 2014 wiki and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the Wikimania 2014 main-page talk but disovered that the Stewards have protected it" ::::I would much rather see more wikimedia members question blocking in general at META. One cannot run such large movement of people from different backgrounds and nationalities simply by silencing minorities IMIO. [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:12, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Crystal ball]] == That page appears to be a mixture of isolated paragraphs from [[w:Crystal ball|Crystal ball]], hence my tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 03:04, 9 February 2025 (UTC) :Yep, that seems correct! I also queried it simply because it does not seem suitable for inclusion at all. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:09, 9 February 2025 (UTC) == Question about an edit suggestion == Hi Kittycataclysm, Thanks for the great work you do as an admin! I wanted to clarify a suggestion you made on a recently published page I’m working on. You recommended splitting it into smaller sections—would you suggest creating separate pages for these sections, or would a higher-level header for some topics be sufficient? Any specific recommendations you have would be greatly appreciated! Here’s the link to the page I’m referring to: [[Funding and Finance of Transportation Projects in the United States of America]] Thank you! [[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]] ([[User talk:Svrmustafa|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Svrmustafa|contribs]]) 18:19, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]], and thanks for asking! Splitting refers to creating new pages, each with a smaller amount of content. The main page should then contain a table of contents, and each page can contain a navigation template for easier navigation. I'll create the table of contents based on the current work and move some content to one of those pages as an example for you; then, you can do the rest. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:26, 19 February 2025 (UTC) ::Following up on this—I noticed that you use the term "paper". However, technically Wikibooks hosts books not papers, so you should probably change this wording. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:38, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Talkback == {{Talkback|Cookbook talk:Chilli Crab|Recipe Questions}} [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 09:54, 19 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] I also made [[Cookbook:Prata|this]] [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:15, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Hello == Can you look at my latest recipe? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 00:10, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :I saw it! It needs a few corrections, which I'll note. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:23, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] How do you write recipe summary, correct headers [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 06:04, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :::Please see [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template]]. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:08, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::::ok [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 02:33, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook == Hi there, Kittycataclysm. I wandered over here from Wikipedia, and I'm quite enamoured with this cookbook. I noticed you seem to be the one maintaining it, and I thought I'd reach out. Can I really just start cranking out recipes from public domain cookbooks and my family recipes? It's that simple? I was also wondering about the featured recipes section. There's not very many in there, and I imagine there's not very many folks around to do reviews compared to GAR on Wikipedia. How do you handle content review? Thanks. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:51, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] and welcome! For some context, the Cookbook has been around since the very beginning of Wikibooks, but it had gotten into a bit of disarray over the course of about two decades by the time I found it. I started the long process of overhauling, standardizing, and expanding it just over four years ago—I finished standardizing the recipe formatting and quality a while back and am currently working my way through the ingredient pages before moving on to equipment, techniques, and cuisines. You can absolutely add any public domain recipes as well as your own recipes—they just need to conform to the [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template|recipe template]] and [[Cookbook:Policy|Cookbook policy overall]]. It's even better if you've made the recipe and can contribute a nice picture and specific guidance/instructions/notes! Please feel free to ask me any questions. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::Oh, and regarding the featured recipes section, I actually haven't gotten around to looking into that yet—there's been a lot to do! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:28, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::That's great, thanks a lot for your response. This is just delightful. Maybe content review is something that we could collaborate on. There's a lot of recipes in here and it would be nice to know which ones are the best. Question for you, [[:Category:Brown sauces]] is really bothering me. How can I move that to Brown sauce recipes? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:29, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::Good catch on that category! It seems like it was created two decades ago and never got corrected—feel free to recategorize those recipes. Thank you also for introducing the hideprefix parameter to the category trees—I didn't realize that was an option, and it reduces the visual clutter! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::My pleasure! As I continue to look at the categories, this is actually worse than I thought. We have both [[:Category:Sauce recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes for condiments]] and I suspect that's just the beginning. I want to go through and categorize everything properly, but the bones aren't even there... How long do I have to be here before it'll let me create and move around categories? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:40, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Regarding the categories, the category overhauling is in progress, since I address the category when I overhaul the associated page. The variation in titling is actually somewhat deliberate—I started changing it from "____ recipes" in certain cases to solve a particular categorization problem. Sometimes, there is an item that is used in recipes as an ingredient but for which there are also recipes. For example, [[:Category:Recipes for bread]] versus [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]. The different naming scheme is necessary to properly delineate the categories, and I'm working on implementing it a bit more consistently as I go. While you're still getting started, it would be great if you could check with me when something looks odd or out of place—that way I can take a look and weigh in on whether that's normal or not and maybe provide some context. Just off the top of my head, I think you will have to wait for autoreview status to make move changes. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::I see what you're saying, I've been trying to wrap my head around that. Maybe it would be beneficial to try to put together some sort of a Cookbook MOS regarding category structure? It's kind of all over the place right now. Using your bread example, would it perhaps make more sense to have [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]? There would be no ambiguity with just those two categories, but when you add the extra [[:Category:Recipes for bread]], that's when things start getting a little whacky. What do you think? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:05, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::Either that or get rid of [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and keep the other two. But one of these categories gotta go, I reckon. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:07, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I see you already had the same thought as me. I think all categories should include "for" or "using". Take for example, [[:Category:Recipes for pancakes]] as opposed to [[:Category:Pancake recipes]]. Well obviously there's no recipes using pancakes. But for something like [[:Category:Recipes for gravy]], there may also be a need for [[:Category:Recipes using gravy]]. The lack of consistency in this regard means the only way to achieve consistency across the categories is by changing them over to that format. Sorry for clogging up your talk page! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:18, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Same heads-up as below—migrating this over to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:10, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :Also, on [[Cookbook:Table of Contents]], could you please add a wikilink for [[Cookbook:Breakfast]], and maybe add cooknav to the top for seamless navigation between all the top level articles? Can't edit that article yet. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:47, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == More Table of Content Edits == Hello again. I've been going through everything and this is my list of suggestions for edits to the table of contents. Unfortunately there's not much else I can do for now, because without autoconfirmed my ability to change anything is very limited. I was going to ask for someone to check off the confirmed box for me at RfP but I can't post there either, so I guess I'll be back in four days. * Fix Bread wikilink * Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing * [[Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Low-Carb]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] to [[Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine]] for parity * Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting * Create [[:Category:Lunch recipes]], wikilink to ToC * Wikilink [[Cookbook:Dessert]] under Meals * Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category * Create [[Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine]] so I can add the recipes from [[:Category:East Asian recipes]] to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC * Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction" * Appendix and Equipment sections switch places Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:46, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :I took the liberty of doing it myself in my userspace. You can just copy it over from [[User:MediaKyle/sandbox]]. Figured I'd save you the trouble of trying to figure out what I'm talking about. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 14:15, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Circling back to this! It seems like your suggestions are getting at a couple different things. I'll try to go through them point-by-point below: :* {{xt|Fix Bread wikilink}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing}} see below comments on TOC. :* {{xt|Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for now because I don't fully understand the urgency and I want to triage/prioritize things for you, but please feel free to make this change yourself once you can! :* {{xt|Cookbook:Low-Carb points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for same reason as above. :* {{xt|Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean to Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine for parity}} {{not done}} for now just because we do have a lot of cuisine pages that follow the form "Cuisine of ____". It could be good to standardize, and I had been planning to do that once I got around to the cuisines. :* {{xt|Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting}} {{not done}} for same reason as other redirects :* {{xt|Create Category:Lunch recipes, wikilink to ToC}} Not quite sure what you mean here, and I didn't see what it corresponded to in your linked sandbox page :* {{xt|Wikilink Cookbook:Dessert under Meals}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category}} I'm not sure about this—brunch is in many places considered a separate entity, and I don't necessarily think it would cause confusion. But, overall it's hard to determine whether it should have its own page and TOC link because I haven't actually gotten around to evaluating the meal pages and what role they should play. See also the TOC notes below. :* {{xt|Create Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine so I can add the recipes from Category:East Asian recipes to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC}} {{done}} for now; however, I'm not sure yet whether it will ultimately make sense to keep that as a content page. I think content pages should be reasonably focused, and it may not be the best to have a cuisine page that is so broad. This is something I planned to consider once I made my way around the overhauling the cuisines. :* {{xt|Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction"}} The reason I made it "Introductory Matter" instead of "Introduction" is because there's already a chapter itself titled "Introduction"—it felt odd to have the entire section titled that as well. Happy to discuss other header options (e.g. "Front Matter", which is a generally accepted book term) :* {{xt|Appendix and Equipment sections switch places}} see below comments on TOC. :* '''Comments on the TOC:''' So, I think a fundamental issue with the current TOC is that it somewhat arbitrarily picks and chooses individual pages to link. It also sometimes direct-links to categories and sometimes to content pages, which I don't think we should do. Because the cookbook is so expansive, it's been established that manual indices intending to capture detail in large areas don't really make sense and quickly get bulky and out-of-date. This is why categorytree is such a useful tool! After thinking on it for a while and making some small tweaks, I think I'd ultimately like to overhaul the TOC and come to a solution that keeps a few broad headers/links to the small handful of the primary content pages while perhaps stashing away more detailed and self-updating lists in a collapsible way to reduce clutter but allow for customizable user navigation. Much to think about, and I'll probably workshop some things on the side to see how they feel. :Let me know if I've misunderstood anything! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:24, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for the notes! Here's my thoughts: ::* On the Cuisine titling, it actually seems like [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] and [[Cookbook:East Asian cuisines]] are the only ones that don't follow the naming scheme, i.e. "[[Cookbook:African Cuisine]]", and I think that shorter titles are preferable where it makes sense. ::* On your note about East Asian Cuisine, I actually had the same thought after going through the cuisine pages. Having three separate pages for different kinds of Asian cuisine does seem a little silly, doesn't it? Do you think it might be better to combine all of them under one "Asian Cuisine", but put the different locales under separate headers? ::* On Brunch - I honestly think there's way too much ambiguity around what exactly constitutes as "brunch" to keep that in. I feel as though the term brunch more applies to the time you're eating, rather than the kind of food. I think it would be easier to keep meals that include commonly accepted breakfast foods in the Breakfast category, and things that don't fit neatly into that, into the Lunch category. This would prevent any dilemmas in the future where we can't decide whether something is breakfast or brunch. ::* You're right that it looks a little awkward to have the header as Introduction when there's a page called introduction. I still think that to say "Introductory Matter", or "Front Matter" as you mentioned, is a little long-winded and reflects a more academic tone than needed for a cookbook. Upon further reflection, I think maybe rather than worrying about the header at this point, we should perhaps think about trying to compile all of those short introductory type pages into one comprehensive introductory page. Then we likely won't even need a header for it on the ToC. ::* The ToC is definitely a bit cluttered, and it bothers me too that there's a real lack of consistency across whether the wikilinks lead to a page or a category. I'm not sure how I would feel about cutting away too much of the navigation from it, though, because just about every page on there does have a reason to be there, it's just that they're not presented very nicely. Some of it can certainly get nested or combined though. I'll play around with it over the next few days in my sandbox as well and let you know if I come up with anything. ::* As an aside, the first thing on my to-do list once my autoconfirmed comes through is to start subcategorizing all of the recipes so that they're all nicely sorted in the category trees. When you have a chance, I'd love to hear your thoughts on what we should use as the standard naming for categories. Once we determine this, I think we can also take the liberty of updating the cookbook MoS to reflect it. ::Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:33, 3 March 2025 (UTC) :::Note: After writing this, I realized what you were getting at about slashing away some of the subpages. Maybe we can come up with a system where all of those subpages are under their main subpage rather than on the ToC. For example, all the Cuisines are under [[Cookbook:Cuisines]], all techniques under [[Cookbook:Cooking Techniques]], to keep the subpages off the main ToC. Also, I wonder if maybe we should try to make a centralized discussion for this somewhere, in case anyone else wants to join in at some point? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:45, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::Heads-up: to make it easier to keep track of these and since I think they deserve their own discussions, I'm going to gradually migrate them over individually to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:52, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Good idea. Can you remove the semi-protection from that talk page? I see no reason why it should be protected. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:23, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook ToC == Hi [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]. I was just wondering why you didn't respond to my above message, and started a separate sandbox for the ToC instead? It seems as though you don't really want to collaborate. It would be nice if we could work on this together. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 22:43, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] thanks for the ping! I'm sorry you feel like I don't want to collaborate—the opposite is true, and please understand that this is good-faith editing. The reason I haven't responded to the above points is mostly since you've been modifying a bunch of content and adding suggestions lately, and I've been working my way through these while continuing with my routine contributions and real life as well—things happen a little more slowly here than on other projects, and I'm the one person dedicated to the cookbook right now. The reason I created that sandbox was because I saw [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#Modernize the shelves|your comment]] at the reading room and wanted to play around and think about your suggestion without touching the actual TOC. You're right that it's not the best, and it's been something I've been thinking about for a bit now. Please understand also that it can be overwhelming when a new editor unfamiliar with the Cookbook begins making a high volume of edits and suggestions without having much experience with it or its history—this isn't to say that you don't have good ideas or things worth contributing. In fact, you have already made a few helpful changes, as I've mentioned. I just want to do this properly and take the time to evaluate your suggestions together with the current efforts that are underway, and that can take a bit. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:03, 2 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for getting back to me. While I may be new to Wikibooks, I'm certainly not new to MediaWiki, and I've been working with small wiki projects for a number of years. Perhaps it's been a misunderstanding to some degree, but I've found my reception here to be unusually unwelcoming. The way to do this properly, as you said, would be to have discussions and form consensus. Yesterday, when you reached out to me about adding hideroot to the pages, I gave you my rationale and was more than happy to have a discussion about it, but you did not reply. I noticed a similar situation happened with [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_talk:Ottawahitech#Category_sorting Ottawahitech], regarding category sorting. I'm aware that you're the main person looking after the cookbook right now, which is why I reached out to you right from the get go. ::I understand why you would want to create your own sandbox to play around with options for the ToC, but I'm sure you can understand why it would draw my attention that you would do this without implementing any of the wikilink fixes I mentioned, or making an attempt to discuss it further. This came across to me as not wanting my help. ::I invite you to check out my page on Wikipedia. I've made contributions across quite a wide area of topics there, as well as the other Wikimedia projects, and this is the first time I've encountered any sort of resistance to my contributions. I think Wikibooks has enormous potential, and I'm very excited to contribute to helping it grow. On most projects, this would be something to be encouraged. I don't feel like "I'm sorry that you feel that way" was really an appropriate response. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:59, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :::I think you're right that this has been a mix of misunderstanding and miscommunication, and I think I can understand how things came across as unwelcoming! For whatever it's worth, I absolutely plan on circling back to the various discussions at hand (I have all the relevant pages open to return to), but it seems like the order I did things made it seem like I was ignoring you (if I'm understanding correctly). I am pretty busy, so sometimes items on my to-do list do get lost/shunted or it takes me a bit to get around to something—please don't hesitate to give me a ping if it seems like I'm taking a while to get back to something. Looking forward to more collaboration! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:49, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::I'm glad you can understand where I'm coming from. To clarify, my intent is not to try to rush you, or to try to push you to make changes that you don't agree with. It's really easy to misinterpret things over the Internet, and I think a short message can go a long way. I apologize if I've caused you any undue stress by coming into the cookbook and unleashing a flurry of alterations, but do rest assured that I'm not married to any of my changes, I'm always open for discussion, and I want to see the cookbook improve just like you do. The great thing about wikis is that no change is permanent. I think we'll have it in tip-top shape in no time! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:19, 3 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Polish Doughnuts (Paczki)]] == Do you see any reason not to just add this to Featured Recipes? At least we know this one works, and it seems like this is now one of the few recipes to have a picture that actually aligns with the recipe used. I was thinking later on we'll come up with a content review system where a couple editors will actually try the recipes nominated for FR, but in the absence of that I'd just add it to the list. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 12:25, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :I'm fine with adding it to the featured recipes. You're right that we'll want to come up with a good system for this going forward, though it's lower down on my personal priority list at moment. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Cream Cheese American Buttercream]] == Hi! I am a wikiHow user and I am planning to adapt this recipe to wikiHow. Since you contributed to this recipe, I wanted to know if I can get permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe. Thanks. [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 21:41, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] that's fine with me as long as proper attribution and linking back to the original recipe page here are included at the top. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:28, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[A Companion to Our Literary Journey]] == Hi! I feel that we have started to outline the scope in a clearer and more precise way and that’s the work we are going to do with the students this and for the next years, adding more sections and content. Do you think that would be enough? [[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]] ([[User talk:Ferdi2005|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ferdi2005|contribs]]) 22:43, 6 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]]! Yes, this seems to be reasonably outlined. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:51, 7 March 2025 (UTC) == Exercising care with copyright == When deleting a page as a copyright violation, it is important that you '''do not quote any content from the deleted page'''. If you do, then your log entry is itself a copyright violation. I have redacted a recent deletion that you performed because of this. If you want to make sure that none of your past deletions have been problematic for this reason, you can [[quarry:query/90444|run this SQL query]] to get a list of every deletion that could be eligible for redaction. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 18:32, 21 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] and thank you for the message. In the most recent instance that I think you're referencing, I do not see any material in the edit summary that posed a significant risk—I don't believe the few listed words would be a copyright concern. However, I do understand your concern! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:31, 21 March 2025 (UTC) == Splitting Pages == Hi I have recently made the book on the [[History of the Nawabs of Bengal]] and you gave a notice on how you believe it should be split into smaller bits. As I am still new to wikibooks I don't know how to do this. Can you please assist me on renaming the page so I can split the page into multiple pages? @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 19:47, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]]: You did it. I've removed the tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 22:44, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :Like @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] said, you're all set! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 29 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks! @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 10:24, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == Minecraft book == Is it good creating pages like this, [[Minecraft#Husk]]? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 12:43, 9 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] what do you mean? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:18, 10 May 2025 (UTC) ::are we allowed to create pages like that? like for every mob [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:02, 11 May 2025 (UTC) :::To be honest, I don't think the structure and formatting of the book is very good. Several of the mob pages, for example, have very little information and aren't particularly helpful on their own. If I were working on it, I would restructure the book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:09, 11 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I am planning to do that. [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 04:19, 12 May 2025 (UTC) == Request to Review Adjusted User Page (XoriantTeam) == Hello [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I hope you're well. I noticed that my user page ([[User:XoriantTeam]]) was recently deleted for appearing promotional or inappropriate for Wikibooks. Thank you for keeping the community standards in check. I’ve since revised the content with closer attention to neutrality and compliance with Wikibooks guidelines. My intent is to participate constructively, especially in areas related to digital engineering and educational content creation. If possible, I’d appreciate your help reviewing the revised version. I'm happy to share it or upload it as a file if there’s a preferred method. Please let me know how best to proceed. I welcome any suggestions and will gladly make further adjustments. Best regards, XoriantTeam [[User:XoriantTeam|XoriantTeam]] ([[User talk:XoriantTeam|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/XoriantTeam|contribs]]) 11:02, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :Hi there—you can publish an updated user page, but I'd caution you against talking about your company. Keep it limited to your involvement with Wikibooks. You may contribute productively here, but further promotional materials are grounds for an indefinite block. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:30, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == Planning to use AWB to update categories on the cookbook == Hello. I noticed in recent changes that you were moving some categories using HotCat (e.g. moving Category:Chile recipes to Category:Recipes using chile), which can be time-consuming. Therefore, I plan to help you with moving the cookbook categories by adding myself to enabledusers and enabledbots in [[Wikibooks:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON]]. Would this be fine if I assist you and to add myself to the check page? I am familiar with using AWB after testing on a non-Wikimedia project. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:42, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—thank you for the tip! I just installed JWB, so this should make my mass cat changes much faster. Thanks again! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:11, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for the information. Also, is it okay if I change (for example) [[:Category:Vinegar recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes using vinegar]] (I can redirect the former category to the latter), given that we should move {{tq|Category:[ingredient] recipes}} to {{tq|Category:Recipes using [ingredient]}} for consistency? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:57, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :::Sure thing—go ahead! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:53, 8 June 2025 (UTC) == Tool for even faster category changes == See [[:c:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot#As_your_user_gadget]]. I just [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:Koavf/common.js&action=history installed it] and used it dozens of times in a click. Let me know if you need any help. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:36, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] Thanks! I'm having a little trouble activating it, but I'll keep trying. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:54, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::A lot of times, a purge will do the trick. See [[:mw:Purge]]. Usually just <kbd>Ctrl+Shift+R</kbd> once or twice. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:55, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :::Took several purges, but we're set now! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:16, 19 June 2025 (UTC) == Advice on when I should run for adminship == Hi, I hope you are doing well. I am asking for some advice on when I should run for enwikibooks adminship, given the following below: Currently, I am doing some optimizations for dark mode on this project, and some of the message box/MediaWiki interface/template pages might be outdated, fully protected, or can use a little help using mw-parser-output. These unfortunately might hinder the process of updating these pages/templates for Vector 2022's dark mode.<br> Additionally, I have a solid expertise with edit filters, as I have requested some administrators to update deprecated filter variables, switching filters from warn and disallow to disallow only, and I can also monitor the filter log for potential false positives (from local or global filters). A fellow English Wikibooks administrator also said to me that they are willing to support me in a few months when I run for adminship, as I am generally trusted. I hold two advanced global permissions, and I hold an edit filter helper permission on the English Wikipedia, to be sure. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:02, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—good question! I agree that you are a trusted user, and I think it would be reasonable for you to run for adminship, especially given our need to fix up technical aspects of the project. If you don't plan to commit to Wikibooks long-term (i.e. you have some projects you'd like to take a few months to complete and then be done), you can always request temporary adminship. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:30, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for your feedback, but I also plan to monitor for vandalism/spam, and to commit to reduce the administrative assistance reading room backlog, should I be elected for adminship (and I forgot to mention those). Anyway, regarding your feedback, I might run by August or even July, given that I've lately started contributing more often to Wikibooks. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) ::: [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I am pinging you one more time to see if you have read my response above yours. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:34, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]! I'm not sure what you mean—was there an additional question you had? Everything you've outlined seems quite reasonable. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:26, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::: Apologies for the confusion, I don't have any questions to ask. I was clarifying that I can help with implementing edit requests and to block obvious vandals and spammers, aside from the skills I mentioned earlier. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:32, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == how is it you feel able to interfere in my sandbox? == you deleted a page in my sandbox that was my way of providing my response to a request from an OpenSCAD dev team leader for a couple of text blurbs for use on a web page of the OpenSCAD site. now that you have deleted my page i have to recreate the texts from a screenshot to be able to offer the suggestions, which i will This kind of high handed treatment is what keeps me from being a wiki-anything contributor .. If it is Wiki policy to interfere in the documentation of an open source project because it is hosted on Wikibooks then i will take up the task of moving our online docs to a site where you cannot interfere. -- [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 21:56, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]]—thanks for bringing this to my attention. I now understand that this was intended to be in your user namespace—I've undeleted it and moved it to the correct namespace for you. Let me know if anything else comes up! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::ah .. err .. umm .. well that is a gentle answer to my ire. Thanks for being so gracious [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::and .. isn't my sandbox in my namespace by default? [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:30, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::No worries—it looks like you didn't add the prefix "User:" before writing out the full page titles, so the pages you created were technically in the project's Main space with the official published materials. Going forward, you can just double-check that the page title starts with "'''User:'''VulcanWikiEdit/sandbox", and that should keep everything in the right place! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::BTW .. i love the play on cat lover name [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 15:35, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :::::Thank you! That's very kind. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:46, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Regarding the user Codename Tameirao == Could this be Matthew again (the Unicode LTA)? I believe it might be him based on his usage of edit summaries, and his usual edits to [[Unicode/Versions]]. I just blocked his recent account, and then I protected and stabilized that Unicode book. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 23:51, 12 August 2025 (UTC) :I suspect you're right! That seems like a reasonable course of action. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:56, 13 August 2025 (UTC) :: I recently encountered another possible LTA, see [[Special:Contributions/~2025-55706-6]] (as well as [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]]). I can email you more details if you want. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 16:30, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::I think this is the same LTA, yes! I've protected [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]], but I think it would be a good idea if we could automate this monitoring somewhat using the edit filter. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:07, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::: I don't think that was Matthew, as he typically uses edit summaries. The deleted page was not protected, as it was protected before you deleted it; I salted it from creation for one year. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 20:22, 9 September 2025 (UTC) ::::: You might want to look at [[Special:Contributions/Freddy Fazbearing Others]]. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:18, 26 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::Thank you! I went ahead and blocked them. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:54, 28 October 2025 (UTC) == IP block exempt == Hi Kitty, I currently have IP block exemption on enwiki, Commons and Wikidata as I use VPNs connected to my internet security software. Can you please grant me the right on wikibooks. I have a strong password and use two factor authentication. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 10:51, 22 August 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TarnishedPath|TarnishedPath]]! This doesn't sound unreasonable to me, but I think it would be good if you requested at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]] so we can have a discussion—I have not granted this right before. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::Kitty, thanks for pointing me in the right direction. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 03:25, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::See [[Wikibooks:Requests_for_permissions#TarnishedPath_(discuss_·_contribs_·_count_·_logs_·_block_log_·_rfp_·_rights)_(IP_Block_Exemption)]] ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 03:35, 23 August 2025 (UTC) == You've got mail! == {{You've got mail|sig=<span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 00:20, 6 September 2025 (UTC)}} :Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:06, 6 September 2025 (UTC) == Are you able to import? == I made a few requests over at https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_import . [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 22:32, 4 October 2025 (UTC) : [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]], I'll go ahead and start the imports. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:29, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you for your help [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:51, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::: My apologies for not doing this sooner, because some database error appears when I am trying to mass import. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:39, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::::I also tried to make this import earlier and ran into issues with the software. I was hoping it was a temporary bug, but it seems to be persisting. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:01, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::This seems like I should get involved. {{working}}... [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 13:11, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::: I believe there are five pages that have massive page histories they fail to import here. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::::I backed up the XMLs of them locally but im unsure how much that'd do. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:18, 6 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Just became an importer. The reason is prob understandable but I cannot upload the XML file to here locally. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 17:23, 10 October 2025 (UTC) == About the category parameter in the recipe summary template == When it uses a "recipe by type" category, should it use a "[type/food] recipes" name or "Recipes for [type/food]"? I recently operated JWB to change from [[:Category:Dessert recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes for dessert]] in multiple Cookbook recipes, and from what I've said before, I've changed to ''Recipes for dessert'' in the category parameter of Cookbook recipes. Hope you don't mind that this was over more than 250 changes (not counting the recent category changes after moving some recipe categories). Thanks. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:07, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—those JWB changes you made seem fine to me! I'm not quite sure what you're asking in your first sentence, though. Assuming I understand correctly: in general, I think the default format should be whatever the actual category name is. BUT if there is a redirect, it ultimately shouldn't matter too much. And, because I'm not convinced of the utility of that infobox parameter in the first place (thinking of removing it), I'm not hugely concerned about it for the time being. Does this help? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:21, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :: Probably, but I will say the following below (for my first sentence) to clarify: :: On the <code>|category =</code> parameter, when placing a recipe category name, should it either be {{tq|Sandwich recipes}} or {{tq|Recipes for sandwiches}}? I hope this clears the confusion. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:39, 27 October 2025 (UTC) == Please no more Unicode LTA == Please don't block me again. I promise I will edit Unicode stuff and add correct information. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-30839-28|&#126;2025-30839-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-30839-28|talk]]) 20:54, 1 November 2025 (UTC) :<small>I am a bit out of the loop, so correct me if I'm wrong - I'm assuming here</small> I think the point is that they want you to ''not'' edit the Unicode stuff? Also hi kitty, it's been a ... very long time.. <sup>&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]</sup> / <sub>[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]</sub> 01:13, 5 November 2025 (UTC) ::Ok so apparently not as long as I thought, but it feels like I've been away for at least a year lol <sup>&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]</sup> / <sub>[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]</sub> 01:23, 5 November 2025 (UTC) :::Nice to see you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:41, 5 November 2025 (UTC) == Administrator and reviewer user right combinations are not needed anymore == Given that administrators can review edits in addition to reviewers, I would suggest for you (and other administrators) to kindly remove the reviewer permission from (own) accounts. What I'm saying is that if one holds administrator and reviewer permissions together, they can remove the reviewer permission from their own account and retain their administrator permission. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:06, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :Gotcha—is there a reason it's bad for one user to have both these rights? If so, I can remove my reviewer right. Otherwise, it seems fairly harmless? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:26, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :: The thing is, administrators have the <code>review</code> user right, as well as some permissions in the reviewer user group in the administrator toolset. That means that having the reviewer user group together with the admin user group is redundant. Hope this explains it. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:59, 11 November 2025 (UTC) ::: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] <s>I'll do this tomorrow morning, as well as to remove autoreviewed user permissions from users who are reviewers.</s> ({{doing}}) [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:24, 12 November 2025 (UTC) : I have removed the autoreviewed user permission from users who are reviewers. As for administrators, I will do so later today. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:40, 13 November 2025 (UTC) == Nesting in Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities == Hi Kittycataclysm, I am editor of wikipedia since 2004. We have the habit if we have a concern using the talk page to clarify the case. I am not sure to delete meaningful content without previous notification and doing major redirection without agreeing the main contributor(s) is an adequate admin act and sign of good manner of host (see [[W:Wikipedia:Etiquette|Wikipedia:Etiquette]].) Yes, It will be not an average book but above the regular. This is the exact case: ''"this may be appropriate, such as with large textbooks that contain subsections with a lot of content."'' ''for to establish good structural and stylistic practices'' I have a data management certification. If you asking it will have 4 nest level on strict purpose. If you saw the introduction of the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] is/will be a global collection making effective collaboration over borders and continents. One structured + categorized(!) page for each community willing to show up. The Postal addresses has also same or larger deepness, this is unavoidable (Country/Postal Code/Location/Street/House/floor/door). Here will looks like: '''Eco-comm/Continent/Regio code/Community name''' The goal of this system to open bridge + experience highway for the communities using the same permaculture technics what collected parallelly in [[Open Book of Permaculture]]. That is also part of this knowledge base please dont do simplification steps on that without discussion. I am kindly asking to revert your edits in this book. After that I will put a notification template about "This book is under construction with major changes. Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History. Common clarifications/ guides are on the primary talk page." Thanks: [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 02:22, 12 November 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]], and thank you both for your contributions and for reaching out! Yes, I did make the following changes to [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]: :* I moved the pages from the [[Eco-comm]] namespace to the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] namespace, since the table of contents and pages for a given book should be under that book's namespace. :* I removed the links to Wikipedia that were on [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]], since outlinking has been discouraged at en.Wikibooks as a matter of practice. Compilations of links may not fall into WB scope as an instructional text, and [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia|there is precedent for deleting them]]. But, I do see that the tool I used didn't just remove links to enWP, so I will restore the prior revision and ping the tool developer. :* I flagged it as needing denesting—you're right that nested entries can sometimes be appropriate. In this case, I was primarily flagging for a denest because the table of contents needs to be moved onto the main page, and it shouldn't have hidden navigation within the nested portions. :Could you clarify which of these edits you do not agree with so I can make sure they are individually addressed? As an aside, it could be helpful to create a [[Help:Local manuals of style|local manual of style]] for the book in order to clearly outline the expectations. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:59, 12 November 2025 (UTC) ::My main concern not about moving and flagging but '''deleting''' [[Eco-comm]] against [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] and not mentioning in the clarification even after my notification. Should I note all administrators [[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers]] - or will they do speedy deleting one by one until I make them individually addressed? :::The <u> local manual of style</u> development is ongoing together with the sample pages. ::'''MAIN PAGE''' ::The '''Main page''' and '''Namespace''' is the [[Eco-comm]]. The '''Full Title''' or '''Cover''' is [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]. Because of the high level of nesting the below extra-long-full-text-title to be avoided the Cover page is a redirection with preface/intro etc. ::'''NESTING ''' :::Featured book with 3 level nesting: [[Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education/Educational Change/Theory]] :::5 level nesting example: [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] ::'''Categories''' The [[:Category:Eco-comm]] will let the users make practical sub-categories e.g. [[:Category:Eco-comm/Project/numundo]] [[:Category:Eco-comm/]] ::: ::[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 03:44, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you for elaborating! I'm unfortunately not sure what you mean about deleting [[Eco-comm]]—are you referring to the fact that I moved it without leaving a redirect? Regarding the nesting, I do honestly think those other books you linked should have their navigation denested since I find their format difficult to parse, and they have some navigation issues. Looping in some other active admins (@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] (@[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]) so they can get eyes on this and voice anything they think is important. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:12, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::It makes no sense to have some crazy abbreviation as a "main page" or "namespace" (whatever that means in this context) for a book in order to allow it to be deep nested. Nobody needs to type the whole name of the nesting because that's what navigation templates do, and it is a simple matter to override the page title. I also take issue with the statement, above, "Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History." Anybody can edit, and nobody gets to own and control any work. Taken together, this complaint looks like a case of attempting to assert ownership and to operate against the normal practices of Wikibooks. As such, I am completely aligned with the changes made. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:49, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::::That. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 14:59, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] for the contribution, btw the [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] also looks crazy long, is'nt it? Lets continue in the [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/General]] keeping this page for personal messages. [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 23:07, 20 November 2025 (UTC) == Deletions of Wikibook subpages == Hello @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], regarding the [[Thesis Writing Guide]] subpage deletions, should I just recreate them when I keep working on them or was there an automatic deletion that we could undo? This document will grow, but really slowly. Best, Tim [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 11:37, 16 December 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]]! Since there was so little content on the deleted pages, my recommendation would just be for you to gradually recreate the chapters as you go. Does that make sense? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:54, 17 December 2025 (UTC) ::Makes sense, not my ideal solution, but also not far from it :) The end result will be the same, the in-between will just feel a little bit weird from time to time. ::Thank you for taking time to curate and quality-control Wikibooks - wishing wonderful holidays and a happy new year! [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 20:43, 17 December 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you, and happy holidays to you as well :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 17 December 2025 (UTC) == help with "Media Literacy and You" == {{re|Kittycataclysm}} What do I need to do to get a quality review of ''[[Media Literacy and You]]'', or whatever is needed to remove <nowiki>{{Qr-em|not clear how this is to be structured as a book}}</nowiki>? I ask, because you added that flag just over 2 hours after I created it. I later found that I had accidentally created it as an anonymous user. I've since started using my standard Wikiname, and I tried to respond to the requests both by creating a discussion on the "Discussion" page associated with that book and by upgrading the content. The upgrades included adding the "Introduction" chapter by revising an article on Wikiversity that convinced me to start this Wikibook. I have other articles that I plan to rewrite to create 9 of the remaining 11 chapters in the current table of contents, as indicated in this table of contents. ??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:23, 8 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]]! I removed the query flag, since this is clearly not a test page. I do have concerns about the suitability of this book for Wikibooks, since it seems to be more in line with essays and original research/analysis (which are [[Wikibooks:WIW|out of scope here]]). Wikiversity seems like a very suitable place for them—is there a specific reason you want to move them here? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:24, 8 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::This book is intended to accelerate the diffusion of [[w:Media literacy|media literacy]] by making it easier for humans to (a) access training materials and (b) connect with research on the most important issues that concern them and (c) discuss those issues with others who may believe differently in a nonthreatening context that encourages dialogue and a shared search for what can honestly be said about any particular issue. This is an extension of "The wisdom of polarized crowds" discussed in [[Wikipedia:Reliability of Wikipedia]]. ::I don't know about you, but I'm frightened by the collapse of nuclear arms control agreements since the year 2000, by global warming, by the threats of the Trump administration to invade Canada and Greenland, etc. If this book project is successful, it will make a material contribution to reversing these trends -- unless this kind of dialogue is [[v:Responding to a nuclear attack|interrupted by a nuclear war]]. === Who is DavidMCEddy === ::I'm a [[w:Vietnam veteran|Vietnam-era veteran]] with a PhD in statistics and a publication record for which [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Spencer-Graves-3 ReserchGate has found over 1,200 academic publications that have cited my work.] Since [https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/en.wikipedia.org/DavidMCEddy 2010 I have logged] * 6,000+ edits in each of Wikipedia and Wikiversity, * 1,000+ in Wikimedia Commons, * 30,000+ in Wikidata, and * almost 1,000 in other Wikimedia Foundation projects like Wikiquote and edits to the Spanish, French and German Wikipedias. This includes dozens of research reports posted to Wikiversity under [[v:Category:Freedom and abundance]] and 44 posts under [[v:Category:Media reform to improve democracy]] that provide a platform for documenting and discussing 44 episodes of a fortnightly "Media & Democracy" series of 29:00 mm:ss podcasts syndicated for the [https://pacificanetwork.org/stations-2/ Pacifica Radio Network] featuring the opinions of leading experts on the increase in political polarization and violence and what those experts think should be done about this. I've just posted another chapter to [[Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. I hope you will agree that this book can make a positive contribution to Wikibooks and to [[w:Jimmy Wales|Jimbo Wales]]' [[w:Wikipedia:Prime objective|Prime Directive]] to create "a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge." Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 01:19, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Thank you and I understand this, but I am asking why you think this material is more suitable at Wikibooks rather than at Wikiversity. From what I can see, Wikiversity seems like the more appropriate home for it given our [[Wikibooks:WIW|scope]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:59, 9 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::"Media Literacy and You" is textbook to support both self study and classes on media literacy. ::I have been posting content to Wikiversity since 2014 and have not encountered support there for books. A search just now turned up a hint of a book on Wikiversity, but I could not easily find anything on how to do it, etc. ::I think this "Media Literacy and You" project would lose the vast majority of its potential if it were not on Wikibooks. ::??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:22, 9 February 2026 (UTC) {{outdent}} {{re|Kittycataclysm}} Will you please help me with the protocols of creating a book on Wikiversity? 1. I have found documentation that claims that Wikiversity supports such. However, the documentation seems incomplete, potentially out of date, etc. For example, I could not see how to follow the instructions for [[Wikiversity:Help:Books#Step 1: Enable the "Book creator" tool]]. So I posted a question to [[Wikiversity:Help talk:Books]]. 2. What do you suggest I do next? :I can create an article on Wikiversity titled, "Media Literacy and You", and port everything I've posted to Wikibooks there, then replace the pages on Wikibooks with redirects to [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You]], [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/Introduction]], and [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. :If you think that's the best way to build this book project, great. It would actually be easier for me, because there would be less translation between what I already have on Wikiversity and a version for Wikibooks. (Also, Wikiversity supports <nowiki>{{cite Q|...}}</nowiki>, which I have used extensively for years.) :Thanks for your help. [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 13:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Unfortunately, I am not familiar with the exact workings of Wikiversity, so I can't be much help there. My personal recommendation is that you ask there for help on how best to structure your materials to match the WV requirements. If you'd like some additional opinions/insight, please feel free to also check in at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General|reading room]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 10 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} I believe I have finished migrating all of ''Media Literacy and You'' to Wikiversity and replacing the parts of it on Wikibooks with redirects. Comments? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 17:32, 10 February 2026 (UTC) == Thank you! == Heya, thanks for reviewing my stuff! Just to note, the first lesson page was done and so that'll need moving. If you want to discuss anything with me, I am easily reachable on Discord @ xiluosi233. I can explain philosophy, approach, and so on from my teaching experience if you want anything regarding that. [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:48, 17 February 2026 (UTC) :It appears [[An Introduction to the Han Script]] was moved wrong - should it not be [[General Literary Chinese from Scratch/An Introduction to the Han Script]]? [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:52, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] good catch! I accidentally removed more of the title than intended. I've fixed this now. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:18, 18 February 2026 (UTC) == A test request == Just to see whether a recent Luna update turned out as intended, could you briefly revert your [[User:Kittycataclysm/lunaoptions.json|Luna preferences page]] to the first revision? Since you don't appear to have any custom preferences in the first place, I don't think there should be any conflicts. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 01:49, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :Done! But, it seems to have perhaps auto-updated again immediately afterwards. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:39, 10 April 2026 (UTC) == Linking == Hi,<br> For my edification, why is a link from [[Cookbook:nettle|nettle]] to [[w:Urtica_dioica|Urtica dioica]] not appropriate? The Wikipedia article has more information & seems relevant.<br> Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 01:53, 24 April 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] good question! Wikibooks discourages outlinking, since books should be self-contained units. Instead of linking to [[w:Urtica dioica]], the correct approach would be to flesh out the actual chapter here at Wikibooks. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:34, 24 April 2026 (UTC) ::Should all material in the Wikipedia article about Urtica dioica relevant to cooking be duplicated into the nettle article in the cookbook? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 02:30, 2 May 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] you could do that, although you should only include information that is sourced. However, I recommend that you wait, because I am coincidentally working on the page right now and fleshing it out significantly. I should publish today. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:40, 2 May 2026 (UTC) ::::The nettle page is better now. Thanks. ::::I still wonder, given that the link to ''The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, ...'' is permitted, why not a link to the botanically oriented page in Wikipedia. What if someone reads the Cookbook article and is interested in the toxin for example? Seems that non-Wikimedia references are more privileged than Wikimedia references. ::::Also, by chance, just noticed the [[w:Nettle_soup|Nettle soup]] article in Wikipedia. Better in the Cookbook? ::::Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 19:10, 5 May 2026 (UTC) :::::Another good question. The reason those books are linked is because they are reputable and topical sources for the subject matter (nettles as used in cooking from an instructional perspective), and the links are part of the citations—this makes it different from a simple outlink to a Wikipedia page. Wikipedia pages should also not be cited themselves as sources. Regarding nettle soup, I don't think it makes sense to have that as a standalone page here in the cookbook due to its encyclopedic tone, and I don't see any recipes there. Does this make sense? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:21, 6 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::Somewhat. Certainly a recipe wouldn't be incongruous in a cookbook. Still seems unhelpful that relevant information in Wikipedia is inaccessible from a Wikibook. In effect there's a "Berlin Wall" between two Wikimedia projects. Would a "See also" section be permissible? ::::::Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 14:00, 7 May 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:32, 28 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471751 --> == Undeletion request == Hello, I am writing to request an undeletion of the page Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad. You stated you are a frequent visitor of the Lentis page and are thus familiar with it. This page was part of a class assignment and was in progress at the time of deletion. The work deleted is what we will be graded on for our class, so we would appreciate the restoration. [[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] ([[User talk:Yqj3km|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Yqj3km|contribs]]) 19:36, 4 May 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] see my response below regarding undeletion. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC) == Undeletion request == About the page on Lentis called Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad: I, too, request undeletion, please. If the authors made any msitakes, the fault is 100 percent mine, for failing to guide them correctly. Like all chapters in this book, this team's chapter is a class assignment. I will be interested also in the reason for deletion so that I can guide authors better. I want to help my students be constructive contributors. Many thanks! [[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 20:03, 4 May 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Norton|Norton]] and thanks for the ping! I deleted it because it was not titled/filed correctly, so I didn't realize it was part of [[Lentis]]. I have undeleted it and moved it to [[Lentis/Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:14, 4 May 2026 (UTC) ::Many, many thanks, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am very grateful as always for everything you do for Wikibooks! ::[[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 22:27, 4 May 2026 (UTC) == Log in issues == Hi, messaging you as you seem to be the most active admin at the moment. I can't log in (as posted at <bdi>[[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance]] and also on my WP page at</bdi> [[w:User_talk:Xania]]). Seems to be an issue with extra security for admins? I am asked to use my authenticator app (which I can't as I have never set it up for Wikibooks) or a recovery code (which I don't have). Any idea what I should do in this situation? Xania [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28255-89|&#126;2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:21, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :Apologies for missing this yesterday! It seems like we have a few people working on it over in the reading room, and I'll keep track there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC) == Splitting pages == FYI, I untagged [[Art Print Production Methods]] as for splitting: the page is rather small with its 20 KB and does not need splitting, in my view. Ideally, there would be an operationalized, fairly detailed policy on the matter, but I do not know of one. Single-page books are in [[:Category:One-page books]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:45, 20 May 2026 (UTC) == <s>Slander</s> == <S>Your tag is slanderous and very easily proven wrong.</s>[https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654455] Given you likely didn't bother to look at the edit history, I would remind you that your given reason that you think it was AI is because you see the chapter is "numbered". That however was 100% my own personal decision after I reviewed my work and thought to myself that I later wrote in the introduction that there is a first to fourth chapter. However I thought to myself that the readers would not be easily made aware of what is meant by first to fourth as I didn't number them - so is why I dedicated an entire edit to make it less ambiguous [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654328]. I should not have to be falsely penalized because I wanted to be more considerate and ensure better clarity. I do however request AI to help me figure out coding like this - [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654329] as I don't know how to link. But I intentionally take great efforts to not rely on AI to write that book and find your wrongful presumptions troubling. [[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 06:00, 15 July 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] thank you for clarifying! I flagged it for review because it matched a common pattern we see associated with LLM use here. If that is not the case, then nothing needs to happen in that respect; however, you will likely want to fix the lists so that they are correctly formatted in the Wikitext and not hard-written—let me know if you have any questions about that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:14, 16 July 2026 (UTC) ::Yeah, I don't instantly understand what you mean by "correctly formatted" list. At first, I assumed you were referring to chapter 4 - (''Further reading'')? But I think I know what you mean. I made this edit here [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654738] to align with how I see wikibooks typically do lists. Did I fix it? If not, feel free to clarify.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 18:35, 16 July 2026 (UTC) ::I thought about how I responded earlier. Even tho I still disagree, I probably shouldn't have used such a tone. I imagine admins like yourself do a lot of work overseeing wiki and the project owes a lot to you guys. So I take back my harsh words, and I hope we're good.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 03:38, 17 July 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] I appreciate that—thank you! And thank you for [[Special:Diff/4654738|making those changes to the lists]], which was indeed what I was referring to. Happy editing! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:31, 17 July 2026 (UTC) == The Geoguide == I literally wrote all of this myself I used no AI if you want to you can highlight the areas that seem way too formal and ill fix them [[User:Kayden Swanson|Kayden Swanson]] ([[User talk:Kayden Swanson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kayden Swanson|contribs]]) 04:22, 18 July 2026 (UTC) :Thank you! I have removed the flag. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:41, 20 July 2026 (UTC) == Vandalism == your recent changes may not be constructive. {{Warning}} [[User:Duodeca 12|Duodeca 12]] ([[User talk:Duodeca 12|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Duodeca 12|contribs]]) 20:39, 2 August 2026 (UTC) == Your recent revert == Could you explain [[Special:Diff/4670314]]? This seems to be you ''restoring'' vandalism, which was originally introduced by [[Special:Diff/4669920]]. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 20:06, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :Good catch! Somehow I didn't have the most recent version of a page loaded, and it seems like Luna reverts the most recent edit of a page and not the specific edit you're viewing. The edit in question should be fixed now. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:11, 15 September 2026 (UTC) ::Sorry {{PAGENAME}} for butting in here, I hope you don't mind. ::Just wanted to mention that I have had a few similar experiences when editing (not having the most recent version of a page loaded). Once this caused me friction with an admin who was convinced I was willfully undoing their edit. This happened years ago on another wikimedia project. ::Ottawahitech [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 01:18, 16 September 2026 (UTC) == Confirmed user == <s>If this is one, could I perhaps be a confirmed user? The software has not granted me autoconfirmed, despite me having the requirements.</s> [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:50, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :This is not needed anymore, thank you! [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:58, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == Vandalism on Unicode/Character reference/1F000-1FFFF == I caught the LTA adding Unicode characters which aren't even approved, I undid it, and they reverted. Please semi-protect this page.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 15:33, 27 September 2026 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:Ruth Bulyaba M]] == Hello Kittycataclysm, I would like to bring to your attention the pages created by this user. I have used AI checkers to check if the page was created by AI, and it turned out to be positive. I have reached out to the user, to no response. Could you perhaps verify if their pages were created by AI? Thank you. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:26, 29 September 2026 (UTC) :Could you perhaps also check [[User:Matovu_Trevor/sandbox|this page]]? Many thanks. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:28, 29 September 2026 (UTC) ::After a cursory look, I do agree that these are LLM-generated. I'm starting to see an influx of editors who add LLM generated content to their sandboxes to take advantage of the fact that we are typically much more lenient about what editors do in their sandboxes. However, because I can't see any way for them to edit the material and publish it in a way that still complies with our policy, I'm inclined to delete them—we ban AI-generated ideas, and there is no way to alter the existing material in a way that circumvents that. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:33, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :::I will note, as an aside, that we do not rely on automated AI checkers, which have their own flaws—rather, we should be able to articulate exactly why we believe something to be in violation of the policy. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:34, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == Recipe == Hello Kittycataclysm, I have created a [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:MathsScienceNerd1/sandbox&oldid=4678337 recipe] that has been translated from nlwikibooks, and I do not know whether it is suitable for enwikibooks, other than it is a recipe of nlwikibooks and thus may conform to the Cookbook MoS over there. Could you perhaps check the page? Regards, --[[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 12:29, 26 October 2026 (UTC) ==[[:Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]]== {{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Kittycataclysm, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] "[[:Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)|Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]]".'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 11:33, 30 October 2026 (UTC)}} :Thank you for the flag! What was the reasoning for deletion here? I don't see it on the page itself. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:53, 3 November 2026 (UTC) ::Ah, my bad! I see it over at RfD. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:55, 3 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Curry Paste]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Curry Paste|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:23, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Doubanjiang]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Doubanjiang|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:29, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Seitan]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Seitan|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:30, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == Clarification Regarding Deleted Wikibooks Sandbox and Future Contributions == I understand there are issues with my sandbox due to deletion and the AI content policy of Wikibooks. However, I would like to contribute to the project by using my own work. If I were to make a new sandbox with the original content would that be ok? Please let me know what to do. Thanks [[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] ([[User talk:SandeepLPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SandeepLPU|contribs]]) 17:22, 5 November 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] and thanks for reaching out! You shouldn't just add back the originally deleted content, since that would still contain AI-generated materials. Instead, I recommend going back to the last point at which the content is entirely your own, and starting over with that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:31, 6 November 2026 (UTC) ::hi @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], actually it is a college acedemic project/assignment, where we (around 150 students) need to write a blog individually on elctronics topic, we are really sorry that this editing stuff were new to us especially in wikibooks, as gen'z were fully dependent on using AI, and growing with it. yeah we do know that we dont need to use AI, but i thought its a sandbox so taking help of AI is not a crime, using AI - the time complexity is reduced. now every students again writing the blog with their own efforts with out using AI. thanks@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] for detecting the errors and guiding us. [[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] ([[User talk:SandeepLPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SandeepLPU|contribs]]) 08:51, 7 November 2026 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Meat and Sausage Ragu with Pasta]] == How is this recipe incomplete? I added categories and links to other Wiki articles. It's both lengthy, accurate and delicious. I really don't have the time to make changes to it. If you delete it, I'm not going to bother writing recipes for Wikibooks anymore because that would make my effort a waste of time. [[User:Moby-Dick4000|Moby-Dick4000]] ([[User talk:Moby-Dick4000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Moby-Dick4000|contribs]]) 19:06, 7 November 2026 (UTC) 5uvjmwy4j38f9z0d7w5e4thbh4dq8ix 4680729 4680728 2026-11-07T19:09:34Z Moby-Dick4000 198746 /* Cookbook:Meat and Sausage Ragu with Pasta */ 4680729 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |Talk Page Archives |- |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2022|2022]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2023|2023]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2024|2024]] |} == That IP range calculator == Following [[phab:T381138|T381138]], I have now become the maintainer of the IP range calculator you like. You can find it [[toolforge:ftools/general/ip-range-calc.html|here]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:10, 9 January 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for the heads-up! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == A merge and unmerge from two years ago == I was browsing through the history merge log when I saw that you merged [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] into [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]], and then promptly reverted it. What happened here exactly? Could I correct it? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:55, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :Good question! I can't remember what I was trying to do, but it looks like I didn't succeed at what I wanted based on the log comment. You're just trying to history merge to get [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]] to have continuity of history? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:35, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::I think I figured out your mistake: it outright moved the revisions from the first page to the second, rather than copying them. This would have caused the other two [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] pages to have incomplete histories. I think the only solution would be to XML import the pre-April 2023 revisions from the first page to the other three, and I'm not sure if that's the best idea, and I am technically unable to do so. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 16:49, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == Undeletion request == I wouldn't be surprised if you expected this, but I'd like to ask you to undelete the subpages of [[Rotorcraft Fundamentals]] you just deleted with the summary "Use of copyrighted work without permission. Please read Terms of Use: page needs to be imported for attribution", so that I can do that. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 19:54, 14 January 2025 (UTC) :Done! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:57, 14 January 2025 (UTC) ::Upon further investigation, this might actually be a rare case where an [[WB:UT|unmerged transwiki]] is ''preferred'' (this is part of why I stopped calling them "bad transwikis"), since only a small portion of the Wikipedia article (with over 2,000 revisions) was copied over. Importation is generally only needed if the ''majority'' of the page is copied across wikis. I'll just leave a null edit providing attribution and add {{tlx|Copied}}. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 21:19, 14 January 2025 (UTC) == Reusing [[Cookbook:8 Desserts in 1 Pan]] on wikiHow == Hi, I am a user on wikiHow, see [[wikihow:User:Xeverything11]]. I would like to create a new recipe on wikiHow. I wanted to let us know if I can give permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe from Wikibooks to wikiHow. I (as a copyright holder) created this recipe on Wikibooks, but you contributed to this recipe. If not, I'll use the revision before you contributed since I was the only author. Wikibooks uses CC-BY-SA 4.0 while wikiHow uses CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0, which both licenses are incompatible due to ShareAlike conditions. Thanks [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 08:27, 15 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] I'm personally fine with this as long as proper attribution is given back to the original recipe page here. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:52, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::I adapted this [[wikihow:Make-8-Desserts-in-1-Pan|recipe]] on wikiHow with attribution, and got a Rising Star (an achievement used for best new articles on wikiHow). Thank you! [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 19:49, 24 January 2025 (UTC) == Wikibooks community == Hi, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am trying to contribute more to English Wikibooks. My main contributions will focus on the Cookbook, especially on Indonesian recipes. Do you have a community group where we can discuss and share ideas together? I am looking forward to join. Thank you! [[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 08:47, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] Sorry I missed this, and welcome! Are you asking about a Cookbook-specific area for discussion? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:39, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Yes. Do you know place for this? ::Thank you ::[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 09:41, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :::Honestly, there's not a centralized Cookbook-specific discussion space, especially since there aren't currently a ton of active contributors. Some people ask questions at [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. I'm currently the most consistently active and involved Cookbook editor, so feel free to ask me questions! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 22 January 2025 (UTC) == Congratulations! == [[File:Admin T-shirt.svg|thumb|You get this now.]] You are now a permanent administrator. Welcome to the team (I am entitled to say this because I technically got the extension a few hours before you did)!{{FBDB}} [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 10:33, 29 January 2025 (UTC) :Thanks :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:29, 29 January 2025 (UTC) == Is there a way to contact a Steward on WikiBooks? == Hi {{PAGENAME}}, Is there a way to contact a Steward on WB? I tried to find who the active Stewards are here at [[Special:ActiveUsers?username=&groups%5B%5D=steward&wpFormIdentifier=specialactiveusers]] but nothing shows up. The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the [[Wikimania-wiki]], but I just visited the [[wikimania 2014 wiki]] and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the [[Wikimania 2014 main-page talk]] but disovered that the Stewards have protected it. Is there a way wikibookians can communicate with Stewards at WB? Thanks in advance for answering this non-urgent question, and apologies for all the red-links which I can bluify if needed. Cheers [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:37, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] You can ask this on somewhere like [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:01, 7 February 2025 (UTC) <s>:@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] seconding what Leaderboard said—we no longer have any active stewards at enWB.</s> Had a brain fade there and mixed up stewards with bureaucrats. Yes, meta is the place for this. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::@Kittycataclysm,@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], or anyone else: ::Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb. I myself am indef-blocked at META so could not participate at [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]] even if I waned to. ::Since [[Wikimania]] is a topic of interest to all members of the [[wikimedia movement]] why can't wikibookians talk to thier elected representatives here? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:56, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] I can check with the blocking admin to see if they'd be willing to unblock you, if you'd like. The reason things like these are done at Meta is that Meta is a cross-project coordination platform - stewards ''cannot'' be expected to watch every project after all. Now you could message any steward here on Wikibooks if you really wanted to, but that is not normally a good idea. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 02:26, 8 February 2025 (UTC) ::::Wikimania is the annual conference celebrating all the free knowledge projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). It is a wikimedia initiative which is meant to help all of our projects (including wikibooks), gain more readership, educate more wiki-editors, foster better communications, and much more. The wmf has been hosting a Wikimania-wiki dedicated to each Wikimania annual event since 2004. These wikis contain a wealth of information, but can benefit from wiki-improvements, starting from spelling and grammar errors that detract from their to appeal to the general membership. It would be nice if Stewards paid more attention to it. ::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], I truly appreciate your offer, but I posted this here not in order to get someone to advocate for one unblocking at META. As I said earlier: ::::* "Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb" ::::* "The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the Wikimania-wiki, but I just visited the wikimania 2014 wiki and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the Wikimania 2014 main-page talk but disovered that the Stewards have protected it" ::::I would much rather see more wikimedia members question blocking in general at META. One cannot run such large movement of people from different backgrounds and nationalities simply by silencing minorities IMIO. [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:12, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Crystal ball]] == That page appears to be a mixture of isolated paragraphs from [[w:Crystal ball|Crystal ball]], hence my tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 03:04, 9 February 2025 (UTC) :Yep, that seems correct! I also queried it simply because it does not seem suitable for inclusion at all. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:09, 9 February 2025 (UTC) == Question about an edit suggestion == Hi Kittycataclysm, Thanks for the great work you do as an admin! I wanted to clarify a suggestion you made on a recently published page I’m working on. You recommended splitting it into smaller sections—would you suggest creating separate pages for these sections, or would a higher-level header for some topics be sufficient? Any specific recommendations you have would be greatly appreciated! Here’s the link to the page I’m referring to: [[Funding and Finance of Transportation Projects in the United States of America]] Thank you! [[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]] ([[User talk:Svrmustafa|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Svrmustafa|contribs]]) 18:19, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]], and thanks for asking! Splitting refers to creating new pages, each with a smaller amount of content. The main page should then contain a table of contents, and each page can contain a navigation template for easier navigation. I'll create the table of contents based on the current work and move some content to one of those pages as an example for you; then, you can do the rest. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:26, 19 February 2025 (UTC) ::Following up on this—I noticed that you use the term "paper". However, technically Wikibooks hosts books not papers, so you should probably change this wording. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:38, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Talkback == {{Talkback|Cookbook talk:Chilli Crab|Recipe Questions}} [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 09:54, 19 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] I also made [[Cookbook:Prata|this]] [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:15, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Hello == Can you look at my latest recipe? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 00:10, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :I saw it! It needs a few corrections, which I'll note. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:23, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] How do you write recipe summary, correct headers [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 06:04, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :::Please see [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template]]. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:08, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::::ok [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 02:33, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook == Hi there, Kittycataclysm. I wandered over here from Wikipedia, and I'm quite enamoured with this cookbook. I noticed you seem to be the one maintaining it, and I thought I'd reach out. Can I really just start cranking out recipes from public domain cookbooks and my family recipes? It's that simple? I was also wondering about the featured recipes section. There's not very many in there, and I imagine there's not very many folks around to do reviews compared to GAR on Wikipedia. How do you handle content review? Thanks. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:51, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] and welcome! For some context, the Cookbook has been around since the very beginning of Wikibooks, but it had gotten into a bit of disarray over the course of about two decades by the time I found it. I started the long process of overhauling, standardizing, and expanding it just over four years ago—I finished standardizing the recipe formatting and quality a while back and am currently working my way through the ingredient pages before moving on to equipment, techniques, and cuisines. You can absolutely add any public domain recipes as well as your own recipes—they just need to conform to the [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template|recipe template]] and [[Cookbook:Policy|Cookbook policy overall]]. It's even better if you've made the recipe and can contribute a nice picture and specific guidance/instructions/notes! Please feel free to ask me any questions. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::Oh, and regarding the featured recipes section, I actually haven't gotten around to looking into that yet—there's been a lot to do! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:28, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::That's great, thanks a lot for your response. This is just delightful. Maybe content review is something that we could collaborate on. There's a lot of recipes in here and it would be nice to know which ones are the best. Question for you, [[:Category:Brown sauces]] is really bothering me. How can I move that to Brown sauce recipes? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:29, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::Good catch on that category! It seems like it was created two decades ago and never got corrected—feel free to recategorize those recipes. Thank you also for introducing the hideprefix parameter to the category trees—I didn't realize that was an option, and it reduces the visual clutter! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::My pleasure! As I continue to look at the categories, this is actually worse than I thought. We have both [[:Category:Sauce recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes for condiments]] and I suspect that's just the beginning. I want to go through and categorize everything properly, but the bones aren't even there... How long do I have to be here before it'll let me create and move around categories? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:40, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Regarding the categories, the category overhauling is in progress, since I address the category when I overhaul the associated page. The variation in titling is actually somewhat deliberate—I started changing it from "____ recipes" in certain cases to solve a particular categorization problem. Sometimes, there is an item that is used in recipes as an ingredient but for which there are also recipes. For example, [[:Category:Recipes for bread]] versus [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]. The different naming scheme is necessary to properly delineate the categories, and I'm working on implementing it a bit more consistently as I go. While you're still getting started, it would be great if you could check with me when something looks odd or out of place—that way I can take a look and weigh in on whether that's normal or not and maybe provide some context. Just off the top of my head, I think you will have to wait for autoreview status to make move changes. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::I see what you're saying, I've been trying to wrap my head around that. Maybe it would be beneficial to try to put together some sort of a Cookbook MOS regarding category structure? It's kind of all over the place right now. Using your bread example, would it perhaps make more sense to have [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]? There would be no ambiguity with just those two categories, but when you add the extra [[:Category:Recipes for bread]], that's when things start getting a little whacky. What do you think? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:05, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::Either that or get rid of [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and keep the other two. But one of these categories gotta go, I reckon. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:07, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I see you already had the same thought as me. I think all categories should include "for" or "using". Take for example, [[:Category:Recipes for pancakes]] as opposed to [[:Category:Pancake recipes]]. Well obviously there's no recipes using pancakes. But for something like [[:Category:Recipes for gravy]], there may also be a need for [[:Category:Recipes using gravy]]. The lack of consistency in this regard means the only way to achieve consistency across the categories is by changing them over to that format. Sorry for clogging up your talk page! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:18, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Same heads-up as below—migrating this over to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:10, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :Also, on [[Cookbook:Table of Contents]], could you please add a wikilink for [[Cookbook:Breakfast]], and maybe add cooknav to the top for seamless navigation between all the top level articles? Can't edit that article yet. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:47, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == More Table of Content Edits == Hello again. I've been going through everything and this is my list of suggestions for edits to the table of contents. Unfortunately there's not much else I can do for now, because without autoconfirmed my ability to change anything is very limited. I was going to ask for someone to check off the confirmed box for me at RfP but I can't post there either, so I guess I'll be back in four days. * Fix Bread wikilink * Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing * [[Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Low-Carb]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] to [[Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine]] for parity * Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting * Create [[:Category:Lunch recipes]], wikilink to ToC * Wikilink [[Cookbook:Dessert]] under Meals * Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category * Create [[Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine]] so I can add the recipes from [[:Category:East Asian recipes]] to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC * Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction" * Appendix and Equipment sections switch places Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:46, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :I took the liberty of doing it myself in my userspace. You can just copy it over from [[User:MediaKyle/sandbox]]. Figured I'd save you the trouble of trying to figure out what I'm talking about. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 14:15, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Circling back to this! It seems like your suggestions are getting at a couple different things. I'll try to go through them point-by-point below: :* {{xt|Fix Bread wikilink}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing}} see below comments on TOC. :* {{xt|Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for now because I don't fully understand the urgency and I want to triage/prioritize things for you, but please feel free to make this change yourself once you can! :* {{xt|Cookbook:Low-Carb points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for same reason as above. :* {{xt|Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean to Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine for parity}} {{not done}} for now just because we do have a lot of cuisine pages that follow the form "Cuisine of ____". It could be good to standardize, and I had been planning to do that once I got around to the cuisines. :* {{xt|Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting}} {{not done}} for same reason as other redirects :* {{xt|Create Category:Lunch recipes, wikilink to ToC}} Not quite sure what you mean here, and I didn't see what it corresponded to in your linked sandbox page :* {{xt|Wikilink Cookbook:Dessert under Meals}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category}} I'm not sure about this—brunch is in many places considered a separate entity, and I don't necessarily think it would cause confusion. But, overall it's hard to determine whether it should have its own page and TOC link because I haven't actually gotten around to evaluating the meal pages and what role they should play. See also the TOC notes below. :* {{xt|Create Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine so I can add the recipes from Category:East Asian recipes to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC}} {{done}} for now; however, I'm not sure yet whether it will ultimately make sense to keep that as a content page. I think content pages should be reasonably focused, and it may not be the best to have a cuisine page that is so broad. This is something I planned to consider once I made my way around the overhauling the cuisines. :* {{xt|Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction"}} The reason I made it "Introductory Matter" instead of "Introduction" is because there's already a chapter itself titled "Introduction"—it felt odd to have the entire section titled that as well. Happy to discuss other header options (e.g. "Front Matter", which is a generally accepted book term) :* {{xt|Appendix and Equipment sections switch places}} see below comments on TOC. :* '''Comments on the TOC:''' So, I think a fundamental issue with the current TOC is that it somewhat arbitrarily picks and chooses individual pages to link. It also sometimes direct-links to categories and sometimes to content pages, which I don't think we should do. Because the cookbook is so expansive, it's been established that manual indices intending to capture detail in large areas don't really make sense and quickly get bulky and out-of-date. This is why categorytree is such a useful tool! After thinking on it for a while and making some small tweaks, I think I'd ultimately like to overhaul the TOC and come to a solution that keeps a few broad headers/links to the small handful of the primary content pages while perhaps stashing away more detailed and self-updating lists in a collapsible way to reduce clutter but allow for customizable user navigation. Much to think about, and I'll probably workshop some things on the side to see how they feel. :Let me know if I've misunderstood anything! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:24, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for the notes! Here's my thoughts: ::* On the Cuisine titling, it actually seems like [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] and [[Cookbook:East Asian cuisines]] are the only ones that don't follow the naming scheme, i.e. "[[Cookbook:African Cuisine]]", and I think that shorter titles are preferable where it makes sense. ::* On your note about East Asian Cuisine, I actually had the same thought after going through the cuisine pages. Having three separate pages for different kinds of Asian cuisine does seem a little silly, doesn't it? Do you think it might be better to combine all of them under one "Asian Cuisine", but put the different locales under separate headers? ::* On Brunch - I honestly think there's way too much ambiguity around what exactly constitutes as "brunch" to keep that in. I feel as though the term brunch more applies to the time you're eating, rather than the kind of food. I think it would be easier to keep meals that include commonly accepted breakfast foods in the Breakfast category, and things that don't fit neatly into that, into the Lunch category. This would prevent any dilemmas in the future where we can't decide whether something is breakfast or brunch. ::* You're right that it looks a little awkward to have the header as Introduction when there's a page called introduction. I still think that to say "Introductory Matter", or "Front Matter" as you mentioned, is a little long-winded and reflects a more academic tone than needed for a cookbook. Upon further reflection, I think maybe rather than worrying about the header at this point, we should perhaps think about trying to compile all of those short introductory type pages into one comprehensive introductory page. Then we likely won't even need a header for it on the ToC. ::* The ToC is definitely a bit cluttered, and it bothers me too that there's a real lack of consistency across whether the wikilinks lead to a page or a category. I'm not sure how I would feel about cutting away too much of the navigation from it, though, because just about every page on there does have a reason to be there, it's just that they're not presented very nicely. Some of it can certainly get nested or combined though. I'll play around with it over the next few days in my sandbox as well and let you know if I come up with anything. ::* As an aside, the first thing on my to-do list once my autoconfirmed comes through is to start subcategorizing all of the recipes so that they're all nicely sorted in the category trees. When you have a chance, I'd love to hear your thoughts on what we should use as the standard naming for categories. Once we determine this, I think we can also take the liberty of updating the cookbook MoS to reflect it. ::Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:33, 3 March 2025 (UTC) :::Note: After writing this, I realized what you were getting at about slashing away some of the subpages. Maybe we can come up with a system where all of those subpages are under their main subpage rather than on the ToC. For example, all the Cuisines are under [[Cookbook:Cuisines]], all techniques under [[Cookbook:Cooking Techniques]], to keep the subpages off the main ToC. Also, I wonder if maybe we should try to make a centralized discussion for this somewhere, in case anyone else wants to join in at some point? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:45, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::Heads-up: to make it easier to keep track of these and since I think they deserve their own discussions, I'm going to gradually migrate them over individually to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:52, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Good idea. Can you remove the semi-protection from that talk page? I see no reason why it should be protected. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:23, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook ToC == Hi [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]. I was just wondering why you didn't respond to my above message, and started a separate sandbox for the ToC instead? It seems as though you don't really want to collaborate. It would be nice if we could work on this together. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 22:43, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] thanks for the ping! I'm sorry you feel like I don't want to collaborate—the opposite is true, and please understand that this is good-faith editing. The reason I haven't responded to the above points is mostly since you've been modifying a bunch of content and adding suggestions lately, and I've been working my way through these while continuing with my routine contributions and real life as well—things happen a little more slowly here than on other projects, and I'm the one person dedicated to the cookbook right now. The reason I created that sandbox was because I saw [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#Modernize the shelves|your comment]] at the reading room and wanted to play around and think about your suggestion without touching the actual TOC. You're right that it's not the best, and it's been something I've been thinking about for a bit now. Please understand also that it can be overwhelming when a new editor unfamiliar with the Cookbook begins making a high volume of edits and suggestions without having much experience with it or its history—this isn't to say that you don't have good ideas or things worth contributing. In fact, you have already made a few helpful changes, as I've mentioned. I just want to do this properly and take the time to evaluate your suggestions together with the current efforts that are underway, and that can take a bit. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:03, 2 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for getting back to me. While I may be new to Wikibooks, I'm certainly not new to MediaWiki, and I've been working with small wiki projects for a number of years. Perhaps it's been a misunderstanding to some degree, but I've found my reception here to be unusually unwelcoming. The way to do this properly, as you said, would be to have discussions and form consensus. Yesterday, when you reached out to me about adding hideroot to the pages, I gave you my rationale and was more than happy to have a discussion about it, but you did not reply. I noticed a similar situation happened with [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_talk:Ottawahitech#Category_sorting Ottawahitech], regarding category sorting. I'm aware that you're the main person looking after the cookbook right now, which is why I reached out to you right from the get go. ::I understand why you would want to create your own sandbox to play around with options for the ToC, but I'm sure you can understand why it would draw my attention that you would do this without implementing any of the wikilink fixes I mentioned, or making an attempt to discuss it further. This came across to me as not wanting my help. ::I invite you to check out my page on Wikipedia. I've made contributions across quite a wide area of topics there, as well as the other Wikimedia projects, and this is the first time I've encountered any sort of resistance to my contributions. I think Wikibooks has enormous potential, and I'm very excited to contribute to helping it grow. On most projects, this would be something to be encouraged. I don't feel like "I'm sorry that you feel that way" was really an appropriate response. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:59, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :::I think you're right that this has been a mix of misunderstanding and miscommunication, and I think I can understand how things came across as unwelcoming! For whatever it's worth, I absolutely plan on circling back to the various discussions at hand (I have all the relevant pages open to return to), but it seems like the order I did things made it seem like I was ignoring you (if I'm understanding correctly). I am pretty busy, so sometimes items on my to-do list do get lost/shunted or it takes me a bit to get around to something—please don't hesitate to give me a ping if it seems like I'm taking a while to get back to something. Looking forward to more collaboration! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:49, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::I'm glad you can understand where I'm coming from. To clarify, my intent is not to try to rush you, or to try to push you to make changes that you don't agree with. It's really easy to misinterpret things over the Internet, and I think a short message can go a long way. I apologize if I've caused you any undue stress by coming into the cookbook and unleashing a flurry of alterations, but do rest assured that I'm not married to any of my changes, I'm always open for discussion, and I want to see the cookbook improve just like you do. The great thing about wikis is that no change is permanent. I think we'll have it in tip-top shape in no time! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:19, 3 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Polish Doughnuts (Paczki)]] == Do you see any reason not to just add this to Featured Recipes? At least we know this one works, and it seems like this is now one of the few recipes to have a picture that actually aligns with the recipe used. I was thinking later on we'll come up with a content review system where a couple editors will actually try the recipes nominated for FR, but in the absence of that I'd just add it to the list. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 12:25, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :I'm fine with adding it to the featured recipes. You're right that we'll want to come up with a good system for this going forward, though it's lower down on my personal priority list at moment. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Cream Cheese American Buttercream]] == Hi! I am a wikiHow user and I am planning to adapt this recipe to wikiHow. Since you contributed to this recipe, I wanted to know if I can get permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe. Thanks. [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 21:41, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] that's fine with me as long as proper attribution and linking back to the original recipe page here are included at the top. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:28, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[A Companion to Our Literary Journey]] == Hi! I feel that we have started to outline the scope in a clearer and more precise way and that’s the work we are going to do with the students this and for the next years, adding more sections and content. Do you think that would be enough? [[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]] ([[User talk:Ferdi2005|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ferdi2005|contribs]]) 22:43, 6 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]]! Yes, this seems to be reasonably outlined. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:51, 7 March 2025 (UTC) == Exercising care with copyright == When deleting a page as a copyright violation, it is important that you '''do not quote any content from the deleted page'''. If you do, then your log entry is itself a copyright violation. I have redacted a recent deletion that you performed because of this. If you want to make sure that none of your past deletions have been problematic for this reason, you can [[quarry:query/90444|run this SQL query]] to get a list of every deletion that could be eligible for redaction. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 18:32, 21 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] and thank you for the message. In the most recent instance that I think you're referencing, I do not see any material in the edit summary that posed a significant risk—I don't believe the few listed words would be a copyright concern. However, I do understand your concern! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:31, 21 March 2025 (UTC) == Splitting Pages == Hi I have recently made the book on the [[History of the Nawabs of Bengal]] and you gave a notice on how you believe it should be split into smaller bits. As I am still new to wikibooks I don't know how to do this. Can you please assist me on renaming the page so I can split the page into multiple pages? @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 19:47, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]]: You did it. I've removed the tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 22:44, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :Like @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] said, you're all set! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 29 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks! @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 10:24, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == Minecraft book == Is it good creating pages like this, [[Minecraft#Husk]]? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 12:43, 9 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] what do you mean? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:18, 10 May 2025 (UTC) ::are we allowed to create pages like that? like for every mob [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:02, 11 May 2025 (UTC) :::To be honest, I don't think the structure and formatting of the book is very good. Several of the mob pages, for example, have very little information and aren't particularly helpful on their own. If I were working on it, I would restructure the book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:09, 11 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I am planning to do that. [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 04:19, 12 May 2025 (UTC) == Request to Review Adjusted User Page (XoriantTeam) == Hello [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I hope you're well. I noticed that my user page ([[User:XoriantTeam]]) was recently deleted for appearing promotional or inappropriate for Wikibooks. Thank you for keeping the community standards in check. I’ve since revised the content with closer attention to neutrality and compliance with Wikibooks guidelines. My intent is to participate constructively, especially in areas related to digital engineering and educational content creation. If possible, I’d appreciate your help reviewing the revised version. I'm happy to share it or upload it as a file if there’s a preferred method. Please let me know how best to proceed. I welcome any suggestions and will gladly make further adjustments. Best regards, XoriantTeam [[User:XoriantTeam|XoriantTeam]] ([[User talk:XoriantTeam|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/XoriantTeam|contribs]]) 11:02, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :Hi there—you can publish an updated user page, but I'd caution you against talking about your company. Keep it limited to your involvement with Wikibooks. You may contribute productively here, but further promotional materials are grounds for an indefinite block. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:30, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == Planning to use AWB to update categories on the cookbook == Hello. I noticed in recent changes that you were moving some categories using HotCat (e.g. moving Category:Chile recipes to Category:Recipes using chile), which can be time-consuming. Therefore, I plan to help you with moving the cookbook categories by adding myself to enabledusers and enabledbots in [[Wikibooks:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON]]. Would this be fine if I assist you and to add myself to the check page? I am familiar with using AWB after testing on a non-Wikimedia project. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:42, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—thank you for the tip! I just installed JWB, so this should make my mass cat changes much faster. Thanks again! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:11, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for the information. Also, is it okay if I change (for example) [[:Category:Vinegar recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes using vinegar]] (I can redirect the former category to the latter), given that we should move {{tq|Category:[ingredient] recipes}} to {{tq|Category:Recipes using [ingredient]}} for consistency? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:57, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :::Sure thing—go ahead! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:53, 8 June 2025 (UTC) == Tool for even faster category changes == See [[:c:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot#As_your_user_gadget]]. I just [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:Koavf/common.js&action=history installed it] and used it dozens of times in a click. Let me know if you need any help. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:36, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] Thanks! I'm having a little trouble activating it, but I'll keep trying. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:54, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::A lot of times, a purge will do the trick. See [[:mw:Purge]]. Usually just <kbd>Ctrl+Shift+R</kbd> once or twice. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:55, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :::Took several purges, but we're set now! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:16, 19 June 2025 (UTC) == Advice on when I should run for adminship == Hi, I hope you are doing well. I am asking for some advice on when I should run for enwikibooks adminship, given the following below: Currently, I am doing some optimizations for dark mode on this project, and some of the message box/MediaWiki interface/template pages might be outdated, fully protected, or can use a little help using mw-parser-output. These unfortunately might hinder the process of updating these pages/templates for Vector 2022's dark mode.<br> Additionally, I have a solid expertise with edit filters, as I have requested some administrators to update deprecated filter variables, switching filters from warn and disallow to disallow only, and I can also monitor the filter log for potential false positives (from local or global filters). A fellow English Wikibooks administrator also said to me that they are willing to support me in a few months when I run for adminship, as I am generally trusted. I hold two advanced global permissions, and I hold an edit filter helper permission on the English Wikipedia, to be sure. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:02, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—good question! I agree that you are a trusted user, and I think it would be reasonable for you to run for adminship, especially given our need to fix up technical aspects of the project. If you don't plan to commit to Wikibooks long-term (i.e. you have some projects you'd like to take a few months to complete and then be done), you can always request temporary adminship. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:30, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for your feedback, but I also plan to monitor for vandalism/spam, and to commit to reduce the administrative assistance reading room backlog, should I be elected for adminship (and I forgot to mention those). Anyway, regarding your feedback, I might run by August or even July, given that I've lately started contributing more often to Wikibooks. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) ::: [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I am pinging you one more time to see if you have read my response above yours. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:34, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]! I'm not sure what you mean—was there an additional question you had? Everything you've outlined seems quite reasonable. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:26, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::: Apologies for the confusion, I don't have any questions to ask. I was clarifying that I can help with implementing edit requests and to block obvious vandals and spammers, aside from the skills I mentioned earlier. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:32, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == how is it you feel able to interfere in my sandbox? == you deleted a page in my sandbox that was my way of providing my response to a request from an OpenSCAD dev team leader for a couple of text blurbs for use on a web page of the OpenSCAD site. now that you have deleted my page i have to recreate the texts from a screenshot to be able to offer the suggestions, which i will This kind of high handed treatment is what keeps me from being a wiki-anything contributor .. If it is Wiki policy to interfere in the documentation of an open source project because it is hosted on Wikibooks then i will take up the task of moving our online docs to a site where you cannot interfere. -- [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 21:56, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]]—thanks for bringing this to my attention. I now understand that this was intended to be in your user namespace—I've undeleted it and moved it to the correct namespace for you. Let me know if anything else comes up! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::ah .. err .. umm .. well that is a gentle answer to my ire. Thanks for being so gracious [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::and .. isn't my sandbox in my namespace by default? [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:30, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::No worries—it looks like you didn't add the prefix "User:" before writing out the full page titles, so the pages you created were technically in the project's Main space with the official published materials. Going forward, you can just double-check that the page title starts with "'''User:'''VulcanWikiEdit/sandbox", and that should keep everything in the right place! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::BTW .. i love the play on cat lover name [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 15:35, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :::::Thank you! That's very kind. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:46, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Regarding the user Codename Tameirao == Could this be Matthew again (the Unicode LTA)? I believe it might be him based on his usage of edit summaries, and his usual edits to [[Unicode/Versions]]. I just blocked his recent account, and then I protected and stabilized that Unicode book. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 23:51, 12 August 2025 (UTC) :I suspect you're right! That seems like a reasonable course of action. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:56, 13 August 2025 (UTC) :: I recently encountered another possible LTA, see [[Special:Contributions/~2025-55706-6]] (as well as [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]]). I can email you more details if you want. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 16:30, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::I think this is the same LTA, yes! I've protected [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]], but I think it would be a good idea if we could automate this monitoring somewhat using the edit filter. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:07, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::: I don't think that was Matthew, as he typically uses edit summaries. The deleted page was not protected, as it was protected before you deleted it; I salted it from creation for one year. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 20:22, 9 September 2025 (UTC) ::::: You might want to look at [[Special:Contributions/Freddy Fazbearing Others]]. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:18, 26 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::Thank you! I went ahead and blocked them. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:54, 28 October 2025 (UTC) == IP block exempt == Hi Kitty, I currently have IP block exemption on enwiki, Commons and Wikidata as I use VPNs connected to my internet security software. Can you please grant me the right on wikibooks. I have a strong password and use two factor authentication. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 10:51, 22 August 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TarnishedPath|TarnishedPath]]! This doesn't sound unreasonable to me, but I think it would be good if you requested at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]] so we can have a discussion—I have not granted this right before. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::Kitty, thanks for pointing me in the right direction. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 03:25, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::See [[Wikibooks:Requests_for_permissions#TarnishedPath_(discuss_·_contribs_·_count_·_logs_·_block_log_·_rfp_·_rights)_(IP_Block_Exemption)]] ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 03:35, 23 August 2025 (UTC) == You've got mail! == {{You've got mail|sig=<span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 00:20, 6 September 2025 (UTC)}} :Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:06, 6 September 2025 (UTC) == Are you able to import? == I made a few requests over at https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_import . [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 22:32, 4 October 2025 (UTC) : [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]], I'll go ahead and start the imports. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:29, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you for your help [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:51, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::: My apologies for not doing this sooner, because some database error appears when I am trying to mass import. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:39, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::::I also tried to make this import earlier and ran into issues with the software. I was hoping it was a temporary bug, but it seems to be persisting. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:01, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::This seems like I should get involved. {{working}}... [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 13:11, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::: I believe there are five pages that have massive page histories they fail to import here. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::::I backed up the XMLs of them locally but im unsure how much that'd do. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:18, 6 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Just became an importer. The reason is prob understandable but I cannot upload the XML file to here locally. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 17:23, 10 October 2025 (UTC) == About the category parameter in the recipe summary template == When it uses a "recipe by type" category, should it use a "[type/food] recipes" name or "Recipes for [type/food]"? I recently operated JWB to change from [[:Category:Dessert recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes for dessert]] in multiple Cookbook recipes, and from what I've said before, I've changed to ''Recipes for dessert'' in the category parameter of Cookbook recipes. Hope you don't mind that this was over more than 250 changes (not counting the recent category changes after moving some recipe categories). Thanks. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:07, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—those JWB changes you made seem fine to me! I'm not quite sure what you're asking in your first sentence, though. Assuming I understand correctly: in general, I think the default format should be whatever the actual category name is. BUT if there is a redirect, it ultimately shouldn't matter too much. And, because I'm not convinced of the utility of that infobox parameter in the first place (thinking of removing it), I'm not hugely concerned about it for the time being. Does this help? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:21, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :: Probably, but I will say the following below (for my first sentence) to clarify: :: On the <code>|category =</code> parameter, when placing a recipe category name, should it either be {{tq|Sandwich recipes}} or {{tq|Recipes for sandwiches}}? I hope this clears the confusion. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:39, 27 October 2025 (UTC) == Please no more Unicode LTA == Please don't block me again. I promise I will edit Unicode stuff and add correct information. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-30839-28|&#126;2025-30839-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-30839-28|talk]]) 20:54, 1 November 2025 (UTC) :<small>I am a bit out of the loop, so correct me if I'm wrong - I'm assuming here</small> I think the point is that they want you to ''not'' edit the Unicode stuff? Also hi kitty, it's been a ... very long time.. <sup>&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]</sup> / <sub>[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]</sub> 01:13, 5 November 2025 (UTC) ::Ok so apparently not as long as I thought, but it feels like I've been away for at least a year lol <sup>&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]</sup> / <sub>[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]</sub> 01:23, 5 November 2025 (UTC) :::Nice to see you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:41, 5 November 2025 (UTC) == Administrator and reviewer user right combinations are not needed anymore == Given that administrators can review edits in addition to reviewers, I would suggest for you (and other administrators) to kindly remove the reviewer permission from (own) accounts. What I'm saying is that if one holds administrator and reviewer permissions together, they can remove the reviewer permission from their own account and retain their administrator permission. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:06, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :Gotcha—is there a reason it's bad for one user to have both these rights? If so, I can remove my reviewer right. Otherwise, it seems fairly harmless? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:26, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :: The thing is, administrators have the <code>review</code> user right, as well as some permissions in the reviewer user group in the administrator toolset. That means that having the reviewer user group together with the admin user group is redundant. Hope this explains it. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:59, 11 November 2025 (UTC) ::: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] <s>I'll do this tomorrow morning, as well as to remove autoreviewed user permissions from users who are reviewers.</s> ({{doing}}) [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:24, 12 November 2025 (UTC) : I have removed the autoreviewed user permission from users who are reviewers. As for administrators, I will do so later today. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:40, 13 November 2025 (UTC) == Nesting in Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities == Hi Kittycataclysm, I am editor of wikipedia since 2004. We have the habit if we have a concern using the talk page to clarify the case. I am not sure to delete meaningful content without previous notification and doing major redirection without agreeing the main contributor(s) is an adequate admin act and sign of good manner of host (see [[W:Wikipedia:Etiquette|Wikipedia:Etiquette]].) Yes, It will be not an average book but above the regular. This is the exact case: ''"this may be appropriate, such as with large textbooks that contain subsections with a lot of content."'' ''for to establish good structural and stylistic practices'' I have a data management certification. If you asking it will have 4 nest level on strict purpose. If you saw the introduction of the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] is/will be a global collection making effective collaboration over borders and continents. One structured + categorized(!) page for each community willing to show up. The Postal addresses has also same or larger deepness, this is unavoidable (Country/Postal Code/Location/Street/House/floor/door). Here will looks like: '''Eco-comm/Continent/Regio code/Community name''' The goal of this system to open bridge + experience highway for the communities using the same permaculture technics what collected parallelly in [[Open Book of Permaculture]]. That is also part of this knowledge base please dont do simplification steps on that without discussion. I am kindly asking to revert your edits in this book. After that I will put a notification template about "This book is under construction with major changes. Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History. Common clarifications/ guides are on the primary talk page." Thanks: [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 02:22, 12 November 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]], and thank you both for your contributions and for reaching out! Yes, I did make the following changes to [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]: :* I moved the pages from the [[Eco-comm]] namespace to the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] namespace, since the table of contents and pages for a given book should be under that book's namespace. :* I removed the links to Wikipedia that were on [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]], since outlinking has been discouraged at en.Wikibooks as a matter of practice. Compilations of links may not fall into WB scope as an instructional text, and [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia|there is precedent for deleting them]]. But, I do see that the tool I used didn't just remove links to enWP, so I will restore the prior revision and ping the tool developer. :* I flagged it as needing denesting—you're right that nested entries can sometimes be appropriate. In this case, I was primarily flagging for a denest because the table of contents needs to be moved onto the main page, and it shouldn't have hidden navigation within the nested portions. :Could you clarify which of these edits you do not agree with so I can make sure they are individually addressed? As an aside, it could be helpful to create a [[Help:Local manuals of style|local manual of style]] for the book in order to clearly outline the expectations. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:59, 12 November 2025 (UTC) ::My main concern not about moving and flagging but '''deleting''' [[Eco-comm]] against [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] and not mentioning in the clarification even after my notification. Should I note all administrators [[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers]] - or will they do speedy deleting one by one until I make them individually addressed? :::The <u> local manual of style</u> development is ongoing together with the sample pages. ::'''MAIN PAGE''' ::The '''Main page''' and '''Namespace''' is the [[Eco-comm]]. The '''Full Title''' or '''Cover''' is [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]. Because of the high level of nesting the below extra-long-full-text-title to be avoided the Cover page is a redirection with preface/intro etc. ::'''NESTING ''' :::Featured book with 3 level nesting: [[Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education/Educational Change/Theory]] :::5 level nesting example: [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] ::'''Categories''' The [[:Category:Eco-comm]] will let the users make practical sub-categories e.g. [[:Category:Eco-comm/Project/numundo]] [[:Category:Eco-comm/]] ::: ::[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 03:44, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you for elaborating! I'm unfortunately not sure what you mean about deleting [[Eco-comm]]—are you referring to the fact that I moved it without leaving a redirect? Regarding the nesting, I do honestly think those other books you linked should have their navigation denested since I find their format difficult to parse, and they have some navigation issues. Looping in some other active admins (@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] (@[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]) so they can get eyes on this and voice anything they think is important. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:12, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::It makes no sense to have some crazy abbreviation as a "main page" or "namespace" (whatever that means in this context) for a book in order to allow it to be deep nested. Nobody needs to type the whole name of the nesting because that's what navigation templates do, and it is a simple matter to override the page title. I also take issue with the statement, above, "Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History." Anybody can edit, and nobody gets to own and control any work. Taken together, this complaint looks like a case of attempting to assert ownership and to operate against the normal practices of Wikibooks. As such, I am completely aligned with the changes made. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:49, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::::That. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 14:59, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] for the contribution, btw the [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] also looks crazy long, is'nt it? Lets continue in the [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/General]] keeping this page for personal messages. [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 23:07, 20 November 2025 (UTC) == Deletions of Wikibook subpages == Hello @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], regarding the [[Thesis Writing Guide]] subpage deletions, should I just recreate them when I keep working on them or was there an automatic deletion that we could undo? This document will grow, but really slowly. Best, Tim [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 11:37, 16 December 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]]! Since there was so little content on the deleted pages, my recommendation would just be for you to gradually recreate the chapters as you go. Does that make sense? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:54, 17 December 2025 (UTC) ::Makes sense, not my ideal solution, but also not far from it :) The end result will be the same, the in-between will just feel a little bit weird from time to time. ::Thank you for taking time to curate and quality-control Wikibooks - wishing wonderful holidays and a happy new year! [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 20:43, 17 December 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you, and happy holidays to you as well :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 17 December 2025 (UTC) == help with "Media Literacy and You" == {{re|Kittycataclysm}} What do I need to do to get a quality review of ''[[Media Literacy and You]]'', or whatever is needed to remove <nowiki>{{Qr-em|not clear how this is to be structured as a book}}</nowiki>? I ask, because you added that flag just over 2 hours after I created it. I later found that I had accidentally created it as an anonymous user. I've since started using my standard Wikiname, and I tried to respond to the requests both by creating a discussion on the "Discussion" page associated with that book and by upgrading the content. The upgrades included adding the "Introduction" chapter by revising an article on Wikiversity that convinced me to start this Wikibook. I have other articles that I plan to rewrite to create 9 of the remaining 11 chapters in the current table of contents, as indicated in this table of contents. ??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:23, 8 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]]! I removed the query flag, since this is clearly not a test page. I do have concerns about the suitability of this book for Wikibooks, since it seems to be more in line with essays and original research/analysis (which are [[Wikibooks:WIW|out of scope here]]). Wikiversity seems like a very suitable place for them—is there a specific reason you want to move them here? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:24, 8 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::This book is intended to accelerate the diffusion of [[w:Media literacy|media literacy]] by making it easier for humans to (a) access training materials and (b) connect with research on the most important issues that concern them and (c) discuss those issues with others who may believe differently in a nonthreatening context that encourages dialogue and a shared search for what can honestly be said about any particular issue. This is an extension of "The wisdom of polarized crowds" discussed in [[Wikipedia:Reliability of Wikipedia]]. ::I don't know about you, but I'm frightened by the collapse of nuclear arms control agreements since the year 2000, by global warming, by the threats of the Trump administration to invade Canada and Greenland, etc. If this book project is successful, it will make a material contribution to reversing these trends -- unless this kind of dialogue is [[v:Responding to a nuclear attack|interrupted by a nuclear war]]. === Who is DavidMCEddy === ::I'm a [[w:Vietnam veteran|Vietnam-era veteran]] with a PhD in statistics and a publication record for which [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Spencer-Graves-3 ReserchGate has found over 1,200 academic publications that have cited my work.] Since [https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/en.wikipedia.org/DavidMCEddy 2010 I have logged] * 6,000+ edits in each of Wikipedia and Wikiversity, * 1,000+ in Wikimedia Commons, * 30,000+ in Wikidata, and * almost 1,000 in other Wikimedia Foundation projects like Wikiquote and edits to the Spanish, French and German Wikipedias. This includes dozens of research reports posted to Wikiversity under [[v:Category:Freedom and abundance]] and 44 posts under [[v:Category:Media reform to improve democracy]] that provide a platform for documenting and discussing 44 episodes of a fortnightly "Media & Democracy" series of 29:00 mm:ss podcasts syndicated for the [https://pacificanetwork.org/stations-2/ Pacifica Radio Network] featuring the opinions of leading experts on the increase in political polarization and violence and what those experts think should be done about this. I've just posted another chapter to [[Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. I hope you will agree that this book can make a positive contribution to Wikibooks and to [[w:Jimmy Wales|Jimbo Wales]]' [[w:Wikipedia:Prime objective|Prime Directive]] to create "a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge." Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 01:19, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Thank you and I understand this, but I am asking why you think this material is more suitable at Wikibooks rather than at Wikiversity. From what I can see, Wikiversity seems like the more appropriate home for it given our [[Wikibooks:WIW|scope]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:59, 9 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::"Media Literacy and You" is textbook to support both self study and classes on media literacy. ::I have been posting content to Wikiversity since 2014 and have not encountered support there for books. A search just now turned up a hint of a book on Wikiversity, but I could not easily find anything on how to do it, etc. ::I think this "Media Literacy and You" project would lose the vast majority of its potential if it were not on Wikibooks. ::??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:22, 9 February 2026 (UTC) {{outdent}} {{re|Kittycataclysm}} Will you please help me with the protocols of creating a book on Wikiversity? 1. I have found documentation that claims that Wikiversity supports such. However, the documentation seems incomplete, potentially out of date, etc. For example, I could not see how to follow the instructions for [[Wikiversity:Help:Books#Step 1: Enable the "Book creator" tool]]. So I posted a question to [[Wikiversity:Help talk:Books]]. 2. What do you suggest I do next? :I can create an article on Wikiversity titled, "Media Literacy and You", and port everything I've posted to Wikibooks there, then replace the pages on Wikibooks with redirects to [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You]], [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/Introduction]], and [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. :If you think that's the best way to build this book project, great. It would actually be easier for me, because there would be less translation between what I already have on Wikiversity and a version for Wikibooks. (Also, Wikiversity supports <nowiki>{{cite Q|...}}</nowiki>, which I have used extensively for years.) :Thanks for your help. [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 13:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Unfortunately, I am not familiar with the exact workings of Wikiversity, so I can't be much help there. My personal recommendation is that you ask there for help on how best to structure your materials to match the WV requirements. If you'd like some additional opinions/insight, please feel free to also check in at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General|reading room]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 10 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} I believe I have finished migrating all of ''Media Literacy and You'' to Wikiversity and replacing the parts of it on Wikibooks with redirects. Comments? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 17:32, 10 February 2026 (UTC) == Thank you! == Heya, thanks for reviewing my stuff! Just to note, the first lesson page was done and so that'll need moving. If you want to discuss anything with me, I am easily reachable on Discord @ xiluosi233. I can explain philosophy, approach, and so on from my teaching experience if you want anything regarding that. [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:48, 17 February 2026 (UTC) :It appears [[An Introduction to the Han Script]] was moved wrong - should it not be [[General Literary Chinese from Scratch/An Introduction to the Han Script]]? [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:52, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] good catch! I accidentally removed more of the title than intended. I've fixed this now. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:18, 18 February 2026 (UTC) == A test request == Just to see whether a recent Luna update turned out as intended, could you briefly revert your [[User:Kittycataclysm/lunaoptions.json|Luna preferences page]] to the first revision? Since you don't appear to have any custom preferences in the first place, I don't think there should be any conflicts. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 01:49, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :Done! But, it seems to have perhaps auto-updated again immediately afterwards. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:39, 10 April 2026 (UTC) == Linking == Hi,<br> For my edification, why is a link from [[Cookbook:nettle|nettle]] to [[w:Urtica_dioica|Urtica dioica]] not appropriate? The Wikipedia article has more information & seems relevant.<br> Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 01:53, 24 April 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] good question! Wikibooks discourages outlinking, since books should be self-contained units. Instead of linking to [[w:Urtica dioica]], the correct approach would be to flesh out the actual chapter here at Wikibooks. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:34, 24 April 2026 (UTC) ::Should all material in the Wikipedia article about Urtica dioica relevant to cooking be duplicated into the nettle article in the cookbook? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 02:30, 2 May 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] you could do that, although you should only include information that is sourced. However, I recommend that you wait, because I am coincidentally working on the page right now and fleshing it out significantly. I should publish today. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:40, 2 May 2026 (UTC) ::::The nettle page is better now. Thanks. ::::I still wonder, given that the link to ''The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, ...'' is permitted, why not a link to the botanically oriented page in Wikipedia. What if someone reads the Cookbook article and is interested in the toxin for example? Seems that non-Wikimedia references are more privileged than Wikimedia references. ::::Also, by chance, just noticed the [[w:Nettle_soup|Nettle soup]] article in Wikipedia. Better in the Cookbook? ::::Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 19:10, 5 May 2026 (UTC) :::::Another good question. The reason those books are linked is because they are reputable and topical sources for the subject matter (nettles as used in cooking from an instructional perspective), and the links are part of the citations—this makes it different from a simple outlink to a Wikipedia page. Wikipedia pages should also not be cited themselves as sources. Regarding nettle soup, I don't think it makes sense to have that as a standalone page here in the cookbook due to its encyclopedic tone, and I don't see any recipes there. Does this make sense? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:21, 6 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::Somewhat. Certainly a recipe wouldn't be incongruous in a cookbook. Still seems unhelpful that relevant information in Wikipedia is inaccessible from a Wikibook. In effect there's a "Berlin Wall" between two Wikimedia projects. Would a "See also" section be permissible? ::::::Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 14:00, 7 May 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:32, 28 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471751 --> == Undeletion request == Hello, I am writing to request an undeletion of the page Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad. You stated you are a frequent visitor of the Lentis page and are thus familiar with it. This page was part of a class assignment and was in progress at the time of deletion. The work deleted is what we will be graded on for our class, so we would appreciate the restoration. [[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] ([[User talk:Yqj3km|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Yqj3km|contribs]]) 19:36, 4 May 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] see my response below regarding undeletion. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC) == Undeletion request == About the page on Lentis called Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad: I, too, request undeletion, please. If the authors made any msitakes, the fault is 100 percent mine, for failing to guide them correctly. Like all chapters in this book, this team's chapter is a class assignment. I will be interested also in the reason for deletion so that I can guide authors better. I want to help my students be constructive contributors. Many thanks! [[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 20:03, 4 May 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Norton|Norton]] and thanks for the ping! I deleted it because it was not titled/filed correctly, so I didn't realize it was part of [[Lentis]]. I have undeleted it and moved it to [[Lentis/Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:14, 4 May 2026 (UTC) ::Many, many thanks, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am very grateful as always for everything you do for Wikibooks! ::[[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 22:27, 4 May 2026 (UTC) == Log in issues == Hi, messaging you as you seem to be the most active admin at the moment. I can't log in (as posted at <bdi>[[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance]] and also on my WP page at</bdi> [[w:User_talk:Xania]]). Seems to be an issue with extra security for admins? I am asked to use my authenticator app (which I can't as I have never set it up for Wikibooks) or a recovery code (which I don't have). Any idea what I should do in this situation? Xania [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28255-89|&#126;2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:21, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :Apologies for missing this yesterday! It seems like we have a few people working on it over in the reading room, and I'll keep track there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC) == Splitting pages == FYI, I untagged [[Art Print Production Methods]] as for splitting: the page is rather small with its 20 KB and does not need splitting, in my view. Ideally, there would be an operationalized, fairly detailed policy on the matter, but I do not know of one. Single-page books are in [[:Category:One-page books]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:45, 20 May 2026 (UTC) == <s>Slander</s> == <S>Your tag is slanderous and very easily proven wrong.</s>[https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654455] Given you likely didn't bother to look at the edit history, I would remind you that your given reason that you think it was AI is because you see the chapter is "numbered". That however was 100% my own personal decision after I reviewed my work and thought to myself that I later wrote in the introduction that there is a first to fourth chapter. However I thought to myself that the readers would not be easily made aware of what is meant by first to fourth as I didn't number them - so is why I dedicated an entire edit to make it less ambiguous [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654328]. I should not have to be falsely penalized because I wanted to be more considerate and ensure better clarity. I do however request AI to help me figure out coding like this - [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654329] as I don't know how to link. But I intentionally take great efforts to not rely on AI to write that book and find your wrongful presumptions troubling. [[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 06:00, 15 July 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] thank you for clarifying! I flagged it for review because it matched a common pattern we see associated with LLM use here. If that is not the case, then nothing needs to happen in that respect; however, you will likely want to fix the lists so that they are correctly formatted in the Wikitext and not hard-written—let me know if you have any questions about that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:14, 16 July 2026 (UTC) ::Yeah, I don't instantly understand what you mean by "correctly formatted" list. At first, I assumed you were referring to chapter 4 - (''Further reading'')? But I think I know what you mean. I made this edit here [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654738] to align with how I see wikibooks typically do lists. Did I fix it? If not, feel free to clarify.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 18:35, 16 July 2026 (UTC) ::I thought about how I responded earlier. Even tho I still disagree, I probably shouldn't have used such a tone. I imagine admins like yourself do a lot of work overseeing wiki and the project owes a lot to you guys. So I take back my harsh words, and I hope we're good.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 03:38, 17 July 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] I appreciate that—thank you! And thank you for [[Special:Diff/4654738|making those changes to the lists]], which was indeed what I was referring to. Happy editing! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:31, 17 July 2026 (UTC) == The Geoguide == I literally wrote all of this myself I used no AI if you want to you can highlight the areas that seem way too formal and ill fix them [[User:Kayden Swanson|Kayden Swanson]] ([[User talk:Kayden Swanson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kayden Swanson|contribs]]) 04:22, 18 July 2026 (UTC) :Thank you! I have removed the flag. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:41, 20 July 2026 (UTC) == Vandalism == your recent changes may not be constructive. {{Warning}} [[User:Duodeca 12|Duodeca 12]] ([[User talk:Duodeca 12|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Duodeca 12|contribs]]) 20:39, 2 August 2026 (UTC) == Your recent revert == Could you explain [[Special:Diff/4670314]]? This seems to be you ''restoring'' vandalism, which was originally introduced by [[Special:Diff/4669920]]. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 20:06, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :Good catch! Somehow I didn't have the most recent version of a page loaded, and it seems like Luna reverts the most recent edit of a page and not the specific edit you're viewing. The edit in question should be fixed now. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:11, 15 September 2026 (UTC) ::Sorry {{PAGENAME}} for butting in here, I hope you don't mind. ::Just wanted to mention that I have had a few similar experiences when editing (not having the most recent version of a page loaded). Once this caused me friction with an admin who was convinced I was willfully undoing their edit. This happened years ago on another wikimedia project. ::Ottawahitech [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 01:18, 16 September 2026 (UTC) == Confirmed user == <s>If this is one, could I perhaps be a confirmed user? The software has not granted me autoconfirmed, despite me having the requirements.</s> [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:50, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :This is not needed anymore, thank you! [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:58, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == Vandalism on Unicode/Character reference/1F000-1FFFF == I caught the LTA adding Unicode characters which aren't even approved, I undid it, and they reverted. Please semi-protect this page.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 15:33, 27 September 2026 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:Ruth Bulyaba M]] == Hello Kittycataclysm, I would like to bring to your attention the pages created by this user. I have used AI checkers to check if the page was created by AI, and it turned out to be positive. I have reached out to the user, to no response. Could you perhaps verify if their pages were created by AI? Thank you. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:26, 29 September 2026 (UTC) :Could you perhaps also check [[User:Matovu_Trevor/sandbox|this page]]? Many thanks. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:28, 29 September 2026 (UTC) ::After a cursory look, I do agree that these are LLM-generated. I'm starting to see an influx of editors who add LLM generated content to their sandboxes to take advantage of the fact that we are typically much more lenient about what editors do in their sandboxes. However, because I can't see any way for them to edit the material and publish it in a way that still complies with our policy, I'm inclined to delete them—we ban AI-generated ideas, and there is no way to alter the existing material in a way that circumvents that. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:33, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :::I will note, as an aside, that we do not rely on automated AI checkers, which have their own flaws—rather, we should be able to articulate exactly why we believe something to be in violation of the policy. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:34, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == Recipe == Hello Kittycataclysm, I have created a [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:MathsScienceNerd1/sandbox&oldid=4678337 recipe] that has been translated from nlwikibooks, and I do not know whether it is suitable for enwikibooks, other than it is a recipe of nlwikibooks and thus may conform to the Cookbook MoS over there. Could you perhaps check the page? Regards, --[[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 12:29, 26 October 2026 (UTC) ==[[:Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]]== {{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Kittycataclysm, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] "[[:Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)|Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]]".'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 11:33, 30 October 2026 (UTC)}} :Thank you for the flag! What was the reasoning for deletion here? I don't see it on the page itself. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:53, 3 November 2026 (UTC) ::Ah, my bad! I see it over at RfD. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:55, 3 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Curry Paste]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Curry Paste|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:23, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Doubanjiang]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Doubanjiang|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:29, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Seitan]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Seitan|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:30, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == Clarification Regarding Deleted Wikibooks Sandbox and Future Contributions == I understand there are issues with my sandbox due to deletion and the AI content policy of Wikibooks. However, I would like to contribute to the project by using my own work. If I were to make a new sandbox with the original content would that be ok? Please let me know what to do. Thanks [[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] ([[User talk:SandeepLPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SandeepLPU|contribs]]) 17:22, 5 November 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] and thanks for reaching out! You shouldn't just add back the originally deleted content, since that would still contain AI-generated materials. Instead, I recommend going back to the last point at which the content is entirely your own, and starting over with that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:31, 6 November 2026 (UTC) ::hi @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], actually it is a college acedemic project/assignment, where we (around 150 students) need to write a blog individually on elctronics topic, we are really sorry that this editing stuff were new to us especially in wikibooks, as gen'z were fully dependent on using AI, and growing with it. yeah we do know that we dont need to use AI, but i thought its a sandbox so taking help of AI is not a crime, using AI - the time complexity is reduced. now every students again writing the blog with their own efforts with out using AI. thanks@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] for detecting the errors and guiding us. [[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] ([[User talk:SandeepLPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SandeepLPU|contribs]]) 08:51, 7 November 2026 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Meat and Sausage Ragu with Pasta]] == How is this recipe incomplete? I added categories and links to other Wiki articles. It's lengthy, accurate and delicious. I really don't have the time to make changes to it. If you delete it, I'm not going to bother writing recipes for Wikibooks anymore because that would make my efforts a waste of time. [[User:Moby-Dick4000|Moby-Dick4000]] ([[User talk:Moby-Dick4000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Moby-Dick4000|contribs]]) 19:06, 7 November 2026 (UTC) g5cwsamwrfue1wn7ajbgk8g9b0vuyya 4680732 4680729 2026-11-07T19:36:19Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 /* Cookbook:Meat and Sausage Ragu with Pasta */ Reply 4680732 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |Talk Page Archives |- |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2022|2022]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2023|2023]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2024|2024]] |} == That IP range calculator == Following [[phab:T381138|T381138]], I have now become the maintainer of the IP range calculator you like. You can find it [[toolforge:ftools/general/ip-range-calc.html|here]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:10, 9 January 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for the heads-up! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == A merge and unmerge from two years ago == I was browsing through the history merge log when I saw that you merged [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] into [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]], and then promptly reverted it. What happened here exactly? Could I correct it? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:55, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :Good question! I can't remember what I was trying to do, but it looks like I didn't succeed at what I wanted based on the log comment. You're just trying to history merge to get [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]] to have continuity of history? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:35, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::I think I figured out your mistake: it outright moved the revisions from the first page to the second, rather than copying them. This would have caused the other two [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] pages to have incomplete histories. I think the only solution would be to XML import the pre-April 2023 revisions from the first page to the other three, and I'm not sure if that's the best idea, and I am technically unable to do so. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 16:49, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == Undeletion request == I wouldn't be surprised if you expected this, but I'd like to ask you to undelete the subpages of [[Rotorcraft Fundamentals]] you just deleted with the summary "Use of copyrighted work without permission. Please read Terms of Use: page needs to be imported for attribution", so that I can do that. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 19:54, 14 January 2025 (UTC) :Done! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:57, 14 January 2025 (UTC) ::Upon further investigation, this might actually be a rare case where an [[WB:UT|unmerged transwiki]] is ''preferred'' (this is part of why I stopped calling them "bad transwikis"), since only a small portion of the Wikipedia article (with over 2,000 revisions) was copied over. Importation is generally only needed if the ''majority'' of the page is copied across wikis. I'll just leave a null edit providing attribution and add {{tlx|Copied}}. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 21:19, 14 January 2025 (UTC) == Reusing [[Cookbook:8 Desserts in 1 Pan]] on wikiHow == Hi, I am a user on wikiHow, see [[wikihow:User:Xeverything11]]. I would like to create a new recipe on wikiHow. I wanted to let us know if I can give permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe from Wikibooks to wikiHow. I (as a copyright holder) created this recipe on Wikibooks, but you contributed to this recipe. If not, I'll use the revision before you contributed since I was the only author. Wikibooks uses CC-BY-SA 4.0 while wikiHow uses CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0, which both licenses are incompatible due to ShareAlike conditions. Thanks [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 08:27, 15 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] I'm personally fine with this as long as proper attribution is given back to the original recipe page here. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:52, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::I adapted this [[wikihow:Make-8-Desserts-in-1-Pan|recipe]] on wikiHow with attribution, and got a Rising Star (an achievement used for best new articles on wikiHow). Thank you! [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 19:49, 24 January 2025 (UTC) == Wikibooks community == Hi, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am trying to contribute more to English Wikibooks. My main contributions will focus on the Cookbook, especially on Indonesian recipes. Do you have a community group where we can discuss and share ideas together? I am looking forward to join. Thank you! [[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 08:47, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] Sorry I missed this, and welcome! Are you asking about a Cookbook-specific area for discussion? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:39, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Yes. Do you know place for this? ::Thank you ::[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 09:41, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :::Honestly, there's not a centralized Cookbook-specific discussion space, especially since there aren't currently a ton of active contributors. Some people ask questions at [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. I'm currently the most consistently active and involved Cookbook editor, so feel free to ask me questions! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 22 January 2025 (UTC) == Congratulations! == [[File:Admin T-shirt.svg|thumb|You get this now.]] You are now a permanent administrator. Welcome to the team (I am entitled to say this because I technically got the extension a few hours before you did)!{{FBDB}} [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 10:33, 29 January 2025 (UTC) :Thanks :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:29, 29 January 2025 (UTC) == Is there a way to contact a Steward on WikiBooks? == Hi {{PAGENAME}}, Is there a way to contact a Steward on WB? I tried to find who the active Stewards are here at [[Special:ActiveUsers?username=&groups%5B%5D=steward&wpFormIdentifier=specialactiveusers]] but nothing shows up. The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the [[Wikimania-wiki]], but I just visited the [[wikimania 2014 wiki]] and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the [[Wikimania 2014 main-page talk]] but disovered that the Stewards have protected it. Is there a way wikibookians can communicate with Stewards at WB? Thanks in advance for answering this non-urgent question, and apologies for all the red-links which I can bluify if needed. Cheers [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:37, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] You can ask this on somewhere like [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:01, 7 February 2025 (UTC) <s>:@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] seconding what Leaderboard said—we no longer have any active stewards at enWB.</s> Had a brain fade there and mixed up stewards with bureaucrats. Yes, meta is the place for this. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::@Kittycataclysm,@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], or anyone else: ::Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb. I myself am indef-blocked at META so could not participate at [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]] even if I waned to. ::Since [[Wikimania]] is a topic of interest to all members of the [[wikimedia movement]] why can't wikibookians talk to thier elected representatives here? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:56, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] I can check with the blocking admin to see if they'd be willing to unblock you, if you'd like. The reason things like these are done at Meta is that Meta is a cross-project coordination platform - stewards ''cannot'' be expected to watch every project after all. Now you could message any steward here on Wikibooks if you really wanted to, but that is not normally a good idea. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 02:26, 8 February 2025 (UTC) ::::Wikimania is the annual conference celebrating all the free knowledge projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). It is a wikimedia initiative which is meant to help all of our projects (including wikibooks), gain more readership, educate more wiki-editors, foster better communications, and much more. The wmf has been hosting a Wikimania-wiki dedicated to each Wikimania annual event since 2004. These wikis contain a wealth of information, but can benefit from wiki-improvements, starting from spelling and grammar errors that detract from their to appeal to the general membership. It would be nice if Stewards paid more attention to it. ::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], I truly appreciate your offer, but I posted this here not in order to get someone to advocate for one unblocking at META. As I said earlier: ::::* "Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb" ::::* "The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the Wikimania-wiki, but I just visited the wikimania 2014 wiki and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the Wikimania 2014 main-page talk but disovered that the Stewards have protected it" ::::I would much rather see more wikimedia members question blocking in general at META. One cannot run such large movement of people from different backgrounds and nationalities simply by silencing minorities IMIO. [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:12, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Crystal ball]] == That page appears to be a mixture of isolated paragraphs from [[w:Crystal ball|Crystal ball]], hence my tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 03:04, 9 February 2025 (UTC) :Yep, that seems correct! I also queried it simply because it does not seem suitable for inclusion at all. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:09, 9 February 2025 (UTC) == Question about an edit suggestion == Hi Kittycataclysm, Thanks for the great work you do as an admin! I wanted to clarify a suggestion you made on a recently published page I’m working on. You recommended splitting it into smaller sections—would you suggest creating separate pages for these sections, or would a higher-level header for some topics be sufficient? Any specific recommendations you have would be greatly appreciated! Here’s the link to the page I’m referring to: [[Funding and Finance of Transportation Projects in the United States of America]] Thank you! [[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]] ([[User talk:Svrmustafa|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Svrmustafa|contribs]]) 18:19, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]], and thanks for asking! Splitting refers to creating new pages, each with a smaller amount of content. The main page should then contain a table of contents, and each page can contain a navigation template for easier navigation. I'll create the table of contents based on the current work and move some content to one of those pages as an example for you; then, you can do the rest. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:26, 19 February 2025 (UTC) ::Following up on this—I noticed that you use the term "paper". However, technically Wikibooks hosts books not papers, so you should probably change this wording. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:38, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Talkback == {{Talkback|Cookbook talk:Chilli Crab|Recipe Questions}} [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 09:54, 19 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] I also made [[Cookbook:Prata|this]] [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:15, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Hello == Can you look at my latest recipe? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 00:10, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :I saw it! It needs a few corrections, which I'll note. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:23, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] How do you write recipe summary, correct headers [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 06:04, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :::Please see [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template]]. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:08, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::::ok [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 02:33, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook == Hi there, Kittycataclysm. I wandered over here from Wikipedia, and I'm quite enamoured with this cookbook. I noticed you seem to be the one maintaining it, and I thought I'd reach out. Can I really just start cranking out recipes from public domain cookbooks and my family recipes? It's that simple? I was also wondering about the featured recipes section. There's not very many in there, and I imagine there's not very many folks around to do reviews compared to GAR on Wikipedia. How do you handle content review? Thanks. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:51, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] and welcome! For some context, the Cookbook has been around since the very beginning of Wikibooks, but it had gotten into a bit of disarray over the course of about two decades by the time I found it. I started the long process of overhauling, standardizing, and expanding it just over four years ago—I finished standardizing the recipe formatting and quality a while back and am currently working my way through the ingredient pages before moving on to equipment, techniques, and cuisines. You can absolutely add any public domain recipes as well as your own recipes—they just need to conform to the [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template|recipe template]] and [[Cookbook:Policy|Cookbook policy overall]]. It's even better if you've made the recipe and can contribute a nice picture and specific guidance/instructions/notes! Please feel free to ask me any questions. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::Oh, and regarding the featured recipes section, I actually haven't gotten around to looking into that yet—there's been a lot to do! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:28, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::That's great, thanks a lot for your response. This is just delightful. Maybe content review is something that we could collaborate on. There's a lot of recipes in here and it would be nice to know which ones are the best. Question for you, [[:Category:Brown sauces]] is really bothering me. How can I move that to Brown sauce recipes? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:29, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::Good catch on that category! It seems like it was created two decades ago and never got corrected—feel free to recategorize those recipes. Thank you also for introducing the hideprefix parameter to the category trees—I didn't realize that was an option, and it reduces the visual clutter! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::My pleasure! As I continue to look at the categories, this is actually worse than I thought. We have both [[:Category:Sauce recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes for condiments]] and I suspect that's just the beginning. I want to go through and categorize everything properly, but the bones aren't even there... How long do I have to be here before it'll let me create and move around categories? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:40, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Regarding the categories, the category overhauling is in progress, since I address the category when I overhaul the associated page. The variation in titling is actually somewhat deliberate—I started changing it from "____ recipes" in certain cases to solve a particular categorization problem. Sometimes, there is an item that is used in recipes as an ingredient but for which there are also recipes. For example, [[:Category:Recipes for bread]] versus [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]. The different naming scheme is necessary to properly delineate the categories, and I'm working on implementing it a bit more consistently as I go. While you're still getting started, it would be great if you could check with me when something looks odd or out of place—that way I can take a look and weigh in on whether that's normal or not and maybe provide some context. Just off the top of my head, I think you will have to wait for autoreview status to make move changes. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::I see what you're saying, I've been trying to wrap my head around that. Maybe it would be beneficial to try to put together some sort of a Cookbook MOS regarding category structure? It's kind of all over the place right now. Using your bread example, would it perhaps make more sense to have [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]? There would be no ambiguity with just those two categories, but when you add the extra [[:Category:Recipes for bread]], that's when things start getting a little whacky. What do you think? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:05, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::Either that or get rid of [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and keep the other two. But one of these categories gotta go, I reckon. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:07, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I see you already had the same thought as me. I think all categories should include "for" or "using". Take for example, [[:Category:Recipes for pancakes]] as opposed to [[:Category:Pancake recipes]]. Well obviously there's no recipes using pancakes. But for something like [[:Category:Recipes for gravy]], there may also be a need for [[:Category:Recipes using gravy]]. The lack of consistency in this regard means the only way to achieve consistency across the categories is by changing them over to that format. Sorry for clogging up your talk page! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:18, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Same heads-up as below—migrating this over to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:10, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :Also, on [[Cookbook:Table of Contents]], could you please add a wikilink for [[Cookbook:Breakfast]], and maybe add cooknav to the top for seamless navigation between all the top level articles? Can't edit that article yet. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:47, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == More Table of Content Edits == Hello again. I've been going through everything and this is my list of suggestions for edits to the table of contents. Unfortunately there's not much else I can do for now, because without autoconfirmed my ability to change anything is very limited. I was going to ask for someone to check off the confirmed box for me at RfP but I can't post there either, so I guess I'll be back in four days. * Fix Bread wikilink * Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing * [[Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Low-Carb]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] to [[Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine]] for parity * Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting * Create [[:Category:Lunch recipes]], wikilink to ToC * Wikilink [[Cookbook:Dessert]] under Meals * Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category * Create [[Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine]] so I can add the recipes from [[:Category:East Asian recipes]] to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC * Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction" * Appendix and Equipment sections switch places Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:46, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :I took the liberty of doing it myself in my userspace. You can just copy it over from [[User:MediaKyle/sandbox]]. Figured I'd save you the trouble of trying to figure out what I'm talking about. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 14:15, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Circling back to this! It seems like your suggestions are getting at a couple different things. I'll try to go through them point-by-point below: :* {{xt|Fix Bread wikilink}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing}} see below comments on TOC. :* {{xt|Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for now because I don't fully understand the urgency and I want to triage/prioritize things for you, but please feel free to make this change yourself once you can! :* {{xt|Cookbook:Low-Carb points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for same reason as above. :* {{xt|Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean to Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine for parity}} {{not done}} for now just because we do have a lot of cuisine pages that follow the form "Cuisine of ____". It could be good to standardize, and I had been planning to do that once I got around to the cuisines. :* {{xt|Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting}} {{not done}} for same reason as other redirects :* {{xt|Create Category:Lunch recipes, wikilink to ToC}} Not quite sure what you mean here, and I didn't see what it corresponded to in your linked sandbox page :* {{xt|Wikilink Cookbook:Dessert under Meals}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category}} I'm not sure about this—brunch is in many places considered a separate entity, and I don't necessarily think it would cause confusion. But, overall it's hard to determine whether it should have its own page and TOC link because I haven't actually gotten around to evaluating the meal pages and what role they should play. See also the TOC notes below. :* {{xt|Create Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine so I can add the recipes from Category:East Asian recipes to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC}} {{done}} for now; however, I'm not sure yet whether it will ultimately make sense to keep that as a content page. I think content pages should be reasonably focused, and it may not be the best to have a cuisine page that is so broad. This is something I planned to consider once I made my way around the overhauling the cuisines. :* {{xt|Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction"}} The reason I made it "Introductory Matter" instead of "Introduction" is because there's already a chapter itself titled "Introduction"—it felt odd to have the entire section titled that as well. Happy to discuss other header options (e.g. "Front Matter", which is a generally accepted book term) :* {{xt|Appendix and Equipment sections switch places}} see below comments on TOC. :* '''Comments on the TOC:''' So, I think a fundamental issue with the current TOC is that it somewhat arbitrarily picks and chooses individual pages to link. It also sometimes direct-links to categories and sometimes to content pages, which I don't think we should do. Because the cookbook is so expansive, it's been established that manual indices intending to capture detail in large areas don't really make sense and quickly get bulky and out-of-date. This is why categorytree is such a useful tool! After thinking on it for a while and making some small tweaks, I think I'd ultimately like to overhaul the TOC and come to a solution that keeps a few broad headers/links to the small handful of the primary content pages while perhaps stashing away more detailed and self-updating lists in a collapsible way to reduce clutter but allow for customizable user navigation. Much to think about, and I'll probably workshop some things on the side to see how they feel. :Let me know if I've misunderstood anything! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:24, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for the notes! Here's my thoughts: ::* On the Cuisine titling, it actually seems like [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] and [[Cookbook:East Asian cuisines]] are the only ones that don't follow the naming scheme, i.e. "[[Cookbook:African Cuisine]]", and I think that shorter titles are preferable where it makes sense. ::* On your note about East Asian Cuisine, I actually had the same thought after going through the cuisine pages. Having three separate pages for different kinds of Asian cuisine does seem a little silly, doesn't it? Do you think it might be better to combine all of them under one "Asian Cuisine", but put the different locales under separate headers? ::* On Brunch - I honestly think there's way too much ambiguity around what exactly constitutes as "brunch" to keep that in. I feel as though the term brunch more applies to the time you're eating, rather than the kind of food. I think it would be easier to keep meals that include commonly accepted breakfast foods in the Breakfast category, and things that don't fit neatly into that, into the Lunch category. This would prevent any dilemmas in the future where we can't decide whether something is breakfast or brunch. ::* You're right that it looks a little awkward to have the header as Introduction when there's a page called introduction. I still think that to say "Introductory Matter", or "Front Matter" as you mentioned, is a little long-winded and reflects a more academic tone than needed for a cookbook. Upon further reflection, I think maybe rather than worrying about the header at this point, we should perhaps think about trying to compile all of those short introductory type pages into one comprehensive introductory page. Then we likely won't even need a header for it on the ToC. ::* The ToC is definitely a bit cluttered, and it bothers me too that there's a real lack of consistency across whether the wikilinks lead to a page or a category. I'm not sure how I would feel about cutting away too much of the navigation from it, though, because just about every page on there does have a reason to be there, it's just that they're not presented very nicely. Some of it can certainly get nested or combined though. I'll play around with it over the next few days in my sandbox as well and let you know if I come up with anything. ::* As an aside, the first thing on my to-do list once my autoconfirmed comes through is to start subcategorizing all of the recipes so that they're all nicely sorted in the category trees. When you have a chance, I'd love to hear your thoughts on what we should use as the standard naming for categories. Once we determine this, I think we can also take the liberty of updating the cookbook MoS to reflect it. ::Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:33, 3 March 2025 (UTC) :::Note: After writing this, I realized what you were getting at about slashing away some of the subpages. Maybe we can come up with a system where all of those subpages are under their main subpage rather than on the ToC. For example, all the Cuisines are under [[Cookbook:Cuisines]], all techniques under [[Cookbook:Cooking Techniques]], to keep the subpages off the main ToC. Also, I wonder if maybe we should try to make a centralized discussion for this somewhere, in case anyone else wants to join in at some point? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:45, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::Heads-up: to make it easier to keep track of these and since I think they deserve their own discussions, I'm going to gradually migrate them over individually to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:52, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Good idea. Can you remove the semi-protection from that talk page? I see no reason why it should be protected. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:23, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook ToC == Hi [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]. I was just wondering why you didn't respond to my above message, and started a separate sandbox for the ToC instead? It seems as though you don't really want to collaborate. It would be nice if we could work on this together. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 22:43, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] thanks for the ping! I'm sorry you feel like I don't want to collaborate—the opposite is true, and please understand that this is good-faith editing. The reason I haven't responded to the above points is mostly since you've been modifying a bunch of content and adding suggestions lately, and I've been working my way through these while continuing with my routine contributions and real life as well—things happen a little more slowly here than on other projects, and I'm the one person dedicated to the cookbook right now. The reason I created that sandbox was because I saw [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#Modernize the shelves|your comment]] at the reading room and wanted to play around and think about your suggestion without touching the actual TOC. You're right that it's not the best, and it's been something I've been thinking about for a bit now. Please understand also that it can be overwhelming when a new editor unfamiliar with the Cookbook begins making a high volume of edits and suggestions without having much experience with it or its history—this isn't to say that you don't have good ideas or things worth contributing. In fact, you have already made a few helpful changes, as I've mentioned. I just want to do this properly and take the time to evaluate your suggestions together with the current efforts that are underway, and that can take a bit. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:03, 2 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for getting back to me. While I may be new to Wikibooks, I'm certainly not new to MediaWiki, and I've been working with small wiki projects for a number of years. Perhaps it's been a misunderstanding to some degree, but I've found my reception here to be unusually unwelcoming. The way to do this properly, as you said, would be to have discussions and form consensus. Yesterday, when you reached out to me about adding hideroot to the pages, I gave you my rationale and was more than happy to have a discussion about it, but you did not reply. I noticed a similar situation happened with [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_talk:Ottawahitech#Category_sorting Ottawahitech], regarding category sorting. I'm aware that you're the main person looking after the cookbook right now, which is why I reached out to you right from the get go. ::I understand why you would want to create your own sandbox to play around with options for the ToC, but I'm sure you can understand why it would draw my attention that you would do this without implementing any of the wikilink fixes I mentioned, or making an attempt to discuss it further. This came across to me as not wanting my help. ::I invite you to check out my page on Wikipedia. I've made contributions across quite a wide area of topics there, as well as the other Wikimedia projects, and this is the first time I've encountered any sort of resistance to my contributions. I think Wikibooks has enormous potential, and I'm very excited to contribute to helping it grow. On most projects, this would be something to be encouraged. I don't feel like "I'm sorry that you feel that way" was really an appropriate response. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:59, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :::I think you're right that this has been a mix of misunderstanding and miscommunication, and I think I can understand how things came across as unwelcoming! For whatever it's worth, I absolutely plan on circling back to the various discussions at hand (I have all the relevant pages open to return to), but it seems like the order I did things made it seem like I was ignoring you (if I'm understanding correctly). I am pretty busy, so sometimes items on my to-do list do get lost/shunted or it takes me a bit to get around to something—please don't hesitate to give me a ping if it seems like I'm taking a while to get back to something. Looking forward to more collaboration! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:49, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::I'm glad you can understand where I'm coming from. To clarify, my intent is not to try to rush you, or to try to push you to make changes that you don't agree with. It's really easy to misinterpret things over the Internet, and I think a short message can go a long way. I apologize if I've caused you any undue stress by coming into the cookbook and unleashing a flurry of alterations, but do rest assured that I'm not married to any of my changes, I'm always open for discussion, and I want to see the cookbook improve just like you do. The great thing about wikis is that no change is permanent. I think we'll have it in tip-top shape in no time! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:19, 3 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Polish Doughnuts (Paczki)]] == Do you see any reason not to just add this to Featured Recipes? At least we know this one works, and it seems like this is now one of the few recipes to have a picture that actually aligns with the recipe used. I was thinking later on we'll come up with a content review system where a couple editors will actually try the recipes nominated for FR, but in the absence of that I'd just add it to the list. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 12:25, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :I'm fine with adding it to the featured recipes. You're right that we'll want to come up with a good system for this going forward, though it's lower down on my personal priority list at moment. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Cream Cheese American Buttercream]] == Hi! I am a wikiHow user and I am planning to adapt this recipe to wikiHow. Since you contributed to this recipe, I wanted to know if I can get permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe. Thanks. [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 21:41, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] that's fine with me as long as proper attribution and linking back to the original recipe page here are included at the top. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:28, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[A Companion to Our Literary Journey]] == Hi! I feel that we have started to outline the scope in a clearer and more precise way and that’s the work we are going to do with the students this and for the next years, adding more sections and content. Do you think that would be enough? [[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]] ([[User talk:Ferdi2005|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ferdi2005|contribs]]) 22:43, 6 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]]! Yes, this seems to be reasonably outlined. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:51, 7 March 2025 (UTC) == Exercising care with copyright == When deleting a page as a copyright violation, it is important that you '''do not quote any content from the deleted page'''. If you do, then your log entry is itself a copyright violation. I have redacted a recent deletion that you performed because of this. If you want to make sure that none of your past deletions have been problematic for this reason, you can [[quarry:query/90444|run this SQL query]] to get a list of every deletion that could be eligible for redaction. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 18:32, 21 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] and thank you for the message. In the most recent instance that I think you're referencing, I do not see any material in the edit summary that posed a significant risk—I don't believe the few listed words would be a copyright concern. However, I do understand your concern! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:31, 21 March 2025 (UTC) == Splitting Pages == Hi I have recently made the book on the [[History of the Nawabs of Bengal]] and you gave a notice on how you believe it should be split into smaller bits. As I am still new to wikibooks I don't know how to do this. Can you please assist me on renaming the page so I can split the page into multiple pages? @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 19:47, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]]: You did it. I've removed the tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 22:44, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :Like @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] said, you're all set! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 29 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks! @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 10:24, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == Minecraft book == Is it good creating pages like this, [[Minecraft#Husk]]? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 12:43, 9 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] what do you mean? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:18, 10 May 2025 (UTC) ::are we allowed to create pages like that? like for every mob [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:02, 11 May 2025 (UTC) :::To be honest, I don't think the structure and formatting of the book is very good. Several of the mob pages, for example, have very little information and aren't particularly helpful on their own. If I were working on it, I would restructure the book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:09, 11 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I am planning to do that. [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 04:19, 12 May 2025 (UTC) == Request to Review Adjusted User Page (XoriantTeam) == Hello [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I hope you're well. I noticed that my user page ([[User:XoriantTeam]]) was recently deleted for appearing promotional or inappropriate for Wikibooks. Thank you for keeping the community standards in check. I’ve since revised the content with closer attention to neutrality and compliance with Wikibooks guidelines. My intent is to participate constructively, especially in areas related to digital engineering and educational content creation. If possible, I’d appreciate your help reviewing the revised version. I'm happy to share it or upload it as a file if there’s a preferred method. Please let me know how best to proceed. I welcome any suggestions and will gladly make further adjustments. Best regards, XoriantTeam [[User:XoriantTeam|XoriantTeam]] ([[User talk:XoriantTeam|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/XoriantTeam|contribs]]) 11:02, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :Hi there—you can publish an updated user page, but I'd caution you against talking about your company. Keep it limited to your involvement with Wikibooks. You may contribute productively here, but further promotional materials are grounds for an indefinite block. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:30, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == Planning to use AWB to update categories on the cookbook == Hello. I noticed in recent changes that you were moving some categories using HotCat (e.g. moving Category:Chile recipes to Category:Recipes using chile), which can be time-consuming. Therefore, I plan to help you with moving the cookbook categories by adding myself to enabledusers and enabledbots in [[Wikibooks:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON]]. Would this be fine if I assist you and to add myself to the check page? I am familiar with using AWB after testing on a non-Wikimedia project. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:42, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—thank you for the tip! I just installed JWB, so this should make my mass cat changes much faster. Thanks again! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:11, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for the information. Also, is it okay if I change (for example) [[:Category:Vinegar recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes using vinegar]] (I can redirect the former category to the latter), given that we should move {{tq|Category:[ingredient] recipes}} to {{tq|Category:Recipes using [ingredient]}} for consistency? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:57, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :::Sure thing—go ahead! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:53, 8 June 2025 (UTC) == Tool for even faster category changes == See [[:c:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot#As_your_user_gadget]]. I just [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:Koavf/common.js&action=history installed it] and used it dozens of times in a click. Let me know if you need any help. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:36, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] Thanks! I'm having a little trouble activating it, but I'll keep trying. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:54, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::A lot of times, a purge will do the trick. See [[:mw:Purge]]. Usually just <kbd>Ctrl+Shift+R</kbd> once or twice. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:55, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :::Took several purges, but we're set now! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:16, 19 June 2025 (UTC) == Advice on when I should run for adminship == Hi, I hope you are doing well. I am asking for some advice on when I should run for enwikibooks adminship, given the following below: Currently, I am doing some optimizations for dark mode on this project, and some of the message box/MediaWiki interface/template pages might be outdated, fully protected, or can use a little help using mw-parser-output. These unfortunately might hinder the process of updating these pages/templates for Vector 2022's dark mode.<br> Additionally, I have a solid expertise with edit filters, as I have requested some administrators to update deprecated filter variables, switching filters from warn and disallow to disallow only, and I can also monitor the filter log for potential false positives (from local or global filters). A fellow English Wikibooks administrator also said to me that they are willing to support me in a few months when I run for adminship, as I am generally trusted. I hold two advanced global permissions, and I hold an edit filter helper permission on the English Wikipedia, to be sure. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:02, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—good question! I agree that you are a trusted user, and I think it would be reasonable for you to run for adminship, especially given our need to fix up technical aspects of the project. If you don't plan to commit to Wikibooks long-term (i.e. you have some projects you'd like to take a few months to complete and then be done), you can always request temporary adminship. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:30, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for your feedback, but I also plan to monitor for vandalism/spam, and to commit to reduce the administrative assistance reading room backlog, should I be elected for adminship (and I forgot to mention those). Anyway, regarding your feedback, I might run by August or even July, given that I've lately started contributing more often to Wikibooks. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) ::: [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I am pinging you one more time to see if you have read my response above yours. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:34, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]! I'm not sure what you mean—was there an additional question you had? Everything you've outlined seems quite reasonable. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:26, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::: Apologies for the confusion, I don't have any questions to ask. I was clarifying that I can help with implementing edit requests and to block obvious vandals and spammers, aside from the skills I mentioned earlier. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:32, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == how is it you feel able to interfere in my sandbox? == you deleted a page in my sandbox that was my way of providing my response to a request from an OpenSCAD dev team leader for a couple of text blurbs for use on a web page of the OpenSCAD site. now that you have deleted my page i have to recreate the texts from a screenshot to be able to offer the suggestions, which i will This kind of high handed treatment is what keeps me from being a wiki-anything contributor .. If it is Wiki policy to interfere in the documentation of an open source project because it is hosted on Wikibooks then i will take up the task of moving our online docs to a site where you cannot interfere. -- [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 21:56, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]]—thanks for bringing this to my attention. I now understand that this was intended to be in your user namespace—I've undeleted it and moved it to the correct namespace for you. Let me know if anything else comes up! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::ah .. err .. umm .. well that is a gentle answer to my ire. Thanks for being so gracious [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::and .. isn't my sandbox in my namespace by default? [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:30, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::No worries—it looks like you didn't add the prefix "User:" before writing out the full page titles, so the pages you created were technically in the project's Main space with the official published materials. Going forward, you can just double-check that the page title starts with "'''User:'''VulcanWikiEdit/sandbox", and that should keep everything in the right place! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::BTW .. i love the play on cat lover name [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 15:35, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :::::Thank you! That's very kind. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:46, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Regarding the user Codename Tameirao == Could this be Matthew again (the Unicode LTA)? I believe it might be him based on his usage of edit summaries, and his usual edits to [[Unicode/Versions]]. I just blocked his recent account, and then I protected and stabilized that Unicode book. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 23:51, 12 August 2025 (UTC) :I suspect you're right! That seems like a reasonable course of action. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:56, 13 August 2025 (UTC) :: I recently encountered another possible LTA, see [[Special:Contributions/~2025-55706-6]] (as well as [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]]). I can email you more details if you want. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 16:30, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::I think this is the same LTA, yes! I've protected [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]], but I think it would be a good idea if we could automate this monitoring somewhat using the edit filter. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:07, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::: I don't think that was Matthew, as he typically uses edit summaries. The deleted page was not protected, as it was protected before you deleted it; I salted it from creation for one year. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 20:22, 9 September 2025 (UTC) ::::: You might want to look at [[Special:Contributions/Freddy Fazbearing Others]]. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:18, 26 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::Thank you! I went ahead and blocked them. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:54, 28 October 2025 (UTC) == IP block exempt == Hi Kitty, I currently have IP block exemption on enwiki, Commons and Wikidata as I use VPNs connected to my internet security software. Can you please grant me the right on wikibooks. I have a strong password and use two factor authentication. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 10:51, 22 August 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TarnishedPath|TarnishedPath]]! This doesn't sound unreasonable to me, but I think it would be good if you requested at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]] so we can have a discussion—I have not granted this right before. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::Kitty, thanks for pointing me in the right direction. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 03:25, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::See [[Wikibooks:Requests_for_permissions#TarnishedPath_(discuss_·_contribs_·_count_·_logs_·_block_log_·_rfp_·_rights)_(IP_Block_Exemption)]] ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 03:35, 23 August 2025 (UTC) == You've got mail! == {{You've got mail|sig=<span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 00:20, 6 September 2025 (UTC)}} :Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:06, 6 September 2025 (UTC) == Are you able to import? == I made a few requests over at https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_import . [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 22:32, 4 October 2025 (UTC) : [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]], I'll go ahead and start the imports. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:29, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you for your help [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:51, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::: My apologies for not doing this sooner, because some database error appears when I am trying to mass import. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:39, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::::I also tried to make this import earlier and ran into issues with the software. I was hoping it was a temporary bug, but it seems to be persisting. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:01, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::This seems like I should get involved. {{working}}... [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 13:11, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::: I believe there are five pages that have massive page histories they fail to import here. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::::I backed up the XMLs of them locally but im unsure how much that'd do. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:18, 6 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Just became an importer. The reason is prob understandable but I cannot upload the XML file to here locally. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 17:23, 10 October 2025 (UTC) == About the category parameter in the recipe summary template == When it uses a "recipe by type" category, should it use a "[type/food] recipes" name or "Recipes for [type/food]"? I recently operated JWB to change from [[:Category:Dessert recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes for dessert]] in multiple Cookbook recipes, and from what I've said before, I've changed to ''Recipes for dessert'' in the category parameter of Cookbook recipes. Hope you don't mind that this was over more than 250 changes (not counting the recent category changes after moving some recipe categories). Thanks. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:07, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—those JWB changes you made seem fine to me! I'm not quite sure what you're asking in your first sentence, though. Assuming I understand correctly: in general, I think the default format should be whatever the actual category name is. BUT if there is a redirect, it ultimately shouldn't matter too much. And, because I'm not convinced of the utility of that infobox parameter in the first place (thinking of removing it), I'm not hugely concerned about it for the time being. Does this help? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:21, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :: Probably, but I will say the following below (for my first sentence) to clarify: :: On the <code>|category =</code> parameter, when placing a recipe category name, should it either be {{tq|Sandwich recipes}} or {{tq|Recipes for sandwiches}}? I hope this clears the confusion. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:39, 27 October 2025 (UTC) == Please no more Unicode LTA == Please don't block me again. I promise I will edit Unicode stuff and add correct information. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-30839-28|&#126;2025-30839-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-30839-28|talk]]) 20:54, 1 November 2025 (UTC) :<small>I am a bit out of the loop, so correct me if I'm wrong - I'm assuming here</small> I think the point is that they want you to ''not'' edit the Unicode stuff? Also hi kitty, it's been a ... very long time.. <sup>&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]</sup> / <sub>[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]</sub> 01:13, 5 November 2025 (UTC) ::Ok so apparently not as long as I thought, but it feels like I've been away for at least a year lol <sup>&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]</sup> / <sub>[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]</sub> 01:23, 5 November 2025 (UTC) :::Nice to see you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:41, 5 November 2025 (UTC) == Administrator and reviewer user right combinations are not needed anymore == Given that administrators can review edits in addition to reviewers, I would suggest for you (and other administrators) to kindly remove the reviewer permission from (own) accounts. What I'm saying is that if one holds administrator and reviewer permissions together, they can remove the reviewer permission from their own account and retain their administrator permission. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:06, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :Gotcha—is there a reason it's bad for one user to have both these rights? If so, I can remove my reviewer right. Otherwise, it seems fairly harmless? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:26, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :: The thing is, administrators have the <code>review</code> user right, as well as some permissions in the reviewer user group in the administrator toolset. That means that having the reviewer user group together with the admin user group is redundant. Hope this explains it. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:59, 11 November 2025 (UTC) ::: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] <s>I'll do this tomorrow morning, as well as to remove autoreviewed user permissions from users who are reviewers.</s> ({{doing}}) [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:24, 12 November 2025 (UTC) : I have removed the autoreviewed user permission from users who are reviewers. As for administrators, I will do so later today. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:40, 13 November 2025 (UTC) == Nesting in Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities == Hi Kittycataclysm, I am editor of wikipedia since 2004. We have the habit if we have a concern using the talk page to clarify the case. I am not sure to delete meaningful content without previous notification and doing major redirection without agreeing the main contributor(s) is an adequate admin act and sign of good manner of host (see [[W:Wikipedia:Etiquette|Wikipedia:Etiquette]].) Yes, It will be not an average book but above the regular. This is the exact case: ''"this may be appropriate, such as with large textbooks that contain subsections with a lot of content."'' ''for to establish good structural and stylistic practices'' I have a data management certification. If you asking it will have 4 nest level on strict purpose. If you saw the introduction of the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] is/will be a global collection making effective collaboration over borders and continents. One structured + categorized(!) page for each community willing to show up. The Postal addresses has also same or larger deepness, this is unavoidable (Country/Postal Code/Location/Street/House/floor/door). Here will looks like: '''Eco-comm/Continent/Regio code/Community name''' The goal of this system to open bridge + experience highway for the communities using the same permaculture technics what collected parallelly in [[Open Book of Permaculture]]. That is also part of this knowledge base please dont do simplification steps on that without discussion. I am kindly asking to revert your edits in this book. After that I will put a notification template about "This book is under construction with major changes. Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History. Common clarifications/ guides are on the primary talk page." Thanks: [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 02:22, 12 November 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]], and thank you both for your contributions and for reaching out! Yes, I did make the following changes to [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]: :* I moved the pages from the [[Eco-comm]] namespace to the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] namespace, since the table of contents and pages for a given book should be under that book's namespace. :* I removed the links to Wikipedia that were on [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]], since outlinking has been discouraged at en.Wikibooks as a matter of practice. Compilations of links may not fall into WB scope as an instructional text, and [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia|there is precedent for deleting them]]. But, I do see that the tool I used didn't just remove links to enWP, so I will restore the prior revision and ping the tool developer. :* I flagged it as needing denesting—you're right that nested entries can sometimes be appropriate. In this case, I was primarily flagging for a denest because the table of contents needs to be moved onto the main page, and it shouldn't have hidden navigation within the nested portions. :Could you clarify which of these edits you do not agree with so I can make sure they are individually addressed? As an aside, it could be helpful to create a [[Help:Local manuals of style|local manual of style]] for the book in order to clearly outline the expectations. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:59, 12 November 2025 (UTC) ::My main concern not about moving and flagging but '''deleting''' [[Eco-comm]] against [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] and not mentioning in the clarification even after my notification. Should I note all administrators [[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers]] - or will they do speedy deleting one by one until I make them individually addressed? :::The <u> local manual of style</u> development is ongoing together with the sample pages. ::'''MAIN PAGE''' ::The '''Main page''' and '''Namespace''' is the [[Eco-comm]]. The '''Full Title''' or '''Cover''' is [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]. Because of the high level of nesting the below extra-long-full-text-title to be avoided the Cover page is a redirection with preface/intro etc. ::'''NESTING ''' :::Featured book with 3 level nesting: [[Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education/Educational Change/Theory]] :::5 level nesting example: [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] ::'''Categories''' The [[:Category:Eco-comm]] will let the users make practical sub-categories e.g. [[:Category:Eco-comm/Project/numundo]] [[:Category:Eco-comm/]] ::: ::[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 03:44, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you for elaborating! I'm unfortunately not sure what you mean about deleting [[Eco-comm]]—are you referring to the fact that I moved it without leaving a redirect? Regarding the nesting, I do honestly think those other books you linked should have their navigation denested since I find their format difficult to parse, and they have some navigation issues. Looping in some other active admins (@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] (@[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]) so they can get eyes on this and voice anything they think is important. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:12, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::It makes no sense to have some crazy abbreviation as a "main page" or "namespace" (whatever that means in this context) for a book in order to allow it to be deep nested. Nobody needs to type the whole name of the nesting because that's what navigation templates do, and it is a simple matter to override the page title. I also take issue with the statement, above, "Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History." Anybody can edit, and nobody gets to own and control any work. Taken together, this complaint looks like a case of attempting to assert ownership and to operate against the normal practices of Wikibooks. As such, I am completely aligned with the changes made. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:49, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::::That. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 14:59, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] for the contribution, btw the [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] also looks crazy long, is'nt it? Lets continue in the [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/General]] keeping this page for personal messages. [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 23:07, 20 November 2025 (UTC) == Deletions of Wikibook subpages == Hello @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], regarding the [[Thesis Writing Guide]] subpage deletions, should I just recreate them when I keep working on them or was there an automatic deletion that we could undo? This document will grow, but really slowly. Best, Tim [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 11:37, 16 December 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]]! Since there was so little content on the deleted pages, my recommendation would just be for you to gradually recreate the chapters as you go. Does that make sense? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:54, 17 December 2025 (UTC) ::Makes sense, not my ideal solution, but also not far from it :) The end result will be the same, the in-between will just feel a little bit weird from time to time. ::Thank you for taking time to curate and quality-control Wikibooks - wishing wonderful holidays and a happy new year! [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 20:43, 17 December 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you, and happy holidays to you as well :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 17 December 2025 (UTC) == help with "Media Literacy and You" == {{re|Kittycataclysm}} What do I need to do to get a quality review of ''[[Media Literacy and You]]'', or whatever is needed to remove <nowiki>{{Qr-em|not clear how this is to be structured as a book}}</nowiki>? I ask, because you added that flag just over 2 hours after I created it. I later found that I had accidentally created it as an anonymous user. I've since started using my standard Wikiname, and I tried to respond to the requests both by creating a discussion on the "Discussion" page associated with that book and by upgrading the content. The upgrades included adding the "Introduction" chapter by revising an article on Wikiversity that convinced me to start this Wikibook. I have other articles that I plan to rewrite to create 9 of the remaining 11 chapters in the current table of contents, as indicated in this table of contents. ??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:23, 8 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]]! I removed the query flag, since this is clearly not a test page. I do have concerns about the suitability of this book for Wikibooks, since it seems to be more in line with essays and original research/analysis (which are [[Wikibooks:WIW|out of scope here]]). Wikiversity seems like a very suitable place for them—is there a specific reason you want to move them here? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:24, 8 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::This book is intended to accelerate the diffusion of [[w:Media literacy|media literacy]] by making it easier for humans to (a) access training materials and (b) connect with research on the most important issues that concern them and (c) discuss those issues with others who may believe differently in a nonthreatening context that encourages dialogue and a shared search for what can honestly be said about any particular issue. This is an extension of "The wisdom of polarized crowds" discussed in [[Wikipedia:Reliability of Wikipedia]]. ::I don't know about you, but I'm frightened by the collapse of nuclear arms control agreements since the year 2000, by global warming, by the threats of the Trump administration to invade Canada and Greenland, etc. If this book project is successful, it will make a material contribution to reversing these trends -- unless this kind of dialogue is [[v:Responding to a nuclear attack|interrupted by a nuclear war]]. === Who is DavidMCEddy === ::I'm a [[w:Vietnam veteran|Vietnam-era veteran]] with a PhD in statistics and a publication record for which [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Spencer-Graves-3 ReserchGate has found over 1,200 academic publications that have cited my work.] Since [https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/en.wikipedia.org/DavidMCEddy 2010 I have logged] * 6,000+ edits in each of Wikipedia and Wikiversity, * 1,000+ in Wikimedia Commons, * 30,000+ in Wikidata, and * almost 1,000 in other Wikimedia Foundation projects like Wikiquote and edits to the Spanish, French and German Wikipedias. This includes dozens of research reports posted to Wikiversity under [[v:Category:Freedom and abundance]] and 44 posts under [[v:Category:Media reform to improve democracy]] that provide a platform for documenting and discussing 44 episodes of a fortnightly "Media & Democracy" series of 29:00 mm:ss podcasts syndicated for the [https://pacificanetwork.org/stations-2/ Pacifica Radio Network] featuring the opinions of leading experts on the increase in political polarization and violence and what those experts think should be done about this. I've just posted another chapter to [[Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. I hope you will agree that this book can make a positive contribution to Wikibooks and to [[w:Jimmy Wales|Jimbo Wales]]' [[w:Wikipedia:Prime objective|Prime Directive]] to create "a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge." Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 01:19, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Thank you and I understand this, but I am asking why you think this material is more suitable at Wikibooks rather than at Wikiversity. From what I can see, Wikiversity seems like the more appropriate home for it given our [[Wikibooks:WIW|scope]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:59, 9 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::"Media Literacy and You" is textbook to support both self study and classes on media literacy. ::I have been posting content to Wikiversity since 2014 and have not encountered support there for books. A search just now turned up a hint of a book on Wikiversity, but I could not easily find anything on how to do it, etc. ::I think this "Media Literacy and You" project would lose the vast majority of its potential if it were not on Wikibooks. ::??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:22, 9 February 2026 (UTC) {{outdent}} {{re|Kittycataclysm}} Will you please help me with the protocols of creating a book on Wikiversity? 1. I have found documentation that claims that Wikiversity supports such. However, the documentation seems incomplete, potentially out of date, etc. For example, I could not see how to follow the instructions for [[Wikiversity:Help:Books#Step 1: Enable the "Book creator" tool]]. So I posted a question to [[Wikiversity:Help talk:Books]]. 2. What do you suggest I do next? :I can create an article on Wikiversity titled, "Media Literacy and You", and port everything I've posted to Wikibooks there, then replace the pages on Wikibooks with redirects to [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You]], [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/Introduction]], and [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. :If you think that's the best way to build this book project, great. It would actually be easier for me, because there would be less translation between what I already have on Wikiversity and a version for Wikibooks. (Also, Wikiversity supports <nowiki>{{cite Q|...}}</nowiki>, which I have used extensively for years.) :Thanks for your help. [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 13:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Unfortunately, I am not familiar with the exact workings of Wikiversity, so I can't be much help there. My personal recommendation is that you ask there for help on how best to structure your materials to match the WV requirements. If you'd like some additional opinions/insight, please feel free to also check in at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General|reading room]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 10 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} I believe I have finished migrating all of ''Media Literacy and You'' to Wikiversity and replacing the parts of it on Wikibooks with redirects. Comments? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 17:32, 10 February 2026 (UTC) == Thank you! == Heya, thanks for reviewing my stuff! Just to note, the first lesson page was done and so that'll need moving. If you want to discuss anything with me, I am easily reachable on Discord @ xiluosi233. I can explain philosophy, approach, and so on from my teaching experience if you want anything regarding that. [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:48, 17 February 2026 (UTC) :It appears [[An Introduction to the Han Script]] was moved wrong - should it not be [[General Literary Chinese from Scratch/An Introduction to the Han Script]]? [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:52, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] good catch! I accidentally removed more of the title than intended. I've fixed this now. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:18, 18 February 2026 (UTC) == A test request == Just to see whether a recent Luna update turned out as intended, could you briefly revert your [[User:Kittycataclysm/lunaoptions.json|Luna preferences page]] to the first revision? Since you don't appear to have any custom preferences in the first place, I don't think there should be any conflicts. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 01:49, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :Done! But, it seems to have perhaps auto-updated again immediately afterwards. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:39, 10 April 2026 (UTC) == Linking == Hi,<br> For my edification, why is a link from [[Cookbook:nettle|nettle]] to [[w:Urtica_dioica|Urtica dioica]] not appropriate? The Wikipedia article has more information & seems relevant.<br> Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 01:53, 24 April 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] good question! Wikibooks discourages outlinking, since books should be self-contained units. Instead of linking to [[w:Urtica dioica]], the correct approach would be to flesh out the actual chapter here at Wikibooks. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:34, 24 April 2026 (UTC) ::Should all material in the Wikipedia article about Urtica dioica relevant to cooking be duplicated into the nettle article in the cookbook? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 02:30, 2 May 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] you could do that, although you should only include information that is sourced. However, I recommend that you wait, because I am coincidentally working on the page right now and fleshing it out significantly. I should publish today. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:40, 2 May 2026 (UTC) ::::The nettle page is better now. Thanks. ::::I still wonder, given that the link to ''The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, ...'' is permitted, why not a link to the botanically oriented page in Wikipedia. What if someone reads the Cookbook article and is interested in the toxin for example? Seems that non-Wikimedia references are more privileged than Wikimedia references. ::::Also, by chance, just noticed the [[w:Nettle_soup|Nettle soup]] article in Wikipedia. Better in the Cookbook? ::::Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 19:10, 5 May 2026 (UTC) :::::Another good question. The reason those books are linked is because they are reputable and topical sources for the subject matter (nettles as used in cooking from an instructional perspective), and the links are part of the citations—this makes it different from a simple outlink to a Wikipedia page. Wikipedia pages should also not be cited themselves as sources. Regarding nettle soup, I don't think it makes sense to have that as a standalone page here in the cookbook due to its encyclopedic tone, and I don't see any recipes there. Does this make sense? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:21, 6 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::Somewhat. Certainly a recipe wouldn't be incongruous in a cookbook. Still seems unhelpful that relevant information in Wikipedia is inaccessible from a Wikibook. In effect there's a "Berlin Wall" between two Wikimedia projects. Would a "See also" section be permissible? ::::::Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 14:00, 7 May 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:32, 28 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471751 --> == Undeletion request == Hello, I am writing to request an undeletion of the page Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad. You stated you are a frequent visitor of the Lentis page and are thus familiar with it. This page was part of a class assignment and was in progress at the time of deletion. The work deleted is what we will be graded on for our class, so we would appreciate the restoration. [[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] ([[User talk:Yqj3km|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Yqj3km|contribs]]) 19:36, 4 May 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] see my response below regarding undeletion. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC) == Undeletion request == About the page on Lentis called Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad: I, too, request undeletion, please. If the authors made any msitakes, the fault is 100 percent mine, for failing to guide them correctly. Like all chapters in this book, this team's chapter is a class assignment. I will be interested also in the reason for deletion so that I can guide authors better. I want to help my students be constructive contributors. Many thanks! [[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 20:03, 4 May 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Norton|Norton]] and thanks for the ping! I deleted it because it was not titled/filed correctly, so I didn't realize it was part of [[Lentis]]. I have undeleted it and moved it to [[Lentis/Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:14, 4 May 2026 (UTC) ::Many, many thanks, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am very grateful as always for everything you do for Wikibooks! ::[[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 22:27, 4 May 2026 (UTC) == Log in issues == Hi, messaging you as you seem to be the most active admin at the moment. I can't log in (as posted at <bdi>[[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance]] and also on my WP page at</bdi> [[w:User_talk:Xania]]). Seems to be an issue with extra security for admins? I am asked to use my authenticator app (which I can't as I have never set it up for Wikibooks) or a recovery code (which I don't have). Any idea what I should do in this situation? Xania [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28255-89|&#126;2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:21, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :Apologies for missing this yesterday! It seems like we have a few people working on it over in the reading room, and I'll keep track there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC) == Splitting pages == FYI, I untagged [[Art Print Production Methods]] as for splitting: the page is rather small with its 20 KB and does not need splitting, in my view. Ideally, there would be an operationalized, fairly detailed policy on the matter, but I do not know of one. Single-page books are in [[:Category:One-page books]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:45, 20 May 2026 (UTC) == <s>Slander</s> == <S>Your tag is slanderous and very easily proven wrong.</s>[https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654455] Given you likely didn't bother to look at the edit history, I would remind you that your given reason that you think it was AI is because you see the chapter is "numbered". That however was 100% my own personal decision after I reviewed my work and thought to myself that I later wrote in the introduction that there is a first to fourth chapter. However I thought to myself that the readers would not be easily made aware of what is meant by first to fourth as I didn't number them - so is why I dedicated an entire edit to make it less ambiguous [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654328]. I should not have to be falsely penalized because I wanted to be more considerate and ensure better clarity. I do however request AI to help me figure out coding like this - [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654329] as I don't know how to link. But I intentionally take great efforts to not rely on AI to write that book and find your wrongful presumptions troubling. [[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 06:00, 15 July 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] thank you for clarifying! I flagged it for review because it matched a common pattern we see associated with LLM use here. If that is not the case, then nothing needs to happen in that respect; however, you will likely want to fix the lists so that they are correctly formatted in the Wikitext and not hard-written—let me know if you have any questions about that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:14, 16 July 2026 (UTC) ::Yeah, I don't instantly understand what you mean by "correctly formatted" list. At first, I assumed you were referring to chapter 4 - (''Further reading'')? But I think I know what you mean. I made this edit here [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654738] to align with how I see wikibooks typically do lists. Did I fix it? If not, feel free to clarify.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 18:35, 16 July 2026 (UTC) ::I thought about how I responded earlier. Even tho I still disagree, I probably shouldn't have used such a tone. I imagine admins like yourself do a lot of work overseeing wiki and the project owes a lot to you guys. So I take back my harsh words, and I hope we're good.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 03:38, 17 July 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] I appreciate that—thank you! And thank you for [[Special:Diff/4654738|making those changes to the lists]], which was indeed what I was referring to. Happy editing! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:31, 17 July 2026 (UTC) == The Geoguide == I literally wrote all of this myself I used no AI if you want to you can highlight the areas that seem way too formal and ill fix them [[User:Kayden Swanson|Kayden Swanson]] ([[User talk:Kayden Swanson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kayden Swanson|contribs]]) 04:22, 18 July 2026 (UTC) :Thank you! I have removed the flag. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:41, 20 July 2026 (UTC) == Vandalism == your recent changes may not be constructive. {{Warning}} [[User:Duodeca 12|Duodeca 12]] ([[User talk:Duodeca 12|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Duodeca 12|contribs]]) 20:39, 2 August 2026 (UTC) == Your recent revert == Could you explain [[Special:Diff/4670314]]? This seems to be you ''restoring'' vandalism, which was originally introduced by [[Special:Diff/4669920]]. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 20:06, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :Good catch! Somehow I didn't have the most recent version of a page loaded, and it seems like Luna reverts the most recent edit of a page and not the specific edit you're viewing. The edit in question should be fixed now. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:11, 15 September 2026 (UTC) ::Sorry {{PAGENAME}} for butting in here, I hope you don't mind. ::Just wanted to mention that I have had a few similar experiences when editing (not having the most recent version of a page loaded). Once this caused me friction with an admin who was convinced I was willfully undoing their edit. This happened years ago on another wikimedia project. ::Ottawahitech [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 01:18, 16 September 2026 (UTC) == Confirmed user == <s>If this is one, could I perhaps be a confirmed user? The software has not granted me autoconfirmed, despite me having the requirements.</s> [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:50, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :This is not needed anymore, thank you! [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:58, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == Vandalism on Unicode/Character reference/1F000-1FFFF == I caught the LTA adding Unicode characters which aren't even approved, I undid it, and they reverted. Please semi-protect this page.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 15:33, 27 September 2026 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:Ruth Bulyaba M]] == Hello Kittycataclysm, I would like to bring to your attention the pages created by this user. I have used AI checkers to check if the page was created by AI, and it turned out to be positive. I have reached out to the user, to no response. Could you perhaps verify if their pages were created by AI? Thank you. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:26, 29 September 2026 (UTC) :Could you perhaps also check [[User:Matovu_Trevor/sandbox|this page]]? Many thanks. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:28, 29 September 2026 (UTC) ::After a cursory look, I do agree that these are LLM-generated. I'm starting to see an influx of editors who add LLM generated content to their sandboxes to take advantage of the fact that we are typically much more lenient about what editors do in their sandboxes. However, because I can't see any way for them to edit the material and publish it in a way that still complies with our policy, I'm inclined to delete them—we ban AI-generated ideas, and there is no way to alter the existing material in a way that circumvents that. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:33, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :::I will note, as an aside, that we do not rely on automated AI checkers, which have their own flaws—rather, we should be able to articulate exactly why we believe something to be in violation of the policy. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:34, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == Recipe == Hello Kittycataclysm, I have created a [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:MathsScienceNerd1/sandbox&oldid=4678337 recipe] that has been translated from nlwikibooks, and I do not know whether it is suitable for enwikibooks, other than it is a recipe of nlwikibooks and thus may conform to the Cookbook MoS over there. Could you perhaps check the page? Regards, --[[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 12:29, 26 October 2026 (UTC) ==[[:Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]]== {{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Kittycataclysm, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] "[[:Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)|Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]]".'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 11:33, 30 October 2026 (UTC)}} :Thank you for the flag! What was the reasoning for deletion here? I don't see it on the page itself. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:53, 3 November 2026 (UTC) ::Ah, my bad! I see it over at RfD. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:55, 3 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Curry Paste]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Curry Paste|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:23, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Doubanjiang]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Doubanjiang|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:29, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Seitan]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Seitan|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:30, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == Clarification Regarding Deleted Wikibooks Sandbox and Future Contributions == I understand there are issues with my sandbox due to deletion and the AI content policy of Wikibooks. However, I would like to contribute to the project by using my own work. If I were to make a new sandbox with the original content would that be ok? Please let me know what to do. Thanks [[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] ([[User talk:SandeepLPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SandeepLPU|contribs]]) 17:22, 5 November 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] and thanks for reaching out! You shouldn't just add back the originally deleted content, since that would still contain AI-generated materials. Instead, I recommend going back to the last point at which the content is entirely your own, and starting over with that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:31, 6 November 2026 (UTC) ::hi @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], actually it is a college acedemic project/assignment, where we (around 150 students) need to write a blog individually on elctronics topic, we are really sorry that this editing stuff were new to us especially in wikibooks, as gen'z were fully dependent on using AI, and growing with it. yeah we do know that we dont need to use AI, but i thought its a sandbox so taking help of AI is not a crime, using AI - the time complexity is reduced. now every students again writing the blog with their own efforts with out using AI. thanks@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] for detecting the errors and guiding us. [[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] ([[User talk:SandeepLPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SandeepLPU|contribs]]) 08:51, 7 November 2026 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Meat and Sausage Ragu with Pasta]] == How is this recipe incomplete? I added categories and links to other Wiki articles. It's lengthy, accurate and delicious. I really don't have the time to make changes to it. If you delete it, I'm not going to bother writing recipes for Wikibooks anymore because that would make my efforts a waste of time. [[User:Moby-Dick4000|Moby-Dick4000]] ([[User talk:Moby-Dick4000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Moby-Dick4000|contribs]]) 19:06, 7 November 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Moby-Dick4000|Moby-Dick4000]]! Don't worry—I don't think this needs to be deleted. I'm flagging this one in particular as a general reminder that it needs to be worked on. Strictly speaking, based on the cookbook style requirements, it is missing the required ingredient categories and links, and the bullet lists need some adjustments; I'm happy to show you what I mean if you would like! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:36, 7 November 2026 (UTC) 33srccq0hjduqa4zwx66cvgnbjhu1ux 4680733 4680732 2026-11-07T19:56:39Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 /* Clarification Regarding Deleted Wikibooks Sandbox and Future Contributions */ Reply 4680733 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |Talk Page Archives |- |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2022|2022]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2023|2023]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2024|2024]] |} == That IP range calculator == Following [[phab:T381138|T381138]], I have now become the maintainer of the IP range calculator you like. You can find it [[toolforge:ftools/general/ip-range-calc.html|here]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:10, 9 January 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for the heads-up! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == A merge and unmerge from two years ago == I was browsing through the history merge log when I saw that you merged [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] into [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]], and then promptly reverted it. What happened here exactly? Could I correct it? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:55, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :Good question! I can't remember what I was trying to do, but it looks like I didn't succeed at what I wanted based on the log comment. You're just trying to history merge to get [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]] to have continuity of history? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:35, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::I think I figured out your mistake: it outright moved the revisions from the first page to the second, rather than copying them. This would have caused the other two [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] pages to have incomplete histories. I think the only solution would be to XML import the pre-April 2023 revisions from the first page to the other three, and I'm not sure if that's the best idea, and I am technically unable to do so. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 16:49, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == Undeletion request == I wouldn't be surprised if you expected this, but I'd like to ask you to undelete the subpages of [[Rotorcraft Fundamentals]] you just deleted with the summary "Use of copyrighted work without permission. Please read Terms of Use: page needs to be imported for attribution", so that I can do that. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 19:54, 14 January 2025 (UTC) :Done! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:57, 14 January 2025 (UTC) ::Upon further investigation, this might actually be a rare case where an [[WB:UT|unmerged transwiki]] is ''preferred'' (this is part of why I stopped calling them "bad transwikis"), since only a small portion of the Wikipedia article (with over 2,000 revisions) was copied over. Importation is generally only needed if the ''majority'' of the page is copied across wikis. I'll just leave a null edit providing attribution and add {{tlx|Copied}}. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 21:19, 14 January 2025 (UTC) == Reusing [[Cookbook:8 Desserts in 1 Pan]] on wikiHow == Hi, I am a user on wikiHow, see [[wikihow:User:Xeverything11]]. I would like to create a new recipe on wikiHow. I wanted to let us know if I can give permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe from Wikibooks to wikiHow. I (as a copyright holder) created this recipe on Wikibooks, but you contributed to this recipe. If not, I'll use the revision before you contributed since I was the only author. Wikibooks uses CC-BY-SA 4.0 while wikiHow uses CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0, which both licenses are incompatible due to ShareAlike conditions. Thanks [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 08:27, 15 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] I'm personally fine with this as long as proper attribution is given back to the original recipe page here. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:52, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::I adapted this [[wikihow:Make-8-Desserts-in-1-Pan|recipe]] on wikiHow with attribution, and got a Rising Star (an achievement used for best new articles on wikiHow). Thank you! [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 19:49, 24 January 2025 (UTC) == Wikibooks community == Hi, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am trying to contribute more to English Wikibooks. My main contributions will focus on the Cookbook, especially on Indonesian recipes. Do you have a community group where we can discuss and share ideas together? I am looking forward to join. Thank you! [[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 08:47, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] Sorry I missed this, and welcome! Are you asking about a Cookbook-specific area for discussion? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:39, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Yes. Do you know place for this? ::Thank you ::[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 09:41, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :::Honestly, there's not a centralized Cookbook-specific discussion space, especially since there aren't currently a ton of active contributors. Some people ask questions at [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. I'm currently the most consistently active and involved Cookbook editor, so feel free to ask me questions! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 22 January 2025 (UTC) == Congratulations! == [[File:Admin T-shirt.svg|thumb|You get this now.]] You are now a permanent administrator. Welcome to the team (I am entitled to say this because I technically got the extension a few hours before you did)!{{FBDB}} [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 10:33, 29 January 2025 (UTC) :Thanks :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:29, 29 January 2025 (UTC) == Is there a way to contact a Steward on WikiBooks? == Hi {{PAGENAME}}, Is there a way to contact a Steward on WB? I tried to find who the active Stewards are here at [[Special:ActiveUsers?username=&groups%5B%5D=steward&wpFormIdentifier=specialactiveusers]] but nothing shows up. The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the [[Wikimania-wiki]], but I just visited the [[wikimania 2014 wiki]] and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the [[Wikimania 2014 main-page talk]] but disovered that the Stewards have protected it. Is there a way wikibookians can communicate with Stewards at WB? Thanks in advance for answering this non-urgent question, and apologies for all the red-links which I can bluify if needed. Cheers [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:37, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] You can ask this on somewhere like [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:01, 7 February 2025 (UTC) <s>:@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] seconding what Leaderboard said—we no longer have any active stewards at enWB.</s> Had a brain fade there and mixed up stewards with bureaucrats. Yes, meta is the place for this. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::@Kittycataclysm,@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], or anyone else: ::Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb. I myself am indef-blocked at META so could not participate at [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]] even if I waned to. ::Since [[Wikimania]] is a topic of interest to all members of the [[wikimedia movement]] why can't wikibookians talk to thier elected representatives here? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:56, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] I can check with the blocking admin to see if they'd be willing to unblock you, if you'd like. The reason things like these are done at Meta is that Meta is a cross-project coordination platform - stewards ''cannot'' be expected to watch every project after all. Now you could message any steward here on Wikibooks if you really wanted to, but that is not normally a good idea. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 02:26, 8 February 2025 (UTC) ::::Wikimania is the annual conference celebrating all the free knowledge projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). It is a wikimedia initiative which is meant to help all of our projects (including wikibooks), gain more readership, educate more wiki-editors, foster better communications, and much more. The wmf has been hosting a Wikimania-wiki dedicated to each Wikimania annual event since 2004. These wikis contain a wealth of information, but can benefit from wiki-improvements, starting from spelling and grammar errors that detract from their to appeal to the general membership. It would be nice if Stewards paid more attention to it. ::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], I truly appreciate your offer, but I posted this here not in order to get someone to advocate for one unblocking at META. As I said earlier: ::::* "Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb" ::::* "The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the Wikimania-wiki, but I just visited the wikimania 2014 wiki and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the Wikimania 2014 main-page talk but disovered that the Stewards have protected it" ::::I would much rather see more wikimedia members question blocking in general at META. One cannot run such large movement of people from different backgrounds and nationalities simply by silencing minorities IMIO. [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:12, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Crystal ball]] == That page appears to be a mixture of isolated paragraphs from [[w:Crystal ball|Crystal ball]], hence my tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 03:04, 9 February 2025 (UTC) :Yep, that seems correct! I also queried it simply because it does not seem suitable for inclusion at all. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:09, 9 February 2025 (UTC) == Question about an edit suggestion == Hi Kittycataclysm, Thanks for the great work you do as an admin! I wanted to clarify a suggestion you made on a recently published page I’m working on. You recommended splitting it into smaller sections—would you suggest creating separate pages for these sections, or would a higher-level header for some topics be sufficient? Any specific recommendations you have would be greatly appreciated! Here’s the link to the page I’m referring to: [[Funding and Finance of Transportation Projects in the United States of America]] Thank you! [[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]] ([[User talk:Svrmustafa|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Svrmustafa|contribs]]) 18:19, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]], and thanks for asking! Splitting refers to creating new pages, each with a smaller amount of content. The main page should then contain a table of contents, and each page can contain a navigation template for easier navigation. I'll create the table of contents based on the current work and move some content to one of those pages as an example for you; then, you can do the rest. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:26, 19 February 2025 (UTC) ::Following up on this—I noticed that you use the term "paper". However, technically Wikibooks hosts books not papers, so you should probably change this wording. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:38, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Talkback == {{Talkback|Cookbook talk:Chilli Crab|Recipe Questions}} [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 09:54, 19 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] I also made [[Cookbook:Prata|this]] [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:15, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Hello == Can you look at my latest recipe? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 00:10, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :I saw it! It needs a few corrections, which I'll note. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:23, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] How do you write recipe summary, correct headers [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 06:04, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :::Please see [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template]]. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:08, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::::ok [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 02:33, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook == Hi there, Kittycataclysm. I wandered over here from Wikipedia, and I'm quite enamoured with this cookbook. I noticed you seem to be the one maintaining it, and I thought I'd reach out. Can I really just start cranking out recipes from public domain cookbooks and my family recipes? It's that simple? I was also wondering about the featured recipes section. There's not very many in there, and I imagine there's not very many folks around to do reviews compared to GAR on Wikipedia. How do you handle content review? Thanks. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:51, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] and welcome! For some context, the Cookbook has been around since the very beginning of Wikibooks, but it had gotten into a bit of disarray over the course of about two decades by the time I found it. I started the long process of overhauling, standardizing, and expanding it just over four years ago—I finished standardizing the recipe formatting and quality a while back and am currently working my way through the ingredient pages before moving on to equipment, techniques, and cuisines. You can absolutely add any public domain recipes as well as your own recipes—they just need to conform to the [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template|recipe template]] and [[Cookbook:Policy|Cookbook policy overall]]. It's even better if you've made the recipe and can contribute a nice picture and specific guidance/instructions/notes! Please feel free to ask me any questions. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::Oh, and regarding the featured recipes section, I actually haven't gotten around to looking into that yet—there's been a lot to do! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:28, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::That's great, thanks a lot for your response. This is just delightful. Maybe content review is something that we could collaborate on. There's a lot of recipes in here and it would be nice to know which ones are the best. Question for you, [[:Category:Brown sauces]] is really bothering me. How can I move that to Brown sauce recipes? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:29, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::Good catch on that category! It seems like it was created two decades ago and never got corrected—feel free to recategorize those recipes. Thank you also for introducing the hideprefix parameter to the category trees—I didn't realize that was an option, and it reduces the visual clutter! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::My pleasure! As I continue to look at the categories, this is actually worse than I thought. We have both [[:Category:Sauce recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes for condiments]] and I suspect that's just the beginning. I want to go through and categorize everything properly, but the bones aren't even there... How long do I have to be here before it'll let me create and move around categories? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:40, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Regarding the categories, the category overhauling is in progress, since I address the category when I overhaul the associated page. The variation in titling is actually somewhat deliberate—I started changing it from "____ recipes" in certain cases to solve a particular categorization problem. Sometimes, there is an item that is used in recipes as an ingredient but for which there are also recipes. For example, [[:Category:Recipes for bread]] versus [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]. The different naming scheme is necessary to properly delineate the categories, and I'm working on implementing it a bit more consistently as I go. While you're still getting started, it would be great if you could check with me when something looks odd or out of place—that way I can take a look and weigh in on whether that's normal or not and maybe provide some context. Just off the top of my head, I think you will have to wait for autoreview status to make move changes. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::I see what you're saying, I've been trying to wrap my head around that. Maybe it would be beneficial to try to put together some sort of a Cookbook MOS regarding category structure? It's kind of all over the place right now. Using your bread example, would it perhaps make more sense to have [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]? There would be no ambiguity with just those two categories, but when you add the extra [[:Category:Recipes for bread]], that's when things start getting a little whacky. What do you think? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:05, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::Either that or get rid of [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and keep the other two. But one of these categories gotta go, I reckon. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:07, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I see you already had the same thought as me. I think all categories should include "for" or "using". Take for example, [[:Category:Recipes for pancakes]] as opposed to [[:Category:Pancake recipes]]. Well obviously there's no recipes using pancakes. But for something like [[:Category:Recipes for gravy]], there may also be a need for [[:Category:Recipes using gravy]]. The lack of consistency in this regard means the only way to achieve consistency across the categories is by changing them over to that format. Sorry for clogging up your talk page! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:18, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Same heads-up as below—migrating this over to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:10, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :Also, on [[Cookbook:Table of Contents]], could you please add a wikilink for [[Cookbook:Breakfast]], and maybe add cooknav to the top for seamless navigation between all the top level articles? Can't edit that article yet. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:47, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == More Table of Content Edits == Hello again. I've been going through everything and this is my list of suggestions for edits to the table of contents. Unfortunately there's not much else I can do for now, because without autoconfirmed my ability to change anything is very limited. I was going to ask for someone to check off the confirmed box for me at RfP but I can't post there either, so I guess I'll be back in four days. * Fix Bread wikilink * Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing * [[Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Low-Carb]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] to [[Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine]] for parity * Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting * Create [[:Category:Lunch recipes]], wikilink to ToC * Wikilink [[Cookbook:Dessert]] under Meals * Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category * Create [[Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine]] so I can add the recipes from [[:Category:East Asian recipes]] to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC * Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction" * Appendix and Equipment sections switch places Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:46, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :I took the liberty of doing it myself in my userspace. You can just copy it over from [[User:MediaKyle/sandbox]]. Figured I'd save you the trouble of trying to figure out what I'm talking about. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 14:15, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Circling back to this! It seems like your suggestions are getting at a couple different things. I'll try to go through them point-by-point below: :* {{xt|Fix Bread wikilink}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing}} see below comments on TOC. :* {{xt|Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for now because I don't fully understand the urgency and I want to triage/prioritize things for you, but please feel free to make this change yourself once you can! :* {{xt|Cookbook:Low-Carb points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for same reason as above. :* {{xt|Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean to Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine for parity}} {{not done}} for now just because we do have a lot of cuisine pages that follow the form "Cuisine of ____". It could be good to standardize, and I had been planning to do that once I got around to the cuisines. :* {{xt|Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting}} {{not done}} for same reason as other redirects :* {{xt|Create Category:Lunch recipes, wikilink to ToC}} Not quite sure what you mean here, and I didn't see what it corresponded to in your linked sandbox page :* {{xt|Wikilink Cookbook:Dessert under Meals}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category}} I'm not sure about this—brunch is in many places considered a separate entity, and I don't necessarily think it would cause confusion. But, overall it's hard to determine whether it should have its own page and TOC link because I haven't actually gotten around to evaluating the meal pages and what role they should play. See also the TOC notes below. :* {{xt|Create Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine so I can add the recipes from Category:East Asian recipes to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC}} {{done}} for now; however, I'm not sure yet whether it will ultimately make sense to keep that as a content page. I think content pages should be reasonably focused, and it may not be the best to have a cuisine page that is so broad. This is something I planned to consider once I made my way around the overhauling the cuisines. :* {{xt|Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction"}} The reason I made it "Introductory Matter" instead of "Introduction" is because there's already a chapter itself titled "Introduction"—it felt odd to have the entire section titled that as well. Happy to discuss other header options (e.g. "Front Matter", which is a generally accepted book term) :* {{xt|Appendix and Equipment sections switch places}} see below comments on TOC. :* '''Comments on the TOC:''' So, I think a fundamental issue with the current TOC is that it somewhat arbitrarily picks and chooses individual pages to link. It also sometimes direct-links to categories and sometimes to content pages, which I don't think we should do. Because the cookbook is so expansive, it's been established that manual indices intending to capture detail in large areas don't really make sense and quickly get bulky and out-of-date. This is why categorytree is such a useful tool! After thinking on it for a while and making some small tweaks, I think I'd ultimately like to overhaul the TOC and come to a solution that keeps a few broad headers/links to the small handful of the primary content pages while perhaps stashing away more detailed and self-updating lists in a collapsible way to reduce clutter but allow for customizable user navigation. Much to think about, and I'll probably workshop some things on the side to see how they feel. :Let me know if I've misunderstood anything! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:24, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for the notes! Here's my thoughts: ::* On the Cuisine titling, it actually seems like [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] and [[Cookbook:East Asian cuisines]] are the only ones that don't follow the naming scheme, i.e. "[[Cookbook:African Cuisine]]", and I think that shorter titles are preferable where it makes sense. ::* On your note about East Asian Cuisine, I actually had the same thought after going through the cuisine pages. Having three separate pages for different kinds of Asian cuisine does seem a little silly, doesn't it? Do you think it might be better to combine all of them under one "Asian Cuisine", but put the different locales under separate headers? ::* On Brunch - I honestly think there's way too much ambiguity around what exactly constitutes as "brunch" to keep that in. I feel as though the term brunch more applies to the time you're eating, rather than the kind of food. I think it would be easier to keep meals that include commonly accepted breakfast foods in the Breakfast category, and things that don't fit neatly into that, into the Lunch category. This would prevent any dilemmas in the future where we can't decide whether something is breakfast or brunch. ::* You're right that it looks a little awkward to have the header as Introduction when there's a page called introduction. I still think that to say "Introductory Matter", or "Front Matter" as you mentioned, is a little long-winded and reflects a more academic tone than needed for a cookbook. Upon further reflection, I think maybe rather than worrying about the header at this point, we should perhaps think about trying to compile all of those short introductory type pages into one comprehensive introductory page. Then we likely won't even need a header for it on the ToC. ::* The ToC is definitely a bit cluttered, and it bothers me too that there's a real lack of consistency across whether the wikilinks lead to a page or a category. I'm not sure how I would feel about cutting away too much of the navigation from it, though, because just about every page on there does have a reason to be there, it's just that they're not presented very nicely. Some of it can certainly get nested or combined though. I'll play around with it over the next few days in my sandbox as well and let you know if I come up with anything. ::* As an aside, the first thing on my to-do list once my autoconfirmed comes through is to start subcategorizing all of the recipes so that they're all nicely sorted in the category trees. When you have a chance, I'd love to hear your thoughts on what we should use as the standard naming for categories. Once we determine this, I think we can also take the liberty of updating the cookbook MoS to reflect it. ::Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:33, 3 March 2025 (UTC) :::Note: After writing this, I realized what you were getting at about slashing away some of the subpages. Maybe we can come up with a system where all of those subpages are under their main subpage rather than on the ToC. For example, all the Cuisines are under [[Cookbook:Cuisines]], all techniques under [[Cookbook:Cooking Techniques]], to keep the subpages off the main ToC. Also, I wonder if maybe we should try to make a centralized discussion for this somewhere, in case anyone else wants to join in at some point? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:45, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::Heads-up: to make it easier to keep track of these and since I think they deserve their own discussions, I'm going to gradually migrate them over individually to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:52, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Good idea. Can you remove the semi-protection from that talk page? I see no reason why it should be protected. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:23, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook ToC == Hi [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]. I was just wondering why you didn't respond to my above message, and started a separate sandbox for the ToC instead? It seems as though you don't really want to collaborate. It would be nice if we could work on this together. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 22:43, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] thanks for the ping! I'm sorry you feel like I don't want to collaborate—the opposite is true, and please understand that this is good-faith editing. The reason I haven't responded to the above points is mostly since you've been modifying a bunch of content and adding suggestions lately, and I've been working my way through these while continuing with my routine contributions and real life as well—things happen a little more slowly here than on other projects, and I'm the one person dedicated to the cookbook right now. The reason I created that sandbox was because I saw [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#Modernize the shelves|your comment]] at the reading room and wanted to play around and think about your suggestion without touching the actual TOC. You're right that it's not the best, and it's been something I've been thinking about for a bit now. Please understand also that it can be overwhelming when a new editor unfamiliar with the Cookbook begins making a high volume of edits and suggestions without having much experience with it or its history—this isn't to say that you don't have good ideas or things worth contributing. In fact, you have already made a few helpful changes, as I've mentioned. I just want to do this properly and take the time to evaluate your suggestions together with the current efforts that are underway, and that can take a bit. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:03, 2 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for getting back to me. While I may be new to Wikibooks, I'm certainly not new to MediaWiki, and I've been working with small wiki projects for a number of years. Perhaps it's been a misunderstanding to some degree, but I've found my reception here to be unusually unwelcoming. The way to do this properly, as you said, would be to have discussions and form consensus. Yesterday, when you reached out to me about adding hideroot to the pages, I gave you my rationale and was more than happy to have a discussion about it, but you did not reply. I noticed a similar situation happened with [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_talk:Ottawahitech#Category_sorting Ottawahitech], regarding category sorting. I'm aware that you're the main person looking after the cookbook right now, which is why I reached out to you right from the get go. ::I understand why you would want to create your own sandbox to play around with options for the ToC, but I'm sure you can understand why it would draw my attention that you would do this without implementing any of the wikilink fixes I mentioned, or making an attempt to discuss it further. This came across to me as not wanting my help. ::I invite you to check out my page on Wikipedia. I've made contributions across quite a wide area of topics there, as well as the other Wikimedia projects, and this is the first time I've encountered any sort of resistance to my contributions. I think Wikibooks has enormous potential, and I'm very excited to contribute to helping it grow. On most projects, this would be something to be encouraged. I don't feel like "I'm sorry that you feel that way" was really an appropriate response. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:59, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :::I think you're right that this has been a mix of misunderstanding and miscommunication, and I think I can understand how things came across as unwelcoming! For whatever it's worth, I absolutely plan on circling back to the various discussions at hand (I have all the relevant pages open to return to), but it seems like the order I did things made it seem like I was ignoring you (if I'm understanding correctly). I am pretty busy, so sometimes items on my to-do list do get lost/shunted or it takes me a bit to get around to something—please don't hesitate to give me a ping if it seems like I'm taking a while to get back to something. Looking forward to more collaboration! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:49, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::I'm glad you can understand where I'm coming from. To clarify, my intent is not to try to rush you, or to try to push you to make changes that you don't agree with. It's really easy to misinterpret things over the Internet, and I think a short message can go a long way. I apologize if I've caused you any undue stress by coming into the cookbook and unleashing a flurry of alterations, but do rest assured that I'm not married to any of my changes, I'm always open for discussion, and I want to see the cookbook improve just like you do. The great thing about wikis is that no change is permanent. I think we'll have it in tip-top shape in no time! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:19, 3 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Polish Doughnuts (Paczki)]] == Do you see any reason not to just add this to Featured Recipes? At least we know this one works, and it seems like this is now one of the few recipes to have a picture that actually aligns with the recipe used. I was thinking later on we'll come up with a content review system where a couple editors will actually try the recipes nominated for FR, but in the absence of that I'd just add it to the list. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 12:25, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :I'm fine with adding it to the featured recipes. You're right that we'll want to come up with a good system for this going forward, though it's lower down on my personal priority list at moment. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Cream Cheese American Buttercream]] == Hi! I am a wikiHow user and I am planning to adapt this recipe to wikiHow. Since you contributed to this recipe, I wanted to know if I can get permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe. Thanks. [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 21:41, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] that's fine with me as long as proper attribution and linking back to the original recipe page here are included at the top. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:28, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[A Companion to Our Literary Journey]] == Hi! I feel that we have started to outline the scope in a clearer and more precise way and that’s the work we are going to do with the students this and for the next years, adding more sections and content. Do you think that would be enough? [[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]] ([[User talk:Ferdi2005|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ferdi2005|contribs]]) 22:43, 6 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]]! Yes, this seems to be reasonably outlined. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:51, 7 March 2025 (UTC) == Exercising care with copyright == When deleting a page as a copyright violation, it is important that you '''do not quote any content from the deleted page'''. If you do, then your log entry is itself a copyright violation. I have redacted a recent deletion that you performed because of this. If you want to make sure that none of your past deletions have been problematic for this reason, you can [[quarry:query/90444|run this SQL query]] to get a list of every deletion that could be eligible for redaction. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 18:32, 21 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] and thank you for the message. In the most recent instance that I think you're referencing, I do not see any material in the edit summary that posed a significant risk—I don't believe the few listed words would be a copyright concern. However, I do understand your concern! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:31, 21 March 2025 (UTC) == Splitting Pages == Hi I have recently made the book on the [[History of the Nawabs of Bengal]] and you gave a notice on how you believe it should be split into smaller bits. As I am still new to wikibooks I don't know how to do this. Can you please assist me on renaming the page so I can split the page into multiple pages? @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 19:47, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]]: You did it. I've removed the tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 22:44, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :Like @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] said, you're all set! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 29 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks! @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 10:24, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == Minecraft book == Is it good creating pages like this, [[Minecraft#Husk]]? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 12:43, 9 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] what do you mean? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:18, 10 May 2025 (UTC) ::are we allowed to create pages like that? like for every mob [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:02, 11 May 2025 (UTC) :::To be honest, I don't think the structure and formatting of the book is very good. Several of the mob pages, for example, have very little information and aren't particularly helpful on their own. If I were working on it, I would restructure the book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:09, 11 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I am planning to do that. [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 04:19, 12 May 2025 (UTC) == Request to Review Adjusted User Page (XoriantTeam) == Hello [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I hope you're well. I noticed that my user page ([[User:XoriantTeam]]) was recently deleted for appearing promotional or inappropriate for Wikibooks. Thank you for keeping the community standards in check. I’ve since revised the content with closer attention to neutrality and compliance with Wikibooks guidelines. My intent is to participate constructively, especially in areas related to digital engineering and educational content creation. If possible, I’d appreciate your help reviewing the revised version. I'm happy to share it or upload it as a file if there’s a preferred method. Please let me know how best to proceed. I welcome any suggestions and will gladly make further adjustments. Best regards, XoriantTeam [[User:XoriantTeam|XoriantTeam]] ([[User talk:XoriantTeam|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/XoriantTeam|contribs]]) 11:02, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :Hi there—you can publish an updated user page, but I'd caution you against talking about your company. Keep it limited to your involvement with Wikibooks. You may contribute productively here, but further promotional materials are grounds for an indefinite block. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:30, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == Planning to use AWB to update categories on the cookbook == Hello. I noticed in recent changes that you were moving some categories using HotCat (e.g. moving Category:Chile recipes to Category:Recipes using chile), which can be time-consuming. Therefore, I plan to help you with moving the cookbook categories by adding myself to enabledusers and enabledbots in [[Wikibooks:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON]]. Would this be fine if I assist you and to add myself to the check page? I am familiar with using AWB after testing on a non-Wikimedia project. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:42, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—thank you for the tip! I just installed JWB, so this should make my mass cat changes much faster. Thanks again! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:11, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for the information. Also, is it okay if I change (for example) [[:Category:Vinegar recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes using vinegar]] (I can redirect the former category to the latter), given that we should move {{tq|Category:[ingredient] recipes}} to {{tq|Category:Recipes using [ingredient]}} for consistency? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:57, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :::Sure thing—go ahead! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:53, 8 June 2025 (UTC) == Tool for even faster category changes == See [[:c:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot#As_your_user_gadget]]. I just [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:Koavf/common.js&action=history installed it] and used it dozens of times in a click. Let me know if you need any help. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:36, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] Thanks! I'm having a little trouble activating it, but I'll keep trying. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:54, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::A lot of times, a purge will do the trick. See [[:mw:Purge]]. Usually just <kbd>Ctrl+Shift+R</kbd> once or twice. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:55, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :::Took several purges, but we're set now! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:16, 19 June 2025 (UTC) == Advice on when I should run for adminship == Hi, I hope you are doing well. I am asking for some advice on when I should run for enwikibooks adminship, given the following below: Currently, I am doing some optimizations for dark mode on this project, and some of the message box/MediaWiki interface/template pages might be outdated, fully protected, or can use a little help using mw-parser-output. These unfortunately might hinder the process of updating these pages/templates for Vector 2022's dark mode.<br> Additionally, I have a solid expertise with edit filters, as I have requested some administrators to update deprecated filter variables, switching filters from warn and disallow to disallow only, and I can also monitor the filter log for potential false positives (from local or global filters). A fellow English Wikibooks administrator also said to me that they are willing to support me in a few months when I run for adminship, as I am generally trusted. I hold two advanced global permissions, and I hold an edit filter helper permission on the English Wikipedia, to be sure. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:02, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—good question! I agree that you are a trusted user, and I think it would be reasonable for you to run for adminship, especially given our need to fix up technical aspects of the project. If you don't plan to commit to Wikibooks long-term (i.e. you have some projects you'd like to take a few months to complete and then be done), you can always request temporary adminship. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:30, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for your feedback, but I also plan to monitor for vandalism/spam, and to commit to reduce the administrative assistance reading room backlog, should I be elected for adminship (and I forgot to mention those). Anyway, regarding your feedback, I might run by August or even July, given that I've lately started contributing more often to Wikibooks. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) ::: [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I am pinging you one more time to see if you have read my response above yours. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:34, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]! I'm not sure what you mean—was there an additional question you had? Everything you've outlined seems quite reasonable. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:26, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::: Apologies for the confusion, I don't have any questions to ask. I was clarifying that I can help with implementing edit requests and to block obvious vandals and spammers, aside from the skills I mentioned earlier. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:32, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == how is it you feel able to interfere in my sandbox? == you deleted a page in my sandbox that was my way of providing my response to a request from an OpenSCAD dev team leader for a couple of text blurbs for use on a web page of the OpenSCAD site. now that you have deleted my page i have to recreate the texts from a screenshot to be able to offer the suggestions, which i will This kind of high handed treatment is what keeps me from being a wiki-anything contributor .. If it is Wiki policy to interfere in the documentation of an open source project because it is hosted on Wikibooks then i will take up the task of moving our online docs to a site where you cannot interfere. -- [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 21:56, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]]—thanks for bringing this to my attention. I now understand that this was intended to be in your user namespace—I've undeleted it and moved it to the correct namespace for you. Let me know if anything else comes up! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::ah .. err .. umm .. well that is a gentle answer to my ire. Thanks for being so gracious [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::and .. isn't my sandbox in my namespace by default? [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:30, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::No worries—it looks like you didn't add the prefix "User:" before writing out the full page titles, so the pages you created were technically in the project's Main space with the official published materials. Going forward, you can just double-check that the page title starts with "'''User:'''VulcanWikiEdit/sandbox", and that should keep everything in the right place! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::BTW .. i love the play on cat lover name [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 15:35, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :::::Thank you! That's very kind. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:46, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Regarding the user Codename Tameirao == Could this be Matthew again (the Unicode LTA)? I believe it might be him based on his usage of edit summaries, and his usual edits to [[Unicode/Versions]]. I just blocked his recent account, and then I protected and stabilized that Unicode book. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 23:51, 12 August 2025 (UTC) :I suspect you're right! That seems like a reasonable course of action. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:56, 13 August 2025 (UTC) :: I recently encountered another possible LTA, see [[Special:Contributions/~2025-55706-6]] (as well as [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]]). I can email you more details if you want. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 16:30, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::I think this is the same LTA, yes! I've protected [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]], but I think it would be a good idea if we could automate this monitoring somewhat using the edit filter. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:07, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::: I don't think that was Matthew, as he typically uses edit summaries. The deleted page was not protected, as it was protected before you deleted it; I salted it from creation for one year. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 20:22, 9 September 2025 (UTC) ::::: You might want to look at [[Special:Contributions/Freddy Fazbearing Others]]. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:18, 26 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::Thank you! I went ahead and blocked them. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:54, 28 October 2025 (UTC) == IP block exempt == Hi Kitty, I currently have IP block exemption on enwiki, Commons and Wikidata as I use VPNs connected to my internet security software. Can you please grant me the right on wikibooks. I have a strong password and use two factor authentication. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 10:51, 22 August 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TarnishedPath|TarnishedPath]]! This doesn't sound unreasonable to me, but I think it would be good if you requested at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]] so we can have a discussion—I have not granted this right before. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::Kitty, thanks for pointing me in the right direction. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 03:25, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::See [[Wikibooks:Requests_for_permissions#TarnishedPath_(discuss_·_contribs_·_count_·_logs_·_block_log_·_rfp_·_rights)_(IP_Block_Exemption)]] ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 03:35, 23 August 2025 (UTC) == You've got mail! == {{You've got mail|sig=<span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 00:20, 6 September 2025 (UTC)}} :Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:06, 6 September 2025 (UTC) == Are you able to import? == I made a few requests over at https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_import . [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 22:32, 4 October 2025 (UTC) : [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]], I'll go ahead and start the imports. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:29, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you for your help [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:51, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::: My apologies for not doing this sooner, because some database error appears when I am trying to mass import. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:39, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::::I also tried to make this import earlier and ran into issues with the software. I was hoping it was a temporary bug, but it seems to be persisting. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:01, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::This seems like I should get involved. {{working}}... [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 13:11, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::: I believe there are five pages that have massive page histories they fail to import here. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::::I backed up the XMLs of them locally but im unsure how much that'd do. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:18, 6 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Just became an importer. The reason is prob understandable but I cannot upload the XML file to here locally. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 17:23, 10 October 2025 (UTC) == About the category parameter in the recipe summary template == When it uses a "recipe by type" category, should it use a "[type/food] recipes" name or "Recipes for [type/food]"? I recently operated JWB to change from [[:Category:Dessert recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes for dessert]] in multiple Cookbook recipes, and from what I've said before, I've changed to ''Recipes for dessert'' in the category parameter of Cookbook recipes. Hope you don't mind that this was over more than 250 changes (not counting the recent category changes after moving some recipe categories). Thanks. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:07, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—those JWB changes you made seem fine to me! I'm not quite sure what you're asking in your first sentence, though. Assuming I understand correctly: in general, I think the default format should be whatever the actual category name is. BUT if there is a redirect, it ultimately shouldn't matter too much. And, because I'm not convinced of the utility of that infobox parameter in the first place (thinking of removing it), I'm not hugely concerned about it for the time being. Does this help? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:21, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :: Probably, but I will say the following below (for my first sentence) to clarify: :: On the <code>|category =</code> parameter, when placing a recipe category name, should it either be {{tq|Sandwich recipes}} or {{tq|Recipes for sandwiches}}? I hope this clears the confusion. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:39, 27 October 2025 (UTC) == Please no more Unicode LTA == Please don't block me again. I promise I will edit Unicode stuff and add correct information. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-30839-28|&#126;2025-30839-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-30839-28|talk]]) 20:54, 1 November 2025 (UTC) :<small>I am a bit out of the loop, so correct me if I'm wrong - I'm assuming here</small> I think the point is that they want you to ''not'' edit the Unicode stuff? Also hi kitty, it's been a ... very long time.. <sup>&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]</sup> / <sub>[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]</sub> 01:13, 5 November 2025 (UTC) ::Ok so apparently not as long as I thought, but it feels like I've been away for at least a year lol <sup>&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]</sup> / <sub>[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]</sub> 01:23, 5 November 2025 (UTC) :::Nice to see you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:41, 5 November 2025 (UTC) == Administrator and reviewer user right combinations are not needed anymore == Given that administrators can review edits in addition to reviewers, I would suggest for you (and other administrators) to kindly remove the reviewer permission from (own) accounts. What I'm saying is that if one holds administrator and reviewer permissions together, they can remove the reviewer permission from their own account and retain their administrator permission. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:06, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :Gotcha—is there a reason it's bad for one user to have both these rights? If so, I can remove my reviewer right. Otherwise, it seems fairly harmless? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:26, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :: The thing is, administrators have the <code>review</code> user right, as well as some permissions in the reviewer user group in the administrator toolset. That means that having the reviewer user group together with the admin user group is redundant. Hope this explains it. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:59, 11 November 2025 (UTC) ::: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] <s>I'll do this tomorrow morning, as well as to remove autoreviewed user permissions from users who are reviewers.</s> ({{doing}}) [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:24, 12 November 2025 (UTC) : I have removed the autoreviewed user permission from users who are reviewers. As for administrators, I will do so later today. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:40, 13 November 2025 (UTC) == Nesting in Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities == Hi Kittycataclysm, I am editor of wikipedia since 2004. We have the habit if we have a concern using the talk page to clarify the case. I am not sure to delete meaningful content without previous notification and doing major redirection without agreeing the main contributor(s) is an adequate admin act and sign of good manner of host (see [[W:Wikipedia:Etiquette|Wikipedia:Etiquette]].) Yes, It will be not an average book but above the regular. This is the exact case: ''"this may be appropriate, such as with large textbooks that contain subsections with a lot of content."'' ''for to establish good structural and stylistic practices'' I have a data management certification. If you asking it will have 4 nest level on strict purpose. If you saw the introduction of the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] is/will be a global collection making effective collaboration over borders and continents. One structured + categorized(!) page for each community willing to show up. The Postal addresses has also same or larger deepness, this is unavoidable (Country/Postal Code/Location/Street/House/floor/door). Here will looks like: '''Eco-comm/Continent/Regio code/Community name''' The goal of this system to open bridge + experience highway for the communities using the same permaculture technics what collected parallelly in [[Open Book of Permaculture]]. That is also part of this knowledge base please dont do simplification steps on that without discussion. I am kindly asking to revert your edits in this book. After that I will put a notification template about "This book is under construction with major changes. Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History. Common clarifications/ guides are on the primary talk page." Thanks: [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 02:22, 12 November 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]], and thank you both for your contributions and for reaching out! Yes, I did make the following changes to [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]: :* I moved the pages from the [[Eco-comm]] namespace to the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] namespace, since the table of contents and pages for a given book should be under that book's namespace. :* I removed the links to Wikipedia that were on [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]], since outlinking has been discouraged at en.Wikibooks as a matter of practice. Compilations of links may not fall into WB scope as an instructional text, and [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia|there is precedent for deleting them]]. But, I do see that the tool I used didn't just remove links to enWP, so I will restore the prior revision and ping the tool developer. :* I flagged it as needing denesting—you're right that nested entries can sometimes be appropriate. In this case, I was primarily flagging for a denest because the table of contents needs to be moved onto the main page, and it shouldn't have hidden navigation within the nested portions. :Could you clarify which of these edits you do not agree with so I can make sure they are individually addressed? As an aside, it could be helpful to create a [[Help:Local manuals of style|local manual of style]] for the book in order to clearly outline the expectations. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:59, 12 November 2025 (UTC) ::My main concern not about moving and flagging but '''deleting''' [[Eco-comm]] against [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] and not mentioning in the clarification even after my notification. Should I note all administrators [[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers]] - or will they do speedy deleting one by one until I make them individually addressed? :::The <u> local manual of style</u> development is ongoing together with the sample pages. ::'''MAIN PAGE''' ::The '''Main page''' and '''Namespace''' is the [[Eco-comm]]. The '''Full Title''' or '''Cover''' is [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]. Because of the high level of nesting the below extra-long-full-text-title to be avoided the Cover page is a redirection with preface/intro etc. ::'''NESTING ''' :::Featured book with 3 level nesting: [[Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education/Educational Change/Theory]] :::5 level nesting example: [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] ::'''Categories''' The [[:Category:Eco-comm]] will let the users make practical sub-categories e.g. [[:Category:Eco-comm/Project/numundo]] [[:Category:Eco-comm/]] ::: ::[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 03:44, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you for elaborating! I'm unfortunately not sure what you mean about deleting [[Eco-comm]]—are you referring to the fact that I moved it without leaving a redirect? Regarding the nesting, I do honestly think those other books you linked should have their navigation denested since I find their format difficult to parse, and they have some navigation issues. Looping in some other active admins (@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] (@[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]) so they can get eyes on this and voice anything they think is important. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:12, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::It makes no sense to have some crazy abbreviation as a "main page" or "namespace" (whatever that means in this context) for a book in order to allow it to be deep nested. Nobody needs to type the whole name of the nesting because that's what navigation templates do, and it is a simple matter to override the page title. I also take issue with the statement, above, "Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History." Anybody can edit, and nobody gets to own and control any work. Taken together, this complaint looks like a case of attempting to assert ownership and to operate against the normal practices of Wikibooks. As such, I am completely aligned with the changes made. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:49, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::::That. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 14:59, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] for the contribution, btw the [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] also looks crazy long, is'nt it? Lets continue in the [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/General]] keeping this page for personal messages. [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 23:07, 20 November 2025 (UTC) == Deletions of Wikibook subpages == Hello @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], regarding the [[Thesis Writing Guide]] subpage deletions, should I just recreate them when I keep working on them or was there an automatic deletion that we could undo? This document will grow, but really slowly. Best, Tim [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 11:37, 16 December 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]]! Since there was so little content on the deleted pages, my recommendation would just be for you to gradually recreate the chapters as you go. Does that make sense? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:54, 17 December 2025 (UTC) ::Makes sense, not my ideal solution, but also not far from it :) The end result will be the same, the in-between will just feel a little bit weird from time to time. ::Thank you for taking time to curate and quality-control Wikibooks - wishing wonderful holidays and a happy new year! [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 20:43, 17 December 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you, and happy holidays to you as well :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 17 December 2025 (UTC) == help with "Media Literacy and You" == {{re|Kittycataclysm}} What do I need to do to get a quality review of ''[[Media Literacy and You]]'', or whatever is needed to remove <nowiki>{{Qr-em|not clear how this is to be structured as a book}}</nowiki>? I ask, because you added that flag just over 2 hours after I created it. I later found that I had accidentally created it as an anonymous user. I've since started using my standard Wikiname, and I tried to respond to the requests both by creating a discussion on the "Discussion" page associated with that book and by upgrading the content. The upgrades included adding the "Introduction" chapter by revising an article on Wikiversity that convinced me to start this Wikibook. I have other articles that I plan to rewrite to create 9 of the remaining 11 chapters in the current table of contents, as indicated in this table of contents. ??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:23, 8 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]]! I removed the query flag, since this is clearly not a test page. I do have concerns about the suitability of this book for Wikibooks, since it seems to be more in line with essays and original research/analysis (which are [[Wikibooks:WIW|out of scope here]]). Wikiversity seems like a very suitable place for them—is there a specific reason you want to move them here? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:24, 8 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::This book is intended to accelerate the diffusion of [[w:Media literacy|media literacy]] by making it easier for humans to (a) access training materials and (b) connect with research on the most important issues that concern them and (c) discuss those issues with others who may believe differently in a nonthreatening context that encourages dialogue and a shared search for what can honestly be said about any particular issue. This is an extension of "The wisdom of polarized crowds" discussed in [[Wikipedia:Reliability of Wikipedia]]. ::I don't know about you, but I'm frightened by the collapse of nuclear arms control agreements since the year 2000, by global warming, by the threats of the Trump administration to invade Canada and Greenland, etc. If this book project is successful, it will make a material contribution to reversing these trends -- unless this kind of dialogue is [[v:Responding to a nuclear attack|interrupted by a nuclear war]]. === Who is DavidMCEddy === ::I'm a [[w:Vietnam veteran|Vietnam-era veteran]] with a PhD in statistics and a publication record for which [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Spencer-Graves-3 ReserchGate has found over 1,200 academic publications that have cited my work.] Since [https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/en.wikipedia.org/DavidMCEddy 2010 I have logged] * 6,000+ edits in each of Wikipedia and Wikiversity, * 1,000+ in Wikimedia Commons, * 30,000+ in Wikidata, and * almost 1,000 in other Wikimedia Foundation projects like Wikiquote and edits to the Spanish, French and German Wikipedias. This includes dozens of research reports posted to Wikiversity under [[v:Category:Freedom and abundance]] and 44 posts under [[v:Category:Media reform to improve democracy]] that provide a platform for documenting and discussing 44 episodes of a fortnightly "Media & Democracy" series of 29:00 mm:ss podcasts syndicated for the [https://pacificanetwork.org/stations-2/ Pacifica Radio Network] featuring the opinions of leading experts on the increase in political polarization and violence and what those experts think should be done about this. I've just posted another chapter to [[Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. I hope you will agree that this book can make a positive contribution to Wikibooks and to [[w:Jimmy Wales|Jimbo Wales]]' [[w:Wikipedia:Prime objective|Prime Directive]] to create "a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge." Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 01:19, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Thank you and I understand this, but I am asking why you think this material is more suitable at Wikibooks rather than at Wikiversity. From what I can see, Wikiversity seems like the more appropriate home for it given our [[Wikibooks:WIW|scope]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:59, 9 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::"Media Literacy and You" is textbook to support both self study and classes on media literacy. ::I have been posting content to Wikiversity since 2014 and have not encountered support there for books. A search just now turned up a hint of a book on Wikiversity, but I could not easily find anything on how to do it, etc. ::I think this "Media Literacy and You" project would lose the vast majority of its potential if it were not on Wikibooks. ::??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:22, 9 February 2026 (UTC) {{outdent}} {{re|Kittycataclysm}} Will you please help me with the protocols of creating a book on Wikiversity? 1. I have found documentation that claims that Wikiversity supports such. However, the documentation seems incomplete, potentially out of date, etc. For example, I could not see how to follow the instructions for [[Wikiversity:Help:Books#Step 1: Enable the "Book creator" tool]]. So I posted a question to [[Wikiversity:Help talk:Books]]. 2. What do you suggest I do next? :I can create an article on Wikiversity titled, "Media Literacy and You", and port everything I've posted to Wikibooks there, then replace the pages on Wikibooks with redirects to [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You]], [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/Introduction]], and [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. :If you think that's the best way to build this book project, great. It would actually be easier for me, because there would be less translation between what I already have on Wikiversity and a version for Wikibooks. (Also, Wikiversity supports <nowiki>{{cite Q|...}}</nowiki>, which I have used extensively for years.) :Thanks for your help. [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 13:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Unfortunately, I am not familiar with the exact workings of Wikiversity, so I can't be much help there. My personal recommendation is that you ask there for help on how best to structure your materials to match the WV requirements. If you'd like some additional opinions/insight, please feel free to also check in at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General|reading room]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 10 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} I believe I have finished migrating all of ''Media Literacy and You'' to Wikiversity and replacing the parts of it on Wikibooks with redirects. Comments? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 17:32, 10 February 2026 (UTC) == Thank you! == Heya, thanks for reviewing my stuff! Just to note, the first lesson page was done and so that'll need moving. If you want to discuss anything with me, I am easily reachable on Discord @ xiluosi233. I can explain philosophy, approach, and so on from my teaching experience if you want anything regarding that. [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:48, 17 February 2026 (UTC) :It appears [[An Introduction to the Han Script]] was moved wrong - should it not be [[General Literary Chinese from Scratch/An Introduction to the Han Script]]? [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:52, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] good catch! I accidentally removed more of the title than intended. I've fixed this now. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:18, 18 February 2026 (UTC) == A test request == Just to see whether a recent Luna update turned out as intended, could you briefly revert your [[User:Kittycataclysm/lunaoptions.json|Luna preferences page]] to the first revision? Since you don't appear to have any custom preferences in the first place, I don't think there should be any conflicts. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 01:49, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :Done! But, it seems to have perhaps auto-updated again immediately afterwards. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:39, 10 April 2026 (UTC) == Linking == Hi,<br> For my edification, why is a link from [[Cookbook:nettle|nettle]] to [[w:Urtica_dioica|Urtica dioica]] not appropriate? The Wikipedia article has more information & seems relevant.<br> Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 01:53, 24 April 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] good question! Wikibooks discourages outlinking, since books should be self-contained units. Instead of linking to [[w:Urtica dioica]], the correct approach would be to flesh out the actual chapter here at Wikibooks. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:34, 24 April 2026 (UTC) ::Should all material in the Wikipedia article about Urtica dioica relevant to cooking be duplicated into the nettle article in the cookbook? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 02:30, 2 May 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] you could do that, although you should only include information that is sourced. However, I recommend that you wait, because I am coincidentally working on the page right now and fleshing it out significantly. I should publish today. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:40, 2 May 2026 (UTC) ::::The nettle page is better now. Thanks. ::::I still wonder, given that the link to ''The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, ...'' is permitted, why not a link to the botanically oriented page in Wikipedia. What if someone reads the Cookbook article and is interested in the toxin for example? Seems that non-Wikimedia references are more privileged than Wikimedia references. ::::Also, by chance, just noticed the [[w:Nettle_soup|Nettle soup]] article in Wikipedia. Better in the Cookbook? ::::Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 19:10, 5 May 2026 (UTC) :::::Another good question. The reason those books are linked is because they are reputable and topical sources for the subject matter (nettles as used in cooking from an instructional perspective), and the links are part of the citations—this makes it different from a simple outlink to a Wikipedia page. Wikipedia pages should also not be cited themselves as sources. Regarding nettle soup, I don't think it makes sense to have that as a standalone page here in the cookbook due to its encyclopedic tone, and I don't see any recipes there. Does this make sense? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:21, 6 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::Somewhat. Certainly a recipe wouldn't be incongruous in a cookbook. Still seems unhelpful that relevant information in Wikipedia is inaccessible from a Wikibook. In effect there's a "Berlin Wall" between two Wikimedia projects. Would a "See also" section be permissible? ::::::Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 14:00, 7 May 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:32, 28 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471751 --> == Undeletion request == Hello, I am writing to request an undeletion of the page Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad. You stated you are a frequent visitor of the Lentis page and are thus familiar with it. This page was part of a class assignment and was in progress at the time of deletion. The work deleted is what we will be graded on for our class, so we would appreciate the restoration. [[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] ([[User talk:Yqj3km|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Yqj3km|contribs]]) 19:36, 4 May 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] see my response below regarding undeletion. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC) == Undeletion request == About the page on Lentis called Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad: I, too, request undeletion, please. If the authors made any msitakes, the fault is 100 percent mine, for failing to guide them correctly. Like all chapters in this book, this team's chapter is a class assignment. I will be interested also in the reason for deletion so that I can guide authors better. I want to help my students be constructive contributors. Many thanks! [[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 20:03, 4 May 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Norton|Norton]] and thanks for the ping! I deleted it because it was not titled/filed correctly, so I didn't realize it was part of [[Lentis]]. I have undeleted it and moved it to [[Lentis/Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:14, 4 May 2026 (UTC) ::Many, many thanks, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am very grateful as always for everything you do for Wikibooks! ::[[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 22:27, 4 May 2026 (UTC) == Log in issues == Hi, messaging you as you seem to be the most active admin at the moment. I can't log in (as posted at <bdi>[[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance]] and also on my WP page at</bdi> [[w:User_talk:Xania]]). Seems to be an issue with extra security for admins? I am asked to use my authenticator app (which I can't as I have never set it up for Wikibooks) or a recovery code (which I don't have). Any idea what I should do in this situation? Xania [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28255-89|&#126;2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:21, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :Apologies for missing this yesterday! It seems like we have a few people working on it over in the reading room, and I'll keep track there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC) == Splitting pages == FYI, I untagged [[Art Print Production Methods]] as for splitting: the page is rather small with its 20 KB and does not need splitting, in my view. Ideally, there would be an operationalized, fairly detailed policy on the matter, but I do not know of one. Single-page books are in [[:Category:One-page books]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:45, 20 May 2026 (UTC) == <s>Slander</s> == <S>Your tag is slanderous and very easily proven wrong.</s>[https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654455] Given you likely didn't bother to look at the edit history, I would remind you that your given reason that you think it was AI is because you see the chapter is "numbered". That however was 100% my own personal decision after I reviewed my work and thought to myself that I later wrote in the introduction that there is a first to fourth chapter. However I thought to myself that the readers would not be easily made aware of what is meant by first to fourth as I didn't number them - so is why I dedicated an entire edit to make it less ambiguous [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654328]. I should not have to be falsely penalized because I wanted to be more considerate and ensure better clarity. I do however request AI to help me figure out coding like this - [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654329] as I don't know how to link. But I intentionally take great efforts to not rely on AI to write that book and find your wrongful presumptions troubling. [[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 06:00, 15 July 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] thank you for clarifying! I flagged it for review because it matched a common pattern we see associated with LLM use here. If that is not the case, then nothing needs to happen in that respect; however, you will likely want to fix the lists so that they are correctly formatted in the Wikitext and not hard-written—let me know if you have any questions about that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:14, 16 July 2026 (UTC) ::Yeah, I don't instantly understand what you mean by "correctly formatted" list. At first, I assumed you were referring to chapter 4 - (''Further reading'')? But I think I know what you mean. I made this edit here [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654738] to align with how I see wikibooks typically do lists. Did I fix it? If not, feel free to clarify.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 18:35, 16 July 2026 (UTC) ::I thought about how I responded earlier. Even tho I still disagree, I probably shouldn't have used such a tone. I imagine admins like yourself do a lot of work overseeing wiki and the project owes a lot to you guys. So I take back my harsh words, and I hope we're good.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 03:38, 17 July 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] I appreciate that—thank you! And thank you for [[Special:Diff/4654738|making those changes to the lists]], which was indeed what I was referring to. Happy editing! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:31, 17 July 2026 (UTC) == The Geoguide == I literally wrote all of this myself I used no AI if you want to you can highlight the areas that seem way too formal and ill fix them [[User:Kayden Swanson|Kayden Swanson]] ([[User talk:Kayden Swanson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kayden Swanson|contribs]]) 04:22, 18 July 2026 (UTC) :Thank you! I have removed the flag. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:41, 20 July 2026 (UTC) == Vandalism == your recent changes may not be constructive. {{Warning}} [[User:Duodeca 12|Duodeca 12]] ([[User talk:Duodeca 12|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Duodeca 12|contribs]]) 20:39, 2 August 2026 (UTC) == Your recent revert == Could you explain [[Special:Diff/4670314]]? This seems to be you ''restoring'' vandalism, which was originally introduced by [[Special:Diff/4669920]]. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 20:06, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :Good catch! Somehow I didn't have the most recent version of a page loaded, and it seems like Luna reverts the most recent edit of a page and not the specific edit you're viewing. The edit in question should be fixed now. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:11, 15 September 2026 (UTC) ::Sorry {{PAGENAME}} for butting in here, I hope you don't mind. ::Just wanted to mention that I have had a few similar experiences when editing (not having the most recent version of a page loaded). Once this caused me friction with an admin who was convinced I was willfully undoing their edit. This happened years ago on another wikimedia project. ::Ottawahitech [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 01:18, 16 September 2026 (UTC) == Confirmed user == <s>If this is one, could I perhaps be a confirmed user? The software has not granted me autoconfirmed, despite me having the requirements.</s> [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:50, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :This is not needed anymore, thank you! [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:58, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == Vandalism on Unicode/Character reference/1F000-1FFFF == I caught the LTA adding Unicode characters which aren't even approved, I undid it, and they reverted. Please semi-protect this page.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 15:33, 27 September 2026 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:Ruth Bulyaba M]] == Hello Kittycataclysm, I would like to bring to your attention the pages created by this user. I have used AI checkers to check if the page was created by AI, and it turned out to be positive. I have reached out to the user, to no response. Could you perhaps verify if their pages were created by AI? Thank you. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:26, 29 September 2026 (UTC) :Could you perhaps also check [[User:Matovu_Trevor/sandbox|this page]]? Many thanks. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:28, 29 September 2026 (UTC) ::After a cursory look, I do agree that these are LLM-generated. I'm starting to see an influx of editors who add LLM generated content to their sandboxes to take advantage of the fact that we are typically much more lenient about what editors do in their sandboxes. However, because I can't see any way for them to edit the material and publish it in a way that still complies with our policy, I'm inclined to delete them—we ban AI-generated ideas, and there is no way to alter the existing material in a way that circumvents that. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:33, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :::I will note, as an aside, that we do not rely on automated AI checkers, which have their own flaws—rather, we should be able to articulate exactly why we believe something to be in violation of the policy. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:34, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == Recipe == Hello Kittycataclysm, I have created a [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:MathsScienceNerd1/sandbox&oldid=4678337 recipe] that has been translated from nlwikibooks, and I do not know whether it is suitable for enwikibooks, other than it is a recipe of nlwikibooks and thus may conform to the Cookbook MoS over there. Could you perhaps check the page? Regards, --[[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 12:29, 26 October 2026 (UTC) ==[[:Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]]== {{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Kittycataclysm, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] "[[:Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)|Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]]".'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 11:33, 30 October 2026 (UTC)}} :Thank you for the flag! What was the reasoning for deletion here? I don't see it on the page itself. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:53, 3 November 2026 (UTC) ::Ah, my bad! I see it over at RfD. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:55, 3 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Curry Paste]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Curry Paste|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:23, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Doubanjiang]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Doubanjiang|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:29, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Seitan]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Seitan|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:30, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == Clarification Regarding Deleted Wikibooks Sandbox and Future Contributions == I understand there are issues with my sandbox due to deletion and the AI content policy of Wikibooks. However, I would like to contribute to the project by using my own work. If I were to make a new sandbox with the original content would that be ok? Please let me know what to do. Thanks [[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] ([[User talk:SandeepLPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SandeepLPU|contribs]]) 17:22, 5 November 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] and thanks for reaching out! You shouldn't just add back the originally deleted content, since that would still contain AI-generated materials. Instead, I recommend going back to the last point at which the content is entirely your own, and starting over with that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:31, 6 November 2026 (UTC) ::hi @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], actually it is a college acedemic project/assignment, where we (around 150 students) need to write a blog individually on elctronics topic, we are really sorry that this editing stuff were new to us especially in wikibooks, as gen'z were fully dependent on using AI, and growing with it. yeah we do know that we dont need to use AI, but i thought its a sandbox so taking help of AI is not a crime, using AI - the time complexity is reduced. now every students again writing the blog with their own efforts with out using AI. thanks@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] for detecting the errors and guiding us. [[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] ([[User talk:SandeepLPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SandeepLPU|contribs]]) 08:51, 7 November 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you for clarifying and for putting the work in! Keep in mind that Wikibooks [[Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks?|is not meant]] to host essays, blog posts, or other disparate pages that do not work towards a whole, cohesive book. Feel free to start a conversation at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room|reading room]] if you want to open a discussion. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:56, 7 November 2026 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Meat and Sausage Ragu with Pasta]] == How is this recipe incomplete? I added categories and links to other Wiki articles. It's lengthy, accurate and delicious. I really don't have the time to make changes to it. If you delete it, I'm not going to bother writing recipes for Wikibooks anymore because that would make my efforts a waste of time. [[User:Moby-Dick4000|Moby-Dick4000]] ([[User talk:Moby-Dick4000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Moby-Dick4000|contribs]]) 19:06, 7 November 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Moby-Dick4000|Moby-Dick4000]]! Don't worry—I don't think this needs to be deleted. I'm flagging this one in particular as a general reminder that it needs to be worked on. Strictly speaking, based on the cookbook style requirements, it is missing the required ingredient categories and links, and the bullet lists need some adjustments; I'm happy to show you what I mean if you would like! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:36, 7 November 2026 (UTC) lbk50w7gcqbimgtp62zbnqc7pki7d7i 4680938 4680733 2026-11-08T11:19:47Z SandeepLPU 3626630 /* Clarification Regarding Deleted Wikibooks Sandbox and Future Contributions */ Reply 4680938 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |Talk Page Archives |- |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2022|2022]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2023|2023]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2024|2024]] |} == That IP range calculator == Following [[phab:T381138|T381138]], I have now become the maintainer of the IP range calculator you like. You can find it [[toolforge:ftools/general/ip-range-calc.html|here]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:10, 9 January 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for the heads-up! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == A merge and unmerge from two years ago == I was browsing through the history merge log when I saw that you merged [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] into [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]], and then promptly reverted it. What happened here exactly? Could I correct it? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:55, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :Good question! I can't remember what I was trying to do, but it looks like I didn't succeed at what I wanted based on the log comment. You're just trying to history merge to get [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]] to have continuity of history? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:35, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::I think I figured out your mistake: it outright moved the revisions from the first page to the second, rather than copying them. This would have caused the other two [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] pages to have incomplete histories. I think the only solution would be to XML import the pre-April 2023 revisions from the first page to the other three, and I'm not sure if that's the best idea, and I am technically unable to do so. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 16:49, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == Undeletion request == I wouldn't be surprised if you expected this, but I'd like to ask you to undelete the subpages of [[Rotorcraft Fundamentals]] you just deleted with the summary "Use of copyrighted work without permission. Please read Terms of Use: page needs to be imported for attribution", so that I can do that. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 19:54, 14 January 2025 (UTC) :Done! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:57, 14 January 2025 (UTC) ::Upon further investigation, this might actually be a rare case where an [[WB:UT|unmerged transwiki]] is ''preferred'' (this is part of why I stopped calling them "bad transwikis"), since only a small portion of the Wikipedia article (with over 2,000 revisions) was copied over. Importation is generally only needed if the ''majority'' of the page is copied across wikis. I'll just leave a null edit providing attribution and add {{tlx|Copied}}. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 21:19, 14 January 2025 (UTC) == Reusing [[Cookbook:8 Desserts in 1 Pan]] on wikiHow == Hi, I am a user on wikiHow, see [[wikihow:User:Xeverything11]]. I would like to create a new recipe on wikiHow. I wanted to let us know if I can give permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe from Wikibooks to wikiHow. I (as a copyright holder) created this recipe on Wikibooks, but you contributed to this recipe. If not, I'll use the revision before you contributed since I was the only author. Wikibooks uses CC-BY-SA 4.0 while wikiHow uses CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0, which both licenses are incompatible due to ShareAlike conditions. Thanks [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 08:27, 15 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] I'm personally fine with this as long as proper attribution is given back to the original recipe page here. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:52, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::I adapted this [[wikihow:Make-8-Desserts-in-1-Pan|recipe]] on wikiHow with attribution, and got a Rising Star (an achievement used for best new articles on wikiHow). Thank you! [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 19:49, 24 January 2025 (UTC) == Wikibooks community == Hi, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am trying to contribute more to English Wikibooks. My main contributions will focus on the Cookbook, especially on Indonesian recipes. Do you have a community group where we can discuss and share ideas together? I am looking forward to join. Thank you! [[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 08:47, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] Sorry I missed this, and welcome! Are you asking about a Cookbook-specific area for discussion? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:39, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Yes. Do you know place for this? ::Thank you ::[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 09:41, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :::Honestly, there's not a centralized Cookbook-specific discussion space, especially since there aren't currently a ton of active contributors. Some people ask questions at [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. I'm currently the most consistently active and involved Cookbook editor, so feel free to ask me questions! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 22 January 2025 (UTC) == Congratulations! == [[File:Admin T-shirt.svg|thumb|You get this now.]] You are now a permanent administrator. Welcome to the team (I am entitled to say this because I technically got the extension a few hours before you did)!{{FBDB}} [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 10:33, 29 January 2025 (UTC) :Thanks :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:29, 29 January 2025 (UTC) == Is there a way to contact a Steward on WikiBooks? == Hi {{PAGENAME}}, Is there a way to contact a Steward on WB? I tried to find who the active Stewards are here at [[Special:ActiveUsers?username=&groups%5B%5D=steward&wpFormIdentifier=specialactiveusers]] but nothing shows up. The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the [[Wikimania-wiki]], but I just visited the [[wikimania 2014 wiki]] and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the [[Wikimania 2014 main-page talk]] but disovered that the Stewards have protected it. Is there a way wikibookians can communicate with Stewards at WB? Thanks in advance for answering this non-urgent question, and apologies for all the red-links which I can bluify if needed. Cheers [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:37, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] You can ask this on somewhere like [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:01, 7 February 2025 (UTC) <s>:@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] seconding what Leaderboard said—we no longer have any active stewards at enWB.</s> Had a brain fade there and mixed up stewards with bureaucrats. Yes, meta is the place for this. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::@Kittycataclysm,@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], or anyone else: ::Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb. I myself am indef-blocked at META so could not participate at [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]] even if I waned to. ::Since [[Wikimania]] is a topic of interest to all members of the [[wikimedia movement]] why can't wikibookians talk to thier elected representatives here? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:56, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] I can check with the blocking admin to see if they'd be willing to unblock you, if you'd like. The reason things like these are done at Meta is that Meta is a cross-project coordination platform - stewards ''cannot'' be expected to watch every project after all. Now you could message any steward here on Wikibooks if you really wanted to, but that is not normally a good idea. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 02:26, 8 February 2025 (UTC) ::::Wikimania is the annual conference celebrating all the free knowledge projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). It is a wikimedia initiative which is meant to help all of our projects (including wikibooks), gain more readership, educate more wiki-editors, foster better communications, and much more. The wmf has been hosting a Wikimania-wiki dedicated to each Wikimania annual event since 2004. These wikis contain a wealth of information, but can benefit from wiki-improvements, starting from spelling and grammar errors that detract from their to appeal to the general membership. It would be nice if Stewards paid more attention to it. ::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], I truly appreciate your offer, but I posted this here not in order to get someone to advocate for one unblocking at META. As I said earlier: ::::* "Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb" ::::* "The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the Wikimania-wiki, but I just visited the wikimania 2014 wiki and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the Wikimania 2014 main-page talk but disovered that the Stewards have protected it" ::::I would much rather see more wikimedia members question blocking in general at META. One cannot run such large movement of people from different backgrounds and nationalities simply by silencing minorities IMIO. [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:12, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Crystal ball]] == That page appears to be a mixture of isolated paragraphs from [[w:Crystal ball|Crystal ball]], hence my tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 03:04, 9 February 2025 (UTC) :Yep, that seems correct! I also queried it simply because it does not seem suitable for inclusion at all. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:09, 9 February 2025 (UTC) == Question about an edit suggestion == Hi Kittycataclysm, Thanks for the great work you do as an admin! I wanted to clarify a suggestion you made on a recently published page I’m working on. You recommended splitting it into smaller sections—would you suggest creating separate pages for these sections, or would a higher-level header for some topics be sufficient? Any specific recommendations you have would be greatly appreciated! Here’s the link to the page I’m referring to: [[Funding and Finance of Transportation Projects in the United States of America]] Thank you! [[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]] ([[User talk:Svrmustafa|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Svrmustafa|contribs]]) 18:19, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]], and thanks for asking! Splitting refers to creating new pages, each with a smaller amount of content. The main page should then contain a table of contents, and each page can contain a navigation template for easier navigation. I'll create the table of contents based on the current work and move some content to one of those pages as an example for you; then, you can do the rest. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:26, 19 February 2025 (UTC) ::Following up on this—I noticed that you use the term "paper". However, technically Wikibooks hosts books not papers, so you should probably change this wording. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:38, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Talkback == {{Talkback|Cookbook talk:Chilli Crab|Recipe Questions}} [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 09:54, 19 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] I also made [[Cookbook:Prata|this]] [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:15, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Hello == Can you look at my latest recipe? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 00:10, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :I saw it! It needs a few corrections, which I'll note. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:23, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] How do you write recipe summary, correct headers [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 06:04, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :::Please see [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template]]. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:08, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::::ok [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 02:33, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook == Hi there, Kittycataclysm. I wandered over here from Wikipedia, and I'm quite enamoured with this cookbook. I noticed you seem to be the one maintaining it, and I thought I'd reach out. Can I really just start cranking out recipes from public domain cookbooks and my family recipes? It's that simple? I was also wondering about the featured recipes section. There's not very many in there, and I imagine there's not very many folks around to do reviews compared to GAR on Wikipedia. How do you handle content review? Thanks. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:51, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] and welcome! For some context, the Cookbook has been around since the very beginning of Wikibooks, but it had gotten into a bit of disarray over the course of about two decades by the time I found it. I started the long process of overhauling, standardizing, and expanding it just over four years ago—I finished standardizing the recipe formatting and quality a while back and am currently working my way through the ingredient pages before moving on to equipment, techniques, and cuisines. You can absolutely add any public domain recipes as well as your own recipes—they just need to conform to the [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template|recipe template]] and [[Cookbook:Policy|Cookbook policy overall]]. It's even better if you've made the recipe and can contribute a nice picture and specific guidance/instructions/notes! Please feel free to ask me any questions. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::Oh, and regarding the featured recipes section, I actually haven't gotten around to looking into that yet—there's been a lot to do! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:28, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::That's great, thanks a lot for your response. This is just delightful. Maybe content review is something that we could collaborate on. There's a lot of recipes in here and it would be nice to know which ones are the best. Question for you, [[:Category:Brown sauces]] is really bothering me. How can I move that to Brown sauce recipes? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:29, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::Good catch on that category! It seems like it was created two decades ago and never got corrected—feel free to recategorize those recipes. Thank you also for introducing the hideprefix parameter to the category trees—I didn't realize that was an option, and it reduces the visual clutter! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::My pleasure! As I continue to look at the categories, this is actually worse than I thought. We have both [[:Category:Sauce recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes for condiments]] and I suspect that's just the beginning. I want to go through and categorize everything properly, but the bones aren't even there... How long do I have to be here before it'll let me create and move around categories? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:40, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Regarding the categories, the category overhauling is in progress, since I address the category when I overhaul the associated page. The variation in titling is actually somewhat deliberate—I started changing it from "____ recipes" in certain cases to solve a particular categorization problem. Sometimes, there is an item that is used in recipes as an ingredient but for which there are also recipes. For example, [[:Category:Recipes for bread]] versus [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]. The different naming scheme is necessary to properly delineate the categories, and I'm working on implementing it a bit more consistently as I go. While you're still getting started, it would be great if you could check with me when something looks odd or out of place—that way I can take a look and weigh in on whether that's normal or not and maybe provide some context. Just off the top of my head, I think you will have to wait for autoreview status to make move changes. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::I see what you're saying, I've been trying to wrap my head around that. Maybe it would be beneficial to try to put together some sort of a Cookbook MOS regarding category structure? It's kind of all over the place right now. Using your bread example, would it perhaps make more sense to have [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]? There would be no ambiguity with just those two categories, but when you add the extra [[:Category:Recipes for bread]], that's when things start getting a little whacky. What do you think? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:05, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::Either that or get rid of [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and keep the other two. But one of these categories gotta go, I reckon. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:07, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I see you already had the same thought as me. I think all categories should include "for" or "using". Take for example, [[:Category:Recipes for pancakes]] as opposed to [[:Category:Pancake recipes]]. Well obviously there's no recipes using pancakes. But for something like [[:Category:Recipes for gravy]], there may also be a need for [[:Category:Recipes using gravy]]. The lack of consistency in this regard means the only way to achieve consistency across the categories is by changing them over to that format. Sorry for clogging up your talk page! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:18, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Same heads-up as below—migrating this over to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:10, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :Also, on [[Cookbook:Table of Contents]], could you please add a wikilink for [[Cookbook:Breakfast]], and maybe add cooknav to the top for seamless navigation between all the top level articles? Can't edit that article yet. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:47, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == More Table of Content Edits == Hello again. I've been going through everything and this is my list of suggestions for edits to the table of contents. Unfortunately there's not much else I can do for now, because without autoconfirmed my ability to change anything is very limited. I was going to ask for someone to check off the confirmed box for me at RfP but I can't post there either, so I guess I'll be back in four days. * Fix Bread wikilink * Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing * [[Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Low-Carb]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] to [[Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine]] for parity * Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting * Create [[:Category:Lunch recipes]], wikilink to ToC * Wikilink [[Cookbook:Dessert]] under Meals * Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category * Create [[Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine]] so I can add the recipes from [[:Category:East Asian recipes]] to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC * Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction" * Appendix and Equipment sections switch places Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:46, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :I took the liberty of doing it myself in my userspace. You can just copy it over from [[User:MediaKyle/sandbox]]. Figured I'd save you the trouble of trying to figure out what I'm talking about. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 14:15, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Circling back to this! It seems like your suggestions are getting at a couple different things. I'll try to go through them point-by-point below: :* {{xt|Fix Bread wikilink}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing}} see below comments on TOC. :* {{xt|Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for now because I don't fully understand the urgency and I want to triage/prioritize things for you, but please feel free to make this change yourself once you can! :* {{xt|Cookbook:Low-Carb points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for same reason as above. :* {{xt|Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean to Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine for parity}} {{not done}} for now just because we do have a lot of cuisine pages that follow the form "Cuisine of ____". It could be good to standardize, and I had been planning to do that once I got around to the cuisines. :* {{xt|Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting}} {{not done}} for same reason as other redirects :* {{xt|Create Category:Lunch recipes, wikilink to ToC}} Not quite sure what you mean here, and I didn't see what it corresponded to in your linked sandbox page :* {{xt|Wikilink Cookbook:Dessert under Meals}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category}} I'm not sure about this—brunch is in many places considered a separate entity, and I don't necessarily think it would cause confusion. But, overall it's hard to determine whether it should have its own page and TOC link because I haven't actually gotten around to evaluating the meal pages and what role they should play. See also the TOC notes below. :* {{xt|Create Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine so I can add the recipes from Category:East Asian recipes to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC}} {{done}} for now; however, I'm not sure yet whether it will ultimately make sense to keep that as a content page. I think content pages should be reasonably focused, and it may not be the best to have a cuisine page that is so broad. This is something I planned to consider once I made my way around the overhauling the cuisines. :* {{xt|Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction"}} The reason I made it "Introductory Matter" instead of "Introduction" is because there's already a chapter itself titled "Introduction"—it felt odd to have the entire section titled that as well. Happy to discuss other header options (e.g. "Front Matter", which is a generally accepted book term) :* {{xt|Appendix and Equipment sections switch places}} see below comments on TOC. :* '''Comments on the TOC:''' So, I think a fundamental issue with the current TOC is that it somewhat arbitrarily picks and chooses individual pages to link. It also sometimes direct-links to categories and sometimes to content pages, which I don't think we should do. Because the cookbook is so expansive, it's been established that manual indices intending to capture detail in large areas don't really make sense and quickly get bulky and out-of-date. This is why categorytree is such a useful tool! After thinking on it for a while and making some small tweaks, I think I'd ultimately like to overhaul the TOC and come to a solution that keeps a few broad headers/links to the small handful of the primary content pages while perhaps stashing away more detailed and self-updating lists in a collapsible way to reduce clutter but allow for customizable user navigation. Much to think about, and I'll probably workshop some things on the side to see how they feel. :Let me know if I've misunderstood anything! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:24, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for the notes! Here's my thoughts: ::* On the Cuisine titling, it actually seems like [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] and [[Cookbook:East Asian cuisines]] are the only ones that don't follow the naming scheme, i.e. "[[Cookbook:African Cuisine]]", and I think that shorter titles are preferable where it makes sense. ::* On your note about East Asian Cuisine, I actually had the same thought after going through the cuisine pages. Having three separate pages for different kinds of Asian cuisine does seem a little silly, doesn't it? Do you think it might be better to combine all of them under one "Asian Cuisine", but put the different locales under separate headers? ::* On Brunch - I honestly think there's way too much ambiguity around what exactly constitutes as "brunch" to keep that in. I feel as though the term brunch more applies to the time you're eating, rather than the kind of food. I think it would be easier to keep meals that include commonly accepted breakfast foods in the Breakfast category, and things that don't fit neatly into that, into the Lunch category. This would prevent any dilemmas in the future where we can't decide whether something is breakfast or brunch. ::* You're right that it looks a little awkward to have the header as Introduction when there's a page called introduction. I still think that to say "Introductory Matter", or "Front Matter" as you mentioned, is a little long-winded and reflects a more academic tone than needed for a cookbook. Upon further reflection, I think maybe rather than worrying about the header at this point, we should perhaps think about trying to compile all of those short introductory type pages into one comprehensive introductory page. Then we likely won't even need a header for it on the ToC. ::* The ToC is definitely a bit cluttered, and it bothers me too that there's a real lack of consistency across whether the wikilinks lead to a page or a category. I'm not sure how I would feel about cutting away too much of the navigation from it, though, because just about every page on there does have a reason to be there, it's just that they're not presented very nicely. Some of it can certainly get nested or combined though. I'll play around with it over the next few days in my sandbox as well and let you know if I come up with anything. ::* As an aside, the first thing on my to-do list once my autoconfirmed comes through is to start subcategorizing all of the recipes so that they're all nicely sorted in the category trees. When you have a chance, I'd love to hear your thoughts on what we should use as the standard naming for categories. Once we determine this, I think we can also take the liberty of updating the cookbook MoS to reflect it. ::Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:33, 3 March 2025 (UTC) :::Note: After writing this, I realized what you were getting at about slashing away some of the subpages. Maybe we can come up with a system where all of those subpages are under their main subpage rather than on the ToC. For example, all the Cuisines are under [[Cookbook:Cuisines]], all techniques under [[Cookbook:Cooking Techniques]], to keep the subpages off the main ToC. Also, I wonder if maybe we should try to make a centralized discussion for this somewhere, in case anyone else wants to join in at some point? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:45, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::Heads-up: to make it easier to keep track of these and since I think they deserve their own discussions, I'm going to gradually migrate them over individually to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:52, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Good idea. Can you remove the semi-protection from that talk page? I see no reason why it should be protected. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:23, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook ToC == Hi [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]. I was just wondering why you didn't respond to my above message, and started a separate sandbox for the ToC instead? It seems as though you don't really want to collaborate. It would be nice if we could work on this together. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 22:43, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] thanks for the ping! I'm sorry you feel like I don't want to collaborate—the opposite is true, and please understand that this is good-faith editing. The reason I haven't responded to the above points is mostly since you've been modifying a bunch of content and adding suggestions lately, and I've been working my way through these while continuing with my routine contributions and real life as well—things happen a little more slowly here than on other projects, and I'm the one person dedicated to the cookbook right now. The reason I created that sandbox was because I saw [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#Modernize the shelves|your comment]] at the reading room and wanted to play around and think about your suggestion without touching the actual TOC. You're right that it's not the best, and it's been something I've been thinking about for a bit now. Please understand also that it can be overwhelming when a new editor unfamiliar with the Cookbook begins making a high volume of edits and suggestions without having much experience with it or its history—this isn't to say that you don't have good ideas or things worth contributing. In fact, you have already made a few helpful changes, as I've mentioned. I just want to do this properly and take the time to evaluate your suggestions together with the current efforts that are underway, and that can take a bit. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:03, 2 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for getting back to me. While I may be new to Wikibooks, I'm certainly not new to MediaWiki, and I've been working with small wiki projects for a number of years. Perhaps it's been a misunderstanding to some degree, but I've found my reception here to be unusually unwelcoming. The way to do this properly, as you said, would be to have discussions and form consensus. Yesterday, when you reached out to me about adding hideroot to the pages, I gave you my rationale and was more than happy to have a discussion about it, but you did not reply. I noticed a similar situation happened with [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_talk:Ottawahitech#Category_sorting Ottawahitech], regarding category sorting. I'm aware that you're the main person looking after the cookbook right now, which is why I reached out to you right from the get go. ::I understand why you would want to create your own sandbox to play around with options for the ToC, but I'm sure you can understand why it would draw my attention that you would do this without implementing any of the wikilink fixes I mentioned, or making an attempt to discuss it further. This came across to me as not wanting my help. ::I invite you to check out my page on Wikipedia. I've made contributions across quite a wide area of topics there, as well as the other Wikimedia projects, and this is the first time I've encountered any sort of resistance to my contributions. I think Wikibooks has enormous potential, and I'm very excited to contribute to helping it grow. On most projects, this would be something to be encouraged. I don't feel like "I'm sorry that you feel that way" was really an appropriate response. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:59, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :::I think you're right that this has been a mix of misunderstanding and miscommunication, and I think I can understand how things came across as unwelcoming! For whatever it's worth, I absolutely plan on circling back to the various discussions at hand (I have all the relevant pages open to return to), but it seems like the order I did things made it seem like I was ignoring you (if I'm understanding correctly). I am pretty busy, so sometimes items on my to-do list do get lost/shunted or it takes me a bit to get around to something—please don't hesitate to give me a ping if it seems like I'm taking a while to get back to something. Looking forward to more collaboration! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:49, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::I'm glad you can understand where I'm coming from. To clarify, my intent is not to try to rush you, or to try to push you to make changes that you don't agree with. It's really easy to misinterpret things over the Internet, and I think a short message can go a long way. I apologize if I've caused you any undue stress by coming into the cookbook and unleashing a flurry of alterations, but do rest assured that I'm not married to any of my changes, I'm always open for discussion, and I want to see the cookbook improve just like you do. The great thing about wikis is that no change is permanent. I think we'll have it in tip-top shape in no time! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:19, 3 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Polish Doughnuts (Paczki)]] == Do you see any reason not to just add this to Featured Recipes? At least we know this one works, and it seems like this is now one of the few recipes to have a picture that actually aligns with the recipe used. I was thinking later on we'll come up with a content review system where a couple editors will actually try the recipes nominated for FR, but in the absence of that I'd just add it to the list. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 12:25, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :I'm fine with adding it to the featured recipes. You're right that we'll want to come up with a good system for this going forward, though it's lower down on my personal priority list at moment. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Cream Cheese American Buttercream]] == Hi! I am a wikiHow user and I am planning to adapt this recipe to wikiHow. Since you contributed to this recipe, I wanted to know if I can get permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe. Thanks. [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 21:41, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] that's fine with me as long as proper attribution and linking back to the original recipe page here are included at the top. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:28, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[A Companion to Our Literary Journey]] == Hi! I feel that we have started to outline the scope in a clearer and more precise way and that’s the work we are going to do with the students this and for the next years, adding more sections and content. Do you think that would be enough? [[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]] ([[User talk:Ferdi2005|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ferdi2005|contribs]]) 22:43, 6 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]]! Yes, this seems to be reasonably outlined. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:51, 7 March 2025 (UTC) == Exercising care with copyright == When deleting a page as a copyright violation, it is important that you '''do not quote any content from the deleted page'''. If you do, then your log entry is itself a copyright violation. I have redacted a recent deletion that you performed because of this. If you want to make sure that none of your past deletions have been problematic for this reason, you can [[quarry:query/90444|run this SQL query]] to get a list of every deletion that could be eligible for redaction. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 18:32, 21 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] and thank you for the message. In the most recent instance that I think you're referencing, I do not see any material in the edit summary that posed a significant risk—I don't believe the few listed words would be a copyright concern. However, I do understand your concern! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:31, 21 March 2025 (UTC) == Splitting Pages == Hi I have recently made the book on the [[History of the Nawabs of Bengal]] and you gave a notice on how you believe it should be split into smaller bits. As I am still new to wikibooks I don't know how to do this. Can you please assist me on renaming the page so I can split the page into multiple pages? @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 19:47, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]]: You did it. I've removed the tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 22:44, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :Like @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] said, you're all set! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 29 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks! @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 10:24, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == Minecraft book == Is it good creating pages like this, [[Minecraft#Husk]]? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 12:43, 9 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] what do you mean? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:18, 10 May 2025 (UTC) ::are we allowed to create pages like that? like for every mob [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:02, 11 May 2025 (UTC) :::To be honest, I don't think the structure and formatting of the book is very good. Several of the mob pages, for example, have very little information and aren't particularly helpful on their own. If I were working on it, I would restructure the book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:09, 11 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I am planning to do that. [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 04:19, 12 May 2025 (UTC) == Request to Review Adjusted User Page (XoriantTeam) == Hello [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I hope you're well. I noticed that my user page ([[User:XoriantTeam]]) was recently deleted for appearing promotional or inappropriate for Wikibooks. Thank you for keeping the community standards in check. I’ve since revised the content with closer attention to neutrality and compliance with Wikibooks guidelines. My intent is to participate constructively, especially in areas related to digital engineering and educational content creation. If possible, I’d appreciate your help reviewing the revised version. I'm happy to share it or upload it as a file if there’s a preferred method. Please let me know how best to proceed. I welcome any suggestions and will gladly make further adjustments. Best regards, XoriantTeam [[User:XoriantTeam|XoriantTeam]] ([[User talk:XoriantTeam|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/XoriantTeam|contribs]]) 11:02, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :Hi there—you can publish an updated user page, but I'd caution you against talking about your company. Keep it limited to your involvement with Wikibooks. You may contribute productively here, but further promotional materials are grounds for an indefinite block. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:30, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == Planning to use AWB to update categories on the cookbook == Hello. I noticed in recent changes that you were moving some categories using HotCat (e.g. moving Category:Chile recipes to Category:Recipes using chile), which can be time-consuming. Therefore, I plan to help you with moving the cookbook categories by adding myself to enabledusers and enabledbots in [[Wikibooks:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON]]. Would this be fine if I assist you and to add myself to the check page? I am familiar with using AWB after testing on a non-Wikimedia project. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:42, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—thank you for the tip! I just installed JWB, so this should make my mass cat changes much faster. Thanks again! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:11, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for the information. Also, is it okay if I change (for example) [[:Category:Vinegar recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes using vinegar]] (I can redirect the former category to the latter), given that we should move {{tq|Category:[ingredient] recipes}} to {{tq|Category:Recipes using [ingredient]}} for consistency? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:57, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :::Sure thing—go ahead! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:53, 8 June 2025 (UTC) == Tool for even faster category changes == See [[:c:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot#As_your_user_gadget]]. I just [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:Koavf/common.js&action=history installed it] and used it dozens of times in a click. Let me know if you need any help. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:36, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] Thanks! I'm having a little trouble activating it, but I'll keep trying. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:54, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::A lot of times, a purge will do the trick. See [[:mw:Purge]]. Usually just <kbd>Ctrl+Shift+R</kbd> once or twice. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:55, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :::Took several purges, but we're set now! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:16, 19 June 2025 (UTC) == Advice on when I should run for adminship == Hi, I hope you are doing well. I am asking for some advice on when I should run for enwikibooks adminship, given the following below: Currently, I am doing some optimizations for dark mode on this project, and some of the message box/MediaWiki interface/template pages might be outdated, fully protected, or can use a little help using mw-parser-output. These unfortunately might hinder the process of updating these pages/templates for Vector 2022's dark mode.<br> Additionally, I have a solid expertise with edit filters, as I have requested some administrators to update deprecated filter variables, switching filters from warn and disallow to disallow only, and I can also monitor the filter log for potential false positives (from local or global filters). A fellow English Wikibooks administrator also said to me that they are willing to support me in a few months when I run for adminship, as I am generally trusted. I hold two advanced global permissions, and I hold an edit filter helper permission on the English Wikipedia, to be sure. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:02, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—good question! I agree that you are a trusted user, and I think it would be reasonable for you to run for adminship, especially given our need to fix up technical aspects of the project. If you don't plan to commit to Wikibooks long-term (i.e. you have some projects you'd like to take a few months to complete and then be done), you can always request temporary adminship. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:30, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for your feedback, but I also plan to monitor for vandalism/spam, and to commit to reduce the administrative assistance reading room backlog, should I be elected for adminship (and I forgot to mention those). Anyway, regarding your feedback, I might run by August or even July, given that I've lately started contributing more often to Wikibooks. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) ::: [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I am pinging you one more time to see if you have read my response above yours. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:34, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]! I'm not sure what you mean—was there an additional question you had? Everything you've outlined seems quite reasonable. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:26, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::: Apologies for the confusion, I don't have any questions to ask. I was clarifying that I can help with implementing edit requests and to block obvious vandals and spammers, aside from the skills I mentioned earlier. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:32, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == how is it you feel able to interfere in my sandbox? == you deleted a page in my sandbox that was my way of providing my response to a request from an OpenSCAD dev team leader for a couple of text blurbs for use on a web page of the OpenSCAD site. now that you have deleted my page i have to recreate the texts from a screenshot to be able to offer the suggestions, which i will This kind of high handed treatment is what keeps me from being a wiki-anything contributor .. If it is Wiki policy to interfere in the documentation of an open source project because it is hosted on Wikibooks then i will take up the task of moving our online docs to a site where you cannot interfere. -- [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 21:56, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]]—thanks for bringing this to my attention. I now understand that this was intended to be in your user namespace—I've undeleted it and moved it to the correct namespace for you. Let me know if anything else comes up! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::ah .. err .. umm .. well that is a gentle answer to my ire. Thanks for being so gracious [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::and .. isn't my sandbox in my namespace by default? [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:30, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::No worries—it looks like you didn't add the prefix "User:" before writing out the full page titles, so the pages you created were technically in the project's Main space with the official published materials. Going forward, you can just double-check that the page title starts with "'''User:'''VulcanWikiEdit/sandbox", and that should keep everything in the right place! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::BTW .. i love the play on cat lover name [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 15:35, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :::::Thank you! That's very kind. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:46, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Regarding the user Codename Tameirao == Could this be Matthew again (the Unicode LTA)? I believe it might be him based on his usage of edit summaries, and his usual edits to [[Unicode/Versions]]. I just blocked his recent account, and then I protected and stabilized that Unicode book. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 23:51, 12 August 2025 (UTC) :I suspect you're right! That seems like a reasonable course of action. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:56, 13 August 2025 (UTC) :: I recently encountered another possible LTA, see [[Special:Contributions/~2025-55706-6]] (as well as [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]]). I can email you more details if you want. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 16:30, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::I think this is the same LTA, yes! I've protected [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]], but I think it would be a good idea if we could automate this monitoring somewhat using the edit filter. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:07, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::: I don't think that was Matthew, as he typically uses edit summaries. The deleted page was not protected, as it was protected before you deleted it; I salted it from creation for one year. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 20:22, 9 September 2025 (UTC) ::::: You might want to look at [[Special:Contributions/Freddy Fazbearing Others]]. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:18, 26 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::Thank you! I went ahead and blocked them. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:54, 28 October 2025 (UTC) == IP block exempt == Hi Kitty, I currently have IP block exemption on enwiki, Commons and Wikidata as I use VPNs connected to my internet security software. Can you please grant me the right on wikibooks. I have a strong password and use two factor authentication. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 10:51, 22 August 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TarnishedPath|TarnishedPath]]! This doesn't sound unreasonable to me, but I think it would be good if you requested at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]] so we can have a discussion—I have not granted this right before. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::Kitty, thanks for pointing me in the right direction. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 03:25, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::See [[Wikibooks:Requests_for_permissions#TarnishedPath_(discuss_·_contribs_·_count_·_logs_·_block_log_·_rfp_·_rights)_(IP_Block_Exemption)]] ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''<sup>[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]</sup> 03:35, 23 August 2025 (UTC) == You've got mail! == {{You've got mail|sig=<span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 00:20, 6 September 2025 (UTC)}} :Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:06, 6 September 2025 (UTC) == Are you able to import? == I made a few requests over at https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_import . [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 22:32, 4 October 2025 (UTC) : [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]], I'll go ahead and start the imports. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:29, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you for your help [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:51, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::: My apologies for not doing this sooner, because some database error appears when I am trying to mass import. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:39, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::::I also tried to make this import earlier and ran into issues with the software. I was hoping it was a temporary bug, but it seems to be persisting. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:01, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::This seems like I should get involved. {{working}}... [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 13:11, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::: I believe there are five pages that have massive page histories they fail to import here. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::::I backed up the XMLs of them locally but im unsure how much that'd do. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:18, 6 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Just became an importer. The reason is prob understandable but I cannot upload the XML file to here locally. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 17:23, 10 October 2025 (UTC) == About the category parameter in the recipe summary template == When it uses a "recipe by type" category, should it use a "[type/food] recipes" name or "Recipes for [type/food]"? I recently operated JWB to change from [[:Category:Dessert recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes for dessert]] in multiple Cookbook recipes, and from what I've said before, I've changed to ''Recipes for dessert'' in the category parameter of Cookbook recipes. Hope you don't mind that this was over more than 250 changes (not counting the recent category changes after moving some recipe categories). Thanks. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:07, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—those JWB changes you made seem fine to me! I'm not quite sure what you're asking in your first sentence, though. Assuming I understand correctly: in general, I think the default format should be whatever the actual category name is. BUT if there is a redirect, it ultimately shouldn't matter too much. And, because I'm not convinced of the utility of that infobox parameter in the first place (thinking of removing it), I'm not hugely concerned about it for the time being. Does this help? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:21, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :: Probably, but I will say the following below (for my first sentence) to clarify: :: On the <code>|category =</code> parameter, when placing a recipe category name, should it either be {{tq|Sandwich recipes}} or {{tq|Recipes for sandwiches}}? I hope this clears the confusion. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:39, 27 October 2025 (UTC) == Please no more Unicode LTA == Please don't block me again. I promise I will edit Unicode stuff and add correct information. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-30839-28|&#126;2025-30839-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-30839-28|talk]]) 20:54, 1 November 2025 (UTC) :<small>I am a bit out of the loop, so correct me if I'm wrong - I'm assuming here</small> I think the point is that they want you to ''not'' edit the Unicode stuff? Also hi kitty, it's been a ... very long time.. <sup>&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]</sup> / <sub>[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]</sub> 01:13, 5 November 2025 (UTC) ::Ok so apparently not as long as I thought, but it feels like I've been away for at least a year lol <sup>&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]</sup> / <sub>[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]</sub> 01:23, 5 November 2025 (UTC) :::Nice to see you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:41, 5 November 2025 (UTC) == Administrator and reviewer user right combinations are not needed anymore == Given that administrators can review edits in addition to reviewers, I would suggest for you (and other administrators) to kindly remove the reviewer permission from (own) accounts. What I'm saying is that if one holds administrator and reviewer permissions together, they can remove the reviewer permission from their own account and retain their administrator permission. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:06, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :Gotcha—is there a reason it's bad for one user to have both these rights? If so, I can remove my reviewer right. Otherwise, it seems fairly harmless? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:26, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :: The thing is, administrators have the <code>review</code> user right, as well as some permissions in the reviewer user group in the administrator toolset. That means that having the reviewer user group together with the admin user group is redundant. Hope this explains it. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:59, 11 November 2025 (UTC) ::: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] <s>I'll do this tomorrow morning, as well as to remove autoreviewed user permissions from users who are reviewers.</s> ({{doing}}) [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:24, 12 November 2025 (UTC) : I have removed the autoreviewed user permission from users who are reviewers. As for administrators, I will do so later today. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:40, 13 November 2025 (UTC) == Nesting in Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities == Hi Kittycataclysm, I am editor of wikipedia since 2004. We have the habit if we have a concern using the talk page to clarify the case. I am not sure to delete meaningful content without previous notification and doing major redirection without agreeing the main contributor(s) is an adequate admin act and sign of good manner of host (see [[W:Wikipedia:Etiquette|Wikipedia:Etiquette]].) Yes, It will be not an average book but above the regular. This is the exact case: ''"this may be appropriate, such as with large textbooks that contain subsections with a lot of content."'' ''for to establish good structural and stylistic practices'' I have a data management certification. If you asking it will have 4 nest level on strict purpose. If you saw the introduction of the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] is/will be a global collection making effective collaboration over borders and continents. One structured + categorized(!) page for each community willing to show up. The Postal addresses has also same or larger deepness, this is unavoidable (Country/Postal Code/Location/Street/House/floor/door). Here will looks like: '''Eco-comm/Continent/Regio code/Community name''' The goal of this system to open bridge + experience highway for the communities using the same permaculture technics what collected parallelly in [[Open Book of Permaculture]]. That is also part of this knowledge base please dont do simplification steps on that without discussion. I am kindly asking to revert your edits in this book. After that I will put a notification template about "This book is under construction with major changes. Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History. Common clarifications/ guides are on the primary talk page." Thanks: [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 02:22, 12 November 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]], and thank you both for your contributions and for reaching out! Yes, I did make the following changes to [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]: :* I moved the pages from the [[Eco-comm]] namespace to the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] namespace, since the table of contents and pages for a given book should be under that book's namespace. :* I removed the links to Wikipedia that were on [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]], since outlinking has been discouraged at en.Wikibooks as a matter of practice. Compilations of links may not fall into WB scope as an instructional text, and [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia|there is precedent for deleting them]]. But, I do see that the tool I used didn't just remove links to enWP, so I will restore the prior revision and ping the tool developer. :* I flagged it as needing denesting—you're right that nested entries can sometimes be appropriate. In this case, I was primarily flagging for a denest because the table of contents needs to be moved onto the main page, and it shouldn't have hidden navigation within the nested portions. :Could you clarify which of these edits you do not agree with so I can make sure they are individually addressed? As an aside, it could be helpful to create a [[Help:Local manuals of style|local manual of style]] for the book in order to clearly outline the expectations. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:59, 12 November 2025 (UTC) ::My main concern not about moving and flagging but '''deleting''' [[Eco-comm]] against [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] and not mentioning in the clarification even after my notification. Should I note all administrators [[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers]] - or will they do speedy deleting one by one until I make them individually addressed? :::The <u> local manual of style</u> development is ongoing together with the sample pages. ::'''MAIN PAGE''' ::The '''Main page''' and '''Namespace''' is the [[Eco-comm]]. The '''Full Title''' or '''Cover''' is [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]. Because of the high level of nesting the below extra-long-full-text-title to be avoided the Cover page is a redirection with preface/intro etc. ::'''NESTING ''' :::Featured book with 3 level nesting: [[Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education/Educational Change/Theory]] :::5 level nesting example: [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] ::'''Categories''' The [[:Category:Eco-comm]] will let the users make practical sub-categories e.g. [[:Category:Eco-comm/Project/numundo]] [[:Category:Eco-comm/]] ::: ::[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 03:44, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you for elaborating! I'm unfortunately not sure what you mean about deleting [[Eco-comm]]—are you referring to the fact that I moved it without leaving a redirect? Regarding the nesting, I do honestly think those other books you linked should have their navigation denested since I find their format difficult to parse, and they have some navigation issues. Looping in some other active admins (@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] (@[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]) so they can get eyes on this and voice anything they think is important. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:12, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::It makes no sense to have some crazy abbreviation as a "main page" or "namespace" (whatever that means in this context) for a book in order to allow it to be deep nested. Nobody needs to type the whole name of the nesting because that's what navigation templates do, and it is a simple matter to override the page title. I also take issue with the statement, above, "Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History." Anybody can edit, and nobody gets to own and control any work. Taken together, this complaint looks like a case of attempting to assert ownership and to operate against the normal practices of Wikibooks. As such, I am completely aligned with the changes made. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:49, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::::That. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 14:59, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] for the contribution, btw the [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] also looks crazy long, is'nt it? Lets continue in the [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/General]] keeping this page for personal messages. [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 23:07, 20 November 2025 (UTC) == Deletions of Wikibook subpages == Hello @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], regarding the [[Thesis Writing Guide]] subpage deletions, should I just recreate them when I keep working on them or was there an automatic deletion that we could undo? This document will grow, but really slowly. Best, Tim [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 11:37, 16 December 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]]! Since there was so little content on the deleted pages, my recommendation would just be for you to gradually recreate the chapters as you go. Does that make sense? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:54, 17 December 2025 (UTC) ::Makes sense, not my ideal solution, but also not far from it :) The end result will be the same, the in-between will just feel a little bit weird from time to time. ::Thank you for taking time to curate and quality-control Wikibooks - wishing wonderful holidays and a happy new year! [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 20:43, 17 December 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you, and happy holidays to you as well :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 17 December 2025 (UTC) == help with "Media Literacy and You" == {{re|Kittycataclysm}} What do I need to do to get a quality review of ''[[Media Literacy and You]]'', or whatever is needed to remove <nowiki>{{Qr-em|not clear how this is to be structured as a book}}</nowiki>? I ask, because you added that flag just over 2 hours after I created it. I later found that I had accidentally created it as an anonymous user. I've since started using my standard Wikiname, and I tried to respond to the requests both by creating a discussion on the "Discussion" page associated with that book and by upgrading the content. The upgrades included adding the "Introduction" chapter by revising an article on Wikiversity that convinced me to start this Wikibook. I have other articles that I plan to rewrite to create 9 of the remaining 11 chapters in the current table of contents, as indicated in this table of contents. ??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:23, 8 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]]! I removed the query flag, since this is clearly not a test page. I do have concerns about the suitability of this book for Wikibooks, since it seems to be more in line with essays and original research/analysis (which are [[Wikibooks:WIW|out of scope here]]). Wikiversity seems like a very suitable place for them—is there a specific reason you want to move them here? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:24, 8 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::This book is intended to accelerate the diffusion of [[w:Media literacy|media literacy]] by making it easier for humans to (a) access training materials and (b) connect with research on the most important issues that concern them and (c) discuss those issues with others who may believe differently in a nonthreatening context that encourages dialogue and a shared search for what can honestly be said about any particular issue. This is an extension of "The wisdom of polarized crowds" discussed in [[Wikipedia:Reliability of Wikipedia]]. ::I don't know about you, but I'm frightened by the collapse of nuclear arms control agreements since the year 2000, by global warming, by the threats of the Trump administration to invade Canada and Greenland, etc. If this book project is successful, it will make a material contribution to reversing these trends -- unless this kind of dialogue is [[v:Responding to a nuclear attack|interrupted by a nuclear war]]. === Who is DavidMCEddy === ::I'm a [[w:Vietnam veteran|Vietnam-era veteran]] with a PhD in statistics and a publication record for which [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Spencer-Graves-3 ReserchGate has found over 1,200 academic publications that have cited my work.] Since [https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/en.wikipedia.org/DavidMCEddy 2010 I have logged] * 6,000+ edits in each of Wikipedia and Wikiversity, * 1,000+ in Wikimedia Commons, * 30,000+ in Wikidata, and * almost 1,000 in other Wikimedia Foundation projects like Wikiquote and edits to the Spanish, French and German Wikipedias. This includes dozens of research reports posted to Wikiversity under [[v:Category:Freedom and abundance]] and 44 posts under [[v:Category:Media reform to improve democracy]] that provide a platform for documenting and discussing 44 episodes of a fortnightly "Media & Democracy" series of 29:00 mm:ss podcasts syndicated for the [https://pacificanetwork.org/stations-2/ Pacifica Radio Network] featuring the opinions of leading experts on the increase in political polarization and violence and what those experts think should be done about this. I've just posted another chapter to [[Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. I hope you will agree that this book can make a positive contribution to Wikibooks and to [[w:Jimmy Wales|Jimbo Wales]]' [[w:Wikipedia:Prime objective|Prime Directive]] to create "a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge." Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 01:19, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Thank you and I understand this, but I am asking why you think this material is more suitable at Wikibooks rather than at Wikiversity. From what I can see, Wikiversity seems like the more appropriate home for it given our [[Wikibooks:WIW|scope]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:59, 9 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::"Media Literacy and You" is textbook to support both self study and classes on media literacy. ::I have been posting content to Wikiversity since 2014 and have not encountered support there for books. A search just now turned up a hint of a book on Wikiversity, but I could not easily find anything on how to do it, etc. ::I think this "Media Literacy and You" project would lose the vast majority of its potential if it were not on Wikibooks. ::??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:22, 9 February 2026 (UTC) {{outdent}} {{re|Kittycataclysm}} Will you please help me with the protocols of creating a book on Wikiversity? 1. I have found documentation that claims that Wikiversity supports such. However, the documentation seems incomplete, potentially out of date, etc. For example, I could not see how to follow the instructions for [[Wikiversity:Help:Books#Step 1: Enable the "Book creator" tool]]. So I posted a question to [[Wikiversity:Help talk:Books]]. 2. What do you suggest I do next? :I can create an article on Wikiversity titled, "Media Literacy and You", and port everything I've posted to Wikibooks there, then replace the pages on Wikibooks with redirects to [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You]], [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/Introduction]], and [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. :If you think that's the best way to build this book project, great. It would actually be easier for me, because there would be less translation between what I already have on Wikiversity and a version for Wikibooks. (Also, Wikiversity supports <nowiki>{{cite Q|...}}</nowiki>, which I have used extensively for years.) :Thanks for your help. [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 13:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Unfortunately, I am not familiar with the exact workings of Wikiversity, so I can't be much help there. My personal recommendation is that you ask there for help on how best to structure your materials to match the WV requirements. If you'd like some additional opinions/insight, please feel free to also check in at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General|reading room]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 10 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} I believe I have finished migrating all of ''Media Literacy and You'' to Wikiversity and replacing the parts of it on Wikibooks with redirects. Comments? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 17:32, 10 February 2026 (UTC) == Thank you! == Heya, thanks for reviewing my stuff! Just to note, the first lesson page was done and so that'll need moving. If you want to discuss anything with me, I am easily reachable on Discord @ xiluosi233. I can explain philosophy, approach, and so on from my teaching experience if you want anything regarding that. [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:48, 17 February 2026 (UTC) :It appears [[An Introduction to the Han Script]] was moved wrong - should it not be [[General Literary Chinese from Scratch/An Introduction to the Han Script]]? [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:52, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] good catch! I accidentally removed more of the title than intended. I've fixed this now. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:18, 18 February 2026 (UTC) == A test request == Just to see whether a recent Luna update turned out as intended, could you briefly revert your [[User:Kittycataclysm/lunaoptions.json|Luna preferences page]] to the first revision? Since you don't appear to have any custom preferences in the first place, I don't think there should be any conflicts. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 01:49, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :Done! But, it seems to have perhaps auto-updated again immediately afterwards. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:39, 10 April 2026 (UTC) == Linking == Hi,<br> For my edification, why is a link from [[Cookbook:nettle|nettle]] to [[w:Urtica_dioica|Urtica dioica]] not appropriate? The Wikipedia article has more information & seems relevant.<br> Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 01:53, 24 April 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] good question! Wikibooks discourages outlinking, since books should be self-contained units. Instead of linking to [[w:Urtica dioica]], the correct approach would be to flesh out the actual chapter here at Wikibooks. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:34, 24 April 2026 (UTC) ::Should all material in the Wikipedia article about Urtica dioica relevant to cooking be duplicated into the nettle article in the cookbook? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 02:30, 2 May 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] you could do that, although you should only include information that is sourced. However, I recommend that you wait, because I am coincidentally working on the page right now and fleshing it out significantly. I should publish today. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:40, 2 May 2026 (UTC) ::::The nettle page is better now. Thanks. ::::I still wonder, given that the link to ''The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, ...'' is permitted, why not a link to the botanically oriented page in Wikipedia. What if someone reads the Cookbook article and is interested in the toxin for example? Seems that non-Wikimedia references are more privileged than Wikimedia references. ::::Also, by chance, just noticed the [[w:Nettle_soup|Nettle soup]] article in Wikipedia. Better in the Cookbook? ::::Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 19:10, 5 May 2026 (UTC) :::::Another good question. The reason those books are linked is because they are reputable and topical sources for the subject matter (nettles as used in cooking from an instructional perspective), and the links are part of the citations—this makes it different from a simple outlink to a Wikipedia page. Wikipedia pages should also not be cited themselves as sources. Regarding nettle soup, I don't think it makes sense to have that as a standalone page here in the cookbook due to its encyclopedic tone, and I don't see any recipes there. Does this make sense? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:21, 6 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::Somewhat. Certainly a recipe wouldn't be incongruous in a cookbook. Still seems unhelpful that relevant information in Wikipedia is inaccessible from a Wikibook. In effect there's a "Berlin Wall" between two Wikimedia projects. Would a "See also" section be permissible? ::::::Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 14:00, 7 May 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:32, 28 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471751 --> == Undeletion request == Hello, I am writing to request an undeletion of the page Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad. You stated you are a frequent visitor of the Lentis page and are thus familiar with it. This page was part of a class assignment and was in progress at the time of deletion. The work deleted is what we will be graded on for our class, so we would appreciate the restoration. [[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] ([[User talk:Yqj3km|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Yqj3km|contribs]]) 19:36, 4 May 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] see my response below regarding undeletion. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC) == Undeletion request == About the page on Lentis called Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad: I, too, request undeletion, please. If the authors made any msitakes, the fault is 100 percent mine, for failing to guide them correctly. Like all chapters in this book, this team's chapter is a class assignment. I will be interested also in the reason for deletion so that I can guide authors better. I want to help my students be constructive contributors. Many thanks! [[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 20:03, 4 May 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Norton|Norton]] and thanks for the ping! I deleted it because it was not titled/filed correctly, so I didn't realize it was part of [[Lentis]]. I have undeleted it and moved it to [[Lentis/Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:14, 4 May 2026 (UTC) ::Many, many thanks, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am very grateful as always for everything you do for Wikibooks! ::[[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 22:27, 4 May 2026 (UTC) == Log in issues == Hi, messaging you as you seem to be the most active admin at the moment. I can't log in (as posted at <bdi>[[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance]] and also on my WP page at</bdi> [[w:User_talk:Xania]]). Seems to be an issue with extra security for admins? I am asked to use my authenticator app (which I can't as I have never set it up for Wikibooks) or a recovery code (which I don't have). Any idea what I should do in this situation? Xania [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28255-89|&#126;2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:21, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :Apologies for missing this yesterday! It seems like we have a few people working on it over in the reading room, and I'll keep track there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC) == Splitting pages == FYI, I untagged [[Art Print Production Methods]] as for splitting: the page is rather small with its 20 KB and does not need splitting, in my view. Ideally, there would be an operationalized, fairly detailed policy on the matter, but I do not know of one. Single-page books are in [[:Category:One-page books]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:45, 20 May 2026 (UTC) == <s>Slander</s> == <S>Your tag is slanderous and very easily proven wrong.</s>[https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654455] Given you likely didn't bother to look at the edit history, I would remind you that your given reason that you think it was AI is because you see the chapter is "numbered". That however was 100% my own personal decision after I reviewed my work and thought to myself that I later wrote in the introduction that there is a first to fourth chapter. However I thought to myself that the readers would not be easily made aware of what is meant by first to fourth as I didn't number them - so is why I dedicated an entire edit to make it less ambiguous [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654328]. I should not have to be falsely penalized because I wanted to be more considerate and ensure better clarity. I do however request AI to help me figure out coding like this - [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654329] as I don't know how to link. But I intentionally take great efforts to not rely on AI to write that book and find your wrongful presumptions troubling. [[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 06:00, 15 July 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] thank you for clarifying! I flagged it for review because it matched a common pattern we see associated with LLM use here. If that is not the case, then nothing needs to happen in that respect; however, you will likely want to fix the lists so that they are correctly formatted in the Wikitext and not hard-written—let me know if you have any questions about that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:14, 16 July 2026 (UTC) ::Yeah, I don't instantly understand what you mean by "correctly formatted" list. At first, I assumed you were referring to chapter 4 - (''Further reading'')? But I think I know what you mean. I made this edit here [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654738] to align with how I see wikibooks typically do lists. Did I fix it? If not, feel free to clarify.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 18:35, 16 July 2026 (UTC) ::I thought about how I responded earlier. Even tho I still disagree, I probably shouldn't have used such a tone. I imagine admins like yourself do a lot of work overseeing wiki and the project owes a lot to you guys. So I take back my harsh words, and I hope we're good.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 03:38, 17 July 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] I appreciate that—thank you! And thank you for [[Special:Diff/4654738|making those changes to the lists]], which was indeed what I was referring to. Happy editing! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:31, 17 July 2026 (UTC) == The Geoguide == I literally wrote all of this myself I used no AI if you want to you can highlight the areas that seem way too formal and ill fix them [[User:Kayden Swanson|Kayden Swanson]] ([[User talk:Kayden Swanson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kayden Swanson|contribs]]) 04:22, 18 July 2026 (UTC) :Thank you! I have removed the flag. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:41, 20 July 2026 (UTC) == Vandalism == your recent changes may not be constructive. {{Warning}} [[User:Duodeca 12|Duodeca 12]] ([[User talk:Duodeca 12|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Duodeca 12|contribs]]) 20:39, 2 August 2026 (UTC) == Your recent revert == Could you explain [[Special:Diff/4670314]]? This seems to be you ''restoring'' vandalism, which was originally introduced by [[Special:Diff/4669920]]. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 20:06, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :Good catch! Somehow I didn't have the most recent version of a page loaded, and it seems like Luna reverts the most recent edit of a page and not the specific edit you're viewing. The edit in question should be fixed now. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:11, 15 September 2026 (UTC) ::Sorry {{PAGENAME}} for butting in here, I hope you don't mind. ::Just wanted to mention that I have had a few similar experiences when editing (not having the most recent version of a page loaded). Once this caused me friction with an admin who was convinced I was willfully undoing their edit. This happened years ago on another wikimedia project. ::Ottawahitech [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 01:18, 16 September 2026 (UTC) == Confirmed user == <s>If this is one, could I perhaps be a confirmed user? The software has not granted me autoconfirmed, despite me having the requirements.</s> [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:50, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :This is not needed anymore, thank you! [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:58, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == Vandalism on Unicode/Character reference/1F000-1FFFF == I caught the LTA adding Unicode characters which aren't even approved, I undid it, and they reverted. Please semi-protect this page.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 15:33, 27 September 2026 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:Ruth Bulyaba M]] == Hello Kittycataclysm, I would like to bring to your attention the pages created by this user. I have used AI checkers to check if the page was created by AI, and it turned out to be positive. I have reached out to the user, to no response. Could you perhaps verify if their pages were created by AI? Thank you. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:26, 29 September 2026 (UTC) :Could you perhaps also check [[User:Matovu_Trevor/sandbox|this page]]? Many thanks. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:28, 29 September 2026 (UTC) ::After a cursory look, I do agree that these are LLM-generated. I'm starting to see an influx of editors who add LLM generated content to their sandboxes to take advantage of the fact that we are typically much more lenient about what editors do in their sandboxes. However, because I can't see any way for them to edit the material and publish it in a way that still complies with our policy, I'm inclined to delete them—we ban AI-generated ideas, and there is no way to alter the existing material in a way that circumvents that. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:33, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :::I will note, as an aside, that we do not rely on automated AI checkers, which have their own flaws—rather, we should be able to articulate exactly why we believe something to be in violation of the policy. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:34, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == Recipe == Hello Kittycataclysm, I have created a [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:MathsScienceNerd1/sandbox&oldid=4678337 recipe] that has been translated from nlwikibooks, and I do not know whether it is suitable for enwikibooks, other than it is a recipe of nlwikibooks and thus may conform to the Cookbook MoS over there. Could you perhaps check the page? Regards, --[[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 12:29, 26 October 2026 (UTC) ==[[:Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]]== {{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Kittycataclysm, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] "[[:Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)|Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]]".'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 11:33, 30 October 2026 (UTC)}} :Thank you for the flag! What was the reasoning for deletion here? I don't see it on the page itself. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:53, 3 November 2026 (UTC) ::Ah, my bad! I see it over at RfD. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:55, 3 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Curry Paste]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Curry Paste|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:23, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Doubanjiang]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Doubanjiang|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:29, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Seitan]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Seitan|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:30, 2 November 2026 (UTC) == Clarification Regarding Deleted Wikibooks Sandbox and Future Contributions == I understand there are issues with my sandbox due to deletion and the AI content policy of Wikibooks. However, I would like to contribute to the project by using my own work. If I were to make a new sandbox with the original content would that be ok? Please let me know what to do. Thanks [[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] ([[User talk:SandeepLPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SandeepLPU|contribs]]) 17:22, 5 November 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] and thanks for reaching out! You shouldn't just add back the originally deleted content, since that would still contain AI-generated materials. Instead, I recommend going back to the last point at which the content is entirely your own, and starting over with that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:31, 6 November 2026 (UTC) ::hi @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], actually it is a college acedemic project/assignment, where we (around 150 students) need to write a blog individually on elctronics topic, we are really sorry that this editing stuff were new to us especially in wikibooks, as gen'z were fully dependent on using AI, and growing with it. yeah we do know that we dont need to use AI, but i thought its a sandbox so taking help of AI is not a crime, using AI - the time complexity is reduced. now every students again writing the blog with their own efforts with out using AI. thanks@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] for detecting the errors and guiding us. [[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] ([[User talk:SandeepLPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SandeepLPU|contribs]]) 08:51, 7 November 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you for clarifying and for putting the work in! Keep in mind that Wikibooks [[Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks?|is not meant]] to host essays, blog posts, or other disparate pages that do not work towards a whole, cohesive book. Feel free to start a conversation at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room|reading room]] if you want to open a discussion. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:56, 7 November 2026 (UTC) ::::sorry its not blog writing (but we assumed like that) it is that our professor said to choose different topics on Analog and Digital communication and write a small book page, so that if it is genuine and perfect we can publish it in wikibooks, one thing we are getting instruction from the wikipedia officials, they are taking weekly classes and guidling us. and yeah thank you !! ::::cheers -- [[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] ([[User talk:SandeepLPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SandeepLPU|contribs]]) 11:19, 8 November 2026 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Meat and Sausage Ragu with Pasta]] == How is this recipe incomplete? I added categories and links to other Wiki articles. It's lengthy, accurate and delicious. I really don't have the time to make changes to it. If you delete it, I'm not going to bother writing recipes for Wikibooks anymore because that would make my efforts a waste of time. [[User:Moby-Dick4000|Moby-Dick4000]] ([[User talk:Moby-Dick4000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Moby-Dick4000|contribs]]) 19:06, 7 November 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Moby-Dick4000|Moby-Dick4000]]! Don't worry—I don't think this needs to be deleted. I'm flagging this one in particular as a general reminder that it needs to be worked on. Strictly speaking, based on the cookbook style requirements, it is missing the required ingredient categories and links, and the bullet lists need some adjustments; I'm happy to show you what I mean if you would like! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:36, 7 November 2026 (UTC) 812bscj6x85f7bspjtejg378w0e1wl6 0 448082 4680702 4680573 2026-11-07T16:57:19Z Tyoyafud 6233 4680702 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{status|100%}}</noinclude> : Every syllable in Mirad contains one and only one vowel. A '''y''' when final or followed by a consonant is used to post-y-glide or diphthongize the previous vowel and is therefore considered part of the syllable in which that vowel is the nucleus (see case 2, below). Similarly, the '''''liquids''''' '''r''' and '''l''', when final or followed by a consonant are considered to be a part of the syllable where the preceding vowel is the nucleus (see case 4, below). Two vowels in a row form two syllabic nuclei (see cases 3, 6, and 7, below). How syllables are divided is important for determining where the stress accent goes in a word (see [[Mirad_Grammar/Stress]], below). {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;margin-left:4.8em" |+ Syllabification |- ! Example !! Syllabified ('''+''' = syllable boundary) |- | '''ama'''.....''hot'' || '''a+ma''' |- | '''ayma'''.....''warm'' || '''ay+ma''' |- | '''aymsea'''.....''warming up'' || '''aym+se+a''' |- | '''pixwa'''....''caught'' || '''pix+wa''' |- | '''upayo'''....''will have come'' || '''u+pa+yo''' |- | '''vyaa'''....''true'' || '''vya+a''' |- | '''vyaay'''....''truly'' || '''vya+ay''' |- | '''tambwa'''....''settled'' || '''tam+bwa''' |- | '''faof'''....''plank'' || '''fa+of''' |- | '''twoyba'''....''he-she'' || '''twoy+ba''' |- | '''yansauna'''....''common'' || '''yan+sa+u+na''' |- | '''gaw-ejaxer'''....''renovate'' || '''gaw+e+ja+xer''' |- | '''gawa'''....''another'' || '''ga+wa''' |} : : If a '''y''' or '''w''' glide comes between simple vowels, a hyphen is used to indicate that the glide is terminal and belongs to the previous syllable, otherwise there is no need for a hyphen: : : :* '''zoy-uzper'''....''to revert'' (< '''zoy'''....''back'' + '''uzber'''....''to turn'') :* '''zoyuzper'''....''to circle behind'' (< '''zo'''....''behind'' + '''yuzber'''....''to circle'') :* '''zay-azbuxer'''....''to frogmarch'' ('''zay'''....''forth'' + '''azbuxer'''....''to push forcibly'' :* '''zayazasun'''....''protuberance'' (< '''za'''....''front'' + '''yazasun'''....''swelling'' :* '''gawa'''....''once again'' (< '''ga'''....''more'' + '''wa'''....''one, unit suffix'') :* '''gaw-aber'''....''reapply'' (< '''gaw'''....''re-'' + '''aber'''....''apply'') :* '''hyaewa'''....''both'' (< '''hya'''....''all'' + '''e'''....''two'' + '''wa'''....''unit suffix'') : In actual practice, the hyphen is used to differential a terminal glide from and initial glide only in word prefixes. Also, the only time a '''w''' is syllable-final is the prefix '''gaw-''' (''re-''). <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Pronunciation|Stress}}</noinclude> atzvtxdpm6vmcbjxdh9xfj9xiklp6tq 4680703 4680702 2026-11-07T17:01:31Z Tyoyafud 6233 4680703 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{status|100%}}</noinclude> : Every syllable in Mirad contains one and only one vowel. A '''y''' when final or followed by a consonant is used to post-y-glide or diphthongize the previous vowel and is therefore considered part of the syllable in which that vowel is the nucleus (see case 2, below). Similarly, the '''''liquids''''' '''r''' and '''l''', when final or followed by a consonant are considered to be a part of the syllable where the preceding vowel is the nucleus (see case 4, below). Two vowels in a row form two syllabic nuclei (see cases 3, 6, and 7, below). How syllables are divided is important for determining where the stress accent goes in a word (see [[Mirad_Grammar/Stress]], below). :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;margin-left:4.8em" |+ Syllabification |- ! Example !! Syllabified ('''+''' = syllable boundary) |- | '''ama'''.....''hot'' || '''a+ma''' |- | '''ayma'''.....''warm'' || '''ay+ma''' |- | '''aymsea'''.....''warming up'' || '''aym+se+a''' |- | '''pixwa'''....''caught'' || '''pix+wa''' |- | '''upayo'''....''will have come'' || '''u+pa+yo''' |- | '''vyaa'''....''true'' || '''vya+a''' |- | '''vyaay'''....''truly'' || '''vya+ay''' |- | '''tambwa'''....''settled'' || '''tam+bwa''' |- | '''faof'''....''plank'' || '''fa+of''' |- | '''twoyba'''....''he-she'' || '''twoy+ba''' |- | '''yansauna'''....''common'' || '''yan+sa+u+na''' |- | '''gaw-ejaxer'''....''renovate'' || '''gaw+e+ja+xer''' |- | '''gawa'''....''another'' || '''ga+wa''' |} : : If a '''y''' or '''w''' glide comes between simple vowels, a hyphen is used to indicate that the glide is terminal and belongs to the previous syllable, otherwise there is no need for a hyphen: : ::* '''zoy-uzper'''....''to revert'' (< '''zoy'''....''back'' + '''uzber'''....''to turn'') ::* '''zoyuzper'''....''to circle behind'' (< '''zo'''....''behind'' + '''yuzber'''....''to circle'') ::* '''zay-azbuxer'''....''to frogmarch'' ('''zay'''....''forth'' + '''azbuxer'''....''to push forcibly'' ::* '''zayazasun'''....''protuberance'' (< '''za'''....''front'' + '''yazasun'''....''swelling'' ::* '''gawa'''....''once again'' (< '''g(a)'''....''more'' + '''a'''....''one'' + '''wa'''....''one, unit suffix'') ::* '''gaw-aber'''....''reapply'' (< '''gaw'''....''re-'' + '''aber'''....''apply'') ::* '''hyaewa'''....''both'' (< '''hya'''....''all'' + '''e'''....''two'' + '''wa'''....''unit suffix'') : In actual practice, the hyphen is used to differentiate a terminal glide from an initial glide only in word prefixes. Also, the only time a '''w''' is syllable-final is the prefix '''gaw-''' (''re-''). <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Pronunciation|Stress}}</noinclude> 9otcx5t6t5xo9stulxfcebskjbyf5jn 4680722 4680703 2026-11-07T18:09:56Z Tyoyafud 6233 4680722 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{status|100%}}</noinclude> : Every syllable in Mirad contains one and only one vowel. A '''y''' when final or followed by a consonant is used to post-y-glide or diphthongize the previous vowel and is therefore considered part of the syllable in which that vowel is the nucleus (see case 2, below). Similarly, the '''''liquids''''' '''r''' and '''l''', when final or followed by a consonant are considered to be a part of the syllable where the preceding vowel is the nucleus (see case 4, below). Two vowels in a row form two syllabic nuclei (see cases 3, 6, and 7, below). How syllables are divided is important for determining where the stress accent goes in a word (see [[Mirad_Grammar/Stress]], below). :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;margin-left:4.8em" |+ Syllabification |- ! Example !! Syllabified ('''+''' = syllable boundary) |- | '''ama'''.....''hot'' || '''a+ma''' |- | '''ayma'''.....''warm'' || '''ay+ma''' |- | '''aymsea'''.....''warming up'' || '''aym+se+a''' |- | '''pixwa'''....''caught'' || '''pix+wa''' |- | '''upayo'''....''will have come'' || '''u+pa+yo''' |- | '''vyaa'''....''true'' || '''vya+a''' |- | '''vyaay'''....''truly'' || '''vya+ay''' |- | '''tambwa'''....''settled'' || '''tam+bwa''' |- | '''faof'''....''plank'' || '''fa+of''' |- | '''twoyba'''....''he-she'' || '''twoy+ba''' |- | '''yansauna'''....''common'' || '''yan+sa+u+na''' |- | '''gaw-ejaxer'''....''renovate'' || '''gaw+e+ja+xer''' |- | '''gawa'''....''another'' || '''ga+wa''' |} : : If a '''y''' or '''w''' glide comes at a syllable margin, a hyphen is used to indicate that the glide is terminal and belongs to the previous syllable, otherwise there is no need for a hyphen: : ::* '''zoy-uzper'''....''to revert'' (< '''zoy'''....''back'' + '''uzber'''....''to turn'') ::* '''zoyuzper'''....''to circle behind'' (< '''zo'''....''behind'' + '''yuzber'''....''to circle'') ::* '''zay-azbuxer'''....''to frogmarch'' ('''zay'''....''forth'' + '''azbuxer'''....''to push forcibly'' ::* '''zayazasun'''....''protuberance'' (< '''za'''....''front'' + '''yazasun'''....''swelling'' ::* '''gawa'''....''once again'' (< '''g(a)'''....''more'' + '''a'''....''one'' + '''wa'''....''one, unit suffix'') ::* '''gaw-aber'''....''reapply'' (< '''gaw'''....''re-'' + '''aber'''....''apply'') ::* '''hyaewa'''....''both'' (< '''hya'''....''all'' + '''e'''....''two'' + '''wa'''....''unit suffix'') <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Pronunciation|Stress}}</noinclude> ow1glfd2wxm2opcgnlbnrfaa0omb9o8 0 465236 4680809 4373543 2026-11-08T02:31:38Z SignTheSign 3630764 Transposition to [[Chess Opening Theory/1. f3/1...e5/2. g4/2...Qh4]]\ 4680809 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Chess Opening Theory/1. f3/1...e5/2. g4/2...Qh4]] 3n17se2kduik7limtq0v3852nk4sw3y 14 465634 4680754 4377906 2026-11-07T20:36:56Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Kittycataclysm moved page [[Category:Content-related policies]] to [[Category:Content-related policies and guidelines]]: consolidating categories 4377906 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikibooks policies]] tosh17iuvpxqq8i6sumjgjw9slka7vk 4680769 4680754 2026-11-07T20:40:44Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 removed [[Category:Wikibooks policies]]; added [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4680769 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines]] icaibilm249qvbr8yg2d3g5os682imc 4680770 4680769 2026-11-07T20:40:53Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 new key for [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines]]: "C" using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4680770 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines|C]] gve4p6z73fsoukd80inr4ulj71aqizy 14 465635 4680752 4377931 2026-11-07T20:35:33Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Kittycataclysm moved page [[Category:Administrative policies]] to [[Category:Administrative policies and guidelines]]: consolidating categories 4377931 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikibooks policies]] tosh17iuvpxqq8i6sumjgjw9slka7vk 4680764 4680752 2026-11-07T20:37:43Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 removed [[Category:Wikibooks policies]]; added [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4680764 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines]] icaibilm249qvbr8yg2d3g5os682imc 14 465636 4680745 4377938 2026-11-07T20:33:25Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Kittycataclysm moved page [[Category:Behavioral policies]] to [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]]: consolidating categories 4377938 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikibooks policies]] tosh17iuvpxqq8i6sumjgjw9slka7vk 4680763 4680745 2026-11-07T20:37:33Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 removed [[Category:Wikibooks policies]]; added [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 4680763 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines]] icaibilm249qvbr8yg2d3g5os682imc 0 471638 4680807 4463217 2026-11-08T02:23:25Z SignTheSign 3630764 Redirect to [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...Na6/3. Bxa6/3...Qa5/4. Nc3]]: page already exists at the proper title 4680807 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...Na6/3. Bxa6/3...Qa5/4. Nc3]] irfacu4ca33lxxsow2m766pt2r0kczb 0 476576 4680796 4525123 2026-11-07T23:03:49Z TheSingingFly 3490867 /* Bogo-Catalan Defense updates; the Bogo-Indian is not a mistake for Black; rather the 3. g3?! move is an inaccuracy for White. */ 4680796 wikitext text/x-wiki == Bogo-Catalan Defense == Black plays Bb4+, the same move as the Bogo-Indian Defense, and White must block the check. If White plays Nc3?!, the opening transposes into a '''Nimzo-Indian Defense, Romanishin Variation'''. The '''Bogo-Catalan Defense''' is the same move order as the Bogo-Indian, but against the Catalan move of 3. g3 instead of 3. Nf3. White's earlier 3. g3?! does not immediately fight for the center (as opposed to 3. Nf3 or 3. Nc3), instead opting to fianchetto the bishop as fast as possible, instead of later on Move 5. However, looking to fianchetto the bishop early like this comes with numerous tradeoffs, which the Bogo-Catalan Defense is built to exploit. White needs to figure out how to block the check. The move 4. Nd2 allows 4...c5!, challenging White's center with the bishop-pawn in similar fashion to the Benoni, except with the dark-squared bishop already outside the pawn chain. After 5. a3 Bxd2, White needs to take with the queen 6. Qxd2; otherwise, 6. Bxd2? trying to route the dark-squared bishop to the long diagonal on c3 hangs the d4 pawn. After 6. Qxd2, Black takes with 6...cxd4 sure enough, breaking up White's center. This allows incredibly dynamic counterplay for Black against White's Catalan formation, producing great chances for Black to fight for the win. In contrast, if 4. Bd2, Black has numerous ways to respond—the mainlines 4...Be7 or 4...Bxd2+, or the sidelines 4...a5 or 4...Qe7. While the mainlines seek to avoid the exchange of dark-squared bishops or release the tension early, the sidelines are built to discourage White from exchanging the dark-squared bishops on b4, either due to opening the a-file for Black's a8 rook or due to a dangerous Black queen post on b4 where she begins gobbling White's center pawns. {{BookCat}} ndl6p5m3pyiqkrznygpyufniaveon3f 2 479824 4680708 4601851 2026-11-07T17:14:57Z Koavf 16549 Koavf moved page [[Educational Development of Great Britain]] to [[User:Guliismailova/Educational Development of Great Britain]] without leaving a redirect 4601851 wikitext text/x-wiki __TOC__{{Qr-em|this seems to be an orphaned page—what book should it be moved to?}} == Objective Overview of the Chapter == === After reading this chapter, the learner will be able to: === * Explain the historical development of the UK education system. * Analyse the results of important reforms such as the Education Acts of 1870, 1988, and 1954. * Recognise how social and economic changes affect educational policy. * Describe the key components of British education, including professionalism among teachers and inclusivity. * Discuss about how the effective British educational system can be used to improve Uzbekistan's educational system. ---- <div style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"> '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain|Home Page]]''' • '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain/Historical_Background|Next Chapter →]]''' </div> == Historical Background == [[File:Map2025.jpg|thumb|canva|center|600x600px]] === Until 1870 === In Great Britain, education was mostly informal and unequal around 1870. Only wealthy families could afford a quality education because schools were either run by churches, nonprofit organisations, or private tutors. Early in the 19th century, religious organisations like the British and Foreign School Society and the National Society established schools for children with limited opportunities that focused on religion, reading, and writing. ==== Industrialisation and The 1870 Elementary Education Act (Forster Act) ==== British society was radically changed by the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries, which also made education critically necessary. Workers needed to be read, skilled, and disciplined due to the rapid urbanisation and factory labour. However, because many of them worked long hours in poor conditions, most kids from the working class got little or no education. Education, according to reformers and philanthropists, is essential for both social stability and economic growth. Churches and charity schools were no longer able to meet the needs of the growing population. The Elementary Education Act of 1870 (Forster Act) addressed this problem by creating locally elected school boards to build and manage schools. It made education accessible to children ages 5 to 13 and permitted both state and church schools. For lawmakers, expanding education brought several advantages: * it created a more skilled and productive workforce to support industrial growth; * reduced social unrest by integrating working-class children into a structured school system; * strengthened national competitiveness by ensuring Britain kept pace with other industrialising countries. It also allowed the government to shape civic values, discipline, and loyalty among future citizens. The UK's current state education system was established by this act, which also made schooling mandatory in 1880 and free in 1891. ==== WW2 and The 1944 Education Act (Butler Act) ==== The Second World War (1939–1945) showed severe disparities in British schooling. Due to the evacuation of many children from urban areas, poor school conditions and unequal educational levels were revealed. The war also highlighted how important educated people were to rebuilding the country. One of the most important changes in British history, the Education Act, was introduced in 1944 by R. A. Butler. It separated education into primary, secondary, and further education phases and made secondary education free and required until the age of 15. The three-part system of grammar schools, technical schools, and modern secondary schools was developed to fit students' talents. The Act reinforced the state's duty to provide every child with equal opportunities. It also established the idea of “education for all,” turning education into a right rather than a privilege. As the need for educated workers grew during the Industrial Revolution, additional schools were founded with the help of factory owners and charities. Children's rights to education and well-being were promoted by reformers like Lord Shaftesbury and Robert Owen. There was still no national framework in place, and many children choose to work instead of go to school. This disparity led to the passage of the Elementary Education Act of 1870, which established free public education ===== Neoliberalism and The 1988 Education Reform Act ===== By the 1980s, the UK's political and economic climate had changed in support of neoliberalism, a theory that places a strong focus on individual choice, efficiency, accountability, and market competition. The administration, led by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, was intended to reduce state authority also integrate private sector ideas into public services, such as education. Considering this, the Education Reform Act of 1988 developed as one of the key pieces of legislation influencing contemporary British education. The social services model of the post-war era was significantly modified, and a market system focused on performance, standards, and parental choice was adopted. The main provisions of the law included: * The establishment of a national curriculum specifying the subjects that must be taught in all state schools in Wales and England. * Standardised exams (SATs) were first administered to evaluate pupil performance at the ages of 7, 11, and 14. * The development of a local management system (LMS) for educational establishments, which would provide directors and principals additional executive and financial authority. * The development of grant-funded schools, offering the option of receiving financing directly from the federal government instead of from local governments. * The development of school assessments in order that the public can judge schools based on test results. Supporters argued that by raising standards and transparency, these measures promoted accountability and competition. Opponents replied that they prioritised outcomes above a well-rounded education, restricted the curriculum, and increased poverty. Overall, the 1988 Education Reform Act changed the way education is organised by changing it as a market system in which parents are consumers and organisations struggle for students and resources. This change was in keeping with the larger neoliberal objectives of the time.<center> [[File:Wikimedia_in_Education_UK, 2020 - Keynote Allison_Littlejohn.webm|600px]] <br> ''Click to watch it.'' </center> ---- <div style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"> '''← [[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain/Objective_Overview|Previous Chapter]]''' • '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain|Home Page]]''' • '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain/Innovation_and_Leadership|Next Chapter →]]''' </div> == Innovation and Leadership in Modern Education Across Great Britain == # '''At the political level:''' The UK government promotes innovation through national initiatives like the Skills for Work Strategy and the Education Technology Strategy. In order to match education with the needs of the contemporary economy, these programs support lifelong learning, digital transformation, and the building of industry-education cooperation. ''(Source: Department for Education, 2024 — GOV.UK'' [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/edtech-strategy Education Technology Strategy – Department for Education, 2024])'')'' # '''In Higher Education:''' Universities across the UK are leading the way in innovation through evidence-based teaching, entrepreneurship programs, and digital learning platforms (e.g., Open University, University College London). Being a leader in this field entails encouraging broad cooperation, academic freedom, and creative curriculum creation ''(Source: Times Higher Education, 2023'' [https://www.timeshighereducation.com Times Higher Education, 2023]'')'' # '''In the field of Professional Education and Teacher Training:''' Leadership in continuing education focuses on improving teacher qualifications and covering up training with future labor market needs. Professional leadership networks that promote creative teaching techniques around the nation are supported by the UK's Chartered College of Teaching. ''(Source: Chartered College of Teaching, 2023'' [https://chartered.college Chartered College of Teaching, 2023]'')'' # '''At the School Level:''' School leaders act as change agents, encouraging teachers to experiment with new teaching methods, technologies, and inclusion strategies. The British system is now known for its distributed leadership model, which distributes creativity across all employees. ''(Source: British Council, 2023'' [https://www.britishcouncil.org British Council, 2023]'')'' {| class="wikitable" |+ !№ !Reference !Summary |- |1 |Lovett, S. (2023). ''Teacher leadership and teachers’ learning.'' Teaching Education.https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2023.2235583 |Examines how giving new teachers early chances to show off their leadership abilities affects both their professional growth and school reform. |- |2 |Freires, T. (2024). ''Innovation through the implementation of technology in schools.'' Learning, Media and Technology.https://journals.uclpress.co.uk/lre/article/pubid/LRE-22-37/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |Examines how each level of education is affected by technology and how UK schools are using it to encourage creativity. |- |3 |Shal, T. (2024). ''Unpacking teacher agency and distributed leadership.'' Educational Technology Research and Development.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10639-023-12446-5?utm_source=chatgpt.com |Examines the significance of collaborative leadership in innovation as well as the ways in which teacher leadership appears in online communities |- |4 |Lucas, B. (2023). ''Leadership for creative thinking in schools: How current research and innovation is putting creativity back into schools in England.'' Chartered College of Teaching Impact Article.https://my.chartered.college/impact_article/leadership-for-creative-thinking-in-schools-how-current-research-and-innovation-is-putting-creativity-back-into-schools-in-england/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |The discussion concentrates on how English school officials are giving special consideration to integrating innovation and creative thinking into the curriculum. |- |5 |Greany, T., & Maxwell, B. (2017). ''Evidence-informed innovation in schools.'' Educational Management Administration & Leadership<nowiki/>https://shura.shu.ac.uk/16291/4/Maxwell%20Evidence-informed%20innovation%20in%20schools.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com |An analysis of 66 school clusters in England that used R&D methods to introduce innovation is presented, highlighting obstacles and favourable circumstances. |} ---- <div style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"> '''← [[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain/Historical_Background|Previous Chapter]]''' • '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain|Home Page]]''' • '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain/Teacher_Preparation|Next Chapter →]]''' </div> == Teacher Preparation in Great Britain == [[File:Colorful playful creative main idea Graphic organizer.pdf|center|thumb|600x600px|graphic chart]] ---- <div style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"> '''← [[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain/Innovation_and_Leadership|Previous Chapter]]''' • '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain|Home Page]]''' • '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain/Application_to_Uzbekistan|Next Chapter →]]''' </div> == Application to Uzbekistan’s Education System == The educational system in the United Kingdom provides useful insights that might be applied to improve education in Uzbekistan. Teacher training is one important aspect. The British model places a strong emphasis on mentoring, reflective practice, and ongoing professional development (CPD). Similar training programs could be introduced in Uzbekistan to enhance instruction and encourage creativity in the classroom. Another component that might be used is inclusive, competency-based education. The British emphasis on equality, creativity, and a personalised approach to education may lead Uzbekistan to adopt a more adaptable curriculum that fits a range of student requirements and gets them ready for lifetime learning. The development of leadership is a further essential component. The British shared leadership approach, in which teachers share decision-making authority, has the potential to enhance school atmosphere, motivation, and accountability in Uzbekistan. Lastly, the advantages of using technology into instruction and evaluation are illustrated by the UK's advancements in digital education. Uzbekistan should increase access and engagement by growing its e-learning and digital literacy efforts, especially in rural areas. Furthermore, the UK's developments in digital education act as an example of the benefits of integrating technology into instruction and assessment. Uzbekistan should increase access and engagement by growing its e-learning and digital literacy initiatives, especially in remote areas. Through the integration of the UK's knowledge, Uzbekistan might potentially develop an educational system that is more innovative, inclusive, and globally competitive. ---- <div style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"> '''← [[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain/Teacher_Preparation|Previous Chapter]]''' • '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain|Home Page]]''' • '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain/Conclusion|Next Chapter →]]''' </div> == Conclusion == From church-based education, the UK's educational system has developed into an innovative, inclusive, and superior national system. The British shared leadership approach allows teachers to take part in decision-making. This model has the potential to improve the school atmosphere, motivation, and accountability in Uzbekistan. Teacher preparation, inclusive and competency-based learning, quality control, and efficient use of technology are some of the British system's main advantages. These features promote equality, creativity, and continuous improvement. Similar approaches, like differentiated learning, digital learning, and reflective teacher development, could improve the standard and accessibility of education in Uzbekistan. In the UK, church-based education gave way to a modern, inclusive, and outstanding national education system. From the Forster Act to the Butler Act and the Education Reform Act, each reform considered the social and economic changes in the country to ensure that education changed to address new problems. Among the primary benefits of the British system are teacher training, quality assurance, inclusive and competency-based learning, and efficient use of technology. These characteristics foster equality, innovation, and ongoing development. All things considered, the UK's experience shows that innovation, equity, and ongoing change are critical for long-term success in education; Uzbekistan might benefit from these ideas as it works to create a more modern and globally competitive educational system. ---- <div style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"> '''← [[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain/Application_to_Uzbekistan|Previous Chapter]]''' • '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain|Home Page]]''' • '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain/Reference_List|Next Chapter →]]''' </div> == Reference List == British Council. (2023). ''School leadership: Global perspectives and best practices.''[https://www.britishcouncil.org/research-insight/school-leadership?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://www.britishcouncil.org/research-insight/school-leadership?utm_source] Department for Education. (2024). ''Realising the potential of technology in education.'' GOV.UK.[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/realising-the-potential-of-technology-in-education?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/realising-the-potential-of-technology-in-education?utm_source] Department for Education. (2024). ''Qualified teacher status (QTS): Guidance.'' GOV.UK.[https://www.gov.uk/guidance/qualified-teacher-status-qts?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://www.gov.uk/guidance/qualified-teacher-status-qts?utm_source] Get Into Teaching. (2024). ''Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE).'' GOV.UK [https://getintoteaching.education.gov.uk/steps-to-become-a-teacher?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://getintoteaching.education.gov.uk/steps-to-become-a-teacher?utm_source] Lucas, B. (2023). Leadership for creative thinking in schools: How current research and innovation is putting creativity back into schools in England. ''Impact Journal, Chartered College of Teaching.'' [https://my.chartered.college/impact_article/leadership-for-creative-thinking-in-schools-how-current-research-and-innovation-is-putting-creativity-back-into-schools-in-england/?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://my.chartered.college/impact_article/leadership-for-creative-thinking-in-schools-how-current-research-and-innovation-is-putting-creativity-back-into-schools-in-england/?utm_source] Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development OECD. (2022). ''Education in the United Kingdom: OECD reviews of national policies for education.'' OECD Publishing. [https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2022/10/education-at-a-glance-2022_4aad242c/3197152b-en.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2022/10/education-at-a-glance-2022_4aad242c/3197152b-en.pdf?utm_source] United Kingdom Government. (2024). ''Initial Teacher Training Census 2024/25.'' GOV.UK. [https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/initial-teacher-training-trainee-number-census-2024-to-2025?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/initial-teacher-training-trainee-number-census-2024-to-2025?utm_source] ---- <div style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"> '''← [[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain/Conclusion|Previous Chapter]]''' • '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain|Home Page]]''' • '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain/Further_Reading|Next Chapter →]]''' </div> == Further Reading == * [https://www.gov.uk/government/education Department for Education (DfE). (2024). Official resources on UK education policy.] * [https://www.oecd.org/education/education-in-the-united-kingdom-2022.htm OECD. (2022). ''Education in the United Kingdom: OECD Reviews of National Policies for Education.''] * [https://chartered.college/ Chartered College of Teaching. (2023). ''Professional learning and leadership in British schools.''] * [https://www.britishcouncil.org/school-resources British Council. (2023). ''School leadership and global teaching resources.''] * [https://impact.chartered.college/article/lucas-leadership-for-creative-thinking-in-schools/ Lucas, B. (2023). ''Leadership for creative thinking in schools.'' Impact Journal.] * [https://getintoteaching.education.gov.uk/ Get Into Teaching. (2024). ''Teacher training routes and PGCE guidance in the UK.'']<div style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"> '''← [[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain/Reference_List|Previous Chapter]]''' • '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain|Home Page]]''' • '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain/Review_Questions|Next Chapter →]]''' </div> == Review and Discussion Questions == # What impact has the UK's educational history - from the Forster Act of 1870 to more recent reforms - had on the creation of the nation's current educational framework? # What role do leadership and creativity play in raising education and enhancing the quality of instruction in UK schools today? # What are the main routes to teaching in the United Kingdom, and how are professional standards such as Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) ensured? # Which UK educational practices - such as curriculum creation, leadership initiatives, or reflective teacher training - could be modified to improve Uzbekistan's educational system? # What effects do modern issues like inclusion, digital transformation, and staff shortages have on leadership development and teacher preparation in the UK? ---- <div style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"> '''← [[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain/Further_Reading|Previous Chapter]]''' • '''[[Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain|Home Page]]''' </div> pqp13k8qexhr7pcbs6kq0r4hv8xmq6x 0 480630 4680693 4608354 2026-11-07T16:17:58Z Perpetually Blooming Rose 3630725 fix citation title 4680693 wikitext text/x-wiki == Background == === Origins and Governance === ==== Mission ==== OpenAI began in 2015 as a nonprofit research organization with the stated mission of ensuring that artificial general intelligence (AGI) benefits all of humanity.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=OpenAI Charter |url=https://openai.com/charter/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=openai.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-13 |title=Introducing OpenAI |url=https://openai.com/index/introducing-openai/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=openai.com |language=en-US}}</ref> In its charter, OpenAI defines AGI as “highly autonomous systems that outperform humans at most economically valuable work,” and states that its primary fiduciary duty is to humanity, alongside commitments to broadly distributed benefits and long-term safety.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Governance ==== In 2019, OpenAI created a capped-profit subsidiary, OpenAI LP, to raise capital and attract employees while keeping the nonprofit’s mission in control.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-13 |title=OpenAI LP |url=https://openai.com/index/openai-lp/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=openai.com |language=en-US}}</ref> OpenAI described the structure as one where returns to investors and employees are capped and the nonprofit retains ultimate authority over the for-profit entity; investors and employees were said to sign agreements acknowledging that OpenAI LP’s overriding obligation is to advance the Charter’s aims.<ref name=":2" /> === Stakeholders and Executives === * '''Sam Altman''' (CEO) was the most visible executive in OpenAI’s post-ChatGPT expansion.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |title=OpenAI unlikely to offer board seat to Microsoft, other investors - source |language=en-US |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/openai-not-expected-offer-board-seat-microsoft-other-investors-information-2023-11-28/ |access-date=2025-12-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster, sources say |language=en-US |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/sam-altmans-ouster-openai-was-precipitated-by-letter-board-about-ai-breakthrough-2023-11-22/ |access-date=2025-12-15}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |title=ChatGPT maker OpenAI ousts CEO Sam Altman |language=en-US |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/openai-ceo-sam-altman-step-down-2023-11-17/ |access-date=2025-12-15}}</ref> Reporting described him as favoring rapid development and public deployment to stress-test and improve frontier systems, a stance often characterized as the “move fast” side of the safety-versus-speed debate.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |title=Sam Altman's firing at OpenAI reflects schism over future of AI development |language=en-US |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/sam-altmans-firing-openai-reflects-schism-over-future-ai-development-2023-11-20/ |access-date=2025-12-15}}</ref> Altman has described himself as a “techno optimist,”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sam Altman on the future of AI and humanity (Transcript) |url=https://www.ted.com/pages/sam-altman-on-the-future-of-ai-and-humanity-transcript |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=www.ted.com |language=en}}</ref> and this posture resembles accelerationist framing that gained visibility in Silicon Valley under labels such as “effective accelerationism” (e/acc)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tiku |first=Nitasha |date=Feb. 17, 2024 |title=How Silicon Valley learned to love America, drones and glory |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/02/17/silicon-valley-military-tech-defense-contractors/ |url-status=live}}</ref>. * '''Ilya Sutskever''' (cofounder, chief scientist, board member) was described in reporting as aligned with a more precautionary approach emphasizing stronger safeguards and more controlled development before wide deployment.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> He co-led OpenAI’s “Superalignment” initiative, which argued that humans cannot reliably supervise AI systems much smarter than humans and focused on aligning such systems.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-14 |title=Introducing Superalignment |url=https://openai.com/index/introducing-superalignment/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=openai.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * '''Greg Brockman''' (cofounder, president) worked closely with Altman and was publicly associated with OpenAI’s product and platform execution.<ref name=":4" /> <ref>{{Cite news |title=Sam Altman to return as OpenAI CEO after his tumultuous ouster |language=en-US |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/sam-altman-return-openai-ceo-2023-11-22/ |access-date=2025-12-15}}</ref> Reporting on the internal split portrayed him as aligned with Altman’s rapid-deployment approach.<ref name=":5" /> * '''Independent directors''' Adam D’Angelo (Quora CEO), Helen Toner (Center for Security and Emerging Technology), and Tasha McCauley (technology entrepreneur) served on the nonprofit board alongside Sutskever and were reported to hold no equity in OpenAI.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-19 |title=Sam Altman in talks to return to OpenAI amid rift over dangers of artificial intelligence |language=en-US |work=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/11/18/sam-altman-ilya-sutskever-openai/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Their public-facing roles were described primarily in terms of governance and mission oversight.<ref name=":4" /> ==== Microsoft ==== Microsoft was OpenAI’s largest strategic partner and a primary provider of computing infrastructure, with reporting estimating Microsoft’s investment in OpenAI in the multibillion-dollar range.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-13 |title=OpenAI and Microsoft extend partnership |url=https://openai.com/index/openai-and-microsoft-extend-partnership/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=openai.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Blogs |first=Microsoft Corporate |date=2023-01-23 |title=Microsoft and OpenAI extend partnership |url=https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2023/01/23/microsoftandopenaiextendpartnership/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=The Official Microsoft Blog |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> Reuters reported that Microsoft did not hold a seat on the nonprofit board that governed OpenAI.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=Microsoft to take non-voting, observer position on OpenAI's board |language=en-US |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/microsoft-take-non-voting-observer-position-openais-board-2023-11-30/ |access-date=2025-12-15}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> === Launch of ChatGPT === On November 30, 2022, OpenAI released ChatGPT as a free “research preview,” describing it as a way to gather feedback and learn about the system’s strengths and limitations. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-13 |title=Introducing ChatGPT |url=https://openai.com/index/chatgpt/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=openai.com |language=en-US}}</ref>The product’s rapid adoption—estimated by an analyst study to reach 100 million monthly active users by January 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |title=ChatGPT sets record for fastest-growing user base - analyst note |language=en-US |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/chatgpt-sets-record-fastest-growing-user-base-analyst-note-2023-02-01/ |access-date=2025-12-15}}</ref> Commentators have interpreted this rapid growth as helping shift OpenAI from a primarily research-oriented organization toward operating a mass-market consumer service.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Helen Toner on the OpenAI coup: ‘It was about trust and accountability’ |url=https://www.ft.com/content/9824d8a4-401d-4275-9361-c71dcf58cb1c |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=www.ft.com}}</ref> In 2023, OpenAI expanded its commercial offerings by introducing ChatGPT Plus, releasing GPT-4, and hosting its first developer conference (DevDay), where it announced developer-facing products including GPT-4 Turbo and the Assistants API.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-13 |title=Introducing ChatGPT Plus |url=https://openai.com/index/chatgpt-plus/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=openai.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-12 |title=GPT-4 |url=https://openai.com/index/gpt-4-research/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=openai.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-13 |title=New models and developer products announced at DevDay |url=https://openai.com/index/new-models-and-developer-products-announced-at-devday/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=openai.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Reporting on the later governance dispute linked the company’s faster product cadence to internal debate about how quickly frontier systems should be deployed to the public.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tong |first=Anna |date=May 28, 2024 |title=Ex-OpenAI board member provides her first detailed account of CEO ouster |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/ex-openai-board-member-provides-her-first-detailed-account-ceo-ouster-2024-05-29/ |url-status=live}}</ref> === Q* and Safety Concerns === In November 2023, reporting said OpenAI researchers warned the board in a letter about an AI capability advance they believed could pose serious risks, and that leadership later referenced internally a project called “Q*” (pronounced “Q-Star”).<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |title=OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster, sources say |language=en-US |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/sam-altmans-ouster-openai-was-precipitated-by-letter-board-about-ai-breakthrough-2023-11-22/ |access-date=2025-12-15}}</ref> The same reporting described board grievances that included concerns about commercializing advances before fully understanding their consequences.<ref name=":7" /> OpenAI’s Superalignment program, co-led by Sutskever and Jan Leike, described steering and controlling AI systems much smarter than humans as an unsolved problem and framed it as a priority for additional research effort.<ref name=":6" /> === Industry Context === OpenAI’s productization unfolded amid rapid competitive escalation among frontier-model developers.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-06 |title=An important next step on our AI journey |url=https://blog.google/technology/ai/bard-google-ai-search-updates/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Google |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Introducing Claude |url=https://www.anthropic.com/news/introducing-claude |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=www.anthropic.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=July 18, 2023 |title=Meta and Microsoft Introduce the Next Generation of Llama |url=https://ai.meta.com/blog/llama-2/}}</ref> Google announced Bard in early 2023 as an experimental conversational system.<ref name=":8" /> Rival lab Anthropic released Claude and described “constitutional” approaches to shaping model behavior using explicit principles.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Claude’s Constitution |url=https://www.anthropic.com/news/claudes-constitution |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=www.anthropic.com |language=en}}</ref> Meta released Llama 2 under a license intended to support both research and commercial use.<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Llama 2 Community License Agreement - Meta AI |url=https://ai.meta.com/llama/license/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=ai.meta.com |language=en}}</ref> == The Incident == === Board Action and Immediate Fallout === On November 17, 2023 Sam Altman was removed from his position as CEO at OpenAI. The board of directors expressed they had lost confidence in his ability to effectively lead the company, stating “Sam Altman was not consistently candid in his communications with the board, hindering its ability to exercise its responsibilities” <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-13 |title=OpenAI announces leadership transition |url=https://openai.com/index/openai-announces-leadership-transition/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=openai.com |language=en-US}}</ref>. The board provided little information about this decision at the time, but they did expand on three main points: an alleged lack of honesty by the board, an aversion to AI and deep learning ethics associated with rapid innovation and research, and the need to protect OpenAI’s nonprofit mission of developing AI as a benefit to humanity <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sam Altman OpenAI Ouster Sparks Industry Speculation |url=https://viso.ai/deep-learning/ethics-in-ai-sam-altman-and-openai/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=viso.ai |language=en-US}}</ref>. Shortly after this announcement, OpenAI co-founder and President Greg Brockman announced his resignation, along with three other executives, and the board appointed Chief Technology Officer Mira Murati as interim CEO <ref name=":0" />.<blockquote>i loved my time at openai. it was transformative for me personally, and hopefully the world a little bit. most of all i loved working with such talented people. will have more to say about what's next later. 🫡 -Sam Altman, Nov 17, 2023</blockquote> === Reinstatement and Board Restructuring === On November 19, 2023 Altman met with OpenAI leaders and the board to negotiate his return as CEO. He made a post on X showing himself wearing a guest badge, captioning it as the “first and last time i ever wear one of these” <ref>{{Cite news |last=Milmo |first=Dan |last2=editor |first2=Dan Milmo Global technology |date=2023-11-25 |title=Sacking, revolt, return: how crisis at OpenAI over Sam Altman unfolded |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/nov/25/how-crisis-openai-sam-altman-unfolded |access-date=2025-12-15 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>. Around the same time, Murati was replaced as acting CEO by Emmett Shear, a former leader of the popular streaming platform Twitch. Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella also began taking interest in a board position; despite being partnered with OpenAI, Microsoft had never served as a board member up to that point. Altman’s firing did not go over well with most of the employees at OpenAI, as more than 700 employees threatened to resign in a letter to the board if Altman was not reinstated as CEO. Nadella also made an announcement that Altman and Brockman would take the lead over a newly established AI team at Microsoft, and extended an offer for OpenAI employees to join as well <ref name=":0" />. In response, OpenAI board member Ilya Sutskever reversed his position to fire Altman, expressing public regret over the decision and signing a conditional resignation <ref name=":0" />. Finally on November 21, 2023, OpenAI, Altman, and Brockman were able to come to an agreement that fostered their return to the company. More than a week later, they were reinstated into their former positions and all but one of the previous board members stepped down, with Microsoft gaining a non-voting observer position on the board <ref name=":0" />. == Professional Ethics Implications == The OpenAI leadership crisis offers a valuable lens through which to examine professional ethics in contemporary organizations, particularly those operating at the intersection of technology, public trust, and corporate governance. === Governance Authority vs. Ethical Process === The OpenAI case illustrates that having formal authority does not automatically mean acting ethically. While boards are ethically and legally empowered to remove executives, the manner in which they use that authority matters. Abrupt decision-making without enough explanation or clear standards can undermine people's perceptions of fairness and due process. Ethical governance means not just making decisions, making them in a way that’s consistent, balanced, and careful, especially when those decisions affect the whole organization. Referring back to the firing of Sam Altman, the board had the right to fire him as CEO. However, the overnight nature of the decision, raises ethical concerns about how that authority was exercised. Beyond questions of speed and procedure, this case highlights an ethical gap between formal rules and keeping an organization stable in practice. Ethical governance isn’t just about following the rules—it also means thinking ahead about the consequences, for example, how the decision might disrupt the organization or hurt trust. As Robert Solomon and Fernando Flores articulate in ''Building Trust'', trust is foundational to effective organizational relationships and can't be mandated by authority alone <ref>{{Cite book |last=Solomon |first=Robert C. |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/2455 |title=Building Trust: In Business, Politics, Relationships, and Life |last2=Flores |first2=Fernando |date=2003-04-10 |publisher=Oxford University PressNew York |isbn=978-0-19-516111-3 |edition=1 |language=en |doi=10.1093/0195161114.001.0001}}</ref>. When boards act without a clear process or plan for transition, they risk ethical failure by neglecting their responsibility to take care of the institution as a whole. The case suggests that ethical authority includes an obligation to anticipate downstream effects, not just to assert control. === Transparency as an Ethical Obligation === The board’s reliance on vague justifications highlights the ethical tension between confidentiality and transparency. While discretion may be necessary in sensitive leadership matters, not enough disclosure can damage trust among employees, partners, and the public. This case suggests that transparency is not just a communication strategy but an ethical duty when decisions greatly affect stakeholders. Ethical professionalism demands providing enough information to ensure accountability without compromising any legitimate privacy concerns. The OpenAI firing event also shows how information asymmetry, where some hold the facts and other don't, intensifies ethical risk. When those in charge don't give enough explanation for major decisions, stakeholders are left to fill the gaps with speculation, which can harm how leadership and governance are seen. Philosopher Onora O’Neill emphasizes that transparency is essential for trustworthiness, but transparency must be meaningful, not just symbolic <ref>{{Cite book |last=0`Neill |first=Onora |title=A question of trust |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge Univ. Press |isbn=978-0-521-52996-9 |edition=5. printing |series=The BBC Reith lectures |location=Cambridge}}</ref>. The case underscores that ethical transparency acts as a corrective tool—it allows for oversight, shared understanding, and promotes learning within the organization. In a company with significant impact on the public, keeping operations or information hidden can feel like breaking a promise to those who have placed their trust or resources in it. === Mission Integrity in Organizations === OpenAI’s hybrid nonprofit–for-profit structure complicates traditional ethical frameworks. The case exposes tensions between staying true to a public-interest mission and handling commercial pressures, investor relationships, and competitive demands. Ethical challenges arise when governance structures are not clearly aligned with its mission priorities. More broadly, the case shows that mission-driven organizations require clear ethical safeguards to provide transparency about whose interests' decision-makers are ultimately serving. This case further illustrates how an unclear mission can make ethical decision-making harder, especially during moments of crisis. When an organization’s purpose is not operationally embedded into how its governed, different people might see the mission differently and make conflicting choices—each believing they’re doing the right thing. OpenAI’s situation reflects concerns about “mission drift,” where market or investor pressures gradually shift priorities away from the organization's original public good goals<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ebrahim |first=Alnoor |last2=Battilana |first2=Julie |last3=Mair |first3=Johanna |date=2014-01-01 |title=The governance of social enterprises: Mission drift and accountability challenges in hybrid organizations |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191308514000082 |journal=Research in Organizational Behavior |volume=34 |pages=81–100 |doi=10.1016/j.riob.2014.09.001 |issn=0191-3085}}</ref>. The lesson here is that mission integrity can't be assumed, it must be actively protected through governance, especially in organizations balancing public trust with private capital. == References == <references /> {{BookCat}} gv25kpkwwjt9i2oz6bfjc4occ7o1ddx 0 483110 4680695 4637381 2026-11-07T16:20:14Z Perpetually Blooming Rose 3630725 fix citation title 4680695 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == In early March 2026, Mitchell's Causeway at Victoria Pass suffered serious structural damage, abruptly closing a critical highway link between Sydney and the Central West. Known locally as the Convict Bridge, the causeway carries the Great Western Highway between Little Hartley and Mount Victoria, where around 12,000 vehicles normally passed each day <ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-05 |title=Great Western Highway fix in sight almost 60 days after road shut |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-05-05/great-western-highway-solution/106641888 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref>. Once the road closed, that traffic had to move through longer and less suitable mountain detours. The problem was not just that an old bridge cracked. More uncomfortable is the fact that this old bridge was still doing the job of a modern strategic road. Mitchell's Causeway is historically valuable because it remains a rare example of colonial road engineering. Heritage NSW records that the Victoria Pass Causeway was built between 1829 and 1832 and has retained much of its original form and fabric<ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria Pass {{!}} Heritage NSW |url=https://apps.environment.nsw.gov.au/dpcheritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=4301023 |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=apps.environment.nsw.gov.au}}</ref>. That heritage value matters, but it also makes the present-day transport problem harder. A normal road asset can be rebuilt with fewer constraints; a convict-built causeway on the State Heritage Register cannot be treated so casually. Safety, heritage and traffic function all sit on the same narrow piece of road. By April, geotechnical work had confirmed that the issue was deeper than surface pavement damage. Minister Jenny Aitchison said the fill underneath the road had deteriorated and that there were "voids and gaps" within the causeway structure<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-10 |title=Minister says there is no 'proper timetable' for reopening NSW highway |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-04-10/great-western-highway-geotechnical-study-shows-gaps-under-road/106549768 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref>. Earlier warning signs also matter here. ABC reported that local business groups had raised concerns about the safety and durability of the Convict Bridge before the closure, while broader corridor planning had already identified reliability problems at Victoria Pass<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-10 |title=Government warned now-closed 'horse and cart' Convict Bridge unfit for modern traffic |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-03-10/great-western-highway-convict-bridge-closed/106432242 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref>. In other words, the shutdown did not come from nowhere. Official advice suggested that the Darling Causeway and Bells Line of Road detour could add up to 25 minutes to a Blue Mountains crossing<ref>{{Cite journal |last=NSW |first=Transport for |date=2026-03-13 |title=“We will not risk lives”: Extra rail and transport services to be rolled out as Great Western Highway closure to remain in place for at least three months {{!}} NSW Government |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/ministerial-releases/great-western-highway-closure |language=en-AU}}</ref>. That figure is tidy, but real life was not. For a person making one flexible trip, 25 minutes may be manageable. For students, workers, freight drivers, medical trips and small businesses relying on passing traffic, the cost was repeated every day. The detour became part of people's routines, not just a line in a traffic update. The state moved quickly once the road was closed. Extra rail, coach and school bus services followed, agencies formed an incident management team, and the government committed A$50 million to improving detour routes such as Darling Causeway, Chifley Road and Lithgow Main Street<ref>{{Cite journal |last=NSW |first=Transport for |date=2026-03-25 |title=Minns Government commits $50 million to strengthen detour routes during Great Western Highway closure {{!}} NSW Government |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/ministerial-releases/minns-government-commits-50-million-to-strengthen-detour-routes-during-great-western-highway-closure |language=en-AU}}</ref>. Later, Transport for NSW received ten engineering submissions and shortlisted consortia led by Seymour Whyte and Gamuda to develop repair options<ref>{{Cite journal |last=NSW |first=Transport for |date=2026-05-13 |title=Two engineering solutions shortlisted to restore Great Western Highway at Victoria Pass {{!}} NSW Government |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/ministerial-releases/victoria-pass-engineering-solutions-shortlisted |language=en-AU}}</ref>. Those responses were necessary. Yet their timing is hard to ignore: the detour network became urgent only after the main route had already failed. In short, this is less a heritage repair problem than a failure of transport resilience: a known vulnerable link lacked a robust fallback before it failed. The road can eventually reopen, but reopening alone will not explain why that fallback was missing. == Annotated list of actors == {| class="wikitable" ! Actor / Stakeholder group ! Role in the case ! Main interests, concerns and policy relevance |- | '''Transport for NSW, engineers and heritage specialists''' | Led the operational response, including road closure, monitoring, detours and technical assessment. | Transport for NSW had to prioritise public safety once movement was detected at Mitchell’s Causeway. The closure itself was difficult to dispute, but the harder issue sits before the closure: whether the agency had clear enough trigger points for earlier intervention, especially after local concerns about the bridge’s safety had already been raised(Heritage NSW, n.d.). |- | '''Heritage NSW and conservation interests''' | Defined the heritage value of Victoria Pass Causeway and shaped the limits of repair. | Heritage NSW gives the site its historical weight. The causeway matters because much of its colonial engineering remains legible, but that is exactly what complicates repair. Current policy protects the heritage asset, yet it does not clearly answer how that asset should function when it is still part of a freight and commuter route (Heritage NSW, n.d.). |- | '''NSW Government, Minister Jenny Aitchison and the repair decision''' | Managed the political response, public messaging, funding and repair procurement. | The government’s safety-first message was reasonable, but it also narrowed the public conversation. Once the issue was framed mainly as “do not risk lives,” less attention was given to why a known fragile cross-mountain link had no pre-prepared detour capacity strong enough to absorb the failure. The repair decision also has to balance speed, durability, cost, heritage approval and political pressure<ref>{{Cite journal |last=NSW |first=Transport for |date=2026-05-13 |title=Two engineering solutions shortlisted to restore Great Western Highway at Victoria Pass {{!}} NSW Government |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/ministerial-releases/victoria-pass-engineering-solutions-shortlisted |language=en-AU}}</ref>. |- | '''Those who carried the cost: communities, businesses, councils and freight''' | Experienced the practical impacts of the closure on daily travel, local trade and freight movement. | The closure landed unevenly. Local councils had to manage congestion and road wear even though the highway was a state responsibility<ref>{{Cite journal |last=NSW |first=Transport for |date=2026-03-25 |title=Minns Government commits $50 million to strengthen detour routes during Great Western Highway closure {{!}} NSW Government |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/ministerial-releases/minns-government-commits-50-million-to-strengthen-detour-routes-during-great-western-highway-closure |language=en-AU}}</ref>. Families faced longer school and work trips. Businesses lost customers who used to arrive because the highway brought them past the front door. Freight users were pushed onto less suitable routes through Lithgow, Chifley Road, Darling Causeway and Bells Line of Road<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-05 |title=Great Western Highway fix in sight almost 60 days after road shut |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-05-05/great-western-highway-solution/106641888 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref>. |- | '''NSW Reconstruction Authority and the Community Coordination Taskforce''' | Coordinated communication between government, councils, industry and affected communities. | The taskforce gave councils, industry and community groups a clearer contact point during the disruption. Its role was narrower than Transport for NSW’s technical role, but it showed how unusual the closure was: the event did not fit neatly into normal disaster arrangements, while affected towns experienced it as a major regional disruption<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Authority |first=NSW Reconstruction |date=2026-03-19 |title=New Taskforce to coordinate support for Great Western Highway communities {{!}} NSW Government |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/ministerial-releases/new-taskforce-to-coordinate-support-for-great-western-highway-communities-0 |language=en-AU}}</ref>. |} == Timeline of events == {| class="wikitable" |+ Timeline of Victoria Pass (Convict Bridge) and 2026 Great Western Highway Events ! Period / Date !! Event !! Description |- | 1829–1833 || Planning, construction and early completion of Victoria Pass (Convict Bridge) || Surveyor-General Thomas Mitchell planned the western route over the Blue Mountains (1829–1830). Construction of Victoria Pass and associated sandstone structures, including the Convict Bridge, began in 1830 using convict labour. The route opened in 1832, providing a key connection between Sydney and the Central West. Final completion works and early repairs continued through 1832–1833 due to steep terrain, engineering constraints, and early structural challenges (NSW Government, n.d.)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria Pass {{!}} Heritage NSW |url=https://apps.environment.nsw.gov.au/dpcheritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?id=4301023 |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=apps.environment.nsw.gov.au}}</ref>. |- | 2007 || Heritage listing || The Victoria Pass precinct, including the Convict Bridge area, was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register (NSW Government, n.d.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria Pass {{!}} Heritage NSW |url=https://apps.environment.nsw.gov.au/dpcheritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=4301023 |access-date=2026-05-23 |website=apps.environment.nsw.gov.au}}</ref>). |- | Early March 2026 || Structural concerns identified || Cracking and instability were identified at the Victoria Pass section of the Great Western Highway (ABC, 2026)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-19 |title=Highway closure not a 'natural' disaster, NSW government says |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-03-19/great-western-highway-taskforce/106471918 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref>. |- | 19 March 2026 || Taskforce established || NSW Government established a multi-agency taskforce to manage response and disruption impacts (ABC, 2026)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-19 |title=Highway closure not a 'natural' disaster, NSW government says |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-03-19/great-western-highway-taskforce/106471918 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref>. |- | 25 March 2026 || Detour funding announced || A $50 million package was announced to upgrade key detour routes including Bells Line of Road, Chifley Road, and Darling Causeway (ABC, 2026<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-25 |title=$50m for Great Western Highway detour routes, as road remains 'unstable' |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-03-25/funding-to-maintain-detour-roads-in-great-western-highway/106495330 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref>). |- | Late March 2026 || Highway closure || The affected section of the highway was closed due to escalating safety risks from structural instability. |- | 10 April 2026 || Geotechnical investigations || Investigations confirmed subsurface voids and significant ground instability beneath the roadway (ABC, 2026)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-10 |title=Minister says there is no 'proper timetable' for reopening NSW highway |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-04-10/great-western-highway-geotechnical-study-shows-gaps-under-road/106549768 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref>. |- | April 2026 || Monitoring phase || Ongoing monitoring and assessment of structural conditions continued while long-term solutions were evaluated. |- | 5 May 2026 || Engineering solutions shortlisted || Engineering options were shortlisted for detailed evaluation, progressing toward the design phase (ABC, 2026<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-05 |title=Great Western Highway fix in sight almost 60 days after road shut |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-05-05/great-western-highway-solution/106641888 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref>). |} <s>text</s>== Maps of locations == The Great Western Highway is a major transport corridor connecting Sydney to western New South Wales through the Blue Mountains. The failure occurred at Victoria Pass, a steep and historically significant section of the route. Key locations include Victoria Pass (failure point), Mitchell’s Causeway / Convict Bridge area (structural weakness zone), Bells Line of Road (northern detour), Chifley Road (southern detour), and Lithgow approaches (traffic redistribution routes) (ABC, 2026).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-25 |title=$50m for Great Western Highway detour routes, as road remains 'unstable' |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-03-25/funding-to-maintain-detour-roads-in-great-western-highway/106495330 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Traffic has been diverted across these alternative routes, increasing congestion and travel times across the Blue Mountains corridor due to closure of the primary highway link. [[File:Convict Bridge Location -2026-05-23 at 6.12.22 PM.jpg|thumb|This map shows the location of the Convict Bridge and the associated impacted traffic.]] == Identification of policy issues == === Heritage Listing as Structural Lock-In === The NSW Heritage Act 1977 establishes the State Heritage Register and defines conditions under which listed assets may be altered. The heritage listing for Victoria Pass and Berghofers Pass includes exemptions only for specific works, including emergency stabilisation activities where a structure has been damaged and poses a safety risk. Everything below that threshold falls outside permissible intervention under normal conditions, including the urgently required structural reinforcement of a masonry retained embankment that has been overly exposed to loads beyond its structural capacity. The fundamental incompatibility between a rubble-filled sandstone embankment and 12,000 vehicles per day (including semi-trailer trucks) could not be easily addressed by Transport for NSW without interventions the listing prohibited. Heritage listing without a parallel structural compatibility assessment has converted the bridge from a living piece of infrastructure into a frozen liability. The asset must be preserved as-is while continuing to carry loads it cannot tolerate, with intervention only permitted after the point of failure. The NSW Government’s own geotechnical investigations confirmed that the 200-year-old fill had deteriorated significantly, creating voids and gaps throughout the substructure. It was even acknowledged that without enhanced monitoring installed in late 2025, the structure could have collapsed before defects were detected (NSW Government, 2026)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=NSW |first=Transport for |date=2026-04-10 |title=Geotechnical data to inform long-term solution for Great Western Highway {{!}} NSW Government |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/ministerial-releases/geotechnical-data-to-inform-long-term-solution-for-great-western-highway |language=en-AU}}</ref>. That monitoring was installed three months before failure on a structure that had been carrying highway-grade traffic for over a century. It indicates that the asset management program was operating reactively rather than condition-based mode at this site. === The Substructure Monitoring Deficit === The deterioration of the site was not being tracked through substructure inspection. Enhanced monitoring was installed in December 2025, presenting as proactive stewardship in TfNSW’s public communications, but the fact that real-time structural monitoring was not in place on a known-risk heritage asset carrying primary freight traffic until three months before catastrophic failure indicates an inspection and asset management programme that had not matched its cadence to the risk profile of the structure. === The Announcement-Commitment Gap === The bypass tunnel cancellation is the most politically visible element of the state-level failure, but it sits within a longer pattern of interrupted commitment on the Great Western Highway that substantially predates the Minns government. A prime example of “strategic misrepresentation” in megaproject approval, where proponents deliberately underestimate costs and overestimate benefits to secure political commitment, knowing the commitment will not survive contact with delivery (Flyvberj, 2013)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Flyvbjerg |first=Bent |date=2013-03-20 |title=Survival of the Unfittest: Why the Worst Infrastructure Gets Built, And What We Can Do about It |url=https://arxiv.org/abs/1303.6571v1 |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=arXiv.org |language=en |doi=10.48550/arXiv.1303.6571}}</ref>. Australian governments are prone to announcing projects they have no realistic intention of building within their term, generating regional goodwill at low political cost, while deferring the fiscal and delivery burden to successors who then cancel and repeat the cycle. Flyvbjerg identifies systematic problems in the development process, whereby proponents intentionally misrepresent information and deliberately disregard risks, instigating projects that result in fewer benefits and higher costs than promised (Flyvberj, 2013) <ref name=":0" />. The inverse also applies: announced projects that were always underfunded relative to delivery requirements. This is evident in the proposed twin-tunnel upgrade for the Great Western Highway. In the September 2023 state budget, the Minns government reallocated state funding commitments for the upgrade. In November 2023, the federal government confirmed it would also reallocate its funding commitment, redirecting it to other priorities (TfNSW, 2024) <ref>{{Cite web |last=NSW |first=Transport for |date=2023-01-30 |title=Blackheath to Little Hartley Upgrade |url=https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/node/19457 |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=www.transport.nsw.gov.au |language=en-AU}}</ref>. The tunnels were formally cancelled in favour of softer commitments. The causeway failed six weeks later. The planning investment was sunk, but the corridor problem it was designed to solve remained. Transport for NSW ultimately paused all work on upgrades to the Great Western Highway between Katoomba and Lithgow, apart from the Medlow Bath and Coxs River Road upgrades, with state and federal funding commitments redirected to other projects (TfNSW, 2026) <ref>{{Cite web |last=NSW |first=Transport for |date=2023-01-30 |title=Great Western Highway |url=https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/node/19470 |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=www.transport.nsw.gov.au |language=en-AU}}</ref>. === Metro Spending Bias === Sydney Metro alone comprised over a quarter of NSW’s total four-year infrastructure spend in the 2023–24 budget, at $24.9 billion over four years (Infrastructure Partnerships Australia, 2023) <ref>{{Cite web |last=https://www.tophamguerin.com |date=2023-12-18 |title=Australian Infrastructure Budget Monitor 2023-24 |url=https://infrastructure.org.au/policy-research/major-reports/australian-infrastructure-budget-monitor-2023-24/ |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=Infrastructure Partnerships Australia |language=en-US}}</ref>. The bulk of NSW road funding was directed toward the Western Harbour Tunnel and Princes Highway Corridor. The same organisation went on to note that NSW may experience a deficit in the medium to long-term regional pipeline (Infrastructure Partnerships Australia, 2024) <ref>{{Cite web |last=https://www.tophamguerin.com |date=2024-10-24 |title=Australian Infrastructure Budget Monitor 2024-25 |url=https://infrastructure.org.au/policy-research/major-reports/australian-infrastructure-budget-monitor-2024-25/ |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=Infrastructure Partnerships Australia |language=en-US}}</ref>. The Great Western Highway bypass, at a total project cost estimated at $12 billion over an eight-to-ten year build, was cancelled due to being ‘fiscally unachievable’ in the same budget environment that continued to fund cost overruns in the Greater Sydney metropolitan area. The Sydney Metro City and Southwest line alone exceeded its original budget by approximately $5.1 billion, yet an additional $1 billion in interim funding was allocated to the project. Metropolitan projects concentrate benefits in large, media-visible electorates, while regional corridor projects benefit smaller, dispersed populations. Successive budgets treated the Great Western Highway as a maintenance problem rather than a capital investment priority, while overruns in metro-context projects were absorbed without similar scrutiny. This asymmetry was flagged explicitly before the 2023 election, arguing that Labor’s stated intention to redirect Great Western Highway funding to Western Sydney infrastructure would leave the Central West without a safe and productive link to Sydney (Lachlan Shire Council, 2023) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Regional transport and roads could decide State Election |url=https://www.lachlan.nsw.gov.au/News-articles/Regional-transport-and-roads-could-decide-State-Election |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=www.lachlan.nsw.gov.au |language=en-AU}}</ref>. === Short-Termism and the Electoral Cycle === Major transport infrastructure in Australia runs on a 10–15 year development and delivery horizon. NSW state electoral terms run to four years. No government that announces a major regional infrastructure project opens it. The announcement is the political event; delivery is not. Political short-termism is formally defined in the literature as the systematic prioritisation of short-term net policy benefits over long-term outcomes, hindering policy investments that impose short-term costs on society to address long-term challenges (Ogami, 2024) <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Ogami |first=Masakazu |date=2024-05-02 |title=The Conditionality of Political Short‐Termism: A Review of Empirical and Experimental Studies |url=https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/7764 |journal=Politics and Governance |language=en |volume=12 |issue=0 |doi=10.17645/pag.7764 |issn=2183-2463}}</ref>. Infrastructure costs are immediate, visible, and attributable; benefits are diffuse, delayed, and frequently credited to successors. The short-term actor announces rather than builds, the incoming government cancels an adversary’s political monument. Contributing traits such as short electoral cycles, voters’ discounting of future policy benefits, and partisanship are particularly acute in the Australian context of short electoral terms and adversarial two-party politics (Ogami, 2024) <ref name=":1" />. There is no institutional obligation on a NSW government to honour prior infrastructure commitments not yet under contract. Independent authorities have no more than advisory power over infrastructure pipelines. Infrastructure NSW and Infrastructure Australia can recommend and prioritise, but not prevent the government from redirecting committed funding upon taking office. === Heritage-Infrastructure Compatibility Framework === The heritage listing at Victoria Pass was the correct cultural heritage decision. However, the systematic framework for assessing and managing compatibility and longevity of heritage-listed infrastructures continues to be absent. The NSW Heritage Act 1977 and its associated guidelines do not require ongoing assessment of whether a listed asset’s structural characteristics remain compatible with the loads placed upon it, or mandate intervention thresholds short of emergency conditions. The NSW State Infrastructure Strategy 2018–2038 recommended introducing an asset management policy with a new assurance model, but its focus was on capital growth and network efficiency, with no meaningful attention on infrastructure compatibility (Affan, 2019) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Affan |first=Rami |date=10 June, 2019 |title=Getting asset management right: a new framework |url=https://127.0.0.1/getting-asset-management-right-a-new-framework/ |journal=Infrastructure Journal}}</ref>. The gap is not owned by a single agency: Heritage NSW administers the listing conditions; Transport for NSW manages the asset; Treasury funds maintenance allocations. All of which are not required to jointly assess whether a heritage listing, a loading profile, and a maintenance budget are mutually compatible over time. === The Procurement Model and Policy Continuity === Love et. al. argue that the traditional procurement model used by Australian state governments fails to deliver expected benefits for large-scale transport projects, and that a focused policy-making pathway is largely absent. Especially in future-proofing complex infrastructure assets against unanticipated changes in load, use, or structural condition (Love et. al., 2021) <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2021-12-01 |title=A procurement policy-making pathway to future-proof large-scale transport infrastructure assets |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S073988592100041X |journal=Research in Transportation Economics |language=en-US |volume=90 |pages=101069 |doi=10.1016/j.retrec.2021.101069 |issn=0739-8859}}</ref>. The structural consequence is that major transport assets are managed transactionally, without a long-horizon framework for assessing when a structure has moved beyond the envelope of maintainability and requires replacement or bypass. Mitchell’s Causeway is the reductio ad absurdum of this model: a structure well past its design life, carrying loads it was never intended for, preserved by heritage listing from the interventions that would have resolved the incompatibility, and sustained by a maintenance programme that could not address what the listing prevented. Politicisation, inconsistent engagement, and short-termism undermine public trust, and erode reform capability in Australian infrastructure governance. These barriers are embedded in the institutional design of the system, not attributable to the decisions of particular governments (ANU, 2025) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Strengthening Australia's capacity for policy reform {{!}} ANU Institute for Infrastructure in Society |url=https://infrastructure.anu.edu.au/strengthening-australias-capacity-policy-reform |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=infrastructure.anu.edu.au}}</ref>. == Narrative of the case == The Convict Bridge, also known as Mitchell’s Causeway, highlights a classic infrastructure paradox: a historically significant asset continues to perform a modern, high-demand transport function long after its design life has expired. Built in 1832 under the supervision of Major Thomas Mitchell<ref>{{Citation |title=Mitchell's Causeway |date=2026-05-20 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitchell%27s_Causeway&oldid=1355157766 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-23 |language=en}}</ref>, during the colonial era using convict labor, the bridge is one of Australia’s earliest and most significant transport assets. For almost two centuries, it has played a vital role in connecting communities across the Blue Mountains and supporting movement between Sydney and inland New South Wales. The structure itself was an engineering achievement for its time. Rather than a conventional bridge, Mitchell’s Causeway was designed as a massive sandstone retaining embankment built across a natural depression between escarpment outcrops. Convict laborers manually quarried sandstone, constructed retaining walls, and filled the interior with rubble and earth to create a level transport platform. Some of the original convict engravings remain visible on the sandstone blocks today, reinforcing the site’s cultural and historical significance. At the time of its heritage listing, the structure was recognized as one of the few substantial surviving stone causeways from the early colonial era in New South Wales<ref>{{Citation |title=Mitchell's Causeway |date=2026-05-20 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitchell%27s_Causeway&oldid=1355157766 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-23 |language=en}}</ref> . Over time, the bridge became an essential transport link within the regional road network. However, its original design was never intended to accommodate the heavy traffic volumes and vehicle loads associated with contemporary transport systems. The bridge later became integrated into the Great Western Highway network as motor vehicle ownership increased during the twentieth century. As decades passed, increasing pressure placed stress on the sandstone retaining walls and the underlying structure. Although engineers had identified signs of deterioration in earlier years, intervention was limited due to heritage restrictions and funding priorities. As a result, most works focused on surface-level upgrades rather than major structural improvements. Eventually, geotechnical instability emerged, with reports identifying movement in retaining walls and buttresses<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.au/conservation-landscape-mitchells-causeway/? |access-date= |website=}}</ref> . Concerns intensified in late 2025 when local stakeholders warned that the bridge could potentially fail under modern loading conditions. Despite these warnings, immediate policy action was limited. Instead, authorities relied primarily on monitoring technologies, reflecting a reactive rather than preventative approach to infrastructure management<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |date= |title=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-03-10/great-western-highway-convict-bridge-closed/106432242 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-03-10/great-western-highway-convict-bridge-closed/106432242 |journal= |language=en-AU}}</ref> . The situation escalated on 5 March 2026 when Transport for NSW identified defects in the road surface of Mitchell’s Causeway. Initial investigations revealed movement within the structure, leading authorities to close the eastbound lane while geotechnical monitoring commenced. However, within days, additional stress fractures and visible cracking appeared across the roadway surface, indicating that the problem extended beyond superficial pavement damage. On 8 March 2026, the bridge was fully closed to all traffic, including emergency services, due to fears of major structural instability. The closure immediately disrupted a major transport corridor used by approximately 12,000 people daily and forced motorists and freight operators to take lengthy detours<ref>{{Cite journal |last=NSW |first=Transport for |date=2026-03-13 |title=“We will not risk lives”: Extra rail and transport services to be rolled out as Great Western Highway closure to remain in place for at least three months {{!}} NSW Government |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/ministerial-releases/great-western-highway-closure |language=en-AU}}</ref>. The closure immediately exposed the vulnerability of regional transport connectivity in New South Wales. With Victoria Pass shut, traffic was diverted through alternative routes such as Darling Causeway and Bells Line of Road. These detour routes were not designed to accommodate the redirected freight volumes and experienced substantial congestion, safety risks, and increased travel times.. Communities across Lithgow, Mount Victoria, and the Central West experienced longer travel times, economic impacts, and reduced accessibility, while freight transport became less efficient and more expensive<ref>{{Cite news |last=Buckley |first=Penry |last2=Larkin |first2=Jack |date=2026-03-13 |title=A key Blue Mountains road closure is blowing out travel times – and causing ‘red hot anger’ among locals |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2026/mar/14/blue-mountains-road-convict-bridge-closure-nsw-travel |access-date=2026-05-22 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> . Importantly, the incident demonstrated how vulnerable regional transport systems in New South Wales can become when they depend heavily on a single piece of infrastructure. Alternative routes, including the Bells Line of Road, were not designed to accommodate the sudden increase in redirected freight and traffic volumes, creating additional congestion and safety concerns<ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria Pass Closure Sends Shockwaves along BLOR to Richmond and beyond |url=https://www.hawkesburygazette.com/victoria-pass-closure-sends-shockwaves-along-blor-to-richmond-and-beyond/ |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=www.hawkesburygazette.com}}</ref>. The closure also generated broader public debate about infrastructure resilience and government planning. Critics argued that authorities had relied too heavily on reactive management approaches rather than proactive infrastructure renewal. While Transport for NSW rapidly deployed monitoring systems, commissioned geotechnical investigations, and introduced additional public transport services, these responses primarily addressed the immediate operational consequences rather than the underlying structural problems. From a governance perspective, the response further underscores systemic weaknesses. While the NSW Government implemented short-term mitigation measures for example increased public transport services—these actions addressed symptoms rather than underlying causes. Following the closure, the NSW Government initiated an accelerated engineering procurement process to identify possible repair or replacement solutions. Engineering firms from Australia and overseas were invited to submit proposals aimed at restoring the corridor while preserving heritage considerations. Government agencies acknowledged that any future solution would likely involve substantial reconstruction and modern reinforcement to meet current transport demands and resilience standards <ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-05 |title=Great Western Highway fix in sight almost 60 days after road shut |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-05-05/great-western-highway-solution/106641888 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref>. The urgency of post-failure engineering procurement highlights how crisis conditions often accelerate decision-making that had been deferred under normal circumstances<ref>{{Cite journal |last=NSW |first=Transport for |date=2026-03-13 |title=“We will not risk lives”: Extra rail and transport services to be rolled out as Great Western Highway closure to remain in place for at least three months {{!}} NSW Government |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/ministerial-releases/great-western-highway-closure |language=en-AU}}</ref>. Ultimately, the Convict Bridge case reflects a wider issue in infrastructure planning and asset management: the disconnect between long-term infrastructure needs and short-term political, financial, and policy constraints. Rather than being an unexpected failure, closure can be understood as the result of years of deferred intervention, competing priorities between heritage preservation and operational performance, and limited proactive investment in resilient transport infrastructure. ==Discussion Questions== 1: Is the announcement-commitment gap a failure of political will, or an inevitable product of democratic institutional design? 2: Did the heritage listing of Victoria Pass serve the public interest, or did it subordinate infrastructure safety to cultural preservation in a way that was never transparently debated? 3: Existing Cost-Benefit Analysis process justifies projects based on actual usage and density, which is naturally unfavorable for infrastructure funding in regional and remote areas, how can we close this gap? 4: The causeway’s failure was physically gradual but politically sudden, and it can be traced back to the absence of political accountability. What measures can be put in place in the existing decision making framework that will meaningfully mitigate this? ==Further reading== '''1. Transport for NSW. (2023). ''Crossing the Blue Mountains: The Great Western Road'''''<ref>{{Cite web |last=NSW |first=Transport |title=Crossing the Blue Mountains |url=https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/system/files/media/documents/2023/crossing_the_blue_mountains_the_great_western_road.pdf}}</ref> '''.''' Official NSW Government historical report on the development of transport infrastructure across the Blue Mountains. '''2. Project Gutenberg Australia. ''Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia – Thomas Mitchell''''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Three Expeditions into the Interior V2 |url=https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks/e00036.html |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=gutenberg.net.au}}</ref>'''.''' Historical primary source documenting early colonial exploration and road development. 3. '''Sydney to Central West Corridors White Paper (Transport for NSW)'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=NSW |first=Transport for |date=2025-12-03 |title=Sydney to Central West Corridors White Paper |url=https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/node/31741 |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=www.transport.nsw.gov.au |language=en-AU}}</ref> A strategic planning document assessing capacity, safety, and resilience challenges along the Great Western Highway and alternative routes. 4. '''Australia’s Longest Road Tunnel Proposal – Blue Mountains'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Nicole |date=2022-05-23 |title=Australia's longest road tunnel through Blue Mountains |url=https://concreteinstitute.com.au/australias-longest-road-tunnel-through-blue-mountains/ |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=Concrete Institute of Australia |language=en-AU}}</ref> Discusses proposed large-scale infrastructure solutions to improve safety, reduce travel times, and increase resilience. 5. '''Salah, R.; Szép, J.; Ajtayné Károlyfi, K.; Géczy, N. An Investigation of Historic Transportation Infrastructure Preservation and Improvement through Historic Building Information Modeling. ''Infrastructures'' 2024, ''9'', 114'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rnin |first=Salah, |last2=János |first2=Szép, |last3=Kitti |first3=Ajtayné Károlyfi, |last4=Nóra |first4=Géczy, |date=2024-07 |title=An Investigation of Historic Transportation Infrastructure Preservation and Improvement through Historic Building Information Modeling |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/9/7/114 |journal=Infrastructures |language=en |volume=9 |issue=7 |doi=10.3390/infra |issn=2412-3811}}</ref> . ==References== n0d6vilk1pog5pho8h9dqbiyx2zm6zo 0 484104 4680847 4676682 2026-11-08T05:03:27Z Ltypestar2 3524220 While the copyright permission is being requested (see the talk page), I made a copyright compliant edit that addresses UOI-8 without violating any copyrights. 4680847 wikitext text/x-wiki == 4...Nxe4?! · Mirrored Halloween (informal) == {{Chess Opening Theory/Position|name=Mirrored Halloween (informal)|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C47]]|parent=[[../|Halloween Gambit]]}} Black unusually declines the gambit and tries to mirror the [[Chess/Halloween Attack|'''Halloween Attack''']]'s sacrifice ('''4. Nxe5''') to counter the Halloween Attack. Although this recovers the pawn, it ignores the hanging knight and gives White back a drawish position, with higher winning chances for White. Worse, it unnecessarily keeps the position symmetrical, which means White still has a first move advantage. This line has no established name, but it is informally called "'''Mirrored Halloween'''" here, because this is Black's mirroring response to the Halloween Attack's main move ('''4. Nxe5'''). There are usually 2 main moves White will most commonly try: '''5. Nxc6''', taking the black c6 knight and ignoring the hanging black e4 knight, and '''5. Nxe4''', taking the hanging black e4 knight, ignoring the hanging white knight on e5. === 5. Nxc6 === White takes the knight on c6, attacking the queen. Because Black has a hanging knight on e4, his only move is to counterattack by playing '''5...Nxc3!''' (Because if he takes the white knight with '''5...bxc6??''' or '''5...dxc6??''', White can simply win a knight after '''6. Nxe4!.''' If Black plays '''5...Qe7??''', White can take the black queen, every other queen move loses a knight (The white knight on c6 can retreat back, making Black lose a knight). Every other move loses a queen due to ignoring the hanging queen. For example, '''5...Nxf2??''' is refuted by '''6. Qe2+!''', a check that sidesteps the attack entirely, and Black cannot stop '''7. Nxd8''', or '''7. Nxe7'''.), counterattacking the white queen. If White wishes to deal with this, either '''6. dxc3''', removing Black’s attacking knight on c3, after which Black removes White’s attacking knight on c6 by playing either '''6...dxc6''', or '''6...bxc6'''; or '''6. Nxd8,''' trading queens; will be good options according to Stockfish. If White plays '''6. Nxd8''', Black will respond with '''6...Nxd1''', recovering material. {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. Nxd8 Nxd1 | caption = Position after Black's move of '''6...Nxd1'''. }} === 5. Nxe4 === White takes the knight on e4. Black will likely follow up with '''5...Nxe5''', recovering material. '''6. d4''' is a good centre attacking move for White that also gains tempo by kicking the black knight. The position is very drawish, with White being slightly better by having a better centre. {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Nxe4 Nxe5 6. d4 | caption = Position after White's move of '''6. d4'''. }} === 5. Qh5 === This is an uncommon move and also White's most aggressive option, directly threatening '''6. Qxf7#''', forcing Black into defence of their f7-square. Black can make a lot of mistakes from here. ==== 5...Nxe5?? ==== Black plays the common blunder '''5...Nxe5??''', hoping to remove an attacker of the f7-square and trade pieces, White can take the knight with check ('''6. Qxe5+!'''), forcing the black king to cover, and now there is no way to save the e4 knight, there are simply too many attackers. If Black plays '''6...Qe7''' (Black's best try, since the queen x-ray defends the knight and counterattacks the queen), then White can play '''7. Qxe7+!''', then take the black knight on e4. ==== 5...g6? ==== If Black instead plays the also common mistake '''5...g6?''', mimicking the [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Qh5/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...g6|'''Wayward Queen Attack'''<nowiki/>'s most common defence]], Black loses a pawn after this sequence: '''6. Nxc6!''' (counterattacking the black queen) '''gxh5 7. Nxd8 Nxc3 8. Nxf7''' (White desperado sacrifices the white knight for a pawn, knowing the knight is doomed anyway, and Black cannot sacrifice his knight for any compensation, and if Black retreats, White can just escape with the free pawn.) '''Kxf7 9. dxc3'''. ==== 5...Nd6 ==== This is Black's fairly rare but best try, retreating the black knight to defend f7. But White can lunge forward with '''6. Nd5''', playing aggressively. White has very good winning chances here in this position. Black has to play precisely to survive in this position. {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Qh5 Nd6 6. Nd5 | caption = Position after White's move of '''6. Nd5'''. }} ==== 5...Qf6?! ==== This is a better move than the blunders described on this page, but it is a small inaccuracy, since it allows White to win a pawn, make Black lose castling rights, and gain development. The best move for White is '''6. Qxf7+''', starting the trade that will win them a pawn and make Black lose castling rights. Then Black will regain material with '''6...Qxf7''', then White will regain material with '''7. Nxf7'''. The black king will then take on f7 with '''7...Kxf7''', losing castling rights. Now it seems like Black is ahead on material here, but the e4 knight is hanging, so White can win back the material and, in the end, they will have won a pawn. The best move for White now is not to take the black knight on e4 immediately but play an intermediate move (zwischenzug) by playing '''8. Bc4+''', forcing the king to move or block with the only legal block '''8...d5??'''. There is no legal move that defends the knight and deals with the check at the same time except '''8...d5??''' which seems like it defends the black knight and blocks the check, but this blunders a pawn via '''9. Bxd5+''' and fails to defend the knight anyway since the pawn is the only defender of the knight. Black now must move the king, two good moves are the natural '''8...Ke8''', or the unnatural but best move by the engine (Stockfish 19 NNUE) '''8...Ke7'''. Then, White takes the knight with '''9. Nxe4,''' ending this tactical sequence with a bishop developed, a knight centralised, a black king that lost castling rights, and a pawn gained. {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Qh5 Qf6 6. Qxf7+ Qxf7 7. Nxf7 Kxf7 8. Bc4+ Ke7 9. Nxe4 | caption = Position after White's move of '''9. Nxe4''' if Black played '''8...Ke7'''. }} == History == This line is very rare; however, it is documented. In issue 8 of the Unorthodox Openings Newsletter (February 2003), Paul Keiser lists '''4...Nxe4''' under "The gambit declined" and marks it !?. He observes that Black does not have to accept the piece but seldom declines it, and he assesses only one continuation, that being '''5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. dxc3 bxc6 7. Bd3 Be7''', as equal. The one game he cites for the line was played online in 1997, when the chess engine Brause beat a 2410-rated opponent in 29 moves. The article gives the line no name and covers no other White fifth move.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keiser |first=Paul |date=February 2003 |title=Critical lines in the Halloween gambit |url=https://unorthodoxchessopenings.com/UON/UON-08.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613224427/https://www.unorthodoxchessopenings.com/UON/UON-08.pdf |archive-date=2024-06-13 |access-date=2026-11-08 |website=Unorthodox Openings Newsletter}}</ref> {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. dxc3 bxc6 7. Bd3 Be7 | caption = Position after Black's move of '''7...Be7'''. }} Also, Lichess database statistics show that its popularity has increased over time. Between January 2017 and April 2026, the share of Lichess games reaching this position rose from roughly 0.0002% to about 0.0005-0.0007%, peaking at around 0.0007%, though with considerable fluctuation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Four Knights Game: Halloween Gambit |url=https://lichess.org/opening/Four_Knights_Game_Halloween_Gambit/e4_e5_Nf3_Nc6_Nc3_Nf6_Nxe5_Nxe4 |access-date=2026-10-17 |website=lichess.org |language=en-US}}</ref> For the history of the gambit itself, see the [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. Nxe5|Halloween Gambit]] page. == Theory table == {{ChessTable}} {{Chess/theory table |preceding=1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 |line1=5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. dxc3 dxc6 |eval1= = |line2=5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. Nxd8 Nxd1 |eval2= = |line3=5. Nxe4 Nxe5 6. d4 |eval3= +/= |line4=5. Qh5 Nxe5?? 6. Qxe5+ Qe7 7. Qxe7+ |eval4= +- |line5=5. Qh5 g6? 6. Nxc6! gxh5 7. Nxd8 Nxc3 8. Nxf7 Kxf7 9. dxc3 |eval5= +/- |line6=5. Qh5 Nd6 6. Nd5 |eval6= +/- |line7=5. Qh5 Qf6?! 6. Qxf7+ Qxf7 7. Nxf7 Kxf7 8. Bc4+ Ke7 9. Nxe4 |eval7= +/= |line8=5. Qh5 Qf6?! 6. Qxf7+ Qxf7 7. Nxf7 Kxf7 8. Bc4+ d5?? 9. Bxd5+ |eval8= +- }} {{ChessMid}} == References == {{reflist}} == See also == {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} tgqr8gfe0xg8stovc6gsg7ggxfclym0 4680897 4680847 2026-11-08T07:34:17Z Ltypestar2 3524220 Null edit so i can clarify my last summary. It is UON-8 not UOI-8. 4680897 wikitext text/x-wiki == 4...Nxe4?! · Mirrored Halloween (informal) == {{Chess Opening Theory/Position|name=Mirrored Halloween (informal)|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C47]]|parent=[[../|Halloween Gambit]]}} Black unusually declines the gambit and tries to mirror the [[Chess/Halloween Attack|'''Halloween Attack''']]'s sacrifice ('''4. Nxe5''') to counter the Halloween Attack. Although this recovers the pawn, it ignores the hanging knight and gives White back a drawish position, with higher winning chances for White. Worse, it unnecessarily keeps the position symmetrical, which means White still has a first move advantage. This line has no established name, but it is informally called "'''Mirrored Halloween'''" here, because this is Black's mirroring response to the Halloween Attack's main move ('''4. Nxe5'''). There are usually 2 main moves White will most commonly try: '''5. Nxc6''', taking the black c6 knight and ignoring the hanging black e4 knight, and '''5. Nxe4''', taking the hanging black e4 knight, ignoring the hanging white knight on e5. === 5. Nxc6 === White takes the knight on c6, attacking the queen. Because Black has a hanging knight on e4, his only move is to counterattack by playing '''5...Nxc3!''' (Because if he takes the white knight with '''5...bxc6??''' or '''5...dxc6??''', White can simply win a knight after '''6. Nxe4!.''' If Black plays '''5...Qe7??''', White can take the black queen, every other queen move loses a knight (The white knight on c6 can retreat back, making Black lose a knight). Every other move loses a queen due to ignoring the hanging queen. For example, '''5...Nxf2??''' is refuted by '''6. Qe2+!''', a check that sidesteps the attack entirely, and Black cannot stop '''7. Nxd8''', or '''7. Nxe7'''.), counterattacking the white queen. If White wishes to deal with this, either '''6. dxc3''', removing Black’s attacking knight on c3, after which Black removes White’s attacking knight on c6 by playing either '''6...dxc6''', or '''6...bxc6'''; or '''6. Nxd8,''' trading queens; will be good options according to Stockfish. If White plays '''6. Nxd8''', Black will respond with '''6...Nxd1''', recovering material. {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. Nxd8 Nxd1 | caption = Position after Black's move of '''6...Nxd1'''. }} === 5. Nxe4 === White takes the knight on e4. Black will likely follow up with '''5...Nxe5''', recovering material. '''6. d4''' is a good centre attacking move for White that also gains tempo by kicking the black knight. The position is very drawish, with White being slightly better by having a better centre. {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Nxe4 Nxe5 6. d4 | caption = Position after White's move of '''6. d4'''. }} === 5. Qh5 === This is an uncommon move and also White's most aggressive option, directly threatening '''6. Qxf7#''', forcing Black into defence of their f7-square. Black can make a lot of mistakes from here. ==== 5...Nxe5?? ==== Black plays the common blunder '''5...Nxe5??''', hoping to remove an attacker of the f7-square and trade pieces, White can take the knight with check ('''6. Qxe5+!'''), forcing the black king to cover, and now there is no way to save the e4 knight, there are simply too many attackers. If Black plays '''6...Qe7''' (Black's best try, since the queen x-ray defends the knight and counterattacks the queen), then White can play '''7. Qxe7+!''', then take the black knight on e4. ==== 5...g6? ==== If Black instead plays the also common mistake '''5...g6?''', mimicking the [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Qh5/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...g6|'''Wayward Queen Attack'''<nowiki/>'s most common defence]], Black loses a pawn after this sequence: '''6. Nxc6!''' (counterattacking the black queen) '''gxh5 7. Nxd8 Nxc3 8. Nxf7''' (White desperado sacrifices the white knight for a pawn, knowing the knight is doomed anyway, and Black cannot sacrifice his knight for any compensation, and if Black retreats, White can just escape with the free pawn.) '''Kxf7 9. dxc3'''. ==== 5...Nd6 ==== This is Black's fairly rare but best try, retreating the black knight to defend f7. But White can lunge forward with '''6. Nd5''', playing aggressively. White has very good winning chances here in this position. Black has to play precisely to survive in this position. {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Qh5 Nd6 6. Nd5 | caption = Position after White's move of '''6. Nd5'''. }} ==== 5...Qf6?! ==== This is a better move than the blunders described on this page, but it is a small inaccuracy, since it allows White to win a pawn, make Black lose castling rights, and gain development. The best move for White is '''6. Qxf7+''', starting the trade that will win them a pawn and make Black lose castling rights. Then Black will regain material with '''6...Qxf7''', then White will regain material with '''7. Nxf7'''. The black king will then take on f7 with '''7...Kxf7''', losing castling rights. Now it seems like Black is ahead on material here, but the e4 knight is hanging, so White can win back the material and, in the end, they will have won a pawn. The best move for White now is not to take the black knight on e4 immediately but play an intermediate move (zwischenzug) by playing '''8. Bc4+''', forcing the king to move or block with the only legal block '''8...d5??'''. There is no legal move that defends the knight and deals with the check at the same time except '''8...d5??''' which seems like it defends the black knight and blocks the check, but this blunders a pawn via '''9. Bxd5+''' and fails to defend the knight anyway since the pawn is the only defender of the knight. Black now must move the king, two good moves are the natural '''8...Ke8''', or the unnatural but best move by the engine (Stockfish 19 NNUE) '''8...Ke7'''. Then, White takes the knight with '''9. Nxe4,''' ending this tactical sequence with a bishop developed, a knight centralised, a black king that lost castling rights, and a pawn gained. {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Qh5 Qf6 6. Qxf7+ Qxf7 7. Nxf7 Kxf7 8. Bc4+ Ke7 9. Nxe4 | caption = Position after White's move of '''9. Nxe4''' if Black played '''8...Ke7'''. }} == History == This line is very rare; however, it is documented. In issue 8 of the Unorthodox Openings Newsletter (February 2003), Paul Keiser lists '''4...Nxe4''' under "The gambit declined" and marks it !?. He observes that Black does not have to accept the piece but seldom declines it, and he assesses only one continuation, that being '''5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. dxc3 bxc6 7. Bd3 Be7''', as equal. The one game he cites for the line was played online in 1997, when the chess engine Brause beat a 2410-rated opponent in 29 moves. The article gives the line no name and covers no other White fifth move.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keiser |first=Paul |date=February 2003 |title=Critical lines in the Halloween gambit |url=https://unorthodoxchessopenings.com/UON/UON-08.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613224427/https://www.unorthodoxchessopenings.com/UON/UON-08.pdf |archive-date=2024-06-13 |access-date=2026-11-08 |website=Unorthodox Openings Newsletter}}</ref> {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. dxc3 bxc6 7. Bd3 Be7 | caption = Position after Black's move of '''7...Be7'''. }} Also, Lichess database statistics show that its popularity has increased over time. Between January 2017 and April 2026, the share of Lichess games reaching this position rose from roughly 0.0002% to about 0.0005-0.0007%, peaking at around 0.0007%, though with considerable fluctuation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Four Knights Game: Halloween Gambit |url=https://lichess.org/opening/Four_Knights_Game_Halloween_Gambit/e4_e5_Nf3_Nc6_Nc3_Nf6_Nxe5_Nxe4 |access-date=2026-10-17 |website=lichess.org |language=en-US}}</ref> For the history of the gambit itself, see the [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. Nxe5|Halloween Gambit]] page. == Theory table == {{ChessTable}} {{Chess/theory table |preceding=1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 |line1=5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. dxc3 dxc6 |eval1= = |line2=5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. Nxd8 Nxd1 |eval2= = |line3=5. Nxe4 Nxe5 6. d4 |eval3= +/= |line4=5. Qh5 Nxe5?? 6. Qxe5+ Qe7 7. Qxe7+ |eval4= +- |line5=5. Qh5 g6? 6. Nxc6! gxh5 7. Nxd8 Nxc3 8. Nxf7 Kxf7 9. dxc3 |eval5= +/- |line6=5. Qh5 Nd6 6. Nd5 |eval6= +/- |line7=5. Qh5 Qf6?! 6. Qxf7+ Qxf7 7. Nxf7 Kxf7 8. Bc4+ Ke7 9. Nxe4 |eval7= +/= |line8=5. Qh5 Qf6?! 6. Qxf7+ Qxf7 7. Nxf7 Kxf7 8. Bc4+ d5?? 9. Bxd5+ |eval8= +- }} {{ChessMid}} == References == {{reflist}} == See also == {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} k4rt37mqu1p0cza1ihqr0aooj8shuc2 4680914 4680897 2026-11-08T08:29:57Z Ltypestar2 3524220 I STRUCK GOLD AND FOUND THE FULL GAME 4680914 wikitext text/x-wiki == 4...Nxe4?! · Mirrored Halloween (informal) == {{Chess Opening Theory/Position|name=Mirrored Halloween (informal)|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C47]]|parent=[[../|Halloween Gambit]]}} Black unusually declines the gambit and tries to mirror the [[Chess/Halloween Attack|'''Halloween Attack''']]'s sacrifice ('''4. Nxe5''') to counter the Halloween Attack. Although this recovers the pawn, it ignores the hanging knight and gives White back a drawish position, with higher winning chances for White. Worse, it unnecessarily keeps the position symmetrical, which means White still has a first move advantage. This line has no established name, but it is informally called "'''Mirrored Halloween'''" here, because this is Black's mirroring response to the Halloween Attack's main move ('''4. Nxe5'''). There are usually 2 main moves White will most commonly try: '''5. Nxc6''', taking the black c6 knight and ignoring the hanging black e4 knight, and '''5. Nxe4''', taking the hanging black e4 knight, ignoring the hanging white knight on e5. === 5. Nxc6 === White takes the knight on c6, attacking the queen. Because Black has a hanging knight on e4, his only move is to counterattack by playing '''5...Nxc3!''' (Because if he takes the white knight with '''5...bxc6??''' or '''5...dxc6??''', White can simply win a knight after '''6. Nxe4!.''' If Black plays '''5...Qe7??''', White can take the black queen, every other queen move loses a knight (The white knight on c6 can retreat back, making Black lose a knight). Every other move loses a queen due to ignoring the hanging queen. For example, '''5...Nxf2??''' is refuted by '''6. Qe2+!''', a check that sidesteps the attack entirely, and Black cannot stop '''7. Nxd8''', or '''7. Nxe7'''.), counterattacking the white queen. If White wishes to deal with this, either '''6. dxc3''', removing Black’s attacking knight on c3, after which Black removes White’s attacking knight on c6 by playing either '''6...dxc6''', or '''6...bxc6'''; or '''6. Nxd8,''' trading queens; will be good options according to Stockfish. If White plays '''6. Nxd8''', Black will respond with '''6...Nxd1''', recovering material. {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. Nxd8 Nxd1 | caption = Position after Black's move of '''6...Nxd1'''. }} === 5. Nxe4 === White takes the knight on e4. Black will likely follow up with '''5...Nxe5''', recovering material. '''6. d4''' is a good centre attacking move for White that also gains tempo by kicking the black knight. The position is very drawish, with White being slightly better by having a better centre. {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Nxe4 Nxe5 6. d4 | caption = Position after White's move of '''6. d4'''. }} === 5. Qh5 === This is an uncommon move and also White's most aggressive option, directly threatening '''6. Qxf7#''', forcing Black into defence of their f7-square. Black can make a lot of mistakes from here. ==== 5...Nxe5?? ==== Black plays the common blunder '''5...Nxe5??''', hoping to remove an attacker of the f7-square and trade pieces, White can take the knight with check ('''6. Qxe5+!'''), forcing the black king to cover, and now there is no way to save the e4 knight, there are simply too many attackers. If Black plays '''6...Qe7''' (Black's best try, since the queen x-ray defends the knight and counterattacks the queen), then White can play '''7. Qxe7+!''', then take the black knight on e4. ==== 5...g6? ==== If Black instead plays the also common mistake '''5...g6?''', mimicking the [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Qh5/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...g6|'''Wayward Queen Attack'''<nowiki/>'s most common defence]], Black loses a pawn after this sequence: '''6. Nxc6!''' (counterattacking the black queen) '''gxh5 7. Nxd8 Nxc3 8. Nxf7''' (White desperado sacrifices the white knight for a pawn, knowing the knight is doomed anyway, and Black cannot sacrifice his knight for any compensation, and if Black retreats, White can just escape with the free pawn.) '''Kxf7 9. dxc3'''. ==== 5...Nd6 ==== This is Black's fairly rare but best try, retreating the black knight to defend f7. But White can lunge forward with '''6. Nd5''', playing aggressively. White has very good winning chances here in this position. Black has to play precisely to survive in this position. {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Qh5 Nd6 6. Nd5 | caption = Position after White's move of '''6. Nd5'''. }} ==== 5...Qf6?! ==== This is a better move than the blunders described on this page, but it is a small inaccuracy, since it allows White to win a pawn, make Black lose castling rights, and gain development. The best move for White is '''6. Qxf7+''', starting the trade that will win them a pawn and make Black lose castling rights. Then Black will regain material with '''6...Qxf7''', then White will regain material with '''7. Nxf7'''. The black king will then take on f7 with '''7...Kxf7''', losing castling rights. Now it seems like Black is ahead on material here, but the e4 knight is hanging, so White can win back the material and, in the end, they will have won a pawn. The best move for White now is not to take the black knight on e4 immediately but play an intermediate move (zwischenzug) by playing '''8. Bc4+''', forcing the king to move or block with the only legal block '''8...d5??'''. There is no legal move that defends the knight and deals with the check at the same time except '''8...d5??''' which seems like it defends the black knight and blocks the check, but this blunders a pawn via '''9. Bxd5+''' and fails to defend the knight anyway since the pawn is the only defender of the knight. Black now must move the king, two good moves are the natural '''8...Ke8''', or the unnatural but best move by the engine (Stockfish 19 NNUE) '''8...Ke7'''. Then, White takes the knight with '''9. Nxe4,''' ending this tactical sequence with a bishop developed, a knight centralised, a black king that lost castling rights, and a pawn gained. {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Qh5 Qf6 6. Qxf7+ Qxf7 7. Nxf7 Kxf7 8. Bc4+ Ke7 9. Nxe4 | caption = Position after White's move of '''9. Nxe4''' if Black played '''8...Ke7'''. }} == History == === General === This line is very rare; however, it is documented. In issue 8 of the Unorthodox Openings Newsletter (February 2003), Paul Keiser lists '''4...Nxe4''' under "The gambit declined" and marks it !?. He observes that Black does not have to accept the piece but seldom declines it, and he assesses only one continuation, that being '''5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. dxc3 bxc6 7. Bd3 Be7''', as equal. The one game he cites for the line was played online in 1997, when the chess engine Brause beat a 2410-rated opponent in 29 moves. The article gives the line no name and covers no other White fifth move.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Keiser |first=Paul |date=February 2003 |title=Critical lines in the Halloween gambit |url=https://unorthodoxchessopenings.com/UON/UON-08.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613224427/https://www.unorthodoxchessopenings.com/UON/UON-08.pdf |archive-date=2024-06-13 |access-date=2026-11-08 |website=Unorthodox Openings Newsletter}}</ref> {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. dxc3 bxc6 7. Bd3 Be7 | caption = Position after Black's move of '''7...Be7'''. }}Also, Lichess database statistics show that its popularity has increased over time. Between January 2017 and April 2026, the share of Lichess games reaching this position rose from roughly 0.0002% to about 0.0005-0.0007%, peaking at around 0.0007%, though with considerable fluctuation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Four Knights Game: Halloween Gambit |url=https://lichess.org/opening/Four_Knights_Game_Halloween_Gambit/e4_e5_Nf3_Nc6_Nc3_Nf6_Nxe5_Nxe4 |access-date=2026-10-17 |website=lichess.org |language=en-US}}</ref> For the history of the gambit itself, see the [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. Nxe5|Halloween Gambit]] page. === The chess game === The chess game mentioned above was only cited with the first 7 moves in Keiser's article. ('''1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. dxc3 bxc6 7. Bd3 Be7''')<ref name=":1" /> The full game record, preserved in a PGN file, continues '''8. Qh5 d5 9. Bf4 Bd6 10. Bxd6 Qxd6 11. O-O Be6 12. c4 O-O-O 13. cxd5 cxd5 14. Qg5 f6 15. Qxg7 Rhg8 16. Qh6 Rg5 17. f4 Rg4 18. Rae1 Rdg8 19. g3 Bd7 20. Qxh7 d4 21. Bf5 Bxf5 22. Qxf5+ Kb8 23. Re6 Qb4 24. Rfe1 d3 25. Re8+ Kb7 26. Qc8+ Kb6 27. R1e6+ Qd6 28. Rxd6+ cxd6 29. Rxg8''', ending the game as a win for White.<ref>{{Cite web |title=halloween4.pgn |url=https://www.shakki.net/liitot/skl/peliosasto/projects/halloween4.pgn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241024085455/https://www.shakki.net/liitot/skl/peliosasto/projects/halloween4.pgn |archive-date=2024-10-24 |archive-format=PGN |access-date=2026-11-08 |website=shakki.net |format=PGN}}</ref> Notably, the final position is not checkmate. {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. dxc3 bxc6 7. Bd3 Be7 8. Qh5 d5 9. Bf4 Bd6 10. Bxd6 Qxd6 11. O-O Be6 12. c4 O-O-O 13. cxd5 cxd5 14. Qg5 f6 15. Qxg7 Rhg8 16. Qh6 Rg5 17. f4 Rg4 18. Rae1 Rdg8 19. g3 Bd7 20. Qxh7 d4 21. Bf5 Bxf5 22. Qxf5+ Kb8 23. Re6 Qb4 24. Rfe1 d3 25. Re8+ Kb7 26. Qc8+ Kb6 27. R1e6+ Qd6 28. Rxd6+ cxd6 29. Rxg8 | caption = Position after White's 29th move, '''29. Rxg8''', the last move of the game. }} == Theory table == {{ChessTable}} {{Chess/theory table |preceding=1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Nxe4 |line1=5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. dxc3 dxc6 |eval1= = |line2=5. Nxc6 Nxc3 6. Nxd8 Nxd1 |eval2= = |line3=5. Nxe4 Nxe5 6. d4 |eval3= +/= |line4=5. Qh5 Nxe5?? 6. Qxe5+ Qe7 7. Qxe7+ |eval4= +- |line5=5. Qh5 g6? 6. Nxc6! gxh5 7. Nxd8 Nxc3 8. Nxf7 Kxf7 9. dxc3 |eval5= +/- |line6=5. Qh5 Nd6 6. Nd5 |eval6= +/- |line7=5. Qh5 Qf6?! 6. Qxf7+ Qxf7 7. Nxf7 Kxf7 8. Bc4+ Ke7 9. Nxe4 |eval7= +/= |line8=5. Qh5 Qf6?! 6. Qxf7+ Qxf7 7. Nxf7 Kxf7 8. Bc4+ d5?? 9. Bxd5+ |eval8= +- }} {{ChessMid}} == References == {{reflist}} == See also == {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} 5kb1dztlbmiqe5cq2q6bobbef7v5swv 0 485506 4680685 4680076 2026-11-07T14:44:01Z Idavidmiller 3577687 /* Some Complex Macro Examples */ Work in progress. Saving Changes. 4680685 wikitext text/x-wiki =Maxima Programming= Although Maxima is not a general-purpose programming language, Maxima as a CAS includes among the built-in ingredients a relatively complete set of programming expressions that are useful for the intended context. Many of the code examples of this section are intended to be illustrative of technical details relevant to Maxima programming as their purpose, and consequently are intentionally elementary in character. Learning any sort of programming language, including Maxima programming expressions, is a subjective process. In any case, it is essential to have enough technical know-how specific to the programming language in order to begin the learning process, even in cases where much positive transfer from other programming experience is involved. Much can be accomplished mathematically using Maxima without having to resort to in-depth knowledge and proficiency in the technical details of Maxima programming expressions. However, Maxima programming expressions are frequently essential for the purpose of defining functions, both in the programming sense of the term, but also more relevantly, for the mathematical sense. For that reason alone, familiarity and sufficient proficiency with Maxima programming expressions should be given some attention. One way to begin the learning process is to become familiar with enough of the programming essentials to accomplish independent efforts toward accomplishing some specific programming goal of interest. The other way is to study the many available programming expressions of others. This section is intended to provide the essentials toward learning by whatever means are chosen. The following table shows some built-in ingredients related to Maxima programming expressions: {| class="wikitable" |+Maxima Programming Category |if |unless |errcatch |prederror |- |block |for |error |return |- |catch |from |warning |throw |- |local |thru |errormsg |sstatus |- |garbage_collect |step |errormsg |status |- |do |next |go | |- |while |in | | |} Some of these programming expression ingredients can also be considered as belonging to one or more other categories than the Programming category. === Block Expressions === Arguably, the first expressions to consider in the context of Maxima programming are '''''block''''' expressions. All <code>block</code> expressions as programming ingredients come in two flavors: * <code>( expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n )</code> * <code>block ([v₁,v_2,…,v_m], expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n)</code> The first form of a <code>block</code> expression is equivalent to the second form, but without the first list argument: <code>[v₁,v_2,…,v_m]</code>, as in <code>block (expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code>, unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the block expression. In that, case the form <code>block (expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n)</code> must be used. It should be noted that for Maxima to interpret of the syntax of the first of these forms as a block operator, there must be at least two expressions in the comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. Otherwise, Maxima will interpret the parentheses of this syntax as simply grouping related to the precedence order of operations. The purpose of the list argument, <code>[v₁,v_2,…,v_m]</code> is to declare the values of identifiers of the list to be local to the <code>block</code>. If there is no need for local identifiers, the list argument can be omitted (unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the <code>block</code> expression), and either form is sufficient.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* This block expression */ (%i1) (x : 2, x^2); (%o1) 4 /* Is equivalent to this block expression */ (%i2) block (x : 2, x^2); (%o2) 4</syntaxhighlight>So, in the case where values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> of expressions are not required, then the choice of either form of the <code>block</code> expression is a matter of user preference. In both cases, the values of identifiers referenced in the <code>block</code> are global, and not local to the <code>block</code> expression. However, for the sake of clarity and consistency use of the latter form may be a better choice. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* The value 3 assigned to x is global */ (%i3) x : 3; (x) 3 /* The value 2 assigned to x in the block is global */ (%i4) (x : 2, x^2); (%o4) 4 /* The global value assigned to x in the block is 2 not 3 */ (%i5) x; (%o5) 2 </syntaxhighlight>Values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> may not be global:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* the value of identifier y is local only */ (%i6) block ([y], y : 4, y); (%o6) 4 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i7) y; (%o7) y /* the values of identifiers x and y are both local */ (%i8) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x); (%o8) 3 /* the global value of identifier x is not 3, but is 2 */ (%i9) x; (%o9) 2 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i10) y; (%o10) y</syntaxhighlight> Regardless of the form of the <code>block</code> expressions these have in common the comma-separated expression arguments <code>expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code> which are evaluated each in turn from first to last (unless the evaluation sequence is modified by by the <code>go</code>, <code>throw</code>, or <code>return</code> operators), and the value of the block expression is the value of <code>expr_n</code>. The main purpose of the <code>block</code> expression, regardless of the form, is to group expressions that are related in some manner, and the value of the last expression may be the only value of interest. However, there are very few limitations imposed on the nature of the <code>block</code> expression arguments, so it might be the case that the purpose of evaluating the <code>block</code> expression has been achieved before the last expression argument is evaluated, in which case the value of the <code>block</code> expression may not necessarily be the value of the last argument expression. One way to accomplish that is to use an empty string as the last argument expression with the option flag <code>stringdisp</code> set to <code>false</code> which is the default value.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i11) stringdisp; (%o11) false (%i12) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x, ""); (%o12) (%i13) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x)$ </syntaxhighlight> The display of the value of the <code>block</code> expression may be suppressed using a <code>$</code> to end the input expression instead of a semi-colon. Either technique produces a <code>block</code> expression value, but the value is not displayed. If a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated as a argument expression, this will cause evaluation of expression arguments to end explicitly, and the value of the <code>return</code> operator becomes the value of the <code>block</code> expression.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i14) is (equal (x, 2)); (%o14) true %i15) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), " x not 2"); (%o15) 2 (%i16) x : 3; (x) 3 (%i17) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), "x not 2"); (%o17) x not 2 </syntaxhighlight>When a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated within a <code>block</code> expression the result is to stop evaluation of expressions within the enclosing <code>block</code> expression and to return the value of its argument as the value of the enclosing <code>block</code> expression. It therefore can be compared with the <code>return</code> statement found in other programming languages, but with one difference: In Maxima, the <code>return</code> operator affects only the block expression in which the <code>return</code> operator is an expression, and has no effect otherwise.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i18) test_nested_block (val) := block ( [outer_var : 10], print("Entering outer block expression"), /* inner block expression */ block( [inner_var : 20], print (" Entering inner block expression"), if val > 5 then /* another inner block expression */ block ( print (" val > 5"), print (" Returning only to inner block expression"), return (inner_var + val) /* returns only to the inner block expression */ ), /* end of another inner block expression */ print (" inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val) ), /* end of inner block expression */ print ("Back in outer block expression"), outer_var + val /* end of outer block expression */ )$ (%i19) test_nested_block (1); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression inner_var + val is 21 Back in outer block expression (%o19) 11 (%i20) test_nested_block (6); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression val > 5 Returning only to inner block expression Back in outer block expression (%o20) 16</syntaxhighlight> '''''The <code>block</code> operators''''': Each instance may define local variables and has a comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. '''''Nested blocks''''': There are three <code>block</code> operators used in the right-hand side of the function definition expression named <code>test_nested_block (val</code>. There is an outer <code>block</code> expression that has an inner <code>block</code> expression as an argument,and there is a third <code>block</code> expression that is an argument of the inner <code>block</code> expression. '''''The <code>return</code> operator''''': If <code>val > 5</code> is <code>true</code> then the return operator of the most inner <code>block</code> expression is evaluated and evaluation of remaining expressions of that block expression does not occur. The value of that most inner <code>block</code> expression is the value of the argument of the return operator – <code>inner_var + val</code>. Evaluation of expressions continues with the first expression of the inner <code>block</code> expression after the end of the most inner <code>block</code> expression – which is <code>print ("   inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val)</code>. The value of the <code>print</code> operator is the value of <code>inner_var + val</code>. However, while that value is the value of the inner <code>block</code> expression it is effectively lost, as it is not the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> sequence of expressions. That value is the value of <code>outer_var + val</code>, which, being the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> is always the value of the function. ==== Block Expression Evaluation Sequence Modifications ==== <code>block</code> expression arguments <code>expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code> are generally evaluated each in turn from first to last, and the value of the <code>block</code> expression is the value of <code>expr_n</code> unless this sequence is modified by some means. One way to modify the first-to-last expression evaluation sequence of a <code>block</code> expression is by way of a <code>go</code> operator with a ''label'' (or ''"tag"'') argument ( the ''"go to"'') as the following exemplifies:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i18) sum_to_n (n) := block ( [i : 1, total : 0], loop, total : total + i, i : i + 1, if i <= n then go (loop), total)$ (%i19) sum_to_n(25); (%o19) 325 (%i20) n; (%o20) n (%i21) i; (%o21) i (%i22) total; (%o22) total </syntaxhighlight> Note the following: * <code>'''block ([ i : 1,total : 0], ...)'''</code>: The list argument creates a local environment with local identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code>. The function argument <code>n</code> is also a local identifier. * <code>'''loop'''</code>: This label serves as a target inside the <code>block</code> expression to where <code>go (loop)</code> can jump. * <code>'''if i <= n then go (loop)'''</code>: This conditional expression causes the <code>go (loop)</code> operator to be evaluated if the condition is <code>true</code>. * <code>'''total'''</code>: The value of this local identifier is the returned value of the <code>block</code> expression. It should also be worth noting that the identifiers <code>n</code>, <code>i</code>, and <code>total</code> have local values assigned within the <code>block</code> expression, but their global values are themselves. Also notice that the identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code> were both declared local and assigned initial values within the <code>block</code> list argument. The ''go-to'' label argument of the <code>go</code> operator must be the name of a tag appearing within the same block expression. The <code>go</code> operator cannot be used to go to a tag in a different <code>block</code> expression. There is nothing special about the <code>loop</code> identifier name used for the go-to tag in this example. Other identifiers could be used, but they must be atomic. Another way to modify a <code>block</code> expression evaluation sequence is by way of the <code>throw</code> operator.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i32) /* Define a function using a block expression that searches for a specific condition and a throw value to catch */ find_element (target_list, threshold) := block ( [found_val : false], /* local identifier value */ catch( for x in target_list do ( if x > threshold then ( /* Immediately exit the block and return this value */ throw (x) ) ), /* This string is returned only if the do loop finishes without a throw to catch */ "No element exceeded the threshold" ) )$ (%i31) /* Test the block */ find_element ( [10, 20, 55, 80], 50 ); (%o31) 55</syntaxhighlight>This example unpacks as follows: <code>'''catch (...)'''</code>: This expression creates a target scope that ''"catches"'' the value of any <code>throw</code> expression evaluated within that scope. <code>'''throw (x)'''</code>: When Maxima encounters this operator, it immediately stops evaluation of the <code>do</code> loop expression '''''and the rest of the''''' <code>block</code> '''''expression.''''' It jumps directly out of the scope of the <code>catch</code> expression, returning the value of <code>x</code> as the value of the entire <code>catch</code> expression. ==== Nested Block Expressions ==== <code>block</code> operators may appear within other block expressions as arguments – '''''nested''''' <code>block</code> expressions. A local environment with local identifiers may be created for nested block expressions. Local values for identifiers, if declared by a first <code>block</code> operator list argument, are created each time a nested <code>block</code> is evaluated. However, identifiers with global values that have not been declared as local within any <code>block</code> expressions, are global values for nested <code>block</code> expressions as well as enclosing <code>block</code> expressions. Likewise, local identifiers of any enclosing <code>block</code> expression have values that are global within any enclosed blocks, if not declared as local within the enclosed block. If the value of an identifier is not local in a <code>block</code> expression, its value is the value most recently assigned by an enclosing <code>block</code> expression, if any value has been assigned. Otherwise, it is the value of the identifier in the global environment. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) z : 2^(1/3); (z) 2^(1/3) (%i24) /* Outer block starts */ block ( [x : 10, y : 20], /* values of x and y declared local to outer block */ /* Inner block starts */ block ( [y : 99, z : 100], /* values of y and z declared local to inner block */ print ("Inside inner block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the local value of y of outer block"), print("z =", z, "is the local value of z of inner block") ), /* Inner block ends */ /* Outer block resumes */ print ("Back in outer block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the restored value of y of the outer block"), print ("z =", z, "is the value of z global to both blocks") /* Outer block ends */ )$ Inside inner block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 99 is the local value of y of outer block z = 100 is the local value of z of inner block Back in outer block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 20 is the restored value of y of the outer block z = 2^(1/3) is the value of z global to both blocks </syntaxhighlight> ==== Values, Properties, and the <code>local</code> Operator ==== The expression <code>local (v₁, v₂, ... , v_m)</code> within a <code>block</code> expression saves the '''''properties''''' associated with the symbols <code>v₁, v₂, ... , v_m</code>, removes any properties before evaluating other expressions, and restores any saved properties on exit from the block. Because Maxima is an application based on the Common Lisp programming language, it utilizes Lisp '''''symbol''''' structure. Lisp symbols are objects that carry their own "dictionary" of attributes. A Lisp symbol's internal property list (''plist'') is a built-in data structure attached directly to a symbol. Maxima uses this underlying Lisp symbol structure to associate '''''properties''''' with Maxima identifiers. Properties of identifiers can be ''declared explicitly'' by users. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) declare (x, real); (%o23) done </syntaxhighlight> However, some identifier property declarations are ''implemented implicitly'' as properties of a symbol, including <code>:=</code>, <code>array</code>, <code>dependencies</code>, <code>atvalue</code>, <code>matchdeclare</code>, <code>atomgrad</code>, <code>constant</code>, <code>nonscalar</code>, <code>assume</code>, and some others. Below is a description of how each of those specific declarations is implemented as a property under the hood: ====== Functions and Arrays ====== * '''<code>:=</code> (Function Definition):''' When you define a function using <code>f(x) := x^2</code>, the actual expression (<code>x^2</code>) and its argument list (<code>x</code>) are stored as a property of the symbol <code>f</code>. * '''<code>array</code>:''' When you declare or use a subscripted array (like <code>a[i]</code>), the array type, dimensions, and memory pointer are attached as a property to the symbol <code>a</code>. This differentiates it from a standard scalar variable. ====== Calculus and Dependencies ====== * '''<code>dependencies</code>:''' If you declare <code>depends(y, x)</code>, Maxima attaches a dependency list property to <code>y</code> noting that it functionally depends on <code>x</code>. This tells the <code>diff</code> (differentiation) engine not to treat <code>y</code> as a constant relative to <code>x</code>. * '''<code>atvalue</code>:''' When you define a specific value for an expression at a boundary point (e.g., <code>atvalue(y, x=0, 1)</code>), this boundary constraint is stored as an evaluation property on the symbol <code>y</code>. * '''<code>atomgrad</code>:''' This assigns a specific gradient or derivative to an atomic identifier (e.g., telling Maxima what (df/dx) is explicitly). Maxima saves this rule as a gradient property on that symbol. ====== Pattern Matching and Rules ====== * '''<code>matchdeclare</code>:''' Used in Maxima's pattern-matching system (like <code>tellsimp</code>). When you type <code>matchdeclare(x, freeof(a))</code>, Maxima attaches a predicate property to <code>x</code>. When a pattern rule runs, Maxima looks at property list of <code>x</code> to see what conditions a matching expression must meet. ====== Mathematical and Evaluation Attributes ====== * '''<code>constant</code>:''' Declaring <code>declare(c, constant)</code> places a "constant" flag on property list of <code>c</code>. Core routines (like integration and differentiation) check this flag to know they can pull <code>c</code> out of integrals or differentiate it to zero. * '''<code>nonscalar</code>:''' Tells Maxima to treat a symbol as a matrix or vector rather than a regular number. This property changes how operators like <code>.</code> (non-commutative multiplication) treat the symbol. * '''<code>assume</code>:''' When an expression such as <code>assume(x > 0)</code> is used, Maxima's database system (<code>context</code>) assigns facts and properties (like <code>pos</code> or <code>nonnegative</code>) to the symbol <code>x</code>, allowing the simplifier to safely reduce expressions like <code>sqrt(x^2)</code> to <code>x</code>. The effect of the <code>local</code> operator is to make such declarations effective only within a <code>block</code> expression. Otherwise, declarations within a <code>block</code> expression are considered to be global declarations. So what does all of this mean to the typical Maxima user? It means that the list of identifiers that is the first argument of a <code>block</code> expression only declares the '''''values''''' of those identifiers as local to the <code>block</code> expression in which the list is an argument. Any properties of identifiers are not declared local by this means. In order to declare '''''properties''''' of identifiers to be local to a <code>block</code> expression, the <code>local</code> operator must be used as an expression within the <code>block</code> expression. At the point where the local operator is evaluated as an argument of a <code>block</code> expression, the properties of the identifiers that are arguments to the <code>local</code> operator become local to the block. It is not an unfair criticism that perhaps the <code>local</code> operator should have been named something like <code>local_properties</code>. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i25) f (s) := cos (s); (%o25) f(s):=cos(s) (%i26) f (%pi/6); (%o26) sqrt(3)/2 (%i27) block (local (f), f (s) := sin (s), f (%pi/6)); (%o27) 1/2 (%i28) f (s); (%o28) cos(s) </syntaxhighlight>In the above example, the '''''properties''''' of identifier <code>f</code> were declared to be local in the <code>block</code> expression using the <code>local</code> operator. However, global properties of the identifier <code>f</code> were not affected by the local function definition of <code>f</code> in the <code>block</code> expression. The global definition expression of <code>f</code> which is <code>cos (s)</code> and the argument <code>s</code> were not affected by the local definition of <code>f</code> because the properties of <code>f</code> were declared local to the <code>block</code> expression. <code>block</code> expressions can be used for different purposes in the Maxima programming context. <code>block</code> expressions can be used in a stand-alone fashion or as part of an expression. However, <code>block</code> expressions are commonly used in expressions that define '''''functions''''', which is the topic that follows. === Functions === {| class="wikitable" |+Function Definition Operators and Identifiers |<code>:=</code> |<code>fundef</code> |<code>buildq</code> |- |<code>::=</code> |<code>lambda</code> |<code>macros</code> |- |<code>define</code> |<code>local</code> |<code>slice</code> |- |<code>dispfun</code> |<code>remfunction</code> | |- |<code>functions</code> |<code>setup_autoload</code> | |} As a technical term '''''function''''' is aptly characterized as being overloaded. In the context of Maxima as a CAS, it has both a programming meaning and a mathematical meaning in terms of usage. In this book, the convention is to refer to what may otherwise be referred to as built-in Maxima functions as ''operators'' including those of built-in packages. By this convention, the term '''''function''''' in this book refers exclusively to expressions composed by the user by way of the <code>:=</code> or <code>define</code> operators. As has been mentioned elsewhere in this book, what are conventionally termed ''operators'' that are built-in to Maxima, are at the level of underlying expression construction, Lisp procedures of one type or another. So it makes sense to simply refer to built-in Maxima functions and operators simply as operators one and all. This convention obviates the need for the repetitious use of qualifiers such as ''built-in Maxima'' and ''user-defined'' functions. There are two operators used to define functions as follows: # The <code>''''':='''''</code> operator # The <code>'''define'''</code> operator <var><code>f (x₁, x_2, ..., x_n) ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n] ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n](y₁, y₂, ..., y_m) ''':=''' expr</code></var> <code>define (f</code> <code>(x₁, x_2, …, x_n), expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n], expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n](y₁, y_2, …, y_m), expr)</code> <code>define (funmake (f, [</code><code>x₁, x_2, …, x_n]), expr)</code> <code>define (arraymake (f, [</code><code>x₁, x_2, …, x_n]), expr)</code> <code>define (ev (</code><code>expr₁, expr₂))</code> where <code>expr</code> is some Maxima expression that is commonly referred to as the ''function body''. As can be concluded from the above, each of these operators has different forms of syntax that can be used. In any case, the most significant differences between these two operators are in terms of the evaluation of the function body and the composition and identification of functions dynamically. * '''Evaluation:''' ** The <code>:=</code> operator '''suppresses (quotes)''' the evaluation of the function body when this operator is first evaluated. It does not evaluate or simplify the function body until the function identifier itself is evaluated with arguments. ** The <code>define()</code> operator '''evaluates''' the function body when this operator is first evaluated. If the function body involves intermediate computations, substituted values, or extracted parts of expressions (like <code>rhs()</code> or derivative results), the <code>define()</code> operator includes the evaluated results of those directly into the function body. * '''Dynamic Function Composition and Identifiers:''' ** Function identifiers cannot easily be composed dynamically on the left-hand side of the <code>:=</code> operator when used inside programmatic loop expressions or in scripts. ** The <code>define()</code> operator accepts expressions like <code>funmake</code> or evaluated symbols as its first argument, allowing the composition and identification of functions dynamically during evaluation. So, there are in general two different operators that can be used to define and evaluate functions. The choice by the Maxima user between these two operators depends on the purpose and context. ==== Function Definition Using the <code>:=</code> Operator ==== For the purpose of understanding the two ways of defining functions, consider the following example which is elementary, but in terms of clarification is not merely simple:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* "kill" all previously used identifier and values */ (%i29) kill (all); (%o0) done /* assign identifier x the global value of 5 */ (%i1) x : 5; (x) 5 /* define f as a function with local argument x */ (%i2) f (x) := x; (%o2) f(x):=x /* evaluate f at local value of x is 3 */ (%i3) f (3); (%o3) 3 /* the global value of x is not affected */ (%i4) x; (%o4) 5 /* show the definition expression of the function named f */ (%i5) fundef (f); (%o5) f(x):=x</syntaxhighlight>'''Function Definition Using the''' '''<code>define</code> Operator'''<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* define a function with identifier g with a local argument y and with a function body of identifier x */ (%i3) define (g('x), x); (%o3) g(x):=5 /* identifier x of the function body is evaluated */ /* identifier x as an argument of g is local in scope */ (%i4) fundef (g); (%o4) g(x):=5 /* the same identifier x used in three different roles */ /* used as the global name of a function x */ /* used as a local argument of a function */ /* used as an unevaluated expression for a function body */ (%i7) x(x) := x; (%o7) x(x):=x (%i9) x(3); (%o9) 3 (%i10) x; (%o10) 5 (%i8) fundef (x); (%o8) x(x):=x (%i11) define (x('x), x); (%o11) x(x):=5 (%i12) fundef (x); (%o12) x(x):=5 </syntaxhighlight>The purpose of this example is not to encourage this sort of syntax as a typical choice for identifiers and function definitions. The purpose is to clarify how Maxima implicitly determines the scope and meaning of identifiers used for function definition in the absence of any explicit user stipulations. It should be noted that the <code>define</code> operator not only evaluates the expression that is the function body, it also evaluates the arguments of the function identifier that is the first argument of the <code>define</code> operator. Since there is a global value of the identifier <code>x</code> of <code>5</code>, it was necessary to suppress evaluation (quote) the argument in the expression <code>(%i12) define ('x), x);</code> as otherwise an error would be the result:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* define a new function named x */ (%i14) define (x('x), 'x^2); (%o14) x(x):=x^2 /* check the definition of the new function named x */ (%i15) fundef (x); (%o15) x(x):=x^2 /* the identifier x has a global value */ (%i16) values; (%o16) [x] /* the global value of identifier x is 5 */ (%i17) x; (%o17) 5 /* the suppressed global value 'x of identifier x is x */ (%i18) 'x; (%o18) x /* not quoting the global value of identifier x is an error */ (%i19) define (x(x), 'x^2); define: in definition of x, parameter must be a symbol and must not be a system constant; found: 5 -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); </syntaxhighlight> ==== Understanding the Differences Between the <code>:=</code> and <code>define</code> Operators ==== In cases such as these, the suppression of evaluation by quoting is a user stipulation as to evaluation. Users must be aware of these differences between the two operators (<code>:=</code> and <code>define</code>) for the purpose of function definition in order to achieve what is intended and to avoid errors,<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i20) f (x) := 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5; (%o20) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i21) fundef (f); (%o21) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i22) f(2); (%o22) 27 (%i23) define (f (x) , 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5); define: in definition of f, parameter must be a symbol and must not be a system constant; found: 5 -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); (%i24) define (f ('x) , 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5); (%o24) f(x):=390 (%i25) define (f ('x) , '(3*x^3 + 4*x - 5)); (%o25) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i26) fundef (f); (%o26) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i27) f(2); (%o27) 27 </syntaxhighlight>What is true in the case of these elementary examples is true in general for function definitions involving multiple arguments:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* x has a global value of 5 while y is local to g */ (%i28) g (x, y) := x^3 - y^2; (%o28) g(x,y):=x^3-y^2 (%i29) g (6,2); (%o29) 212 (%i30) define (g('x, y), 'x^3 - y^2); (%o30) g(x,y):=x^3-y^2 (%i31) values; (%o31) [x] (%i32) g (6,2); (%o32) 212 </syntaxhighlight>The <code>define</code> operator is a good choice in cases where an existing expression is used as the function body:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i33) /* assign an expression to identifier expr */ expr : diff('x^3, 'x); /* Returns 3*x^2 */ (expr) 3*x^2 (%i34) /* evaluate expr and define h (x) := 3*x^2 */ define (h ('x), expr); (%o34) h(x):=3*x^2 </syntaxhighlight>In cases in which functions require local variables or more than one expression for the function body, use the block operator:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i35) remvalue (x); (%o35) [x] (%i36) values; (%o36) [expr] --> power_sum (x, y) := block ( /* values of these identifiers are explicitly local to the function */ [sqx, sqy], /* unevaluated identifiers x and y are local arguments of the function and values of these identifiers are implicitly local to the function */ sqx : x^2, sqy : y^2, sqx + sqy /* the value of the function */ )$ (%i37) fundef (power_sum); (%o37) power_sum(x,y):=block([sqx,sqy],sqx:x^2,sqy:y^2,sqx+sqy) (%i38) power_sum (3,4); (%o38) 25 </syntaxhighlight>The <code>define</code> operator could also be used to define this function, but with different definition values as a consequence:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i39) define (power_sum (x,y), block ( [sqx,sqy], sqx : x^2, sqy : y^2, sqx + sqy ) )$ (%i40) fundef (power_sum); (%o40) power_sum(x,y):=y^2+x^2 (%i41) power_sum (3,4); (%o41) 25</syntaxhighlight>The function definition of <code>power_sum</code> is different using the <code>define</code> operator instead of the <code>:=</code> operator. The value of the function when referenced with arguments (<code>power_sum (3,4)</code>) is the same in both cases – <code>25</code>. However, in general for defining functions, this may not be the case. The choice between these two operators depends on the intentions of the user. ==== Practical Considerations Related to Function Composition ==== In general, programming is a technical skill as well as a subjective art. So, absolute rules are not offered here. For practical purposes some "guidelines" are offered here that may be useful for Maxima function composition as well as Maxima programming in general: * * * * * Consider the following linear algebraic equation: <math display="block">3y - 7x = 10</math> As an example suppose the value that is sought is the slope <code>m</code> of this equation, and in general, the slope of any linear equation regardless of the form. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* assign the linear equation to an identifier */ (%i42) lineqn : 3*y - 7*x = 10; (lineqn) 3*y-7*x=10 /* solve the linear equation for y */ (%i43) solve([lineqn], [y]) (%o43) [y=(7*x+10)/3] /* use the index [1] of the list to get the solved equation */ (%i44) solve([lineqn], [y])[1] (%o44) y=(7*x+10)/3 /* use the rhs operator to get right-hand side */ (%i45) rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1]); (%o45) (7*x+10)/3 /* use the expand operator change the RHS */ (%i46) expand(rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1])); (%o46) (7*x)/3+10/3 /* use the coeff operator to get the coefficient of x */ (%i47) coeff(expand(rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1])),x,1); (%o47) 7/3 /* define the function with an argument eqn for lineqn */ (%i48) m (eqn) := coeff (expand (rhs (solve ([eqn], [y])[1])),x,1)$ /* check the function definition */ (%i49) fundef (m); (%o49) m(eqn):=coeff(expand(rhs((solve([eqn],[y]))[1])),x,1) /* reference the function using lineqn as an argument */ (%i50) m (lineqn); (%o50) 7/3 /* assign a different linear equation to lineqn */ (%i51) lineqn : x = 6*y + 13; (lineqn) x=6*y+13 /* reference the function using lineqn as an argument */ %i52) m (lineqn); (%o52) 1/6</syntaxhighlight>The function body of this example will result in an error if it is used with the <code>define</code> operator:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i53) define ( m (eqn), coeff (expand (rhs (solve ([eqn], [y])[1])),x,1) )$ inpart: invalid index 1 of list or matrix. -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); </syntaxhighlight>This error is a consequence of the evaluation that occurs when using the <code>define</code> operator. In this case, this evaluation results in a reference to the indexed value of a list object that does not exist when evaluation occurs during definition – <code>solve ([eqn], [y])[1]</code>. ==== Memoizing Functions ==== The functions discussed so far are often referred to as '''''ordinary functions'''''. The arguments of ordinary functions are enclosed using parentheses – <var><code>(x₁, x_2, ..., x_n)</code>.</var> Function definition forms which include arguments enclosed by brackets (as in <var><code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n]</code></var>) are called '''''memoizing functions'''''. Memoizing functions can be categorized both as functions and as data structures – specifically a ''hashed array'' of values. Memoizing functions are also referred to as '''''array functions'''''. In any case, memoizing functions can be defined using either the <code>:=</code> operator or the <code>define</code> operator. If the form of the function definition expression is <code>f [x₁, x₂,..., x_n] := expr</code> The function body <code>expr</code> is evaluated once for each individual value of the arguments, and that value is the value of the function, without again evaluating the function body, whenever referenced using arguments that have those same values. Once evaluated during a function reference with arguments, that value of a memoizing function is thereby "frozen" in other words. This frozen value also becomes an instance of a hashed array data structure that can be referenced by way of the value of the index used as an argument when first evaluated. In keeping with previous practice, the examples provided here are intentionally elementary for the purpose of demonstrating and clarifying the technical aspects involved. There is thereby no intention to convey that the composition of function definition expressions with multiple arguments and complex expressions for the function body is ruled out or of lesser practical value. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* define a memoizing function f */ /* x and n may serve as both arguments and array indices */ (%i54) f [x, n] := x^n; (%o54) f[x,n]:=x^n /* check the array information for f */ (%i55) arrayinfo (f); (%o55) [hashed,2] /* f does not appear in the list of functions */ (%i56) functions; (%o56) [m(lineqn)] /* reference f with argument values */ (%i57) f [2,3] ; (%o57) 8 /* check the array information for f again */ (%i58) arrayinfo (f); (%o58) [hashed,2,[2,3]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i59) listarray (f); (%o59) [8] /* f does appear in the list of arrays */ (%i60) arrays; (%o60) [f] /* reference f with new argument values */ (%i61) f [5,2]; (%o61) 25 /* check the array information for f again */ (%i62) arrayinfo (f); (%o62) [hashed,2,[2,3],[5,2]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i63) listarray (f); (%o63) [8,25]</syntaxhighlight>An expression of the form <code>define (f [x1, x2</code><code>,…, xn], expr)</code> may also be used to define the same memoizing function <code>f</code> in this case as the evaluation imposed by the <code>define</code> operator during evaluation of these function arguments and this function body that occurs makes no difference:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* remove the function definition and values of f */ (%i64) remarray (f); (%o64) [f] /* the list of arrays is now empty */ (%i65) arrays; (%o65) [] /* define the same memoizing function f using the define operator */ /* evaluation makes no difference to the definition of f in this case */ (%i66) define (f [x,n], x^n); (%o66) f[x,n]:=x^n /* reference f with different argument values */ (%i67) f [3, 2]; (%o67) 9 /* reference f again with different argument values */ (%i68) f [2, 5]; (%o68) 32 /* f again appears in the list of arrays */ (%i69) arrays; (%o69) [f] /* check the array information for f */ (%i70) arrayinfo (f); (%o70) [hashed,2,[2,5],[3,2]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i71) listarray (f); (%o71) [32,9] </syntaxhighlight> ===== Special Forms of Memoizing Functions ===== <code>f [x₁, x₂,..., x_n](y₁, y₂,..., y_m):= expr</code> or <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n](y₁, y_2, …, y_m), expr)</code> An expression of the form <code>f [x₁, x₂,..., x_n](y₁, y₂,..., y_m):= expr</code>, or alternatively of the form <code>define (f [x1, x2</code><code>,…, xn](y₁, y₂,..., y_m), expr)</code>, may also be used to define a memoizing function named <code>f</code>. When either of these forms are used to compose a function definition expression, there is a sense in which the resulting function is a hybrid – part memoizing function, and part "ordinary" function. These forms create a hashed array of functions where the array subscripts <code>[x₁, x₂,..., x_n]</code> evaluate immediately to "specialize" the function body, while the ordinary function arguments <code>(y₁, y₂,..., y_m)</code> are used when evaluating these individual functions.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* Define a function for an array of "shifted" power functions */ (%i72) define( p[n](x), x^n + n ); (%o72) p[n](x):=x^n+n (%i73) p[2]; (%o73) lambda([x],x^2+2) (%i74) p[2](5); (%o74) 27 (%i75) p[4]; (%o75) lambda([x],x^4+4) (%i76) p[4](5); (%o76) 629 (%i77) arrayinfo (p); (%o77) [hashed,1,[2],[4]] (%i78) listarray (p) (%o78) [lambda([x],x^2+2),lambda([x],x^4+4)] (%i79) p[5]; (%o79) lambda([x],x^5+5) (%i80) p[5](2); (%o80) 37 (%i81) listarray (p); (%o81) [lambda([x],x^2+2),lambda([x],x^4+4),lambda([x],x^5+5)] (%i82) arrayinfo (p); (%o82) [hashed,1,[2],[4],[5]]</syntaxhighlight>'''Explanation of the code example:''' '''1. Defining the memoizing function:''' The expression composed using the <code>define</code> operator has a value that defines a special form of a memoizing function. The value of this defining expression serves as a "template" for indexed values of a hashed array – <code>p[n]</code>. '''2. The value of array instances:''' Applying the defined function <code>p</code> to an expression enclosed only with brackets for the argument identified as <code>n</code>, returns a value that is a <code>lambda</code> expression, and that is an indexed instance of a hashed array. The identifier <code>n</code> serves as both as an argument of the function body and as an index of the hashed array in this case. <code>lambda</code> expressions are sometimes referred to as ''anonymous'', ''ad hoc'', or ''throw-away''. The technical details of <code>lambda</code> expressions are explained in a following section. '''3. Evaluating the memoizing functions with arguments:''' The argument identified as <code>x</code> in parentheses serves only as part of the composition of the function body of the indexed <code>lambda</code> expressions of the hashed array <code>p</code> when referenced by some expression in parentheses. This form of the composition of a Maxima memoizing function is useful to create an array of unique <code>lambda</code> expressions where the composition of each individual expression depends explicitly on the structural indices of the array that are used. This form in general can be composed using more than one argument for index values enclosed in brackets, as well more than one evaluation argument enclosed in parentheses. The number of each type of argument need not be the same. For example, in a defining expression of the form: <code>f [x₁, x₂,..., x_n](y₁, y₂,..., y_m):= expr</code>, that <math display="inline">n = m</math> is true, is not necessary. The operator <code>:=</code> can also be used to define this type of memoizing function:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* index values can be expressions */ (%i83) p [2*x]; (%o83) lambda([x],x^(2*x)+2*x) (%i84) p [2*x](4); (%o84) 65544 /* a memoizing function definition with multiple arguments */ (%i85) p2 [m, n](x, y) := x^n + y^m + (m+n); (%o85) p2[m,n](x,y):=x^n+y^m+(m+n) /* this expression creates the first indexed value of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i86) p2 [2, 2]; (%o86) lambda([x,y],y^2+x^2+4) /* this expression has a value of 17 for values of the arguments (2, 3) for the first indexed values of [2, 2] of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i87) p2 [2, 2](2,3); (%o87) 17 /* this expression creates the second indexed value of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i88) p2 [3, 4]; (%o88) lambda([x,y],y^3+x^4+7) /* this expression has a value of 213 for values of the arguments (3, 5) for the second indexed values of [3, 4] of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i89) p2 [3, 4](3, 5); (%o89) 213 (%i90) arrayinfo (p2); (%o90) [hashed,2,[2,2],[3,4]] (%i91) arrayinfo (p); (%o91) [hashed,1,[2],[4],[5],[2*x]] /* another memoizing function definition with multiple arguments and where n is not erqual to m */ (%i92) p3 [i, j](x, y, z) := x^i * y^j * z^j; (%o92) p3[i,j](x,y,z):=x^i*y^j*z^j (%i93) p3 [3,4]; (%o93) lambda([x,y,z],x^3*y^4*z^4) (%i94) p3 [3, 4] (2, 3, 4); (%o94) 165888 (%i95) arrayinfo (p3); (%o95) [hashed,2,[3,4]] (%i96) arrays; (%o96) [p,p2,p3] (%i97) listarray (p3); (%o97) [lambda([x,y,z],x^3*y^4*z^4)] </syntaxhighlight> ===== More Special Forms of Memoizing Functions Using the <code>define</code> Operator ===== <code>define (funmake (f, [x₁, x_2,…, x_n]), expr)</code> or <code>define (arraymake (f, [x₁, x_2,…, x_n]), expr)</code> or <code>define (ev (expr₁, expr₂))</code> ==== Lambda Expressions ==== ==== Macros – <code>::=</code> and <code>buildq</code> Operators ==== In the Maxima Computer Algebra System (CAS), a '''''macro''''' is a special type of function that manipulates the structure of an expression before it is evaluated. The Maxima Manual describes ''macros''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maxima Manual - Operator ::= |url=https://maxima.sourceforge.io/docs/manual/Operators.html#index-_003a_003a_003d |url-status=live}}</ref> as follows: ''"Macro function definition operator.'' <code>::=</code> ''defines a function (called a "macro" for historical reasons) which quotes its arguments, and the expression which it returns (called the "macro expansion") is evaluated in the context from which the macro was called. A macro function is otherwise the same as an ordinary function."'' {| class="wikitable" |+Macro Operators and Identifiers |<code>::=</code> |<code>macroexpand</code> |<code>macros</code> |<code>splice</code> |- |<code>fundef</code> | <code>dispfun</code> | <code>buildq</code> | |- |<code>remfunction</code> |<code>kill</code> |<code>remove</code> | |}While ordinary Maxima functions evaluate their arguments immediately when referenced, a ''macro'' quotes its arguments. It treats those arguments as raw, not evaluated expression blocks, ''transforms'' them mathematically or syntactically, and then <code>evaluates</code> the newly generated code. Because Maxima is written in and inherits the semantics of Common Lisp, its macro system acts similarly to Lisp macros, functioning essentially as a programmable compiler extension. Key Mechanics of a Maxima Macro * '''Definition Operator (<code>::</code>=):''' You define a macro using the <code>::=</code> operator instead of the ordinary function definition operator (<code>:=</code>). * '''The Global <code>macros</code> List:''' Every time you create a macro, Maxima automatically tracks it by appending it to a global information list called <code>macros</code>. * '''Macro Expansion:''' When a macro is invoked, Maxima executes a process called ''expansion''. The macro code runs to generate a new Maxima expression, and then Maxima evaluates that final output expression. ====== Some Reasons to Use a Macro Instead of a Function: ====== Ordinary functions cannot control how or when arguments are evaluated. Macros are a good choice for: # '''Evaluation Control:''' Preventing an expression from being evaluated until specific conditional statements are checked. # '''Meta-programming:''' Writing clean, shorthand code that automatically generates longer, repetitive mathematical boilerplate expressions "under the hood" so to speak. # '''Context Manipulation:''' Altering identifiers inside the environment where referenced rather than within a closed, localized function scope. ====== Example: Function vs. Macro ====== <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* an ordinary function definition expression */ (%i98) a_function (expr) := print( "The expression is: ", expr)$ (%i99) x : 5; (x) 5 /* An ordinary function evaluates arguments when referenced */ (%i100) a_function (x + 2)$ The expression is: 7 /* This expression has the same value as the above */ (%i101) a_function (expr : x + 2)$ The expression is: 7 /* A macro quotes its arguments and controls execution */ (%i102) a_macro (expr) ::= buildq ( [expr], print ("The expression is: ", 'expr) )$ (%i103) a_macro (x + 2); The expression is: x+2 (%o103) x+2 (%i104) a_macro (expr : x + 2); The expression is: expr:x+2 (%o104) expr:x+2 /* a macro function expression does not evaluate the argument */ (%i105) a_macro (expr : 2); The expression is: expr:2 (%o105) expr:2 /* the macros identifier lists defined macros */ (%i106) macros; (%o106) [a_macro(expr)] </syntaxhighlight>To "quote" ( <code>'</code> ) an expression is to suppress evaluation. The above example provides some insight into the value of the argument that a function references compared to the value of the argument that a macro references. Maxima macros (and Lisp as well) are an example of the fact that expressions can be used as data – which is referred to as '''''homoiconicity'''''. The typical purpose of using macros is to reference expressions as arguments and have as a value of the macro a different expression, which has been evaluated instead. To understand the difference, consider how a function and a macro handle a identifier named <code>x</code>: * If <code>a_function(x + 2)</code> is referenced when <code>x</code> has been previously assigned a value of <code>5</code>, the function immediately receives <code>7</code> as the value of the argument expression. * If <code>a_macro(x + 2)</code>, is referenced the macro receives the exact symbolic structure <code>x + 2</code> as the value of the argument expression without evaluating it first, allowing manipulation of the literal algebraic format. Expression templates like <code>buildq</code> are frequently used inside macros to compose new mathematical expressions. On the surface, a macro functions does not appear to be different than an ordinary function – both are expressions that have values if referenced using arguments. The difference involves the point in the processing of the expression as to what is evaluated when referenced and when. In short, The ordinary function processes evaluated arguments while the macro uses unevaluated arguments to reshape the process of composing the returned value. ====== Two Other Simple Examples ====== Simple macros are typically used to create shorthand syntax, control evaluation, or mimic standard programming constructs like in-place modification. '''Example''' '''1: In-place Increment''' In Maxima, there is no built-in <code>x++</code> or <code>x : x + 1</code> when <code>x</code> is referenced as an argument of an ordinary function. Using a macro, an identifier can be referenced as an argument without evaluating it, modify it, and then reassign it.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* macro definition expression */ (%i107) incm (var) ::= buildq ([var], var : var + 1); (%o108) incm(var)::=buildq([var],var:var+1) /* Usage */ (%i109) x : 10; (x) 10 (%i110) incm (x); (%o110) 11 /* x is now 11 */ (%i111) x; (%o111) 11</syntaxhighlight>An ordinary function would evaluate <code>x</code> to <code>10</code> immediately, passing the number <code>10</code> to the function. Consequently, an ordinary function cannot assign a new value to the raw identifier <code>x</code>.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* function definition expression */ (%i112) incf(var) := buildq([var], var : var + 1); (%o112) incf(var):=buildq([var],var:var+1) (%i113) incf (x); (%o113) 11:12 /* x is still 11 */ (%i114) x; (%o114) 11</syntaxhighlight>'''Example 2: Unless Conditional''' <code>(unless_then)</code> A macro for a custom control flow that evaluates a body of expressions only if a condition is <code>false</code>.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* definition expression for the macro */ (%i115) unless_then(cond, body) ::= buildq([cond, body], if not cond then body)$ /* usage */ (%i115) is_raining : false; (is_raining) false (%i116) unless_then(is_raining, print("Let's go for a walk!"))$ Let's go for a walk! </syntaxhighlight> ====== Some Complex Macro Examples ====== Complex macros often use <code>buildq</code> (build quotation) alongside loop structures to dynamically generate heavily nested code, unroll repetitive operations, or create entirely new domain-specific syntax. '''Example 1: Parallel Assignment''' <code>(psetq)</code> This macro mimics Lisp's parallel assignment. It takes a list of variables and a list of values, evaluating all values first before assigning them to prevent variables from overwriting each other mid-process (useful for swapping variables).<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i117) psetq ([args]) ::= block ( [len, vars, vals, gensyms, assignments, final_assigns], len : length (args), if oddp (len) then error ("psetq requires an even number of arguments"), /* Separate variables and expressions */ vars : makelist (args[i], i, 1, len, 2), vals : makelist (args[i], i, 2, len, 2), /* Create unique temporary identifiers to hold the evaluated values safely */ gensyms : makelist (gensym (), i, 1, length (vars)), /* 1. Evaluate expressions into temporary identifiers */ assignments : makelist (buildq ([g: gensyms[i], v: vals[i]], g: v), i, 1, length (vars) ), /* 2. Assign temporary identifiers back to target identifiers */ final_assigns : makelist (buildq([v : vars[i], g : gensyms[i]], v : g), i, 1, length (vars)), /* Return a block containing both steps sequentially */ buildq ([assignments, final_assigns], block ( splice (assignments), splice (final_assigns) ) ) )$ (%i118) x : 5$ (%i119) y : 10$ (%i120) psetq(x, y, y, x)$ (%i121) print("x =", x, "y =", y)$ "x ="5"y ="10 </syntaxhighlight>Key Concept: <code>splice</code> is used here inside <code>buildq</code> to unpack the list of generated assignment expressions directly into the <code>block(...)</code> structure so it executes as raw, flat sequential code. '''Example 2: Memoized Timing Wrapper''' <code>(time_and_cache)</code> This macro wraps an expensive mathematical calculation. It checks if a global cache has the result; if not, it prints a timing message, computes it, saves it to a hashed array, and returns the value.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i122) time_and_cache (cache_name, key, expr) ::= buildq ( [cache_name, key, expr], block ( [cached_val], cached_val : cache_name[key], if cached_val # false then ( print("Cache Hit!"), cached_val ) else ( print ("Cache Miss. Computing..."), block ( [start_t, result], start_t : absolute_real_time(), result : expr, print("Elapsed time:", absolute_real_time() - start_t, "seconds"), cache_name[key] : result, result ) ) ) )$ (%i123) time_and_cache (my_cache, "heavy_sum", sum (k^2, k, 1, 100000)); Cache Miss. Computing... Elapsed time:"0"seconds (%o123) 333338333350000 (%i124) time_and_cache (my_cache, "heavy_sum", sum (k^2, k, 1, 100000)); Cache Hit! (%o124) 333338333350000 </syntaxhighlight>'''Core Macro Operators:''' As the need for relatively more complex macros arises, users will likely find that the following three operators are useful: 1. <code>buildq([substitutions], expression)</code>: Safely substitutes identifiers into a quoted expression template. 2. <code>splice(list)</code>: Flattens a list within a <code>buildq</code> template, removing the outer list bracket tags. 3. <code>gensym()</code>: Generates a completely unique identifier name (e.g., g1234) to prevent macro internal variables from inadvertently conflicting with identifiers of the main program. ==== Some Techniques for Function Composition ==== === Conditional Expressions – Special Operator <code>if</code> === === Expressions for Iteration – Special Operator <code>do</code> === The special operator <code>do</code> is used to compose expressions for iteration. It is typically used with the following other special operators: * <code>while</code> * <code>unless</code> * <code>for</code> * <code>from</code> * <code>thru</code> * <code>step</code> * <code>next</code> * <code>in</code> The general forms of <code>do</code> expressions Maxima supports are: <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>thru</code> limit <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>while</code> condition <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>unless</code> condition <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> list <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> expr <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> hash_table <code>do</code> body === Lisp and Maxima === {{BookCat}} shej58j9ykwcubirpj7gszskupjx2h9 4680802 4680685 2026-11-08T00:05:12Z Idavidmiller 3577687 /* Some Complex Macro Examples */ Work in progress. Saving Changes. 4680802 wikitext text/x-wiki =Maxima Programming= Although Maxima is not a general-purpose programming language, Maxima as a CAS includes among the built-in ingredients a relatively complete set of programming expressions that are useful for the intended context. Many of the code examples of this section are intended to be illustrative of technical details relevant to Maxima programming as their purpose, and consequently are intentionally elementary in character. Learning any sort of programming language, including Maxima programming expressions, is a subjective process. In any case, it is essential to have enough technical know-how specific to the programming language in order to begin the learning process, even in cases where much positive transfer from other programming experience is involved. Much can be accomplished mathematically using Maxima without having to resort to in-depth knowledge and proficiency in the technical details of Maxima programming expressions. However, Maxima programming expressions are frequently essential for the purpose of defining functions, both in the programming sense of the term, but also more relevantly, for the mathematical sense. For that reason alone, familiarity and sufficient proficiency with Maxima programming expressions should be given some attention. One way to begin the learning process is to become familiar with enough of the programming essentials to accomplish independent efforts toward accomplishing some specific programming goal of interest. The other way is to study the many available programming expressions of others. This section is intended to provide the essentials toward learning by whatever means are chosen. The following table shows some built-in ingredients related to Maxima programming expressions: {| class="wikitable" |+Maxima Programming Category |if |unless |errcatch |prederror |- |block |for |error |return |- |catch |from |warning |throw |- |local |thru |errormsg |sstatus |- |garbage_collect |step |errormsg |status |- |do |next |go | |- |while |in | | |} Some of these programming expression ingredients can also be considered as belonging to one or more other categories than the Programming category. === Block Expressions === Arguably, the first expressions to consider in the context of Maxima programming are '''''block''''' expressions. All <code>block</code> expressions as programming ingredients come in two flavors: * <code>( expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n )</code> * <code>block ([v₁,v_2,…,v_m], expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n)</code> The first form of a <code>block</code> expression is equivalent to the second form, but without the first list argument: <code>[v₁,v_2,…,v_m]</code>, as in <code>block (expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code>, unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the block expression. In that, case the form <code>block (expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n)</code> must be used. It should be noted that for Maxima to interpret of the syntax of the first of these forms as a block operator, there must be at least two expressions in the comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. Otherwise, Maxima will interpret the parentheses of this syntax as simply grouping related to the precedence order of operations. The purpose of the list argument, <code>[v₁,v_2,…,v_m]</code> is to declare the values of identifiers of the list to be local to the <code>block</code>. If there is no need for local identifiers, the list argument can be omitted (unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the <code>block</code> expression), and either form is sufficient.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* This block expression */ (%i1) (x : 2, x^2); (%o1) 4 /* Is equivalent to this block expression */ (%i2) block (x : 2, x^2); (%o2) 4</syntaxhighlight>So, in the case where values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> of expressions are not required, then the choice of either form of the <code>block</code> expression is a matter of user preference. In both cases, the values of identifiers referenced in the <code>block</code> are global, and not local to the <code>block</code> expression. However, for the sake of clarity and consistency use of the latter form may be a better choice. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* The value 3 assigned to x is global */ (%i3) x : 3; (x) 3 /* The value 2 assigned to x in the block is global */ (%i4) (x : 2, x^2); (%o4) 4 /* The global value assigned to x in the block is 2 not 3 */ (%i5) x; (%o5) 2 </syntaxhighlight>Values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> may not be global:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* the value of identifier y is local only */ (%i6) block ([y], y : 4, y); (%o6) 4 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i7) y; (%o7) y /* the values of identifiers x and y are both local */ (%i8) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x); (%o8) 3 /* the global value of identifier x is not 3, but is 2 */ (%i9) x; (%o9) 2 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i10) y; (%o10) y</syntaxhighlight> Regardless of the form of the <code>block</code> expressions these have in common the comma-separated expression arguments <code>expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code> which are evaluated each in turn from first to last (unless the evaluation sequence is modified by by the <code>go</code>, <code>throw</code>, or <code>return</code> operators), and the value of the block expression is the value of <code>expr_n</code>. The main purpose of the <code>block</code> expression, regardless of the form, is to group expressions that are related in some manner, and the value of the last expression may be the only value of interest. However, there are very few limitations imposed on the nature of the <code>block</code> expression arguments, so it might be the case that the purpose of evaluating the <code>block</code> expression has been achieved before the last expression argument is evaluated, in which case the value of the <code>block</code> expression may not necessarily be the value of the last argument expression. One way to accomplish that is to use an empty string as the last argument expression with the option flag <code>stringdisp</code> set to <code>false</code> which is the default value.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i11) stringdisp; (%o11) false (%i12) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x, ""); (%o12) (%i13) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x)$ </syntaxhighlight> The display of the value of the <code>block</code> expression may be suppressed using a <code>$</code> to end the input expression instead of a semi-colon. Either technique produces a <code>block</code> expression value, but the value is not displayed. If a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated as a argument expression, this will cause evaluation of expression arguments to end explicitly, and the value of the <code>return</code> operator becomes the value of the <code>block</code> expression.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i14) is (equal (x, 2)); (%o14) true %i15) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), " x not 2"); (%o15) 2 (%i16) x : 3; (x) 3 (%i17) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), "x not 2"); (%o17) x not 2 </syntaxhighlight>When a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated within a <code>block</code> expression the result is to stop evaluation of expressions within the enclosing <code>block</code> expression and to return the value of its argument as the value of the enclosing <code>block</code> expression. It therefore can be compared with the <code>return</code> statement found in other programming languages, but with one difference: In Maxima, the <code>return</code> operator affects only the block expression in which the <code>return</code> operator is an expression, and has no effect otherwise.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i18) test_nested_block (val) := block ( [outer_var : 10], print("Entering outer block expression"), /* inner block expression */ block( [inner_var : 20], print (" Entering inner block expression"), if val > 5 then /* another inner block expression */ block ( print (" val > 5"), print (" Returning only to inner block expression"), return (inner_var + val) /* returns only to the inner block expression */ ), /* end of another inner block expression */ print (" inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val) ), /* end of inner block expression */ print ("Back in outer block expression"), outer_var + val /* end of outer block expression */ )$ (%i19) test_nested_block (1); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression inner_var + val is 21 Back in outer block expression (%o19) 11 (%i20) test_nested_block (6); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression val > 5 Returning only to inner block expression Back in outer block expression (%o20) 16</syntaxhighlight> '''''The <code>block</code> operators''''': Each instance may define local variables and has a comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. '''''Nested blocks''''': There are three <code>block</code> operators used in the right-hand side of the function definition expression named <code>test_nested_block (val</code>. There is an outer <code>block</code> expression that has an inner <code>block</code> expression as an argument,and there is a third <code>block</code> expression that is an argument of the inner <code>block</code> expression. '''''The <code>return</code> operator''''': If <code>val > 5</code> is <code>true</code> then the return operator of the most inner <code>block</code> expression is evaluated and evaluation of remaining expressions of that block expression does not occur. The value of that most inner <code>block</code> expression is the value of the argument of the return operator – <code>inner_var + val</code>. Evaluation of expressions continues with the first expression of the inner <code>block</code> expression after the end of the most inner <code>block</code> expression – which is <code>print ("   inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val)</code>. The value of the <code>print</code> operator is the value of <code>inner_var + val</code>. However, while that value is the value of the inner <code>block</code> expression it is effectively lost, as it is not the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> sequence of expressions. That value is the value of <code>outer_var + val</code>, which, being the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> is always the value of the function. ==== Block Expression Evaluation Sequence Modifications ==== <code>block</code> expression arguments <code>expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code> are generally evaluated each in turn from first to last, and the value of the <code>block</code> expression is the value of <code>expr_n</code> unless this sequence is modified by some means. One way to modify the first-to-last expression evaluation sequence of a <code>block</code> expression is by way of a <code>go</code> operator with a ''label'' (or ''"tag"'') argument ( the ''"go to"'') as the following exemplifies:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i18) sum_to_n (n) := block ( [i : 1, total : 0], loop, total : total + i, i : i + 1, if i <= n then go (loop), total)$ (%i19) sum_to_n(25); (%o19) 325 (%i20) n; (%o20) n (%i21) i; (%o21) i (%i22) total; (%o22) total </syntaxhighlight> Note the following: * <code>'''block ([ i : 1,total : 0], ...)'''</code>: The list argument creates a local environment with local identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code>. The function argument <code>n</code> is also a local identifier. * <code>'''loop'''</code>: This label serves as a target inside the <code>block</code> expression to where <code>go (loop)</code> can jump. * <code>'''if i <= n then go (loop)'''</code>: This conditional expression causes the <code>go (loop)</code> operator to be evaluated if the condition is <code>true</code>. * <code>'''total'''</code>: The value of this local identifier is the returned value of the <code>block</code> expression. It should also be worth noting that the identifiers <code>n</code>, <code>i</code>, and <code>total</code> have local values assigned within the <code>block</code> expression, but their global values are themselves. Also notice that the identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code> were both declared local and assigned initial values within the <code>block</code> list argument. The ''go-to'' label argument of the <code>go</code> operator must be the name of a tag appearing within the same block expression. The <code>go</code> operator cannot be used to go to a tag in a different <code>block</code> expression. There is nothing special about the <code>loop</code> identifier name used for the go-to tag in this example. Other identifiers could be used, but they must be atomic. Another way to modify a <code>block</code> expression evaluation sequence is by way of the <code>throw</code> operator.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i32) /* Define a function using a block expression that searches for a specific condition and a throw value to catch */ find_element (target_list, threshold) := block ( [found_val : false], /* local identifier value */ catch( for x in target_list do ( if x > threshold then ( /* Immediately exit the block and return this value */ throw (x) ) ), /* This string is returned only if the do loop finishes without a throw to catch */ "No element exceeded the threshold" ) )$ (%i31) /* Test the block */ find_element ( [10, 20, 55, 80], 50 ); (%o31) 55</syntaxhighlight>This example unpacks as follows: <code>'''catch (...)'''</code>: This expression creates a target scope that ''"catches"'' the value of any <code>throw</code> expression evaluated within that scope. <code>'''throw (x)'''</code>: When Maxima encounters this operator, it immediately stops evaluation of the <code>do</code> loop expression '''''and the rest of the''''' <code>block</code> '''''expression.''''' It jumps directly out of the scope of the <code>catch</code> expression, returning the value of <code>x</code> as the value of the entire <code>catch</code> expression. ==== Nested Block Expressions ==== <code>block</code> operators may appear within other block expressions as arguments – '''''nested''''' <code>block</code> expressions. A local environment with local identifiers may be created for nested block expressions. Local values for identifiers, if declared by a first <code>block</code> operator list argument, are created each time a nested <code>block</code> is evaluated. However, identifiers with global values that have not been declared as local within any <code>block</code> expressions, are global values for nested <code>block</code> expressions as well as enclosing <code>block</code> expressions. Likewise, local identifiers of any enclosing <code>block</code> expression have values that are global within any enclosed blocks, if not declared as local within the enclosed block. If the value of an identifier is not local in a <code>block</code> expression, its value is the value most recently assigned by an enclosing <code>block</code> expression, if any value has been assigned. Otherwise, it is the value of the identifier in the global environment. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) z : 2^(1/3); (z) 2^(1/3) (%i24) /* Outer block starts */ block ( [x : 10, y : 20], /* values of x and y declared local to outer block */ /* Inner block starts */ block ( [y : 99, z : 100], /* values of y and z declared local to inner block */ print ("Inside inner block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the local value of y of outer block"), print("z =", z, "is the local value of z of inner block") ), /* Inner block ends */ /* Outer block resumes */ print ("Back in outer block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the restored value of y of the outer block"), print ("z =", z, "is the value of z global to both blocks") /* Outer block ends */ )$ Inside inner block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 99 is the local value of y of outer block z = 100 is the local value of z of inner block Back in outer block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 20 is the restored value of y of the outer block z = 2^(1/3) is the value of z global to both blocks </syntaxhighlight> ==== Values, Properties, and the <code>local</code> Operator ==== The expression <code>local (v₁, v₂, ... , v_m)</code> within a <code>block</code> expression saves the '''''properties''''' associated with the symbols <code>v₁, v₂, ... , v_m</code>, removes any properties before evaluating other expressions, and restores any saved properties on exit from the block. Because Maxima is an application based on the Common Lisp programming language, it utilizes Lisp '''''symbol''''' structure. Lisp symbols are objects that carry their own "dictionary" of attributes. A Lisp symbol's internal property list (''plist'') is a built-in data structure attached directly to a symbol. Maxima uses this underlying Lisp symbol structure to associate '''''properties''''' with Maxima identifiers. Properties of identifiers can be ''declared explicitly'' by users. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) declare (x, real); (%o23) done </syntaxhighlight> However, some identifier property declarations are ''implemented implicitly'' as properties of a symbol, including <code>:=</code>, <code>array</code>, <code>dependencies</code>, <code>atvalue</code>, <code>matchdeclare</code>, <code>atomgrad</code>, <code>constant</code>, <code>nonscalar</code>, <code>assume</code>, and some others. Below is a description of how each of those specific declarations is implemented as a property under the hood: ====== Functions and Arrays ====== * '''<code>:=</code> (Function Definition):''' When you define a function using <code>f(x) := x^2</code>, the actual expression (<code>x^2</code>) and its argument list (<code>x</code>) are stored as a property of the symbol <code>f</code>. * '''<code>array</code>:''' When you declare or use a subscripted array (like <code>a[i]</code>), the array type, dimensions, and memory pointer are attached as a property to the symbol <code>a</code>. This differentiates it from a standard scalar variable. ====== Calculus and Dependencies ====== * '''<code>dependencies</code>:''' If you declare <code>depends(y, x)</code>, Maxima attaches a dependency list property to <code>y</code> noting that it functionally depends on <code>x</code>. This tells the <code>diff</code> (differentiation) engine not to treat <code>y</code> as a constant relative to <code>x</code>. * '''<code>atvalue</code>:''' When you define a specific value for an expression at a boundary point (e.g., <code>atvalue(y, x=0, 1)</code>), this boundary constraint is stored as an evaluation property on the symbol <code>y</code>. * '''<code>atomgrad</code>:''' This assigns a specific gradient or derivative to an atomic identifier (e.g., telling Maxima what (df/dx) is explicitly). Maxima saves this rule as a gradient property on that symbol. ====== Pattern Matching and Rules ====== * '''<code>matchdeclare</code>:''' Used in Maxima's pattern-matching system (like <code>tellsimp</code>). When you type <code>matchdeclare(x, freeof(a))</code>, Maxima attaches a predicate property to <code>x</code>. When a pattern rule runs, Maxima looks at property list of <code>x</code> to see what conditions a matching expression must meet. ====== Mathematical and Evaluation Attributes ====== * '''<code>constant</code>:''' Declaring <code>declare(c, constant)</code> places a "constant" flag on property list of <code>c</code>. Core routines (like integration and differentiation) check this flag to know they can pull <code>c</code> out of integrals or differentiate it to zero. * '''<code>nonscalar</code>:''' Tells Maxima to treat a symbol as a matrix or vector rather than a regular number. This property changes how operators like <code>.</code> (non-commutative multiplication) treat the symbol. * '''<code>assume</code>:''' When an expression such as <code>assume(x > 0)</code> is used, Maxima's database system (<code>context</code>) assigns facts and properties (like <code>pos</code> or <code>nonnegative</code>) to the symbol <code>x</code>, allowing the simplifier to safely reduce expressions like <code>sqrt(x^2)</code> to <code>x</code>. The effect of the <code>local</code> operator is to make such declarations effective only within a <code>block</code> expression. Otherwise, declarations within a <code>block</code> expression are considered to be global declarations. So what does all of this mean to the typical Maxima user? It means that the list of identifiers that is the first argument of a <code>block</code> expression only declares the '''''values''''' of those identifiers as local to the <code>block</code> expression in which the list is an argument. Any properties of identifiers are not declared local by this means. In order to declare '''''properties''''' of identifiers to be local to a <code>block</code> expression, the <code>local</code> operator must be used as an expression within the <code>block</code> expression. At the point where the local operator is evaluated as an argument of a <code>block</code> expression, the properties of the identifiers that are arguments to the <code>local</code> operator become local to the block. It is not an unfair criticism that perhaps the <code>local</code> operator should have been named something like <code>local_properties</code>. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i25) f (s) := cos (s); (%o25) f(s):=cos(s) (%i26) f (%pi/6); (%o26) sqrt(3)/2 (%i27) block (local (f), f (s) := sin (s), f (%pi/6)); (%o27) 1/2 (%i28) f (s); (%o28) cos(s) </syntaxhighlight>In the above example, the '''''properties''''' of identifier <code>f</code> were declared to be local in the <code>block</code> expression using the <code>local</code> operator. However, global properties of the identifier <code>f</code> were not affected by the local function definition of <code>f</code> in the <code>block</code> expression. The global definition expression of <code>f</code> which is <code>cos (s)</code> and the argument <code>s</code> were not affected by the local definition of <code>f</code> because the properties of <code>f</code> were declared local to the <code>block</code> expression. <code>block</code> expressions can be used for different purposes in the Maxima programming context. <code>block</code> expressions can be used in a stand-alone fashion or as part of an expression. However, <code>block</code> expressions are commonly used in expressions that define '''''functions''''', which is the topic that follows. === Functions === {| class="wikitable" |+Function Definition Operators and Identifiers |<code>:=</code> |<code>fundef</code> |<code>buildq</code> |- |<code>::=</code> |<code>lambda</code> |<code>macros</code> |- |<code>define</code> |<code>local</code> |<code>slice</code> |- |<code>dispfun</code> |<code>remfunction</code> | |- |<code>functions</code> |<code>setup_autoload</code> | |} As a technical term '''''function''''' is aptly characterized as being overloaded. In the context of Maxima as a CAS, it has both a programming meaning and a mathematical meaning in terms of usage. In this book, the convention is to refer to what may otherwise be referred to as built-in Maxima functions as ''operators'' including those of built-in packages. By this convention, the term '''''function''''' in this book refers exclusively to expressions composed by the user by way of the <code>:=</code> or <code>define</code> operators. As has been mentioned elsewhere in this book, what are conventionally termed ''operators'' that are built-in to Maxima, are at the level of underlying expression construction, Lisp procedures of one type or another. So it makes sense to simply refer to built-in Maxima functions and operators simply as operators one and all. This convention obviates the need for the repetitious use of qualifiers such as ''built-in Maxima'' and ''user-defined'' functions. There are two operators used to define functions as follows: # The <code>''''':='''''</code> operator # The <code>'''define'''</code> operator <var><code>f (x₁, x_2, ..., x_n) ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n] ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n](y₁, y₂, ..., y_m) ''':=''' expr</code></var> <code>define (f</code> <code>(x₁, x_2, …, x_n), expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n], expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n](y₁, y_2, …, y_m), expr)</code> <code>define (funmake (f, [</code><code>x₁, x_2, …, x_n]), expr)</code> <code>define (arraymake (f, [</code><code>x₁, x_2, …, x_n]), expr)</code> <code>define (ev (</code><code>expr₁, expr₂))</code> where <code>expr</code> is some Maxima expression that is commonly referred to as the ''function body''. As can be concluded from the above, each of these operators has different forms of syntax that can be used. In any case, the most significant differences between these two operators are in terms of the evaluation of the function body and the composition and identification of functions dynamically. * '''Evaluation:''' ** The <code>:=</code> operator '''suppresses (quotes)''' the evaluation of the function body when this operator is first evaluated. It does not evaluate or simplify the function body until the function identifier itself is evaluated with arguments. ** The <code>define()</code> operator '''evaluates''' the function body when this operator is first evaluated. If the function body involves intermediate computations, substituted values, or extracted parts of expressions (like <code>rhs()</code> or derivative results), the <code>define()</code> operator includes the evaluated results of those directly into the function body. * '''Dynamic Function Composition and Identifiers:''' ** Function identifiers cannot easily be composed dynamically on the left-hand side of the <code>:=</code> operator when used inside programmatic loop expressions or in scripts. ** The <code>define()</code> operator accepts expressions like <code>funmake</code> or evaluated symbols as its first argument, allowing the composition and identification of functions dynamically during evaluation. So, there are in general two different operators that can be used to define and evaluate functions. The choice by the Maxima user between these two operators depends on the purpose and context. ==== Function Definition Using the <code>:=</code> Operator ==== For the purpose of understanding the two ways of defining functions, consider the following example which is elementary, but in terms of clarification is not merely simple:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* "kill" all previously used identifier and values */ (%i29) kill (all); (%o0) done /* assign identifier x the global value of 5 */ (%i1) x : 5; (x) 5 /* define f as a function with local argument x */ (%i2) f (x) := x; (%o2) f(x):=x /* evaluate f at local value of x is 3 */ (%i3) f (3); (%o3) 3 /* the global value of x is not affected */ (%i4) x; (%o4) 5 /* show the definition expression of the function named f */ (%i5) fundef (f); (%o5) f(x):=x</syntaxhighlight>'''Function Definition Using the''' '''<code>define</code> Operator'''<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* define a function with identifier g with a local argument y and with a function body of identifier x */ (%i3) define (g('x), x); (%o3) g(x):=5 /* identifier x of the function body is evaluated */ /* identifier x as an argument of g is local in scope */ (%i4) fundef (g); (%o4) g(x):=5 /* the same identifier x used in three different roles */ /* used as the global name of a function x */ /* used as a local argument of a function */ /* used as an unevaluated expression for a function body */ (%i7) x(x) := x; (%o7) x(x):=x (%i9) x(3); (%o9) 3 (%i10) x; (%o10) 5 (%i8) fundef (x); (%o8) x(x):=x (%i11) define (x('x), x); (%o11) x(x):=5 (%i12) fundef (x); (%o12) x(x):=5 </syntaxhighlight>The purpose of this example is not to encourage this sort of syntax as a typical choice for identifiers and function definitions. The purpose is to clarify how Maxima implicitly determines the scope and meaning of identifiers used for function definition in the absence of any explicit user stipulations. It should be noted that the <code>define</code> operator not only evaluates the expression that is the function body, it also evaluates the arguments of the function identifier that is the first argument of the <code>define</code> operator. Since there is a global value of the identifier <code>x</code> of <code>5</code>, it was necessary to suppress evaluation (quote) the argument in the expression <code>(%i12) define ('x), x);</code> as otherwise an error would be the result:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* define a new function named x */ (%i14) define (x('x), 'x^2); (%o14) x(x):=x^2 /* check the definition of the new function named x */ (%i15) fundef (x); (%o15) x(x):=x^2 /* the identifier x has a global value */ (%i16) values; (%o16) [x] /* the global value of identifier x is 5 */ (%i17) x; (%o17) 5 /* the suppressed global value 'x of identifier x is x */ (%i18) 'x; (%o18) x /* not quoting the global value of identifier x is an error */ (%i19) define (x(x), 'x^2); define: in definition of x, parameter must be a symbol and must not be a system constant; found: 5 -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); </syntaxhighlight> ==== Understanding the Differences Between the <code>:=</code> and <code>define</code> Operators ==== In cases such as these, the suppression of evaluation by quoting is a user stipulation as to evaluation. Users must be aware of these differences between the two operators (<code>:=</code> and <code>define</code>) for the purpose of function definition in order to achieve what is intended and to avoid errors,<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i20) f (x) := 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5; (%o20) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i21) fundef (f); (%o21) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i22) f(2); (%o22) 27 (%i23) define (f (x) , 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5); define: in definition of f, parameter must be a symbol and must not be a system constant; found: 5 -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); (%i24) define (f ('x) , 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5); (%o24) f(x):=390 (%i25) define (f ('x) , '(3*x^3 + 4*x - 5)); (%o25) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i26) fundef (f); (%o26) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i27) f(2); (%o27) 27 </syntaxhighlight>What is true in the case of these elementary examples is true in general for function definitions involving multiple arguments:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* x has a global value of 5 while y is local to g */ (%i28) g (x, y) := x^3 - y^2; (%o28) g(x,y):=x^3-y^2 (%i29) g (6,2); (%o29) 212 (%i30) define (g('x, y), 'x^3 - y^2); (%o30) g(x,y):=x^3-y^2 (%i31) values; (%o31) [x] (%i32) g (6,2); (%o32) 212 </syntaxhighlight>The <code>define</code> operator is a good choice in cases where an existing expression is used as the function body:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i33) /* assign an expression to identifier expr */ expr : diff('x^3, 'x); /* Returns 3*x^2 */ (expr) 3*x^2 (%i34) /* evaluate expr and define h (x) := 3*x^2 */ define (h ('x), expr); (%o34) h(x):=3*x^2 </syntaxhighlight>In cases in which functions require local variables or more than one expression for the function body, use the block operator:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i35) remvalue (x); (%o35) [x] (%i36) values; (%o36) [expr] --> power_sum (x, y) := block ( /* values of these identifiers are explicitly local to the function */ [sqx, sqy], /* unevaluated identifiers x and y are local arguments of the function and values of these identifiers are implicitly local to the function */ sqx : x^2, sqy : y^2, sqx + sqy /* the value of the function */ )$ (%i37) fundef (power_sum); (%o37) power_sum(x,y):=block([sqx,sqy],sqx:x^2,sqy:y^2,sqx+sqy) (%i38) power_sum (3,4); (%o38) 25 </syntaxhighlight>The <code>define</code> operator could also be used to define this function, but with different definition values as a consequence:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i39) define (power_sum (x,y), block ( [sqx,sqy], sqx : x^2, sqy : y^2, sqx + sqy ) )$ (%i40) fundef (power_sum); (%o40) power_sum(x,y):=y^2+x^2 (%i41) power_sum (3,4); (%o41) 25</syntaxhighlight>The function definition of <code>power_sum</code> is different using the <code>define</code> operator instead of the <code>:=</code> operator. The value of the function when referenced with arguments (<code>power_sum (3,4)</code>) is the same in both cases – <code>25</code>. However, in general for defining functions, this may not be the case. The choice between these two operators depends on the intentions of the user. ==== Practical Considerations Related to Function Composition ==== In general, programming is a technical skill as well as a subjective art. So, absolute rules are not offered here. For practical purposes some "guidelines" are offered here that may be useful for Maxima function composition as well as Maxima programming in general: * * * * * Consider the following linear algebraic equation: <math display="block">3y - 7x = 10</math> As an example suppose the value that is sought is the slope <code>m</code> of this equation, and in general, the slope of any linear equation regardless of the form. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* assign the linear equation to an identifier */ (%i42) lineqn : 3*y - 7*x = 10; (lineqn) 3*y-7*x=10 /* solve the linear equation for y */ (%i43) solve([lineqn], [y]) (%o43) [y=(7*x+10)/3] /* use the index [1] of the list to get the solved equation */ (%i44) solve([lineqn], [y])[1] (%o44) y=(7*x+10)/3 /* use the rhs operator to get right-hand side */ (%i45) rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1]); (%o45) (7*x+10)/3 /* use the expand operator change the RHS */ (%i46) expand(rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1])); (%o46) (7*x)/3+10/3 /* use the coeff operator to get the coefficient of x */ (%i47) coeff(expand(rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1])),x,1); (%o47) 7/3 /* define the function with an argument eqn for lineqn */ (%i48) m (eqn) := coeff (expand (rhs (solve ([eqn], [y])[1])),x,1)$ /* check the function definition */ (%i49) fundef (m); (%o49) m(eqn):=coeff(expand(rhs((solve([eqn],[y]))[1])),x,1) /* reference the function using lineqn as an argument */ (%i50) m (lineqn); (%o50) 7/3 /* assign a different linear equation to lineqn */ (%i51) lineqn : x = 6*y + 13; (lineqn) x=6*y+13 /* reference the function using lineqn as an argument */ %i52) m (lineqn); (%o52) 1/6</syntaxhighlight>The function body of this example will result in an error if it is used with the <code>define</code> operator:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i53) define ( m (eqn), coeff (expand (rhs (solve ([eqn], [y])[1])),x,1) )$ inpart: invalid index 1 of list or matrix. -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); </syntaxhighlight>This error is a consequence of the evaluation that occurs when using the <code>define</code> operator. In this case, this evaluation results in a reference to the indexed value of a list object that does not exist when evaluation occurs during definition – <code>solve ([eqn], [y])[1]</code>. ==== Memoizing Functions ==== The functions discussed so far are often referred to as '''''ordinary functions'''''. The arguments of ordinary functions are enclosed using parentheses – <var><code>(x₁, x_2, ..., x_n)</code>.</var> Function definition forms which include arguments enclosed by brackets (as in <var><code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n]</code></var>) are called '''''memoizing functions'''''. Memoizing functions can be categorized both as functions and as data structures – specifically a ''hashed array'' of values. Memoizing functions are also referred to as '''''array functions'''''. In any case, memoizing functions can be defined using either the <code>:=</code> operator or the <code>define</code> operator. If the form of the function definition expression is <code>f [x₁, x₂,..., x_n] := expr</code> The function body <code>expr</code> is evaluated once for each individual value of the arguments, and that value is the value of the function, without again evaluating the function body, whenever referenced using arguments that have those same values. Once evaluated during a function reference with arguments, that value of a memoizing function is thereby "frozen" in other words. This frozen value also becomes an instance of a hashed array data structure that can be referenced by way of the value of the index used as an argument when first evaluated. In keeping with previous practice, the examples provided here are intentionally elementary for the purpose of demonstrating and clarifying the technical aspects involved. There is thereby no intention to convey that the composition of function definition expressions with multiple arguments and complex expressions for the function body is ruled out or of lesser practical value. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* define a memoizing function f */ /* x and n may serve as both arguments and array indices */ (%i54) f [x, n] := x^n; (%o54) f[x,n]:=x^n /* check the array information for f */ (%i55) arrayinfo (f); (%o55) [hashed,2] /* f does not appear in the list of functions */ (%i56) functions; (%o56) [m(lineqn)] /* reference f with argument values */ (%i57) f [2,3] ; (%o57) 8 /* check the array information for f again */ (%i58) arrayinfo (f); (%o58) [hashed,2,[2,3]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i59) listarray (f); (%o59) [8] /* f does appear in the list of arrays */ (%i60) arrays; (%o60) [f] /* reference f with new argument values */ (%i61) f [5,2]; (%o61) 25 /* check the array information for f again */ (%i62) arrayinfo (f); (%o62) [hashed,2,[2,3],[5,2]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i63) listarray (f); (%o63) [8,25]</syntaxhighlight>An expression of the form <code>define (f [x1, x2</code><code>,…, xn], expr)</code> may also be used to define the same memoizing function <code>f</code> in this case as the evaluation imposed by the <code>define</code> operator during evaluation of these function arguments and this function body that occurs makes no difference:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* remove the function definition and values of f */ (%i64) remarray (f); (%o64) [f] /* the list of arrays is now empty */ (%i65) arrays; (%o65) [] /* define the same memoizing function f using the define operator */ /* evaluation makes no difference to the definition of f in this case */ (%i66) define (f [x,n], x^n); (%o66) f[x,n]:=x^n /* reference f with different argument values */ (%i67) f [3, 2]; (%o67) 9 /* reference f again with different argument values */ (%i68) f [2, 5]; (%o68) 32 /* f again appears in the list of arrays */ (%i69) arrays; (%o69) [f] /* check the array information for f */ (%i70) arrayinfo (f); (%o70) [hashed,2,[2,5],[3,2]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i71) listarray (f); (%o71) [32,9] </syntaxhighlight> ===== Special Forms of Memoizing Functions ===== <code>f [x₁, x₂,..., x_n](y₁, y₂,..., y_m):= expr</code> or <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n](y₁, y_2, …, y_m), expr)</code> An expression of the form <code>f [x₁, x₂,..., x_n](y₁, y₂,..., y_m):= expr</code>, or alternatively of the form <code>define (f [x1, x2</code><code>,…, xn](y₁, y₂,..., y_m), expr)</code>, may also be used to define a memoizing function named <code>f</code>. When either of these forms are used to compose a function definition expression, there is a sense in which the resulting function is a hybrid – part memoizing function, and part "ordinary" function. These forms create a hashed array of functions where the array subscripts <code>[x₁, x₂,..., x_n]</code> evaluate immediately to "specialize" the function body, while the ordinary function arguments <code>(y₁, y₂,..., y_m)</code> are used when evaluating these individual functions.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* Define a function for an array of "shifted" power functions */ (%i72) define( p[n](x), x^n + n ); (%o72) p[n](x):=x^n+n (%i73) p[2]; (%o73) lambda([x],x^2+2) (%i74) p[2](5); (%o74) 27 (%i75) p[4]; (%o75) lambda([x],x^4+4) (%i76) p[4](5); (%o76) 629 (%i77) arrayinfo (p); (%o77) [hashed,1,[2],[4]] (%i78) listarray (p) (%o78) [lambda([x],x^2+2),lambda([x],x^4+4)] (%i79) p[5]; (%o79) lambda([x],x^5+5) (%i80) p[5](2); (%o80) 37 (%i81) listarray (p); (%o81) [lambda([x],x^2+2),lambda([x],x^4+4),lambda([x],x^5+5)] (%i82) arrayinfo (p); (%o82) [hashed,1,[2],[4],[5]]</syntaxhighlight>'''Explanation of the code example:''' '''1. Defining the memoizing function:''' The expression composed using the <code>define</code> operator has a value that defines a special form of a memoizing function. The value of this defining expression serves as a "template" for indexed values of a hashed array – <code>p[n]</code>. '''2. The value of array instances:''' Applying the defined function <code>p</code> to an expression enclosed only with brackets for the argument identified as <code>n</code>, returns a value that is a <code>lambda</code> expression, and that is an indexed instance of a hashed array. The identifier <code>n</code> serves as both as an argument of the function body and as an index of the hashed array in this case. <code>lambda</code> expressions are sometimes referred to as ''anonymous'', ''ad hoc'', or ''throw-away''. The technical details of <code>lambda</code> expressions are explained in a following section. '''3. Evaluating the memoizing functions with arguments:''' The argument identified as <code>x</code> in parentheses serves only as part of the composition of the function body of the indexed <code>lambda</code> expressions of the hashed array <code>p</code> when referenced by some expression in parentheses. This form of the composition of a Maxima memoizing function is useful to create an array of unique <code>lambda</code> expressions where the composition of each individual expression depends explicitly on the structural indices of the array that are used. This form in general can be composed using more than one argument for index values enclosed in brackets, as well more than one evaluation argument enclosed in parentheses. The number of each type of argument need not be the same. For example, in a defining expression of the form: <code>f [x₁, x₂,..., x_n](y₁, y₂,..., y_m):= expr</code>, that <math display="inline">n = m</math> is true, is not necessary. The operator <code>:=</code> can also be used to define this type of memoizing function:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* index values can be expressions */ (%i83) p [2*x]; (%o83) lambda([x],x^(2*x)+2*x) (%i84) p [2*x](4); (%o84) 65544 /* a memoizing function definition with multiple arguments */ (%i85) p2 [m, n](x, y) := x^n + y^m + (m+n); (%o85) p2[m,n](x,y):=x^n+y^m+(m+n) /* this expression creates the first indexed value of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i86) p2 [2, 2]; (%o86) lambda([x,y],y^2+x^2+4) /* this expression has a value of 17 for values of the arguments (2, 3) for the first indexed values of [2, 2] of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i87) p2 [2, 2](2,3); (%o87) 17 /* this expression creates the second indexed value of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i88) p2 [3, 4]; (%o88) lambda([x,y],y^3+x^4+7) /* this expression has a value of 213 for values of the arguments (3, 5) for the second indexed values of [3, 4] of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i89) p2 [3, 4](3, 5); (%o89) 213 (%i90) arrayinfo (p2); (%o90) [hashed,2,[2,2],[3,4]] (%i91) arrayinfo (p); (%o91) [hashed,1,[2],[4],[5],[2*x]] /* another memoizing function definition with multiple arguments and where n is not erqual to m */ (%i92) p3 [i, j](x, y, z) := x^i * y^j * z^j; (%o92) p3[i,j](x,y,z):=x^i*y^j*z^j (%i93) p3 [3,4]; (%o93) lambda([x,y,z],x^3*y^4*z^4) (%i94) p3 [3, 4] (2, 3, 4); (%o94) 165888 (%i95) arrayinfo (p3); (%o95) [hashed,2,[3,4]] (%i96) arrays; (%o96) [p,p2,p3] (%i97) listarray (p3); (%o97) [lambda([x,y,z],x^3*y^4*z^4)] </syntaxhighlight> ===== More Special Forms of Memoizing Functions Using the <code>define</code> Operator ===== <code>define (funmake (f, [x₁, x_2,…, x_n]), expr)</code> or <code>define (arraymake (f, [x₁, x_2,…, x_n]), expr)</code> or <code>define (ev (expr₁, expr₂))</code> ==== Lambda Expressions ==== ==== Macros – <code>::=</code> and <code>buildq</code> Operators ==== In the Maxima Computer Algebra System (CAS), a '''''macro''''' is a special type of function that manipulates the structure of an expression before it is evaluated. The Maxima Manual describes ''macros''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maxima Manual - Operator ::= |url=https://maxima.sourceforge.io/docs/manual/Operators.html#index-_003a_003a_003d |url-status=live}}</ref> as follows: ''"Macro function definition operator.'' <code>::=</code> ''defines a function (called a "macro" for historical reasons) which quotes its arguments, and the expression which it returns (called the "macro expansion") is evaluated in the context from which the macro was called. A macro function is otherwise the same as an ordinary function."'' {| class="wikitable" |+Macro Operators and Identifiers |<code>::=</code> |<code>macroexpand</code> |<code>macros</code> |<code>splice</code> |- |<code>fundef</code> | <code>dispfun</code> | <code>buildq</code> | |- |<code>remfunction</code> |<code>kill</code> |<code>remove</code> | |}While ordinary Maxima functions evaluate their arguments immediately when referenced, a ''macro'' quotes its arguments. It treats those arguments as raw, not evaluated expression blocks, ''transforms'' them mathematically or syntactically, and then <code>evaluates</code> the newly generated code. Because Maxima is written in and inherits the semantics of Common Lisp, its macro system acts similarly to Lisp macros, functioning essentially as a programmable compiler extension. Key Mechanics of a Maxima Macro * '''Definition Operator (<code>::</code>=):''' You define a macro using the <code>::=</code> operator instead of the ordinary function definition operator (<code>:=</code>). * '''The Global <code>macros</code> List:''' Every time you create a macro, Maxima automatically tracks it by appending it to a global information list called <code>macros</code>. * '''Macro Expansion:''' When a macro is invoked, Maxima executes a process called ''expansion''. The macro code runs to generate a new Maxima expression, and then Maxima evaluates that final output expression. ====== Some Reasons to Use a Macro Instead of a Function: ====== Ordinary functions cannot control how or when arguments are evaluated. Macros are a good choice for: # '''Evaluation Control:''' Preventing an expression from being evaluated until specific conditional statements are checked. # '''Meta-programming:''' Writing clean, shorthand code that automatically generates longer, repetitive mathematical boilerplate expressions "under the hood" so to speak. # '''Context Manipulation:''' Altering identifiers inside the environment where referenced rather than within a closed, localized function scope. ====== Example: Function vs. Macro ====== <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* an ordinary function definition expression */ (%i98) a_function (expr) := print( "The expression is: ", expr)$ (%i99) x : 5; (x) 5 /* An ordinary function evaluates arguments when referenced */ (%i100) a_function (x + 2)$ The expression is: 7 /* This expression has the same value as the above */ (%i101) a_function (expr : x + 2)$ The expression is: 7 /* A macro quotes its arguments and controls execution */ (%i102) a_macro (expr) ::= buildq ( [expr], print ("The expression is: ", 'expr) )$ (%i103) a_macro (x + 2); The expression is: x+2 (%o103) x+2 (%i104) a_macro (expr : x + 2); The expression is: expr:x+2 (%o104) expr:x+2 /* a macro function expression does not evaluate the argument */ (%i105) a_macro (expr : 2); The expression is: expr:2 (%o105) expr:2 /* the macros identifier lists defined macros */ (%i106) macros; (%o106) [a_macro(expr)] </syntaxhighlight>To "quote" ( <code>'</code> ) an expression is to suppress evaluation. The above example provides some insight into the value of the argument that a function references compared to the value of the argument that a macro references. Maxima macros (and Lisp as well) are an example of the fact that expressions can be used as data – which is referred to as '''''homoiconicity'''''. The typical purpose of using macros is to reference expressions as arguments and have as a value of the macro a different expression, which has been evaluated instead. To understand the difference, consider how a function and a macro handle a identifier named <code>x</code>: * If <code>a_function(x + 2)</code> is referenced when <code>x</code> has been previously assigned a value of <code>5</code>, the function immediately receives <code>7</code> as the value of the argument expression. * If <code>a_macro(x + 2)</code>, is referenced the macro receives the exact symbolic structure <code>x + 2</code> as the value of the argument expression without evaluating it first, allowing manipulation of the literal algebraic format. Expression templates like <code>buildq</code> are frequently used inside macros to compose new mathematical expressions. On the surface, a macro functions does not appear to be different than an ordinary function – both are expressions that have values if referenced using arguments. The difference involves the point in the processing of the expression as to what is evaluated when referenced and when. In short, The ordinary function processes evaluated arguments while the macro uses unevaluated arguments to reshape the process of composing the returned value. ====== Two Other Simple Examples ====== Simple macros are typically used to create shorthand syntax, control evaluation, or mimic standard programming constructs like in-place modification. '''Example''' '''1: In-place Increment''' In Maxima, there is no built-in <code>x++</code> or <code>x : x + 1</code> when <code>x</code> is referenced as an argument of an ordinary function. Using a macro, an identifier can be referenced as an argument without evaluating it, modify it, and then reassign it.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* macro definition expression */ (%i107) incm (var) ::= buildq ([var], var : var + 1); (%o108) incm(var)::=buildq([var],var:var+1) /* Usage */ (%i109) x : 10; (x) 10 (%i110) incm (x); (%o110) 11 /* x is now 11 */ (%i111) x; (%o111) 11</syntaxhighlight>An ordinary function would evaluate <code>x</code> to <code>10</code> immediately, passing the number <code>10</code> to the function. Consequently, an ordinary function cannot assign a new value to the raw identifier <code>x</code>.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* function definition expression */ (%i112) incf(var) := buildq([var], var : var + 1); (%o112) incf(var):=buildq([var],var:var+1) (%i113) incf (x); (%o113) 11:12 /* x is still 11 */ (%i114) x; (%o114) 11</syntaxhighlight>'''Example 2: Unless Conditional''' <code>(unless_then)</code> A macro for a custom control flow that evaluates a body of expressions only if a condition is <code>false</code>.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* definition expression for the macro */ (%i115) unless_then(cond, body) ::= buildq([cond, body], if not cond then body)$ /* usage */ (%i115) is_raining : false; (is_raining) false (%i116) unless_then(is_raining, print("Let's go for a walk!"))$ Let's go for a walk! </syntaxhighlight> ====== Some Complex Macro Examples ====== Complex macros often use <code>buildq</code> (build quotation) alongside loop structures to dynamically generate heavily nested code, unroll repetitive operations, or create entirely new domain-specific syntax. '''Example 1: Parallel Assignment''' <code>(psetq)</code> This macro mimics parallel assignment as in Lisp. It takes a list of identifiers and a list of values, evaluating all values first before assigning them to prevent identifiers from overwriting each other mid-process (useful for swapping identifiers).<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i117) psetq ([args]) ::= block ( [len, vars, vals, gensyms, assignments, final_assigns], len : length (args), if oddp (len) then error ("psetq requires an even number of arguments"), /* Separate variables and expressions */ vars : makelist (args[i], i, 1, len, 2), vals : makelist (args[i], i, 2, len, 2), /* Create unique temporary identifiers to hold the evaluated values safely */ gensyms : makelist (gensym (), i, 1, length (vars)), /* 1. Evaluate expressions into temporary identifiers */ assignments : makelist (buildq ([g: gensyms[i], v: vals[i]], g: v), i, 1, length (vars) ), /* 2. Assign temporary identifiers back to target identifiers */ final_assigns : makelist (buildq([v : vars[i], g : gensyms[i]], v : g), i, 1, length (vars)), /* Return a block containing both steps sequentially */ buildq ([assignments, final_assigns], block ( splice (assignments), splice (final_assigns) ) ) )$ (%i118) x : 5$ (%i119) y : 10$ (%i120) psetq(x, y, y, x)$ (%i121) print("x =", x, "y =", y)$ "x ="5"y ="10 </syntaxhighlight>Key Concept: <code>splice</code> is used here inside <code>buildq</code> to unpack the list of generated assignment expressions directly into the <code>block(...)</code> expression so it executes as raw, flat sequential code. '''Example 2: Memoized Timing Wrapper''' <code>(time_and_cache)</code> This macro wraps an "expensive" mathematical calculation. It checks if a global cache has the result; if not, it prints a timing message, computes the result, saves the result to a hashed array, and returns the value.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i122) time_and_cache (cache_name, key, expr) ::= buildq ( [cache_name, key, expr], block ( [cached_val], cached_val : cache_name[key], if cached_val # false then ( print("Cache Hit!"), cached_val ) else ( print ("Cache Miss. Computing..."), block ( [start_t, result], start_t : absolute_real_time(), result : expr, print("Elapsed time:", absolute_real_time() - start_t, "seconds"), cache_name[key] : result, result ) ) ) )$ (%i123) time_and_cache (my_cache, "heavy_sum", sum (k^2, k, 1, 100000)); Cache Miss. Computing... Elapsed time:"0"seconds (%o123) 333338333350000 (%i124) time_and_cache (my_cache, "heavy_sum", sum (k^2, k, 1, 100000)); Cache Hit! (%o124) 333338333350000 </syntaxhighlight>'''Core Macro Operators:''' As the need for relatively more complex macros arises, users will likely find that the following three operators are useful: 1. <code>buildq([substitutions], expression)</code>: Safely substitutes identifiers into a quoted expression template. 2. <code>splice(list)</code>: Flattens a list within a <code>buildq</code> template, removing the outer list bracket tags. 3. <code>gensym()</code>: Generates a completely unique identifier name (e.g., g1234) to prevent macro internal variables from inadvertently conflicting with identifiers of the main program. ==== Optional Arguments ==== Maxima functions can be defined with optional arguments. In Maxima, enclosing an argument in square brackets in a function definition, like f([args]) := ..., allows the function to accept an arbitrary number of arguments. The variable inside the brackets is bound to a Maxima list containing all passed arguments.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i1) f(x,[y]):=(disp(sconcat(length(y)," optional arguments")),x); (%o1) f(x,[y]) := (disp (sconcat (length(y), " optional arguments") ) ,x) (%i2) f(a); "0 optional arguments" (%o2) a (%i3) f(a,1,2,3); "3 optional arguments" (%o3) a (%i4) g([y]):=(disp(sconcat(length(y)," optional arguments")),y); (%o4) g([y]):=(disp(sconcat(length(y)," optional arguments")),y) (%i5) g(1,2,3); "3 optional arguments" (%o5) [1,2,3] (%i6) g(x^2,y^2,z^2); "3 optional arguments" (%o6) [x^2,y^2,z^2] (%i12) h(c, [vars]):=(disp(sconcat(length(vars)," optional arguments")),[vars, c]); (%o12) h(c,[vars]):=(disp(sconcat(length(vars)," optional arguments")),[vars,c]) (%i13) h (6, x,y,z); "3 optional arguments" (%o13) [[x,y,z],6] </syntaxhighlight> === Conditional Expressions – Special Operator <code>if</code> === === Expressions for Iteration – Special Operator <code>do</code> === The special operator <code>do</code> is used to compose expressions for iteration. It is typically used with the following other special operators: * <code>while</code> * <code>unless</code> * <code>for</code> * <code>from</code> * <code>thru</code> * <code>step</code> * <code>next</code> * <code>in</code> The general forms of <code>do</code> expressions Maxima supports are: <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>thru</code> limit <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>while</code> condition <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>unless</code> condition <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> list <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> expr <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> hash_table <code>do</code> body === Lisp and Maxima === {{BookCat}} aykbgp6rtk7swpqq0spwcymfxn645z4 4680842 4680802 2026-11-08T04:21:21Z Idavidmiller 3577687 /* Some Complex Macro Examples */ Work in progress. Saving Changes. 4680842 wikitext text/x-wiki =Maxima Programming= Although Maxima is not a general-purpose programming language, Maxima as a CAS includes among the built-in ingredients a relatively complete set of programming expressions that are useful for the intended context. Many of the code examples of this section are intended to be illustrative of technical details relevant to Maxima programming as their purpose, and consequently are intentionally elementary in character. Learning any sort of programming language, including Maxima programming expressions, is a subjective process. In any case, it is essential to have enough technical know-how specific to the programming language in order to begin the learning process, even in cases where much positive transfer from other programming experience is involved. Much can be accomplished mathematically using Maxima without having to resort to in-depth knowledge and proficiency in the technical details of Maxima programming expressions. However, Maxima programming expressions are frequently essential for the purpose of defining functions, both in the programming sense of the term, but also more relevantly, for the mathematical sense. For that reason alone, familiarity and sufficient proficiency with Maxima programming expressions should be given some attention. One way to begin the learning process is to become familiar with enough of the programming essentials to accomplish independent efforts toward accomplishing some specific programming goal of interest. The other way is to study the many available programming expressions of others. This section is intended to provide the essentials toward learning by whatever means are chosen. The following table shows some built-in ingredients related to Maxima programming expressions: {| class="wikitable" |+Maxima Programming Category |if |unless |errcatch |prederror |- |block |for |error |return |- |catch |from |warning |throw |- |local |thru |errormsg |sstatus |- |garbage_collect |step |errormsg |status |- |do |next |go | |- |while |in | | |} Some of these programming expression ingredients can also be considered as belonging to one or more other categories than the Programming category. === Block Expressions === Arguably, the first expressions to consider in the context of Maxima programming are '''''block''''' expressions. All <code>block</code> expressions as programming ingredients come in two flavors: * <code>( expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n )</code> * <code>block ([v₁,v_2,…,v_m], expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n)</code> The first form of a <code>block</code> expression is equivalent to the second form, but without the first list argument: <code>[v₁,v_2,…,v_m]</code>, as in <code>block (expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code>, unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the block expression. In that, case the form <code>block (expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n)</code> must be used. It should be noted that for Maxima to interpret of the syntax of the first of these forms as a block operator, there must be at least two expressions in the comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. Otherwise, Maxima will interpret the parentheses of this syntax as simply grouping related to the precedence order of operations. The purpose of the list argument, <code>[v₁,v_2,…,v_m]</code> is to declare the values of identifiers of the list to be local to the <code>block</code>. If there is no need for local identifiers, the list argument can be omitted (unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the <code>block</code> expression), and either form is sufficient.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* This block expression */ (%i1) (x : 2, x^2); (%o1) 4 /* Is equivalent to this block expression */ (%i2) block (x : 2, x^2); (%o2) 4</syntaxhighlight>So, in the case where values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> of expressions are not required, then the choice of either form of the <code>block</code> expression is a matter of user preference. In both cases, the values of identifiers referenced in the <code>block</code> are global, and not local to the <code>block</code> expression. However, for the sake of clarity and consistency use of the latter form may be a better choice. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* The value 3 assigned to x is global */ (%i3) x : 3; (x) 3 /* The value 2 assigned to x in the block is global */ (%i4) (x : 2, x^2); (%o4) 4 /* The global value assigned to x in the block is 2 not 3 */ (%i5) x; (%o5) 2 </syntaxhighlight>Values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> may not be global:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* the value of identifier y is local only */ (%i6) block ([y], y : 4, y); (%o6) 4 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i7) y; (%o7) y /* the values of identifiers x and y are both local */ (%i8) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x); (%o8) 3 /* the global value of identifier x is not 3, but is 2 */ (%i9) x; (%o9) 2 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i10) y; (%o10) y</syntaxhighlight> Regardless of the form of the <code>block</code> expressions these have in common the comma-separated expression arguments <code>expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code> which are evaluated each in turn from first to last (unless the evaluation sequence is modified by by the <code>go</code>, <code>throw</code>, or <code>return</code> operators), and the value of the block expression is the value of <code>expr_n</code>. The main purpose of the <code>block</code> expression, regardless of the form, is to group expressions that are related in some manner, and the value of the last expression may be the only value of interest. However, there are very few limitations imposed on the nature of the <code>block</code> expression arguments, so it might be the case that the purpose of evaluating the <code>block</code> expression has been achieved before the last expression argument is evaluated, in which case the value of the <code>block</code> expression may not necessarily be the value of the last argument expression. One way to accomplish that is to use an empty string as the last argument expression with the option flag <code>stringdisp</code> set to <code>false</code> which is the default value.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i11) stringdisp; (%o11) false (%i12) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x, ""); (%o12) (%i13) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x)$ </syntaxhighlight> The display of the value of the <code>block</code> expression may be suppressed using a <code>$</code> to end the input expression instead of a semi-colon. Either technique produces a <code>block</code> expression value, but the value is not displayed. If a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated as a argument expression, this will cause evaluation of expression arguments to end explicitly, and the value of the <code>return</code> operator becomes the value of the <code>block</code> expression.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i14) is (equal (x, 2)); (%o14) true %i15) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), " x not 2"); (%o15) 2 (%i16) x : 3; (x) 3 (%i17) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), "x not 2"); (%o17) x not 2 </syntaxhighlight>When a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated within a <code>block</code> expression the result is to stop evaluation of expressions within the enclosing <code>block</code> expression and to return the value of its argument as the value of the enclosing <code>block</code> expression. It therefore can be compared with the <code>return</code> statement found in other programming languages, but with one difference: In Maxima, the <code>return</code> operator affects only the block expression in which the <code>return</code> operator is an expression, and has no effect otherwise.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i18) test_nested_block (val) := block ( [outer_var : 10], print("Entering outer block expression"), /* inner block expression */ block( [inner_var : 20], print (" Entering inner block expression"), if val > 5 then /* another inner block expression */ block ( print (" val > 5"), print (" Returning only to inner block expression"), return (inner_var + val) /* returns only to the inner block expression */ ), /* end of another inner block expression */ print (" inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val) ), /* end of inner block expression */ print ("Back in outer block expression"), outer_var + val /* end of outer block expression */ )$ (%i19) test_nested_block (1); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression inner_var + val is 21 Back in outer block expression (%o19) 11 (%i20) test_nested_block (6); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression val > 5 Returning only to inner block expression Back in outer block expression (%o20) 16</syntaxhighlight> '''''The <code>block</code> operators''''': Each instance may define local variables and has a comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. '''''Nested blocks''''': There are three <code>block</code> operators used in the right-hand side of the function definition expression named <code>test_nested_block (val</code>. There is an outer <code>block</code> expression that has an inner <code>block</code> expression as an argument,and there is a third <code>block</code> expression that is an argument of the inner <code>block</code> expression. '''''The <code>return</code> operator''''': If <code>val > 5</code> is <code>true</code> then the return operator of the most inner <code>block</code> expression is evaluated and evaluation of remaining expressions of that block expression does not occur. The value of that most inner <code>block</code> expression is the value of the argument of the return operator – <code>inner_var + val</code>. Evaluation of expressions continues with the first expression of the inner <code>block</code> expression after the end of the most inner <code>block</code> expression – which is <code>print ("   inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val)</code>. The value of the <code>print</code> operator is the value of <code>inner_var + val</code>. However, while that value is the value of the inner <code>block</code> expression it is effectively lost, as it is not the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> sequence of expressions. That value is the value of <code>outer_var + val</code>, which, being the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> is always the value of the function. ==== Block Expression Evaluation Sequence Modifications ==== <code>block</code> expression arguments <code>expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code> are generally evaluated each in turn from first to last, and the value of the <code>block</code> expression is the value of <code>expr_n</code> unless this sequence is modified by some means. One way to modify the first-to-last expression evaluation sequence of a <code>block</code> expression is by way of a <code>go</code> operator with a ''label'' (or ''"tag"'') argument ( the ''"go to"'') as the following exemplifies:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i18) sum_to_n (n) := block ( [i : 1, total : 0], loop, total : total + i, i : i + 1, if i <= n then go (loop), total)$ (%i19) sum_to_n(25); (%o19) 325 (%i20) n; (%o20) n (%i21) i; (%o21) i (%i22) total; (%o22) total </syntaxhighlight> Note the following: * <code>'''block ([ i : 1,total : 0], ...)'''</code>: The list argument creates a local environment with local identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code>. The function argument <code>n</code> is also a local identifier. * <code>'''loop'''</code>: This label serves as a target inside the <code>block</code> expression to where <code>go (loop)</code> can jump. * <code>'''if i <= n then go (loop)'''</code>: This conditional expression causes the <code>go (loop)</code> operator to be evaluated if the condition is <code>true</code>. * <code>'''total'''</code>: The value of this local identifier is the returned value of the <code>block</code> expression. It should also be worth noting that the identifiers <code>n</code>, <code>i</code>, and <code>total</code> have local values assigned within the <code>block</code> expression, but their global values are themselves. Also notice that the identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code> were both declared local and assigned initial values within the <code>block</code> list argument. The ''go-to'' label argument of the <code>go</code> operator must be the name of a tag appearing within the same block expression. The <code>go</code> operator cannot be used to go to a tag in a different <code>block</code> expression. There is nothing special about the <code>loop</code> identifier name used for the go-to tag in this example. Other identifiers could be used, but they must be atomic. Another way to modify a <code>block</code> expression evaluation sequence is by way of the <code>throw</code> operator.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i32) /* Define a function using a block expression that searches for a specific condition and a throw value to catch */ find_element (target_list, threshold) := block ( [found_val : false], /* local identifier value */ catch( for x in target_list do ( if x > threshold then ( /* Immediately exit the block and return this value */ throw (x) ) ), /* This string is returned only if the do loop finishes without a throw to catch */ "No element exceeded the threshold" ) )$ (%i31) /* Test the block */ find_element ( [10, 20, 55, 80], 50 ); (%o31) 55</syntaxhighlight>This example unpacks as follows: <code>'''catch (...)'''</code>: This expression creates a target scope that ''"catches"'' the value of any <code>throw</code> expression evaluated within that scope. <code>'''throw (x)'''</code>: When Maxima encounters this operator, it immediately stops evaluation of the <code>do</code> loop expression '''''and the rest of the''''' <code>block</code> '''''expression.''''' It jumps directly out of the scope of the <code>catch</code> expression, returning the value of <code>x</code> as the value of the entire <code>catch</code> expression. ==== Nested Block Expressions ==== <code>block</code> operators may appear within other block expressions as arguments – '''''nested''''' <code>block</code> expressions. A local environment with local identifiers may be created for nested block expressions. Local values for identifiers, if declared by a first <code>block</code> operator list argument, are created each time a nested <code>block</code> is evaluated. However, identifiers with global values that have not been declared as local within any <code>block</code> expressions, are global values for nested <code>block</code> expressions as well as enclosing <code>block</code> expressions. Likewise, local identifiers of any enclosing <code>block</code> expression have values that are global within any enclosed blocks, if not declared as local within the enclosed block. If the value of an identifier is not local in a <code>block</code> expression, its value is the value most recently assigned by an enclosing <code>block</code> expression, if any value has been assigned. Otherwise, it is the value of the identifier in the global environment. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) z : 2^(1/3); (z) 2^(1/3) (%i24) /* Outer block starts */ block ( [x : 10, y : 20], /* values of x and y declared local to outer block */ /* Inner block starts */ block ( [y : 99, z : 100], /* values of y and z declared local to inner block */ print ("Inside inner block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the local value of y of outer block"), print("z =", z, "is the local value of z of inner block") ), /* Inner block ends */ /* Outer block resumes */ print ("Back in outer block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the restored value of y of the outer block"), print ("z =", z, "is the value of z global to both blocks") /* Outer block ends */ )$ Inside inner block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 99 is the local value of y of outer block z = 100 is the local value of z of inner block Back in outer block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 20 is the restored value of y of the outer block z = 2^(1/3) is the value of z global to both blocks </syntaxhighlight> ==== Values, Properties, and the <code>local</code> Operator ==== The expression <code>local (v₁, v₂, ... , v_m)</code> within a <code>block</code> expression saves the '''''properties''''' associated with the symbols <code>v₁, v₂, ... , v_m</code>, removes any properties before evaluating other expressions, and restores any saved properties on exit from the block. Because Maxima is an application based on the Common Lisp programming language, it utilizes Lisp '''''symbol''''' structure. Lisp symbols are objects that carry their own "dictionary" of attributes. A Lisp symbol's internal property list (''plist'') is a built-in data structure attached directly to a symbol. Maxima uses this underlying Lisp symbol structure to associate '''''properties''''' with Maxima identifiers. Properties of identifiers can be ''declared explicitly'' by users. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) declare (x, real); (%o23) done </syntaxhighlight> However, some identifier property declarations are ''implemented implicitly'' as properties of a symbol, including <code>:=</code>, <code>array</code>, <code>dependencies</code>, <code>atvalue</code>, <code>matchdeclare</code>, <code>atomgrad</code>, <code>constant</code>, <code>nonscalar</code>, <code>assume</code>, and some others. Below is a description of how each of those specific declarations is implemented as a property under the hood: ====== Functions and Arrays ====== * '''<code>:=</code> (Function Definition):''' When you define a function using <code>f(x) := x^2</code>, the actual expression (<code>x^2</code>) and its argument list (<code>x</code>) are stored as a property of the symbol <code>f</code>. * '''<code>array</code>:''' When you declare or use a subscripted array (like <code>a[i]</code>), the array type, dimensions, and memory pointer are attached as a property to the symbol <code>a</code>. This differentiates it from a standard scalar variable. ====== Calculus and Dependencies ====== * '''<code>dependencies</code>:''' If you declare <code>depends(y, x)</code>, Maxima attaches a dependency list property to <code>y</code> noting that it functionally depends on <code>x</code>. This tells the <code>diff</code> (differentiation) engine not to treat <code>y</code> as a constant relative to <code>x</code>. * '''<code>atvalue</code>:''' When you define a specific value for an expression at a boundary point (e.g., <code>atvalue(y, x=0, 1)</code>), this boundary constraint is stored as an evaluation property on the symbol <code>y</code>. * '''<code>atomgrad</code>:''' This assigns a specific gradient or derivative to an atomic identifier (e.g., telling Maxima what (df/dx) is explicitly). Maxima saves this rule as a gradient property on that symbol. ====== Pattern Matching and Rules ====== * '''<code>matchdeclare</code>:''' Used in Maxima's pattern-matching system (like <code>tellsimp</code>). When you type <code>matchdeclare(x, freeof(a))</code>, Maxima attaches a predicate property to <code>x</code>. When a pattern rule runs, Maxima looks at property list of <code>x</code> to see what conditions a matching expression must meet. ====== Mathematical and Evaluation Attributes ====== * '''<code>constant</code>:''' Declaring <code>declare(c, constant)</code> places a "constant" flag on property list of <code>c</code>. Core routines (like integration and differentiation) check this flag to know they can pull <code>c</code> out of integrals or differentiate it to zero. * '''<code>nonscalar</code>:''' Tells Maxima to treat a symbol as a matrix or vector rather than a regular number. This property changes how operators like <code>.</code> (non-commutative multiplication) treat the symbol. * '''<code>assume</code>:''' When an expression such as <code>assume(x > 0)</code> is used, Maxima's database system (<code>context</code>) assigns facts and properties (like <code>pos</code> or <code>nonnegative</code>) to the symbol <code>x</code>, allowing the simplifier to safely reduce expressions like <code>sqrt(x^2)</code> to <code>x</code>. The effect of the <code>local</code> operator is to make such declarations effective only within a <code>block</code> expression. Otherwise, declarations within a <code>block</code> expression are considered to be global declarations. So what does all of this mean to the typical Maxima user? It means that the list of identifiers that is the first argument of a <code>block</code> expression only declares the '''''values''''' of those identifiers as local to the <code>block</code> expression in which the list is an argument. Any properties of identifiers are not declared local by this means. In order to declare '''''properties''''' of identifiers to be local to a <code>block</code> expression, the <code>local</code> operator must be used as an expression within the <code>block</code> expression. At the point where the local operator is evaluated as an argument of a <code>block</code> expression, the properties of the identifiers that are arguments to the <code>local</code> operator become local to the block. It is not an unfair criticism that perhaps the <code>local</code> operator should have been named something like <code>local_properties</code>. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i25) f (s) := cos (s); (%o25) f(s):=cos(s) (%i26) f (%pi/6); (%o26) sqrt(3)/2 (%i27) block (local (f), f (s) := sin (s), f (%pi/6)); (%o27) 1/2 (%i28) f (s); (%o28) cos(s) </syntaxhighlight>In the above example, the '''''properties''''' of identifier <code>f</code> were declared to be local in the <code>block</code> expression using the <code>local</code> operator. However, global properties of the identifier <code>f</code> were not affected by the local function definition of <code>f</code> in the <code>block</code> expression. The global definition expression of <code>f</code> which is <code>cos (s)</code> and the argument <code>s</code> were not affected by the local definition of <code>f</code> because the properties of <code>f</code> were declared local to the <code>block</code> expression. <code>block</code> expressions can be used for different purposes in the Maxima programming context. <code>block</code> expressions can be used in a stand-alone fashion or as part of an expression. However, <code>block</code> expressions are commonly used in expressions that define '''''functions''''', which is the topic that follows. === Functions === {| class="wikitable" |+Function Definition Operators and Identifiers |<code>:=</code> |<code>fundef</code> |<code>buildq</code> |- |<code>::=</code> |<code>lambda</code> |<code>macros</code> |- |<code>define</code> |<code>local</code> |<code>slice</code> |- |<code>dispfun</code> |<code>remfunction</code> | |- |<code>functions</code> |<code>setup_autoload</code> | |} As a technical term '''''function''''' is aptly characterized as being overloaded. In the context of Maxima as a CAS, it has both a programming meaning and a mathematical meaning in terms of usage. In this book, the convention is to refer to what may otherwise be referred to as built-in Maxima functions as ''operators'' including those of built-in packages. By this convention, the term '''''function''''' in this book refers exclusively to expressions composed by the user by way of the <code>:=</code> or <code>define</code> operators. As has been mentioned elsewhere in this book, what are conventionally termed ''operators'' that are built-in to Maxima, are at the level of underlying expression construction, Lisp procedures of one type or another. So it makes sense to simply refer to built-in Maxima functions and operators simply as operators one and all. This convention obviates the need for the repetitious use of qualifiers such as ''built-in Maxima'' and ''user-defined'' functions. There are two operators used to define functions as follows: # The <code>''''':='''''</code> operator # The <code>'''define'''</code> operator <var><code>f (x₁, x_2, ..., x_n) ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n] ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n](y₁, y₂, ..., y_m) ''':=''' expr</code></var> <code>define (f</code> <code>(x₁, x_2, …, x_n), expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n], expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n](y₁, y_2, …, y_m), expr)</code> <code>define (funmake (f, [</code><code>x₁, x_2, …, x_n]), expr)</code> <code>define (arraymake (f, [</code><code>x₁, x_2, …, x_n]), expr)</code> <code>define (ev (</code><code>expr₁, expr₂))</code> where <code>expr</code> is some Maxima expression that is commonly referred to as the ''function body''. As can be concluded from the above, each of these operators has different forms of syntax that can be used. In any case, the most significant differences between these two operators are in terms of the evaluation of the function body and the composition and identification of functions dynamically. * '''Evaluation:''' ** The <code>:=</code> operator '''suppresses (quotes)''' the evaluation of the function body when this operator is first evaluated. It does not evaluate or simplify the function body until the function identifier itself is evaluated with arguments. ** The <code>define()</code> operator '''evaluates''' the function body when this operator is first evaluated. If the function body involves intermediate computations, substituted values, or extracted parts of expressions (like <code>rhs()</code> or derivative results), the <code>define()</code> operator includes the evaluated results of those directly into the function body. * '''Dynamic Function Composition and Identifiers:''' ** Function identifiers cannot easily be composed dynamically on the left-hand side of the <code>:=</code> operator when used inside programmatic loop expressions or in scripts. ** The <code>define()</code> operator accepts expressions like <code>funmake</code> or evaluated symbols as its first argument, allowing the composition and identification of functions dynamically during evaluation. So, there are in general two different operators that can be used to define and evaluate functions. The choice by the Maxima user between these two operators depends on the purpose and context. ==== Function Definition Using the <code>:=</code> Operator ==== For the purpose of understanding the two ways of defining functions, consider the following example which is elementary, but in terms of clarification is not merely simple:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* "kill" all previously used identifier and values */ (%i29) kill (all); (%o0) done /* assign identifier x the global value of 5 */ (%i1) x : 5; (x) 5 /* define f as a function with local argument x */ (%i2) f (x) := x; (%o2) f(x):=x /* evaluate f at local value of x is 3 */ (%i3) f (3); (%o3) 3 /* the global value of x is not affected */ (%i4) x; (%o4) 5 /* show the definition expression of the function named f */ (%i5) fundef (f); (%o5) f(x):=x</syntaxhighlight>'''Function Definition Using the''' '''<code>define</code> Operator'''<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* define a function with identifier g with a local argument y and with a function body of identifier x */ (%i3) define (g('x), x); (%o3) g(x):=5 /* identifier x of the function body is evaluated */ /* identifier x as an argument of g is local in scope */ (%i4) fundef (g); (%o4) g(x):=5 /* the same identifier x used in three different roles */ /* used as the global name of a function x */ /* used as a local argument of a function */ /* used as an unevaluated expression for a function body */ (%i7) x(x) := x; (%o7) x(x):=x (%i9) x(3); (%o9) 3 (%i10) x; (%o10) 5 (%i8) fundef (x); (%o8) x(x):=x (%i11) define (x('x), x); (%o11) x(x):=5 (%i12) fundef (x); (%o12) x(x):=5 </syntaxhighlight>The purpose of this example is not to encourage this sort of syntax as a typical choice for identifiers and function definitions. The purpose is to clarify how Maxima implicitly determines the scope and meaning of identifiers used for function definition in the absence of any explicit user stipulations. It should be noted that the <code>define</code> operator not only evaluates the expression that is the function body, it also evaluates the arguments of the function identifier that is the first argument of the <code>define</code> operator. Since there is a global value of the identifier <code>x</code> of <code>5</code>, it was necessary to suppress evaluation (quote) the argument in the expression <code>(%i12) define ('x), x);</code> as otherwise an error would be the result:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* define a new function named x */ (%i14) define (x('x), 'x^2); (%o14) x(x):=x^2 /* check the definition of the new function named x */ (%i15) fundef (x); (%o15) x(x):=x^2 /* the identifier x has a global value */ (%i16) values; (%o16) [x] /* the global value of identifier x is 5 */ (%i17) x; (%o17) 5 /* the suppressed global value 'x of identifier x is x */ (%i18) 'x; (%o18) x /* not quoting the global value of identifier x is an error */ (%i19) define (x(x), 'x^2); define: in definition of x, parameter must be a symbol and must not be a system constant; found: 5 -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); </syntaxhighlight> ==== Understanding the Differences Between the <code>:=</code> and <code>define</code> Operators ==== In cases such as these, the suppression of evaluation by quoting is a user stipulation as to evaluation. Users must be aware of these differences between the two operators (<code>:=</code> and <code>define</code>) for the purpose of function definition in order to achieve what is intended and to avoid errors,<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i20) f (x) := 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5; (%o20) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i21) fundef (f); (%o21) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i22) f(2); (%o22) 27 (%i23) define (f (x) , 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5); define: in definition of f, parameter must be a symbol and must not be a system constant; found: 5 -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); (%i24) define (f ('x) , 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5); (%o24) f(x):=390 (%i25) define (f ('x) , '(3*x^3 + 4*x - 5)); (%o25) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i26) fundef (f); (%o26) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i27) f(2); (%o27) 27 </syntaxhighlight>What is true in the case of these elementary examples is true in general for function definitions involving multiple arguments:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* x has a global value of 5 while y is local to g */ (%i28) g (x, y) := x^3 - y^2; (%o28) g(x,y):=x^3-y^2 (%i29) g (6,2); (%o29) 212 (%i30) define (g('x, y), 'x^3 - y^2); (%o30) g(x,y):=x^3-y^2 (%i31) values; (%o31) [x] (%i32) g (6,2); (%o32) 212 </syntaxhighlight>The <code>define</code> operator is a good choice in cases where an existing expression is used as the function body:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i33) /* assign an expression to identifier expr */ expr : diff('x^3, 'x); /* Returns 3*x^2 */ (expr) 3*x^2 (%i34) /* evaluate expr and define h (x) := 3*x^2 */ define (h ('x), expr); (%o34) h(x):=3*x^2 </syntaxhighlight>In cases in which functions require local variables or more than one expression for the function body, use the block operator:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i35) remvalue (x); (%o35) [x] (%i36) values; (%o36) [expr] --> power_sum (x, y) := block ( /* values of these identifiers are explicitly local to the function */ [sqx, sqy], /* unevaluated identifiers x and y are local arguments of the function and values of these identifiers are implicitly local to the function */ sqx : x^2, sqy : y^2, sqx + sqy /* the value of the function */ )$ (%i37) fundef (power_sum); (%o37) power_sum(x,y):=block([sqx,sqy],sqx:x^2,sqy:y^2,sqx+sqy) (%i38) power_sum (3,4); (%o38) 25 </syntaxhighlight>The <code>define</code> operator could also be used to define this function, but with different definition values as a consequence:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i39) define (power_sum (x,y), block ( [sqx,sqy], sqx : x^2, sqy : y^2, sqx + sqy ) )$ (%i40) fundef (power_sum); (%o40) power_sum(x,y):=y^2+x^2 (%i41) power_sum (3,4); (%o41) 25</syntaxhighlight>The function definition of <code>power_sum</code> is different using the <code>define</code> operator instead of the <code>:=</code> operator. The value of the function when referenced with arguments (<code>power_sum (3,4)</code>) is the same in both cases – <code>25</code>. However, in general for defining functions, this may not be the case. The choice between these two operators depends on the intentions of the user. ==== Practical Considerations Related to Function Composition ==== In general, programming is a technical skill as well as a subjective art. So, absolute rules are not offered here. For practical purposes some "guidelines" are offered here that may be useful for Maxima function composition as well as Maxima programming in general: * * * * * Consider the following linear algebraic equation: <math display="block">3y - 7x = 10</math> As an example suppose the value that is sought is the slope <code>m</code> of this equation, and in general, the slope of any linear equation regardless of the form. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* assign the linear equation to an identifier */ (%i42) lineqn : 3*y - 7*x = 10; (lineqn) 3*y-7*x=10 /* solve the linear equation for y */ (%i43) solve([lineqn], [y]) (%o43) [y=(7*x+10)/3] /* use the index [1] of the list to get the solved equation */ (%i44) solve([lineqn], [y])[1] (%o44) y=(7*x+10)/3 /* use the rhs operator to get right-hand side */ (%i45) rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1]); (%o45) (7*x+10)/3 /* use the expand operator change the RHS */ (%i46) expand(rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1])); (%o46) (7*x)/3+10/3 /* use the coeff operator to get the coefficient of x */ (%i47) coeff(expand(rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1])),x,1); (%o47) 7/3 /* define the function with an argument eqn for lineqn */ (%i48) m (eqn) := coeff (expand (rhs (solve ([eqn], [y])[1])),x,1)$ /* check the function definition */ (%i49) fundef (m); (%o49) m(eqn):=coeff(expand(rhs((solve([eqn],[y]))[1])),x,1) /* reference the function using lineqn as an argument */ (%i50) m (lineqn); (%o50) 7/3 /* assign a different linear equation to lineqn */ (%i51) lineqn : x = 6*y + 13; (lineqn) x=6*y+13 /* reference the function using lineqn as an argument */ %i52) m (lineqn); (%o52) 1/6</syntaxhighlight>The function body of this example will result in an error if it is used with the <code>define</code> operator:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i53) define ( m (eqn), coeff (expand (rhs (solve ([eqn], [y])[1])),x,1) )$ inpart: invalid index 1 of list or matrix. -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); </syntaxhighlight>This error is a consequence of the evaluation that occurs when using the <code>define</code> operator. In this case, this evaluation results in a reference to the indexed value of a list object that does not exist when evaluation occurs during definition – <code>solve ([eqn], [y])[1]</code>. ==== Memoizing Functions ==== The functions discussed so far are often referred to as '''''ordinary functions'''''. The arguments of ordinary functions are enclosed using parentheses – <var><code>(x₁, x_2, ..., x_n)</code>.</var> Function definition forms which include arguments enclosed by brackets (as in <var><code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n]</code></var>) are called '''''memoizing functions'''''. Memoizing functions can be categorized both as functions and as data structures – specifically a ''hashed array'' of values. Memoizing functions are also referred to as '''''array functions'''''. In any case, memoizing functions can be defined using either the <code>:=</code> operator or the <code>define</code> operator. If the form of the function definition expression is <code>f [x₁, x₂,..., x_n] := expr</code> The function body <code>expr</code> is evaluated once for each individual value of the arguments, and that value is the value of the function, without again evaluating the function body, whenever referenced using arguments that have those same values. Once evaluated during a function reference with arguments, that value of a memoizing function is thereby "frozen" in other words. This frozen value also becomes an instance of a hashed array data structure that can be referenced by way of the value of the index used as an argument when first evaluated. In keeping with previous practice, the examples provided here are intentionally elementary for the purpose of demonstrating and clarifying the technical aspects involved. There is thereby no intention to convey that the composition of function definition expressions with multiple arguments and complex expressions for the function body is ruled out or of lesser practical value. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* define a memoizing function f */ /* x and n may serve as both arguments and array indices */ (%i54) f [x, n] := x^n; (%o54) f[x,n]:=x^n /* check the array information for f */ (%i55) arrayinfo (f); (%o55) [hashed,2] /* f does not appear in the list of functions */ (%i56) functions; (%o56) [m(lineqn)] /* reference f with argument values */ (%i57) f [2,3] ; (%o57) 8 /* check the array information for f again */ (%i58) arrayinfo (f); (%o58) [hashed,2,[2,3]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i59) listarray (f); (%o59) [8] /* f does appear in the list of arrays */ (%i60) arrays; (%o60) [f] /* reference f with new argument values */ (%i61) f [5,2]; (%o61) 25 /* check the array information for f again */ (%i62) arrayinfo (f); (%o62) [hashed,2,[2,3],[5,2]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i63) listarray (f); (%o63) [8,25]</syntaxhighlight>An expression of the form <code>define (f [x1, x2</code><code>,…, xn], expr)</code> may also be used to define the same memoizing function <code>f</code> in this case as the evaluation imposed by the <code>define</code> operator during evaluation of these function arguments and this function body that occurs makes no difference:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* remove the function definition and values of f */ (%i64) remarray (f); (%o64) [f] /* the list of arrays is now empty */ (%i65) arrays; (%o65) [] /* define the same memoizing function f using the define operator */ /* evaluation makes no difference to the definition of f in this case */ (%i66) define (f [x,n], x^n); (%o66) f[x,n]:=x^n /* reference f with different argument values */ (%i67) f [3, 2]; (%o67) 9 /* reference f again with different argument values */ (%i68) f [2, 5]; (%o68) 32 /* f again appears in the list of arrays */ (%i69) arrays; (%o69) [f] /* check the array information for f */ (%i70) arrayinfo (f); (%o70) [hashed,2,[2,5],[3,2]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i71) listarray (f); (%o71) [32,9] </syntaxhighlight> ===== Special Forms of Memoizing Functions ===== <code>f [x₁, x₂,..., x_n](y₁, y₂,..., y_m):= expr</code> or <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n](y₁, y_2, …, y_m), expr)</code> An expression of the form <code>f [x₁, x₂,..., x_n](y₁, y₂,..., y_m):= expr</code>, or alternatively of the form <code>define (f [x1, x2</code><code>,…, xn](y₁, y₂,..., y_m), expr)</code>, may also be used to define a memoizing function named <code>f</code>. When either of these forms are used to compose a function definition expression, there is a sense in which the resulting function is a hybrid – part memoizing function, and part "ordinary" function. These forms create a hashed array of functions where the array subscripts <code>[x₁, x₂,..., x_n]</code> evaluate immediately to "specialize" the function body, while the ordinary function arguments <code>(y₁, y₂,..., y_m)</code> are used when evaluating these individual functions.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* Define a function for an array of "shifted" power functions */ (%i72) define( p[n](x), x^n + n ); (%o72) p[n](x):=x^n+n (%i73) p[2]; (%o73) lambda([x],x^2+2) (%i74) p[2](5); (%o74) 27 (%i75) p[4]; (%o75) lambda([x],x^4+4) (%i76) p[4](5); (%o76) 629 (%i77) arrayinfo (p); (%o77) [hashed,1,[2],[4]] (%i78) listarray (p) (%o78) [lambda([x],x^2+2),lambda([x],x^4+4)] (%i79) p[5]; (%o79) lambda([x],x^5+5) (%i80) p[5](2); (%o80) 37 (%i81) listarray (p); (%o81) [lambda([x],x^2+2),lambda([x],x^4+4),lambda([x],x^5+5)] (%i82) arrayinfo (p); (%o82) [hashed,1,[2],[4],[5]]</syntaxhighlight>'''Explanation of the code example:''' '''1. Defining the memoizing function:''' The expression composed using the <code>define</code> operator has a value that defines a special form of a memoizing function. The value of this defining expression serves as a "template" for indexed values of a hashed array – <code>p[n]</code>. '''2. The value of array instances:''' Applying the defined function <code>p</code> to an expression enclosed only with brackets for the argument identified as <code>n</code>, returns a value that is a <code>lambda</code> expression, and that is an indexed instance of a hashed array. The identifier <code>n</code> serves as both as an argument of the function body and as an index of the hashed array in this case. <code>lambda</code> expressions are sometimes referred to as ''anonymous'', ''ad hoc'', or ''throw-away''. The technical details of <code>lambda</code> expressions are explained in a following section. '''3. Evaluating the memoizing functions with arguments:''' The argument identified as <code>x</code> in parentheses serves only as part of the composition of the function body of the indexed <code>lambda</code> expressions of the hashed array <code>p</code> when referenced by some expression in parentheses. This form of the composition of a Maxima memoizing function is useful to create an array of unique <code>lambda</code> expressions where the composition of each individual expression depends explicitly on the structural indices of the array that are used. This form in general can be composed using more than one argument for index values enclosed in brackets, as well more than one evaluation argument enclosed in parentheses. The number of each type of argument need not be the same. For example, in a defining expression of the form: <code>f [x₁, x₂,..., x_n](y₁, y₂,..., y_m):= expr</code>, that <math display="inline">n = m</math> is true, is not necessary. The operator <code>:=</code> can also be used to define this type of memoizing function:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* index values can be expressions */ (%i83) p [2*x]; (%o83) lambda([x],x^(2*x)+2*x) (%i84) p [2*x](4); (%o84) 65544 /* a memoizing function definition with multiple arguments */ (%i85) p2 [m, n](x, y) := x^n + y^m + (m+n); (%o85) p2[m,n](x,y):=x^n+y^m+(m+n) /* this expression creates the first indexed value of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i86) p2 [2, 2]; (%o86) lambda([x,y],y^2+x^2+4) /* this expression has a value of 17 for values of the arguments (2, 3) for the first indexed values of [2, 2] of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i87) p2 [2, 2](2,3); (%o87) 17 /* this expression creates the second indexed value of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i88) p2 [3, 4]; (%o88) lambda([x,y],y^3+x^4+7) /* this expression has a value of 213 for values of the arguments (3, 5) for the second indexed values of [3, 4] of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i89) p2 [3, 4](3, 5); (%o89) 213 (%i90) arrayinfo (p2); (%o90) [hashed,2,[2,2],[3,4]] (%i91) arrayinfo (p); (%o91) [hashed,1,[2],[4],[5],[2*x]] /* another memoizing function definition with multiple arguments and where n is not erqual to m */ (%i92) p3 [i, j](x, y, z) := x^i * y^j * z^j; (%o92) p3[i,j](x,y,z):=x^i*y^j*z^j (%i93) p3 [3,4]; (%o93) lambda([x,y,z],x^3*y^4*z^4) (%i94) p3 [3, 4] (2, 3, 4); (%o94) 165888 (%i95) arrayinfo (p3); (%o95) [hashed,2,[3,4]] (%i96) arrays; (%o96) [p,p2,p3] (%i97) listarray (p3); (%o97) [lambda([x,y,z],x^3*y^4*z^4)] </syntaxhighlight> ===== More Special Forms of Memoizing Functions Using the <code>define</code> Operator ===== <code>define (funmake (f, [x₁, x_2,…, x_n]), expr)</code> or <code>define (arraymake (f, [x₁, x_2,…, x_n]), expr)</code> or <code>define (ev (expr₁, expr₂))</code> ==== Lambda Expressions ==== ==== Macros – <code>::=</code> and <code>buildq</code> Operators ==== In the Maxima Computer Algebra System (CAS), a '''''macro''''' is a special type of function that manipulates the structure of an expression before it is evaluated. The Maxima Manual describes ''macros''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maxima Manual - Operator ::= |url=https://maxima.sourceforge.io/docs/manual/Operators.html#index-_003a_003a_003d |url-status=live}}</ref> as follows: ''"Macro function definition operator.'' <code>::=</code> ''defines a function (called a "macro" for historical reasons) which quotes its arguments, and the expression which it returns (called the "macro expansion") is evaluated in the context from which the macro was called. A macro function is otherwise the same as an ordinary function."'' {| class="wikitable" |+Macro Operators and Identifiers |<code>::=</code> |<code>macroexpand</code> |<code>macros</code> |<code>splice</code> |- |<code>fundef</code> | <code>dispfun</code> | <code>buildq</code> | |- |<code>remfunction</code> |<code>kill</code> |<code>remove</code> | |}While ordinary Maxima functions evaluate their arguments immediately when referenced, a ''macro'' quotes its arguments. It treats those arguments as raw, not evaluated expression blocks, ''transforms'' them mathematically or syntactically, and then <code>evaluates</code> the newly generated code. Because Maxima is written in and inherits the semantics of Common Lisp, its macro system acts similarly to Lisp macros, functioning essentially as a programmable compiler extension. Key Mechanics of a Maxima Macro * '''Definition Operator (<code>::</code>=):''' You define a macro using the <code>::=</code> operator instead of the ordinary function definition operator (<code>:=</code>). * '''The Global <code>macros</code> List:''' Every time you create a macro, Maxima automatically tracks it by appending it to a global information list called <code>macros</code>. * '''Macro Expansion:''' When a macro is invoked, Maxima executes a process called ''expansion''. The macro code runs to generate a new Maxima expression, and then Maxima evaluates that final output expression. ====== Some Reasons to Use a Macro Instead of a Function: ====== Ordinary functions cannot control how or when arguments are evaluated. Macros are a good choice for: # '''Evaluation Control:''' Preventing an expression from being evaluated until specific conditional statements are checked. # '''Meta-programming:''' Writing clean, shorthand code that automatically generates longer, repetitive mathematical boilerplate expressions "under the hood" so to speak. # '''Context Manipulation:''' Altering identifiers inside the environment where referenced rather than within a closed, localized function scope. ====== Example: Function vs. Macro ====== <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* an ordinary function definition expression */ (%i98) a_function (expr) := print( "The expression is: ", expr)$ (%i99) x : 5; (x) 5 /* An ordinary function evaluates arguments when referenced */ (%i100) a_function (x + 2)$ The expression is: 7 /* This expression has the same value as the above */ (%i101) a_function (expr : x + 2)$ The expression is: 7 /* A macro quotes its arguments and controls execution */ (%i102) a_macro (expr) ::= buildq ( [expr], print ("The expression is: ", 'expr) )$ (%i103) a_macro (x + 2); The expression is: x+2 (%o103) x+2 (%i104) a_macro (expr : x + 2); The expression is: expr:x+2 (%o104) expr:x+2 /* a macro function expression does not evaluate the argument */ (%i105) a_macro (expr : 2); The expression is: expr:2 (%o105) expr:2 /* the macros identifier lists defined macros */ (%i106) macros; (%o106) [a_macro(expr)] </syntaxhighlight>To "quote" ( <code>'</code> ) an expression is to suppress evaluation. The above example provides some insight into the value of the argument that a function references compared to the value of the argument that a macro references. Maxima macros (and Lisp as well) are an example of the fact that expressions can be used as data – which is referred to as '''''homoiconicity'''''. The typical purpose of using macros is to reference expressions as arguments and have as a value of the macro a different expression, which has been evaluated instead. To understand the difference, consider how a function and a macro handle a identifier named <code>x</code>: * If <code>a_function(x + 2)</code> is referenced when <code>x</code> has been previously assigned a value of <code>5</code>, the function immediately receives <code>7</code> as the value of the argument expression. * If <code>a_macro(x + 2)</code>, is referenced the macro receives the exact symbolic structure <code>x + 2</code> as the value of the argument expression without evaluating it first, allowing manipulation of the literal algebraic format. Expression templates like <code>buildq</code> are frequently used inside macros to compose new mathematical expressions. On the surface, a macro functions does not appear to be different than an ordinary function – both are expressions that have values if referenced using arguments. The difference involves the point in the processing of the expression as to what is evaluated when referenced and when. In short, The ordinary function processes evaluated arguments while the macro uses unevaluated arguments to reshape the process of composing the returned value. ====== Two Other Simple Examples ====== Simple macros are typically used to create shorthand syntax, control evaluation, or mimic standard programming constructs like in-place modification. '''Example''' '''1: In-place Increment''' In Maxima, there is no built-in <code>x++</code> or <code>x : x + 1</code> when <code>x</code> is referenced as an argument of an ordinary function. Using a macro, an identifier can be referenced as an argument without evaluating it, modify it, and then reassign it.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* macro definition expression */ (%i107) incm (var) ::= buildq ([var], var : var + 1); (%o108) incm(var)::=buildq([var],var:var+1) /* Usage */ (%i109) x : 10; (x) 10 (%i110) incm (x); (%o110) 11 /* x is now 11 */ (%i111) x; (%o111) 11</syntaxhighlight>An ordinary function would evaluate <code>x</code> to <code>10</code> immediately, passing the number <code>10</code> to the function. Consequently, an ordinary function cannot assign a new value to the raw identifier <code>x</code>.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* function definition expression */ (%i112) incf(var) := buildq([var], var : var + 1); (%o112) incf(var):=buildq([var],var:var+1) (%i113) incf (x); (%o113) 11:12 /* x is still 11 */ (%i114) x; (%o114) 11</syntaxhighlight>'''Example 2: Unless Conditional''' <code>(unless_then)</code> A macro for a custom control flow that evaluates a body of expressions only if a condition is <code>false</code>.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* definition expression for the macro */ (%i115) unless_then(cond, body) ::= buildq([cond, body], if not cond then body)$ /* usage */ (%i115) is_raining : false; (is_raining) false (%i116) unless_then(is_raining, print("Let's go for a walk!"))$ Let's go for a walk! </syntaxhighlight> ====== Some Complex Macro Examples ====== Complex macros often use <code>buildq</code> (build quotation) alongside loop structures to dynamically generate heavily nested code, unroll repetitive operations, or create entirely new domain-specific syntax. '''Example 1: Parallel Assignment''' <code>(psetq)</code> This macro mimics parallel assignment as in Lisp. It takes a list of identifiers and a list of values, evaluating all values first before assigning them to prevent identifiers from overwriting each other mid-process (useful for swapping identifiers).<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i117) psetq ([args]) ::= block ( [len, vars, vals, gensyms, assignments, final_assigns], len : length (args), if oddp (len) then error ("psetq requires an even number of arguments"), /* Separate variables and expressions */ vars : makelist (args[i], i, 1, len, 2), vals : makelist (args[i], i, 2, len, 2), /* Create unique temporary identifiers to hold the evaluated values safely */ gensyms : makelist (gensym (), i, 1, length (vars)), /* 1. Evaluate expressions into temporary identifiers */ assignments : makelist (buildq ([g: gensyms[i], v: vals[i]], g: v), i, 1, length (vars) ), /* 2. Assign temporary identifiers back to target identifiers */ final_assigns : makelist (buildq([v : vars[i], g : gensyms[i]], v : g), i, 1, length (vars)), /* Return a block containing both steps sequentially */ buildq ([assignments, final_assigns], block ( splice (assignments), splice (final_assigns) ) ) )$ (%i118) x : 5$ (%i119) y : 10$ (%i120) psetq(x, y, y, x)$ (%i121) print("x =", x, "y =", y)$ "x ="5"y ="10 </syntaxhighlight>Key Concept: <code>splice</code> is used here inside <code>buildq</code> to unpack the list of generated assignment expressions directly into the <code>block(...)</code> expression so it executes as raw, flat sequential code. '''Example 2: Memoized Timing Wrapper''' <code>(time_and_cache)</code> This macro wraps an "expensive" mathematical calculation. It checks if a global cache has the result; if not, it prints a timing message, computes the result, saves the result to a hashed array, and returns the value.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i122) time_and_cache (cache_name, key, expr) ::= buildq ( [cache_name, key, expr], block ( [cached_val], cached_val : cache_name[key], if cached_val # false then ( print("Cache Hit!"), cached_val ) else ( print ("Cache Miss. Computing..."), block ( [start_t, result], start_t : absolute_real_time(), result : expr, print("Elapsed time:", absolute_real_time() - start_t, "seconds"), cache_name[key] : result, result ) ) ) )$ (%i123) time_and_cache (my_cache, "heavy_sum", sum (k^2, k, 1, 100000)); Cache Miss. Computing... Elapsed time:"0"seconds (%o123) 333338333350000 (%i124) time_and_cache (my_cache, "heavy_sum", sum (k^2, k, 1, 100000)); Cache Hit! (%o124) 333338333350000 </syntaxhighlight>'''Core Macro Operators:''' As the need for relatively more complex macros arises, users will likely find that the following three operators are useful: 1. <code>buildq([substitutions], expression)</code>: Safely substitutes identifiers into a quoted expression template. 2. <code>splice(list)</code>: Flattens a list within a <code>buildq</code> template, removing the outer list bracket tags. 3. <code>gensym()</code>: Generates a completely unique identifier name (e.g., g1234) to prevent macro internal variables from inadvertently conflicting with identifiers of the main program. ==== Optional Arguments ==== Maxima functions can be defined with optional arguments. In Maxima, enclosing an argument in square brackets in a function definition allows the function to accept an arbitrary number of arguments. When the defined function is referenced with arguments, the argument identifier enclosed by the brackets has a value of a Maxima list containing all passed arguments. A variadic function is a function that accepts a variable number of arguments – zero, one, or many arguments<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i4) g([y]) := ( disp (sconcat (length(y), " optional arguments")), y ); (%o4) g([y]):=(disp(sconcat(length(y)," optional arguments")),y) (%i5) g (1,2,3); 3 optional arguments (%o5) [1,2,3] /* the value of y is a list of the arguments */ (%i6) g (x^2,y^2,z^2); 3 optional arguments (%o6) [x^2,y^2,z^2] (%i23) g ([]); 1 optional arguments (%o23) [[]] (%i30) length ( [[]] ); (%o30) 1 /* the value of y is a list of an empty list */</syntaxhighlight> This form of function composition may include one or more required arguments as exemplified below:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* c is a required argument */ (%i12) h (c, [vars]) := ( disp(sconcat(length(vars)," optional arguments")), [vars, c] ); (%o12) h(c,[vars]):=(disp(sconcat(length(vars)," optional arguments")),[vars,c]) (%i13) h (5, x,y,z); 3 optional arguments (%o13) [[x,y,z],5] /* the value of vars is the list [x,y,z] */ /* 6 is the value of the required argument and all other argument values are in the list identified as vars */ (%i26) h (6, a,b,c,d,e); 5 optional arguments (%o26) [[a,b,c,d,e],6] /* the function h can be referenced with no optional arguments */ (%i31) h(6); 0 optional arguments (%o31) [[],6] /* the value of vars is the empty list [] */ </syntaxhighlight>If a function defined with one or more required arguments is referenced with more arguments than the required number of arguments, the excess argument values are of the optional list.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i36) sum_of_squares ([vals]) := block ( apply ("+", map (lambda([x], x^2), vals) ) )$ (%i33) sum_of_squares(2, 3); (%o33) 13 (%i34) sum_of_squares(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); (%o34) 55 (%i35) sum_of_squares(); (%o35) 0 (%i37) tagged_list (prefix, [rest]) := cons (prefix, rest)$ (%i38) tagged_list (root, a, b, c); (%o38) [root,a,b,c] </syntaxhighlight> === Conditional Expressions – Special Operator <code>if</code> === === Expressions for Iteration – Special Operator <code>do</code> === The special operator <code>do</code> is used to compose expressions for iteration. It is typically used with the following other special operators: * <code>while</code> * <code>unless</code> * <code>for</code> * <code>from</code> * <code>thru</code> * <code>step</code> * <code>next</code> * <code>in</code> The general forms of <code>do</code> expressions Maxima supports are: <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>thru</code> limit <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>while</code> condition <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>unless</code> condition <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> list <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> expr <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> hash_table <code>do</code> body === Lisp and Maxima === {{BookCat}} ly14ifsgwizbxgghhfdg1dtduk39sfp 3 485697 4680915 4675741 2026-11-08T08:42:59Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 /* Digital Synthora */ Reply 4680915 wikitext text/x-wiki == 2026-09-17 == <div class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" style="text-align: left" lang="en">[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. Apologies for writing this in English, but I wanted to let you know that one or more of [[Special:Contributions/ActStuffOGWiki|your recent contributions]] have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thanks. </div><!-- Glow-vandalism1 @ 1789652313696.5s --><nowiki></nowiki> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:38, 17 September 2026 (UTC) :Oh, it's fine. I understand English. Thanks :) [[User:ActStuffOGWiki|ActStuffOGWiki]] ([[User talk:ActStuffOGWiki|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ActStuffOGWiki|contribs]]) 16:20, 17 September 2026 (UTC) == Categories == Hi @[[User:ActStuffOGWiki|ActStuffOGWiki]]! I just wanted to let you know that I deleted [[:Category:Indian Railways]] because that's not how we do categories here at Wikibooks. See [[Wikibooks:Categories]] for additional information. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:33, 18 September 2026 (UTC) ==[[:Weekly News Around the World!]]== {{tmbox|type=delete|text='''ActStuffOGWiki, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Weekly News Around the World!|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] "[[:Weekly News Around the World!|Weekly News Around the World!]]".'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:37, 26 September 2026 (UTC)}} ==[[:Digital Synthora]]== {{tmbox|type=delete|text='''ActStuffOGWiki, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Digital Synthora|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] "[[:Digital Synthora|Digital Synthora]]".'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:20, 12 October 2026 (UTC)}} :Delete. [[User:ActStuffOGWiki|ActStuffOGWiki]] ([[User talk:ActStuffOGWiki|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ActStuffOGWiki|contribs]]) 08:42, 8 November 2026 (UTC) 132ok66yekkccbtmnv1omrsvv8nfrj4 0 485842 4680697 4680295 2026-11-07T16:29:19Z Mattj3ttgmu 3626787 Added two images to the page. 4680697 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:High_Speed_2_phases_map_2023.png|thumb|Map of HS2 with historical phases]] (the HS2 org structure goes in section on Governance and Delivery Arrangements) [[File:HS2_Organizational_Structure.jpg|thumb|This diagram was generated using Microsoft Copilot and was reviewed and edited by the authors for accuracy. It is intended for informational purposes only and does not reflect an official organizational chart of HS2.]] hrevjfvrsw212tyqmxeen23627bndpf 4680803 4680697 2026-11-08T01:00:43Z JackBot 396820 Formatting, [[Special:UncategorizedPages]] 4680803 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:High_Speed_2_phases_map_2023.png|thumb|Map of HS2 with historical phases]] (the HS2 org structure goes in section on Governance and Delivery Arrangements) [[File:HS2_Organizational_Structure.jpg|thumb|This diagram was generated using Microsoft Copilot and was reviewed and edited by the authors for accuracy. It is intended for informational purposes only and does not reflect an official organizational chart of HS2.]] {{BookCat}} dsm7vi29ujxy7iu0udhvtk58q8zk3kx 2 486301 4680787 4680590 2026-11-07T21:50:25Z NinjaRobotPirate 948797 it's not an INFJ "door slam", but if you somehow manage to offend an ENTP, you will eventually come to realize it 4680787 wikitext text/x-wiki Within the Myers-Briggs personality framework, ENTPs fit the [[Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Conceptualizer|Rational]] category of personality types. ENTPs are: * Extroverted – a focus on the external world rather than simply social extroversion * iNtuitive – pattern-matching, lateral thinking, and a focus on possibilities * Thinking – a preference for logic over emotion when making decisions * Perceiving – adaptability, improvisation, and a desire to leave things open-ended Type dynamics within MBTI use different cognitive functions, categorized as "introverted" or "extroverted", depending on whether they are directed inward or outward. Functions have a preference hierarchy, where they are used most often (the dominant function) to least often (inferior function). An ENTP's cognitive functions consist of: * Extroverted intuition (Ne) – this is their dominant function. It asks "what if", sees patterns, explores possibilities, and desires novelty. * Introverted thinking (Ti) – their auxiliary function. It analyzes data logically, seeks internal consistency, and values precision. * Extroverted feeling (Fe) – as their tertiary function, it makes them charming and empathetic, though it can also manifest as social engineering. * Introverted sensing (Si) – their inferior function, which may make it difficult for them to deal with routine, details, and follow-through. ENTPs are good at creativity, brainstorming ideas, and coming up with unconventional solutions. They can see situations from many different perspectives and may dislike being forced to make definitive conclusions. They instead prefer to keep their options open and live inside ambiguity. They make decisions based on logic and may reject ideas or traditions that do not strike them as logical. Precision is important to an ENTP, and they might not be satisfied with a solution that ignores edge cases or uses a sloppy process. They dislike appeals to external authorities and rely on their own sense of logic. For example, an ENTP may throw away the manual and wing it, relying on their own intuition and logic skills to carry them through a situation. This makes them excellent at improvisation but can lead to problems if they do not prepare and fail to understand the situation. ENTPs love irony and absurdism, and they may use these concepts often to make points or ridicule those they find illogical. Their intuition allows them to quickly make connections between disparate concepts, so they are likely to jump rapidly between topics. This can leave others confused when the topic jumps from apples (fruit) to Apple Inc (a tech company) to ''Appleseed'' (anime/manga). ENTPs often have an impish and prankish sense of humor, which can make them fit the [[:en:w:trickster|trickster]] archetype, especially when they encounter something that offends them, such as pomposity or hypocrisy. This urge to point out foibles and test hypotheses in real-time can give them the reputation of taking "devil's advocate" positions. Less mature individuals may prioritize truth and logic over empathy, making them blunt or argumentative. Popular stereotypes of ENTPs sometimes characterize them as "the debater" given their desire to test various ideas logically. As they mature, ENTPs typically become more charming, skilled at [[:en:w:cognitive empathy|cognitive empathy]], and able to able to pick up the vibe of a group of people. Unhealthy individuals may instead become manipulative, using their intuition to quickly figure out what people want to hear. ENTPs often struggle with the mundane details of life, which can manifest as procrastination or starting many projects without ever completing any of them. Being stuck doing rote, repetitive tasks without novelty in a rigid bureaucracy is nightmarish to ENTPs. According to MBTI, stress can cause the dominant function to turn one's personality into a caricature. For an ENTP, this may cause them to act disorganized or incapable of making decisions ("[[:en:w:analysis paralysis|analysis paralysis]]"). Stress can also cause the inferior function to take control. For an ENTP, this might manifest as an obsession with past experiences or irrelevant facts. ENTPs who do not work on their inferior function (introverted sensing) may fall into the "absent-minded professor" stereotype, where they must be reminded to eat and sleep. A more extreme version of the ENTP may fall into the "mad scientist" archetype, obsessed with proving others wrong at any cost when their ideas have been dismissed as impractical or impossible. Their blind spot, introverted feeling (Fi), can cause ENTPs to have trouble understanding their own boundaries, including moral boundaries. == Interpersonal relationships == ENTPs have few sacred cows, and almost anything is up for debate. This can make them very open-minded and willing to change their opinions based on a logical argument, but it can cause friction in people who dislike having their deeply-held opinions challenged. ENTPs may thus clash with the [[Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Traditionalist|Guardian personality type]]. While ENTPs can be skillful at reading other people, their bluntness and poor skill at [[:en:w:affective empathy|affective empathy]] can also cause problems with the [[Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Idealist|Idealist personality type]]. ENTPs value nuance, open-mindedness, and competence. People that they perceive as incompetent or close-minded may be treated with disdain. ENTPs are slow to anger and difficult to offend. When pushed too far, ENTPs may respond with a controlled, cold anger. This can result in arrogant dismissal of not only a person's ideas but also the person themself. People subject to this may feel as if they have been contemptuously judged and found wanting. However, extroverted intuition and introverted thinking make ENTPs open to new data, and they rarely hold grudges, as they find this draining. In the rare case that they do, it will likely be permanent; inferior Si may cause them repeatedly come back to whatever event stressed or offended them. ENTPs find passive-aggressive behavior, such as "the silent treatment", intolerable, as they believe communication to be of utmost importance. However, ENTPs may gradually disengage with people who cause them stress, growing increasingly distant over time and emotionally withdrawing without explanation. == Careers and workplace == In the workplace, ENTPs continue the trend of exploring future possibilities, and they see logical flaws in business plans. They may clash with coworkers who are focused on grounded, concrete results, though ENTPs will need help from these people to see their visionary plans reach fruition. ENTPs tend to be anti-authoritarian and may resent being forced to follow rules that don't make sense to them. Deadlines are more of a suggestion to them, and they work best in an environment where they can follow their intuition without rigid structure getting in the way. bodanhbtz3h0zbz374ap8fcpjlqx72t 4 486385 4680909 4680632 2026-11-08T08:10:30Z ArchiverBot 1227662 Bot: Archiving 2 threads from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance]] 4680909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk archive}} == Tunde akinlabi reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Tunde akinlabi}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Tunde akinlabi/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:18, 1 October 2026 (UTC) : Page was deleted by another admin. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:11, 2 October 2026 (UTC) == Barakat isiaka reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Barakat isiaka}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Barakat isiaka/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:19, 1 October 2026 (UTC) : Page was deleted by another admin. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:11, 2 October 2026 (UTC) == Roconpaas01 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Roconpaas01}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315913]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Roconpaas01/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:19, 2 October 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:10, 2 October 2026 (UTC) == Diiminstitute reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Diiminstitute}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315963]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Diiminstitute/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:34, 4 October 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} --[[User:SHB|SHB]] ([[User talk:SHB|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB|contribs]]) 02:58, 4 October 2026 (UTC) == ~2026-51118-27 reported by EggRoll97 == * {{anonlinks|~2026-51118-27}} Vandalism <!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-51118-27/ --> [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 07:28, 4 October 2026 (UTC) : {{done}} by NDG (GS). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:13, 4 October 2026 (UTC) == ~2026-53393-86 reported by MathXplore == * {{anonlinks|~2026-53393-86}} Vandalism <!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-53393-86/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:37, 5 October 2026 (UTC) :Various contributions deleted—watching to see how this develops. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 5 October 2026 (UTC) == [[CustomChessTheory]] == Reason for reporting: Wrong title, renaming needed. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:45, 5 October 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:21, 8 October 2026 (UTC) == Siddhgiritubes reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Siddhgiritubes}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Siddhgiritubes/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:31, 7 October 2026 (UTC) : Page deleted by JJPMaster. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:09, 8 October 2026 (UTC) == Editbots reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Editbots}} Link spam ([[Special:AbuseLog/316068]], [[Special:Contributions/~2026-54143-79]]) <!-- USERREPORTED:/Editbots/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:13, 8 October 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:10, 8 October 2026 (UTC) == Lenawalker1 reported by TechVindicator == * {{userlinks|Lenawalker1}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Lenawalker1/ --> [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 04:07, 10 October 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Dealt with}} by SHB —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:31, 11 October 2026 (UTC) == Cleanwipes reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Cleanwipes}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/316154]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Cleanwipes/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:21, 14 October 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:20, 14 October 2026 (UTC) == Suniluv2026 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Suniluv2026}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/316149]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Suniluv2026/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:22, 14 October 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:21, 14 October 2026 (UTC) == Rudrashares01 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Rudrashares01}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Rudrashares01/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:26, 15 October 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 19:25, 15 October 2026 (UTC) == Rimshad12 reported by Morkoz == * {{userlinks|Rimshad12}} Spam ([[:m:special:GlobalContributions/Rimshad12|cross-wiki]]) <!-- USERREPORTED:/Rimshad12/ --> [[User:Morkoz|Morkoz]] ([[User talk:Morkoz|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Morkoz|contribs]]) 06:06, 16 October 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Locked}} --[[User:SHB|SHB]] ([[User talk:SHB|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB|contribs]]) 11:41, 16 October 2026 (UTC) == Wanjigires reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Wanjigires}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/316338]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Wanjigires/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:22, 24 October 2026 (UTC) == Hoquangvinh70 reported by MathsScienceNerd1 == * {{userlinks|Hoquangvinh70}} Link spam, see userpage <!-- USERREPORTED:/Hoquangvinh70/ --> [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 12:44, 24 October 2026 (UTC) == Help == I need help with the contributions of user [[User:Ԛѣуех|Ԛѣуех]]. I initially rollbacked the edits because it was vandalism, which I later reverted, because it was a misclick. Though, looking at the diff, it looks as if it was vandalism, so I reverted my edit. Could a moderator please check if it was vandalism/ test edit, because I am not too sure. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 04:19, 25 October 2026 (UTC) pbyt1p2c1easi2zpael9sb1d3douywc 0 486666 4680832 4679207 2026-11-08T02:55:21Z Ltypestar2 3524220 Ltypestar2 moved page [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nc3/1...c6/2.b3]] to [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nc3/1...c6/2. b3]]: Misspelled title: 2.b3 should be 2. b3 4679207 wikitext text/x-wiki Now White wants to fianctettoing the bishop. Black's best option is '''2... d5 ''' {{BookCat}} powg8sv990ge54fdqq9pjgn6a9qpkr1 2 486675 4680918 4680644 2026-11-08T09:05:40Z PiyushLpu 3629949 added more content 4680918 wikitext text/x-wiki = Deep Sleep Mechanics & Microcontroller Power States = Imagine making an outdoor environmental sensor that is powered by a standard 2000 mAh Li-ion battery. If your code works on continuous loop statements then your microcontroller will run instructions at full system clock speed non-stop. Because of that it will draw a current of 30mA to 50 mA. Therefore, draining the battery completely within 4 days. To make an embedded device that can run for months or years, we have to shift the firmware architectures from continuous execution to power-managed execution. By prioritizing the internal sleep states of modern silicon, so that we can reduce the current consumption from milliamps to a few microamps. == 1. Microcontroller Power States == Modern microcontroller like ARM Cortex-M, ESP32 divides the internal hardware into separate power domains. Low-power modes disables high-frequency clocks, peripheral buses and core execution logic. '''Active Mode:-''' The CPU core runs continuously at full system clock speed by using the high-speed internal or external oscillators. Peripherals like SPI,UART,I2C are fully powered. It draws current between 15mA to 80mA. '''Idle / Light Sleep:-''' Code execution is halted by turning off the CPU clock, but the main SRAM and peripheral buses remain active. Wake-up latency is very fast. It draws current between 1mA to 5 mA. '''Deep Sleep:-''' The CPU core is powered off and the high-speed clock oscillator are stopped. The main SRAM is kept in a low-power state. Wake-up latency is slow. It draws current between 5 uA to 150 uA. '''Hibernate / Standby:-''' Power is blocked to almost the entire silicon chip except for the basic real-time clock and specialized wake-up pins. Wake-up latency is slowest. It draws current below 1uA. {| class="wikitable" !Sleep Mode !What is OFF !What is ON !Typical Current !Wake-up Time |- |Active Mode |N/A |Nearly everything |15mA - 80mA |No need |- |Light Sleep |CPU, most peripherals |RAM, RTC, selected peripherals |1mA - 5mA |Very fast |- |Deep Sleep |CPU, RAM, most peripherals |RTC, wake-up logic |5uA - 150uA |Slow |- |Hibernate |Nearly everything |Only wake-up pin logic |Below 1uA |Slowest |} == 2. Wake-Up Triggers & Mechanisms == A microcontroller needs a low-power hardware signal to wake up and start executing the code again. Different methods to wake-up the microcontroller are:- '''Real-Time Clock(RTC):-''' A low-frequency crystal oscillator runs in the background while the rest of the chip sleeps. It fires an alarm interrupt when a set timer count is reached to wake up the system. '''External GPIO:-''' Physical signals designed to wake-up the power management unit like a push-button press, motion detector. '''Analog Comparators:-''' On-chip low-power comparator monitors an external input voltage level directly. If the sensor voltage crosses a preset threshold, it will trigger a wake-up without keeping the main CPU awake. == 3. Trade-Offs & Pre-Sleep Checklist == While deep sleep saves maximum energy, there are practical trade-offs :- '''Wake-UP Latency:-''' Waking up from deep sleep takes time because of the re-stabilization of internal regulators and high-speed clocks. If it wakes up very frequently, the energy spent during startup can be higher than staying in light sleep. '''RAM Data Loss:-''' In sleep states where SRAM loses power, the microcontroller performs a reset upon wake-up. Important runtime variables must be stored in RTC memory or flash before entering sleep. === Quick Pre-Sleep Checklist:- === # Turn off the active ACDs, DACs & internal reference voltages. # Set unused GPIO pins to pull-up/pull-down or analog mode to stop floating current leaks. # Make sure status LEDs & external resistors are not sinking current while sleeping. 8i4qkfwezrfkec4m3cwyccuw2f85ek8 0 486691 4680808 4679389 2026-11-08T02:25:14Z SignTheSign 3630764 Redirect to proper title 4680808 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Bd3/3...dxe4/4. Bxe4/4...Nf6]] 3ojchlmd8rlx9zk48o4rit06j7s7u1y 2 486697 4680671 4680645 2026-11-07T12:47:25Z Yadasaichaithanya 3629536 4680671 wikitext text/x-wiki = Digital Data Storage in Semi-Conductors(Methods of DATA STORAGE in VLSI and ULSI) = == Semi-Conductor Memory == Memory is a part of CPU (or Processor) which stores information in the form of Binary data.This memory is accessed millions of times in a second, that is the reason we require speed and accuracy.Very fast Semiconductor memory is available today in modules with several TB (a Terabyte is one thousand billion bytes ) of capacity. Each storage element in a memory have either 1 or 0 and is called a cell.memories are made up of array of cells. Each block in memory array represents one storage cell,64 cells arranged in 8x8 array,which can be called either 64-bit memory.The location of a unit of data in memory array is its address === Memory Operations === ==== The Write Operation ==== [[File:Byte-Organized Memory Diagram.png|right|387x387px]]A write operation is used to store data in a specific memory location.First, the address of the memory location is placed on the address bus, and the data to be stored is placed on the data bus.In the 8X8 byte-organized memory, suppose we want to store the data '10110010' at memory address '011' is sent through the address bus to the address decoder, which selects memory row 3.Next, the data 10110010 iss placed on the 8-bit data bus, and the control signal is set to WRITE (W). The selected memory location stores the new data.If any data was already present at address 3, it will be replaced by 10110010. ==== The Read Operation ==== A read operation is used to retrieve data from a particular memory location.First, the required memory address is placed on the address bus the address decoder identifies the corresponding memory location and selects that row. WHen the READ (R) command is given, the data stored in the selected location is transferred through the data bus into the data register. The same data also remains stored in its orginal memory location. This process is called a non-destructive read operation Example values address bus =011;selected memory row=3; data stored = 00101100; control= READ (R); data register= 00101100 == Methods of Data storage in Semi-Conductor == === RAM (Random Access Memory) === ==== A. SRAM (Static-Random Access Memory) ==== SRAM is flip flop based RAM, to store each bit of memory we need to make Latch(it fundamental building block of flip flop) of memory using 4 to 6 transistors. It uses cross coupled inverters that continuously feed into each other. It doesnt require refresh in perodic cycles, as it is volatile in nature i.e flip flop state remains stable as we supply electricity. It losts its data once supplied power supply is turned off as flip flops lose their state and all data is cleared. SRAM are usually extremely fast with very less latency and high effecient but it requires many transistors per bit,this makes it size large.it is used for high speed CPU cache memory.SRAM is divided into two types Asynchronous SRAM and Synchronous SRAM with Burst feature. ==== B.DRAM (Dynamic-Random Access Memory) ==== DRAM is capacitor based RAM, to store each bit of memory we need 1 transistor and 1 capacitor. It stores each bit of data in the form of electrical charges in small capacitor, within time these charges leak away.Without a refresh, The data disappears or corrupts.standard DRAM (like ddr4) requires refresh every 64 milliseconds.it is also volatile in nature.It is slower than SRAM as it need time to fetch data from capacitors and refresh cycles.It is denser than SRAM as it allows much larger capacities in a smaller place.it used for main system memory.DRAM is divided into 4 types Fast Page Mode RAM (FPM RAM), Extended Data Out DRAM (EDO DRAM), Burst EDO DRAM (BEDO RAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM). === Flash Memory === There are three main operations done by flash memory:the programming operation,the read operation and th erase operation.The programming operations adds charge (i.e electrons) to floting gate of those mos trasnsitor cells that are to store a 0, No charge is added to cell which should store 1. As In starting all cells are at 1 state because charge was removed from each cell in a previous erase operation. After programming, a cell can retain the charge for upto 100 years without any external power. During read operation, a positive voltage is applied to control gate of memory transistor to check the charge stored in its floating gate. Depending on the stored charge, the transistor turns on or off, and the sensing circuit detects the current to identify weather the stored bit is 0 or 1. the orginal data remains unchanged during reading. During an erase operatioin, a suitable voltage is applied to their erased state. Flash memory generally erases data in blocks, making the cells ready for new data programming. ==== A.NAND Flash Memory ==== In NAND,cells are connected in series, chain like structure.It is denser as its footprint is smaller.It have slower read speed (slower random read). It have fast writting and erasing block-level.we cannot execute code directly.In the process of erasing and writing data to a cell,Each cycle causes tiny amount of wear tear to insulating oxide layer trapping electrons, These enduracnce (P/E cycles),endurance of NAND flash memory is 1000 to 10000. It is suitable for where you need to hold large amount of data such as SSDs, Memory cards, USB drives ==== B.NOR Flash Memory ==== In NOR,cells are connected in prallel, its branch like structure. It is less denser as its footprints are larger. It have fast read speed (Fast random read).With this a processor can run code directly off the chip without copying it to RAM first.These are more expensive than NAND Flash Memory. It have slow writting speed and slower bit level erasing.It also allows us to write and direct code execution.These are unlike NAND Flash Memory have higher cycles upto 10000 to 100000.These are best for Storing frimware, BIOS/UEFI chips,microcontroller, embedded boot code. === ROM (Read Only Memory) === A ROM data can be read through memory but cannot be changed at all but few can be changed with only few special equipments.i.e we say it can store permanently or semi-permanently stored data.As ROM is non volatile memory it can retain stored data when power is off. It stores data that are regularly used in system application like, conversions, tables or programmed instructions for system initialization and operation ==== A.Mask ROM ==== The Mask ROM is generally referred to an ROM. It is programmed during fabrication using photolithography. Photolithography is process that uses light to transfer geometric circuits patterns from photomask onto a light sensitive chemical called photoresist coated on substract (ex: silicon wafer).It is either Erasable nor Reprogrammable. its costs low when produced bulkly (few millions).Its used in fixed high volume firmware, older console games, toy chips. ==== B.PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) ==== It is a non volatile memory where data or programming done by user only one time, Once programmed by user it cannot be either errased not reprogrammed (OTP-One Time Programmed).It is manufactured completly blank. In a standard fuse based, every memory cell starts with intact the internal fuse(represent 1), It is done by burning (programming or PROM programmer) it sends very high voltage current pulse via specific address and data lines.This surge melts and permanently blows microscopic fuses(intact broken represent 0),Once blown, it cannot be reconnected. It is commonly used in prototyping or custom logic that never needs updates. ==== C.EPROM (Erasable PROM) ==== It is a non volatile memory chip which can keep data even when powered off. Its core is made of grid of floating MOSFETs and it is surrounded by insulating oxide layer. Electric charge trapped inside this floating gate cannot go anywhere (outside coating) making it to hold data for 10 to 20 years without power.when electron is not trapped inside this floating gate, when normal voltage applied to this control gate it lets current flow between source and drain, It represents binary 1.when electron is trapped, current doesn't flow via source and drain it represents binary 0. To change a bit from 0 to 1 we use a device called PROM programmer (it applies 12v to25v), This high voltage energy pushes electrons via insulating layers this process is called as hot electron injection.To clear or erase the chip, This chip (silicon die) need to keep in high intensity UV light for 20 min to 40 min. As its reprogrammed via UV exposer its cycle is few limited times. It was commonly used in microcontroller development and testing phases. ==== D.EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM) ==== It is also a non volatile computer memory it aslo keeps data even if not powered.It is also made of floating gate transistors with insulating layer surrounded.When electons are stored in floating gate, They change the transistor's electrical behaviour, whcih is used to represent binary values 0's and 1's. To store or erase data a higher voltage is applied to move electrons into or out of floating gate via process called Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling.It have many cycles from 10000 to 100000. Unlike EPROM, EEPROM allows to read, erase and rewrite single bytes or small pages of data directly inside circuit board.It can work for verious communication portocols. It used to store small system configuration,lookup tables and claibration data. 42l917xlesj7h0h04k556tmt948froo 4680673 4680671 2026-11-07T12:56:36Z Yadasaichaithanya 3629536 4680673 wikitext text/x-wiki = Digital Data Storage in Semi-Conductors(Methods of DATA STORAGE in VLSI and ULSI) = Semiconductor memory plays an important role in modern electronic devices and computer systems. it is used to store data and instructions in the form of binary values (0's and 1's). Different types of semiconductor memories use different methods to store and access this data. some memories are designed for high speed operations while others are mainly used to retain information even when the power is turned off. In this artice. we will look at how data is stored in semiconductor memory, how read and write operations work, and the different types of memory used in VLSI and ULSI technologies. == Semi-Conductor Memory == Memory is a part of CPU (or Processor) which stores information in the form of Binary data.This memory is accessed millions of times in a second, that is the reason we require speed and accuracy.Very fast Semiconductor memory is available today in modules with several TB (a Terabyte is one thousand billion bytes ) of capacity. Each storage element in a memory have either 1 or 0 and is called a cell.memories are made up of array of cells. Each block in memory array represents one storage cell,64 cells arranged in 8x8 array,which can be called either 64-bit memory.The location of a unit of data in memory array is its address === Memory Operations === ==== The Write Operation ==== [[File:Byte-Organized Memory Diagram.png|right|387x387px]]A write operation is used to store data in a specific memory location.First, the address of the memory location is placed on the address bus, and the data to be stored is placed on the data bus.In the 8X8 byte-organized memory, suppose we want to store the data '10110010' at memory address '011' is sent through the address bus to the address decoder, which selects memory row 3.Next, the data 10110010 iss placed on the 8-bit data bus, and the control signal is set to WRITE (W). The selected memory location stores the new data.If any data was already present at address 3, it will be replaced by 10110010. ==== The Read Operation ==== A read operation is used to retrieve data from a particular memory location.First, the required memory address is placed on the address bus the address decoder identifies the corresponding memory location and selects that row. WHen the READ (R) command is given, the data stored in the selected location is transferred through the data bus into the data register. The same data also remains stored in its orginal memory location. This process is called a non-destructive read operation Example values address bus =011;selected memory row=3; data stored = 00101100; control= READ (R); data register= 00101100 == Methods of Data storage in Semi-Conductor == === RAM (Random Access Memory) === ==== A. SRAM (Static-Random Access Memory) ==== SRAM is flip flop based RAM, to store each bit of memory we need to make Latch(it fundamental building block of flip flop) of memory using 4 to 6 transistors. It uses cross coupled inverters that continuously feed into each other. It doesnt require refresh in perodic cycles, as it is volatile in nature i.e flip flop state remains stable as we supply electricity. It losts its data once supplied power supply is turned off as flip flops lose their state and all data is cleared. SRAM are usually extremely fast with very less latency and high effecient but it requires many transistors per bit,this makes it size large.it is used for high speed CPU cache memory.SRAM is divided into two types Asynchronous SRAM and Synchronous SRAM with Burst feature. ==== B.DRAM (Dynamic-Random Access Memory) ==== DRAM is capacitor based RAM, to store each bit of memory we need 1 transistor and 1 capacitor. It stores each bit of data in the form of electrical charges in small capacitor, within time these charges leak away.Without a refresh, The data disappears or corrupts.standard DRAM (like ddr4) requires refresh every 64 milliseconds.it is also volatile in nature.It is slower than SRAM as it need time to fetch data from capacitors and refresh cycles.It is denser than SRAM as it allows much larger capacities in a smaller place.it used for main system memory.DRAM is divided into 4 types Fast Page Mode RAM (FPM RAM), Extended Data Out DRAM (EDO DRAM), Burst EDO DRAM (BEDO RAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM). === Flash Memory === There are three main operations done by flash memory:the programming operation,the read operation and th erase operation.The programming operations adds charge (i.e electrons) to floting gate of those mos trasnsitor cells that are to store a 0, No charge is added to cell which should store 1. As In starting all cells are at 1 state because charge was removed from each cell in a previous erase operation. After programming, a cell can retain the charge for upto 100 years without any external power. During read operation, a positive voltage is applied to control gate of memory transistor to check the charge stored in its floating gate. Depending on the stored charge, the transistor turns on or off, and the sensing circuit detects the current to identify weather the stored bit is 0 or 1. the orginal data remains unchanged during reading. During an erase operatioin, a suitable voltage is applied to their erased state. Flash memory generally erases data in blocks, making the cells ready for new data programming. ==== A.NAND Flash Memory ==== In NAND,cells are connected in series, chain like structure.It is denser as its footprint is smaller.It have slower read speed (slower random read). It have fast writting and erasing block-level.we cannot execute code directly.In the process of erasing and writing data to a cell,Each cycle causes tiny amount of wear tear to insulating oxide layer trapping electrons, These enduracnce (P/E cycles),endurance of NAND flash memory is 1000 to 10000. It is suitable for where you need to hold large amount of data such as SSDs, Memory cards, USB drives ==== B.NOR Flash Memory ==== In NOR,cells are connected in prallel, its branch like structure. It is less denser as its footprints are larger. It have fast read speed (Fast random read).With this a processor can run code directly off the chip without copying it to RAM first.These are more expensive than NAND Flash Memory. It have slow writting speed and slower bit level erasing.It also allows us to write and direct code execution.These are unlike NAND Flash Memory have higher cycles upto 10000 to 100000.These are best for Storing frimware, BIOS/UEFI chips,microcontroller, embedded boot code. === ROM (Read Only Memory) === A ROM data can be read through memory but cannot be changed at all but few can be changed with only few special equipments.i.e we say it can store permanently or semi-permanently stored data.As ROM is non volatile memory it can retain stored data when power is off. It stores data that are regularly used in system application like, conversions, tables or programmed instructions for system initialization and operation ==== A.Mask ROM ==== The Mask ROM is generally referred to an ROM. It is programmed during fabrication using photolithography. Photolithography is process that uses light to transfer geometric circuits patterns from photomask onto a light sensitive chemical called photoresist coated on substract (ex: silicon wafer).It is either Erasable nor Reprogrammable. its costs low when produced bulkly (few millions).Its used in fixed high volume firmware, older console games, toy chips. ==== B.PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) ==== It is a non volatile memory where data or programming done by user only one time, Once programmed by user it cannot be either errased not reprogrammed (OTP-One Time Programmed).It is manufactured completly blank. In a standard fuse based, every memory cell starts with intact the internal fuse(represent 1), It is done by burning (programming or PROM programmer) it sends very high voltage current pulse via specific address and data lines.This surge melts and permanently blows microscopic fuses(intact broken represent 0),Once blown, it cannot be reconnected. It is commonly used in prototyping or custom logic that never needs updates. ==== C.EPROM (Erasable PROM) ==== It is a non volatile memory chip which can keep data even when powered off. Its core is made of grid of floating MOSFETs and it is surrounded by insulating oxide layer. Electric charge trapped inside this floating gate cannot go anywhere (outside coating) making it to hold data for 10 to 20 years without power.when electron is not trapped inside this floating gate, when normal voltage applied to this control gate it lets current flow between source and drain, It represents binary 1.when electron is trapped, current doesn't flow via source and drain it represents binary 0. To change a bit from 0 to 1 we use a device called PROM programmer (it applies 12v to25v), This high voltage energy pushes electrons via insulating layers this process is called as hot electron injection.To clear or erase the chip, This chip (silicon die) need to keep in high intensity UV light for 20 min to 40 min. As its reprogrammed via UV exposer its cycle is few limited times. It was commonly used in microcontroller development and testing phases. ==== D.EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM) ==== It is also a non volatile computer memory it aslo keeps data even if not powered.It is also made of floating gate transistors with insulating layer surrounded.When electons are stored in floating gate, They change the transistor's electrical behaviour, whcih is used to represent binary values 0's and 1's. To store or erase data a higher voltage is applied to move electrons into or out of floating gate via process called Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling.It have many cycles from 10000 to 100000. Unlike EPROM, EEPROM allows to read, erase and rewrite single bytes or small pages of data directly inside circuit board.It can work for verious communication portocols. It used to store small system configuration,lookup tables and claibration data. d4jfi13dxd9t3tz4cc164fecxuwoam9 0 486792 4680834 4679944 2026-11-08T03:01:24Z Ltypestar2 3524220 Ltypestar2 moved page [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Nxd5/6. Nxf7/6...Kxf7/7. Qf3/7...Ke6/8. Nc3/8...Nb4/9.0-0!!]] to [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Nxd5/6. Nxf7/6...Kxf7/7. Qf3/7...Ke6/8. Nc3/8...Nb4/9. 0-0!!]]: Misspelled title: 9.0-0!! should be 9. 0-0!! 4679944 wikitext text/x-wiki '''9. 0-0!!''' White sacrifices c-pawn and the rook. After '''9... c6''' ('''9... Nxc2?? 10. Bxd5+-''') white plays '''10. d4!''' and white has a excellent attack!. If Black moves '''10... Nxc2?? 11. exd4!! Nxa1 12. Rd1!+-''' White have a great winning position. The best move for black is '''10... Qf6!? 11.Qd1+=''' and black has a slightly worse position. {{BookCat}} 9rc0z6xdftbzmds7tdl8uvctuz0cbhn 4680836 4680834 2026-11-08T03:10:58Z Ltypestar2 3524220 Ltypestar2 moved page [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Nxd5/6. Nxf7/6...Kxf7/7. Qf3/7...Ke6/8. Nc3/8...Nb4/9. 0-0!!]] to [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Nxd5/6. Nxf7/6...Kxf7/7. Qf3/7...Ke6/8. Nc3/8...Nb4/9. O-O]]: Misspelled title: annotation cannot be used in title and castling uses O's not 0's. (see manual of style) 4679944 wikitext text/x-wiki '''9. 0-0!!''' White sacrifices c-pawn and the rook. After '''9... c6''' ('''9... Nxc2?? 10. Bxd5+-''') white plays '''10. d4!''' and white has a excellent attack!. If Black moves '''10... Nxc2?? 11. exd4!! Nxa1 12. Rd1!+-''' White have a great winning position. The best move for black is '''10... Qf6!? 11.Qd1+=''' and black has a slightly worse position. {{BookCat}} 9rc0z6xdftbzmds7tdl8uvctuz0cbhn 2 486803 4680866 4680119 2026-11-08T06:01:15Z Tej-09 3629922 Embedded Systems 4680866 wikitext text/x-wiki = Embedded Systems in Autonomous Robotics: The Brain Behind Intelligent Machines. = '''Embedded system''' is a computational system that is developed based on integration of both hardware and software in order to perform certain assigned tasks. It can also be described as a dedicated computer system, which has been developed to perform a particular set of tasks. But it is not our traditional computer system or general purpose computers. These are the Embedded systems that may work independently or attached to a larger system to work on a few specific functions. These embedded systems can work without human intervention or with little human intervention. // image '''Autonomous robots''', from warehouse carrier to mars rover, depends on a small computer hidden inside it. That computer reads sensors, make descisions and drives motors, usually many times per second and without a human in the loop. This computer is an embedded system. // image This chapter explains what Embedded systems are, how they are built into autonomous robots, which hardware and software they use, the mathematics behind their control and navigation, and where the field is heading. '''What to expect from this page:''' * Define Embedded System, Autonomous Robot, real time system and RTOS. * Express the Sense, Think, Act architecture of a robot. * Compare microcontrollers, microprocessors, DSPs, FPGAs, SoCs, and AI accelerators. * Explain common sensors, actuators and communication buses. * Apply the key formulas: PWM, ADC, resolution, encoder counts, differential-drive Kinematics, PID, Kalman filtering, and real time schedulability. * Describe safety, security and power constraints, and future trends. == Introduction to Embedded Systems in Autonomous Robotics: == '''Embedded Systems in Autonomous Robotics''' refer to the combination of dedicated computing hardware and specialized software integrated into robotic machines to perform sensing, data processing, decision making, communicatio, and motion control in real time. Envision a robot weaving its way through a busy room with obstacles and interferences, it spots those obstacles, and interferences, recognizes familiar objects, figures out where it is and chooses the safest route to its goal all on its own without anyone guiding it. Now the question that arises, How does a machine perform these activites without anyone controlling it manually? The brain behind this robots moving like a living organism, to have a mind of its own to think, analyze, and determine the right path towards its journey is the integration of Embedded systems, sensors, processors, control algorithms, and intelligent software. Modern autonomous robots are not simply mechanical structures equipped with motors. They are complex electronic systems capable of collecting information from their surrondings, processing that information in making decisions and performing physical actions. An Autonomous robot continuously performs four fundamental operations: # Sensing: Collecting information from the environment using sensors embedded on the mechanical robot structure. # Processing: Analyzing the collected information using embedded processors. # Decision making: Selecting an appropriate action based on algorithms and environmental conditions from the set of available options on the field for the right course of goal. # Actuation: Executing the selected action through motors, servos, and other actuators. For example, consider an autonomous delivery robot operating inside a closed room with obstacles on ts path: * LIDAR sensor measures distances to its surrounding objects. * Depth cameras identify obstacles and environmental structures. * An embedded processor processes the sensor information. * Navigation algorithms calculate a safe path. * Motor contollers receive commands to move the wheels. * Feedback sensors continously monitor the robot's movement. /* image */ Beforehand we get in detail about Embedded systems in Autonomous Robotics there some terms we have to get familiar with, which are: {| class="wikitable" |+ !S.NO !Terms !Definition |- |1. |Embedded Systems |A dedicated computing system built into a larger device to perform specific funtions, usually with real-time and resource constraints. |- |2. |Robot |A programmable machine that senses its environment and acts on it through actuators. |- |3. |Autonomous Robot |A robot that performs tasks and makes decisions in an unstructured environment without continuos human control. |- |4. |Microcontroller (MCU) |A single chip containing a CPU, memory and peripherals (timers, ADC, URAT, etc.). |- |5. |Microprocessor (MPU) |A CPU that needs external memory and peripherals, run full operating system such as Linux. |- |6. |Firmware |Software stored in no-volatile memory that runs directly on the embedded hardware. |- |7. |Real Time System |A system whose correctness depends on both the result and the time at which it is produced. |- |8. |Hard real-Time |Missing a deadline is a system failure (eg: airbag, motor current loop). |- |9. |Soft real-time |Missing a deadline degrades quality but is tolerable (eg: video streaming). |- |10. |RTOS |A real-time operating system that guarantees bounded, predictable task response. |- |11. |Latency |Delay between an event (sensor change) and the system response. |- |12. |Jitter |The small variation in timing of a task that is supposed to repeat at exact intervals. |- |13. |Actuator |A device that converts energy and control signals into physical motion. |- |14. |SLAM |Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: building a map while tracking position inside it. |- |15. |Degrees of freedom (DOF) |The number of independent, individual movements or parameters a robot joint or end effector can make in sppace. |} ====== If a question arises that, Why do we have to use Embedded Systems instead of a general PC? ====== To answer this primarily we need to understand that Robots need low power, small size, low cost, deterministic timing and direct hardware access. A desktop OS cannot guarantee that a motor control loop runs every 1ms, an embedded controller with an RTOS can meet these requirements of cost cutting. ===== Relationship between Embedded Systems and Robotics: ===== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Embedded Systems !Autonomous Robotics |- |Process sensor inputs |Understand the environment |- |Execute firmware |Perform robotic tasks |- |Control electronic hardware |Control movement and interaction |- |Manage communication |Coordinate robotic subsystems |- |Handle real time operations |Respond to environmental changes |} Embedded systems provide the computational intelligence that allows a robot to transform sensor information into physical actions. swhepiee0nkid19bew9j7d5yo6wkvo3 4680917 4680866 2026-11-08T08:57:44Z Tej-09 3629922 4680917 wikitext text/x-wiki = Embedded Systems in Autonomous Robotics: The Brain Behind Intelligent Machines. = '''Embedded system''' is a computational system that is developed based on integration of both hardware and software in order to perform certain assigned tasks. It can also be described as a dedicated computer system, which has been developed to perform a particular set of tasks. But it is not our traditional computer system or general purpose computers. These are the Embedded systems that may work independently or attached to a larger system to work on a few specific functions. These embedded systems can work without human intervention or with little human intervention. // image '''Autonomous robots''', from warehouse carrier to mars rover, depends on a small computer hidden inside it. That computer reads sensors, make descisions and drives motors, usually many times per second and without a human in the loop. This computer is an embedded system. // image This chapter explains what Embedded systems are, how they are built into autonomous robots, which hardware and software they use, the mathematics behind their control and navigation, and where the field is heading. '''What to expect from this page:''' * Define Embedded System, Autonomous Robot, real time system and RTOS. * Express the Sense, Think, Act architecture of a robot. * Compare microcontrollers, microprocessors, DSPs, FPGAs, SoCs, and AI accelerators. * Explain common sensors, actuators and communication buses. * Apply the key formulas: PWM, ADC, resolution, encoder counts, differential-drive Kinematics, PID, Kalman filtering, and real time schedulability. * Describe safety, security and power constraints, and future trends. == Introduction to Embedded Systems in Autonomous Robotics: == '''Embedded Systems in Autonomous Robotics''' refer to the combination of dedicated computing hardware and specialized software integrated into robotic machines to perform sensing, data processing, decision making, communicatio, and motion control in real time. Envision a robot weaving its way through a busy room with obstacles and interferences, it spots those obstacles, and interferences, recognizes familiar objects, figures out where it is and chooses the safest route to its goal all on its own without anyone guiding it. Now the question that arises, How does a machine perform these activites without anyone controlling it manually? The brain behind this robots moving like a living organism, to have a mind of its own to think, analyze, and determine the right path towards its journey is the integration of Embedded systems, sensors, processors, control algorithms, and intelligent software. Modern autonomous robots are not simply mechanical structures equipped with motors. They are complex electronic systems capable of collecting information from their surrondings, processing that information in making decisions and performing physical actions. An Autonomous robot continuously performs four fundamental operations: # Sensing: Collecting information from the environment using sensors embedded on the mechanical robot structure. # Processing: Analyzing the collected information using embedded processors. # Decision making: Selecting an appropriate action based on algorithms and environmental conditions from the set of available options on the field for the right course of goal. # Actuation: Executing the selected action through motors, servos, and other actuators. For example, consider an autonomous delivery robot operating inside a closed room with obstacles on ts path: * LIDAR sensor measures distances to its surrounding objects. * Depth cameras identify obstacles and environmental structures. * An embedded processor processes the sensor information. * Navigation algorithms calculate a safe path. * Motor contollers receive commands to move the wheels. * Feedback sensors continously monitor the robot's movement. /* image */ Beforehand we get in detail about Embedded systems in Autonomous Robotics there some terms we have to get familiar with, which are: {| class="wikitable" |+ !S.NO !Terms !Definition |- |1. |Embedded Systems |A dedicated computing system built into a larger device to perform specific funtions, usually with real-time and resource constraints. |- |2. |Robot |A programmable machine that senses its environment and acts on it through actuators. |- |3. |Autonomous Robot |A robot that performs tasks and makes decisions in an unstructured environment without continuos human control. |- |4. |Microcontroller (MCU) |A single chip containing a CPU, memory and peripherals (timers, ADC, URAT, etc.). |- |5. |Microprocessor (MPU) |A CPU that needs external memory and peripherals, run full operating system such as Linux. |- |6. |Firmware |Software stored in no-volatile memory that runs directly on the embedded hardware. |- |7. |Real Time System |A system whose correctness depends on both the result and the time at which it is produced. |- |8. |Hard real-Time |Missing a deadline is a system failure (eg: airbag, motor current loop). |- |9. |Soft real-time |Missing a deadline degrades quality but is tolerable (eg: video streaming). |- |10. |RTOS |A real-time operating system that guarantees bounded, predictable task response. |- |11. |Latency |Delay between an event (sensor change) and the system response. |- |12. |Jitter |The small variation in timing of a task that is supposed to repeat at exact intervals. |- |13. |Actuator |A device that converts energy and control signals into physical motion. |- |14. |SLAM |Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: building a map while tracking position inside it. |- |15. |Degrees of freedom (DOF) |The number of independent, individual movements or parameters a robot joint or end effector can make in sppace. |} ====== If a question arises that, Why do we have to use Embedded Systems instead of a general PC? ====== To answer this primarily we need to understand that Robots need low power, small size, low cost, deterministic timing and direct hardware access. A desktop OS cannot guarantee that a motor control loop runs every 1ms, an embedded controller with an RTOS can meet these requirements of cost cutting. ===== Relationship between Embedded Systems and Robotics: ===== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Embedded Systems !Autonomous Robotics |- |Process sensor inputs |Understand the environment |- |Execute firmware |Perform robotic tasks |- |Control electronic hardware |Control movement and interaction |- |Manage communication |Coordinate robotic subsystems |- |Handle real time operations |Respond to environmental changes |} Embedded systems provide the computational intelligence that allows a robot to transform sensor information into physical actions. ==== The Sense, Think, Act Architecture: ==== Almost every autonomous robot works in a repeating cycle. It first senses the world (its surroundings), then thinks about what it found on its path and finally analizes and acts upon it accordingly through follow the right course. // block diagram 1 The controller is the core of everything. Signals from the sensors is filtered and converted into numbers, which are further processed by the controller in three stages, and the ouput leaves in the form of power signals for the motors. The motors affect the environment, the sensors detect the changes, and the cycle begins again. ===== The layered view: ===== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Layer !Typical rate !Typical Hardware !Example task |- |Reactive (low level) |1-20 KHz |MCU |Motor current loop, reading encoders. |- |Control |100Hz - 1KHz |MCU with an RTOS |Wheel speed PID, balance control. |- |Perception |10-60Hz |SoC, GPU or NPU |Object detection, SLAM. |- |Planning and mission |1-10Hz |Application processor |Path planing, behaviour logic. |- |Cloud and fleet |seconds or more |Remote Server |Fleet management, map sharing. |} == Hardware of the Robot Brain: == The hardware of a robot brain is a mix of processor, memory, sensors, actuators and the circuits that connect them. Each part is chosen to match the speed, power and cost that needs of that job. # '''Processing Platforms:''' No single chip is best for every task, so robots often combine several type of chips whose performace varies on the task it is performing. A small MCU handles fast motor control. while a stronger processor or an AI chip handles vision and planning. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Platform !Strengths !Weaknesses !Typical robot use |- |MCU (ARM Cortex-M, AVR, ESP32) |Low power, low cost, predictable timing, many built-in peripherals. |Limited speed and memory. |Motor control, reading sensors. |- |MPU or application processor (ARM Cortex-A) |Runs Linux, plenty of memory |Less predictable timing, uses more power. |High level planning, ROS2. |- |DSP (Digital Signal Processing) |Very fast at repeated multiply and add maths |Narrow range of uses. |Filtering, audio, radar. |- |FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) |Does many things in parallel, very low delay. |Harder to program |Camera pipelines, fast motor loops. |- |GPU, NPU or TPU |Runs neural networks quickly. |High power use. |Object detection, perception. |- |SoC (system on chip) |Puts CPU, GPU and NPU on one chip. |Complex and costly |Modern autonomous platforms. |} === Inside a microcontroller: === A Microcontroller is a complete small computer on one chip. Basically the microcontroller consists of a processor, pheripherals, and specified I/O pins on one single board. The CPU, the memory and all the peripherals are joined by one internal bus, so any of them can exchange data. //block diagram2 ===== Simplified internal strcture of an MCU: ===== Key peripherals # '''Timers and PWM:''' Produce precise pulses to control motor speed or servo angle. # '''ADC (Analog to Digital converter):''' Turns a sensor's changing voltage continuous signal into binary form so that the CPU can analyze. # '''DMA (Direct Memory Access):''' Moves data around without using the CPU, which leaves more time for control code. # '''Interrupt Controller:''' Lets urgent events, such as an encoder pulse or an emergency stop, pause normal code immediately. === Memory Types === {| class="wikitable" |+ !'''Memory''' !Keeps data without Power? !Use in robotics |- |Flash |Yes |Firmware and Calibration data |- |SRAM |No |Variables, stacks and buffers |- |DRAM |No |Large buffers such as images and maps (on MPU or SoC) |- |EEPROM or FRAM |Yes |Settings and logs |} === Sensors: === Sensors are the robot's senses. Some measure the robot itself (its wheel turns and tilt), and others measure the surrondings around it (distance and images). {| class="wikitable" |+ !'''Sensor''' !What it measures !How it works !Typical output |- |Rotary encoder |Wheel or joint angle and speed |Optical or magnetic pulses |Digital pulses |- |IMU (Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Magnetometer) |Acceleration, turn rate and heading |Tiny MEMS structures |I2C or SPI digital data |- |Ultrasonic |Distance, from centimetres to metres |Time taken by a sound echo |Pulse width |- |Infrared or time of flight |Short range distance |Reflected light |Analog voltage or I2C |- |LiDAR |Distance scan, 2D or 3D point cloud |Time taken by laser light to return |UART or Ethernet |- |Camera |Images |CMOS image sensor |MIPI or USB |- |GPS / GNSS |Position on Earth |Timing signals from staellites |UART (NMEA text) |- |Current sensor |Motor current |Hall effect or shunt resistor |Analog voltage |- |Force or torque sensor |Contact forces |Strain gauge |Analog voltage |} === Acutators and motor drives: === Actuators make the robot move. The embedded controller cannot power a motor directly, because its pins supply only a tiny current. A motor driver sits in between and switches the larger motor current on command. {| class="wikitable" |+ !'''Actuator''' !Main features !Typical use |- |Brushed DC motor |Simple and Cheap |Small wheeled robots |- |Brushless DC (BLDC) motor |Efficient and long lasting, needs a special controller |Drones, wheel hub motors |- |Stepper motor |Moves in fixed steps, position without feedback |3D printers, simple arms |- |Servo motor |Has a built in position control loop |Hobby arms, grippers |- |Linear actuator |Moves in a straight line |lifting mechanisms |- |Pneumatic or hydraulic |Very high force |Industrial and heavy robots |} A common motor driver for DC motors is the H-bridge. It uses four switches arranged like the letter H, with motor in the middle. By closing a different pair of switches, the contoller can reverse the motor, brake it or let it spin freely. Figure 3 shows the idea. image[] == Software of the Robot Brain == Hardware alone does nothing. The software tells the processor how to read the sensors input, make decisions based on those inputs and drive the motors. In a robot, this software is arranged in layers, So each layer can be built and tested on its own. === The Software Stack === At the bottom is the hardware, and just above it sits the code that hides hardware details from the rest of system. The operating system then shares the processor between tasks, and the higher layers hold the algorithms and the robot's overall mission figure 4[[]] === Programming Languages === * C and C++ : The most common choices for firmware and real-time code, because they give direct control over memory and hardware. * Python: Often used for high-level logic, quick prototypes and AI tools. * Rust: A newer language that is growing in popularity because it prevents many memory errors. * VHDL and Verilog: Languages that decribe the circuits inside an FPGA. * MATLAB and Simulink: Used for model-based design, and they can generate C code automatically. === RTOS concepts === An RTOS splits the software into separate tasks, which are small programs that run side by side. A scheduler decides which task gets the processor at any moment, and it always favours the most priority one. {| class="wikitable" |+ |Concept |Meaning |- |Task |An independent piece of code with its own stack of memory. |- |Priority |An indication concept showing how urgent a task is, where a higher priority runs first. |- |Preemption |Pausing a running task so a more urgent one can start. |- |Semaphore or Mutex |A lock that lets tasks take turns using a shared resource. |- |Queue |A safe way to pass data between tasks or from an interrupt. |- |ISR (Interrupt Service Routine) |A short piece of code that runs the moment a hardware event happens. |- |Priority Inversion |A low-priority task blocks a high-priority one,which is fixerd priority inheritance. |} === Typical Frimware Flow === Most robot frimware follows the same pattern. It starts up, checks itself, and then repeats a loop of reading, deciding and acting. A timer interrupt runs the fast control loop at a fixed rate while the main loop handles slower work. If a fault is found at any time, the robot moves to safe state and stops the motors. image <nowiki>[{{block diagram}}]</nowiki> == Essential Formulas == This section collects the formulas that embedded robotics designers use most often. Each one is explained in words and followed by a small worked example, so the maths can be checked by hand. === PWM (Pules Width Modulation) (motor speed control): === Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) switches the supply on and off very quickly. The longer the supply stays on in each cycle, the higher the average voltage the motor receives, and the faster it turns. <math>\begin{aligned} D &= \frac{T_{on}}{T_{period}} \\ V_{avg} &= D \times V_{supply} \\ f_{PWM} &= \frac{1}{T_{period}} \end{aligned}</math> Here D is the Duty Cycle, which is the fraction of each period that signal is on. For instance: with a 12v supply and a 60% duty cycle, V_avg =0.6 x 12 = 7.2V. === ADC resolution === An ADC with N bits splits its reference voltage into 2^N equal steps. The size of one step is called the LSB, and it sets the smallest change the robot can detect. <math>\begin{aligned} \text{LSB} &= \frac{V_{ref}}{2^{N}} \\ \text{Digital value} &= \frac{V_{in}}{V_{ref}} \times (2^{N}-1) \end{aligned}</math> Example: A 12 bit ADC with V_ref = 3.3V has a step of 3.3 / 4096 ≈ 0.806mV. === Encoder measurements === An encoder produces a fixed number of pulses for each turn of the wheel, called PPR (pulses per revolution). A quadrate encoder has two signals, so the controller can count four edges per pulse. This gives CPR, the counts per revolution. <math>\begin{aligned} CPR &= PPR \times 4 \\ \text{Wheel speed (rev/s)} &= \frac{\Delta \text{counts}}{CPR \times \Delta t} \\ \text{Distance} &= \frac{\text{counts}}{CPR} \times 2\pi r \end{aligned}</math> Example: With PPR = 500, CPR = 2000. For a wheel of radius 5 cm, 2000 counts mean one full turn, which is 2π(0.05) ≈ 0.314m of travel. === Ultrasonic and time of flight distance === These sensors send out a pulse and time how long the echo takes to return. Pulse travels to the object and back, so the result is divided by two. <math>\begin{aligned} d &= \frac{v \times t}{2} \\ v_{sound} &\approx 331.3 + 0.606\,T \ \text{m/s} \\ d_{LiDAR} &= \frac{c \times t}{2}, \quad c = 3\times10^{8}\ \text{m/s} \end{aligned}</math> In these formulas T is the air temperatur in degree centigrade and c is the speed of light. === Differential drive kinematics === Many small robots have two driven wheels on either side. Steering is done by running the wheels at different speeds. Let r be the wheel radius, L the distance between the wheels, and ωR and ωL the wheel speeds. //Image The forward speed V and the robot's turn rate ω follow from the two wheels speeds: <math>\begin{aligned} v &= \frac{r(\omega_R + \omega_L)}{2} \\ \omega &= \frac{r(\omega_R - \omega_L)}{L} \end{aligned}</math> The controller updates the pose in small time steps Δt. This method is called odometry: <math>\begin{aligned} x_{new} &= x + v\cos\theta\,\Delta t \\ y_{new} &= y + v\sin\theta\,\Delta t \\ \theta_{new} &= \theta + \omega\,\Delta t \end{aligned}</math> Going the other way, the wheel speeds needed for a wanted speed V and turn rate ω are: <math>\begin{aligned} \omega_R &= \frac{2v + \omega L}{2r} \\ \omega_L &= \frac{2v - \omega L}{2r} \end{aligned}</math> === PID control === A PID controller is the mot common way to hold a value, such as wheel speed, at a target. It looks at the error e, which is the setpoint minus the measured value, and combines three parts. the P part reacts to the present error, the I part adds up past error, and the D part reacts to how fasst the error changing. <math>\begin{aligned} u(t) &= K_p\,e(t) + K_i \int e(t)\,dt + K_d \frac{de(t)}{dt} \\ u[k] &= K_p\,e[k] + K_i\,T \sum_{i} e[i] + K_d\,\frac{e[k]-e[k-1]}{T} \end{aligned}</math> The second line is the discrete form that firmware actually runs, where T is the sample time. //image {| class="wikitable" |+ !Gain !What happens when it is increased |- |Kp |Faster response, but more overshoot and possible oscillation |- |ki |Removes the leftover steady error, but can cause windup |- |Kd |Adds damping and reduces overshoot, but amplifies noise |} Anti windup: When the output is already at its limit, the integral part keeps growing and later causes a large overshoot. To prevent this, the integral is clamped or paused while the output is saturated. === Sensor fusion === Every sensor has weaknesses. A gyroscope is smooth but drifts over time, while an accelerometer is noisy but does not drift. Sensor fusion combines them to get a better estimate than either could give alone. The complementary filter is the simplest method. It trusts the gyroscope for quick changes and the accelerometer for the long term average: do75k44li98peovhjy50lr8is0xwm9p 4680929 4680917 2026-11-08T10:37:37Z Tej-09 3629922 4680929 wikitext text/x-wiki = Embedded Systems in Autonomous Robotics: The Brain Behind Intelligent Machines. = '''Embedded system''' is a computational system that is developed based on integration of both hardware and software in order to perform certain assigned tasks. It can also be described as a dedicated computer system, which has been developed to perform a particular set of tasks. But it is not our traditional computer system or general purpose computers. These are the Embedded systems that may work independently or attached to a larger system to work on a few specific functions. These embedded systems can work without human intervention or with little human intervention. // image '''Autonomous robots''', from warehouse carrier to mars rover, depends on a small computer hidden inside it. That computer reads sensors, make descisions and drives motors, usually many times per second and without a human in the loop. This computer is an embedded system. // image This chapter explains what Embedded systems are, how they are built into autonomous robots, which hardware and software they use, the mathematics behind their control and navigation, and where the field is heading. '''What to expect from this page:''' * Define Embedded System, Autonomous Robot, real time system and RTOS. * Express the Sense, Think, Act architecture of a robot. * Compare microcontrollers, microprocessors, DSPs, FPGAs, SoCs, and AI accelerators. * Explain common sensors, actuators and communication buses. * Apply the key formulas: PWM, ADC, resolution, encoder counts, differential-drive Kinematics, PID, Kalman filtering, and real time schedulability. * Describe safety, security and power constraints, and future trends. == Introduction to Embedded Systems in Autonomous Robotics: == '''Embedded Systems in Autonomous Robotics''' refer to the combination of dedicated computing hardware and specialized software integrated into robotic machines to perform sensing, data processing, decision making, communicatio, and motion control in real time. Envision a robot weaving its way through a busy room with obstacles and interferences, it spots those obstacles, and interferences, recognizes familiar objects, figures out where it is and chooses the safest route to its goal all on its own without anyone guiding it. Now the question that arises, How does a machine perform these activites without anyone controlling it manually? The brain behind this robots moving like a living organism, to have a mind of its own to think, analyze, and determine the right path towards its journey is the integration of Embedded systems, sensors, processors, control algorithms, and intelligent software. Modern autonomous robots are not simply mechanical structures equipped with motors. They are complex electronic systems capable of collecting information from their surrondings, processing that information in making decisions and performing physical actions. An Autonomous robot continuously performs four fundamental operations: # Sensing: Collecting information from the environment using sensors embedded on the mechanical robot structure. # Processing: Analyzing the collected information using embedded processors. # Decision making: Selecting an appropriate action based on algorithms and environmental conditions from the set of available options on the field for the right course of goal. # Actuation: Executing the selected action through motors, servos, and other actuators. For example, consider an autonomous delivery robot operating inside a closed room with obstacles on ts path: * LIDAR sensor measures distances to its surrounding objects. * Depth cameras identify obstacles and environmental structures. * An embedded processor processes the sensor information. * Navigation algorithms calculate a safe path. * Motor contollers receive commands to move the wheels. * Feedback sensors continously monitor the robot's movement. /* image */ === Beforehand we get in detail about Embedded systems in Autonomous Robotics there some terms we have to get familiar with, which are: === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S.NO !Terms !Definition |- |1. |Embedded Systems |A dedicated computing system built into a larger device to perform specific funtions, usually with real-time and resource constraints. |- |2. |Robot |A programmable machine that senses its environment and acts on it through actuators. |- |3. |Autonomous Robot |A robot that performs tasks and makes decisions in an unstructured environment without continuos human control. |- |4. |Microcontroller (MCU) |A single chip containing a CPU, memory and peripherals (timers, ADC, URAT, etc.). |- |5. |Microprocessor (MPU) |A CPU that needs external memory and peripherals, run full operating system such as Linux. |- |6. |Firmware |Software stored in no-volatile memory that runs directly on the embedded hardware. |- |7. |Real Time System |A system whose correctness depends on both the result and the time at which it is produced. |- |8. |Hard real-Time |Missing a deadline is a system failure (eg: airbag, motor current loop). |- |9. |Soft real-time |Missing a deadline degrades quality but is tolerable (eg: video streaming). |- |10. |RTOS |A real-time operating system that guarantees bounded, predictable task response. |- |11. |Latency |Delay between an event (sensor change) and the system response. |- |12. |Jitter |The small variation in timing of a task that is supposed to repeat at exact intervals. |- |13. |Actuator |A device that converts energy and control signals into physical motion. |- |14. |SLAM |Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: building a map while tracking position inside it. |- |15. |Degrees of freedom (DOF) |The number of independent, individual movements or parameters a robot joint or end effector can make in sppace. |} ====== If a question arises that, Why do we have to use Embedded Systems instead of a general PC? ====== To answer this primarily we need to understand that Robots need low power, small size, low cost, deterministic timing and direct hardware access. A desktop OS cannot guarantee that a motor control loop runs every 1ms, an embedded controller with an RTOS can meet these requirements of cost cutting. ===== Relationship between Embedded Systems and Robotics: ===== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Embedded Systems !Autonomous Robotics |- |Process sensor inputs |Understand the environment |- |Execute firmware |Perform robotic tasks |- |Control electronic hardware |Control movement and interaction |- |Manage communication |Coordinate robotic subsystems |- |Handle real time operations |Respond to environmental changes |} Embedded systems provide the computational intelligence that allows a robot to transform sensor information into physical actions. === The Sense, Think, Act Architecture: === Almost every autonomous robot works in a repeating cycle. It first senses the world (its surroundings), then thinks about what it found on its path and finally analizes and acts upon it accordingly through follow the right course. // block diagram 1 The controller is the core of everything. Signals from the sensors is filtered and converted into numbers, which are further processed by the controller in three stages, and the ouput leaves in the form of power signals for the motors. The motors affect the environment, the sensors detect the changes, and the cycle begins again. === The layered view: === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Layer !Typical rate !Typical Hardware !Example task |- |Reactive (low level) |1-20 KHz |MCU |Motor current loop, reading encoders. |- |Control |100Hz - 1KHz |MCU with an RTOS |Wheel speed PID, balance control. |- |Perception |10-60Hz |SoC, GPU or NPU |Object detection, SLAM. |- |Planning and mission |1-10Hz |Application processor |Path planing, behaviour logic. |- |Cloud and fleet |seconds or more |Remote Server |Fleet management, map sharing. |} == Hardware of the Robot Brain: == The hardware of a robot brain is a mix of processor, memory, sensors, actuators and the circuits that connect them. Each part is chosen to match the speed, power and cost that needs of that job. # '''Processing Platforms:''' No single chip is best for every task, so robots often combine several type of chips whose performace varies on the task it is performing. A small MCU handles fast motor control. while a stronger processor or an AI chip handles vision and planning. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Platform !Strengths !Weaknesses !Typical robot use |- |MCU (ARM Cortex-M, AVR, ESP32) |Low power, low cost, predictable timing, many built-in peripherals. |Limited speed and memory. |Motor control, reading sensors. |- |MPU or application processor (ARM Cortex-A) |Runs Linux, plenty of memory |Less predictable timing, uses more power. |High level planning, ROS2. |- |DSP (Digital Signal Processing) |Very fast at repeated multiply and add maths |Narrow range of uses. |Filtering, audio, radar. |- |FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) |Does many things in parallel, very low delay. |Harder to program |Camera pipelines, fast motor loops. |- |GPU, NPU or TPU |Runs neural networks quickly. |High power use. |Object detection, perception. |- |SoC (system on chip) |Puts CPU, GPU and NPU on one chip. |Complex and costly |Modern autonomous platforms. |} === Inside a microcontroller: === A Microcontroller is a complete small computer on one chip. Basically the microcontroller consists of a processor, pheripherals, and specified I/O pins on one single board. The CPU, the memory and all the peripherals are joined by one internal bus, so any of them can exchange data. //block diagram2 ===== Simplified internal strcture of an MCU: ===== Key peripherals # '''Timers and PWM:''' Produce precise pulses to control motor speed or servo angle. # '''ADC (Analog to Digital converter):''' Turns a sensor's changing voltage continuous signal into binary form so that the CPU can analyze. # '''DMA (Direct Memory Access):''' Moves data around without using the CPU, which leaves more time for control code. # '''Interrupt Controller:''' Lets urgent events, such as an encoder pulse or an emergency stop, pause normal code immediately. === Memory Types: === {| class="wikitable" |+ !'''Memory''' !Keeps data without Power? !Use in robotics |- |Flash |Yes |Firmware and Calibration data |- |SRAM |No |Variables, stacks and buffers |- |DRAM |No |Large buffers such as images and maps (on MPU or SoC) |- |EEPROM or FRAM |Yes |Settings and logs |} === Sensors: === Sensors are the robot's senses. Some measure the robot itself (its wheel turns and tilt), and others measure the surrondings around it (distance and images). {| class="wikitable" |+ !'''Sensor''' !What it measures !How it works !Typical output |- |Rotary encoder |Wheel or joint angle and speed |Optical or magnetic pulses |Digital pulses |- |IMU (Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Magnetometer) |Acceleration, turn rate and heading |Tiny MEMS structures |I2C or SPI digital data |- |Ultrasonic |Distance, from centimetres to metres |Time taken by a sound echo |Pulse width |- |Infrared or time of flight |Short range distance |Reflected light |Analog voltage or I2C |- |LiDAR |Distance scan, 2D or 3D point cloud |Time taken by laser light to return |UART or Ethernet |- |Camera |Images |CMOS image sensor |MIPI or USB |- |GPS / GNSS |Position on Earth |Timing signals from staellites |UART (NMEA text) |- |Current sensor |Motor current |Hall effect or shunt resistor |Analog voltage |- |Force or torque sensor |Contact forces |Strain gauge |Analog voltage |} === Acutators and motor drives: === Actuators make the robot move. The embedded controller cannot power a motor directly, because its pins supply only a tiny current. A motor driver sits in between and switches the larger motor current on command. {| class="wikitable" |+ !'''Actuator''' !Main features !Typical use |- |Brushed DC motor |Simple and Cheap |Small wheeled robots |- |Brushless DC (BLDC) motor |Efficient and long lasting, needs a special controller |Drones, wheel hub motors |- |Stepper motor |Moves in fixed steps, position without feedback |3D printers, simple arms |- |Servo motor |Has a built in position control loop |Hobby arms, grippers |- |Linear actuator |Moves in a straight line |lifting mechanisms |- |Pneumatic or hydraulic |Very high force |Industrial and heavy robots |} A common motor driver for DC motors is the H-bridge. It uses four switches arranged like the letter H, with motor in the middle. By closing a different pair of switches, the contoller can reverse the motor, brake it or let it spin freely. Figure 3 shows the idea. image[] == Software of the Robot Brain == Hardware alone does nothing. The software tells the processor how to read the sensors input, make decisions based on those inputs and drive the motors. In a robot, this software is arranged in layers, So each layer can be built and tested on its own. === The Software Stack: === At the bottom is the hardware, and just above it sits the code that hides hardware details from the rest of system. The operating system then shares the processor between tasks, and the higher layers hold the algorithms and the robot's overall mission figure 4[[]] === Programming Languages: === * C and C++ : The most common choices for firmware and real-time code, because they give direct control over memory and hardware. * Python: Often used for high-level logic, quick prototypes and AI tools. * Rust: A newer language that is growing in popularity because it prevents many memory errors. * VHDL and Verilog: Languages that decribe the circuits inside an FPGA. * MATLAB and Simulink: Used for model-based design, and they can generate C code automatically. === RTOS concepts: === An RTOS splits the software into separate tasks, which are small programs that run side by side. A scheduler decides which task gets the processor at any moment, and it always favours the most priority one. {| class="wikitable" |+ |Concept |Meaning |- |Task |An independent piece of code with its own stack of memory. |- |Priority |An indication concept showing how urgent a task is, where a higher priority runs first. |- |Preemption |Pausing a running task so a more urgent one can start. |- |Semaphore or Mutex |A lock that lets tasks take turns using a shared resource. |- |Queue |A safe way to pass data between tasks or from an interrupt. |- |ISR (Interrupt Service Routine) |A short piece of code that runs the moment a hardware event happens. |- |Priority Inversion |A low-priority task blocks a high-priority one,which is fixerd priority inheritance. |} === Typical Frimware Flow: === Most robot frimware follows the same pattern. It starts up, checks itself, and then repeats a loop of reading, deciding and acting. A timer interrupt runs the fast control loop at a fixed rate while the main loop handles slower work. If a fault is found at any time, the robot moves to safe state and stops the motors. image <nowiki>[{{block diagram}}]</nowiki> == Essential Formulas == This section collects the formulas that embedded robotics designers use most often. Each one is explained in words and followed by a small worked example, so the maths can be checked by hand. === PWM (Pules Width Modulation) (motor speed control): === Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) switches the supply on and off very quickly. The longer the supply stays on in each cycle, the higher the average voltage the motor receives, and the faster it turns. * <math>\begin{aligned} D &= \frac{T_{on}}{T_{period}} \\ V_{avg} &= D \times V_{supply} \\ f_{PWM} &= \frac{1}{T_{period}} \end{aligned}</math> Here D is the Duty Cycle, which is the fraction of each period that signal is on. For instance: with a 12v supply and a 60% duty cycle, V_avg =0.6 x 12 = 7.2V. === ADC resolution: === An ADC with N bits splits its reference voltage into 2^N equal steps. The size of one step is called the LSB, and it sets the smallest change the robot can detect. * <math>\begin{aligned} \text{LSB} &= \frac{V_{ref}}{2^{N}} \\ \text{Digital value} &= \frac{V_{in}}{V_{ref}} \times (2^{N}-1) \end{aligned}</math> Example: A 12 bit ADC with V_ref = 3.3V has a step of 3.3 / 4096 ≈ 0.806mV. === Encoder measurements: === An encoder produces a fixed number of pulses for each turn of the wheel, called PPR (pulses per revolution). A quadrate encoder has two signals, so the controller can count four edges per pulse. This gives CPR, the counts per revolution. * <math>\begin{aligned} CPR &= PPR \times 4 \\ \text{Wheel speed (rev/s)} &= \frac{\Delta \text{counts}}{CPR \times \Delta t} \\ \text{Distance} &= \frac{\text{counts}}{CPR} \times 2\pi r \end{aligned}</math> Example: With PPR = 500, CPR = 2000. For a wheel of radius 5 cm, 2000 counts mean one full turn, which is 2π(0.05) ≈ 0.314m of travel. === Ultrasonic and time of flight distance: === These sensors send out a pulse and time how long the echo takes to return. Pulse travels to the object and back, so the result is divided by two. * <math>\begin{aligned} d &= \frac{v \times t}{2} \\ v_{sound} &\approx 331.3 + 0.606\,T \ \text{m/s} \\ d_{LiDAR} &= \frac{c \times t}{2}, \quad c = 3\times10^{8}\ \text{m/s} \end{aligned}</math> In these formulas T is the air temperatur in degree centigrade and c is the speed of light. === Differential drive kinematics: === Many small robots have two driven wheels on either side. Steering is done by running the wheels at different speeds. Let r be the wheel radius, L the distance between the wheels, and ωR and ωL the wheel speeds. //Image The forward speed V and the robot's turn rate ω follow from the two wheels speeds: * <math>\begin{aligned} v &= \frac{r(\omega_R + \omega_L)}{2} \\ \omega &= \frac{r(\omega_R - \omega_L)}{L} \end{aligned}</math> The controller updates the pose in small time steps Δt. This method is called odometry: * <math>\begin{aligned} x_{new} &= x + v\cos\theta\,\Delta t \\ y_{new} &= y + v\sin\theta\,\Delta t \\ \theta_{new} &= \theta + \omega\,\Delta t \end{aligned}</math> Going the other way, the wheel speeds needed for a wanted speed V and turn rate ω are: * <math>\begin{aligned} \omega_R &= \frac{2v + \omega L}{2r} \\ \omega_L &= \frac{2v - \omega L}{2r} \end{aligned}</math> === PID control: === A PID controller is the mot common way to hold a value, such as wheel speed, at a target. It looks at the error e, which is the setpoint minus the measured value, and combines three parts. the P part reacts to the present error, the I part adds up past error, and the D part reacts to how fasst the error changing. * <math>\begin{aligned} u(t) &= K_p\,e(t) + K_i \int e(t)\,dt + K_d \frac{de(t)}{dt} \\ u[k] &= K_p\,e[k] + K_i\,T \sum_{i} e[i] + K_d\,\frac{e[k]-e[k-1]}{T} \end{aligned}</math> The second line is the discrete form that firmware actually runs, where T is the sample time. //image {| class="wikitable" |+ !Gain !What happens when it is increased |- |Kp |Faster response, but more overshoot and possible oscillation |- |ki |Removes the leftover steady error, but can cause windup |- |Kd |Adds damping and reduces overshoot, but amplifies noise |} Anti windup: When the output is already at its limit, the integral part keeps growing and later causes a large overshoot. To prevent this, the integral is clamped or paused while the output is saturated. === Sensor fusion: === Every sensor has weaknesses. A gyroscope is smooth but drifts over time, while an accelerometer is noisy but does not drift. Sensor fusion combines them to get a better estimate than either could give alone. The complementary filter is the simplest method. It trusts the gyroscope for quick changes and the accelerometer for the long term average: * <math>\theta_{est} = \alpha\,(\theta_{est} + \omega_{gyro}\,\Delta t) + (1-\alpha)\,\theta_{accel}, \quad \alpha \approx 0.95 \text{ to } 0.99</math> The Kalman filter is a more powerful method that gives the best estimate for linear systems with Gaussain noise. It repeats two steps, predict and update: * <math>\begin{aligned} \hat{x}^- &= A\hat{x} + Bu \\ P^- &= A P A^{T} + Q \\ K &= P^- H^{T}\,(H P^- H^{T} + R)^{-1} \\ \hat{x} &= \hat{x}^- + K\,(z - H\hat{x}^-) \\ P &= (I - KH)\,P^- \end{aligned}</math> Here x is the state, P is the uncertainty, Q is the process noise, R is the measurement noise, Z is the new measurement and K is the Kalman gain. For nonlinear systems, robots use the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) or particle filters. === Path Planning with A*: === A* finds the cheapest route across a map. For each location n it adds the cost already spent, g(n), to a guess of the cost still to come, h(n), and always explores the lowest total first. * <math>\begin{aligned} f(n) &= g(n) + h(n) \\ h_{Euclid} &= \sqrt{(x_g-x_n)^2 + (y_g-y_n)^2} \\ h_{Manhattan} &= |x_g-x_n| + |y_g-y_n| \end{aligned}</math> A* gives the best path as long as h never overestimates the real remaining cost. Such a guess is called admissible. === Real time schedulability: === Before a design is accepted, its designer must check that every periodic task can meet its deadline. For n tasks with run time C_i and period T_i, tje CPU utilization is the sum of C_i / T_i. Rate Monotonic (RM) scheduling gives fixed priority to the tasks with the shortest periods. Earliest Deadline First (EDF) always runs the task whose deadline is closest. * <math>\begin{aligned} U &= \sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{C_i}{T_i} \\ U_{RM} &\le n\left(2^{1/n}-1\right) \\ U_{EDF} &\le 1 \end{aligned}</math> Example: Take three tasks with (C = 1ms, T = 5ms), (C = 2ms, T = 10ms) and (C = 3ms, T = 20ms). Then U = 0.20 + 0.20 +0.15 =0.55. The RM bound for three tasks is 0.78, so the task set is schedulable. //figure //Chart 1, with three tasks the RM guarantee is 78.0%, so the 55% example above passes easily. EDF accepts any setup to 100%. === Power and battery: === The battery size decides how long the robot can work. Energy is voltage time capacity, and runtime is the usable capacity divided by the average current. * <math>\begin{aligned} P &= V \times I \\ E_{Wh} &= V \times Ah \\ \text{Runtime (h)} &= \frac{\text{capacity (Ah)} \times \text{usable fraction}}{\text{average current (A)}} \end{aligned}</math> Example: A 12V, 5 Ah pack with 80% usable capacity and a 2 A average load runs for 5 x 0.8/2 = 2hours. //graph //Chart 2, Only loads of 1A or less meet a 4 hour runtime target on this pack. === Control Loop timing budget: === A control loop must finish its work before the next cycle begins. The worst case execution time (WCET) must therefore stay below the loop period, and the total delay from sensor to actuator should be kept small. * <math>\begin{aligned} T &= \frac{1}{f_{loop}} \\ WCET &< T \\ t_{latency} &= t_{sense} + t_{compute} + t_{comm} + t_{actuate} \end{aligned}</math> == Preception and Edge AI == Modern robots run machine learning models directly on their own hardware, this is called Edge AI. It avoids the delay of sending data to a remote server, and it keeps working when the network connection is lost. A typical perception pipeline starts with raw sensor data and ends with a controller command. Each step prepares the data for the next one. //figure The main techniques used in this process are: * Object detection and segmentation with convolutional neural networks, which find and outline object in images. * Visual odometry and SLAM, which estimate the robot's movement and build a map. * Sensor fusion of camera, LiDAR, radar and IMU data, so that one failing sensor does not blind the robot. * Model optimization for small hardware, using quantization (replacing 32-bit decimals with 8-bit integers),pruning (removing unneeded connections) and distillation (training a small model to copy a large one). Two simple measures help compare AI chips: * <math>\begin{aligned} \text{FPS} &= \frac{1}{\text{latency}} \\ \text{Efficiency} &= \frac{\text{TOPS}}{\text{Watt}} \end{aligned}</math> FPS is the number of frames processed each second, and TOPS means trillions of operations per second. == Navigation and Decision Making == Navigation answers three questions: where is the robot, where should it go, and how can it get there without hitting anything. === The navigation stack: === Navigation software is usually split into global planner, which finds a route across the whole map, and a local planner, which adjusts the path in real time around nearby obstacles. Both depend on an up to date obstacle map, called a costmap. //figure === Obstacle avoidance decision flow: === The simplest form of avoidance is reactive. The robot reads its distance sensors, checks the way ahead, and only changes direction if something is too close. //figure === Behaviour approaches: === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Approach !Main idea !Advantages !Disadvantages |- |Reactive |Sensor readings directly trigger actions |Fast and simple |No long term planning |- |Deliberative |Plan from a model of the world |Finds good paths |Slow and depends on the model |- |Hybrid |Reactive base with a planner above it |A good balance |More complex |- |Behaviour trees and state machines |Organized task logic |Easy to read and reuse |Needs carful design |- |Learning based |A policy learned from data |Handles complex situations |Hard to verify |} == Safety, Reliability, and Security == A robot that moves in the real worls can hurt people or damge property in case malfunction of that robot, so safety is the most priorty given in part of design of robot since day one. Several international standards guide this work: * IEC 61508 (general functional safety), * ISO 13849 and ISO 10218 (machinery and industrial robots), * ISO 26262 (road vehicles) and * ISO 13482 (personal care robots). {| class="wikitable" |+ !Technique !Purpose |- |Watchdog timers |Restart the system if the software locks up |- |Emergency stop (E-Stop) |Cut power to the actuators using hardware alone |- |Redundancy (two sensors or two processors) |Keep working safely after a single failure |- |Fail Safe state |Move to a harmless condition, usually stopped, when a fault appears |- |Memory protection (MPU) |Stop a faullty task from damaging other tasks |- |Self test and diagnostics |Find faults early, before they cause harm |- |Over current and over temperature protection |Protect motors and batteries from damage |} '''Realiability:''' A common measure is availability, which is the fraction of time the system is working. It is calculated as MTBF / (MTBF + MTTR), where MTBF is the mean time between failures and MTTR is the mean time to repair. '''Security:''' A robot connected to a network can be attacked like any other computer. Good practice includes secure boot, signed firmware updates, encrypted communication, strong access control and giving each part only the permissions it needs. == Power Management == Power is one of the biggest limits in robot design, because more battery means more weight and more cost. * '''Batteries:''' Lithium io and LiPo packs stores a lot of energy for their weight. They need a battery management system (BMS) that balances the cells and guards against over voltage, under voltage and high temperature. * '''Regulators:''' Buck converts step the voltage down efficiently, while LDO regulators are quiet but waste the difference as heat. * '''Efficiency:''' The share of input power that reaches the load, calculated as η = P_out / P_in. * '''Low power techniques:''' Sleep modes, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling, switching off sensors that are not in use, and efficient algorithms. * '''Dynamic power of a CPU:''' Roughly P = C x V² x f, so having the volatge cuts dynamic power to about a quarter. //figure Chart 3, Lowering the voltage saves far more power than lowering the frequency alone, which is why dynamic voltage and frequency scaling is widely used. == Applications == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Domain !Example !Role of the Embedded System |- |Industry |Mobile robots and robotic arms |Motion control and safety |- |Logistics |Warehouse shuttles |Navigation and fleet communication |- |Agriculture |Autonomous tractors and harvesters |GNSS navigation and vision |- |Healthcare |Surgical and rehabilitation robots |Precise force and position control |- |Home |Robot vaccum cleaners |Low cost SLAM and cliff detection |- |Aerospace and defence |UAVs and planetary rovers |Flight control and radiation tolerant design |- |Underwater |Autonomous underwater vehicles |Low-power navigation and sealed electronics |- |Automotive |Self driving cars |Sensor fusion and ISO 26262 safety |} == Challenges and Future Trends == === Challenges: === # Strict limits on power, size, weight and cost. # Keeping timing guarantees while running heavy AI workloads. # Sensor noise, drift and failure in unpredictable surroundings. # Testing and certifying software that learns from data. # Protecting connected robots from cyber attacks. # Handling heat and keeping hardware reliable over many years. === Trends: === * Mixed SoCs that combine CPU, GPU, NPU and real time cores on one chip. * TinyML and neuromorphic chips for very low power intelligence. * Micro ROS and ROS2 bringing standard robot middleware to small MCUs. * Open hardware and simulation based testing. * Swarm robotics and fleets linked over 5G and 6G. * Secure over the air software updates. * Foundation models and vision language models that guide robot behaviour. == Summary == An Autonomous Robot is only as capable as the embedded system driving it. That system ties sensing, decision making and movement together in one fast, tightly timed loop. Getting it right means picking hardware that fits the job, writing software that responds predictably, using solid control and estimation maths, and building in safety, security and power efficiency from the start. == Review Questions == # Explain the difference between a microcontroller and a microprocessor. Which one suits a 1KHz motor control loop? # A 10 bit ADC with V_ref = 5V reads a value of 512. What is the input voltage? # A robot has a wheel radius of a 4 cm and a wheel separation L =20 cm. If ωR = 20 rad/s and ωL =16 rad/s, find V and ω. # What is integral windup, and how can it be prevented? # Three tasks use 0.25, 0.30 and 0.20 of the CPU. Can Rate Monotonic scheduling guarantee them? # Why is a watchdog timer important in a robot? p98wfygl9rfnf1qmz1iweo9276c37yb 0 486812 4680797 4680610 2026-11-07T23:27:02Z Erm4zh 3630431 /* Investigation and Timeline */ 4680797 wikitext text/x-wiki '''CLASS PROJECT IN PROGRESS: DO NOT DELETE''' == Background == On June 12, 2025, Air India Flight 171 departed Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, bound for London Gatwick Airport. At 08:09 UTC, about 32 seconds after liftoff, the aircraft struck the hostel buildings of Byramjee Jeejeebhoy (BJ) Medical College.<ref name="wiki-ai171" /><ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The crash killed 229 of the 230 passengers, all 12 crew members, and 19 people on the ground, a total death toll of 260. The sole surviving passenger and 67 people on the ground were seriously injured.<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The aircraft was a Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner, registration VT-ANB, manufactured in 2013 and delivered to Air India in January 2014.<ref name="wiki-ai171" /> At the time of the accident it had 41,868 total airframe hours. Its two General Electric GEnx-1B engines, built in 2012 and 2013, were installed on March 26 and May 1, 2025.<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> == Investigation and Timeline == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Date !Event |- |June 12, 2025 |Flight AI171 crashes; AAIB on site same day<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> |- |June 24, 2025 |Forward EAFR downloaded in Delhi with NTSB-supplied equipment<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> |- |July 12, 2025 |Preliminary investigation report published by India's AAIB<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> |- |July 14, 2025 |DGCA mandates fuel switch lock inspections<ref name="dgca-order" /> |- |July 17, 2025 |WSJ, citing US officials, implicates the captain<ref name="sf-wsj" /> |- |July 17-18, 2025 |AAIB appeals against speculation; NTSB chair calls media reports premature<ref name="dc-ntsb" /> |- |July 24, 2025 |FAA administrator rules out a mechanical switch fault<ref name="nbc-faa" /> |- |September 22, 2025 |Supreme Court criticizes selective leaks and the pilot-blame narrative<ref name="tribune-sc" /> |- |October 10, 2025 |Captain's father and pilots' federation petition for an independent probe<ref name="dh-petition" /> |- |April 7, 2026 |Air India CEO Campbell Wilson steps down<ref name="bbc-wilson" /> |- |June 12, 2026 |One-year interim statement issued by India's AAIB<ref name="pib-interim" /> |- |July 28, 2026 |Supreme Court defers pleas pending the sealed final report<ref name="dh-sc-jul" /> |} == Institutional Responses == === Air India === === Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) === === Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) === === UK Government === == Professionalism and Deflection of Responsibility == On April 7, 2026, Air India announced the resignation of their CEO Campbell Wilson, citing his success in bringing the airline from public to private and his readiness to "hand over the reins for the next phase of Air India’s rise".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcement |url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Announcement.html |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.airindia.com |language=en}}</ref> However, news sources reference the impact of financial losses and increased scrutiny following the crash of Flight 171. Contrary to Air India's statement, the company was grappling with immense restructuring and refurbishing operations while also dealing with safety concerns.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-07 |title=Air India: CEO Campbell Wilson steps down early as losses mount |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg49gq9y16o |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Given that the engines on Flight 171 were replaced less than three months before the crash, along with technical discrepancies regarding the fuel control switches and the thrust levers, it is possible that there were some gaps in the retrofitting and refurbishing processes that were not addressed. Campbell Wilson was tapped to join the board of directors of Air New Zealand on August 18, 2026.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-08-18 |title=Air New Zealand taps former Air India CEO Campbell Wilson for board |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/air-new-zealand-taps-former-air-india-ceo-campbell-wilson-board-2026-08-18/ |access-date=2026-11-06}}</ref> Under the guise of "handing over the reins", Wilson is able to absolve himself of direct responsibility by removing himself from public scrutiny as the face of Air India. Especially with the final report not being released yet, the next CEO will face the brunt of the backlash despite not being the decisionmaker that led to these circumstances, and Wilson can continue to remain distanced from those reactions. Furthermore, the fact that he was still selected to join Air New Zealand's governing board shows that this setback has not impacted his career or reputation in the eyes of other employers. Most concerningly, the fact that the investigation has taken so long with very little updates from official channels begs the question of whether a secondary narrative is being constructed to overshadow the evidence. With so many agencies and associations being involved, it is important to consider what other motives could be the cause of the delay. == Conclusion and Future Updates == == References == <references> <ref name="wiki-ai171">"Air India Flight 171," Wikipedia, Nov. 2, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 4, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_India_Flight_171&oldid=1383313049</ref> <ref name="aaib-prelim">Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau, Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India, "Preliminary report: Accident involving Air India's B787-8 aircraft bearing registration VT-ANB at Ahmedabad on 12 June 2025," New Delhi, India, Jul. 2025. [Online]. Available: https://aaib.gov.in/What%27s%20New%20Assets/Preliminary%20Report%20VT-ANB.pdf</ref> <ref name="dgca-order">"DGCA orders airlines to inspect fuel switch locking system in Boeing aircraft by July 21," Business Today, Jul. 14, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/dgca-orders-airlines-to-check-all-boeing-aircraft-fuel-switch-locks-by-july-21-484559-2025-07-14</ref> <ref name="sf-wsj">L. Bodell, "New information suggests captain may be involved in Air India fuel switch shut off," Simple Flying, Jul. 17, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://simpleflying.com/air-india-captain-maybe-involved-boeing-787-crash/</ref> <ref name="dc-ntsb">"Premature, speculative: US probe agency slams media reports on AI 171," Deccan Chronicle, Jul. 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/premature-speculative-us-probe-agency-slams-media-reports-on-ai-171-1892403</ref> <ref name="nbc-faa">D. Shepardson, "FAA sees no mechanical issue with 787 Boeing fuel control unit after Air India crash," NBC News (Reuters), Jul. 24, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.nbcnews.com/world/india/faa-sees-no-mechanical-issue-787-boeing-fuel-control-unit-air-india-cr-rcna221079</ref> <ref name="tribune-sc">"Air India crash: Supreme Court seeks response of Centre, DGCA on plea seeking independent probe," The Tribune, Sep. 22, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/air-india-crash-supreme-court-seeks-response-of-centre-dgca-on-plea-seeking-independent-probe/amp</ref> <ref name="dh-petition">A. Tripathi, "Father of deceased pilot in Ahmedabad crash moves SC for court monitored probe," Deccan Herald, Oct. 16, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/story/india%2Ffather-of-deceased-pilot-in-ahmedabad-crash-moves-sc-for-court-monitored-probe-3766766</ref> <ref name="bbc-wilson">"Air India: CEO Campbell Wilson steps down early as losses mount," BBC News, Apr. 7, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 6, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg49gq9y16o</ref> <ref name="pib-interim">Press Information Bureau, "AAIB interim statement on the progress of investigation into the accident involving Air India Flight AI-171," Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India, Jun. 12, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2272247</ref> <ref name="dh-sc-jul">"Supreme Court awaits final AAIB report before deciding on independent probe into Ahmedabad plane crash," Deccan Herald, Jul. 28, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.deccanherald.com/india/supreme-court-awaits-final-aaib-report-before-deciding-on-independent-probe-into-ahmedabad-plane-crash-4090728</ref> <!-- Not yet cited in the body; uncomment when used, or the page shows an unused-reference error: <ref name="ai-announcement">Air India, "Announcement," press release. Accessed: Nov. 6, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Announcement.html</ref> <ref name="reuters-airnz">"Air New Zealand taps former Air India CEO Campbell Wilson for board," Reuters, Aug. 18, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.reuters.com/business/air-new-zealand-taps-former-air-india-ceo-campbell-wilson-board-2026-08-18/</ref> --> </references> {{BookCat}} {{BookCat}} b6c56cih05qzipe4qarpjv9qdi30u1y 4680798 4680797 2026-11-07T23:44:07Z Erm4zh 3630431 /* Investigation and Timeline */ 4680798 wikitext text/x-wiki '''CLASS PROJECT IN PROGRESS: DO NOT DELETE''' == Background == On June 12, 2025, Air India Flight 171 departed Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, bound for London Gatwick Airport. At 08:09 UTC, about 32 seconds after liftoff, the aircraft struck the hostel buildings of Byramjee Jeejeebhoy (BJ) Medical College.<ref name="wiki-ai171" /><ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The crash killed 229 of the 230 passengers, all 12 crew members, and 19 people on the ground, a total death toll of 260. The sole surviving passenger and 67 people on the ground were seriously injured.<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The aircraft was a Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner, registration VT-ANB, manufactured in 2013 and delivered to Air India in January 2014.<ref name="wiki-ai171" /> At the time of the accident it had 41,868 total airframe hours. Its two General Electric GEnx-1B engines, built in 2012 and 2013, were installed on March 26 and May 1, 2025.<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> == Investigation and Timeline == India's Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) leads the investigation under Annex 13 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation and India's Aircraft (Investigation of Accidents and Incidents) Rules, 2017. Both frameworks state that the sole objective of an investigation is preventing future accidents, not apportioning blame or liability. <ref name="aaib-prelim" /> As the State of Deisgn and Manufacture, the United States was represented by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). The NTSB appointed an accredited representative with technical advisers from Boeing, GE, and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), who arrived in Ahmedabad on June 15, 2025. The United Kingdom, Portugal, and Canada were notified as States whose citizens died in the crash. <ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The AAIB released its preliminary report 30 days after the accident. The report presented factual findings only; it identified no cause and issued no safety recommendations.<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The investigation did not produce a final report within one year. Instead, the AAIB issued an interim statement on the anniversary, stating that the final report would follow international review and consultation under Annex 13. <ref name="pib-interim" /> In July 2026, the Indian government told the Supreme Court that the draft final report would be submitted in a sealed cover in the first week of October. <ref name="dh-sc-jul" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Date !Event |- |June 12, 2025 |Flight AI171 crashes; AAIB on site same day<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> |- |June 24, 2025 |Forward EAFR downloaded in Delhi with NTSB-supplied equipment<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> |- |July 12, 2025 |Preliminary investigation report published by India's AAIB<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> |- |July 14, 2025 |DGCA mandates fuel switch lock inspections<ref name="dgca-order" /> |- |July 17, 2025 |WSJ, citing US officials, implicates the captain<ref name="sf-wsj" /> |- |July 17-18, 2025 |AAIB appeals against speculation; NTSB chair calls media reports premature<ref name="dc-ntsb" /> |- |July 24, 2025 |FAA administrator rules out a mechanical switch fault<ref name="nbc-faa" /> |- |September 22, 2025 |Supreme Court criticizes selective leaks and the pilot-blame narrative<ref name="tribune-sc" /> |- |October 10, 2025 |Captain's father and pilots' federation petition for an independent probe<ref name="dh-petition" /> |- |April 7, 2026 |Air India CEO Campbell Wilson steps down<ref name="bbc-wilson" /> |- |June 12, 2026 |One-year interim statement issued by India's AAIB<ref name="pib-interim" /> |- |July 28, 2026 |Supreme Court defers pleas pending the sealed final report<ref name="dh-sc-jul" /> |} The timeline shows two processes running in parallel. The formal investigation moved slowly and released little. Meanwhile, regulators, officials, and advocacy groups made public claims about cause and responsibility, many of them within two weeks of the preliminary report. As of November 2026, the final report has not been published, so those claims remain unverified by the investigating authority. == Institutional Responses == === Air India === === Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) === === Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) === === UK Government === == Professionalism and Deflection of Responsibility == On April 7, 2026, Air India announced the resignation of their CEO Campbell Wilson, citing his success in bringing the airline from public to private and his readiness to "hand over the reins for the next phase of Air India’s rise".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcement |url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Announcement.html |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.airindia.com |language=en}}</ref> However, news sources reference the impact of financial losses and increased scrutiny following the crash of Flight 171. Contrary to Air India's statement, the company was grappling with immense restructuring and refurbishing operations while also dealing with safety concerns.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-07 |title=Air India: CEO Campbell Wilson steps down early as losses mount |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg49gq9y16o |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Given that the engines on Flight 171 were replaced less than three months before the crash, along with technical discrepancies regarding the fuel control switches and the thrust levers, it is possible that there were some gaps in the retrofitting and refurbishing processes that were not addressed. Campbell Wilson was tapped to join the board of directors of Air New Zealand on August 18, 2026.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-08-18 |title=Air New Zealand taps former Air India CEO Campbell Wilson for board |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/air-new-zealand-taps-former-air-india-ceo-campbell-wilson-board-2026-08-18/ |access-date=2026-11-06}}</ref> Under the guise of "handing over the reins", Wilson is able to absolve himself of direct responsibility by removing himself from public scrutiny as the face of Air India. Especially with the final report not being released yet, the next CEO will face the brunt of the backlash despite not being the decisionmaker that led to these circumstances, and Wilson can continue to remain distanced from those reactions. Furthermore, the fact that he was still selected to join Air New Zealand's governing board shows that this setback has not impacted his career or reputation in the eyes of other employers. Most concerningly, the fact that the investigation has taken so long with very little updates from official channels begs the question of whether a secondary narrative is being constructed to overshadow the evidence. With so many agencies and associations being involved, it is important to consider what other motives could be the cause of the delay. == Conclusion and Future Updates == == References == <references> <ref name="wiki-ai171">"Air India Flight 171," Wikipedia, Nov. 2, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 4, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_India_Flight_171&oldid=1383313049</ref> <ref name="aaib-prelim">Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau, Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India, "Preliminary report: Accident involving Air India's B787-8 aircraft bearing registration VT-ANB at Ahmedabad on 12 June 2025," New Delhi, India, Jul. 2025. [Online]. Available: https://aaib.gov.in/What%27s%20New%20Assets/Preliminary%20Report%20VT-ANB.pdf</ref> <ref name="dgca-order">"DGCA orders airlines to inspect fuel switch locking system in Boeing aircraft by July 21," Business Today, Jul. 14, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/dgca-orders-airlines-to-check-all-boeing-aircraft-fuel-switch-locks-by-july-21-484559-2025-07-14</ref> <ref name="sf-wsj">L. Bodell, "New information suggests captain may be involved in Air India fuel switch shut off," Simple Flying, Jul. 17, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://simpleflying.com/air-india-captain-maybe-involved-boeing-787-crash/</ref> <ref name="dc-ntsb">"Premature, speculative: US probe agency slams media reports on AI 171," Deccan Chronicle, Jul. 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/premature-speculative-us-probe-agency-slams-media-reports-on-ai-171-1892403</ref> <ref name="nbc-faa">D. Shepardson, "FAA sees no mechanical issue with 787 Boeing fuel control unit after Air India crash," NBC News (Reuters), Jul. 24, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.nbcnews.com/world/india/faa-sees-no-mechanical-issue-787-boeing-fuel-control-unit-air-india-cr-rcna221079</ref> <ref name="tribune-sc">"Air India crash: Supreme Court seeks response of Centre, DGCA on plea seeking independent probe," The Tribune, Sep. 22, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/air-india-crash-supreme-court-seeks-response-of-centre-dgca-on-plea-seeking-independent-probe/amp</ref> <ref name="dh-petition">A. Tripathi, "Father of deceased pilot in Ahmedabad crash moves SC for court monitored probe," Deccan Herald, Oct. 16, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/story/india%2Ffather-of-deceased-pilot-in-ahmedabad-crash-moves-sc-for-court-monitored-probe-3766766</ref> <ref name="bbc-wilson">"Air India: CEO Campbell Wilson steps down early as losses mount," BBC News, Apr. 7, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 6, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg49gq9y16o</ref> <ref name="pib-interim">Press Information Bureau, "AAIB interim statement on the progress of investigation into the accident involving Air India Flight AI-171," Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India, Jun. 12, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2272247</ref> <ref name="dh-sc-jul">"Supreme Court awaits final AAIB report before deciding on independent probe into Ahmedabad plane crash," Deccan Herald, Jul. 28, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.deccanherald.com/india/supreme-court-awaits-final-aaib-report-before-deciding-on-independent-probe-into-ahmedabad-plane-crash-4090728</ref> <!-- Not yet cited in the body; uncomment when used, or the page shows an unused-reference error: <ref name="ai-announcement">Air India, "Announcement," press release. Accessed: Nov. 6, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Announcement.html</ref> <ref name="reuters-airnz">"Air New Zealand taps former Air India CEO Campbell Wilson for board," Reuters, Aug. 18, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.reuters.com/business/air-new-zealand-taps-former-air-india-ceo-campbell-wilson-board-2026-08-18/</ref> --> </references> {{BookCat}} {{BookCat}} pyegbwfyakdks7k8ckmbznnxg1kboi9 4680799 4680798 2026-11-07T23:46:43Z Erm4zh 3630431 /* Investigation and Timeline */ Typos 4680799 wikitext text/x-wiki '''CLASS PROJECT IN PROGRESS: DO NOT DELETE''' == Background == On June 12, 2025, Air India Flight 171 departed Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, bound for London Gatwick Airport. At 08:09 UTC, about 32 seconds after liftoff, the aircraft struck the hostel buildings of Byramjee Jeejeebhoy (BJ) Medical College.<ref name="wiki-ai171" /><ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The crash killed 229 of the 230 passengers, all 12 crew members, and 19 people on the ground, a total death toll of 260. The sole surviving passenger and 67 people on the ground were seriously injured.<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The aircraft was a Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner, registration VT-ANB, manufactured in 2013 and delivered to Air India in January 2014.<ref name="wiki-ai171" /> At the time of the accident it had 41,868 total airframe hours. Its two General Electric GEnx-1B engines, built in 2012 and 2013, were installed on March 26 and May 1, 2025.<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> == Investigation and Timeline == India's Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) leads the investigation under Annex 13 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation and India's Aircraft (Investigation of Accidents and Incidents) Rules, 2017. Both frameworks state that the sole objective of an investigation is preventing future accidents, not apportioning blame or liability. <ref name="aaib-prelim" /> As the State of Design and Manufacture, the United States was represented by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). The NTSB appointed an accredited representative with technical advisers from Boeing, GE, and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), who arrived in Ahmedabad on June 15, 2025. The United Kingdom, Portugal, and Canada were notified as States whose citizens died in the crash. <ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The AAIB released its preliminary report 30 days after the accident. The report presented factual findings only; it identified no cause and issued no safety recommendations.<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The investigation did not produce a final report within one year. Instead, the AAIB issued an interim statement on the anniversary, stating that the final report would follow international review and consultation under Annex 13. <ref name="pib-interim" /> In July 2026, the Indian government told the Supreme Court that the draft final report would be submitted in a sealed cover in the first week of October. <ref name="dh-sc-jul" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Date !Event |- |June 12, 2025 |Flight AI171 crashes; AAIB on site same day<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> |- |June 24, 2025 |Forward EAFR downloaded in Delhi with NTSB-supplied equipment<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> |- |July 12, 2025 |Preliminary investigation report published by India's AAIB<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> |- |July 14, 2025 |DGCA mandates fuel switch lock inspections<ref name="dgca-order" /> |- |July 17, 2025 |WSJ, citing US officials, implicates the captain<ref name="sf-wsj" /> |- |July 17-18, 2025 |AAIB appeals against speculation; NTSB chair calls media reports premature<ref name="dc-ntsb" /> |- |July 24, 2025 |FAA administrator rules out a mechanical switch fault<ref name="nbc-faa" /> |- |September 22, 2025 |Supreme Court criticizes selective leaks and the pilot-blame narrative<ref name="tribune-sc" /> |- |October 10, 2025 |Captain's father and pilots' federation petition for an independent probe<ref name="dh-petition" /> |- |April 7, 2026 |Air India CEO Campbell Wilson steps down<ref name="bbc-wilson" /> |- |June 12, 2026 |One-year interim statement issued by India's AAIB<ref name="pib-interim" /> |- |July 28, 2026 |Supreme Court defers pleas pending the sealed final report<ref name="dh-sc-jul" /> |} The timeline shows two processes running in parallel. The formal investigation moved slowly and released little. Meanwhile, regulators, officials, and advocacy groups made public claims about cause and responsibility, many of them within two weeks of the preliminary report. As of November 2026, the final report has not been published, so those claims remain unverified by the investigating authority. == Institutional Responses == === Air India === === Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) === === Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) === === UK Government === == Professionalism and Deflection of Responsibility == On April 7, 2026, Air India announced the resignation of their CEO Campbell Wilson, citing his success in bringing the airline from public to private and his readiness to "hand over the reins for the next phase of Air India’s rise".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcement |url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Announcement.html |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.airindia.com |language=en}}</ref> However, news sources reference the impact of financial losses and increased scrutiny following the crash of Flight 171. Contrary to Air India's statement, the company was grappling with immense restructuring and refurbishing operations while also dealing with safety concerns.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-07 |title=Air India: CEO Campbell Wilson steps down early as losses mount |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg49gq9y16o |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Given that the engines on Flight 171 were replaced less than three months before the crash, along with technical discrepancies regarding the fuel control switches and the thrust levers, it is possible that there were some gaps in the retrofitting and refurbishing processes that were not addressed. Campbell Wilson was tapped to join the board of directors of Air New Zealand on August 18, 2026.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-08-18 |title=Air New Zealand taps former Air India CEO Campbell Wilson for board |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/air-new-zealand-taps-former-air-india-ceo-campbell-wilson-board-2026-08-18/ |access-date=2026-11-06}}</ref> Under the guise of "handing over the reins", Wilson is able to absolve himself of direct responsibility by removing himself from public scrutiny as the face of Air India. Especially with the final report not being released yet, the next CEO will face the brunt of the backlash despite not being the decisionmaker that led to these circumstances, and Wilson can continue to remain distanced from those reactions. Furthermore, the fact that he was still selected to join Air New Zealand's governing board shows that this setback has not impacted his career or reputation in the eyes of other employers. Most concerningly, the fact that the investigation has taken so long with very little updates from official channels begs the question of whether a secondary narrative is being constructed to overshadow the evidence. With so many agencies and associations being involved, it is important to consider what other motives could be the cause of the delay. == Conclusion and Future Updates == == References == <references> <ref name="wiki-ai171">"Air India Flight 171," Wikipedia, Nov. 2, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 4, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_India_Flight_171&oldid=1383313049</ref> <ref name="aaib-prelim">Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau, Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India, "Preliminary report: Accident involving Air India's B787-8 aircraft bearing registration VT-ANB at Ahmedabad on 12 June 2025," New Delhi, India, Jul. 2025. [Online]. Available: https://aaib.gov.in/What%27s%20New%20Assets/Preliminary%20Report%20VT-ANB.pdf</ref> <ref name="dgca-order">"DGCA orders airlines to inspect fuel switch locking system in Boeing aircraft by July 21," Business Today, Jul. 14, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/dgca-orders-airlines-to-check-all-boeing-aircraft-fuel-switch-locks-by-july-21-484559-2025-07-14</ref> <ref name="sf-wsj">L. Bodell, "New information suggests captain may be involved in Air India fuel switch shut off," Simple Flying, Jul. 17, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://simpleflying.com/air-india-captain-maybe-involved-boeing-787-crash/</ref> <ref name="dc-ntsb">"Premature, speculative: US probe agency slams media reports on AI 171," Deccan Chronicle, Jul. 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/premature-speculative-us-probe-agency-slams-media-reports-on-ai-171-1892403</ref> <ref name="nbc-faa">D. Shepardson, "FAA sees no mechanical issue with 787 Boeing fuel control unit after Air India crash," NBC News (Reuters), Jul. 24, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.nbcnews.com/world/india/faa-sees-no-mechanical-issue-787-boeing-fuel-control-unit-air-india-cr-rcna221079</ref> <ref name="tribune-sc">"Air India crash: Supreme Court seeks response of Centre, DGCA on plea seeking independent probe," The Tribune, Sep. 22, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/air-india-crash-supreme-court-seeks-response-of-centre-dgca-on-plea-seeking-independent-probe/amp</ref> <ref name="dh-petition">A. Tripathi, "Father of deceased pilot in Ahmedabad crash moves SC for court monitored probe," Deccan Herald, Oct. 16, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/story/india%2Ffather-of-deceased-pilot-in-ahmedabad-crash-moves-sc-for-court-monitored-probe-3766766</ref> <ref name="bbc-wilson">"Air India: CEO Campbell Wilson steps down early as losses mount," BBC News, Apr. 7, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 6, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg49gq9y16o</ref> <ref name="pib-interim">Press Information Bureau, "AAIB interim statement on the progress of investigation into the accident involving Air India Flight AI-171," Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India, Jun. 12, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2272247</ref> <ref name="dh-sc-jul">"Supreme Court awaits final AAIB report before deciding on independent probe into Ahmedabad plane crash," Deccan Herald, Jul. 28, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.deccanherald.com/india/supreme-court-awaits-final-aaib-report-before-deciding-on-independent-probe-into-ahmedabad-plane-crash-4090728</ref> <!-- Not yet cited in the body; uncomment when used, or the page shows an unused-reference error: <ref name="ai-announcement">Air India, "Announcement," press release. Accessed: Nov. 6, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Announcement.html</ref> <ref name="reuters-airnz">"Air New Zealand taps former Air India CEO Campbell Wilson for board," Reuters, Aug. 18, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.reuters.com/business/air-new-zealand-taps-former-air-india-ceo-campbell-wilson-board-2026-08-18/</ref> --> </references> {{BookCat}} {{BookCat}} 9q47u7mqy52e0ffswn673zbnl8mndra 4680800 4680799 2026-11-07T23:47:15Z Erm4zh 3630431 /* Investigation and Timeline */ Spacing 4680800 wikitext text/x-wiki '''CLASS PROJECT IN PROGRESS: DO NOT DELETE''' == Background == On June 12, 2025, Air India Flight 171 departed Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, bound for London Gatwick Airport. At 08:09 UTC, about 32 seconds after liftoff, the aircraft struck the hostel buildings of Byramjee Jeejeebhoy (BJ) Medical College.<ref name="wiki-ai171" /><ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The crash killed 229 of the 230 passengers, all 12 crew members, and 19 people on the ground, a total death toll of 260. The sole surviving passenger and 67 people on the ground were seriously injured.<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The aircraft was a Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner, registration VT-ANB, manufactured in 2013 and delivered to Air India in January 2014.<ref name="wiki-ai171" /> At the time of the accident it had 41,868 total airframe hours. Its two General Electric GEnx-1B engines, built in 2012 and 2013, were installed on March 26 and May 1, 2025.<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> == Investigation and Timeline == India's Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) leads the investigation under Annex 13 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation and India's Aircraft (Investigation of Accidents and Incidents) Rules, 2017. Both frameworks state that the sole objective of an investigation is preventing future accidents, not apportioning blame or liability. <ref name="aaib-prelim" /> As the State of Design and Manufacture, the United States was represented by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). The NTSB appointed an accredited representative with technical advisers from Boeing, GE, and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), who arrived in Ahmedabad on June 15, 2025. The United Kingdom, Portugal, and Canada were notified as States whose citizens died in the crash. <ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The AAIB released its preliminary report 30 days after the accident. The report presented factual findings only; it identified no cause and issued no safety recommendations.<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The investigation did not produce a final report within one year. Instead, the AAIB issued an interim statement on the anniversary, stating that the final report would follow international review and consultation under Annex 13. <ref name="pib-interim" /> In July 2026, the Indian government told the Supreme Court that the draft final report would be submitted in a sealed cover in the first week of October. <ref name="dh-sc-jul" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Date !Event |- |June 12, 2025 |Flight AI171 crashes; AAIB on site same day<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> |- |June 24, 2025 |Forward EAFR downloaded in Delhi with NTSB-supplied equipment<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> |- |July 12, 2025 |Preliminary investigation report published by India's AAIB<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> |- |July 14, 2025 |DGCA mandates fuel switch lock inspections<ref name="dgca-order" /> |- |July 17, 2025 |WSJ, citing US officials, implicates the captain<ref name="sf-wsj" /> |- |July 17-18, 2025 |AAIB appeals against speculation; NTSB chair calls media reports premature<ref name="dc-ntsb" /> |- |July 24, 2025 |FAA administrator rules out a mechanical switch fault<ref name="nbc-faa" /> |- |September 22, 2025 |Supreme Court criticizes selective leaks and the pilot-blame narrative<ref name="tribune-sc" /> |- |October 10, 2025 |Captain's father and pilots' federation petition for an independent probe<ref name="dh-petition" /> |- |April 7, 2026 |Air India CEO Campbell Wilson steps down<ref name="bbc-wilson" /> |- |June 12, 2026 |One-year interim statement issued by India's AAIB<ref name="pib-interim" /> |- |July 28, 2026 |Supreme Court defers pleas pending the sealed final report<ref name="dh-sc-jul" /> |} The timeline shows two processes running in parallel. The formal investigation moved slowly and released little. Meanwhile, regulators, officials, and advocacy groups made public claims about cause and responsibility, many of them within two weeks of the preliminary report. As of November 2026, the final report has not been published, so those claims remain unverified by the investigating authority. The timeline shows two processes running in parallel. The formal investigation moved slowly and released little. Meanwhile, regulators, officials, and advocacy groups made public claims about cause and responsibility, many of them within two weeks of the preliminary report. As of November 2026, the final report has not been published, so those claims remain unverified by the investigating authority. == Institutional Responses == === Air India === === Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) === === Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) === === UK Government === == Professionalism and Deflection of Responsibility == On April 7, 2026, Air India announced the resignation of their CEO Campbell Wilson, citing his success in bringing the airline from public to private and his readiness to "hand over the reins for the next phase of Air India’s rise".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcement |url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Announcement.html |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.airindia.com |language=en}}</ref> However, news sources reference the impact of financial losses and increased scrutiny following the crash of Flight 171. Contrary to Air India's statement, the company was grappling with immense restructuring and refurbishing operations while also dealing with safety concerns.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-07 |title=Air India: CEO Campbell Wilson steps down early as losses mount |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg49gq9y16o |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Given that the engines on Flight 171 were replaced less than three months before the crash, along with technical discrepancies regarding the fuel control switches and the thrust levers, it is possible that there were some gaps in the retrofitting and refurbishing processes that were not addressed. Campbell Wilson was tapped to join the board of directors of Air New Zealand on August 18, 2026.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-08-18 |title=Air New Zealand taps former Air India CEO Campbell Wilson for board |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/air-new-zealand-taps-former-air-india-ceo-campbell-wilson-board-2026-08-18/ |access-date=2026-11-06}}</ref> Under the guise of "handing over the reins", Wilson is able to absolve himself of direct responsibility by removing himself from public scrutiny as the face of Air India. Especially with the final report not being released yet, the next CEO will face the brunt of the backlash despite not being the decisionmaker that led to these circumstances, and Wilson can continue to remain distanced from those reactions. Furthermore, the fact that he was still selected to join Air New Zealand's governing board shows that this setback has not impacted his career or reputation in the eyes of other employers. Most concerningly, the fact that the investigation has taken so long with very little updates from official channels begs the question of whether a secondary narrative is being constructed to overshadow the evidence. With so many agencies and associations being involved, it is important to consider what other motives could be the cause of the delay. == Conclusion and Future Updates == == References == <references> <ref name="wiki-ai171">"Air India Flight 171," Wikipedia, Nov. 2, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 4, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_India_Flight_171&oldid=1383313049</ref> <ref name="aaib-prelim">Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau, Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India, "Preliminary report: Accident involving Air India's B787-8 aircraft bearing registration VT-ANB at Ahmedabad on 12 June 2025," New Delhi, India, Jul. 2025. [Online]. Available: https://aaib.gov.in/What%27s%20New%20Assets/Preliminary%20Report%20VT-ANB.pdf</ref> <ref name="dgca-order">"DGCA orders airlines to inspect fuel switch locking system in Boeing aircraft by July 21," Business Today, Jul. 14, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/dgca-orders-airlines-to-check-all-boeing-aircraft-fuel-switch-locks-by-july-21-484559-2025-07-14</ref> <ref name="sf-wsj">L. Bodell, "New information suggests captain may be involved in Air India fuel switch shut off," Simple Flying, Jul. 17, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://simpleflying.com/air-india-captain-maybe-involved-boeing-787-crash/</ref> <ref name="dc-ntsb">"Premature, speculative: US probe agency slams media reports on AI 171," Deccan Chronicle, Jul. 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/premature-speculative-us-probe-agency-slams-media-reports-on-ai-171-1892403</ref> <ref name="nbc-faa">D. Shepardson, "FAA sees no mechanical issue with 787 Boeing fuel control unit after Air India crash," NBC News (Reuters), Jul. 24, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.nbcnews.com/world/india/faa-sees-no-mechanical-issue-787-boeing-fuel-control-unit-air-india-cr-rcna221079</ref> <ref name="tribune-sc">"Air India crash: Supreme Court seeks response of Centre, DGCA on plea seeking independent probe," The Tribune, Sep. 22, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/air-india-crash-supreme-court-seeks-response-of-centre-dgca-on-plea-seeking-independent-probe/amp</ref> <ref name="dh-petition">A. Tripathi, "Father of deceased pilot in Ahmedabad crash moves SC for court monitored probe," Deccan Herald, Oct. 16, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/story/india%2Ffather-of-deceased-pilot-in-ahmedabad-crash-moves-sc-for-court-monitored-probe-3766766</ref> <ref name="bbc-wilson">"Air India: CEO Campbell Wilson steps down early as losses mount," BBC News, Apr. 7, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 6, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg49gq9y16o</ref> <ref name="pib-interim">Press Information Bureau, "AAIB interim statement on the progress of investigation into the accident involving Air India Flight AI-171," Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India, Jun. 12, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2272247</ref> <ref name="dh-sc-jul">"Supreme Court awaits final AAIB report before deciding on independent probe into Ahmedabad plane crash," Deccan Herald, Jul. 28, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.deccanherald.com/india/supreme-court-awaits-final-aaib-report-before-deciding-on-independent-probe-into-ahmedabad-plane-crash-4090728</ref> <!-- Not yet cited in the body; uncomment when used, or the page shows an unused-reference error: <ref name="ai-announcement">Air India, "Announcement," press release. Accessed: Nov. 6, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Announcement.html</ref> <ref name="reuters-airnz">"Air New Zealand taps former Air India CEO Campbell Wilson for board," Reuters, Aug. 18, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.reuters.com/business/air-new-zealand-taps-former-air-india-ceo-campbell-wilson-board-2026-08-18/</ref> --> </references> {{BookCat}} {{BookCat}} 3bwvcc7qks7u17na0nti84vvdvrk6rx 4680801 4680800 2026-11-07T23:48:16Z Erm4zh 3630431 /* Investigation and Timeline */ Spacing 4680801 wikitext text/x-wiki '''CLASS PROJECT IN PROGRESS: DO NOT DELETE''' == Background == On June 12, 2025, Air India Flight 171 departed Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, bound for London Gatwick Airport. At 08:09 UTC, about 32 seconds after liftoff, the aircraft struck the hostel buildings of Byramjee Jeejeebhoy (BJ) Medical College.<ref name="wiki-ai171" /><ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The crash killed 229 of the 230 passengers, all 12 crew members, and 19 people on the ground, a total death toll of 260. The sole surviving passenger and 67 people on the ground were seriously injured.<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The aircraft was a Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner, registration VT-ANB, manufactured in 2013 and delivered to Air India in January 2014.<ref name="wiki-ai171" /> At the time of the accident it had 41,868 total airframe hours. Its two General Electric GEnx-1B engines, built in 2012 and 2013, were installed on March 26 and May 1, 2025.<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> == Investigation and Timeline == India's Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) leads the investigation under Annex 13 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation and India's Aircraft (Investigation of Accidents and Incidents) Rules, 2017. Both frameworks state that the sole objective of an investigation is preventing future accidents, not apportioning blame or liability. <ref name="aaib-prelim" /> As the State of Design and Manufacture, the United States was represented by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). The NTSB appointed an accredited representative with technical advisers from Boeing, GE, and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), who arrived in Ahmedabad on June 15, 2025. The United Kingdom, Portugal, and Canada were notified as States whose citizens died in the crash. <ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The AAIB released its preliminary report 30 days after the accident. The report presented factual findings only; it identified no cause and issued no safety recommendations.<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> The investigation did not produce a final report within one year. Instead, the AAIB issued an interim statement on the anniversary, stating that the final report would follow international review and consultation under Annex 13. <ref name="pib-interim" /> In July 2026, the Indian government told the Supreme Court that the draft final report would be submitted in a sealed cover in the first week of October. <ref name="dh-sc-jul" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Date !Event |- |June 12, 2025 |Flight AI171 crashes; AAIB on site same day<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> |- |June 24, 2025 |Forward EAFR downloaded in Delhi with NTSB-supplied equipment<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> |- |July 12, 2025 |Preliminary investigation report published by India's AAIB<ref name="aaib-prelim" /> |- |July 14, 2025 |DGCA mandates fuel switch lock inspections<ref name="dgca-order" /> |- |July 17, 2025 |WSJ, citing US officials, implicates the captain<ref name="sf-wsj" /> |- |July 17-18, 2025 |AAIB appeals against speculation; NTSB chair calls media reports premature<ref name="dc-ntsb" /> |- |July 24, 2025 |FAA administrator rules out a mechanical switch fault<ref name="nbc-faa" /> |- |September 22, 2025 |Supreme Court criticizes selective leaks and the pilot-blame narrative<ref name="tribune-sc" /> |- |October 10, 2025 |Captain's father and pilots' federation petition for an independent probe<ref name="dh-petition" /> |- |April 7, 2026 |Air India CEO Campbell Wilson steps down<ref name="bbc-wilson" /> |- |June 12, 2026 |One-year interim statement issued by India's AAIB<ref name="pib-interim" /> |- |July 28, 2026 |Supreme Court defers pleas pending the sealed final report<ref name="dh-sc-jul" /> |} The timeline shows two processes running in parallel. The formal investigation moved slowly and released little. Meanwhile, regulators, officials, and advocacy groups made public claims about cause and responsibility, many of them within two weeks of the preliminary report. As of November 2026, the final report has not been published, so those claims remain unverified by the investigating authority. == Institutional Responses == === Air India === === Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) === === Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) === === UK Government === == Professionalism and Deflection of Responsibility == On April 7, 2026, Air India announced the resignation of their CEO Campbell Wilson, citing his success in bringing the airline from public to private and his readiness to "hand over the reins for the next phase of Air India’s rise".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcement |url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Announcement.html |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.airindia.com |language=en}}</ref> However, news sources reference the impact of financial losses and increased scrutiny following the crash of Flight 171. Contrary to Air India's statement, the company was grappling with immense restructuring and refurbishing operations while also dealing with safety concerns.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-07 |title=Air India: CEO Campbell Wilson steps down early as losses mount |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg49gq9y16o |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Given that the engines on Flight 171 were replaced less than three months before the crash, along with technical discrepancies regarding the fuel control switches and the thrust levers, it is possible that there were some gaps in the retrofitting and refurbishing processes that were not addressed. Campbell Wilson was tapped to join the board of directors of Air New Zealand on August 18, 2026.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-08-18 |title=Air New Zealand taps former Air India CEO Campbell Wilson for board |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/air-new-zealand-taps-former-air-india-ceo-campbell-wilson-board-2026-08-18/ |access-date=2026-11-06}}</ref> Under the guise of "handing over the reins", Wilson is able to absolve himself of direct responsibility by removing himself from public scrutiny as the face of Air India. Especially with the final report not being released yet, the next CEO will face the brunt of the backlash despite not being the decisionmaker that led to these circumstances, and Wilson can continue to remain distanced from those reactions. Furthermore, the fact that he was still selected to join Air New Zealand's governing board shows that this setback has not impacted his career or reputation in the eyes of other employers. Most concerningly, the fact that the investigation has taken so long with very little updates from official channels begs the question of whether a secondary narrative is being constructed to overshadow the evidence. With so many agencies and associations being involved, it is important to consider what other motives could be the cause of the delay. == Conclusion and Future Updates == == References == <references> <ref name="wiki-ai171">"Air India Flight 171," Wikipedia, Nov. 2, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 4, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_India_Flight_171&oldid=1383313049</ref> <ref name="aaib-prelim">Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau, Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India, "Preliminary report: Accident involving Air India's B787-8 aircraft bearing registration VT-ANB at Ahmedabad on 12 June 2025," New Delhi, India, Jul. 2025. [Online]. Available: https://aaib.gov.in/What%27s%20New%20Assets/Preliminary%20Report%20VT-ANB.pdf</ref> <ref name="dgca-order">"DGCA orders airlines to inspect fuel switch locking system in Boeing aircraft by July 21," Business Today, Jul. 14, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/dgca-orders-airlines-to-check-all-boeing-aircraft-fuel-switch-locks-by-july-21-484559-2025-07-14</ref> <ref name="sf-wsj">L. Bodell, "New information suggests captain may be involved in Air India fuel switch shut off," Simple Flying, Jul. 17, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://simpleflying.com/air-india-captain-maybe-involved-boeing-787-crash/</ref> <ref name="dc-ntsb">"Premature, speculative: US probe agency slams media reports on AI 171," Deccan Chronicle, Jul. 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/premature-speculative-us-probe-agency-slams-media-reports-on-ai-171-1892403</ref> <ref name="nbc-faa">D. Shepardson, "FAA sees no mechanical issue with 787 Boeing fuel control unit after Air India crash," NBC News (Reuters), Jul. 24, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.nbcnews.com/world/india/faa-sees-no-mechanical-issue-787-boeing-fuel-control-unit-air-india-cr-rcna221079</ref> <ref name="tribune-sc">"Air India crash: Supreme Court seeks response of Centre, DGCA on plea seeking independent probe," The Tribune, Sep. 22, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/air-india-crash-supreme-court-seeks-response-of-centre-dgca-on-plea-seeking-independent-probe/amp</ref> <ref name="dh-petition">A. Tripathi, "Father of deceased pilot in Ahmedabad crash moves SC for court monitored probe," Deccan Herald, Oct. 16, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/story/india%2Ffather-of-deceased-pilot-in-ahmedabad-crash-moves-sc-for-court-monitored-probe-3766766</ref> <ref name="bbc-wilson">"Air India: CEO Campbell Wilson steps down early as losses mount," BBC News, Apr. 7, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 6, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg49gq9y16o</ref> <ref name="pib-interim">Press Information Bureau, "AAIB interim statement on the progress of investigation into the accident involving Air India Flight AI-171," Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India, Jun. 12, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2272247</ref> <ref name="dh-sc-jul">"Supreme Court awaits final AAIB report before deciding on independent probe into Ahmedabad plane crash," Deccan Herald, Jul. 28, 2026. Accessed: Nov. 7, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.deccanherald.com/india/supreme-court-awaits-final-aaib-report-before-deciding-on-independent-probe-into-ahmedabad-plane-crash-4090728</ref> <!-- Not yet cited in the body; uncomment when used, or the page shows an unused-reference error: <ref name="ai-announcement">Air India, "Announcement," press release. Accessed: Nov. 6, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Announcement.html</ref> <ref name="reuters-airnz">"Air New Zealand taps former Air India CEO Campbell Wilson for board," Reuters, Aug. 18, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.reuters.com/business/air-new-zealand-taps-former-air-india-ceo-campbell-wilson-board-2026-08-18/</ref> --> </references> {{BookCat}} {{BookCat}} i9khzx3yztm60xvelwjmgafo5wohfxl 2 486824 4680680 4679925 2026-11-07T14:19:42Z ~2026-59167-64 3630711 edit 4680680 wikitext text/x-wiki Ethical Challenges of Autonomous Robots: Safety, Accountability, Privacy and Legal Compliance. 8y9nvscjmi05y0jl9yfenxzoe16omfv 2 486853 4680939 4679999 2026-11-08T11:21:57Z Sukhsm 3626638 i edit introduction analogy working and add picture but my work is still pending 4680939 wikitext text/x-wiki == INTRODUCTION == Optical Camera Communication (OCC) is a wireless communication technique in which information is transmitted using light and received through a camera. It is a form of Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) and is closely related to Visible Light Communication (VLC). In this technology, an LED or display screen sends data by changing its light intensity or patterns. A camera equipped with a CMOS or CCD image sensor captures these signals, and the recorded images are processed to recover the transmitted information. Since cameras and LED-based devices are already widely available, OCC can make use of existing hardware for communication. It has potential applications in indoor positioning, vehicle communication and smart devices. With the growing use of cameras and LED-based technologies, OCC is becoming an interesting area of research for future wireless communication systems. == Analogy == A simple way to understand Optical Camera Communication (OCC) is to imagine a lighthouse sending signals to a ship at sea. The lighthouse cannot send spoken messages, but it can produce different patterns of light by switching its lamp ON and OFF. A person on the ship observes these patterns and records them. By understanding the sequence of flashes, the person can identify the message being transmitted. OCC follows a similar principle. The LED acts like the lighthouse, producing controlled patterns of light to carry information. In a simple example, the ON state can represent binary 1, while the OFF state represents binary 0. The camera acts like the observer on the ship, capturing the light signals through its image sensor. Image-processing software then examines the captured patterns and converts them back into the original data. This shows how information can be transferred from one device to another using light as the communication medium and a camera as the receiver. == Working of Optical Camera Communication == Optical Camera Communication works by sending information through light and receiving it with a camera. The complete process can be divided into five main stages, starting with the preparation of data and ending with the recovery of the original message. [[File:Working diagram of occ.jpg|right|502x502px]] === 1. Data Input and Encoding === The process begins with the information that needs to be transmitted. It could be a text message, an identification number or a reading collected from a sensor. Before sending it, the information is converted into binary form (0s and 1s), which computers can understand. Depending on the communication system, some additional bits may also be included. These bits help the receiver identify the beginning of a message and check whether the received information contains errors. === 2. LED Transmitter === Once the data is ready, it is sent to a transmitter circuit that controls the LED. The LED changes its light output according to the binary information it receives. For example, in a simple On-Off Keying (OOK) method, the LED being ON can represent binary 1, while being OFF represents binary 0. Other methods may use different brightness levels or changes in light frequency to carry information .These changes are made at a controlled speed so that data can be transmitted without causing noticeable flickering when the system is properly designed. === 3. Optical Transmission === After leaving the LED, the light travels through the surrounding air and reaches the camera. This path between the transmitter and receiver is known as the optical channel. In most OCC systems, a direct path between the LED and camera is preferred. However, light reflected from nearby surfaces can also be used in some systems. The strength of the received signal depends on factors such as the distance between the devices, the angle of the camera and the surrounding lighting conditions. Strong sunlight or other bright light sources may make it harder for the camera to detect the transmitted signals. === 4. Camera Reception === At the receiving end, the camera lens collects the incoming light and focuses it onto an image sensor. The sensor, which may be a CMOS or CCD type, converts the received light into electrical signals and produces digital images. The camera captures the changing light patterns produced by the LED. However, a normal camera has a limited frame rate, which can restrict how quickly it detects changes in light. To deal with this limitation, many OCC systems use a technique called Rolling shutter. In this method, the camera sensor does not capture the entire image at exactly the same time. Instead, it reads the image row by row. When the LED changes its brightness rapidly, different rows of the same image may capture different light levels. This produces alternating bright and dark horizontal bands in the captured image. These patterns contain information about the transmitted signal and help the receiver recover data at higher speeds than ordinary frame-by-frame sampling may allow. === 5. Data Recovery === Once the camera has captured the images, the receiver software processes them to retrieve the transmitted information. First, the software identifies the area in the image where the LED is located. It then examines the brightness patterns captured by the image sensor. Based on the selected modulation technique, these patterns are interpreted to identify the transmitted bits, such as 0s and 1s. The receiver also uses synchronization information, when provided, to identify the correct sequence of data. Error-checking methods may then be applied to detect any mistakes in transmission. Finally, the recovered binary data is converted back into its original form, such as text or sensor information. In this way, the information sent by the LED transmitter is successfully received and recovered by the camera. e22em6t4idr4fduu5xxwer74apsaesx 2 486860 4680679 4680026 2026-11-07T14:17:40Z GouravGarg-1711 3630221 /* Industrial Digital Twins in Automation: Navigating Cybersecurity Frameworks and Ethical Safety Standards */ Under this topic, Added sub headings: "Introduction & The New Trend", "Difference Between Digital Models, Shadows and Twins", "Technical Architecture & Data Pipelines", "Contemporary Issues & Security Threats". 4680679 wikitext text/x-wiki == Industrial Digital Twins in Automation: Navigating Cybersecurity Frameworks and Ethical Safety Standards == === 1. Introduction & The New Automation Trend === Modern industrial automation is changing quickly because of the connection between physical factory machines (Operational Technology) and advanced computer software. At the center of this change is the deployment of industrial digital twins. A digital twin is a live virtual mirror of a physical machine, a robot or an entire production line. Traditional automation used fixed, separated control systems. In contrast, using live data allows factories to improve production lines on the fly, find out when machine parts will break before they actually fail and safely control robots from far away. However, this deep, two way connection between software platforms and physical hardware completely changes the safety risks. It introduces critical safety, cybersecurity and legal challenges that electronics and automation engineers must know how to handle properly. === 2. Difference Between Digital Models, Shadows and Twins === It is vital to separate a digital twin from other common design tools, as these terms are often mixed up in the simple textbooks: * '''Digital Model:''' A static, digital file of a physical object (like a standard SolidWorks CAD drawing or an electrical circuit diagram) that has no automated data exchange with the real machine. Changes to the physical machine do not update the digital file and changes to the file do not affect the machine. * '''Digital Shadow:''' A one way data path where changes in the physical machine automatically updates the digital model. However, the digital model cannot send commands back to change or move the physical system. * '''Digital Twin:''' A fully integrated, two way cyber-physical loop. Live data from sensors flows directly from the physical machine to the digital model, At the same time, the software analysis can automatically generate new control commands or safety overrides that travel back to move the physical machine through Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). === 3. Technical Architecture & Data Pipelines === An industrial digital twin is built out of three main parts: # The Physical Layer (the actual robotic arm, motors and sensors), # The Communication Layer (the industrial network links like EtherCAT, PROFINET or 5G wireless networks), # The Cyber Layer (the cloud or local computer running the 3D physics models and maintenance software). For an automation engineer, keeping these layers perfectly in sync is a major technical task. High quality twins use sensor fusion methods. They combine computer vision data with motor position and torque readings to track the exact location of the robot. If this network data loop suffers from lag, delay or packet losses, the computer software will miscalculate safety zones, which can cause sudden machine failures. === 4. Contemporary Issues & Security Threats === ==== 4.1 Data Poisoning & State Inversion ==== In standard IT databases, changing data only harms information security. However, a data tampering attack on a digital twin has direct, dangerous physical results. If a hacker breaks into the communication network, they can send false sensor data into the pipeline. This is called state inversion. For example, if a hacker sends fake data packets showing that a robot's motor temperature is normal when it is actually overheating, the digital twin will fail to trigger the automatic safety shutdown. On the other hand, a hacker could send fake danger signals to trigger a sudden emergency stop, causing costly factory downtime and putting heavy stress on mechanical joints. ==== 4.2 Remote Control Network Lag & Safety Risks ==== When engineers use digital twins to control robots from a long distance over 5G networks, network speed translates directly into physical safety. If the network suffers from unexpected delays or dropped packets, a time lag is introduces between the physical robot and the virtual twin. If the automated path planning software inside the twin does not account for this delay, it can send rapid, incorrect movement commands to the physical robot. This can cause the robot arm to swing too far, damage its motors or crash into human workers standing nearby. ==== 4.3 Software Supply-Chain and Third-Party Risks ==== Modern digital twin setups are complex software systems that rely heavily on open-source code libraries, third-party interfaces (APIs) and cloud services. A single security flaw inside an unverified piece of software or device firmware can compromise the safety of the whole factory floor. Electronics engineers have a professional and moral duty to check all software components. They must maintain a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) and thoroughly test all updates on offline machines before turning on the live system. lsehkp6emzd2w08cvp2onbqgivutp29 4680691 4680679 2026-11-07T15:51:57Z GouravGarg-1711 3630221 Added sub heading: "Compliance: International Standards Matrix". 4680691 wikitext text/x-wiki == Industrial Digital Twins in Automation: Navigating Cybersecurity Frameworks and Ethical Safety Standards == === 1. Introduction & The New Automation Trend === Modern industrial automation is changing quickly because of the connection between physical factory machines (Operational Technology) and advanced computer software. At the center of this change is the deployment of industrial digital twins. A digital twin is a live virtual mirror of a physical machine, a robot or an entire production line. Traditional automation used fixed, separated control systems. In contrast, using live data allows factories to improve production lines on the fly, find out when machine parts will break before they actually fail and safely control robots from far away. However, this deep, two way connection between software platforms and physical hardware completely changes the safety risks. It introduces critical safety, cybersecurity and legal challenges that electronics and automation engineers must know how to handle properly. === 2. Difference Between Digital Models, Shadows and Twins === It is vital to separate a digital twin from other common design tools, as these terms are often mixed up in the simple textbooks: * '''Digital Model:''' A static, digital file of a physical object (like a standard SolidWorks CAD drawing or an electrical circuit diagram) that has no automated data exchange with the real machine. Changes to the physical machine do not update the digital file and changes to the file do not affect the machine. * '''Digital Shadow:''' A one way data path where changes in the physical machine automatically updates the digital model. However, the digital model cannot send commands back to change or move the physical system. * '''Digital Twin:''' A fully integrated, two way cyber-physical loop. Live data from sensors flows directly from the physical machine to the digital model, At the same time, the software analysis can automatically generate new control commands or safety overrides that travel back to move the physical machine through Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). === 3. Technical Architecture & Data Pipelines === An industrial digital twin is built out of three main parts: # The Physical Layer (the actual robotic arm, motors and sensors), # The Communication Layer (the industrial network links like EtherCAT, PROFINET or 5G wireless networks), # The Cyber Layer (the cloud or local computer running the 3D physics models and maintenance software). For an automation engineer, keeping these layers perfectly in sync is a major technical task. High quality twins use sensor fusion methods. They combine computer vision data with motor position and torque readings to track the exact location of the robot. If this network data loop suffers from lag, delay or packet losses, the computer software will miscalculate safety zones, which can cause sudden machine failures. === 4. Contemporary Issues & Security Threats === ==== 4.1 Data Poisoning & State Inversion ==== In standard IT databases, changing data only harms information security. However, a data tampering attack on a digital twin has direct, dangerous physical results. If a hacker breaks into the communication network, they can send false sensor data into the pipeline. This is called state inversion. For example, if a hacker sends fake data packets showing that a robot's motor temperature is normal when it is actually overheating, the digital twin will fail to trigger the automatic safety shutdown. On the other hand, a hacker could send fake danger signals to trigger a sudden emergency stop, causing costly factory downtime and putting heavy stress on mechanical joints. ==== 4.2 Remote Control Network Lag & Safety Risks ==== When engineers use digital twins to control robots from a long distance over 5G networks, network speed translates directly into physical safety. If the network suffers from unexpected delays or dropped packets, a time lag is introduces between the physical robot and the virtual twin. If the automated path planning software inside the twin does not account for this delay, it can send rapid, incorrect movement commands to the physical robot. This can cause the robot arm to swing too far, damage its motors or crash into human workers standing nearby. ==== 4.3 Software Supply-Chain and Third-Party Risks ==== Modern digital twin setups are complex software systems that rely heavily on open-source code libraries, third-party interfaces (APIs) and cloud services. A single security flaw inside an unverified piece of software or device firmware can compromise the safety of the whole factory floor. Electronics engineers have a professional and moral duty to check all software components. They must maintain a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) and thoroughly test all updates on offline machines before turning on the live system. === 5. Compliance: International Standards Matrix === A factory cannot rely on just one framework; engineers must combine different rules to protect a cyber-physical system: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Standard Reference !Main Focus & Scope !Practical Use in Automation |- |'''ISO 23247''' |Defines the official framework for manufacturing digital twins, focusing on data formats, layout and how different machines talk to each other. |Used to set up data formats and network APIs connecting different brands of factory machines. ''*Note: It does not cover security rules.*'' |- |'''NISTIR 8356''' |Examines cybersecurity trust issues, detailing security threats unique to digital twins, data honesty and system boundaries. |Acts as the main design guide for building clean data pipelines and handling software model limits. |- |'''ISA/IEC 62443''' |Sets up a complete lifecycle safety plan for securing Industrial Automation and Control System (IACS). |Used to divide factory networks into separate zones, keeping the digital twin software away from core emergency safety controls. |- |'''ISO 10218:2025''' |Specifies strict physical and performance rules for industrial robots and their physical workspaces. |Ensures that no matter what data the digital twin creates, physical emergency buttons and mechanical stop switches always have final control. |} o013ibwk1c4f7sgrek4sqp70qkxhcvg 4680692 4680691 2026-11-07T16:04:46Z GouravGarg-1711 3630221 Added sub heading: "Ethical Dimensions & Professional Duties". 4680692 wikitext text/x-wiki == Industrial Digital Twins in Automation: Navigating Cybersecurity Frameworks and Ethical Safety Standards == === 1. Introduction & The New Automation Trend === Modern industrial automation is changing quickly because of the connection between physical factory machines (Operational Technology) and advanced computer software. At the center of this change is the deployment of industrial digital twins. A digital twin is a live virtual mirror of a physical machine, a robot or an entire production line. Traditional automation used fixed, separated control systems. In contrast, using live data allows factories to improve production lines on the fly, find out when machine parts will break before they actually fail and safely control robots from far away. However, this deep, two way connection between software platforms and physical hardware completely changes the safety risks. It introduces critical safety, cybersecurity and legal challenges that electronics and automation engineers must know how to handle properly. === 2. Difference Between Digital Models, Shadows and Twins === It is vital to separate a digital twin from other common design tools, as these terms are often mixed up in the simple textbooks: * '''Digital Model:''' A static, digital file of a physical object (like a standard SolidWorks CAD drawing or an electrical circuit diagram) that has no automated data exchange with the real machine. Changes to the physical machine do not update the digital file and changes to the file do not affect the machine. * '''Digital Shadow:''' A one way data path where changes in the physical machine automatically updates the digital model. However, the digital model cannot send commands back to change or move the physical system. * '''Digital Twin:''' A fully integrated, two way cyber-physical loop. Live data from sensors flows directly from the physical machine to the digital model, At the same time, the software analysis can automatically generate new control commands or safety overrides that travel back to move the physical machine through Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). === 3. Technical Architecture & Data Pipelines === An industrial digital twin is built out of three main parts: # The Physical Layer (the actual robotic arm, motors and sensors), # The Communication Layer (the industrial network links like EtherCAT, PROFINET or 5G wireless networks), # The Cyber Layer (the cloud or local computer running the 3D physics models and maintenance software). For an automation engineer, keeping these layers perfectly in sync is a major technical task. High quality twins use sensor fusion methods. They combine computer vision data with motor position and torque readings to track the exact location of the robot. If this network data loop suffers from lag, delay or packet losses, the computer software will miscalculate safety zones, which can cause sudden machine failures. === 4. Contemporary Issues & Security Threats === ==== 4.1 Data Poisoning & State Inversion ==== In standard IT databases, changing data only harms information security. However, a data tampering attack on a digital twin has direct, dangerous physical results. If a hacker breaks into the communication network, they can send false sensor data into the pipeline. This is called state inversion. For example, if a hacker sends fake data packets showing that a robot's motor temperature is normal when it is actually overheating, the digital twin will fail to trigger the automatic safety shutdown. On the other hand, a hacker could send fake danger signals to trigger a sudden emergency stop, causing costly factory downtime and putting heavy stress on mechanical joints. ==== 4.2 Remote Control Network Lag & Safety Risks ==== When engineers use digital twins to control robots from a long distance over 5G networks, network speed translates directly into physical safety. If the network suffers from unexpected delays or dropped packets, a time lag is introduces between the physical robot and the virtual twin. If the automated path planning software inside the twin does not account for this delay, it can send rapid, incorrect movement commands to the physical robot. This can cause the robot arm to swing too far, damage its motors or crash into human workers standing nearby. ==== 4.3 Software Supply-Chain and Third-Party Risks ==== Modern digital twin setups are complex software systems that rely heavily on open-source code libraries, third-party interfaces (APIs) and cloud services. A single security flaw inside an unverified piece of software or device firmware can compromise the safety of the whole factory floor. Electronics engineers have a professional and moral duty to check all software components. They must maintain a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) and thoroughly test all updates on offline machines before turning on the live system. === 5. Compliance: International Standards Matrix === A factory cannot rely on just one framework; engineers must combine different rules to protect a cyber-physical system: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Standard Reference !Main Focus & Scope !Practical Use in Automation |- |'''ISO 23247''' |Defines the official framework for manufacturing digital twins, focusing on data formats, layout and how different machines talk to each other. |Used to set up data formats and network APIs connecting different brands of factory machines. ''*Note: It does not cover security rules.*'' |- |'''NISTIR 8356''' |Examines cybersecurity trust issues, detailing security threats unique to digital twins, data honesty and system boundaries. |Acts as the main design guide for building clean data pipelines and handling software model limits. |- |'''ISA/IEC 62443''' |Sets up a complete lifecycle safety plan for securing Industrial Automation and Control System (IACS). |Used to divide factory networks into separate zones, keeping the digital twin software away from core emergency safety controls. |- |'''ISO 10218:2025''' |Specifies strict physical and performance rules for industrial robots and their physical workspaces. |Ensures that no matter what data the digital twin creates, physical emergency buttons and mechanical stop switches always have final control. |} === 6. Ethical Dimensions & Professional Duties === ==== 6.1 Privacy & Worker Monitoring Loops ==== When high fidelity digital twins create real time mirrors of whole factory floors, they naturally collects tracking data about human workers. System that monitor autonomous factory vehicles or shared work areas collect constant data on worker locations, movement speeds and task times. This continues tracking creates clear ethical issues regarding hidden surveillance and unfair employee profiling. Under engineering codes of ethics, professionals must ensure that worker data collection is kept to a minimum, clearly explained to staff, used only for physical safety protection and never used to spy on worker speeds or performance. ==== 6.2 Data Ownership & Patents under TRIPS ==== Industrial digital twins combine many different types of intellectual property (IP). A single factory floor brings together the physical design of the machine (owned by the robot builder), custom automation algorithms (owned by the system installer) and live running data (owned by the factory owner). Under global trade treaties like the TRIPS Agreement, deciding who legally owns the running data is very data complicated. Professional engineers must respect these IP boundaries, check software licenses carefully and never extract or copy operational datasets without official permission. j3y57nywdpb5b4tcjh6wjzwl2oe7o6y 4680704 4680692 2026-11-07T17:11:05Z GouravGarg-1711 3630221 Added sub heading: "The Lifecycle Assurance Lens Framework". 4680704 wikitext text/x-wiki == Industrial Digital Twins in Automation: Navigating Cybersecurity Frameworks and Ethical Safety Standards == === 1. Introduction & The New Automation Trend === Modern industrial automation is changing quickly because of the connection between physical factory machines (Operational Technology) and advanced computer software. At the center of this change is the deployment of industrial digital twins. A digital twin is a live virtual mirror of a physical machine, a robot or an entire production line. Traditional automation used fixed, separated control systems. In contrast, using live data allows factories to improve production lines on the fly, find out when machine parts will break before they actually fail and safely control robots from far away. However, this deep, two way connection between software platforms and physical hardware completely changes the safety risks. It introduces critical safety, cybersecurity and legal challenges that electronics and automation engineers must know how to handle properly. === 2. Difference Between Digital Models, Shadows and Twins === It is vital to separate a digital twin from other common design tools, as these terms are often mixed up in the simple textbooks: * '''Digital Model:''' A static, digital file of a physical object (like a standard SolidWorks CAD drawing or an electrical circuit diagram) that has no automated data exchange with the real machine. Changes to the physical machine do not update the digital file and changes to the file do not affect the machine. * '''Digital Shadow:''' A one way data path where changes in the physical machine automatically updates the digital model. However, the digital model cannot send commands back to change or move the physical system. * '''Digital Twin:''' A fully integrated, two way cyber-physical loop. Live data from sensors flows directly from the physical machine to the digital model, At the same time, the software analysis can automatically generate new control commands or safety overrides that travel back to move the physical machine through Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). === 3. Technical Architecture & Data Pipelines === An industrial digital twin is built out of three main parts: # The Physical Layer (the actual robotic arm, motors and sensors), # The Communication Layer (the industrial network links like EtherCAT, PROFINET or 5G wireless networks), # The Cyber Layer (the cloud or local computer running the 3D physics models and maintenance software). For an automation engineer, keeping these layers perfectly in sync is a major technical task. High quality twins use sensor fusion methods. They combine computer vision data with motor position and torque readings to track the exact location of the robot. If this network data loop suffers from lag, delay or packet losses, the computer software will miscalculate safety zones, which can cause sudden machine failures. === 4. Contemporary Issues & Security Threats === ==== 4.1 Data Poisoning & State Inversion ==== In standard IT databases, changing data only harms information security. However, a data tampering attack on a digital twin has direct, dangerous physical results. If a hacker breaks into the communication network, they can send false sensor data into the pipeline. This is called state inversion. For example, if a hacker sends fake data packets showing that a robot's motor temperature is normal when it is actually overheating, the digital twin will fail to trigger the automatic safety shutdown. On the other hand, a hacker could send fake danger signals to trigger a sudden emergency stop, causing costly factory downtime and putting heavy stress on mechanical joints. ==== 4.2 Remote Control Network Lag & Safety Risks ==== When engineers use digital twins to control robots from a long distance over 5G networks, network speed translates directly into physical safety. If the network suffers from unexpected delays or dropped packets, a time lag is introduces between the physical robot and the virtual twin. If the automated path planning software inside the twin does not account for this delay, it can send rapid, incorrect movement commands to the physical robot. This can cause the robot arm to swing too far, damage its motors or crash into human workers standing nearby. ==== 4.3 Software Supply-Chain and Third-Party Risks ==== Modern digital twin setups are complex software systems that rely heavily on open-source code libraries, third-party interfaces (APIs) and cloud services. A single security flaw inside an unverified piece of software or device firmware can compromise the safety of the whole factory floor. Electronics engineers have a professional and moral duty to check all software components. They must maintain a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) and thoroughly test all updates on offline machines before turning on the live system. === 5. Compliance: International Standards Matrix === A factory cannot rely on just one framework; engineers must combine different rules to protect a cyber-physical system: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Standard Reference !Main Focus & Scope !Practical Use in Automation |- |'''ISO 23247''' |Defines the official framework for manufacturing digital twins, focusing on data formats, layout and how different machines talk to each other. |Used to set up data formats and network APIs connecting different brands of factory machines. ''*Note: It does not cover security rules.*'' |- |'''NISTIR 8356''' |Examines cybersecurity trust issues, detailing security threats unique to digital twins, data honesty and system boundaries. |Acts as the main design guide for building clean data pipelines and handling software model limits. |- |'''ISA/IEC 62443''' |Sets up a complete lifecycle safety plan for securing Industrial Automation and Control System (IACS). |Used to divide factory networks into separate zones, keeping the digital twin software away from core emergency safety controls. |- |'''ISO 10218:2025''' |Specifies strict physical and performance rules for industrial robots and their physical workspaces. |Ensures that no matter what data the digital twin creates, physical emergency buttons and mechanical stop switches always have final control. |} === 6. Ethical Dimensions & Professional Duties === ==== 6.1 Privacy & Worker Monitoring Loops ==== When high fidelity digital twins create real time mirrors of whole factory floors, they naturally collects tracking data about human workers. System that monitor autonomous factory vehicles or shared work areas collect constant data on worker locations, movement speeds and task times. This continues tracking creates clear ethical issues regarding hidden surveillance and unfair employee profiling. Under engineering codes of ethics, professionals must ensure that worker data collection is kept to a minimum, clearly explained to staff, used only for physical safety protection and never used to spy on worker speeds or performance. ==== 6.2 Data Ownership & Patents under TRIPS ==== Industrial digital twins combine many different types of intellectual property (IP). A single factory floor brings together the physical design of the machine (owned by the robot builder), custom automation algorithms (owned by the system installer) and live running data (owned by the factory owner). Under global trade treaties like the TRIPS Agreement, deciding who legally owns the running data is very data complicated. Professional engineers must respect these IP boundaries, check software licenses carefully and never extract or copy operational datasets without official permission. === 7. The Lifecycle Assurance Lens Framework === Below is the four-part model that connects technical safety and ethical choices through every stage of a machine's life (Design, Testing, Operation, Maintenance and Retirement): # Data Trust Domain: Engineers must constantly verify that all incoming sensor readings are accurate, properly calibrated, time-stamped and clean. This stops the software twin from making bad automation adjustments based on broken or corrupted data. # Cybersecurity Domain: Systems must enforce strict encryption, zero-trust network configuration, user access levels and clear network isolation to protect the twin from malicious software attacks. # Physical Safety Domain: Every automation system must be built with the clear understanding that software models can fail. Physical emergency stop buttons, hardwired circuit breakers and manual human checks must always overrides any commands sent by the digital twin software. # Accountability Domain: Clear operational rules must be written down to show the exact legal responsibilities of the factory owner, the machine builder, the software installer and the cloud provider if physical accident happens. 20k856xw9924cf1241so6ixsps40b6f 4680705 4680704 2026-11-07T17:12:31Z GouravGarg-1711 3630221 4680705 wikitext text/x-wiki == Industrial Digital Twins in Automation: Navigating Cybersecurity Frameworks and Ethical Safety Standards == === 1. Introduction & The New Automation Trend === Modern industrial automation is changing quickly because of the connection between physical factory machines (Operational Technology) and advanced computer software. At the center of this change is the deployment of industrial digital twins. A digital twin is a live virtual mirror of a physical machine, a robot or an entire production line. Traditional automation used fixed, separated control systems. In contrast, using live data allows factories to improve production lines on the fly, find out when machine parts will break before they actually fail and safely control robots from far away. However, this deep, two way connection between software platforms and physical hardware completely changes the safety risks. It introduces critical safety, cybersecurity and legal challenges that electronics and automation engineers must know how to handle properly. === 2. Difference Between Digital Models, Shadows and Twins === It is vital to separate a digital twin from other common design tools, as these terms are often mixed up in the simple textbooks: * '''Digital Model:''' A static, digital file of a physical object (like a standard SolidWorks CAD drawing or an electrical circuit diagram) that has no automated data exchange with the real machine. Changes to the physical machine do not update the digital file and changes to the file do not affect the machine. * '''Digital Shadow:''' A one way data path where changes in the physical machine automatically updates the digital model. However, the digital model cannot send commands back to change or move the physical system. * '''Digital Twin:''' A fully integrated, two way cyber-physical loop. Live data from sensors flows directly from the physical machine to the digital model, At the same time, the software analysis can automatically generate new control commands or safety overrides that travel back to move the physical machine through Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). === 3. Technical Architecture & Data Pipelines === An industrial digital twin is built out of three main parts: # The Physical Layer (the actual robotic arm, motors and sensors), # The Communication Layer (the industrial network links like EtherCAT, PROFINET or 5G wireless networks), # The Cyber Layer (the cloud or local computer running the 3D physics models and maintenance software). For an automation engineer, keeping these layers perfectly in sync is a major technical task. High quality twins use sensor fusion methods. They combine computer vision data with motor position and torque readings to track the exact location of the robot. If this network data loop suffers from lag, delay or packet losses, the computer software will miscalculate safety zones, which can cause sudden machine failures. === 4. Contemporary Issues & Security Threats === ==== 4.1 Data Poisoning & State Inversion ==== In standard IT databases, changing data only harms information security. However, a data tampering attack on a digital twin has direct, dangerous physical results. If a hacker breaks into the communication network, they can send false sensor data into the pipeline. This is called state inversion. For example, if a hacker sends fake data packets showing that a robot's motor temperature is normal when it is actually overheating, the digital twin will fail to trigger the automatic safety shutdown. On the other hand, a hacker could send fake danger signals to trigger a sudden emergency stop, causing costly factory downtime and putting heavy stress on mechanical joints. ==== 4.2 Remote Control Network Lag & Safety Risks ==== When engineers use digital twins to control robots from a long distance over 5G networks, network speed translates directly into physical safety. If the network suffers from unexpected delays or dropped packets, a time lag is introduces between the physical robot and the virtual twin. If the automated path planning software inside the twin does not account for this delay, it can send rapid, incorrect movement commands to the physical robot. This can cause the robot arm to swing too far, damage its motors or crash into human workers standing nearby. ==== 4.3 Software Supply-Chain and Third-Party Risks ==== Modern digital twin setups are complex software systems that rely heavily on open-source code libraries, third-party interfaces (APIs) and cloud services. A single security flaw inside an unverified piece of software or device firmware can compromise the safety of the whole factory floor. Electronics engineers have a professional and moral duty to check all software components. They must maintain a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) and thoroughly test all updates on offline machines before turning on the live system. === 5. Compliance: International Standards Matrix === A factory cannot rely on just one framework; engineers must combine different rules to protect a cyber-physical system: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Standard Reference !Main Focus & Scope !Practical Use in Automation |- |'''ISO 23247''' |Defines the official framework for manufacturing digital twins, focusing on data formats, layout and how different machines talk to each other. |Used to set up data formats and network APIs connecting different brands of factory machines. ''*Note: It does not cover security rules.*'' |- |'''NISTIR 8356''' |Examines cybersecurity trust issues, detailing security threats unique to digital twins, data honesty and system boundaries. |Acts as the main design guide for building clean data pipelines and handling software model limits. |- |'''ISA/IEC 62443''' |Sets up a complete lifecycle safety plan for securing Industrial Automation and Control System (IACS). |Used to divide factory networks into separate zones, keeping the digital twin software away from core emergency safety controls. |- |'''ISO 10218:2025''' |Specifies strict physical and performance rules for industrial robots and their physical workspaces. |Ensures that no matter what data the digital twin creates, physical emergency buttons and mechanical stop switches always have final control. |} === 6. Ethical Dimensions & Professional Duties === ==== 6.1 Privacy & Worker Monitoring Loops ==== When high fidelity digital twins create real time mirrors of whole factory floors, they naturally collects tracking data about human workers. System that monitor autonomous factory vehicles or shared work areas collect constant data on worker locations, movement speeds and task times. This continues tracking creates clear ethical issues regarding hidden surveillance and unfair employee profiling. Under engineering codes of ethics, professionals must ensure that worker data collection is kept to a minimum, clearly explained to staff, used only for physical safety protection and never used to spy on worker speeds or performance. ==== 6.2 Data Ownership & Patents under TRIPS ==== Industrial digital twins combine many different types of intellectual property (IP). A single factory floor brings together the physical design of the machine (owned by the robot builder), custom automation algorithms (owned by the system installer) and live running data (owned by the factory owner). Under global trade treaties like the TRIPS Agreement, deciding who legally owns the running data is very data complicated. Professional engineers must respect these IP boundaries, check software licenses carefully and never extract or copy operational datasets without official permission. === 7. The Lifecycle Assurance Lens Framework === Below is the four-part model that connects technical safety and ethical choices through every stage of a machine's life (Design, Testing, Operation, Maintenance and Retirement): # Data Trust Domain: Engineers must constantly verify that all incoming sensor readings are accurate, properly calibrated, time-stamped and clean. This stops the software twin from making bad automation adjustments based on broken or corrupted data. # Cybersecurity Domain: Systems must enforce strict encryption, zero-trust network configuration, user access levels and clear network isolation to protect the twin from malicious software attacks. # Physical Safety Domain: Every automation system must be built with the clear understanding that software models can fail. Physical emergency stop buttons, hardwired circuit breakers and manual human checks must always overrides any commands sent by the digital twin software. # Accountability Domain: Clear operational rules must be written down to show the exact legal responsibilities of the factory owner, the machine builder, the software installer and the cloud provider if physical accident happens. === 8. References === m8rs629e5rc5bzk9w3rivkj0p3jklht 4680707 4680705 2026-11-07T17:14:16Z GouravGarg-1711 3630221 /* 7. The Lifecycle Assurance Lens Framework */ 4680707 wikitext text/x-wiki == Industrial Digital Twins in Automation: Navigating Cybersecurity Frameworks and Ethical Safety Standards == === 1. Introduction & The New Automation Trend === Modern industrial automation is changing quickly because of the connection between physical factory machines (Operational Technology) and advanced computer software. At the center of this change is the deployment of industrial digital twins. A digital twin is a live virtual mirror of a physical machine, a robot or an entire production line. Traditional automation used fixed, separated control systems. In contrast, using live data allows factories to improve production lines on the fly, find out when machine parts will break before they actually fail and safely control robots from far away. However, this deep, two way connection between software platforms and physical hardware completely changes the safety risks. It introduces critical safety, cybersecurity and legal challenges that electronics and automation engineers must know how to handle properly. === 2. Difference Between Digital Models, Shadows and Twins === It is vital to separate a digital twin from other common design tools, as these terms are often mixed up in the simple textbooks: * '''Digital Model:''' A static, digital file of a physical object (like a standard SolidWorks CAD drawing or an electrical circuit diagram) that has no automated data exchange with the real machine. Changes to the physical machine do not update the digital file and changes to the file do not affect the machine. * '''Digital Shadow:''' A one way data path where changes in the physical machine automatically updates the digital model. However, the digital model cannot send commands back to change or move the physical system. * '''Digital Twin:''' A fully integrated, two way cyber-physical loop. Live data from sensors flows directly from the physical machine to the digital model, At the same time, the software analysis can automatically generate new control commands or safety overrides that travel back to move the physical machine through Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). === 3. Technical Architecture & Data Pipelines === An industrial digital twin is built out of three main parts: # The Physical Layer (the actual robotic arm, motors and sensors), # The Communication Layer (the industrial network links like EtherCAT, PROFINET or 5G wireless networks), # The Cyber Layer (the cloud or local computer running the 3D physics models and maintenance software). For an automation engineer, keeping these layers perfectly in sync is a major technical task. High quality twins use sensor fusion methods. They combine computer vision data with motor position and torque readings to track the exact location of the robot. If this network data loop suffers from lag, delay or packet losses, the computer software will miscalculate safety zones, which can cause sudden machine failures. === 4. Contemporary Issues & Security Threats === ==== 4.1 Data Poisoning & State Inversion ==== In standard IT databases, changing data only harms information security. However, a data tampering attack on a digital twin has direct, dangerous physical results. If a hacker breaks into the communication network, they can send false sensor data into the pipeline. This is called state inversion. For example, if a hacker sends fake data packets showing that a robot's motor temperature is normal when it is actually overheating, the digital twin will fail to trigger the automatic safety shutdown. On the other hand, a hacker could send fake danger signals to trigger a sudden emergency stop, causing costly factory downtime and putting heavy stress on mechanical joints. ==== 4.2 Remote Control Network Lag & Safety Risks ==== When engineers use digital twins to control robots from a long distance over 5G networks, network speed translates directly into physical safety. If the network suffers from unexpected delays or dropped packets, a time lag is introduces between the physical robot and the virtual twin. If the automated path planning software inside the twin does not account for this delay, it can send rapid, incorrect movement commands to the physical robot. This can cause the robot arm to swing too far, damage its motors or crash into human workers standing nearby. ==== 4.3 Software Supply-Chain and Third-Party Risks ==== Modern digital twin setups are complex software systems that rely heavily on open-source code libraries, third-party interfaces (APIs) and cloud services. A single security flaw inside an unverified piece of software or device firmware can compromise the safety of the whole factory floor. Electronics engineers have a professional and moral duty to check all software components. They must maintain a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) and thoroughly test all updates on offline machines before turning on the live system. === 5. Compliance: International Standards Matrix === A factory cannot rely on just one framework; engineers must combine different rules to protect a cyber-physical system: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Standard Reference !Main Focus & Scope !Practical Use in Automation |- |'''ISO 23247''' |Defines the official framework for manufacturing digital twins, focusing on data formats, layout and how different machines talk to each other. |Used to set up data formats and network APIs connecting different brands of factory machines. ''*Note: It does not cover security rules.*'' |- |'''NISTIR 8356''' |Examines cybersecurity trust issues, detailing security threats unique to digital twins, data honesty and system boundaries. |Acts as the main design guide for building clean data pipelines and handling software model limits. |- |'''ISA/IEC 62443''' |Sets up a complete lifecycle safety plan for securing Industrial Automation and Control System (IACS). |Used to divide factory networks into separate zones, keeping the digital twin software away from core emergency safety controls. |- |'''ISO 10218:2025''' |Specifies strict physical and performance rules for industrial robots and their physical workspaces. |Ensures that no matter what data the digital twin creates, physical emergency buttons and mechanical stop switches always have final control. |} === 6. Ethical Dimensions & Professional Duties === ==== 6.1 Privacy & Worker Monitoring Loops ==== When high fidelity digital twins create real time mirrors of whole factory floors, they naturally collects tracking data about human workers. System that monitor autonomous factory vehicles or shared work areas collect constant data on worker locations, movement speeds and task times. This continues tracking creates clear ethical issues regarding hidden surveillance and unfair employee profiling. Under engineering codes of ethics, professionals must ensure that worker data collection is kept to a minimum, clearly explained to staff, used only for physical safety protection and never used to spy on worker speeds or performance. ==== 6.2 Data Ownership & Patents under TRIPS ==== Industrial digital twins combine many different types of intellectual property (IP). A single factory floor brings together the physical design of the machine (owned by the robot builder), custom automation algorithms (owned by the system installer) and live running data (owned by the factory owner). Under global trade treaties like the TRIPS Agreement, deciding who legally owns the running data is very data complicated. Professional engineers must respect these IP boundaries, check software licenses carefully and never extract or copy operational datasets without official permission. === 7. The Lifecycle Assurance Lens Framework === Below is the four-part model that connects technical safety and ethical choices through every stage of a machine's life (Design, Testing, Operation, Maintenance and Retirement): # '''Data Trust Domain:''' Engineers must constantly verify that all incoming sensor readings are accurate, properly calibrated, time-stamped and clean. This stops the software twin from making bad automation adjustments based on broken or corrupted data. # '''Cybersecurity Domain:''' Systems must enforce strict encryption, zero-trust network configuration, user access levels and clear network isolation to protect the twin from malicious software attacks. # '''Physical Safety Domain:''' Every automation system must be built with the clear understanding that software models can fail. Physical emergency stop buttons, hardwired circuit breakers and manual human checks must always overrides any commands sent by the digital twin software. # '''Accountability Domain:''' Clear operational rules must be written down to show the exact legal responsibilities of the factory owner, the machine builder, the software installer and the cloud provider if physical accident happens. === 8. References === b6ram91x98uoue105vmounmv1fv0pso 2 486922 4680831 4680241 2026-11-08T02:48:13Z MathXplore 3097823 Requesting deletion ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]] v3.1d) 4680831 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{delete|1=Out of project scope. Wrong language <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small>}}</noinclude> '''వ్యాసం: రోబోట్ ఆపరేటింగ్ సిస్టమ్ (ROS)''' '''పరిచయం''' రోబోట్ ఆపరేటింగ్ సిస్టమ్ (ROS) అనేది రోబోట్‌లను అభివృద్ధి చేయడానికి మరియు నియంత్రించడానికి ఉపయోగించే ఓపెన్ సోర్స్ సాఫ్ట్‌వేర్ ఫ్రేమ్‌వర్క్. ఇది డెవలపర్‌లకు అధునాతన రోబోటిక్ అప్లికేషన్‌లను రూపొందించడానికి అవసరమైన టూల్స్, లైబ్రరీలు మరియు సాఫ్ట్‌వేర్ ప్యాకేజీలను అందిస్తుంది. '''ROS యొక్క ప్రాముఖ్యత''' ఆధునిక రోబోటిక్స్ రంగంలో ROS ముఖ్యమైన పాత్ర పోషిస్తుంది. ఇది రోబోట్‌లు వివిధ పనులను చేయడానికి సహాయపడుతుంది. ఉదాహరణకు, కదలడం, వస్తువులను గుర్తించడం, అడ్డంకులను తప్పించుకోవడం మరియు పరిసరాలను అర్థం చేసుకొని ప్రయాణించడం. అలాగే, రోబోట్‌లోని వివిధ భాగాలు ఒకదానితో ఒకటి సమాచారాన్ని పంచుకోవడానికి సహాయపడుతుంది. '''ROS యొక్క ఉపయోగాలు''' ROS అనేక రంగాలలో ఉపయోగించబడుతుంది. స్వయంచాలక కార్లు. పారిశ్రామిక రోబోట్లు. వైద్య రంగంలోని రోబోట్లు. వ్యవసాయ రోబోట్లు. వస్తువులను డెలివరీ చేసే రోబోట్లు. పరిశోధన మరియు విద్యా రంగాలు. '''ROS యొక్క ప్రయోజనాలు''' ఇది ఉచితంగా ఉపయోగించగల ఓపెన్ సోర్స్ సాఫ్ట్‌వేర్. ఇది Python మరియు C++ వంటి ప్రోగ్రామింగ్ భాషలకు మద్దతు ఇస్తుంది. తిరిగి ఉపయోగించగల సాఫ్ట్‌వేర్ ప్యాకేజీలను అందిస్తుంది. రోబోట్‌ల అభివృద్ధిని సులభతరం చేస్తుంది. రోబోట్‌లోని వివిధ భాగాల మధ్య సమాచార మార్పిడికి సహాయపడుతుంది. '''ముగింపు''' రోబోటిక్స్ రంగంలో ROS ఒక ముఖ్యమైన సాంకేతికత. ఇది రోబోట్‌ల అభివృద్ధిని సులభంగా, వేగంగా మరియు సమర్థవంతంగా చేస్తుంది. సాంకేతిక పరిజ్ఞానం అభివృద్ధి చెందుతున్న కొద్దీ, ఆటోమేషన్ మరియు కృత్రిమ మేధస్సు (AI) రంగాలలో ROS ముఖ్యమైన పాత్ర పోషిస్తుం d25x7fbx2k9gyhi3h40bnarlniag2eo 2 486924 4680926 4680336 2026-11-08T10:00:44Z D542006P 3629126 /* Application Of The Time Division Multiplexing: */ 4680926 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Time Division Multiplexing (TDM): Synchronous and Asynchronous''' == [[File:Time division multiplexing.PNG|thumb|319x319px]] ====== '''Introduction:''' ====== Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a communication technique that allows multiple independent signals to share a single transmission channel by assigning each signal a particular time interval. Instead of transmitting all signals simultaneously, TDM sends their data one after another in an organized sequence. ====== Basic Principle of Time Division Multiplexing: ====== A device called a multiplexer (MUX) combines the data from different input sources into a single data stream. The combined information travels through a shared communication medium. At the destination, a demultiplexer (DEMUX) identifies the individual time slots and distributes the received information to the corresponding output channels [[File:Elementoftdm.jpg|468x468px]] ====== Type of Time Division Multiplexing: ====== * Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing * Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing ====== Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing: ====== Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing is a technique in which each input source is assigned a fixed time slot in every transmission frame, irrespective of whether that source has information to transmit The receiver uses the same timing sequence to identify the data belonging to each input source.[[File:Sysyyb.png|569x569px]] ====== Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing: ====== Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing, also known as Statistical Time Division Multiplexing (STDM), is a technique in which time slots are assigned dynamically according to the availability of data from different input sources. For example, suppose channels A, B, and D have information to transmit, while channel C is inactive. The multiplexer can transmit data from A, B, and D without reserving an unnecessary slot for C. [[File:Asysyy.png|465x465px]] ====== Practical Example Of TDM : ====== In synchronous TDM, each computer receives a fixed transmission opportunity. Even if one computer is inactive, its assigned time slot remains reserved. In asynchronous TDM, the system checks which computers have information ready. The available time slots are assigned to active computers, allowing the shared channel to carry useful information instead of transmitting unnecessary empty slots. ====== Application Of The Time Division Multiplexing: ====== 1. Satellite Communication: TDM enables multiple communication signals to share the available transmission resources.. 2. Mobile Communication: Time-slot-based transmission techniques allow multiple users to share radio resources. 3. Digital Broadcasting: Time-based multiplexing can combine different digital information streams for transmission. ====== Conclusion : ====== Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) allows multiple signals to share a single communication channel. Synchronous TDM uses fixed time slots, while Asynchronous TDM allocates slots according to data availability. Both techniques improve communication efficiency and are widely used in digital communication systems. 1o5e7py020767quazcg0bsi30civvhy 4680927 4680926 2026-11-08T10:05:54Z D542006P 3629126 4680927 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Time Division Multiplexing (TDM): Synchronous and Asynchronous''' == [[File:Time division multiplexing.PNG|thumb|319x319px]] ====== '''Introduction:''' ====== Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a communication technique that allows multiple independent signals to share a single transmission channel by assigning each signal a particular time interval. Instead of transmitting all signals simultaneously, TDM sends their data one after another in an organized sequence. ====== Basic Principle of Time Division Multiplexing: ====== A device called a multiplexer (MUX) combines the data from different input sources into a single data stream. The combined information travels through a shared communication medium. At the destination, a demultiplexer (DEMUX) identifies the individual time slots and distributes the received information to the corresponding output channels [[File:Elementoftdm.jpg|468x468px]] ====== Type of Time Division Multiplexing: ====== * Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing * Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing ====== Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing: ====== Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing is a technique in which each input source is assigned a fixed time slot in every transmission frame, irrespective of whether that source has information to transmit The receiver uses the same timing sequence to identify the data belonging to each input source.[[File:Sysyyb.png|569x569px]] ====== Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing: ====== Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing, also known as Statistical Time Division Multiplexing (STDM), is a technique in which time slots are assigned dynamically according to the availability of data from different input sources. For example, suppose channels A, B, and D have information to transmit, while channel C is inactive. The multiplexer can transmit data from A, B, and D without reserving an unnecessary slot for C. [[File:Asysyy.png|465x465px]] ====== Practical Example Of TDM : ====== In synchronous TDM, each computer receives a fixed transmission opportunity. Even if one computer is inactive, its assigned time slot remains reserved. In asynchronous TDM, the system checks which computers have information ready. The available time slots are assigned to active computers, allowing the shared channel to carry useful information instead of transmitting unnecessary empty slots. ====== Application Of The Time Division Multiplexing: ====== 1. Satellite Communication: TDM enables multiple communication signals to share the available transmission resources.. 2. Mobile Communication: Time-slot-based transmission techniques allow multiple users to share radio resources. 3. Digital Broadcasting: Time-based multiplexing can combine different digital information streams for transmission. ====== Conclusion : ====== TDM allows multiple signals to share a single communication channel. Synchronous TDM uses fixed time slots, while Asynchronous TDM allocates slots according to data availability. Both techniques improve communication efficiency and are widely used in digital communication systems. 128t79opfi2b45zc7ywc3vxguriwo34 0 486925 4680740 4680376 2026-11-07T20:24:29Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 flag 4680740 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{AI-suspected|reason=See flags on individual pages}}{{delete|1=Out of project scope <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small>}}</noinclude> = Learn & Earn: Learn How to Learn. Earn Halal Rizq. = ''Learn & Earn: Learn How to Learn. Earn Halal Rizq.'' is a book by Saalim Zayed that explores effective learning, personal development, practical skills, and earning through permissible means (halal rizq) within an Islamic ethical framework. The book focuses on the relationship between acquiring knowledge and applying it to productive activities. Its central theme is that learning should extend beyond theoretical understanding and contribute to practical capabilities and meaningful work. == Overview == The book addresses two interconnected subjects: learning how to learn and developing the ability to earn through useful skills and productive effort. The first part concerns learning as an ongoing process, including the development of knowledge, understanding, and practical abilities. The second part connects those abilities with work, value creation, and the pursuit of income in accordance with Islamic ethical principles. == Themes == The book explores several themes: * '''Effective learning:''' Understanding how to acquire and apply knowledge. * '''Skill development:''' Building practical abilities through continuous learning. * '''Personal development:''' Developing discipline and taking responsibility for improvement. * '''Halal rizq:''' Pursuing income through permissible and ethical means. * '''Knowledge and action:''' Applying what is learned to real-world activities. == Publication == {| class="wikitable" !Detail !Information |- |Title |''Learn & Earn: Learn How to Learn. Earn Halal Rizq.'' |- |Author |[[d:Q141657493|Saalim Zayed]] |- |Genre |Non-fiction |- |Subject |Learning, personal development, and halal earning |- |Publisher / Distributor |Hukm Qalbi |- |Availability |Amazon |} == External links == * Amazon edition * Hukm Qalbi ra7ymr0m7uzcdcj9qvbb9wybt7mo63o 4680829 4680740 2026-11-08T02:44:51Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680829 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{AI-suspected|reason=See flags on individual pages}}{{delete|1=Out of project scope <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small>}}</noinclude> = Learn & Earn: Learn How to Learn. Earn Halal Rizq. = ''Learn & Earn: Learn How to Learn. Earn Halal Rizq.'' is a book by Saalim Zayed that explores effective learning, personal development, practical skills, and earning through permissible means (halal rizq) within an Islamic ethical framework. The book focuses on the relationship between acquiring knowledge and applying it to productive activities. Its central theme is that learning should extend beyond theoretical understanding and contribute to practical capabilities and meaningful work. == Overview == The book addresses two interconnected subjects: learning how to learn and developing the ability to earn through useful skills and productive effort. The first part concerns learning as an ongoing process, including the development of knowledge, understanding, and practical abilities. The second part connects those abilities with work, value creation, and the pursuit of income in accordance with Islamic ethical principles. == Themes == The book explores several themes: * '''Effective learning:''' Understanding how to acquire and apply knowledge. * '''Skill development:''' Building practical abilities through continuous learning. * '''Personal development:''' Developing discipline and taking responsibility for improvement. * '''Halal rizq:''' Pursuing income through permissible and ethical means. * '''Knowledge and action:''' Applying what is learned to real-world activities. == Publication == {| class="wikitable" !Detail !Information |- |Title |''Learn & Earn: Learn How to Learn. Earn Halal Rizq.'' |- |Author |[[d:Q141657493|Saalim Zayed]] |- |Genre |Non-fiction |- |Subject |Learning, personal development, and halal earning |- |Publisher / Distributor |Hukm Qalbi |- |Availability |Amazon |} == External links == * Amazon edition * Hukm Qalbi {{BookCat}} jb8guwgon2h1rz1w2uyyzkegysvq2ky 0 486928 4680806 4680561 2026-11-08T02:20:13Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine Type (Position 6-7): */ 4680806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ==General Template for Rolls-Royce's VIN format (1981 - 2002)== ===Rolls-Royce WMIs (Position 1-3)=== * SCA - Rolls-Royce passenger car ===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)=== * Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17), Camargue * Z - Corniche '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Silver Spirit, Silver Dawn, Silver Spur, Flying Spur, Corniche '00-'02 * L - Silver Seraph ===Model Type (Position 5)=== * D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * J (following Y) - Camargue 2-d coupe '81-'87 * A (following Z) - Silver Dawn LWB 4-d sedan * C (following Z) - Corniche S 2-d convertible '95 * D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17) * G (following Z) - Flying Spur LWB 4-d sedan '95 * K (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '00-'02 * N (following Z) - Silver Spur LWB 4-d sedan * S (following Z) - Silver Spirit SWB 4-d sedan * V (following Z) - Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '96-'99 [24-in. stretch between front & rear doors] * W (following Z) - Silver Spur Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '92-'96, '98 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors] * Y (following Z) - Silver Spur Division by Park Ward '98-'99 (& outside US: '97), Silver Spur Non-Division by Park Ward '98 [14-in. stretch between front & rear doors. Division has glass divider between front & rear seats. Non-Division does not have glass divider between front & rear seats.] * A (following L) - Silver Seraph SWB 4-d sedan * D (following L) - Park Ward (LWB Silver Seraph sedan) ===Engine Type (Position 6-7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].<br> '81-Mid '87 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Camargue, Corniche through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17). |- | 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.<br> Mid '87-'95 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Corniche from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17), Silver Dawn '95. |- | 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.<br> Flying Spur, Corniche S '95. |- | 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.<br> Silver Spirit '96, Silver Spur '96, Silver Dawn '96-'97. |- | 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.<br> Silver Spur '97-'99, Silver Spur Lauderdale Edition by Mulliner Park Ward '97. |- | 29 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/R.<br> Corniche ('00-'02). |- | 61 || 5.4L || V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. BMW M73TUB54 V12 engine. Silver Seraph ('99-'02), Park Ward ('01-'02). |} ===Restraint System (Position 8):=== * A = Active (Manual) seat belts * B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88) * D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93) * C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98) * E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK ===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):=== * X = LHD * H = RHD ===Positions 13–17, Serial Number=== {{BookCat}} 3fhrmdf3ih83b9o6f1qpedc8fhhqvzb 4680931 4680806 2026-11-08T10:48:13Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine Type (Position 6-7): */ 4680931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ==General Template for Rolls-Royce's VIN format (1981 - 2002)== ===Rolls-Royce WMIs (Position 1-3)=== * SCA - Rolls-Royce passenger car ===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)=== * Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17), Camargue * Z - Corniche '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Silver Spirit, Silver Dawn, Silver Spur, Flying Spur, Corniche '00-'02 * L - Silver Seraph ===Model Type (Position 5)=== * D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * J (following Y) - Camargue 2-d coupe '81-'87 * A (following Z) - Silver Dawn LWB 4-d sedan * C (following Z) - Corniche S 2-d convertible '95 * D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17) * G (following Z) - Flying Spur LWB 4-d sedan '95 * K (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '00-'02 * N (following Z) - Silver Spur LWB 4-d sedan * S (following Z) - Silver Spirit SWB 4-d sedan * V (following Z) - Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '96-'99 [24-in. stretch between front & rear doors] * W (following Z) - Silver Spur Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '92-'96, '98 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors] * Y (following Z) - Silver Spur Division by Park Ward '98-'99 (& outside US: '97), Silver Spur Non-Division by Park Ward '98 [14-in. stretch between front & rear doors. Division has glass divider between front & rear seats. Non-Division does not have glass divider between front & rear seats.] * A (following L) - Silver Seraph SWB 4-d sedan * D (following L) - Park Ward (LWB Silver Seraph sedan) ===Engine Type (Position 6-7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].<br> '81-Mid '87 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Camargue, Corniche through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17). |- | 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.<br> Mid '87-'95 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Corniche from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17), Silver Dawn '95. |- | 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.<br> Flying Spur, Corniche S '95. |- | 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.<br> Silver Spirit '96, Silver Spur '96, Silver Dawn '96-'97. |- | 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.<br> Silver Spur '97-'99, Silver Spur Lauderdale Edition by Mulliner Park Ward '97. |- | 29 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/R.<br> Corniche ('00-'02). |- | 61 || 5.4L || V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. BMW M73TUB54 V12 engine. Silver Seraph ('99-'02), Park Ward ('01-'02), Silver Seraph Last of Line '02. |} ===Restraint System (Position 8):=== * A = Active (Manual) seat belts * B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88) * D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93) * C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98) * E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK ===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):=== * X = LHD * H = RHD ===Positions 13–17, Serial Number=== {{BookCat}} mkfkmdx3gmxvs5meluvcglsmm16zmxi 4680932 4680931 2026-11-08T10:49:28Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine Type (Position 6-7): */ 4680932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ==General Template for Rolls-Royce's VIN format (1981 - 2002)== ===Rolls-Royce WMIs (Position 1-3)=== * SCA - Rolls-Royce passenger car ===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)=== * Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17), Camargue * Z - Corniche '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Silver Spirit, Silver Dawn, Silver Spur, Flying Spur, Corniche '00-'02 * L - Silver Seraph ===Model Type (Position 5)=== * D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * J (following Y) - Camargue 2-d coupe '81-'87 * A (following Z) - Silver Dawn LWB 4-d sedan * C (following Z) - Corniche S 2-d convertible '95 * D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17) * G (following Z) - Flying Spur LWB 4-d sedan '95 * K (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '00-'02 * N (following Z) - Silver Spur LWB 4-d sedan * S (following Z) - Silver Spirit SWB 4-d sedan * V (following Z) - Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '96-'99 [24-in. stretch between front & rear doors] * W (following Z) - Silver Spur Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '92-'96, '98 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors] * Y (following Z) - Silver Spur Division by Park Ward '98-'99 (& outside US: '97), Silver Spur Non-Division by Park Ward '98 [14-in. stretch between front & rear doors. Division has glass divider between front & rear seats. Non-Division does not have glass divider between front & rear seats.] * A (following L) - Silver Seraph SWB 4-d sedan * D (following L) - Park Ward (LWB Silver Seraph sedan) ===Engine Type (Position 6-7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].<br> '81-Mid '87 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Camargue, Corniche through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17). |- | 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.<br> Mid '87-'95 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Corniche from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17), Silver Dawn '95. |- | 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.<br> Flying Spur, Corniche S '95. |- | 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.<br> Silver Spirit '96, Silver Spur '96, Silver Dawn '96-'97. |- | 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.<br> Silver Spur '97-'99, Silver Spur Lauderdale Edition by Mulliner Park Ward '97. |- | 29 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/R.<br> Corniche '00-'02. |- | 61 || 5.4L || V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. BMW M73TUB54 V12 engine. Silver Seraph '99-'02, Park Ward '01-'02, Silver Seraph Last of Line '02. |} ===Restraint System (Position 8):=== * A = Active (Manual) seat belts * B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88) * D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93) * C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98) * E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK ===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):=== * X = LHD * H = RHD ===Positions 13–17, Serial Number=== {{BookCat}} fkzmgl4fiktq0tmfb80d3gesi1hx6ym 4680936 4680932 2026-11-08T11:15:11Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine Type (Position 6-7): */ 4680936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ==General Template for Rolls-Royce's VIN format (1981 - 2002)== ===Rolls-Royce WMIs (Position 1-3)=== * SCA - Rolls-Royce passenger car ===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)=== * Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17), Camargue * Z - Corniche '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Silver Spirit, Silver Dawn, Silver Spur, Flying Spur, Corniche '00-'02 * L - Silver Seraph ===Model Type (Position 5)=== * D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * J (following Y) - Camargue 2-d coupe '81-'87 * A (following Z) - Silver Dawn LWB 4-d sedan * C (following Z) - Corniche S 2-d convertible '95 * D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17) * G (following Z) - Flying Spur LWB 4-d sedan '95 * K (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '00-'02 * N (following Z) - Silver Spur LWB 4-d sedan * S (following Z) - Silver Spirit SWB 4-d sedan * V (following Z) - Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '96-'99 [24-in. stretch between front & rear doors] * W (following Z) - Silver Spur Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '92-'96, '98 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors] * Y (following Z) - Silver Spur Division by Park Ward '98-'99 (& outside US: '97), Silver Spur Non-Division by Park Ward '98 [14-in. stretch between front & rear doors. Division has glass divider between front & rear seats. Non-Division does not have glass divider between front & rear seats.] * A (following L) - Silver Seraph SWB 4-d sedan * D (following L) - Park Ward (LWB Silver Seraph sedan) ===Engine Type (Position 6-7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].<br> '81-Mid '87 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Camargue, Corniche through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17). |- | 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.<br> Mid '87-'95 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Corniche from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17), Silver Dawn '95, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '92-'95. |- | 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.<br> Flying Spur, Corniche S '95. |- | 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.<br> Silver Spirit '96, Silver Spur '96, Silver Dawn '96-'97, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '96. |- | 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.<br> Silver Spur '97-'99, Silver Spur Lauderdale Edition by Mulliner Park Ward '97, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '98. |- | 29 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/R.<br> Corniche '00-'02. |- | 61 || 5.4L || V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. BMW M73TUB54 V12 engine. Silver Seraph '99-'02, Park Ward '01-'02, Silver Seraph Last of Line '02. |} ===Restraint System (Position 8):=== * A = Active (Manual) seat belts * B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88) * D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93) * C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98) * E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK ===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):=== * X = LHD * H = RHD ===Positions 13–17, Serial Number=== {{BookCat}} 3z7g8g3e7dzum73npwwp43z2i6fi84r 4680937 4680936 2026-11-08T11:19:29Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine Type (Position 6-7): */ 4680937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ==General Template for Rolls-Royce's VIN format (1981 - 2002)== ===Rolls-Royce WMIs (Position 1-3)=== * SCA - Rolls-Royce passenger car ===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)=== * Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17), Camargue * Z - Corniche '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Silver Spirit, Silver Dawn, Silver Spur, Flying Spur, Corniche '00-'02 * L - Silver Seraph ===Model Type (Position 5)=== * D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * J (following Y) - Camargue 2-d coupe '81-'87 * A (following Z) - Silver Dawn LWB 4-d sedan * C (following Z) - Corniche S 2-d convertible '95 * D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17) * G (following Z) - Flying Spur LWB 4-d sedan '95 * K (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '00-'02 * N (following Z) - Silver Spur LWB 4-d sedan * S (following Z) - Silver Spirit SWB 4-d sedan * V (following Z) - Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '96-'99 [24-in. stretch between front & rear doors] * W (following Z) - Silver Spur Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '92-'96, '98 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors] * Y (following Z) - Silver Spur Division by Park Ward '98-'99 (& outside US: '97), Silver Spur Non-Division by Park Ward '98 [14-in. stretch between front & rear doors. Division has glass divider between front & rear seats. Non-Division does not have glass divider between front & rear seats.] * A (following L) - Silver Seraph SWB 4-d sedan * D (following L) - Park Ward (LWB Silver Seraph sedan) ===Engine Type (Position 6-7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].<br> '81-Mid '87 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Camargue, Corniche through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17). |- | 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.<br> Mid '87-'95 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Corniche from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17), Silver Dawn '95, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '92-'95. |- | 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.<br> Flying Spur, Corniche S '95. |- | 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.<br> Silver Spirit '96, Silver Spur '96, Silver Dawn '96-'97, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '96. |- | 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.<br> Silver Spur '97-'99, Silver Spur Lauderdale Edition by Mulliner Park Ward '97, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '98, Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '97-'99. |- | 29 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/R.<br> Corniche '00-'02. |- | 61 || 5.4L || V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. BMW M73TUB54 V12 engine. Silver Seraph '99-'02, Park Ward '01-'02, Silver Seraph Last of Line '02. |} ===Restraint System (Position 8):=== * A = Active (Manual) seat belts * B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88) * D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93) * C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98) * E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK ===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):=== * X = LHD * H = RHD ===Positions 13–17, Serial Number=== {{BookCat}} a7rg39m2j1i0xh33cwm6ggp5ithuc7l 4680940 4680937 2026-11-08T11:22:06Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine Type (Position 6-7): */ 4680940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ==General Template for Rolls-Royce's VIN format (1981 - 2002)== ===Rolls-Royce WMIs (Position 1-3)=== * SCA - Rolls-Royce passenger car ===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)=== * Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17), Camargue * Z - Corniche '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Silver Spirit, Silver Dawn, Silver Spur, Flying Spur, Corniche '00-'02 * L - Silver Seraph ===Model Type (Position 5)=== * D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * J (following Y) - Camargue 2-d coupe '81-'87 * A (following Z) - Silver Dawn LWB 4-d sedan * C (following Z) - Corniche S 2-d convertible '95 * D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17) * G (following Z) - Flying Spur LWB 4-d sedan '95 * K (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '00-'02 * N (following Z) - Silver Spur LWB 4-d sedan * S (following Z) - Silver Spirit SWB 4-d sedan * V (following Z) - Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '96-'99 [24-in. stretch between front & rear doors] * W (following Z) - Silver Spur Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '92-'96, '98 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors] * Y (following Z) - Silver Spur Division by Park Ward '98-'99 (& outside US: '97), Silver Spur Non-Division by Park Ward '98 [14-in. stretch between front & rear doors. Division has glass divider between front & rear seats. Non-Division does not have glass divider between front & rear seats.] * A (following L) - Silver Seraph SWB 4-d sedan * D (following L) - Park Ward (LWB Silver Seraph sedan) ===Engine Type (Position 6-7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].<br> '81-Mid '87 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Camargue, Corniche through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17). |- | 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.<br> Mid '87-'95 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Corniche from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17), Silver Dawn '95, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '92-'95. |- | 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.<br> Flying Spur, Corniche S '95. |- | 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.<br> Silver Spirit '96, Silver Spur '96, Silver Dawn '96-'97, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '96. |- | 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.<br> Silver Spur '97-'99, Silver Spur Lauderdale Edition by Mulliner Park Ward '97, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '98, Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '97-'99, Silver Spur Division '98-'99. |- | 29 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/R.<br> Corniche '00-'02. |- | 61 || 5.4L || V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. BMW M73TUB54 V12 engine. Silver Seraph '99-'02, Park Ward '01-'02, Silver Seraph Last of Line '02. |} ===Restraint System (Position 8):=== * A = Active (Manual) seat belts * B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88) * D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93) * C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98) * E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK ===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):=== * X = LHD * H = RHD ===Positions 13–17, Serial Number=== {{BookCat}} 6qdws3tep9dsvv9874nvsk4680k9zce 4680941 4680940 2026-11-08T11:23:12Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine Type (Position 6-7): */ 4680941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ==General Template for Rolls-Royce's VIN format (1981 - 2002)== ===Rolls-Royce WMIs (Position 1-3)=== * SCA - Rolls-Royce passenger car ===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)=== * Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17), Camargue * Z - Corniche '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Silver Spirit, Silver Dawn, Silver Spur, Flying Spur, Corniche '00-'02 * L - Silver Seraph ===Model Type (Position 5)=== * D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * J (following Y) - Camargue 2-d coupe '81-'87 * A (following Z) - Silver Dawn LWB 4-d sedan * C (following Z) - Corniche S 2-d convertible '95 * D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17) * G (following Z) - Flying Spur LWB 4-d sedan '95 * K (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '00-'02 * N (following Z) - Silver Spur LWB 4-d sedan * S (following Z) - Silver Spirit SWB 4-d sedan * V (following Z) - Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '96-'99 [24-in. stretch between front & rear doors] * W (following Z) - Silver Spur Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '92-'96, '98 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors] * Y (following Z) - Silver Spur Division by Park Ward '98-'99 (& outside US: '97), Silver Spur Non-Division by Park Ward '98 [14-in. stretch between front & rear doors. Division has glass divider between front & rear seats. Non-Division does not have glass divider between front & rear seats.] * A (following L) - Silver Seraph SWB 4-d sedan * D (following L) - Park Ward (LWB Silver Seraph sedan) ===Engine Type (Position 6-7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].<br> '81-Mid '87 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Camargue, Corniche through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17). |- | 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.<br> Mid '87-'95 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Corniche from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17), Silver Dawn '95, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '92-'95. |- | 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.<br> Flying Spur, Corniche S '95. |- | 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.<br> Silver Spirit '96, Silver Spur '96, Silver Dawn '96-'97, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '96. |- | 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.<br> Silver Spur '97-'99, Silver Spur Lauderdale Edition by Mulliner Park Ward '97, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '98, Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '97-'99, Silver Spur Division '98-'99, Silver Spur Non-Division '98. |- | 29 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/R.<br> Corniche '00-'02. |- | 61 || 5.4L || V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. BMW M73TUB54 V12 engine. Silver Seraph '99-'02, Park Ward '01-'02, Silver Seraph Last of Line '02. |} ===Restraint System (Position 8):=== * A = Active (Manual) seat belts * B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88) * D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93) * C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98) * E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK ===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):=== * X = LHD * H = RHD ===Positions 13–17, Serial Number=== {{BookCat}} 00vg666hbsay0vjiqxxocev36dbon90 4680942 4680941 2026-11-08T11:23:50Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine Type (Position 6-7): */ 4680942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ==General Template for Rolls-Royce's VIN format (1981 - 2002)== ===Rolls-Royce WMIs (Position 1-3)=== * SCA - Rolls-Royce passenger car ===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)=== * Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17), Camargue * Z - Corniche '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Silver Spirit, Silver Dawn, Silver Spur, Flying Spur, Corniche '00-'02 * L - Silver Seraph ===Model Type (Position 5)=== * D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * J (following Y) - Camargue 2-d coupe '81-'87 * A (following Z) - Silver Dawn LWB 4-d sedan * C (following Z) - Corniche S 2-d convertible '95 * D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17) * G (following Z) - Flying Spur LWB 4-d sedan '95 * K (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '00-'02 * N (following Z) - Silver Spur LWB 4-d sedan * S (following Z) - Silver Spirit SWB 4-d sedan * V (following Z) - Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '96-'99 [24-in. stretch between front & rear doors] * W (following Z) - Silver Spur Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '92-'96, '98 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors] * Y (following Z) - Silver Spur Division by Park Ward '98-'99 (& outside US: '97), Silver Spur Non-Division by Park Ward '98 [14-in. stretch between front & rear doors. Division has glass divider between front & rear seats. Non-Division does not have glass divider between front & rear seats.] * A (following L) - Silver Seraph SWB 4-d sedan * D (following L) - Park Ward (LWB Silver Seraph sedan) ===Engine Type (Position 6-7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].<br> '81-Mid '87 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Camargue, Corniche through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17). |- | 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.<br> Mid '87-'95 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Corniche from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17), Silver Dawn '95, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '92-'95. |- | 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.<br> Flying Spur, Corniche S '95. |- | 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.<br> Silver Spirit '96, Silver Spur '96, Silver Dawn '96-'97, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '96. |- | 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.<br> Silver Spur '97-'99, Silver Spur Lauderdale Edition by Mulliner Park Ward '97, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '98,<br> Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '97-'99, Silver Spur Division '98-'99, Silver Spur Non-Division '98. |- | 29 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/R.<br> Corniche '00-'02. |- | 61 || 5.4L || V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. BMW M73TUB54 V12 engine. Silver Seraph '99-'02, Park Ward '01-'02, Silver Seraph Last of Line '02. |} ===Restraint System (Position 8):=== * A = Active (Manual) seat belts * B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88) * D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93) * C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98) * E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK ===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):=== * X = LHD * H = RHD ===Positions 13–17, Serial Number=== {{BookCat}} 6kanlqzuouhk1xg0k8neqk9a4g7w23z 4680943 4680942 2026-11-08T11:24:23Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine Type (Position 6-7): */ 4680943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ==General Template for Rolls-Royce's VIN format (1981 - 2002)== ===Rolls-Royce WMIs (Position 1-3)=== * SCA - Rolls-Royce passenger car ===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)=== * Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17), Camargue * Z - Corniche '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Silver Spirit, Silver Dawn, Silver Spur, Flying Spur, Corniche '00-'02 * L - Silver Seraph ===Model Type (Position 5)=== * D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * J (following Y) - Camargue 2-d coupe '81-'87 * A (following Z) - Silver Dawn LWB 4-d sedan * C (following Z) - Corniche S 2-d convertible '95 * D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17) * G (following Z) - Flying Spur LWB 4-d sedan '95 * K (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '00-'02 * N (following Z) - Silver Spur LWB 4-d sedan * S (following Z) - Silver Spirit SWB 4-d sedan * V (following Z) - Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '96-'99 [24-in. stretch between front & rear doors] * W (following Z) - Silver Spur Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '92-'96, '98 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors] * Y (following Z) - Silver Spur Division by Park Ward '98-'99 (& outside US: '97), Silver Spur Non-Division by Park Ward '98 [14-in. stretch between front & rear doors. Division has glass divider between front & rear seats. Non-Division does not have glass divider between front & rear seats.] * A (following L) - Silver Seraph SWB 4-d sedan * D (following L) - Park Ward (LWB Silver Seraph sedan) ===Engine Type (Position 6-7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].<br> '81-Mid '87 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Camargue, Corniche through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17). |- | 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.<br> Mid '87-'95 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Corniche from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17), Silver Dawn '95,<br> Silver Spur Touring Limousine '92-'95. |- | 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.<br> Flying Spur, Corniche S '95. |- | 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.<br> Silver Spirit '96, Silver Spur '96, Silver Dawn '96-'97, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '96. |- | 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.<br> Silver Spur '97-'99, Silver Spur Lauderdale Edition by Mulliner Park Ward '97, Silver Spur Touring Limousine '98,<br> Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '97-'99, Silver Spur Division '98-'99, Silver Spur Non-Division '98. |- | 29 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/R.<br> Corniche '00-'02. |- | 61 || 5.4L || V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. BMW M73TUB54 V12 engine. Silver Seraph '99-'02, Park Ward '01-'02, Silver Seraph Last of Line '02. |} ===Restraint System (Position 8):=== * A = Active (Manual) seat belts * B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88) * D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93) * C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98) * E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK ===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):=== * X = LHD * H = RHD ===Positions 13–17, Serial Number=== {{BookCat}} al1x82abekmwkqeh6tnghjgpnyvxlu8 2 486931 4680928 4680340 2026-11-08T10:32:17Z Rajiv129 3629124 first draft 4680928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft article|date=November 2026}} {{Short description|One-bit differential analog-to-digital conversion technique}} ''Delta modulation'' (DM or ''Δ-modulation'') is a simple form of [[analog-to-digital converter|analog-to-digital]] and [[digital-to-analog converter|digital-to-analog]] signal conversion in which the ''analog'' signal is represented by a sequence of [[digital]] bits. These bits represent the decision of whether to raise or to lower a locally generated ''staircase approximation'' of the signal at the next sampling instance. Delta modulation is the simplest form of [[differential pulse-code modulation]] (DPCM), which occurs when the number of levels of the quantizer is 2, and the predictor is a single unit delay. The technique was discovered by F. de Jager of [[Philips Research]] in 1952. As only one bit is transmitted per sample, delta modulation requires no multi-bit [[analog-to-digital converter]] and no word [[Frame synchronization|synchronisation]], and is simple in hardware. Its price is that the sampling rate must be much higher than the [[Nyquist rate]] and the fixed step size introduces two specific types of distortion, [[#Slope overload distortion|slope overload distortion]] and [[#Granular noise|granular noise]]. [[#Adaptive delta modulation|Adaptive delta modulation]] reduces this trade-off by changing the step size. == Definition and basic concept == In [[pulse-code modulation]] (PCM), each message signal sample is quantized to one of 2^{n} levels and then transmitted as an ''n''-bit word. In delta modulation the transmitter compares the current sample of the message with the ''prediction'' of the sample, which is the previous value of the staircase approximation. The signal is transmitted as to whether the value has increased or decreased, i.e., only the ''sign'' of the step change is transmitted. The receiver tracks the staircase by the addition of a fixed step, \Delta, for each piece of information received. Three features define the technique: * The bit rate is equal to the sampling frequency, Rb = fs. * Oversampling. The message is sampled at a sampling rate of fs, greater than twice its maximum message frequency fm by a large ratio, so the consecutive samples will be highly correlated, and a +/− Δ step can follow the message. * '''Integration.''' The staircase is made up of an [[integrator|accumulator (integrator)]]. Bits transmitted from this point on are related to the ''slope'' ( derivative) of the message rather than its amplitude, and the message is extracted by integrating the bits: == Working principle == It can be explained by five steps, repeated at every sampling period Ts = 1/fs. === Sampling === The analog input m(t) is sampled at instants t = nTs (n is the index of the sample) and the sample sequence m(nTs) is obtained. (In many practical analog realisations the sampling is indeed performed implicitly by clocking the comparator). === Comparison === The result is then sampled at nTs (m(nTs) ) and compared with the last output of the accumulator for this input value (hat m((n-1)Ts) ), which is the current estimate of the target signal (can be a different target than the last one). The difference is the error signal (e(nTs) ). === Quantization === The error is delivered to a two-level (one-bit) quantizer that preserves only its sign. In its simplest form, the quantizer is a comparator with a zero reference. === Encoding === The quantizer output b(n) = \pm 1 is translated into a binary digit, 1 for +\Delta and 0 for -\Delta, and transmitted. === Reconstruction === The same bit is used to accumulator and changes the estimate by +\Delta or -\Delta. At the receiver, the same accumulator creates the staircase and a low pass filter with a cutoff near f_m smoothes it out into a continuous output signal. [[File:Delta modulation working principle.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Delta modulation of a sinusoid with \Delta chosen so that no slope overload occurs. The blue curve is the input m(t); the red staircase is the approximation \hat m(t). The transmitted bits (1 = step up, 0 = step down) are shown along the bottom.]] == Block diagrams == ===== Delta modulator (transmitter) ===== The transmitter includes the sampler, the [[subtractor]] (summing junction), the comparator/ two level quantizer, the binary encoder, and the feedback path with the accumulator in it. The feedback path is : The staircase is formed at the transmitter from the transmitted bits, so the comparison is always against precisely the signal the receiver will reconstruct. [File:Delta modulator block diagram.svg|thumb|upright=2|Block diagram of a delta modulator. The accumulator output math>\hat m((n-1)Ts)/math> is subtracted from the sample math>m(nTs)/math>; the sign of the difference gives the transmitted bit math>b(n)/math>, which also drives the accumulator. === Delta demodulator (receiver) === The receiver has a decoder that transforms each received bit back into \pm\Delta, an identical accumulator to that found in the transmitter, and a low-pass reconstruction filter. The filter removes the high-frequency contents of the staircase. [[File:Delta demodulator block diagram.svg|thumb|upright=2|Block diagram of a delta demodulator: decoder, accumulator, and low-pass reconstruction filter.]] Delta modulation was first described by the British electronic engineer John M. Allen and his colleague E. F. Gary in 1955. == Mathematical analysis == Let m(t) be the message, Ts the sampling period, (t) the step size, and m(nTs) the staircase approximation after the "n"th update. ==Error signal== :e(nTs) = m(nTs) - \hat m\bigl((n-1)T_s\bigr) Where e(nTs) is the error, m(nTs) is the present input sample, and \hat m((n-1)Ts) is the last output of the accumulator. The error is taken relative to the ''previous'' staircase value, which therefore is acting as a one-sample [[prediction]] of the input (you can't use \hat m(nTs), because it's based on the bit being decided). So the error measures how far the signal has moved away from the staircase. === Quantization === := b(n) = \operatorname{sgn}\bigl(e(nTs)\bigr) = \left\{\begin{array}{ll} +1 & e(nTs) \ge 0 \\ -1 & e(nT_s) < 0 \end{cases} Since the quantizer can produce only two output levels, the output contains 1 bit of information telling us whether the staircase is below (+1) or above (1) the input. (We conventionally use e=0 to denote the +1 case.) === Reconstructed signal === :\hat m(nTs) = \hat m\bigl((n-1)Ts\bigr) + b(n)\,\Delta = \Delta\sum_{k=1}^{n} b(k) + \hat m(0) This estimate moves one step for each sample, so it's the running sum (discrete integral) of the bits scaled by \Delta. This is exactly what the accumulator does, so it's the same at the transmitter and receiver. === Step size === In order for the staircase to be able to follow a signal,, has to be scaled to the sampling frequency and maximum slope of the signal (see below). For a sinusoid, this becomes. :\Delta\ge 2\pi fmA\,Ts = \frac{2\pi fmA}{fs} Where A is the amplitude and f m the frequency of the sinusoid. For the same signal, larger f s gives smaller step, which is the sampling-frequency/step-size relation in delta modulation. . === Tracking maximum slope === Because the staircase can change in each sampling period, \Delta and its steepness can be no greater than :S{\max} = \frac{\Delta}{Ts} = \Delta f_s === Slope overload condition === Slope overload would be prevented if the course of the staircase can fall or rise as quickly as the input: :\frac{\Delta}{Ts} \ge \maxt \left|\frac{dm(t)}{dt}\right| If the input evolves at a rate faster than \Delta/Ts for a continuous duration, the error increases by approximately |m'|Ts - \Delta per sample and the staircase trails the message. Physically, the condition is just the statement that the "speed limit" of the staircase must be greater than the largest slope of the message. === Granular noise power (approximation) === When slope overload is avoided, the error between <math>m</math> and <math>\hat m</math> is bounded by about <math>\Delta</math> in magnitude. If this error is modelled as uniformly distributed over <math>(-\Delta,\Delta)</math>, its power is <math>\Delta^2/3</math>. Assuming that this noise is spread approximately uniformly over <math>0 \le f \le f_s</math> and that the output filter has cut-off <math>f_m</math>, the noise power in the output is approximately :<math>N_q \approx \frac{\Delta^2}{3}\,\frac{f_m}{f_s}</math> For a sinusoid with the smallest step that avoids overload, the signal-to-noise ratio is then approximately :<math>\mathrm{SNR} \approx \frac{3}{8\pi^2}\left(\frac{f_s}{f_m}\right)^{3}</math> so that doubling <math>f_s</math> increases the SNR by about 9 dB. This result depends on the stated modelling assumptions, and more exact analyses are given in the literature.<ref name="Abate"/><ref name="Taub"/>{{Citation needed|reason=Confirm constants against the cited textbook edition|date=November 2026}} == Types of delta modulation == === Conventional delta modulation === Conventional (also called linear or fixed-step) delta modulation uses a constant step size <math>\Delta</math>. It is simple, but the single step size must be a compromise: a large step reduces slope overload but increases granular noise, and a small step does the opposite.<ref name="Abate"/> === Adaptive delta modulation === In adaptive delta modulation (ADM) the step size <math>\Delta_n</math> varies with the input so that it is large when the signal changes rapidly and small when it changes slowly. The step size is derived from the transmitted bits, so the receiver can track it without side information.<ref name="Abate"/><ref name="Jayant1970"/> Analyses of adaptive schemes were published by Abate in 1967.<ref name="Abate"/> A widely cited scheme is Jayant's one-bit-memory algorithm, in which the step is multiplied by a factor <math>P > 1</math> when the present and previous bits are equal (the staircase is running away from the signal) and by <math>Q < 1</math> when they differ (the staircase is oscillating about the signal):<ref name="Jayant1970"/> :<math>\Delta_n = \begin{cases} P\,\Delta_{n-1}, & b(n) = b(n-1) \\ Q\,\Delta_{n-1}, & b(n) \ne b(n-1) \end{cases}</math> with <math>P=Q=1</math> giving conventional delta modulation. In practice the step is limited between a minimum and a maximum value. Continuously variable slope delta modulation (CVSD) is a related form in which the step size is adjusted smoothly.<ref name="Schindler"/>{{Citation needed|reason=Source for CVSD definition|date=November 2026}} [[File:Conventional versus adaptive delta modulation.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Conventional (grey) and adaptive (red) delta modulation applied to a steep ramp. The lower panel shows the adaptive step size growing during consecutive equal bits and shrinking when the bits alternate.]] == Distortions in delta modulation == === Slope overload distortion === Slope overload occurs when <math>\Delta/T_s < \max|dm/dt|</math>. The staircase can move at most <math>\Delta</math> per sample and cannot follow the input, so the output is a sequence of same-polarity steps (a run of identical bits) with a growing difference between the input and the output. It is a form of distortion that is correlated with the signal, and it affects mainly high-amplitude, high-frequency components. It is reduced by a larger step, a higher sampling rate, or adaptation.<ref name="Haykin"/><ref name="Abate"/> [[File:Slope overload distortion in delta modulation.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Slope overload. The staircase has maximum slope <math>\Delta/T_s</math>, smaller than the maximum slope of the input, so it lags behind; the shaded areas show the accumulated error.]] === Granular noise === Granular noise occurs when the input varies slowly (or is constant). The staircase cannot remain at the input value and alternates around it, producing bits that alternate between 1 and 0 and an error of the order of <math>\Delta</math>. It is a noise-like distortion that is present even for a constant input, and it is reduced by a smaller step.<ref name="Haykin"/><ref name="Abate"/> [[File:Granular noise in delta modulation.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Granular noise. For a slowly varying input the staircase alternates between two levels separated by <math>\Delta</math>.]] === Comparison of the two distortions === {| class="wikitable" |+ Slope overload distortion and granular noise ! Property!! Slope overload distortion!! Granular noise |- ! Cause Step size too small for the input slope: \Delta/T_s < \max|dm/dt| || Step size too big for slowchanging input: staircase alternates about the signal |- ! Standard signal condition | Rapid input change (large amplitude and/or frequency) || Slowly-changing or constant input |} |- ! Bit pattern | Continuous repeat sequences of the same bit || Alternate binary values (1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0) | |- ! Error behaviour | Error increases as time as well as on overload, proportional to the signal || Error bounded in size by around \Delta, noise-like |- ! Effect of increasing \Delta | Reduces || Increases |- ! Effect of increasing f_s | Reduces (permissible \Delta/T_s) || Reduces in-band noise for the same \Delta (noise is spread out more over the spectrum) || |- ! Mitigation | Larger step, higherf_s, adaptive step size || Smaller step, adaptive step size, output low-pass filter |} == Pros and Cons == '''Advantages''' * One bit per sample; no multi-bit analog-to-digital converter; no word framing needed. * Simple transmitter, and receiver is an accumulator, filter. * Single bits contribute equally, and a single bit error alone produces an error of only ±2Δ at the output (before the output is smoothed by the filter) – as opposed to an error of a most significant bit in a PCM word (see below). * Sampling rate can be adjusted to trade quality against bit rate. '''Disadvantages''' * The sampling rate has to be substantially higher than the Nyquist rate, so the bit rate and bandwidth might be greater than the PCM of equivalent quality at high signal quality. * Step size of fixed value causes Slope overload and granular noise. * Bit errors will cause the output to stay erroneous for a period of time, as the received bits are stored in the receiver's integrator (the effect is mitigated by use of a leaky integrator). * The low frequency and DC content is only transmitted through the integration of the bit stream and so a mismatch initially or channel errors will cause a long-lasting offset == Applications == Delta modulation and adaptive delta modulation have primarily been utilized for low-complexity speech coding where a simple implementation and robust to bit errors are valued. Examples are: * Telephony and secure voice links using CVSD at tens of kilobits per second.{{Citation needed|date=November 2026}} * Short range wireless voice links (CVSD shall be one of the specified voice codecs).{{Citation needed|date=November 2026}} * Affordable audio sample playback hardware, such as the delta modulation channel of some home-computer and video game sound chips. * For [[delta-sigma modulation]], for which the integrator is relocated to the forward path to make the output bit stream correspond to the signal level (not level change); this principle is the theoretical foundation of many oversampling converters.Philips2006 == Comparison with other techniques == The tables below are based on qualitative comparisons only. Actual values will be subject to the signal, the sampling rate, and the system design. === Delta modulation and PCM === {| class="wikitable" |+ Delta modulation compared with PCM ! Parameter!! Delta modulation!! PCM |- ! Simple in principle | Transmits the sign of the difference between the input and the staircase estimate || Transmits a quantized value of each sample. |- ! Bits/sample | 1 || ''n'' (in example 8 in Telephony)|| |- ! Quantization levels | 2 (of the difference signal) |2^n (of the signal) | |- ! Sampling frequency | Decreases much faster than the Nyquist rate || At or slightly above the Nyquist rate |- ! Bit rate | fs || n fs |- ! Bandwidth Number of bits per sample || Set by the bit rate; could be greater than or less than PCM depending on fs and "n" || Set by the bit rate n fs |- ! Complexity | Low || Higher (multi-bit converter, framing) |- ! Signal reconstruction | Accumulator and low-pass filter || Digital-to-analog converter and low-pass filter |- ! Quantization errors | Granular noise and slope overload || Quantization noise (and overload if the range of amplitudes is exceeded) |- ! Effect of bit errors | Equal-weight bits; errors are integrated through the integrator || Variable depending on the order of the bit in the word |- ! Common usages | Low-complexity speech coding | General purpose digitisation, telephony, audio | |} === Delta modulation and DPCM === {| class="wikitable" |+ Delta modulation compared with DPCM ! Parameter!! Delta modulation!! DPCM |- ! Basic principle | Represents the difference between the sample and the previous estimate || Represents the difference between the sample and a prediction based on the previous one or more samples |- ! Relationship | Special case of DPCM (1-bit quantizer, 1st-order predictor) || General scheme |- ! Bits per sample | 1 || Usually 2 or more, selected by the designer |- ! Quantization levels | 2 || 2 𝑛 levels of the prediction error |- ! Predictor | Unit delay (integrator) || Unit delay or a higher order linear predictor | |- ! Sampling rate | Much higher than Nyquist || Usually near Nyquist, but may be somewhat higher |- ! Complexity | Lowest || Higher |- ! Quantization errors | For the granular noise and overload, if the prediction error is larger than the range of the quantizer Granular noise, and Slope overload, || |} === Conventional and adaptive delta modulation === {| class="wikitable" |+ Conventional DM compared with adaptive DM ! Parameter!! Conventional DM!! Adaptive DM |- ! Step size | Fixed || Varies with the input, according to bits processed so far. |- ! Slope overload | Happens when \Delta/T_s is less than the input slope || Ramped down, as the step increases during runs of equal bits|| |- ! Granular noise {| Fixed by < math> \Delta || Comes out smaller for slowly varying input, because the step gets smaller } |- ! Dynamic range | Limited || Larger |- ! Complexity | Lowest || Higher (adaptation logic) |- ! Bit rate | /math> /math> (in each scheme that backsteps a step without any additional bits) |- ! Behaviour with bit errors | Integrator sums errors || Also can break step-size tracking; leakage is sometimes used |} == Practical numerical example == Let\Delta = 1 and \hat m(0) = 0. The input samples: 1.2, 1.9, 2.4, 2.1, 1.3, 0.6, 0.3 and 0.8. For each sample, e = m - \hat m{\text{prev}}, b = +1 if e \ge 0 and -1 otherwise, and \hat m{\text{new}} = \hat m_{\text{prev}} + b\Delta. {| class="wikitable" Sample number ''n'' Math: m(nT s)!! Previously reconstructed value!! Error e!! Output bits (b)!! New reconstructed value |- |- || 1.2 || 0 || +1.2 || 1 (+1) || 1 |- | 2 || 1.9 || 1 || +0.9 || 1 (+1) || 2 || |- | 3 || 2.4 || 2 || +0.4 || 1 (+1) || 3 |- | 4 || 2.1 || 3 || 0.9 || 0 (1) || 2 |- | 5 || 1.3 || 2 || 0.7 || 0(1) || 1 |- 6 || 0.6 || 1 || 0.4 || 0 (1) || 0 |- 7 || 0.3 || 0 || +0.3 || 1 (+1) || 1 |- 8 || 0.8 || 1 || 0.2 || 0 (1) || 0 |} The transmitted bits are 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 and the staircase presents 1 2 3 2 1 0 1 0. The sum version gives the same result: 6 (6−0.6+0.4+1−1−1+1−0.4) = 0. The staircase goes over at sample 3 (3 against 2.4) and under at sample 6 (0 against 0.6). These are granular error, limited by about Δ. Same context, "slope overload." For =1 and the samples 2, 4, 6, 8 (a slope of 2 per sample, more than / per sample), the bits are 1 1 1 1, the staircase is 1 2 3 4, and the error after each step increases 1 2 3 4. The staircase never catches up. "Step size for a sinusoid." If A = 1\ \text{V}, fm = 1\ \text{kHz} and fs = 32\ \text{kHz}, then there is no overload condition \Delta \ge 2\pi fm A/fs = 2\pi(1000)(1)/32000 \approx 0.196\ \text{V}. == Conclusion == Delta modulation encodes a signal as a 1-bit per sample sequence by comparing each sample with a feedback staircase estimate. Advantages of delta modulation are simplicity and equal-weight bits, disadvantages are oversampling and the trade-off of slope overload and granular noise which are set by a fixed step size. An adaptive delta modulator and the approach of integrating the 1-bit quantizer output set the limits of the 1 bit quantizer. == See also == * [[Differential pulse-code modulation]] * [[Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation]] * [[Delta-sigma modulation]] * [[Pulse-code modulation]] * [[Quantization (signal processing)]] * [[Sampling (signal processing)]] == References == {{Reflist|refs= {{cite journal |last=de Jager |first=F. |title=Delta modulation, a method of PCM transmission using the 1-unit code |journal=Philips Research Reports |year=1952 |volume=7 |pages=442-466}} {{cite journal |last=Abate |first=J. E. |title=Linear and adaptive delta modulation |journal=Proceedings of the IEEE |year=1967 |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=298-308 |doi=10.1109/PROC.1967.5486}} Jayant1970 {{cite journal |last=Jayant |first=N. S. |title=Adaptive delta modulation with a one-bit memory |journal=Bell System Technical Journal |year=1970 |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=321-342 |doi=10.1002/j.1538-7305.1970.tb01774.x}} {{cite journal |last=Schindler |first=H. R. |title=Delta modulation |journal=IEEE Spectrum |date=October 1970 |volume=7 |issue=10 |pages=69-78}} {{cite book |last=Haykin |first=Simon |title=Communication Systems |publisher=Wiley |edition=}} B. P. Lathi, Zhi Ding, "Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems", Oxford University Press, {{cite book |last1=Taub |first1=Herbert |last2=Schilling |first2=Donald L. |title=Principles of Communication Systems |publisher=McGraw-Hill |edition=}} {{cite book |last1=Jayant |first1=N. S. |last2=Noll |first2=P. |title=Digital Coding of Waveforms: Principles and Applications to Speech and Video |publisher=Prentice-Hall |year=1984}} {{cite book |last1=Philips |first1=Kathleen |last2=van Roermund |first2=Arthur H. M. |title=ΣΔ A/D Conversion for Signal Conditioning |publisher=Springer |year=2006}} }} [[Category:Digital signal processing]] [[Category:Data compression]] [[Category:Modulation]] [[Category:Telecommunications engineering]] b4b9spg10mgyddp2koghh5rep55mbjb 0 486950 4680804 4680584 2026-11-08T01:00:44Z JackBot 396820 Formatting, [[Special:UncategorizedPages]] 4680804 wikitext text/x-wiki The zeros of analytic continuation of operator are the values of complex variable for non-trivial kernel with an eigenvalues or determinant equal zero: <math>L_s(u)=s^{-\theta}L(s^\theta u)=-(\partial_\theta+\ln(s))^2(u)=(\partial_\theta+ln(s))(\partial_\theta+ln(1/s))^*(u).</math> The response operator is the Schur complement of the continuation and the eigenvalues of monodromy around the origin singularity are the zeros of <math>\det(\Lambda_s)=0.</math> For the discrete model, the operators are of the form: <math>L_s=\begin{pmatrix}2&-s&-1/s\\-1/s&2&-s\\-s&-1/s& 2\end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix}1&-s&0\\0&1&-s\\-s&0& 1\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1&0&-1/s\\-1/s&1&0\\0&-1/s& 1\end{pmatrix}.</math> The zeta zeros lie on a circle centered at the origin, they're roots of unity and eigenvalues of the rotation shift... The network could be averaged radially preserving the determinant and the duality for positive weights: <math>\det\begin{pmatrix}c+a&-as&-c/s\\-a/s&a+b&-bs\\-cs&-b/s&b+c\end{pmatrix}=\det\begin{pmatrix}2d&-ds&-d/s\\-d/s&2d&-ds\\-ds&-d/s&2d\end{pmatrix}.</math> It also works for non-commutative block matrices describing Spiderwebs with their duals... For s=1, the response could be a square root of the positive definite operator with totally positive properties: <math>\Lambda_1=\sqrt{\begin{pmatrix}2&-1&-1\\-1&2&-1\\-1&-1&2\end{pmatrix}}.</math> The conductivities/weights on the square root network are trigonometric cotangents with symmetric polynomials of squares being binomial coefficients over N. The cotangent is related to the zeta-function values at integers through the power expansion at the origin... <math>\Lambda_1=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}L_1=\cot(\pi/3)L_1=\sqrt{L_1}</math> for the smallest web... For the pentagon and 5 by 5 circulant matrix L_1=[2 -1 0 0 -1], <math>\Lambda_1=\cot(2\pi/5)L_1+\frac{1}{\cot(\pi/5)I}=\sqrt{L_1}</math> and so on for continued fraction response... <math>\sin(5x)=5\cos^4(x)\sin(x)-10\cos^2(x)\sin^3(x)+\sin^5(x)=\Im(exp(5xi)),</math> therefore <math>5\cot^4(x)-10\cot^2(x)+1=0,x=\pi/5,2\pi/5</math> and the symmetric polynomials of cotangents squared are binomial coefficients over 5: 1/5 and 2... {{BookCat}} lmgaoylbdo40krxrga1cvcbbpo80rn8 0 486955 4680840 4680574 2026-11-08T04:12:33Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 4680840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ==General Template for Bentley's VIN format <br> (All models: 1981 - 2003 plus Arnage '04-'09, Azure '06-'10, Brooklands coupe '09-'10)== ===Bentley WMIs (Position 1-3)=== * SCB - Bentley passenger car ===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)=== * Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * Z - Corniche '82-'84 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Continental convertible '85-'95, Mulsanne '81-'87, Mulsanne S '88-'92, Eight '87-'92,<br> Brooklands/Brooklands R sedan '93-'98, Turbo R/Turbo RT '89-'98, Continental R/Continental SC/Continental T coupe, Azure convertible '96-'03 * L - Arnage '99-'09 * C - Brooklands coupe '09 * D - Azure convertible '06-'10 ===Model Type (Position 5)=== * D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * B (following Z) - Continental R coupe * C (following Z) - Continental Turbo 2-d convertible '95 * D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'84 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Continental convertible '85-'95 * E (following Z) - Eight, Brooklands, Brooklands R SWB 4-d sedan ' * F (following Z) - Brooklands, Brooklands R LWB 4-d sedan * K (following Z) - Azure 2-d convertible '06-'10 * N (following Z) - Mulsanne, Mulsanne S LWB 4-d sedan * S (following Z) - Mulsanne, Mulsanne S SWB 4-d sedan * P (following Z) - Turbo RL '92-'97, Turbo RT '98-'99 LWB 4-d sedan * R (following Z) - Turbo R '89-'97 4-d sedan * U (following Z) - Continental T coupe * Z (following Z) - Continental SC coupe * W (following Z) - Bentley Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '94 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors]. 1 built. * V (following Z) - Bentley Mulliner Limousine '99 [24-in. stretch between front & rear doors]. 1 built. * B (following L) - Arnage, Arnage Green Label SWB 4-d sedan * C (following L) - Arnage Red Label, Arnage R SWB 4-d sedan * E (following L) - Arnage LWB, Arnage RL (LWB 4-d sedan) * F (following L) - Arnage T SWB 4-d sedan * C (following C) - Brooklands coupe '09 * C (following D) - Azure convertible '06-'09, Azure T convertible '10 ===Engine Type (Position 6-7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].<br> '81-'84 Corniche, <br> '81-Mid '87 Mulsanne, Early '87 Eight, '85-Mid '87 Continental convertible through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17). |- | 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.<br> Mid '87-'95 Continental convertible, Mid '87 Mulsanne, Mid '87-'92 Eight from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17),<br> '88-'92 Mulsanne S, '93-'95 Brooklands sedan, Touring Limousine '94. |- | 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.<br> Turbo R '89-'95, Turbo RL '92-'95, Continental Turbo convertible '95, Continental R coupe '93-'95. |- | 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.<br> Brooklands sedan '96. |- | 14 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T.<br> Turbo R '96-'97, Turbo RL '96-'97, Turbo R SE '96, Continental R '96-'00, Azure '96-'00 |- | 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.<br> Brooklands sedan '97, Brooklands R sedan '98-'99, Mulliner Limousine '99. |- | 22 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/S. 400 hp.<br> Continental T '97, Continental SC '99-'00, Turbo RT '98-'99 |- | 22 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2W. 420 hp.<br> Continental R Millennium Edition '00 |- | 25 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2W. 420 hp.<br> Continental T '98-'99, '01-'02, Continental R Symbolic DLE by Mulliner '98, Continental R Mulliner '99-'00, '02, Continental R 420 '01, Turbo RT Mulliner '98-'99 |- | 29 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/R.<br> Corniche ('00-'02). |- | 51 || 4.4L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. BMW M62B44 V8 engine. Arnage '99, Arnage Green Label '00. |- | 31 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2Y. 400 hp.<br> Arnage Red Label '00-'02. |- | 37 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. 400 hp.<br> Arnage R '02, Arnage RL '02. |} DLE=Dealer Limited Edition ===Restraint System (Position 8):=== * A = Active (Manual) seat belts * B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88-'89) * D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93) * C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98) * E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK ===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):=== * X = LHD * H = RHD ===Positions 13–17, Serial Number=== {{BookCat}} qiot3939y4hou9rjjky3eql0ojfagon 4680892 4680840 2026-11-08T07:22:04Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine Type (Position 6-7): */ 4680892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ==General Template for Bentley's VIN format <br> (All models: 1981 - 2003 plus Arnage '04-'09, Azure '06-'10, Brooklands coupe '09-'10)== ===Bentley WMIs (Position 1-3)=== * SCB - Bentley passenger car ===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)=== * Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * Z - Corniche '82-'84 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Continental convertible '85-'95, Mulsanne '81-'87, Mulsanne S '88-'92, Eight '87-'92,<br> Brooklands/Brooklands R sedan '93-'98, Turbo R/Turbo RT '89-'98, Continental R/Continental SC/Continental T coupe, Azure convertible '96-'03 * L - Arnage '99-'09 * C - Brooklands coupe '09 * D - Azure convertible '06-'10 ===Model Type (Position 5)=== * D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * B (following Z) - Continental R coupe * C (following Z) - Continental Turbo 2-d convertible '95 * D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'84 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Continental convertible '85-'95 * E (following Z) - Eight, Brooklands, Brooklands R SWB 4-d sedan ' * F (following Z) - Brooklands, Brooklands R LWB 4-d sedan * K (following Z) - Azure 2-d convertible '06-'10 * N (following Z) - Mulsanne, Mulsanne S LWB 4-d sedan * S (following Z) - Mulsanne, Mulsanne S SWB 4-d sedan * P (following Z) - Turbo RL '92-'97, Turbo RT '98-'99 LWB 4-d sedan * R (following Z) - Turbo R '89-'97 4-d sedan * U (following Z) - Continental T coupe * Z (following Z) - Continental SC coupe * W (following Z) - Bentley Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '94 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors]. 1 built. * V (following Z) - Bentley Mulliner Limousine '99 [24-in. stretch between front & rear doors]. 1 built. * B (following L) - Arnage, Arnage Green Label SWB 4-d sedan * C (following L) - Arnage Red Label, Arnage R SWB 4-d sedan * E (following L) - Arnage LWB, Arnage RL (LWB 4-d sedan) * F (following L) - Arnage T SWB 4-d sedan * C (following C) - Brooklands coupe '09 * C (following D) - Azure convertible '06-'09, Azure T convertible '10 ===Engine Type (Position 6-7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].<br> '81-'84 Corniche, <br> '81-Mid '87 Mulsanne, Early '87 Eight, '85-Mid '87 Continental convertible through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17). |- | 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.<br> Mid '87-'95 Continental convertible, Mid '87 Mulsanne, Mid '87-'92 Eight from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17),<br> '88-'92 Mulsanne S, '93-'95 Brooklands sedan, Touring Limousine '94. |- | 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.<br> Turbo R '89-'95, Turbo RL '92-'95, Continental Turbo convertible '95, Continental R coupe '93-'95. |- | 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.<br> Brooklands sedan '96. |- | 14 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T.<br> Turbo R '96-'97, Turbo RL '96-'97, Turbo R SE '96, Continental R '96-'00, Azure '96-'00 |- | 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.<br> Brooklands sedan '97, Brooklands R sedan '98-'99, Mulliner Limousine '99. |- | 22 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/S. 400 hp.<br> Continental T '97, Continental SC '99-'00, Turbo RT '98-'99 |- | 22 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2W. 420 hp.<br> Continental R Millennium Edition '00 |- | 25 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2W. 420 hp.<br> Continental T '98-'99, '01-'02, Continental R Symbolic DLE by Mulliner '98, Continental R Mulliner '99-'00, '02, Continental R 420 '01, Turbo RT Mulliner '98-'99 |- | 29 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/R.<br> Corniche ('00-'02). |- | 51 || 4.4L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. BMW M62B44 V8 engine. Arnage '99, Arnage Green Label '00. |- | 31 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2Y. 400 hp.<br> Arnage Red Label '00-'02. |- | 37 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT22. 400 hp.<br> Arnage R '02, Arnage RL '02. |- | 34 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. 450 hp.<br> Arnage T '02-'0. |} DLE=Dealer Limited Edition ===Restraint System (Position 8):=== * A = Active (Manual) seat belts * B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88-'89) * D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93) * C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98) * E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK ===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):=== * X = LHD * H = RHD ===Positions 13–17, Serial Number=== {{BookCat}} p0cst4i8d3ebzf9nso2vc8dia3y87ny 4680934 4680892 2026-11-08T11:06:41Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 4680934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ==General Template for Bentley's VIN format <br> (All models: 1981 - 2003 plus Arnage '04-'09, Azure '06-'10, Brooklands coupe '09-'10)== ===Bentley WMIs (Position 1-3)=== * SCB - Bentley passenger car ===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)=== * Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * Z - Corniche '82-'84 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Continental convertible '85-'95, Mulsanne '81-'87, Mulsanne S '88-'92, Eight '87-'92,<br> Brooklands/Brooklands R sedan '93-'98, Turbo R/Turbo RT '89-'98, Continental R/Continental SC/Continental T coupe, Azure convertible '96-'03 * L - Arnage '99-'09 * C - Brooklands coupe '09 * D - Azure convertible '06-'10 ===Model Type (Position 5)=== * D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * B (following Z) - Continental R coupe * C (following Z) - Continental Turbo 2-d convertible '95 * D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'84 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Continental convertible '85-'95 * E (following Z) - Eight, Brooklands, Brooklands R SWB 4-d sedan ' * F (following Z) - Brooklands, Brooklands R LWB 4-d sedan * K (following Z) - Azure 2-d convertible '06-'10 * N (following Z) - Mulsanne, Mulsanne S LWB 4-d sedan * S (following Z) - Mulsanne, Mulsanne S SWB 4-d sedan * P (following Z) - Turbo RL '92-'97, Turbo RT '98-'99 LWB 4-d sedan * R (following Z) - Turbo R '89-'97 4-d sedan * U (following Z) - Continental T coupe * Z (following Z) - Continental SC coupe * W (following Z) - Bentley Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '94 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors]. 1 built. * V (following Z) - Bentley Mulliner Limousine '99 [24-in. stretch between front & rear doors]. 1 built. * B (following L) - Arnage, Arnage Green Label SWB 4-d sedan * C (following L) - Arnage Red Label, Arnage R SWB 4-d sedan * E (following L) - Arnage LWB, Arnage RL (LWB 4-d sedan) * F (following L) - Arnage T SWB 4-d sedan * C (following C) - Brooklands coupe '09 * C (following D) - Azure convertible '06-'09, Azure T convertible '10 ===Engine Type (Position 6-7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].<br> '81-'84 Corniche, <br> '81-Mid '87 Mulsanne, Early '87 Eight, '85-Mid '87 Continental convertible through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17). |- | 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.<br> Mid '87-'95 Continental convertible, Mid '87 Mulsanne, Mid '87-'92 Eight from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17),<br> '88-'92 Mulsanne S, '93-'95 Brooklands sedan, Touring Limousine '94. |- | 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.<br> Turbo R '89-'95, Turbo RL '92-'95, Continental Turbo convertible '95, Continental R coupe '93-'95. |- | 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.<br> Brooklands sedan '96. |- | 14 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T.<br> Turbo R '96-'97, Turbo RL '96-'97, Turbo R SE '96, Continental R '96-'00, Azure '96-'00 |- | 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.<br> Brooklands sedan '97, Brooklands R sedan '98-'99, Mulliner Limousine '99. |- | 22 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/S. 400 hp.<br> Continental T '97, Continental SC '99-'00, Turbo RT '98-'99 |- | 22 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2W. 420 hp.<br> Continental R Millennium Edition '00 |- | 25 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2W. 420 hp.<br> Continental T '98-'99, '01-'02, Continental R Symbolic Motor Car DLE by Mulliner '98, Continental R Mulliner '99-'00, '02, Continental R 420 '01, Turbo RT Mulliner '98-'99 |- | 51 || 4.4L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. BMW M62B44 V8 engine. Arnage '99, Arnage Green Label '00. |- | 31 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Garrett T4 turbo. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2Y. 400 hp.<br> Arnage Red Label '00-'02, Arnage Red Label LeMans Series '01-'02, Arnage (Red Label) LWB '01-'02. |- | 37 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Garrett T3 turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT22/R. 400 hp.<br> Arnage R '02-'06, Arnage RL '03-'06. |- | 43 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Garrett T3 turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. LEV I. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT22. 400 hp.<br> Arnage R '05-'06, Arnage R Diamond Series '06, Arnage R Blue Train '06, Azure '06. |- | 34 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Garrett T3 turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT22. 450 hp.<br> Arnage T '02-'06, Arnage T-24 Mulliner '04. |- | 44 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Mitsubishi turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. 500 hp.<br> Arnage T '07-'09, Arnage T Final Series '09. |- | 47 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Mitsubishi turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. LEV II. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. 450 hp.<br> Arnage R '07-'09, Arnage R Concours Limited Edition '08, Arnage RL '07-'09, Azure '07-'09. |- | 41 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Mitsubishi turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. LEV II. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. 530 hp.<br> Brooklands coupe '09. |- | 4B || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Mitsubishi turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. 500 hp.<br> Azure T '10. |} DLE=Dealer Limited Edition ===Restraint System (Position 8):=== * A = Active (Manual) seat belts * B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88-'89) * D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93) * C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98) * E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02) * F = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags, Front & Rear Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags ('02 Arnage T, '03-) * G = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags, Front & Rear Side Airbags ('0) * H = Manual seat belts w/front & rear seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags, Front Side Airbags, Roll over protection system ('06 Azure) * L = Manual seat belts w/front & rear seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front smart airbags, Front Side Airbags, Roll over protection system ('07-'09 Azure, '10 Azure T) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK ===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):=== * X = LHD * H = RHD ===Positions 13–17, Serial Number=== {{BookCat}} g7ynlbllqgw71h9h28adpu0wqt7vsf6 4680935 4680934 2026-11-08T11:07:35Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine Type (Position 6-7): */ 4680935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ==General Template for Bentley's VIN format <br> (All models: 1981 - 2003 plus Arnage '04-'09, Azure '06-'10, Brooklands coupe '09-'10)== ===Bentley WMIs (Position 1-3)=== * SCB - Bentley passenger car ===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)=== * Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * Z - Corniche '82-'84 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Continental convertible '85-'95, Mulsanne '81-'87, Mulsanne S '88-'92, Eight '87-'92,<br> Brooklands/Brooklands R sedan '93-'98, Turbo R/Turbo RT '89-'98, Continental R/Continental SC/Continental T coupe, Azure convertible '96-'03 * L - Arnage '99-'09 * C - Brooklands coupe '09 * D - Azure convertible '06-'10 ===Model Type (Position 5)=== * D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * B (following Z) - Continental R coupe * C (following Z) - Continental Turbo 2-d convertible '95 * D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'84 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Continental convertible '85-'95 * E (following Z) - Eight, Brooklands, Brooklands R SWB 4-d sedan ' * F (following Z) - Brooklands, Brooklands R LWB 4-d sedan * K (following Z) - Azure 2-d convertible '06-'10 * N (following Z) - Mulsanne, Mulsanne S LWB 4-d sedan * S (following Z) - Mulsanne, Mulsanne S SWB 4-d sedan * P (following Z) - Turbo RL '92-'97, Turbo RT '98-'99 LWB 4-d sedan * R (following Z) - Turbo R '89-'97 4-d sedan * U (following Z) - Continental T coupe * Z (following Z) - Continental SC coupe * W (following Z) - Bentley Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '94 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors]. 1 built. * V (following Z) - Bentley Mulliner Limousine '99 [24-in. stretch between front & rear doors]. 1 built. * B (following L) - Arnage, Arnage Green Label SWB 4-d sedan * C (following L) - Arnage Red Label, Arnage R SWB 4-d sedan * E (following L) - Arnage LWB, Arnage RL (LWB 4-d sedan) * F (following L) - Arnage T SWB 4-d sedan * C (following C) - Brooklands coupe '09 * C (following D) - Azure convertible '06-'09, Azure T convertible '10 ===Engine Type (Position 6-7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].<br> '81-'84 Corniche, <br> '81-Mid '87 Mulsanne, Early '87 Eight, '85-Mid '87 Continental convertible through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17). |- | 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.<br> Mid '87-'95 Continental convertible, Mid '87 Mulsanne, Mid '87-'92 Eight from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17),<br> '88-'92 Mulsanne S, '93-'95 Brooklands sedan, Touring Limousine '94. |- | 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.<br> Turbo R '89-'95, Turbo RL '92-'95, Continental Turbo convertible '95, Continental R coupe '93-'95. |- | 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.<br> Brooklands sedan '96. |- | 14 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T.<br> Turbo R '96-'97, Turbo RL '96-'97, Turbo R SE '96, Continental R '96-'00, Azure '96-'00 |- | 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.<br> Brooklands sedan '97, Brooklands R sedan '98-'99, Mulliner Limousine '99. |- | 22 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/S. 400 hp.<br> Continental T '97, Continental SC '99-'00, Turbo RT '98-'99 |- | 22 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2W. 420 hp.<br> Continental R Millennium Edition '00 |- | 25 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2W. 420 hp.<br> Continental T '98-'99, '01-'02, Continental R Symbolic Motor Car DLE by Mulliner '98,<br> Continental R Mulliner '99-'00, '02, Continental R 420 '01, Turbo RT Mulliner '98-'99 |- | 51 || 4.4L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. BMW M62B44 V8 engine. Arnage '99, Arnage Green Label '00. |- | 31 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Garrett T4 turbo. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2Y. 400 hp.<br> Arnage Red Label '00-'02, Arnage Red Label LeMans Series '01-'02, Arnage (Red Label) LWB '01-'02. |- | 37 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Garrett T3 turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT22/R. 400 hp.<br> Arnage R '02-'06, Arnage RL '03-'06. |- | 43 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Garrett T3 turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. LEV I. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT22. 400 hp.<br> Arnage R '05-'06, Arnage R Diamond Series '06, Arnage R Blue Train '06, Azure '06. |- | 34 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Garrett T3 turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT22. 450 hp.<br> Arnage T '02-'06, Arnage T-24 Mulliner '04. |- | 44 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Mitsubishi turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. 500 hp.<br> Arnage T '07-'09, Arnage T Final Series '09. |- | 47 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Mitsubishi turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. LEV II. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. 450 hp.<br> Arnage R '07-'09, Arnage R Concours Limited Edition '08, Arnage RL '07-'09, Azure '07-'09. |- | 41 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Mitsubishi turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. LEV II. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. 530 hp.<br> Brooklands coupe '09. |- | 4B || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Mitsubishi turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. 500 hp.<br> Azure T '10. |} DLE=Dealer Limited Edition ===Restraint System (Position 8):=== * A = Active (Manual) seat belts * B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88-'89) * D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93) * C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98) * E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02) * F = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags, Front & Rear Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags ('02 Arnage T, '03-) * G = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags, Front & Rear Side Airbags ('0) * H = Manual seat belts w/front & rear seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags, Front Side Airbags, Roll over protection system ('06 Azure) * L = Manual seat belts w/front & rear seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front smart airbags, Front Side Airbags, Roll over protection system ('07-'09 Azure, '10 Azure T) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK ===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):=== * X = LHD * H = RHD ===Positions 13–17, Serial Number=== {{BookCat}} 9r1hlg2muui2m7xag5fh73nrvxjsjm3 4680944 4680935 2026-11-08T11:27:02Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine Type (Position 6-7): */ 4680944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ==General Template for Bentley's VIN format <br> (All models: 1981 - 2003 plus Arnage '04-'09, Azure '06-'10, Brooklands coupe '09-'10)== ===Bentley WMIs (Position 1-3)=== * SCB - Bentley passenger car ===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)=== * Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * Z - Corniche '82-'84 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Continental convertible '85-'95, Mulsanne '81-'87, Mulsanne S '88-'92, Eight '87-'92,<br> Brooklands/Brooklands R sedan '93-'98, Turbo R/Turbo RT '89-'98, Continental R/Continental SC/Continental T coupe, Azure convertible '96-'03 * L - Arnage '99-'09 * C - Brooklands coupe '09 * D - Azure convertible '06-'10 ===Model Type (Position 5)=== * D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * B (following Z) - Continental R coupe * C (following Z) - Continental Turbo 2-d convertible '95 * D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'84 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Continental convertible '85-'95 * E (following Z) - Eight, Brooklands, Brooklands R SWB 4-d sedan ' * F (following Z) - Brooklands, Brooklands R LWB 4-d sedan * K (following Z) - Azure 2-d convertible '06-'10 * N (following Z) - Mulsanne, Mulsanne S LWB 4-d sedan * S (following Z) - Mulsanne, Mulsanne S SWB 4-d sedan * P (following Z) - Turbo RL '92-'97, Turbo RT '98-'99 LWB 4-d sedan * R (following Z) - Turbo R '89-'97 4-d sedan * U (following Z) - Continental T coupe * Z (following Z) - Continental SC coupe * W (following Z) - Bentley Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '94 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors]. 1 built. * V (following Z) - Bentley Mulliner Limousine '99 [24-in. stretch between front & rear doors]. 1 built. * B (following L) - Arnage, Arnage Green Label SWB 4-d sedan * C (following L) - Arnage Red Label, Arnage R SWB 4-d sedan * E (following L) - Arnage LWB, Arnage RL (LWB 4-d sedan) * F (following L) - Arnage T SWB 4-d sedan * C (following C) - Brooklands coupe '09 * C (following D) - Azure convertible '06-'09, Azure T convertible '10 ===Engine Type (Position 6-7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].<br> '81-'84 Corniche, <br> '81-Mid '87 Mulsanne, Early '87 Eight, '85-Mid '87 Continental convertible through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17). |- | 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.<br> Mid '87-'95 Continental convertible, Mid '87 Mulsanne, Mid '87-'92 Eight from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17),<br> '88-'92 Mulsanne S, '93-'95 Brooklands sedan, Touring Limousine '94. |- | 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.<br> Turbo R '89-'95, Turbo RL '92-'95, Continental Turbo convertible '95, Continental R coupe '93-'95. |- | 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.<br> Brooklands sedan '96. |- | 14 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T.<br> Turbo R '96-'97, Turbo RL '96-'97, Turbo R SE '96, Continental R '96-'00, Azure '96-'00 |- | 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.<br> Brooklands sedan '97, Brooklands R sedan '98-'99, Mulliner Limousine '99. |- | 22 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/S. 400 hp.<br> Continental T '97, Continental SC '99-'00, Turbo RT '98-'99 |- | 22 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2W. 420 hp.<br> Continental R Millennium Edition '00 |- | 25 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2W. 420 hp.<br> Continental T '98-'99, '01-'02, Continental R Symbolic Motor Car DLE by Mulliner '98,<br> Continental R Mulliner '99-'00, '02, Continental R 420 '01, Turbo RT Mulliner '98-'99 |- | 51 || 4.4L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. BMW M62B44 V8 engine. Arnage '99, Arnage Green Label '00. |- | 31 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Garrett T4 turbo. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2Y.<br> 400 hp. Arnage Red Label '00-'02, Arnage Red Label LeMans Series '01-'02, Arnage (Red Label) LWB '01-'02. |- | 37 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Garrett T3 turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT22/R. 400 hp.<br> Arnage R '02-'06, Arnage RL '03-'06. |- | 43 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Garrett T3 turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. LEV I. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT22. 400 hp.<br> Arnage R '05-'06, Arnage R Diamond Series '06, Arnage R Blue Train '06, Azure '06. |- | 34 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Garrett T3 turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT22.<br> 450 hp. Arnage T '02-'06, Arnage T-24 Mulliner '04. |- | 44 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Mitsubishi turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. 500 hp.<br> Arnage T '07-'09, Arnage T Final Series '09. |- | 47 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Mitsubishi turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. LEV II. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. 450 hp.<br> Arnage R '07-'09, Arnage R Concours Limited Edition '08, Arnage RL '07-'09, Azure '07-'09. |- | 41 || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Mitsubishi turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. LEV II. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. 530 hp.<br> Brooklands coupe '09. |- | 4B || 6.8L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch ECU w/OBD-II. Mitsubishi turbos. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. 500 hp.<br> Azure T '10. |} DLE=Dealer Limited Edition ===Restraint System (Position 8):=== * A = Active (Manual) seat belts * B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88-'89) * D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93) * C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98) * E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02) * F = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags, Front & Rear Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags ('02 Arnage T, '03-) * G = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags, Front & Rear Side Airbags ('0) * H = Manual seat belts w/front & rear seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags, Front Side Airbags, Roll over protection system ('06 Azure) * L = Manual seat belts w/front & rear seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front smart airbags, Front Side Airbags, Roll over protection system ('07-'09 Azure, '10 Azure T) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK ===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):=== * X = LHD * H = RHD ===Positions 13–17, Serial Number=== {{BookCat}} jkbmfhyh1k6jdpbn2a7ehg6e30ndi4q 2 486964 4680669 4680630 2026-11-07T12:31:09Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 i written all topic content and insert images from wiki comms and added references and highlighted importent words 4680669 wikitext text/x-wiki = Purpose of Mobile Towers = Mobile Towers are a key part of modern [[Mobile communication|mobile communication networks]]. Mobile Towers provide [[Wireless communication|wireless connectivity]] between mobile devices and a telecommunications network. This can be used to make phone calls, send texts and access the internet. The main purpose of Mobile Towers is to provide '''network coverage''' and '''network capacity''' to users. The Mobile Towers help connect mobile devices to one another and to the larger telecommunications network. [[File:Cell Tower.jpg|thumb|center|A mobile telecommunications tower|300px]] == 1. Network Coverage == One of the main purposes of Mobile Towers is to provide '''coverage''' to an area. The mobile network divides the area into smaller sections known as [[Cellular network|'''cells''']]. These cells have a [[Base station|'''base station''']] to communicate with mobile devices within the area. The mobile tower is placed in a suitable location to provide wireless signals to nearby users. The towers work together to provide coverage throughout cities, towns, villages and rural areas. [[File:Network of cells.png|thumb|center|Cellular network showing multiple coverage areas|400px]] == 2. Making Phone Calls == Mobile Towers help users make and receive '''phone calls'''. When a user makes a call, the mobile phone sends [[Radio frequency|radio frequency (RF) signals]] to a nearby base station. These signals are then passed onto the mobile network, which sends the communication to the phone/telephone network of the recipient. This allows people to communicate with each other without needing physical telephone wires. == 3. Mobile Internet Services == Mobile Towers provide '''wireless connectivity''' to allow users to access the internet. Users can access websites, send emails, use apps, watch videos and share digital information. Depending on the generation of the mobile network being used, such as [[3G]], [[4G]] and [[5G]], users can transfer different amounts of data at different speeds. The Mobile Towers and base stations help provide these services. == 4. Network Capacity == Mobile Towers help manage the increasing demand for mobile communication services. If there are lots of mobile users within an area, such as cities, markets, train stations and educational institutions, there will be increased '''network traffic'''. Extra base stations or [[Small cell|'''small cells''']] can be set up to distribute network traffic and provide increased capacity. '''Network capacity''' is how much voice and data traffic can be supported on the mobile network. == 5. Emergency Communications == Mobile networks can be very useful during emergencies or natural disasters. People can use their mobile phones to contact emergency services, family members and others. Mobile Towers help with these communications by providing wireless network connections. However, this depends on factors such as power supply, network damage, congestion and backup systems. == 6. Rural and Remote Connectivity == Mobile Towers help provide telecommunications services to remote and rural areas. They support mobile connectivity, internet services, online education, digital services and other communication services. The Government of India has helped provide Mobile Towers to remote and rural areas through schemes under the [[Universal Service Obligation Fund]] (USOF). == Conclusion == Mobile Towers are a key part of modern telecommunications networks. Their main purposes are to provide network coverage, support phone calls, enable internet services, increase network capacity and provide connectivity to rural areas. Mobile Towers are an essential part of the infrastructure needed for wireless mobile connectivity. == References == * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network Cellular Network] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikimedia Commons – Free Images] * [https://dot.gov.in/ Department of Telecommunications, Government of India] 1hufx9pjti2zc09jshkcz5cdkbj5rfz 4680670 4680669 2026-11-07T12:35:39Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 /* Purpose of Mobile Towers */ 4680670 wikitext text/x-wiki = Purpose of Mobile Towers = Mobile Towers are a key part of modern [[Mobile communication|mobile communication networks]]. Mobile Towers provide [[Wireless communication|wireless connectivity]] between mobile devices and a telecommunications network. This can be used to make phone calls, send texts and access the internet. The main purpose of Mobile Towers is to provide '''network coverage''' and '''network capacity''' to users. The Mobile Towers help connect mobile devices to one another and to the larger telecommunications network. [[File:Cell Tower.jpg|thumb|center|A mobile telecommunications tower|300px]] ===insert image if any thing related to topic=== == 1. Network Coverage == One of the main purposes of Mobile Towers is to provide '''coverage''' to an area. The mobile network divides the area into smaller sections known as [[Cellular network|'''cells''']]. These cells have a [[Base station|'''base station''']] to communicate with mobile devices within the area. The mobile tower is placed in a suitable location to provide wireless signals to nearby users. The towers work together to provide coverage throughout cities, towns, villages and rural areas. [[File:Network of cells.png|thumb|center|Cellular network showing multiple coverage areas|400px]] == 2. Making Phone Calls == Mobile Towers help users make and receive '''phone calls'''. When a user makes a call, the mobile phone sends [[Radio frequency|radio frequency (RF) signals]] to a nearby base station. These signals are then passed onto the mobile network, which sends the communication to the phone/telephone network of the recipient. This allows people to communicate with each other without needing physical telephone wires. == 3. Mobile Internet Services == Mobile Towers provide '''wireless connectivity''' to allow users to access the internet. Users can access websites, send emails, use apps, watch videos and share digital information. Depending on the generation of the mobile network being used, such as [[3G]], [[4G]] and [[5G]], users can transfer different amounts of data at different speeds. The Mobile Towers and base stations help provide these services. == 4. Network Capacity == Mobile Towers help manage the increasing demand for mobile communication services. If there are lots of mobile users within an area, such as cities, markets, train stations and educational institutions, there will be increased '''network traffic'''. Extra base stations or [[Small cell|'''small cells''']] can be set up to distribute network traffic and provide increased capacity. '''Network capacity''' is how much voice and data traffic can be supported on the mobile network. == 5. Emergency Communications == Mobile networks can be very useful during emergencies or natural disasters. People can use their mobile phones to contact emergency services, family members and others. Mobile Towers help with these communications by providing wireless network connections. However, this depends on factors such as power supply, network damage, congestion and backup systems. == 6. Rural and Remote Connectivity == Mobile Towers help provide telecommunications services to remote and rural areas. They support mobile connectivity, internet services, online education, digital services and other communication services. The Government of India has helped provide Mobile Towers to remote and rural areas through schemes under the [[Universal Service Obligation Fund]] (USOF). == Conclusion == Mobile Towers are a key part of modern telecommunications networks. Their main purposes are to provide network coverage, support phone calls, enable internet services, increase network capacity and provide connectivity to rural areas. Mobile Towers are an essential part of the infrastructure needed for wireless mobile connectivity. == References == * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network Cellular Network] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikimedia Commons – Free Images] * [https://dot.gov.in/ Department of Telecommunications, Government of India] idm1khtlihkb5uq56106nkork0gyvvu 4680672 4680670 2026-11-07T12:54:49Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 i did internal changes 4680672 wikitext text/x-wiki = Purpose of Mobile Towers = Mobile Towers are a key part to mobile communication networks. Mobile Towers provide wireless connectivity between mobile devices and a telecommunications network. This can be used to make phone calls, send texts and access the internet The main purpose of Mobile Towers is to provide coverage and capacity to users. The Mobile Towers will help with connecting mobile devices to one another and to the large telecommunications network. == 1. Network Coverage == One of the main purposes of Mobile Towers is to provide coverage to an area. The mobile network will split up the area into smaller sections known as ‘cells’. These cells will have a base station to communicate with any mobile devices within the area. The mobile tower is placed in a suitable location to provide wireless signals to nearby users. The towers will work together with one another to provide coverage throughout cities, towns, villages and rural areas. == 2. Making Phone Calls == Mobile Towers help users make and receive phone calls. When they make a call the mobile phone sends radio frequency signals to a nearby base station. These signals are then passed onto the mobile network which will send the communication to the phone/telephone network of the recipient. This means people can communicate with each other without needing physical telephone wires. == 3. Mobile Internet Services == Mobile Towers provide wireless connectivity to allow users to access the internet. Users can access websites, send emails, use apps, watch videos and share digital information. Depending on what generation mobile network you use (3G, 4G & 5G) you will be able to transfer different data. The Mobile Towers and base stations help to provide these services. == 4. Capacity == Mobile Towers help with managing the increase in demand for mobile communication services. If there are lots of mobile users within an area (such as cities, markets, train stations and educational institutions) there will be increased network traffic. Extra base stations or smaller cells will be set up to spread the network traffic and provide increased capacity. This is network capacity; it is how much voice/data traffic can be supported on the mobile network. == 5. Emergency Communications == Mobile networks can be very useful when there is an emergency or natural disaster. People can use their mobile phone to contact emergency services, family members and others. Mobile Towers help with these communications by providing wireless network connections. However this will depend on factors such as power, damage to the network, congestion and backup systems. == 6. Rural & Remote Connectivity == Mobile Towers help provide telecommunications to remote and rural areas. They help with mobile connectivity, internet services, online education, digital services and other communication services. The Government have helped provide Mobile Towers to remote and rural areas using schemes within the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF). == Conclusion == Mobile Towers are a key part of modern telecommunications networks. The main purposes of Mobile Towers are to help provide network coverage, make phone calls, internet services, increased capacity and provide connectivity to rural areas. Mobile Towers are an essential part of the infrastructure needed for wireless mobile connectivity. i7s0ai7whvp6w891eaeo3jh2uwlp5ku 4680674 4680672 2026-11-07T13:08:16Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 i edited internal links 4680674 wikitext text/x-wiki = Purpose of Mobile Towers = Mobile Towers are a key part to [[Communication Networks/Cellular Networks|mobile communication networks]]. Mobile Towers provide [[Communication Networks/Wireless Internet|wireless connectivity]] between mobile devices and a telecommunications network. This can be used to make phone calls, send texts and access the internet. The main purpose of Mobile Towers is to provide '''coverage and capacity''' to users. The Mobile Towers will help with connecting mobile devices to one another and to the large telecommunications network. == 1. Network Coverage == One of the main purposes of Mobile Towers is to provide '''coverage''' to an area. The mobile network will split up the area into smaller sections known as '''cells'''. These cells will have a [[Communication Systems/Cellular Systems|base station]] to communicate with any mobile devices within the area. The mobile tower is placed in a suitable location to provide wireless signals to nearby users. The towers will work together with one another to provide coverage throughout cities, towns, villages and rural areas. == 2. Making Phone Calls == Mobile Towers help users make and receive phone calls. When they make a call the mobile phone sends '''radio frequency signals''' to a nearby base station. These signals are then passed onto the mobile network which will send the communication to the phone/telephone network of the recipient. This means people can communicate with each other without needing physical telephone wires. == 3. Mobile Internet Services == Mobile Towers provide wireless connectivity to allow users to access the [[Internet Fundamentals/Introduction|internet]]. Users can access websites, send emails, use apps, watch videos and share digital information. Depending on what generation mobile network you use (3G, 4G & 5G) you will be able to transfer different data. The Mobile Towers and base stations help to provide these services. == 4. Capacity == Mobile Towers help with managing the increase in demand for mobile communication services. If there are lots of mobile users within an area (such as cities, markets, train stations and educational institutions) there will be increased '''network traffic'''. Extra base stations or smaller cells will be set up to spread the network traffic and provide increased capacity. This is '''network capacity'''; it is how much voice/data traffic can be supported on the mobile network. == 5. Emergency Communications == Mobile networks can be very useful when there is an emergency or natural disaster. People can use their mobile phone to contact emergency services, family members and others. Mobile Towers help with these communications by providing wireless network connections. However this will depend on factors such as power, damage to the network, congestion and backup systems. == 6. Rural & Remote Connectivity == Mobile Towers help provide telecommunications to remote and rural areas. They help with mobile connectivity, internet services, online education, digital services and other communication services. The Government have helped provide Mobile Towers to remote and rural areas using schemes within the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF). == Conclusion == Mobile Towers are a key part of modern telecommunications networks. The main purposes of Mobile Towers are to help provide network coverage, make phone calls, internet services, increased capacity and provide connectivity to rural areas. Mobile Towers are an essential part of the infrastructure needed for wireless mobile connectivity. == References == <references /> * [https://www.itu.int/net4/mob/ituemf/en/emfguide_m.html ITU – Mobile Communication Guide]. * [https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Emergency-Telecommunications/Documents/2019/NETP_Global_guideline.pdf ITU – Emergency Telecommunications]. * [https://dot.gov.in/sites/default/files/Annual%20Report%202020-21%20English%20Version.pdf DoT India – Annual Report]. nuwg8spxzupr8u9jl86g0eiyscupyhf 4680906 4680674 2026-11-08T07:44:53Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 /* 2. Making Phone Calls */ 4680906 wikitext text/x-wiki = Purpose of Mobile Towers = Mobile Towers are a key part to [[Communication Networks/Cellular Networks|mobile communication networks]]. Mobile Towers provide [[Communication Networks/Wireless Internet|wireless connectivity]] between mobile devices and a telecommunications network. This can be used to make phone calls, send texts and access the internet. The main purpose of Mobile Towers is to provide '''coverage and capacity''' to users. The Mobile Towers will help with connecting mobile devices to one another and to the large telecommunications network. == 1. Network Coverage == One of the main purposes of Mobile Towers is to provide '''coverage''' to an area. The mobile network will split up the area into smaller sections known as '''cells'''. These cells will have a [[Communication Systems/Cellular Systems|base station]] to communicate with any mobile devices within the area. The mobile tower is placed in a suitable location to provide wireless signals to nearby users. The towers will work together with one another to provide coverage throughout cities, towns, villages and rural areas. == 2. Making Phone Calls == Mobile Towers help users make and receive phone calls. When they make a call the mobile phone sends '''radio frequency signals''' to a nearby base station. These signals are then passed onto the mobile network which will send the communication to the phone/telephone network of the recipient. It implies that communication among individuals does not require physical telephone wires. == 3. Mobile Internet Services == Mobile Towers provide wireless connectivity to allow users to access the [[Internet Fundamentals/Introduction|internet]]. Website, email, application, video and data sharing can be performed by the users. Depending on what generation mobile network you use (3G, 4G & 5G) you will be able to transfer different data. The Mobile Towers and base stations help to provide these services. == 4. Capacity == Mobile Towers help with managing the increase in demand for mobile communication services. If there are lots of mobile users within an area (such as cities, markets, train stations and educational institutions) there will be increased '''network traffic'''. Extra base stations or smaller cells will be set up to spread the network traffic and provide increased capacity. This is '''network capacity'''; it is how much voice/data traffic can be supported on the mobile network. == 5. Emergency Communications == Mobile networks can be very useful when there is an emergency or natural disaster. People can use their mobile phone to contact emergency services, family members and others. Mobile Towers help with these communications by providing wireless network connections. However this will depend on factors such as power, damage to the network, congestion and backup systems. == 6. Rural & Remote Connectivity == Mobile Towers help provide telecommunications to remote and rural areas. They help with mobile connectivity, internet services, online education, digital services and other communication services. The Government have helped provide Mobile Towers to remote and rural areas using schemes within the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF). == Conclusion == Mobile Towers are a key part of modern telecommunications networks. The main purposes of Mobile Towers are to help provide network coverage, make phone calls, internet services, increased capacity and provide connectivity to rural areas. Mobile Towers are an essential part of the infrastructure needed for wireless mobile connectivity. == References == <references /> * [https://www.itu.int/net4/mob/ituemf/en/emfguide_m.html ITU – Mobile Communication Guide]. * [https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Emergency-Telecommunications/Documents/2019/NETP_Global_guideline.pdf ITU – Emergency Telecommunications]. * [https://dot.gov.in/sites/default/files/Annual%20Report%202020-21%20English%20Version.pdf DoT India – Annual Report]. ir142hjg26gkbdixeivqglxgikjlrqf 2 486965 4680830 4680636 2026-11-08T02:47:18Z MathXplore 3097823 Requesting deletion ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]] v3.1d) 4680830 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{delete|1=Wrong language <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small>}}</noinclude> '''ఆకస్మిక శబ్దం''' (ఇంగ్లీష్‌లో ''Impulsive Noise'') అంటే సమాచారం ఒక చోటి నుండి మరో చోటికి వెళ్లేటప్పుడు, అకస్మాత్తుగా వచ్చి, చాలా తక్కువ సమయం మాత్రమే ఉండి, చాలా పెద్ద బలంతో సిగ్నల్‌ను పాడుచేసే అవాంఛిత సంకేతం. == ఆకస్మిక శబ్దం అంటే ఏమిటి == ఒక తరగతి గదిని ఊహించుకోండి. విద్యార్థులు నెమ్మదిగా మాట్లాడుకుంటున్న చిన్న గుసగుసలు గదిలో ఎప్పుడూ వినిపిస్తూనే ఉంటాయి. ఇది నిరంతరం ఉండే తక్కువ స్థాయి శబ్దం. దీన్ని ''గాస్సియన్ శబ్దం'' అని పోల్చవచ్చు. కానీ ఎవరో ఒక ఇనుప పళ్లెం నేలపై పడేస్తే, ఒక్క క్షణం పెద్ద శబ్దం వచ్చి వెంటనే ఆగిపోతుంది. ఆ సమయంలో టీచర్ చెప్పే మాట ఎవరికీ వినిపించదు. ఆకస్మిక శబ్దం ఇలాంటిదే. ఈ శబ్దం యొక్క ముఖ్య లక్షణాలు: * ఇది చాలా తక్కువ సమయం ఉంటుంది. * దాని బలం (amplitude) సాధారణ సిగ్నల్ కంటే చాలా ఎక్కువగా ఉంటుంది. * ఎప్పుడు వస్తుందో ముందే చెప్పలేం. కొన్నిసార్లు క్రమం తప్పకుండా కూడా రావచ్చు. okaqlr8r91kkoquaazsl3348wablobh 0 486967 4680736 4680649 2026-11-07T20:22:00Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 flag 4680736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-suspected|reason=characteristic heading and quirks, non WB formatting errors}} == Chapter 1: Why Learning Matters == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * explain why continuous learning is necessary in a changing economy; * distinguish between information and usable knowledge; * describe the relationship between knowledge and action in Islamic thought. == 1.1 Learning as a Lifelong Process == Human beings are born with very few instincts and an unusually high capacity to learn. Unlike many animals, a human infant cannot walk or feed itself and depends on others for years. This extended period of dependence allows the brain to develop language, pattern recognition, and reasoning. The capacity to learn is not automatic in its results. A child deprived of language exposure will not develop speech normally, and an adult who stops learning new skills gradually loses adaptability. In an economy where technologies and job requirements change, the person who continues learning maintains more options than the person who does not. {{TextBox|'''Key point:''' The question is not whether you will learn, but whether you will learn deliberately or by accident.}} == 1.2 Information Is Not Knowledge == Modern media exposes people to far more information than earlier generations encountered, yet access to information has not produced proportional increases in understanding. Information consists of raw facts and messages. Knowledge is information that has been processed, connected to prior understanding, and made usable for decisions and action. Consider two people who read the same manual on bicycle riding. The first memorises every sentence but never rides. The second reads once, then practises, falls, and adjusts. Only the second can actually ride. The first holds information; the second holds knowledge. == 1.3 Knowledge and Action in Islamic Thought == Islamic sources consistently link knowledge with action. The Qur'an describes those who were entrusted with scripture but failed to act upon it with the simile of a donkey carrying books (Qur'an 62:5). The Prophet Muhammad is reported to have sought refuge from knowledge that brings no benefit (Sahih Muslim). Classical scholars such as Imam al-Shafi'i were known both for learning and for acting upon it. This does not mean that every field of knowledge must have an immediate practical use. It means that beneficial knowledge is expected to shape conduct and benefit others. == 1.4 The Cost of Passive Consumption == Reading, watching, and attending lectures can create a feeling of learning without producing durable skill. Research on retrieval practice shows that passive review is one of the least effective study methods; the same principle applies to consuming educational content without applying it. == Exercises == # '''Information or knowledge?''' Choose a topic you follow online. Write three facts you know about it. Then write one thing you can *do* because of that knowledge. If you cannot, identify what practice would convert the facts into knowledge. # '''Learning audit.''' List the ways you spent time learning last week. Mark each as active (practice, testing, producing) or passive (reading, watching without notes). What proportion was active? # '''Beneficial knowledge.''' Identify one area of knowledge you believe would benefit your family or community if you learned it. Write two sentences explaining the benefit. == Review Questions == # What distinguishes knowledge from information? # Why does the Qur'anic simile of the donkey carrying books apply to learning without action? # Name one reason passive review is less effective than active testing. == Further Reading == * Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006). "Test-enhanced learning." *Psychological Science*. * Cook, B. J. (2000). *Classical Foundations of Islamic Educational Thought*. (For the knowledge–action relationship in classical scholarship.) 3z22iaa0yfzip2gu1i1c7te6bvw5jx6 4680813 4680736 2026-11-08T02:43:54Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-suspected|reason=characteristic heading and quirks, non WB formatting errors}} == Chapter 1: Why Learning Matters == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * explain why continuous learning is necessary in a changing economy; * distinguish between information and usable knowledge; * describe the relationship between knowledge and action in Islamic thought. == 1.1 Learning as a Lifelong Process == Human beings are born with very few instincts and an unusually high capacity to learn. Unlike many animals, a human infant cannot walk or feed itself and depends on others for years. This extended period of dependence allows the brain to develop language, pattern recognition, and reasoning. The capacity to learn is not automatic in its results. A child deprived of language exposure will not develop speech normally, and an adult who stops learning new skills gradually loses adaptability. In an economy where technologies and job requirements change, the person who continues learning maintains more options than the person who does not. {{TextBox|'''Key point:''' The question is not whether you will learn, but whether you will learn deliberately or by accident.}} == 1.2 Information Is Not Knowledge == Modern media exposes people to far more information than earlier generations encountered, yet access to information has not produced proportional increases in understanding. Information consists of raw facts and messages. Knowledge is information that has been processed, connected to prior understanding, and made usable for decisions and action. Consider two people who read the same manual on bicycle riding. The first memorises every sentence but never rides. The second reads once, then practises, falls, and adjusts. Only the second can actually ride. The first holds information; the second holds knowledge. == 1.3 Knowledge and Action in Islamic Thought == Islamic sources consistently link knowledge with action. The Qur'an describes those who were entrusted with scripture but failed to act upon it with the simile of a donkey carrying books (Qur'an 62:5). The Prophet Muhammad is reported to have sought refuge from knowledge that brings no benefit (Sahih Muslim). Classical scholars such as Imam al-Shafi'i were known both for learning and for acting upon it. This does not mean that every field of knowledge must have an immediate practical use. It means that beneficial knowledge is expected to shape conduct and benefit others. == 1.4 The Cost of Passive Consumption == Reading, watching, and attending lectures can create a feeling of learning without producing durable skill. Research on retrieval practice shows that passive review is one of the least effective study methods; the same principle applies to consuming educational content without applying it. == Exercises == # '''Information or knowledge?''' Choose a topic you follow online. Write three facts you know about it. Then write one thing you can *do* because of that knowledge. If you cannot, identify what practice would convert the facts into knowledge. # '''Learning audit.''' List the ways you spent time learning last week. Mark each as active (practice, testing, producing) or passive (reading, watching without notes). What proportion was active? # '''Beneficial knowledge.''' Identify one area of knowledge you believe would benefit your family or community if you learned it. Write two sentences explaining the benefit. == Review Questions == # What distinguishes knowledge from information? # Why does the Qur'anic simile of the donkey carrying books apply to learning without action? # Name one reason passive review is less effective than active testing. == Further Reading == * Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006). "Test-enhanced learning." *Psychological Science*. * Cook, B. J. (2000). *Classical Foundations of Islamic Educational Thought*. (For the knowledge–action relationship in classical scholarship.) {{BookCat}} 7zjn5z25uwrbftgqqo659vblr4rlaom 0 486968 4680737 4680650 2026-11-07T20:22:11Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 flag 4680737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-suspected|reason=characteristic heading and quirks, non WB formatting errors}} == Chapter 2: Learn How to Learn == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * describe how memory is formed and strengthened; * apply active recall and spaced repetition to a chosen subject; * design a simple weekly study system. == 2.1 A Working Model of Memory == Learning physically changes the brain by strengthening connections between neurons. A newly formed connection is weak; it strengthens through use. Memory is also reconstructive: remembering is an act of rebuilding rather than replaying a recording, which is why memories can be distorted by context and expectation. Forgetting is not a defect. The brain filters material it judges unimportant. Material becomes important through retrieval and use. This is the scientific basis for the techniques below. == 2.2 Active Recall == Active recall means retrieving information from memory without looking at the source. Examples: * closing a book and writing what you remember; * answering practice questions from memory; * using flashcards where you attempt the answer before turning the card. In a well-known experiment, students who read a passage once and then tested themselves remembered more after one week than students who read the passage repeatedly (Roediger & Karpicke, 2006). The testing group did not merely feel more confident; their measured retention was higher. == 2.3 Spaced Repetition == Spaced repetition schedules reviews at increasing intervals. A typical starting schedule is one day, three days, one week, two weeks, and one month. Because forgetting is fastest immediately after learning, early reviews are frequent and later reviews become sparse. {{TextBox|'''Combined method:''' Convert notes into questions, then schedule those questions using a spaced repetition schedule or a flashcard application.}} == 2.4 Deliberate Practice — With a Caution == Deliberate practice, as described by Ericsson and colleagues (1993), involves focused effort on specific weaknesses, immediate feedback, and repetition beyond one's comfort zone. It remains a useful model for skill training. However, later research has qualified the original claims. A meta-analysis (Macnamara, Hambrick & Oswald, 2014) found that deliberate practice explained only part of the variation in performance across fields. A replication of the original study (Macnamara & Maitra, 2019) did not reproduce the finding that accumulated practice almost perfectly predicted skill. Students should therefore treat deliberate practice as a valuable tool rather than a complete explanation of expertise. == 2.5 A Simple Study System == # '''Define the outcome.''' State what you will be able to do after learning (e.g., "solve quadratic equations of this type without notes"). # '''Gather one reliable source.''' Prefer a recognised textbook or course. # '''Convert to questions.''' After each study session, write questions that test the material. # '''Recall daily.''' Answer yesterday's questions from memory before starting new material. # '''Space the reviews.''' Re-test each set at 3 days, 1 week, and 1 month. # '''Apply.''' Use the material in a small project, problem set, or explanation to another person. # '''Review weekly.''' Note which items you consistently fail and re-study only those. == Exercises == # '''Question conversion.''' Take two pages of notes from any subject and convert them into ten questions. # '''First review cycle.''' Answer those ten questions from memory today, again in three days, and again in one week. Record your scores. # '''Practice audit.''' For a skill you are developing, write down the last three practice sessions. Were they focused on a specific weakness with feedback, or general repetition? == Review Questions == # Why is testing yourself usually more effective than re-reading? # What is the purpose of increasing the interval between reviews? # What limitation of the deliberate practice model was identified by later research? == Further Reading == * Roediger & Karpicke (2006), *Psychological Science*. * Cepeda et al. (2009), *Psychological Bulletin* (spacing effect). * Macnamara, Hambrick & Oswald (2014), *Psychological Science* (deliberate practice meta-analysis). * Ericsson, Krampe & Tesch-Römer (1993), *Psychological Review*. c0s5fyyzkkv2sxxhfxtueh4aqyicmpe 4680814 4680737 2026-11-08T02:43:57Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-suspected|reason=characteristic heading and quirks, non WB formatting errors}} == Chapter 2: Learn How to Learn == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * describe how memory is formed and strengthened; * apply active recall and spaced repetition to a chosen subject; * design a simple weekly study system. == 2.1 A Working Model of Memory == Learning physically changes the brain by strengthening connections between neurons. A newly formed connection is weak; it strengthens through use. Memory is also reconstructive: remembering is an act of rebuilding rather than replaying a recording, which is why memories can be distorted by context and expectation. Forgetting is not a defect. The brain filters material it judges unimportant. Material becomes important through retrieval and use. This is the scientific basis for the techniques below. == 2.2 Active Recall == Active recall means retrieving information from memory without looking at the source. Examples: * closing a book and writing what you remember; * answering practice questions from memory; * using flashcards where you attempt the answer before turning the card. In a well-known experiment, students who read a passage once and then tested themselves remembered more after one week than students who read the passage repeatedly (Roediger & Karpicke, 2006). The testing group did not merely feel more confident; their measured retention was higher. == 2.3 Spaced Repetition == Spaced repetition schedules reviews at increasing intervals. A typical starting schedule is one day, three days, one week, two weeks, and one month. Because forgetting is fastest immediately after learning, early reviews are frequent and later reviews become sparse. {{TextBox|'''Combined method:''' Convert notes into questions, then schedule those questions using a spaced repetition schedule or a flashcard application.}} == 2.4 Deliberate Practice — With a Caution == Deliberate practice, as described by Ericsson and colleagues (1993), involves focused effort on specific weaknesses, immediate feedback, and repetition beyond one's comfort zone. It remains a useful model for skill training. However, later research has qualified the original claims. A meta-analysis (Macnamara, Hambrick & Oswald, 2014) found that deliberate practice explained only part of the variation in performance across fields. A replication of the original study (Macnamara & Maitra, 2019) did not reproduce the finding that accumulated practice almost perfectly predicted skill. Students should therefore treat deliberate practice as a valuable tool rather than a complete explanation of expertise. == 2.5 A Simple Study System == # '''Define the outcome.''' State what you will be able to do after learning (e.g., "solve quadratic equations of this type without notes"). # '''Gather one reliable source.''' Prefer a recognised textbook or course. # '''Convert to questions.''' After each study session, write questions that test the material. # '''Recall daily.''' Answer yesterday's questions from memory before starting new material. # '''Space the reviews.''' Re-test each set at 3 days, 1 week, and 1 month. # '''Apply.''' Use the material in a small project, problem set, or explanation to another person. # '''Review weekly.''' Note which items you consistently fail and re-study only those. == Exercises == # '''Question conversion.''' Take two pages of notes from any subject and convert them into ten questions. # '''First review cycle.''' Answer those ten questions from memory today, again in three days, and again in one week. Record your scores. # '''Practice audit.''' For a skill you are developing, write down the last three practice sessions. Were they focused on a specific weakness with feedback, or general repetition? == Review Questions == # Why is testing yourself usually more effective than re-reading? # What is the purpose of increasing the interval between reviews? # What limitation of the deliberate practice model was identified by later research? == Further Reading == * Roediger & Karpicke (2006), *Psychological Science*. * Cepeda et al. (2009), *Psychological Bulletin* (spacing effect). * Macnamara, Hambrick & Oswald (2014), *Psychological Science* (deliberate practice meta-analysis). * Ericsson, Krampe & Tesch-Römer (1993), *Psychological Review*. {{BookCat}} s07tmbulb43n5c03osj3nb773cisd00 0 486969 4680815 4680651 2026-11-08T02:44:00Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680815 wikitext text/x-wiki == Chapter 3: Becoming a Self-Educated Person == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * define self-education and distinguish it from formal schooling; * evaluate the reliability of an information source; * build a personal learning plan using books, mentors, and experience. == 3.1 What Self-Education Is == Self-education means taking primary responsibility for one's own learning: identifying what must be learned, locating reliable resources, and arranging practice and feedback. It does not require rejecting formal education. The two are complementary: formal study supplies structured foundations and credentials, while self-education supplies depth, currency, and practical application. A self-educated person typically shows initiative, consults multiple sources, questions claims, applies what is learned, and continues learning beyond formal courses. == 3.2 Learning from Books == Not all books are equally reliable. Before relying on a book: * check the author's qualifications and field; * check whether the publisher or reviewers are reputable; * look for citations to primary research or primary texts; * prefer works that acknowledge counterarguments and limitations. Read actively: take notes, write questions, and summarise each chapter in your own words. Reading without retrieval produces weak retention (see Chapter 2). == 3.3 Learning from Mentors and Experts == A mentor provides something a book cannot: feedback on your specific performance. When seeking a mentor, look for relevant experience, willingness to teach, honesty about your weaknesses, and a good personal example. Prepare specific questions, respect the mentor's time, and act on the advice given. When following any expert, consider context. Advice appropriate to one market, culture, or era may not transfer directly to another. == 3.4 Information Filtering == A practical checklist for evaluating any claim: # '''Source:''' Who is making the claim, and what are their credentials? # '''Evidence:''' What evidence is offered, and is it representative? # '''Bias:''' What interests or commitments might shape the claim? # '''Consensus:''' Do other qualified people in the field agree? # '''Incentives:''' Is the source selling something or promoting a brand? # '''Falsifiability:''' What evidence would show the claim to be wrong? Be especially sceptical of promises of rapid, guaranteed wealth. Legitimate teachers describe conditions, risks, and limits. == 3.5 Learning from Experience and Failure == Experience teaches effectively only when it is reflected upon. Keep a simple journal recording what you attempted, what happened, why it may have happened, and what you will change. Seek feedback from others involved, since people often cannot see their own errors. The Prophet Muhammad is reported to have said that a believer is not stung from the same hole twice (Sahih al-Bukhari), which is commonly cited as an encouragement to learn from mistakes rather than repeat them. == 3.6 A Personal Learning Plan == # '''Goal:''' State a specific capability you want within three months. # '''Resources:''' Choose one primary book or course and one secondary source. # '''Practice:''' Schedule at least 30 minutes of active practice five days a week. # '''Feedback:''' Identify one person or method that will show you your errors. # '''Review:''' Check progress weekly and adjust. == Exercises == # '''Source audit.''' Take three sources you follow regularly and evaluate each using the checklist in 3.4. # '''Learning plan.''' Write your own plan using the six steps in 3.6. # '''Failure log.''' Record one recent mistake in the journal format above. == Review Questions == # What is the difference between formal education and self-education? # Name three indicators of a reliable source. # Why is reflection necessary for learning from experience? == Further Reading == * Newport, C. (2016). *Deep Work*. (For focused learning practice.) * Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2014). *Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Professional and Personal Life*. {{BookCat}} 6vjgyi1de8bz06ivagxkj6fejfor8ej 0 486970 4680738 4680652 2026-11-07T20:22:21Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 flag 4680738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-suspected|reason=characteristic heading and quirks, non WB formatting errors}} == Chapter 4: Choosing Your Direction == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * explain why "finding your one true passion" is an unreliable model; * evaluate a possible direction using interests, strengths, values, demand, and willingness to practise; * describe Islamic criteria for choosing a lawful and beneficial path. == 4.1 The Problem with "Following Your Passion" == A common belief is that each person has one hidden passion that, once discovered, will make work effortless and permanently satisfying. Research on career satisfaction suggests a different picture. In his study of workers in a range of fields, Cal Newport (2012) found that people who love their work tend to have first become highly skilled in it; competence often precedes and produces passion rather than the reverse. This does not mean interests are irrelevant. It means that passion is better understood as something developed through engagement and mastery than as something that must be located before any commitment is made. == 4.2 A Development Model == A practical sequence is: '''Curiosity → Exploration → Practice → Skill → Competence → Confidence → Passion.''' * '''Curiosity:''' a light interest that prompts exploration. * '''Exploration:''' reading, talking to practitioners, trying small projects. * '''Practice:''' regular, focused effort. * '''Skill and competence:''' measurable ability, developed through feedback. * '''Confidence:''' the result of demonstrated competence, not of encouragement alone. * '''Passion:''' attachment to the work that grows from competence and meaningful contribution. == 4.3 Criteria for Evaluating a Direction == # '''Interest:''' Do you find the subject engaging enough to sustain practice? # '''Aptitude:''' What do you learn more quickly than average? # '''Values:''' Does the path conflict with principles you hold? # '''Demand:''' Are there people willing to pay for this work? # '''Opportunity:''' Do you have access to the training, market, or resources required? # '''Willingness to practise:''' Are you prepared for years, not weeks, of effort? # '''Sustainability:''' Can the work be continued long-term without harm to family life or health? == 4.4 Islamic Criteria == * '''Lawfulness:''' The work must be permissible (*halal*) in itself and in its method; trade in intoxicants, gambling, and interest-based finance, for example, is excluded. * '''Benefit:''' The Prophet is reported to have said that the best people are those most beneficial to others (Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat). Benefit to family and community is a legitimate criterion. * '''Honesty and trust:''' The path should allow you to deal honestly and fulfil contracts. * '''Reliance on God with effort:''' The traditional teaching "tie your camel and trust in Allah" (Sunan al-Tirmidhi) summarises the balance of taking means and relying on God. Success is not guaranteed by effort alone. == 4.5 Common Errors == * Waiting indefinitely for a moment of certainty before choosing anything. * Choosing solely on the basis of income. * Choosing solely on the basis of enjoyment without checking demand. * Refusing to reconsider an initial choice when evidence suggests it is wrong. == Exercises == # '''Curiosity list.''' Write ten subjects or activities that interest you. Circle the three you would be willing to practise for a year. # '''Criteria table.''' Score one direction against the seven criteria in 4.3 on a scale of 1–5. # '''Values check.''' List your five most important values and note which directions would conflict with them. == Review Questions == # Why is passion often a result of competence rather than a precondition for it? # What is the Islamic criterion of lawfulness, and why does it come before considerations of income? # What does "tie your camel and trust in Allah" mean in practice? == Further Reading == * Newport, C. (2012). *So Good They Can't Ignore You*. 5bcmej46lhvzu66m621czjzp7vzhjnt 4680816 4680738 2026-11-08T02:44:04Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-suspected|reason=characteristic heading and quirks, non WB formatting errors}} == Chapter 4: Choosing Your Direction == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * explain why "finding your one true passion" is an unreliable model; * evaluate a possible direction using interests, strengths, values, demand, and willingness to practise; * describe Islamic criteria for choosing a lawful and beneficial path. == 4.1 The Problem with "Following Your Passion" == A common belief is that each person has one hidden passion that, once discovered, will make work effortless and permanently satisfying. Research on career satisfaction suggests a different picture. In his study of workers in a range of fields, Cal Newport (2012) found that people who love their work tend to have first become highly skilled in it; competence often precedes and produces passion rather than the reverse. This does not mean interests are irrelevant. It means that passion is better understood as something developed through engagement and mastery than as something that must be located before any commitment is made. == 4.2 A Development Model == A practical sequence is: '''Curiosity → Exploration → Practice → Skill → Competence → Confidence → Passion.''' * '''Curiosity:''' a light interest that prompts exploration. * '''Exploration:''' reading, talking to practitioners, trying small projects. * '''Practice:''' regular, focused effort. * '''Skill and competence:''' measurable ability, developed through feedback. * '''Confidence:''' the result of demonstrated competence, not of encouragement alone. * '''Passion:''' attachment to the work that grows from competence and meaningful contribution. == 4.3 Criteria for Evaluating a Direction == # '''Interest:''' Do you find the subject engaging enough to sustain practice? # '''Aptitude:''' What do you learn more quickly than average? # '''Values:''' Does the path conflict with principles you hold? # '''Demand:''' Are there people willing to pay for this work? # '''Opportunity:''' Do you have access to the training, market, or resources required? # '''Willingness to practise:''' Are you prepared for years, not weeks, of effort? # '''Sustainability:''' Can the work be continued long-term without harm to family life or health? == 4.4 Islamic Criteria == * '''Lawfulness:''' The work must be permissible (*halal*) in itself and in its method; trade in intoxicants, gambling, and interest-based finance, for example, is excluded. * '''Benefit:''' The Prophet is reported to have said that the best people are those most beneficial to others (Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat). Benefit to family and community is a legitimate criterion. * '''Honesty and trust:''' The path should allow you to deal honestly and fulfil contracts. * '''Reliance on God with effort:''' The traditional teaching "tie your camel and trust in Allah" (Sunan al-Tirmidhi) summarises the balance of taking means and relying on God. Success is not guaranteed by effort alone. == 4.5 Common Errors == * Waiting indefinitely for a moment of certainty before choosing anything. * Choosing solely on the basis of income. * Choosing solely on the basis of enjoyment without checking demand. * Refusing to reconsider an initial choice when evidence suggests it is wrong. == Exercises == # '''Curiosity list.''' Write ten subjects or activities that interest you. Circle the three you would be willing to practise for a year. # '''Criteria table.''' Score one direction against the seven criteria in 4.3 on a scale of 1–5. # '''Values check.''' List your five most important values and note which directions would conflict with them. == Review Questions == # Why is passion often a result of competence rather than a precondition for it? # What is the Islamic criterion of lawfulness, and why does it come before considerations of income? # What does "tie your camel and trust in Allah" mean in practice? == Further Reading == * Newport, C. (2012). *So Good They Can't Ignore You*. {{BookCat}} tag398ae6y5znircl2vvdkki37k927s 0 486971 4680739 4680653 2026-11-07T20:22:31Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 flag 4680739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-suspected|reason=characteristic heading and quirks, non WB formatting errors}} == Chapter 5: Building Valuable Skills == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * identify the difference between foundational, domain, and complementary skills; * prioritise skills according to a stated goal; * explain how combining skills increases value. == 5.1 Skills versus Credentials == A certificate confirms completion of a course; a skill is demonstrated ability. Employers and customers ultimately pay for ability. Credentials can open doors, but they do not substitute for the capacity to perform. The market rewards demonstrated skill, which is why portfolios, references, and measurable results often matter more than certificates alone. The Prophet is reported to have said, "Allah loves that when one of you does a job, he does it with excellence" (Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat), which is commonly cited as a basis for pursuing skill and quality in work. == 5.2 Foundational Skills == These are useful in almost every field: * '''Communication:''' writing clearly, speaking clearly, and listening accurately. * '''Critical thinking:''' evaluating evidence and argument (see Chapter 3). * '''Problem-solving:''' defining a problem and generating and testing solutions. * '''Relationship-building:''' earning trust and cooperating with others. These should be developed first because they make every other skill more effective. == 5.3 Domain Skills == These are specific to a field: accounting, programming, carpentry, medicine, plumbing, and so on. They are developed through structured training and deliberate practice (Chapter 2). == 5.4 Complementary Skills == A person with one skill is employable; a person with a well-chosen combination is often more valuable. Examples: * writing + research + a subject specialty → analysis and reporting; * communication + sales + marketing + a product field → commercial capability; * technical skill + problem-solving + communication → product development. == 5.5 A Skill Stack == # '''Foundation layer:''' communication, critical thinking. # '''Domain layer:''' the specific skill of your chosen field. # '''Complementary layer:''' one or two adjacent skills (e.g., sales, data literacy). # '''Meta layer:''' learning how to learn, financial literacy, decision-making. == 5.6 Prioritising Skills == # State the goal. # List the skills it requires. # Rate your current level in each. # Choose the one or two skills where the gap matters most. # Set a specific practice target and a source of feedback. == Exercises == # '''Inventory.''' List your current skills and rate each: beginner, intermediate, advanced. # '''Stack design.''' Draw your own four-layer stack. What belongs in each layer? # '''One-skill focus.''' Choose one skill to develop for three months and write the practice target and feedback source. == Review Questions == # Why are foundational skills developed before specialised ones? # Give an example of two skills that combine to create more value than either alone. # Why do credentials alone not guarantee employment? == Further Reading == * Fischer, M. (2019). *The Value of Skills: A Case for Skill-Based Hiring*. (For the skills-based labour market.) avybm9mecje1971jv7utdo6jlv6qu2u 4680817 4680739 2026-11-08T02:44:07Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-suspected|reason=characteristic heading and quirks, non WB formatting errors}} == Chapter 5: Building Valuable Skills == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * identify the difference between foundational, domain, and complementary skills; * prioritise skills according to a stated goal; * explain how combining skills increases value. == 5.1 Skills versus Credentials == A certificate confirms completion of a course; a skill is demonstrated ability. Employers and customers ultimately pay for ability. Credentials can open doors, but they do not substitute for the capacity to perform. The market rewards demonstrated skill, which is why portfolios, references, and measurable results often matter more than certificates alone. The Prophet is reported to have said, "Allah loves that when one of you does a job, he does it with excellence" (Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat), which is commonly cited as a basis for pursuing skill and quality in work. == 5.2 Foundational Skills == These are useful in almost every field: * '''Communication:''' writing clearly, speaking clearly, and listening accurately. * '''Critical thinking:''' evaluating evidence and argument (see Chapter 3). * '''Problem-solving:''' defining a problem and generating and testing solutions. * '''Relationship-building:''' earning trust and cooperating with others. These should be developed first because they make every other skill more effective. == 5.3 Domain Skills == These are specific to a field: accounting, programming, carpentry, medicine, plumbing, and so on. They are developed through structured training and deliberate practice (Chapter 2). == 5.4 Complementary Skills == A person with one skill is employable; a person with a well-chosen combination is often more valuable. Examples: * writing + research + a subject specialty → analysis and reporting; * communication + sales + marketing + a product field → commercial capability; * technical skill + problem-solving + communication → product development. == 5.5 A Skill Stack == # '''Foundation layer:''' communication, critical thinking. # '''Domain layer:''' the specific skill of your chosen field. # '''Complementary layer:''' one or two adjacent skills (e.g., sales, data literacy). # '''Meta layer:''' learning how to learn, financial literacy, decision-making. == 5.6 Prioritising Skills == # State the goal. # List the skills it requires. # Rate your current level in each. # Choose the one or two skills where the gap matters most. # Set a specific practice target and a source of feedback. == Exercises == # '''Inventory.''' List your current skills and rate each: beginner, intermediate, advanced. # '''Stack design.''' Draw your own four-layer stack. What belongs in each layer? # '''One-skill focus.''' Choose one skill to develop for three months and write the practice target and feedback source. == Review Questions == # Why are foundational skills developed before specialised ones? # Give an example of two skills that combine to create more value than either alone. # Why do credentials alone not guarantee employment? == Further Reading == * Fischer, M. (2019). *The Value of Skills: A Case for Skill-Based Hiring*. (For the skills-based labour market.) {{BookCat}} ktqm4bbwad6shdnvi05xf78ngveack8 0 486972 4680818 4680654 2026-11-08T02:44:10Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680818 wikitext text/x-wiki == Chapter 6: Discipline, Focus, and Self-Control == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * explain why systems and habits are more reliable than motivation; * describe the principle of consistency; * apply a simple approach to building a habit. == 6.1 The Limits of Motivation == Motivation is a feeling, and feelings fluctuate. A plan that depends on feeling motivated will be abandoned on difficult days. Reliable progress depends on routines and environmental design that make the desired action easy and the undesired action harder. The Prophet is reported to have said that the most beloved deeds to God are those done consistently, even if small (Sahih al-Bukhari). This is often cited as a principle of steady effort rather than occasional intensity. == 6.2 Consistency == Small actions repeated daily accumulate. A learner who studies thirty minutes daily will accumulate roughly 180 hours a year, far exceeding what is typically achieved through occasional bursts. The principle holds in financial matters too: regular small investment, where lawful, benefits from compounding over time. == 6.3 Building a Habit == # '''Choose one small action.''' It should take under ten minutes initially. # '''Attach it to an existing routine.''' Pray, after breakfast, before bed, and so on. # '''Remove friction.''' Keep materials in place; remove distractions. # '''Track it simply.''' Mark each day on a calendar. # '''Review weekly.''' If you missed days, note why and adjust the environment, not the goal. == 6.4 Focus and Distraction == Attention is limited and switching costs are real. Working in blocks of 30–60 minutes on a single task, with notifications disabled, produces better results than fragmented attempts to multitask. == 6.5 Emotional Regulation == The Prophet is reported to have said that the strong person is the one who controls himself when angry (Sahih al-Bukhari). A simple practical method: # Notice the emotion and name it. # Pause before responding. # Consider consequences. # Choose a response consistent with your values. # Review afterwards. == Exercises == # '''Habit design.''' Choose one habit and complete the five steps in 6.3. # '''Focus block.''' Work for 30 minutes with all notifications off and record what you completed. # '''Emotion log.''' Use the five steps in 6.5 for one strong emotion this week. == Review Questions == # Why is motivation an unreliable basis for long-term effort? # What is the practical significance of the hadith about consistent, small deeds? # What steps reduce the cost of switching between tasks? {{BookCat}} j51ews4qar9zn5elju19e8l0humr0ak 0 486973 4680819 4680655 2026-11-08T02:44:14Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680819 wikitext text/x-wiki == Chapter 7: Building a Strong Person == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * describe the five dimensions of personal strength used in this book; * identify practical steps for physical, mental, and spiritual development; * explain why balance across dimensions matters. == 7.1 The Five Dimensions == This book uses a working model of five dimensions: '''Mind + Body + Character + Faith + Skills.''' * '''Mind:''' knowledge, reasoning, and emotional regulation. * '''Body:''' health, energy, and physical capacity. * '''Character:''' honesty, reliability, courage, humility. * '''Faith:''' belief and practice, including the five pillars. * '''Skills:''' the practical abilities developed in Chapter 5. The model is a practical aid, not a scientific taxonomy. Its purpose is to remind the reader that weakness in one dimension limits the others. == 7.2 The Body == The Prophet is reported to have said that the body has a right over you (Sahih al-Bukhari). Practical measures include: * adequate sleep (commonly 7–9 hours for adults); * regular moderate exercise; * balanced diet; * avoiding intoxicants, which the Qur'an prohibits (Qur'an 5:90); * taking rest days to prevent injury and burnout. == 7.3 The Mind == Mental strength includes the capacity to regulate emotion and to recover from setback. Useful practices include regular physical exercise, adequate sleep, structured problem-solving, and, when difficulties persist, professional mental-health support. == 7.4 Character == Character refers to conduct when no one is watching: honesty, fulfilment of promises, fairness, and humility. The Prophet is reported to have said that he was sent to perfect good character (Musnad Ahmad), which is commonly cited as evidence of the centrality of character in Islamic teaching. == 7.5 Faith == The five pillars of Islam—testimony of faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage—provide a structure for spiritual practice. The Qur'an links prayer with restraint and remembrance. For rulings on practice, readers should consult qualified scholars. == Exercises == # '''Personal audit.''' Rate yourself 1–5 on each of the five dimensions and write one improvement for each. # '''Physical plan.''' Write a weekly plan including sleep, exercise, and diet targets. # '''Character commitment.''' Choose one character trait and one specific action that demonstrates it this week. {{BookCat}} hn4hr8ua79gxetx7wpm8ulv0c4zto3j 0 486974 4680820 4680656 2026-11-08T02:44:17Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680820 wikitext text/x-wiki == Chapter 8: Education, Experience, and the Long Game == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * compare formal education, self-education, and experiential learning; * explain the value of failure as feedback; * describe the long-game approach to building capability and income. == 8.1 Formal Education and Self-Education == Formal education provides structured foundations, credentials, and access to networks. Its limitations include emphasis on theory over practice, standardised pacing, and curricula that can lag behind a changing field. It is best treated as a foundation to be supplemented by self-education (Chapter 3) and apprenticeship, which supply real feedback, constraints, and consequences. == 8.2 Entrepreneurship as Education == Starting a small venture teaches problem identification, customer feedback, pricing, and resource management. It compresses many lessons into a short period. The Prophet Muhammad was a merchant before he received revelation, and many of his companions were involved in trade and agriculture, demonstrating the historical legitimacy of commerce in Islamic society. == 8.3 Failure as Feedback == Failure is valuable only when examined. If it is blamed on others or ignored, little is learned. A structured review asks: What was the intended outcome? What actually happened? Why? What will change next time? The hadith that a believer is not stung from the same hole twice (Sahih al-Bukhari) is commonly applied to this discipline. == 8.4 The Long Game == Compounding applies to skill and to savings alike. A modest skill practised for years, or a modest lawful income invested regularly, can produce results that short bursts cannot. The Prophet's teaching that consistent small deeds are most beloved to God (Sahih al-Bukhari) supplies a moral framework for this patience. == Exercises == # '''Education audit.''' List your formal education and the practical gaps it left. Propose one way to fill each gap. # '''Failure review.''' Apply the four review questions in 8.3 to a recent failure. # '''Ten-year plan.''' Write a single paragraph describing a capability you want to hold in ten years and the consistent daily action that would build it. {{BookCat}} mmr4qo67kslu6jz4vvh5tyyjtm6ewkp 0 486975 4680821 4680657 2026-11-08T02:44:20Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680821 wikitext text/x-wiki == Chapter 9: What Earning Means == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * define earning as the creation and exchange of value; * describe the chain of value: Problem → Solution → Customer → Value → Exchange; * distinguish between income, revenue, profit, and value. == 9.1 The Chain of Value == To understand earning, one must understand the chain of value. Every business exists to solve a problem. The chain works as follows: # '''Problem:''' A need, want, or difficulty experienced by a person or group. # '''Solution:''' A product or service that addresses the problem. # '''Customer:''' The person willing to exchange value (usually money) for the solution. # '''Value:''' The benefit the customer receives from the solution. # '''Exchange:''' The voluntary transaction where the customer gives money in return for the solution. The Prophet said, "Trade is by mutual consent" (Sunan Ibn Majah), indicating that exchange must be voluntary and beneficial to both parties. == 9.2 Income, Revenue, Profit, and Value == * '''Income:''' Money received from any source (salary, business profits, rent). * '''Revenue:''' The total money a business receives from sales (Price × Units Sold). * '''Profit:''' The money remaining after expenses are subtracted from revenue. * '''Value:''' The benefit the customer perceives. If value exceeds price, the customer is satisfied. The goal of ethical earning is not merely to extract money, but to provide genuine value. The Prophet said, "The best of people are those who are most beneficial to others" (Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat). == Exercises == # '''Problem Identification.''' List three problems people face in your community. # '''Value Proposition.''' For one problem, write a brief description of a solution and the value it provides. # '''Customer Profile.''' Describe the ideal customer for your solution. {{BookCat}} 2mag1lrsi2pmv0b0ynimoz8oj8sdi58 0 486976 4680822 4680658 2026-11-08T02:44:23Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680822 wikitext text/x-wiki == Chapter 10: Thinking Like an Entrepreneur == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * define the entrepreneurial mindset; * explain opportunity recognition and problem identification; * understand the role of calculated risk and resource management. == 10.1 The Entrepreneurial Mindset == Entrepreneurship is not solely about starting a company; it is a mindset. It is the ability to see opportunities where others see obstacles, to take calculated risks, and to take responsibility for outcomes. It includes opportunity recognition, problem identification, customer focus, risk tolerance, and adaptability. == 10.2 Opportunity and Risk == Opportunities often arise from frustrations, inefficiencies, and unmet needs. Once an opportunity is identified, the entrepreneur must manage risk. The principle "Tie your camel and trust in Allah" (Sunan al-Tirmidhi) summarizes the balance of taking necessary practical precautions while relying on God for the outcome. == 10.3 Decision-Making and Experimentation == Good decision-making requires gathering information, analyzing options, and considering consequences. Entrepreneurship involves testing ideas through small experiments rather than investing heavily in unproven assumptions. If an experiment fails, it is treated as feedback to adjust the approach. == Exercises == # '''Opportunity Scan.''' Identify three inefficiencies or frustrations in your daily life. # '''Risk Assessment.''' Choose one opportunity and list the potential risks and rewards. # '''Decision Journal.''' Write down a decision you need to make, the options, and the potential consequences of each. {{BookCat}} ltqz4iygmxy28ud2ca9prsupynzpt93 0 486977 4680823 4680659 2026-11-08T02:44:26Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680823 wikitext text/x-wiki == Chapter 11: Finding Problems Worth Solving == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * identify different categories of problems (frustrations, inefficiencies, unmet needs); * observe the market like an entrepreneur; * validate a problem before building a solution. == 11.1 Categories of Problems == Not all problems are worth solving. Valuable problems typically fall into these categories: * '''Frustrations:''' Everyday annoyances that cause irritation. * '''Inefficiencies:''' Processes that waste time or money. * '''Unmet Needs:''' Gaps in the market where no solution exists. * '''Expensive Problems:''' Issues that drain budgets. * '''Repetitive Problems:''' Tasks that must be done repeatedly. * '''Time-Consuming Problems:''' Tasks that require excessive effort. The Prophet said, "For every disease there is a cure" (Sahih Muslim). The entrepreneur seeks to find the cure for a specific problem. == 11.2 Validation == Many entrepreneurs fail because they build solutions for problems no one actually has. Validation is the process of confirming that a problem is real and that people are willing to pay to solve it. This is done through customer interviews, surveys, and small tests. == Exercises == # '''Domain Selection.''' Choose a field or community to focus on. # '''Problem List.''' Write down ten problems in that domain using the categories above. # '''Validation Plan.''' Choose one problem and write three questions you would ask a potential customer to verify if the problem exists. {{BookCat}} 5070ngzx4wqdqh7dlgcb7rfc8oglcpv 0 486978 4680824 4680660 2026-11-08T02:44:29Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680824 wikitext text/x-wiki == Chapter 12: Sales and Marketing == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * explain the role of trust in sales; * understand the difference between persuasion and manipulation; * describe the basics of positioning and content marketing. == 12.1 The Foundation of Trust == The Prophet was known as ''al-Amin'' (the trustworthy) before he became a prophet. Trust is the foundation of all ethical sales. Without trust, sales become manipulation. The Prophet said, "The truthful, trustworthy merchant will be with the prophets, the truthful, and the martyrs" (Sunan Ibn Majah). == 12.2 Persuasion vs. Manipulation == * '''Persuasion:''' Influencing someone to make a decision that is in their best interest, based on honesty and transparency. * '''Manipulation:''' Influencing someone to make a decision that benefits the seller at the expense of the buyer, often using deception or high-pressure tactics. The Prophet said, "Whoever cheats is not one of us" (Sahih Muslim). This prohibits deceptive marketing and manipulative sales tactics. == 12.3 Sales and Marketing Basics == * '''Sales:''' Understanding customer needs through active listening, asking questions, and explaining how the product meets those needs. * '''Marketing:''' Attracting attention and building a brand through positioning (differentiating yourself), creating valuable content, and distributing it to the target audience. == Exercises == # '''Value Proposition.''' Write a one-sentence explanation of what you offer and why it matters. # '''Objection Handling.''' List three common reasons a customer might say "no" and how you would address them honestly. # '''Ethical Audit.''' Review a marketing campaign you have seen recently. Was it persuasive or manipulative? Why? {{BookCat}} avmxqb2f5e7t47tx67fwv3jm0jygu10 0 486979 4680825 4680661 2026-11-08T02:44:32Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680825 wikitext text/x-wiki == Chapter 13: Money and Business Models == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * distinguish between assets and liabilities; * understand basic cash flow; * identify different business models. == 13.1 Assets, Liabilities, and Cash Flow == Financial intelligence involves understanding where money goes. This concept is heavily influenced by works such as Robert Kiyosaki's *Rich Dad Poor Dad*. * '''Asset:''' Something that puts money into your pocket (e.g., rental property, dividend stocks). * '''Liability:''' Something that takes money out of your pocket (e.g., consumer debt, car loans). * '''Cash Flow:''' The actual movement of money in and out of a business, distinct from profit. A business can be profitable on paper but fail due to poor cash flow. The Prophet said, "The son of Adam will not be asked about his wealth on the Day of Judgment except that he will be asked: Where did you earn it? And where did you spend it?" (Sunan al-Tirmidhi). This emphasizes the importance of managing money responsibly. == 13.2 Business Models == A business model is how a business creates and delivers value. Common models include: * '''Products:''' Manufacturing and selling physical goods (requires inventory). * '''Services:''' Providing a skill or action for a fee (limited by time). * '''Subscriptions:''' Charging recurring fees for access (predictable revenue). * '''Digital Products:''' Selling downloadable goods like e-books or software (low marginal cost). == Exercises == # '''Asset vs. Liability.''' List three things you own and classify them as assets or liabilities. # '''Cash Flow Tracking.''' Track your income and expenses for one week. # '''Model Selection.''' Research one business model and write down its main advantages and disadvantages. {{BookCat}} 2vboumpxzbh9kar5q2ug0nfgfj3g8yd 0 486980 4680826 4680662 2026-11-08T02:44:36Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680826 wikitext text/x-wiki == Chapter 14: Halal Business == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * describe the Islamic principles of trade; * explain the prohibition of ''riba'' (interest) and deception; * identify the qualities of a successful Muslim merchant. == 14.1 Principles of Trade == Islam provides a comprehensive ethical framework for business: * '''Honesty:''' Speaking the truth and disclosing defects in goods. * '''Fairness:''' Giving full measure and not exploiting others. * '''Prohibition of ''Riba'':''' The Qur'an explicitly forbids interest-based transactions (Qur'an 2:275), viewing it as an injustice. * '''Avoidance of ''Haram'':''' Trading in prohibited items (alcohol, gambling, etc.) is forbidden. * '''Fair Treatment of Workers:''' The Prophet said, "Give the worker his wages before his sweat dries" (Sunan Ibn Majah). == 14.2 The Example of the Companions == The companions of the Prophet (the ''Sahabah'') were deeply involved in commerce. * '''Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf:''' A highly successful merchant known for his immense generosity and trustworthiness. * '''Uthman ibn Affan:''' A wealthy merchant who used his wealth to support the Muslim community and equip armies. * '''Abu Bakr as-Siddiq:''' A cloth merchant who used his wealth to free slaves (including Bilal ibn Rabah). It is important to note that wealth in Islam is not an end in itself, but a trust (''amanah'') to be used for good. == Exercises == # '''Halal Audit.''' Review your current or planned income sources. Are there any elements of ''riba'', deception, or forbidden products? # '''Worker Treatment.''' If you employ others, do you pay them fairly and on time? If not, how can you improve? # '''Sahabah Study.''' Read a short biography of one of the merchant companions and identify one character trait you want to emulate. {{BookCat}} j5z2r7ny4bs5rh2vivjjcsd4z7nniuu 0 486981 4680827 4680663 2026-11-08T02:44:39Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680827 wikitext text/x-wiki == Chapter 15: Starting Small and Improving == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * explain the process of testing a business idea; * define a Minimum Viable Product (MVP); * understand how to iterate based on customer feedback. == 15.1 The Iterative Process == Building a business is a process: '''IDEA → RESEARCH → TEST → BUILD → SELL → MEASURE → IMPROVE.''' Many entrepreneurs fail by trying to build the perfect product before testing it. The Prophet said, "The most beloved deeds to Allah are those that are consistent, even if they are small" (Sahih al-Bukhari), encouraging a step-by-step approach. == 15.2 The Minimum Viable Product (MVP) == The concept of the MVP, popularized by Eric Ries in *The Lean Startup*, suggests creating the simplest version of a product to test with early customers. The goal is not perfection, but learning whether the product solves a real problem before investing heavily. == 15.3 Feedback and Rejection == Rejection is a natural part of business. The believer is encouraged to learn from mistakes and not repeat them (Sahih al-Bukhari). Customer feedback should be actively sought and used to improve the product or pivot to a different approach. == Exercises == # '''Idea Generation.''' Write down three business ideas. # '''MVP Design.''' For one idea, describe the simplest possible version you could create this week. # '''Feedback Strategy.''' How will you get honest feedback from your first customers? {{BookCat}} mstiw3ij9k1wwsids4e2j1bnyimyy10 0 486982 4680828 4680664 2026-11-08T02:44:42Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4680828 wikitext text/x-wiki == Chapter 16: Wealth, Purpose, and Legacy == == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * explain the Islamic perspective on wealth as a tool; * understand the concepts of ''zakat'' and ''sadaqah''; * describe the importance of long-term thinking and legacy. == 16.1 Wealth as a Tool == The Prophet said, "Richness is not having many possessions. Rather, true richness is the richness of the soul" (Sahih al-Bukhari). Wealth is a tool to be used for good, not an identity. It should be used to provide for family, support the community, and fund beneficial causes. == 16.2 Zakat and Sadaqah == * '''Zakat:''' An obligatory charity (typically 2.5% of specific wealth) that purifies wealth and supports the poor and needy (Qur'an 9:60). * '''Sadaqah:''' Voluntary charity. The Prophet said, "Sadaqah does not decrease wealth" (Sahih Muslim). It can be financial or an act of kindness. == 16.3 The Long Game and Legacy == Long-term thinking requires patience and planning. The Prophet said, "Take advantage of five before five: your youth before your old age..." (Al-Hakim). Legacy is what you leave behind. The Prophet said, "When a person dies, his deeds come to an end except for three: ongoing charity, beneficial knowledge, or a righteous child who prays for him" (Sahih Muslim). == Exercises == # '''Purpose Statement.''' Write a personal mission statement explaining why you want to earn wealth. # '''Charity Plan.''' Calculate how much you should be giving in ''zakat'' and plan your ''sadaqah'' for the month. # '''Legacy Reflection.''' What is one project or piece of knowledge you want to leave behind? {{BookCat}} f0nxiao0bkrzf4ioke9l4e1ihspou80 2 486984 4680667 4680666 2026-11-07T12:06:30Z Dhanush0715 3629696 4680667 wikitext text/x-wiki = <big>Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) :</big> = In our real life, it is not possible to measure a one signal on its own. (code division multiple access)CDMA is good example. A cellular network Splits an area into cells,and now each cell is served by one tower.when you make a call,send a text,or load something from the internet,your phone talks to the tower for the cell you are in. now lots of people in the same cell are doing this at once, they need a way to avoid interfacing with each other. CDMA is the one way to keep users seperate. it is a "spread spectrum" techniques: every user gets their own unique code,which works like a signature.the message itself changes much more slowly than the code does.a message can be any real number, the code is just a stream of +1s and -1s. these codes are designed like that a code matches itself very strongly. but slightly matches any other user's code.both the user and the towet know the code.to transmit,the user multiples their message by their code. At the tower, what arrives is a mix of everyones signals added together, each one scaled by its own message. we can also assume that any given moment, only a small number of all the users in the cell are actually transmitting. sf9ekd3bfwi4irdj75omzqvh6xslf77 4680668 4680667 2026-11-07T12:21:36Z Dhanush0715 3629696 4680668 wikitext text/x-wiki = <big>Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) :</big> = Code division multiple access is technique onr channel carries all transmissions simultaneously.it allows multiple devices to transmit on the same frequencies at same time using different codes. this technique is used for mobile communications. Each mobile is assigned a 64bit unique code. * to send a binary 1, mobile device transmits the unique code * to send a binary 0, mobile device transmits the inverse code Reciver gets mixed signal, multiplies it by reciver code * interprets as a binary 1 if sum near +64 * interprets as binary 0 if sum is near -64 In our real life, it is not possible to measure a one signal on its own. (code division multiple access)CDMA is good example. A cellular network Splits an area into cells,and now each cell is served by one tower.when you make a call,send a text,or load something from the internet,your phone talks to the tower for the cell you are in. now lots of people in the same cell are doing this at once, they need a way to avoid interfacing with each other. CDMA is the one way to keep users seperate. it is a "spread spectrum" techniques: every user gets their own unique code,which works like a signature.the message itself changes much more slowly than the code does.a message can be any real number, the code is just a stream of +1s and -1s. these codes are designed like that a code matches itself very strongly. but slightly matches any other user's code.both the user and the towet know the code.to transmit,the user multiples their message by their code. At the tower, what arrives is a mix of everyones signals added together, each one scaled by its own message. we can also assume that any given moment, only a small number of all the users in the cell are actually transmitting. 63hdh0fusixju5x5eh5auj0va361oc9 2 486985 4680675 2026-11-07T13:26:02Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 i writen about all topics and inser images 4680675 wikitext text/x-wiki = Base Towers and Rooftop Towers = [[File:Lattice Tower.jpg|thumb|A lattice telecommunications tower. Source: Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.]] Wireless telecom networks will require the installation of a ground based tower (often called Base Tower) or a rooftop tower in order to support [[antenna]]s, [[transceiver]]s and [[microwave dish]]es. == Ground Based Towers == This tower is installed directly into the ground. It required site preparation such as soil removal, deep [[foundation]]s and concrete bases. The main types of ground Based Towers are: === Lattice Towers === This tower can range from 30m up to 100m tall. It uses 3 or 4 steel poles, connected with triangular bracings. This type of tower can support heavy loads from the equipment. === Monopole Towers === This is a single, tapered pole. These can be 15m up to 45m tall. They have a small footprint and are great for suburban areas. === Guyed Masts === This is a thin steel lattice tower with steel guy wires tied to the ground to provide stability. This can be over 150m tall and has a large footprint. == Rooftop Towers == [[File:Rooftop with cellular network mobile phone antenna mounts.jpg|thumb|Rooftop telecommunications antenna mounts. Source: Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.]] These towers are mounted onto existing buildings such as Commercial, Industrial or Residential. They use the building height to gain antenna height without having to purchase large areas of land. The main types of rooftop towers are: === Rooftop Lattice Towers === Short towers made of 4 or 3 steel poles. These are mounted onto steel grilages. Heights range from 6m up to 15m. === Rooftop Poles / Monopoles === A single steel pole that is fixed to the buildings load bearing column. These can range from 3m up to 9m. === Rooftop Ballasted Mounts === These are mounted onto rubber protection pads. A heavy concrete block is used to weigh down the frame. They can be installed without any drilling to the roof. == Structural Considerations == Different structural considerations will be needed. === Ground Based Towers === Foundations can be between 2m up to 5m deep. Pad and Pier foundations will require between 30m3 up to 80m3 of high strength concrete. Between 100m2 up to 400m2 of space will be needed for lattice towers. High [[wind loading]] and self-weight will be directly taken into the ground.<ref name="TIA222">Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), [https://tiaonline.org/standard/tia-222/ TIA-222 – Structural Standards for Antenna-Supporting Structures].</ref> === Rooftop Towers === The footprint will depend on what the building has in terms of structural columns. Structural engineers will perform penetration testing and load testing.<ref name="NCA">National Communications Authority, Ghana, [https://nca.org.gh/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Communications-Towers-Guidelines3.pdf Guidelines on Communications Towers].</ref> Weight will be spread across multiple main concrete beams by using steel grilages. The weight of equipment will be limited due to roof loading. Most concrete roofs can carry between 300kg/m2 up to 500kg/m2. == Site Acquisition and Permissions == Timeframes will depend on where you are trying to acquire sites. === Ground Sites === You will need to negotiate long term leases with private land owners or municipalities. This can be between 10 up to 20 years. Zoning approvals will be required. This will include public meetings, environmental assessments and aviation permissions. This can take between 6 up to 12 months. === Rooftop Sites === Negotiate with building association / Commercial Building Managers. This can be between 3 up to 10 years. Permission can take between 2 up to 4 months. Agreements will be required to allow 24h access to the site for your field engineers. == Power and Backhaul == Both types of towers will require power and high speed data. === Ground Sites === Dedicated high voltage transformer lines will be run from the grid. Diesel generators will be installed with 500 litre fuel tanks. These will be located within the perimeter fence. [[Fibre-optic cable]]s will be laid in the road easement and directly into the equipment shelter. === Rooftop Sites === The building riser will be tapped into / A dedicated meter installed in the ground floor. Often heavy diesel generators cannot be installed on the roof due to weight. Lithium batteries or small sound proof generators will be used. Fibre optic cables will be run through the elevator shafts or internally. == Cost == === Capital Expenditure: === Ground Lattice Tower: $60,000 up to $150,000. This includes earthworks, foundations, steel supply and assembly. Rooftop Tower: $20,000 up to $50,000. No earthworks or large foundations are needed. === Operating Expenditure: === Ground Leases: $500 up to $2000 per month. Rooftop Leases: $1500 up to $6000 per month. Maintenance will be required for waterproofing on the roof. == Timeframes == === Ground Based: === Earthworks, Grading & Curing: 4 Weeks. Steel Assembly & Crane: 1 Week. RF Cabling & Antennas: 1 Week. Total: 6-8 Weeks from permits. === Rooftop Based: === Grilage Installation: 2 Days. Mast Installation: 2 Days. Cable Tray & RF Installation: 3 Days. Total: 1-2 Weeks from permits. == Considerations == When choosing a ground based tower consider: * Wider coverage requirements across highways, rural valleys and low density suburbs. * Antenna height requirements greater than 30m. * Co-location of 3 or 4 mobile network providers. * No high buildings in local area. When choosing a rooftop tower consider: * Targeting high density urban areas with high signal shadowing. * Land prices are too high. * Fast deployment of small cells / [[5G]]. * Strong concrete beams available in the building.<ref name="TRAI">Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), [https://trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/Rec_Infrastructurel.pdf Recommendations on Infrastructure Sharing and Related Telecommunications Infrastructure].</ref> == References == <references /> jxensf6fdu3h0z06byoqorb9i5q4a11 3 486986 4680676 2026-11-07T13:34:51Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 /* Question about plagiarism policies */ new section 4680676 wikitext text/x-wiki == Question about plagiarism policies == Hi, I want to follow the rules here. Can you explain: What happens if content gets flagged for plagiarism? How should I add sources correctly? How do I fix or rewrite flagged text? Thanks [[User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav|Bojja Mahesh Yadav]] ([[User talk:Bojja Mahesh Yadav|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bojja Mahesh Yadav|contribs]]) 13:34, 7 November 2026 (UTC) tryb043ht7r2h3gh1wel79r5drnm68q 2 486987 4680677 2026-11-07T13:49:13Z Sidduk kancerla1 3630710 Created page with " = Why Do 3G and 4G Have More Coverage Than 5G in India? = == Introduction == Mobile networks have become a very important part of our everyday life. Whether we are attending online classes, watching YouTube videos, playing online games, making digital payments or communicating with friends and family, we depend on mobile internet for almost everything. Over the years, mobile communication technology has developed from 2G to 3G, then 4G and now 5G. Every new generation..." 4680677 wikitext text/x-wiki = Why Do 3G and 4G Have More Coverage Than 5G in India? = == Introduction == Mobile networks have become a very important part of our everyday life. Whether we are attending online classes, watching YouTube videos, playing online games, making digital payments or communicating with friends and family, we depend on mobile internet for almost everything. Over the years, mobile communication technology has developed from 2G to 3G, then 4G and now 5G. Every new generation has brought some improvements in speed, connectivity and performance. When 5G was launched in India, many people were excited because it promised very high internet speeds and a better online experience. Many telecom companies started providing 5G services, and smartphone companies also began launching 5G-supported phones at different prices. However, after using 5G, some people noticed something interesting. In certain places, especially inside buildings, hostels, offices and rural areas, 4G sometimes provides a more stable connection than 5G. This makes us wonder: If 5G is a newer and more advanced technology, why does it sometimes have less coverage than 3G or 4G? The answer is related to several factors, such as frequency, signal strength, mobile towers, network infrastructure and the way wireless signals travel from one place to another. == 1. Understanding the Different Generations of Mobile Networks == Before discussing the coverage problem, it is useful to understand how mobile network technology has changed over time. '''3G (Third Generation):''' 3G was introduced to provide better internet services than older mobile networks. It allowed people to browse websites, send emails, make video calls and use basic online applications. At that time, it was a major improvement in mobile communication. '''4G (Fourth Generation):''' 4G brought a major improvement in internet speed and network performance. It made HD video streaming, online gaming, video conferencing and faster downloads possible. In India, 4G became very popular because of affordable data plans and the expansion of telecom networks. '''5G (Fifth Generation):''' 5G is the latest generation of mobile communication. It is designed to provide higher data speeds, lower latency and better network capacity. Apart from smartphones, it can also support technologies such as smart cities, industrial automation, connected vehicles and the Internet of Things (IoT). Although every generation improves on the previous one, network coverage depends on how the technology is implemented. == 2. Frequency Is One of the Main Reasons == One of the biggest reasons for the difference in network coverage is the frequency used by mobile networks. In simple words, frequency refers to the number of times a radio wave completes its cycle in one second. It is measured in Hertz (Hz). Mobile networks use different frequency bands to transmit information between mobile phones and nearby base stations. Generally, lower-frequency signals can travel longer distances and penetrate buildings more easily. Higher-frequency signals can provide greater data capacity, but they usually experience more propagation loss and may require more base stations. For example: * 700 MHz signals can provide wider coverage. * 900 MHz signals generally travel farther than higher-frequency signals. * 1800 MHz signals provide a balance between coverage and capacity. * 3500 MHz signals can support high-capacity 5G services but usually have shorter coverage than lower-frequency bands. In India, 4G networks operate across several frequency bands, such as 700 MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 2300 MHz, depending on the operator and network deployment. Many Indian 5G networks use the 3.3–3.67 GHz range. This explains why a 4G connection operating at a lower frequency may work in a location where a 5G connection using 3.5 GHz is weak. == 3. How Do Radio Signals Travel? == To understand this properly, we need to know how wireless communication works. When we make a call or use mobile internet, our phone communicates with a nearby mobile tower. The tower sends and receives radio signals, which carry information between the mobile device and the network. These signals travel through the air, but they do not always reach every location with the same strength. [[File:Mount Pleasant Radio Telescope.jpg|thumb]] During their journey, signals may be affected by: * Distance from the mobile tower. * Buildings and concrete walls. * Trees and other obstacles. * Weather and environmental conditions. * Interference from other radio signals. As the distance between a mobile phone and a tower increases, the received signal generally becomes weaker. Higher-frequency signals also tend to experience greater free-space path loss at the same distance when other conditions are equal. Because of these factors, a person standing close to a 5G tower may receive excellent connectivity, while someone farther away may experience weak signals. == 4. Why Does 5G Become Weak Inside Buildings? == This is something many mobile users experience in their daily lives. For example, imagine that you are using your phone outside your college building. Your phone shows a strong 5G signal, and internet speed is very good. After entering a classroom or hostel room, the signal becomes weaker or the phone switches to 4G. This happens because buildings can block or weaken wireless signals. Materials such as concrete, metal, thick walls and specially coated glass can reduce the strength of radio signals. Higher-frequency signals, such as those used in the 3.5 GHz band, generally experience greater penetration loss than lower-frequency signals. This is why 4G may sometimes work better inside buildings even when 5G is available outside. Telecom companies can improve indoor coverage by installing indoor small cells, distributed antenna systems and other network equipment. == 5. Difference in Mobile Tower Infrastructure == Another important reason is the availability of network infrastructure. 4G technology has been available in India for many years. During this period, telecom companies have installed thousands of mobile towers and upgraded existing network sites. These towers cover cities, towns, highways and many rural locations. On the other hand, 5G is a newer technology. Telecom operators have to install new radio equipment, antennas and other supporting systems to provide 5G connectivity. Not every existing 4G site automatically provides complete 5G coverage. Some sites need additional equipment and upgrades. Also, when higher-frequency bands are used, operators may need more closely spaced base stations to provide consistent coverage. This expansion takes time and requires investment. As a result, 4G coverage is still more widely established in many parts of India. == 6. Coverage and Internet Speed Are Not the Same == One common misunderstanding is that faster internet automatically means better network coverage. Actually, coverage and speed are two different things. '''Coverage''' means the geographical area in which a mobile network is available and usable. '''Internet speed''' refers to how quickly data can be downloaded or uploaded. For example, a 4G network may provide a stable connection over a large area, while a 5G network may provide extremely high speeds in a smaller area. Similarly, a 5G connection with weak signal strength may sometimes perform worse than a strong 4G connection. Therefore, having a 5G symbol on a smartphone does not always mean that the user will get the best internet experience. The actual performance depends on signal strength, network congestion, available bandwidth, distance from the tower and other technical conditions. == 7. Why Don't Telecom Companies Use Lower Frequencies for All 5G Networks? == This is another interesting question. If lower frequencies provide better coverage, why don't telecom companies use only lower-frequency bands for 5G? [[File:Telecom Argentina Logo.svg|thumb]] The main reason is that telecom networks need to balance coverage and capacity. Lower-frequency bands are very useful for providing connectivity over large areas. However, they generally have limited available bandwidth compared with higher-frequency spectrum allocations. Higher-frequency bands, such as 3.5 GHz, offer wider bandwidth and can support more data traffic. For example, in a crowded city where thousands of people are using mobile internet at the same time, higher-bandwidth 5G networks can help provide better capacity. India also uses the 700 MHz band for 5G deployment. It can help provide wider coverage and better building penetration compared with the 3.5 GHz band. However, the availability and use of these bands depend on telecom operators' spectrum holdings and network planning. == 8. Role of Network Congestion == Network congestion is another factor that affects the user experience. Imagine a railway station, shopping mall or college campus where hundreds or thousands of people are using mobile internet at the same time. All these users are sharing the available network resources. When too many people connect to the same cell, the network may become congested, and internet speed can decrease. This can happen in both 4G and 5G networks. 5G has been designed to support higher capacity, but the actual benefit depends on the amount of spectrum available, network equipment and the number of users connected to each cell. If a 5G network has insufficient capacity or poor signal conditions, users may not experience the speed they expect. == 9. Role of Smartphone Compatibility == Sometimes, the problem is not only with the mobile network. The smartphone itself can also affect connectivity. [[File:Smart Girls with Smart Phones.jpg|thumb]] Different smartphones support different frequency bands. For example, one 5G phone may support several Indian 5G bands, while another phone may support fewer bands. If a smartphone does not support a particular frequency band used by the telecom operator, it may not be able to connect to that band's 5G network. Other factors, such as antenna design, software updates, modem quality and network settings, can also affect performance. Therefore, before purchasing a 5G smartphone, it is useful to check whether it supports the frequency bands used by the network operator. == 10. Difference Between 5G NSA and 5G SA == There are two important ways in which 5G networks can be deployed. '''5G NSA (Non-Standalone):''' In this method, 5G uses the existing 4G network infrastructure for some important network functions. It allows operators to introduce 5G services without building a completely new network from the beginning. '''5G SA (Standalone):''' In this method, 5G uses a dedicated 5G core network along with 5G radio access technology. It supports advanced 5G capabilities and provides a foundation for future services. Both methods can provide 5G connectivity, but their network architecture and capabilities are different. The coverage experienced by users still depends mainly on radio deployment, frequency bands, tower locations and network configuration. == 11. Advantages of 5G Compared to 4G == Even though 5G may have less coverage in some locations, it offers several important advantages. '''Higher Internet Speed:''' 5G can provide much higher download and upload speeds when sufficient bandwidth and good signal conditions are available. '''Lower Latency:''' Latency is the time taken for data to travel from one point to another. 5G is designed to reduce latency, which is useful for applications requiring quick responses. '''Better Network Capacity:''' 5G can support more connected devices and higher data traffic in suitable network deployments. '''Internet of Things (IoT):''' 5G can support a large number of connected devices, such as smart sensors, security systems and industrial machines. '''Smart Cities:''' It can help connect traffic management systems, surveillance equipment, smart streetlights and other city infrastructure. '''Industrial Automation:''' Factories can use 5G connectivity for robotics, remote monitoring and automated production systems. These advantages show that 5G is not just an upgrade for mobile internet. It is also an important technology for future communication systems. == 12. Importance of 5G in Rural India == India has a large rural population, and reliable internet connectivity is important for education, healthcare, agriculture and business. 5G can help rural communities access several digital services. For example, farmers may use connected sensors to monitor soil moisture and crop conditions. Students may attend online classes, and healthcare centres may use digital communication to connect with specialists. However, providing 5G coverage in rural areas is challenging because villages may be far apart and building network infrastructure can be expensive. Lower-frequency bands can help cover larger geographical areas with fewer sites, although the final network design also depends on terrain, traffic demand and available infrastructure. Expanding reliable connectivity to rural areas will be an important part of India's digital development. == 13. How Can 5G Coverage Be Improved in India? == There are several ways in which telecom companies can improve 5G coverage. # '''Installing More Base Stations:''' More mobile sites can help improve coverage and reduce the distance between users and towers. # '''Using Different Frequency Bands:''' Lower-frequency bands can provide wider coverage, while higher-frequency bands can provide additional capacity. # '''Improving Indoor Connectivity:''' Small cells and indoor antenna systems can help provide better signals inside buildings. # '''Upgrading Existing Infrastructure:''' Existing telecom sites can be upgraded with modern equipment and better antennas. # '''Using Advanced Antenna Technology:''' Technologies such as Massive MIMO and beamforming can improve signal quality and network performance. # '''Better Network Planning:''' Telecom companies can study population density, traffic demand and geographical conditions before installing new equipment. By using these methods, operators can make 5G services more reliable and accessible to more people. == 14. Future of 5G and Mobile Communication in India == The future of mobile communication in India looks promising. As smartphone usage and internet demand continue to increase, telecom companies will need to improve both coverage and network capacity. 5G may play an important role in areas such as artificial intelligence, robotics, connected vehicles, smart manufacturing and advanced healthcare. In the future, researchers are also working on 6G technology, which aims to provide even faster communication, intelligent networks and advanced sensing capabilities. However, before moving completely towards the next generation, it is important to ensure that existing networks provide reliable connectivity to people across the country. Affordable internet access and good network coverage should remain important priorities. == Conclusion == After understanding this topic, it becomes clear that newer technology does not always mean wider network coverage. 3G and 4G may provide better coverage than 5G in certain locations because of their frequency bands, existing infrastructure and the way radio signals travel. One important thing I learned is that frequency plays a major role in wireless communication. Lower-frequency signals generally travel farther and penetrate buildings more easily, whereas higher-frequency signals can provide greater data capacity. [[File:04 11 2021 Leilão 5G (51655543910).jpg|thumb]] At the same time, 5G offers many advantages, such as higher speeds, lower latency and better support for connected devices. In my opinion, the main challenge for India is not just introducing faster mobile networks but making sure that people in cities, towns and villages can access reliable internet services. With better infrastructure, improved network planning and the use of different frequency bands, 5G can become more accessible in the coming years. == References and Further Reading == # Department of Telecommunications, Government of India – <nowiki>https://dot.gov.in/</nowiki> # Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) – <nowiki>https://www.trai.gov.in/</nowiki> # International Telecommunication Union (ITU) – <nowiki>https://www.itu.int/</nowiki> # Bharat 6G Vision – Department of Telecommunications, Government of India. # 3GPP – <nowiki>https://www.3gpp.org/</nowiki> g3rgult4bqjk1rsyn9jqxnlox7ig8ru 2 486988 4680678 2026-11-07T14:02:55Z BHARGAV SEELAM 3630459 Created page with "Chapter: 5G Technology 1. Introduction The technology for communication has become a significant part of our daily lives Almost all our activities, whether it is making phone calls or attending online classes, depend on internet connectivity. Mobile communication has been developed over the years in different generations starting from 1G to the latest generation 5G. 5G stands for Fifth Generation of mobile network technology. It is designed to allow faster data commun..." 4680678 wikitext text/x-wiki Chapter: 5G Technology 1. Introduction The technology for communication has become a significant part of our daily lives Almost all our activities, whether it is making phone calls or attending online classes, depend on internet connectivity. Mobile communication has been developed over the years in different generations starting from 1G to the latest generation 5G. 5G stands for Fifth Generation of mobile network technology. It is designed to allow faster data communication, reduce network delays and connect large number of devices. While previous generations were built for mobile phones, 5G is meant for smart machines, vehicles, medical equipment and other connected devices. 2. What Is 5G Technology? 5G is the fifth generation of wireless, mobile communications technology. It enables users to surf the internet with enhanced speed and improved network performance. The basic aim of 5G is to provide faster and more efficient communication. It also enables the Internet of Things (IoT) where various devices communicate through the internet. For example, smart home devices can link up with mobile phones and enable users to control lights, fans and other appliances remotely. 3. The Evolution of Mobile Network Technologies Mobile communication has been developed gradually over the years. 1G – First Generation 1G was the first generation of mobile communications. It was used primarily for voice calls.Second Generation - 2G 2G brought digital communication. It supported texting and had better voice quality. Third Generation (3G) 3G made the mobile internet more accessible. Users could surf the web and make video calls. 4G – The Fourth Generation 4G offered faster internet speeds and enabled people to stream video online, play games and use other internet services. 5G – The Fifth Generation 5G has the potential to deliver higher speeds, lower latency and more capacity for connected devices. 4. Key Features of 5G Technology 4.1 High Data Rate 5G can move data far faster than previous generations of mobile networks. This speeds up downloading files and streaming videos. 4.2 Low Latency Latency is the amount of time it takes for information to travel between two devices. 5G is supposed to eliminate that lag. 4.3 Large Network Capacity 5G can handle a huge number of connected devices in a given area. 4.4 Improved Connectivity It enables communication between mobile devices, sensors, machines and other smart devices. 4.5 Reliability of Networks Depending on the design of the network, 5G can support applications that require stable and reliable communications. 5. Working Principle of 5G Technology 5G is wireless communication between mobile devices and network stations. The working process can be described as follows: 1. A user sends a request using a 5G-enabled mobile phone. 2. The mobile phone sends radio signals to a nearby 5G base station. 3. The base station sends the information to the mobile network. 4. The network is connected to the internet or to the necessary service. 5. The requested information is sent back to mobile phone. This allows users to get to online services and communicate. h439yaueydfcerz8kh39oj3ikhchhoi 0 486989 4680681 2026-11-07T14:39:12Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 Added Basic Conversation table in Tigre 4680681 wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki>{| class="wikitable"</nowiki> |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! تقري - جعزية !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agde methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያይ || Seni masyay |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titlike |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || እንተ ተሐይስ || Ente tehayis |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || እንተ ተሐይስ/ዐይብከ || Ente tehayis / Aybke |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noske |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetke min te |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ane min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewe |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ele isitche te |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልይ || Wely |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ele hiche te |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እብዬ ቱ || Eli ibye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ele imye te |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ane sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hale |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ke ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteye ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hale? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ane egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aye egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበቅዝ || Bambaqiz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aye egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aye egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aye erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hline? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hline |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteye hale? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higye ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit te |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybke sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jere? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀርርኮ || Ane qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ane farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ane eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ane ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilke |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeye hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeye hale? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitne? |} cd6tgy1uzmc51g9tql0jtf7zz6s7637 4680684 4680681 2026-11-07T14:43:54Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 Added Basic Conversation table in Tigre 4680684 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! تقري - جعزية !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agde methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያይ || Seni masyay |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titlike |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || እንተ ተሐይስ || Ente tehayis |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || እንተ ተሐይስ/ዐይብከ || Ente tehayis / Aybke |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noske |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetke min te |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ane min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewe |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ele isitche te |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልይ || Wely |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ele hiche te |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እብዬ ቱ || Eli ibye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ele imye te |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ane sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hale |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ke ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteye ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hale? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ane egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aye egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበቅዝ || Bambaqiz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aye egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aye egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aye erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hline? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hline |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteye hale? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higye ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit te |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybke sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jere? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀርርኮ || Ane qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ane farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ane eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ane ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilke |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeye hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeye hale? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitne? |} 5aiutbqvgmzpvzxzn0dqn1uucfmwtrv 4680686 4680684 2026-11-07T14:46:29Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 /* */ ንኢሽ አስነዮት 4680686 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! تقري - جعزية !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agda methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያይ || Seni masyay |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titlike |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || እንተ ተሐይስ || Ente tehayis |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || እንተ ተሐይስ/ዐይብከ || Ente tehayis / Aybke |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noske |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetke min te |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ane min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewe |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ele isitche te |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልይ || Wely |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ele hiche te |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እብዬ ቱ || Eli ibye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ele imye te |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ane sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hale |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ke ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteye ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hale? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ane egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aye egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበቅዝ || Bambaqiz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aye egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aye egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aye erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hline? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hline |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteye hale? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higye ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit te |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybke sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jere? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀርርኮ || Ane qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ane farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ane eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ane ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilke |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeye hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeye hale? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitne? |} ks9fajwivgev2yibc7qwl96kpknvg45 4680687 4680686 2026-11-07T14:56:23Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 /* */ Small edits 4680687 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! تقري - جعزية !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agda methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያይ || Seni masyay |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titlike |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || እንተ ተሐይስ || Ente tehayis |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || እንተ ተሐይስ/ዐይብከ || Ente tehayis / Aybke |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noske |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetke min te |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ana min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewa |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ele isitche ta |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልዬ || Welye |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ele hiche ta |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እብዬ ቱ || Eli ibye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ele imye ta |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ane sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hala |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ka ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteya ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hala? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ane egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aye egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበርዝ || Bambariz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aya egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aya erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hlina? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hlina |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteya hala? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higya ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit ta |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybka sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jera? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀርርኮ || Ane qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ane farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ana eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ana ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilka |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeye hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeya hala? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitna? |} 6pykbe8vm3dtk2w4v1tyrl2rvd2aqhm 4680688 4680687 2026-11-07T15:01:15Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 /* */ Small edits 4680688 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! تقري - جعزية !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agda methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያም || Seni masyam |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titlike |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || እንተ ተሐይስ || Ente tehayis |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || እንተ ተሐይስ/ዐይብከ || Ente tehayis / Aybke |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noske |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetke min te |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ana min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewa |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ele isitche ta |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልዬ || Welye |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ele hiche ta |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እብዬ ቱ || Eli ibye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ele imye ta |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ane sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hala |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ka ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteya ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hala? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ane egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aye egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበርዝ || Bambariz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aya egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aya erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hlina? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hlina |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteya hala? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higya ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit ta |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybka sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jera? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀርርኮ || Ane qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ane farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ana eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ana ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilka |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeye hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeya hala? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitna? |} rmym738w50yxauf5v3u3lx9ny52selh 4680689 4680688 2026-11-07T15:03:03Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 /* */ ንኢሽ አስነዮት 4680689 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! تقري - جعزية !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agda methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያም || Seni masyam |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titlike |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || እንተ ተሐይስ || Ente tehayis |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || እንተ ተሐይስ/ዐይብከ || Ente tehayis / Aybke |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noske |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetke min te |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ana min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewa |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ele isitche ta |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልዬ || Welye |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ele hiche ta |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እቡዬ ቱ || Eli buye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ele imye ta |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ane sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hala |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ka ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteya ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hala? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ane egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aye egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበርዝ || Bambariz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aya egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aya erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hlina? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hlina |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteya hala? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higya ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit ta |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybka sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jera? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀርርኮ || Ane qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ane farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ana eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ana ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilka |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeye hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeya hala? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitna? |} o11iadxtp5z0ef6v8o8d1qqztx444tz 4680690 4680689 2026-11-07T15:06:57Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 /* */ Small edits 4680690 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! تقري - جعزية !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agda methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያም || Seni masyam |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titlike |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || እንተ ተሐይስ || Ente tehayis |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || እንተ ተሐይስ/ዐይብከ || Ente tehayis / Aybke |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noske |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetke min te |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ana min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewa |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ele isitche ta |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልዬ || Welye |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ele hiche ta |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እቡዬ ቱ || Eli buye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ele imye ta |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ane sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hala |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ka ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteya ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hala? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ane egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aye egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበርዝ || Bambariz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aya egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aya erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hlina? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hlina |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteya hala? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higya ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit ta |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybka sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jera? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀርርኮ || Ana qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ana farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ana eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ana ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilka |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeya hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeya hala? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitna? |} rs8uu7nqagvfluje28ylzrorw25llih 4680782 4680690 2026-11-07T21:07:46Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 /* */ Small edits 4680782 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! تقري - جعزية !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agda methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያም || Seni masyam |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titlike |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || ዐፌኒ/ሳምሐኒ || Afeni/samhani |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || ሐሰብከ/ዐይብከ || Hasabka / Aybke |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noske |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetke min te |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ana min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewa |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ele isitche ta |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልዬ || Welye |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ele hiche ta |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እቡዬ ቱ || Eli buye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ele imye ta |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ane sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hala |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ka ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteya ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hala? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ane egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aye egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበርዝ || Bambariz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aya egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aya erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hlina? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hlina |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteya hala? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higya ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit ta |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybka sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jera? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀርርኮ || Ana qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ana farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ana eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ana ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilka |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeya hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeya hala? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitna? |} 3hje7pihrj6gkan7ghkk1e7jr9hwzwr 4680783 4680782 2026-11-07T21:08:58Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 /* */ Small edits 4680783 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! تقري - جعزية !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agda methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያም || Seni masyam |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titlike |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || ዐፌኒ/ሳምሐኒ || Afeni/samhani |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || ሐሰብከ/ዐይብከ || Hasabka / Aybka |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noske |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetke min ta |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ana min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewa |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ele isitche ta |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልዬ || Welye |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ele hiche ta |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እቡዬ ቱ || Eli buye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ele imye ta |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ane sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hala |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ka ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteya ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hala? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ane egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aye egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበርዝ || Bambariz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aya egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aya erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hlina? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hlina |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteya hala? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higya ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit ta |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybka sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jera? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀርርኮ || Ana qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ana farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ana eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ana ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilka |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeya hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeya hala? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitna? |} 3pbikt1dakxzohgacj656zg27fb7dl0 4680784 4680783 2026-11-07T21:10:04Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 /* */ Small edits 4680784 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! تقري - جعزية !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agda methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያም || Seni masyam |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titleka |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || ዐፌኒ/ሳምሐኒ || Afeni/samhani |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || ሐሰብከ/ዐይብከ || Hasabka / Aybka |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noske |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetke min ta |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ana min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewa |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ele isitche ta |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልዬ || Welye |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ele hiche ta |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እቡዬ ቱ || Eli buye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ele imye ta |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ane sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hala |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ka ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteya ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hala? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ane egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aye egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበርዝ || Bambariz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aya egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aya erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hlina? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hlina |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteya hala? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higya ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit ta |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybka sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jera? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀርርኮ || Ana qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ana farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ana eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ana ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilka |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeya hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeya hala? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitna? |} qtcxwawc83n0u5j7s3l11og28vne0ou 4680785 4680784 2026-11-07T21:18:53Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 /* */ Small edits 4680785 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! تقري - جعزية !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agda methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያም || Seni masyam |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titleka |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || ዐፌኒ/ሳምሐኒ || Afeni/samhani |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || ሐሰብከ/ዐይብከ || Hasabka / Aybka |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noska |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetka min ta |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ana min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewa |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ela isitche ta |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልዬ || Welye |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ela hiche ta |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እቡዬ ቱ || Eli buye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ela imye ta |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ana sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hala |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ka ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteya ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hala? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ana egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበርዝ || Bambariz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aya egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aya erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hlina? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hlina |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteya hala? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higya ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit ta |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybka sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jera? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀርርኮ || Ana qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ana farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ana eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ana ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilka |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeya hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeya hala? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitna? |} nt8dokgbmyy7tyjx0nzsz6vk79ljp0m 4680786 4680785 2026-11-07T21:24:27Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 /* */ ንኢሽ አስነዮት 4680786 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! تقري - جعزية !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agda methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያም || Seni masyam |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titleka |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || ዐፌኒ/ሳምሐኒ || Afeni/samhani |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || ሐሰብከ/ዐይብከ || Hasabka / Aybka |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noska |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetka min ta |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ana min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewa |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ela isitche ta |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልዬ || Welye |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ela hiche ta |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እቡዬ ቱ || Eli buye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ela imye ta |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ana sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hala |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ka ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteya ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hala? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ana egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበርዝ || Bambariz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aya egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aya erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hlina? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hlina |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteya hala? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higya ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit ta |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybka sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jera? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀረርኮ || Ana qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ana farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ana eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ana ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilka |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeya hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeya hala? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitna? |} ptswxmx0eedxf2o56m3lqx2igadzx30 4680788 4680786 2026-11-07T21:53:19Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 Added Tigre translations 61-120 - numbers, days, health 4680788 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! تقري - جعزية !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agda methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያም || Seni masyam |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titleka |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || ዐፌኒ/ሳምሐኒ || Afeni/samhani |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || ሐሰብከ/ዐይብከ || Hasabka / Aybka |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noska |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetka min ta |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ana min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewa |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ela isitche ta |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልዬ || Welye |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ela hiche ta |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እቡዬ ቱ || Eli buye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ela imye ta |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ana sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hala |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ka ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteya ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hala? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ana egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበርዝ || Bambariz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aya egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aya erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hlina? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hlina |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteya hala? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higya ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit ta |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybka sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jera? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀረርኮ || Ana qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ana farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ana eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ana ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilka |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeya hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeya hala? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitna? |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! تقري - جعزية !! Tigre - Latin !! العربية !! English !! Français !! Русский !! Deutsch !! Español !! Português |- | አምዕል || Am'il || يوم || Day || Jour || День || Tag || Día || Dia |- | ሳዐት || Sa'at || ساعة || Hour || Heure || Час || Stunde || Hora || Hora |- | ወርሕ || Werh || شهر || Month || Mois || Месяц || Monat || Mes || Mês |- | ሰኒ ቅሩብ || Seni qrub || قريباً جدا || Very soon || Très bientôt || Очень скоро || Sehr bald || Muy pronto || Muito em breve |- | ፈጅር || Fejer || غداً || Tomorrow || Demain || Завтра || Morgen || Mañana || Amanhã |- | ሐቆ ፈጅር || Haqo fejer || بعد غد || Day after tomorrow || Après-demain || Послезавтра || Übermorgen || Pasado mañana || Depois de amanhã |- | ትመጽእ ለህሌት ሳምን || Timetse' lehlet samin || الأسبوع القادم || Next week || La semaine prochaine || На следующей неделе || Nächste Woche || La próxima semana || Na próxima semana |- | እት ቅሩብ እዋን እግል አቅብል ቱ || Et qrub ewan egil aqbil tu || سأعود قريباً || I will return soon || Je reviendrai bientôt || Я скоро вернусь || Ich komme bald zurück || Volveré pronto || Voltarei em breve |- | ሐቴ/ዎሮ || Hate / Woro || واحد || One || Un || Один || Eins || Uno || Um |- | ክልኤ/ክልኦት || Kil'e / Kil'ot || اثنان || Two || Deux || Два || Zwei || Dos || Dois |- | ሰለስ/ ሰልአስ || Seles / Sel'as || ثلاثة || Three || Trois || Три || Drei || Tres || Três |- | አርበዕ || Arba' || أربعة || Four || Quatre || Четыре || Vier || Cuatro || Quatro |- | ሐምስ || Hams || خمسة || Five || Cinq || Пять || Fünf || Cinco || Cinco |- | ስስ || Sis || ستة || Six || Six || Шесть || Sechs || Seis || Seis |- | ሰቡዕ || Sebu' || سبعة || Seven || Sept || Семь || Sieben || Siete || Sete |- | ሰማን || Seman || ثمانية || Eight || Huit || Восемь || Acht || Ocho || Oito |- | ስዕ || Si' || تسعة || Nine || Neuf || Девять || Neun || Nueve || Nove |- | ዐስር || Asir || عشرة || Ten || Dix || Десять || Zehn || Diez || Dez |- | አትኒን || Etnin || الإثنين || Monday || Lundi || Понедельник || Montag || Lunes || Segunda-feira |- | አተሉት || Etelut || الثلاثاء || Tuesday || Mardi || Вторник || Dienstag || Martes || Terça-feira |- | አርቡዕ || Arbu' || الاربعاء || Wednesday || Mercredi || Среда || Mittwoch || Miércoles || Quarta-feira |- | ከሚስ || Kemis || الخميس || Thursday || Jeudi || Четверг || Donnerstag || Jueves || Quinta-feira |- | ጅምዐት || Jim'at || الجمعة || Friday || Vendredi || Пятница || Freitag || Viernes || Sexta-feira |- | ሰንበት ንኢሽ || Senbet ni'ish || السبت || Saturday || Samedi || Суббота || Samstag || Sábado || Sábado |- | ሰንበት ዐባይ || Senbet abay || الاحد || Sunday || Dimanche || Воскресенье || Sonntag || Domingo || Domingo |- | ዩናይር || Yunayir || كانون ثاني || January || Janvier || Январь || Januar || Enero || Janeiro |- | ፋብራይር || Fabrayir || شباط || February || Février || Февраль || Februar || Febrero || Fevereiro |- | ማርስ || Mars || آذار || March || Mars || Март || März || Marzo || Março |- | አፕሪል || April || نيسان || April || Avril || Апрель || April || Abril || Abril |- | ማዮ || Mayo || ايار || May || Mai || Май || Mai || Mayo || Maio |- | ዩንዮ || Yunyo || حزيران || June || Juin || Июнь || Juni || Junio || Junho |- | ዩልዮ || Yulyo || تموز || July || Juillet || Июль || Juli || Julio || Julho |- | አጎስቶስ || Agostos || آب || August || Août || Август || August || Agosto || Agosto |- | ሰብተምበር || Sebtember || ايلول || September || Septembre || Сентябрь || September || Septiembre || Setembro |- | ኦክቶበር || Oktober || تشرين أول || October || Octobre || Октябрь || Oktober || Octubre || Outubro |- | ኖቨምበር || November || تشرين ثاني || November || Novembre || Ноябрь || November || Noviembre || Novembro |- | ዲሰምበር || Disember || كانون أول || December || Décembre || Декабрь || Dezember || Diciembre || Dezembro |- | ዓፍየት || Afyet || الصحة || Health || Santé || Здоровье || Gesundheit || Salud || Saúde |- | አነ ሐኪም ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ana hakim haze hleko || انا بحاجة لطبيب || I need a doctor || J'ai besoin d'un médecin || Мне нужен врач || Ich brauche einen Arzt || Necesito un médico || Preciso de um médico |- | ዓፍየቼ ሰኔት ኢህሌት || Afyeche senet ihlet || صحتي ليست على مايرام || I am not feeling well || Je ne me sens pas bien || Я плохо себя чувствую || Mir geht es nicht gut || No me siento bien || Não me sinto bem |- | ጅናዬ ሕሙም ሀለ || Jinaye hmum hala || طفلي مريض || My child is sick || Mon enfant est malade || Мой ребенок болен || Mein Kind ist krank || Mi hijo está enfermo || Meu filho está doente |- | አነ ዐምሳት አነ || Ana amsat ana || انا حامل || I am pregnant || Je suis enceinte || Я беременна || Ich bin schwanger || Estoy embarazada || Estou grávida |- | ሐሳስየት ብእዬ || Hasasyet bi'ye || عندي حساسية || I have an allergy || J'ai une allergie || У меня аллергия || Ich habe eine Allergie || Tengo alergia || Tenho alergia |- | ረአሼ ያ ደውር ምንዴ/ እት ረአሼ ደወሻን ልትረኤኒ || Re'ashe ya dewer minde / et re'ashe deweshan litre'eni || احس بدوار في رأسي || I feel dizzy || J'ai des vertiges || У меня кружится голова || Mir ist schwindelig || Me siento mareado || Sinto tontura |- | ሕማም ስከሪ ብእዬ || Hmam skari bi'ye || عندي مرض السكر || I have diabetes || J'ai du diabète || У меня диабет || Ich habe Diabetes || Tengo diabetes || Tenho diabetes |- | ሰኒ እት ኣንሶሊን ሕጉዝ ህሌኮ || Seni et ansolin hguz hleko || انا بحاجة ماسة إلى إنسولين || I urgently need insulin || J'ai besoin d'insuline en urgence || Мне срочно нужен инсулин || Ich brauche dringend Insulin || Necesito insulina urgentemente || Preciso urgentemente de insulina |- | ትቃጨፈት || Tiqachefet || لقد اغتُصبت || I was raped || J'ai été violée || Меня изнасиловали || Ich wurde vergewaltigt || Fui violada || Fui estuprada |- | እት ከብጄ አለም ብእዬ || Et kebje alem bi'ye || عندي الم في بطني || I have stomach pain || J'ai mal au ventre || У меня болит живот || Ich habe Bauchschmerzen || Me duele el estómago || Estou com dor de barriga |- | ሐፋነት ብእዬ || Hafanet bi'ye || عندي حرارة || I have a fever || J'ai de la fièvre || У меня температура || Ich habe Fieber || Tengo fiebre || Estou com febre |- | ምን ወጀዕ ረአስ እጠርዕ || Min weje' re'as etare' || اعاني من صداع في الرأس || I have a headache || J'ai mal à la tête || У меня болит голова || Ich habe Kopfschmerzen || Me duele la cabeza || Estou com dor de cabeça |- | ስዕለት ብእዬ || Si'let bi'ye || عندي سعال || I have a cough || Je tousse || У меня кашель || Ich habe Husten || Tengo tos || Estou com tosse |- | ጅናዬ ስዕለት ቡ/ ሕልቅሙ እንትሁብ ሀለ || Jinaye si'let bu / hilqmu entihub hala || طفلي عنده سعال / حلقه ملتهب || My child has a cough / sore throat || Mon enfant tousse / a mal à la gorge || У моего ребенка кашель / болит горло || Mein Kind hustet / hat Halsschmerzen || Mi hijo tiene tos / dolor de garganta || Meu filho está com tosse / dor de garganta |- | ረሸን/ግንፈእ || Reshen / Ginfe' || رشح / زكام || Cold / flu || Rhume / grippe || Простуда / грипп || Erkältung / Grippe || Resfriado / gripe || Resfriado / gripe |- | ፍጋር || Fgar || إسهال || Diarrhea || Diarrhée || Понос || Durchfall || Diarrea || Diarreia |- | ጠቡጥ || Tbut || إمساك || Constipation || Constipation || Запор || Verstopfung || Estreñimiento || Constipação |- | እንትሃብ ጸልዐት እት ርሕም || Entihab tsil'at et rihim || التهاب فطري مهبلي || Vaginal fungal infection || Infection vaginale fongique || Вагинальная грибковая инфекция || Vaginale Pilzinfektion || Infección vaginal por hongos || Infecção vaginal fúngica |- | መሳራድ ጸልዐት እት እግር || Mesarad tsil'at et egir || إصابة فطرية في القدم || Fungal infection of the foot || Infection fongique du pied || Грибковая инфекция стопы || Pilzinfektion am Fuß || Infección por hongos en el pie || Infecção fúngica no pé |- | ቅመል እት ረአስ || Qimel et re'as || قمل في الرأس || Head lice || Poux de tête || Вши на голове || Kopfläuse || Piojos en la cabeza || Piolhos na cabeça |- | ክሳር/ነብረ || Ksar / Nebra || طعام || Food || Nourriture || Еда || Essen || Comida || Comida |- | ጸብሕ || Tsebh || الغداء || Lunch || Déjeuner || Обед || Mittagessen || Almuerzo || Almoço |} 1tk11gmith804thxlq0iwolwf1wfqz0 4680789 4680788 2026-11-07T21:55:37Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 /* */ ንኢሽ አስነዮት 4680789 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agda methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያም || Seni masyam |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titleka |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || ዐፌኒ/ሳምሐኒ || Afeni/samhani |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || ሐሰብከ/ዐይብከ || Hasabka / Aybka |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noska |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetka min ta |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ana min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewa |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ela isitche ta |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልዬ || Welye |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ela hiche ta |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እቡዬ ቱ || Eli buye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ela imye ta |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ana sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hala |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ka ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteya ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hala? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ana egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበርዝ || Bambariz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aya egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aya erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hlina? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hlina |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteya hala? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higya ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit ta |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybka sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jera? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀረርኮ || Ana qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ana farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ana eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ana ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilka |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeya hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeya hala? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitna? |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! Tigre - Latin !! العربية !! English !! Français !! Русский !! Deutsch !! Español !! Português |- | አምዕል || Am'il || يوم || Day || Jour || День || Tag || Día || Dia |- | ሳዐት || Sa'at || ساعة || Hour || Heure || Час || Stunde || Hora || Hora |- | ወርሕ || Werh || شهر || Month || Mois || Месяц || Monat || Mes || Mês |- | ሰኒ ቅሩብ || Seni qrub || قريباً جدا || Very soon || Très bientôt || Очень скоро || Sehr bald || Muy pronto || Muito em breve |- | ፈጅር || Fejer || غداً || Tomorrow || Demain || Завтра || Morgen || Mañana || Amanhã |- | ሐቆ ፈጅር || Haqo fejer || بعد غد || Day after tomorrow || Après-demain || Послезавтра || Übermorgen || Pasado mañana || Depois de amanhã |- | ትመጽእ ለህሌት ሳምን || Timetse' lehlet samin || الأسبوع القادم || Next week || La semaine prochaine || На следующей неделе || Nächste Woche || La próxima semana || Na próxima semana |- | እት ቅሩብ እዋን እግል አቅብል ቱ || Et qrub ewan egil aqbil tu || سأعود قريباً || I will return soon || Je reviendrai bientôt || Я скоро вернусь || Ich komme bald zurück || Volveré pronto || Voltarei em breve |- | ሐቴ/ዎሮ || Hate / Woro || واحد || One || Un || Один || Eins || Uno || Um |- | ክልኤ/ክልኦት || Kil'e / Kil'ot || اثنان || Two || Deux || Два || Zwei || Dos || Dois |- | ሰለስ/ ሰልአስ || Seles / Sel'as || ثلاثة || Three || Trois || Три || Drei || Tres || Três |- | አርበዕ || Arba' || أربعة || Four || Quatre || Четыре || Vier || Cuatro || Quatro |- | ሐምስ || Hams || خمسة || Five || Cinq || Пять || Fünf || Cinco || Cinco |- | ስስ || Sis || ستة || Six || Six || Шесть || Sechs || Seis || Seis |- | ሰቡዕ || Sebu' || سبعة || Seven || Sept || Семь || Sieben || Siete || Sete |- | ሰማን || Seman || ثمانية || Eight || Huit || Восемь || Acht || Ocho || Oito |- | ስዕ || Si' || تسعة || Nine || Neuf || Девять || Neun || Nueve || Nove |- | ዐስር || Asir || عشرة || Ten || Dix || Десять || Zehn || Diez || Dez |- | አትኒን || Etnin || الإثنين || Monday || Lundi || Понедельник || Montag || Lunes || Segunda-feira |- | አተሉት || Etelut || الثلاثاء || Tuesday || Mardi || Вторник || Dienstag || Martes || Terça-feira |- | አርቡዕ || Arbu' || الاربعاء || Wednesday || Mercredi || Среда || Mittwoch || Miércoles || Quarta-feira |- | ከሚስ || Kemis || الخميس || Thursday || Jeudi || Четверг || Donnerstag || Jueves || Quinta-feira |- | ጅምዐት || Jim'at || الجمعة || Friday || Vendredi || Пятница || Freitag || Viernes || Sexta-feira |- | ሰንበት ንኢሽ || Senbet ni'ish || السبت || Saturday || Samedi || Суббота || Samstag || Sábado || Sábado |- | ሰንበት ዐባይ || Senbet abay || الاحد || Sunday || Dimanche || Воскресенье || Sonntag || Domingo || Domingo |- | ዩናይር || Yunayir || كانون ثاني || January || Janvier || Январь || Januar || Enero || Janeiro |- | ፋብራይር || Fabrayir || شباط || February || Février || Февраль || Februar || Febrero || Fevereiro |- | ማርስ || Mars || آذار || March || Mars || Март || März || Marzo || Março |- | አፕሪል || April || نيسان || April || Avril || Апрель || April || Abril || Abril |- | ማዮ || Mayo || ايار || May || Mai || Май || Mai || Mayo || Maio |- | ዩንዮ || Yunyo || حزيران || June || Juin || Июнь || Juni || Junio || Junho |- | ዩልዮ || Yulyo || تموز || July || Juillet || Июль || Juli || Julio || Julho |- | አጎስቶስ || Agostos || آب || August || Août || Август || August || Agosto || Agosto |- | ሰብተምበር || Sebtember || ايلول || September || Septembre || Сентябрь || September || Septiembre || Setembro |- | ኦክቶበር || Oktober || تشرين أول || October || Octobre || Октябрь || Oktober || Octubre || Outubro |- | ኖቨምበር || November || تشرين ثاني || November || Novembre || Ноябрь || November || Noviembre || Novembro |- | ዲሰምበር || Disember || كانون أول || December || Décembre || Декабрь || Dezember || Diciembre || Dezembro |- | ዓፍየት || Afyet || الصحة || Health || Santé || Здоровье || Gesundheit || Salud || Saúde |- | አነ ሐኪም ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ana hakim haze hleko || انا بحاجة لطبيب || I need a doctor || J'ai besoin d'un médecin || Мне нужен врач || Ich brauche einen Arzt || Necesito un médico || Preciso de um médico |- | ዓፍየቼ ሰኔት ኢህሌት || Afyeche senet ihlet || صحتي ليست على مايرام || I am not feeling well || Je ne me sens pas bien || Я плохо себя чувствую || Mir geht es nicht gut || No me siento bien || Não me sinto bem |- | ጅናዬ ሕሙም ሀለ || Jinaye hmum hala || طفلي مريض || My child is sick || Mon enfant est malade || Мой ребенок болен || Mein Kind ist krank || Mi hijo está enfermo || Meu filho está doente |- | አነ ዐምሳት አነ || Ana amsat ana || انا حامل || I am pregnant || Je suis enceinte || Я беременна || Ich bin schwanger || Estoy embarazada || Estou grávida |- | ሐሳስየት ብእዬ || Hasasyet bi'ye || عندي حساسية || I have an allergy || J'ai une allergie || У меня аллергия || Ich habe eine Allergie || Tengo alergia || Tenho alergia |- | ረአሼ ያ ደውር ምንዴ/ እት ረአሼ ደወሻን ልትረኤኒ || Re'ashe ya dewer minde / et re'ashe deweshan litre'eni || احس بدوار في رأسي || I feel dizzy || J'ai des vertiges || У меня кружится голова || Mir ist schwindelig || Me siento mareado || Sinto tontura |- | ሕማም ስከሪ ብእዬ || Hmam skari bi'ye || عندي مرض السكر || I have diabetes || J'ai du diabète || У меня диабет || Ich habe Diabetes || Tengo diabetes || Tenho diabetes |- | ሰኒ እት ኣንሶሊን ሕጉዝ ህሌኮ || Seni et ansolin hguz hleko || انا بحاجة ماسة إلى إنسولين || I urgently need insulin || J'ai besoin d'insuline en urgence || Мне срочно нужен инсулин || Ich brauche dringend Insulin || Necesito insulina urgentemente || Preciso urgentemente de insulina |- | ትቃጨፈት || Tiqachefet || لقد اغتُصبت || I was raped || J'ai été violée || Меня изнасиловали || Ich wurde vergewaltigt || Fui violada || Fui estuprada |- | እት ከብጄ አለም ብእዬ || Et kebje alem bi'ye || عندي الم في بطني || I have stomach pain || J'ai mal au ventre || У меня болит живот || Ich habe Bauchschmerzen || Me duele el estómago || Estou com dor de barriga |- | ሐፋነት ብእዬ || Hafanet bi'ye || عندي حرارة || I have a fever || J'ai de la fièvre || У меня температура || Ich habe Fieber || Tengo fiebre || Estou com febre |- | ምን ወጀዕ ረአስ እጠርዕ || Min weje' re'as etare' || اعاني من صداع في الرأس || I have a headache || J'ai mal à la tête || У меня болит голова || Ich habe Kopfschmerzen || Me duele la cabeza || Estou com dor de cabeça |- | ስዕለት ብእዬ || Si'let bi'ye || عندي سعال || I have a cough || Je tousse || У меня кашель || Ich habe Husten || Tengo tos || Estou com tosse |- | ጅናዬ ስዕለት ቡ/ ሕልቅሙ እንትሁብ ሀለ || Jinaye si'let bu / hilqmu entihub hala || طفلي عنده سعال / حلقه ملتهب || My child has a cough / sore throat || Mon enfant tousse / a mal à la gorge || У моего ребенка кашель / болит горло || Mein Kind hustet / hat Halsschmerzen || Mi hijo tiene tos / dolor de garganta || Meu filho está com tosse / dor de garganta |- | ረሸን/ግንፈእ || Reshen / Ginfe' || رشح / زكام || Cold / flu || Rhume / grippe || Простуда / грипп || Erkältung / Grippe || Resfriado / gripe || Resfriado / gripe |- | ፍጋር || Fgar || إسهال || Diarrhea || Diarrhée || Понос || Durchfall || Diarrea || Diarreia |- | ጠቡጥ || Tbut || إمساك || Constipation || Constipation || Запор || Verstopfung || Estreñimiento || Constipação |- | እንትሃብ ጸልዐት እት ርሕም || Entihab tsil'at et rihim || التهاب فطري مهبلي || Vaginal fungal infection || Infection vaginale fongique || Вагинальная грибковая инфекция || Vaginale Pilzinfektion || Infección vaginal por hongos || Infecção vaginal fúngica |- | መሳራድ ጸልዐት እት እግር || Mesarad tsil'at et egir || إصابة فطرية في القدم || Fungal infection of the foot || Infection fongique du pied || Грибковая инфекция стопы || Pilzinfektion am Fuß || Infección por hongos en el pie || Infecção fúngica no pé |- | ቅመል እት ረአስ || Qimel et re'as || قمل في الرأس || Head lice || Poux de tête || Вши на голове || Kopfläuse || Piojos en la cabeza || Piolhos na cabeça |- | ክሳር/ነብረ || Ksar / Nebra || طعام || Food || Nourriture || Еда || Essen || Comida || Comida |- | ጸብሕ || Tsebh || الغداء || Lunch || Déjeuner || Обед || Mittagessen || Almuerzo || Almoço |} 8xk8co9bj389kmspvipys420zar1gf7 4680791 4680789 2026-11-07T22:02:49Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 Added Tigre translations 121-180 - food, clothes, directions 4680791 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agda methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያም || Seni masyam |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titleka |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || ዐፌኒ/ሳምሐኒ || Afeni/samhani |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || ሐሰብከ/ዐይብከ || Hasabka / Aybka |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noska |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetka min ta |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ana min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewa |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ela isitche ta |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልዬ || Welye |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ela hiche ta |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እቡዬ ቱ || Eli buye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ela imye ta |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ana sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hala |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ka ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteya ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hala? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ana egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበርዝ || Bambariz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aya egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aya erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hlina? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hlina |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteya hala? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higya ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit ta |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybka sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jera? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀረርኮ || Ana qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ana farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ana eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ana ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilka |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeya hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeya hala? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitna? |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! Tigre - Latin !! العربية !! English !! Français !! Русский !! Deutsch !! Español !! Português |- | አምዕል || Am'il || يوم || Day || Jour || День || Tag || Día || Dia |- | ሳዐት || Sa'at || ساعة || Hour || Heure || Час || Stunde || Hora || Hora |- | ወርሕ || Werh || شهر || Month || Mois || Месяц || Monat || Mes || Mês |- | ሰኒ ቅሩብ || Seni qrub || قريباً جدا || Very soon || Très bientôt || Очень скоро || Sehr bald || Muy pronto || Muito em breve |- | ፈጅር || Fejer || غداً || Tomorrow || Demain || Завтра || Morgen || Mañana || Amanhã |- | ሐቆ ፈጅር || Haqo fejer || بعد غد || Day after tomorrow || Après-demain || Послезавтра || Übermorgen || Pasado mañana || Depois de amanhã |- | ትመጽእ ለህሌት ሳምን || Timetse' lehlet samin || الأسبوع القادم || Next week || La semaine prochaine || На следующей неделе || Nächste Woche || La próxima semana || Na próxima semana |- | እት ቅሩብ እዋን እግል አቅብል ቱ || Et qrub ewan egil aqbil tu || سأعود قريباً || I will return soon || Je reviendrai bientôt || Я скоро вернусь || Ich komme bald zurück || Volveré pronto || Voltarei em breve |- | ሐቴ/ዎሮ || Hate / Woro || واحد || One || Un || Один || Eins || Uno || Um |- | ክልኤ/ክልኦት || Kil'e / Kil'ot || اثنان || Two || Deux || Два || Zwei || Dos || Dois |- | ሰለስ/ ሰልአስ || Seles / Sel'as || ثلاثة || Three || Trois || Три || Drei || Tres || Três |- | አርበዕ || Arba' || أربعة || Four || Quatre || Четыре || Vier || Cuatro || Quatro |- | ሐምስ || Hams || خمسة || Five || Cinq || Пять || Fünf || Cinco || Cinco |- | ስስ || Sis || ستة || Six || Six || Шесть || Sechs || Seis || Seis |- | ሰቡዕ || Sebu' || سبعة || Seven || Sept || Семь || Sieben || Siete || Sete |- | ሰማን || Seman || ثمانية || Eight || Huit || Восемь || Acht || Ocho || Oito |- | ስዕ || Si' || تسعة || Nine || Neuf || Девять || Neun || Nueve || Nove |- | ዐስር || Asir || عشرة || Ten || Dix || Десять || Zehn || Diez || Dez |- | አትኒን || Etnin || الإثنين || Monday || Lundi || Понедельник || Montag || Lunes || Segunda-feira |- | አተሉት || Etelut || الثلاثاء || Tuesday || Mardi || Вторник || Dienstag || Martes || Terça-feira |- | አርቡዕ || Arbu' || الاربعاء || Wednesday || Mercredi || Среда || Mittwoch || Miércoles || Quarta-feira |- | ከሚስ || Kemis || الخميس || Thursday || Jeudi || Четверг || Donnerstag || Jueves || Quinta-feira |- | ጅምዐት || Jim'at || الجمعة || Friday || Vendredi || Пятница || Freitag || Viernes || Sexta-feira |- | ሰንበት ንኢሽ || Senbet ni'ish || السبت || Saturday || Samedi || Суббота || Samstag || Sábado || Sábado |- | ሰንበት ዐባይ || Senbet abay || الاحد || Sunday || Dimanche || Воскресенье || Sonntag || Domingo || Domingo |- | ዩናይር || Yunayir || كانون ثاني || January || Janvier || Январь || Januar || Enero || Janeiro |- | ፋብራይር || Fabrayir || شباط || February || Février || Февраль || Februar || Febrero || Fevereiro |- | ማርስ || Mars || آذار || March || Mars || Март || März || Marzo || Março |- | አፕሪል || April || نيسان || April || Avril || Апрель || April || Abril || Abril |- | ማዮ || Mayo || ايار || May || Mai || Май || Mai || Mayo || Maio |- | ዩንዮ || Yunyo || حزيران || June || Juin || Июнь || Juni || Junio || Junho |- | ዩልዮ || Yulyo || تموز || July || Juillet || Июль || Juli || Julio || Julho |- | አጎስቶስ || Agostos || آب || August || Août || Август || August || Agosto || Agosto |- | ሰብተምበር || Sebtember || ايلول || September || Septembre || Сентябрь || September || Septiembre || Setembro |- | ኦክቶበር || Oktober || تشرين أول || October || Octobre || Октябрь || Oktober || Octubre || Outubro |- | ኖቨምበር || November || تشرين ثاني || November || Novembre || Ноябрь || November || Noviembre || Novembro |- | ዲሰምበር || Disember || كانون أول || December || Décembre || Декабрь || Dezember || Diciembre || Dezembro |- | ዓፍየት || Afyet || الصحة || Health || Santé || Здоровье || Gesundheit || Salud || Saúde |- | አነ ሐኪም ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ana hakim haze hleko || انا بحاجة لطبيب || I need a doctor || J'ai besoin d'un médecin || Мне нужен врач || Ich brauche einen Arzt || Necesito un médico || Preciso de um médico |- | ዓፍየቼ ሰኔት ኢህሌት || Afyeche senet ihlet || صحتي ليست على مايرام || I am not feeling well || Je ne me sens pas bien || Я плохо себя чувствую || Mir geht es nicht gut || No me siento bien || Não me sinto bem |- | ጅናዬ ሕሙም ሀለ || Jinaye hmum hala || طفلي مريض || My child is sick || Mon enfant est malade || Мой ребенок болен || Mein Kind ist krank || Mi hijo está enfermo || Meu filho está doente |- | አነ ዐምሳት አነ || Ana amsat ana || انا حامل || I am pregnant || Je suis enceinte || Я беременна || Ich bin schwanger || Estoy embarazada || Estou grávida |- | ሐሳስየት ብእዬ || Hasasyet bi'ye || عندي حساسية || I have an allergy || J'ai une allergie || У меня аллергия || Ich habe eine Allergie || Tengo alergia || Tenho alergia |- | ረአሼ ያ ደውር ምንዴ/ እት ረአሼ ደወሻን ልትረኤኒ || Re'ashe ya dewer minde / et re'ashe deweshan litre'eni || احس بدوار في رأسي || I feel dizzy || J'ai des vertiges || У меня кружится голова || Mir ist schwindelig || Me siento mareado || Sinto tontura |- | ሕማም ስከሪ ብእዬ || Hmam skari bi'ye || عندي مرض السكر || I have diabetes || J'ai du diabète || У меня диабет || Ich habe Diabetes || Tengo diabetes || Tenho diabetes |- | ሰኒ እት ኣንሶሊን ሕጉዝ ህሌኮ || Seni et ansolin hguz hleko || انا بحاجة ماسة إلى إنسولين || I urgently need insulin || J'ai besoin d'insuline en urgence || Мне срочно нужен инсулин || Ich brauche dringend Insulin || Necesito insulina urgentemente || Preciso urgentemente de insulina |- | ትቃጨፈት || Tiqachefet || لقد اغتُصبت || I was raped || J'ai été violée || Меня изнасиловали || Ich wurde vergewaltigt || Fui violada || Fui estuprada |- | እት ከብጄ አለም ብእዬ || Et kebje alem bi'ye || عندي الم في بطني || I have stomach pain || J'ai mal au ventre || У меня болит живот || Ich habe Bauchschmerzen || Me duele el estómago || Estou com dor de barriga |- | ሐፋነት ብእዬ || Hafanet bi'ye || عندي حرارة || I have a fever || J'ai de la fièvre || У меня температура || Ich habe Fieber || Tengo fiebre || Estou com febre |- | ምን ወጀዕ ረአስ እጠርዕ || Min weje' re'as etare' || اعاني من صداع في الرأس || I have a headache || J'ai mal à la tête || У меня болит голова || Ich habe Kopfschmerzen || Me duele la cabeza || Estou com dor de cabeça |- | ስዕለት ብእዬ || Si'let bi'ye || عندي سعال || I have a cough || Je tousse || У меня кашель || Ich habe Husten || Tengo tos || Estou com tosse |- | ጅናዬ ስዕለት ቡ/ ሕልቅሙ እንትሁብ ሀለ || Jinaye si'let bu / hilqmu entihub hala || طفلي عنده سعال / حلقه ملتهب || My child has a cough / sore throat || Mon enfant tousse / a mal à la gorge || У моего ребенка кашель / болит горло || Mein Kind hustet / hat Halsschmerzen || Mi hijo tiene tos / dolor de garganta || Meu filho está com tosse / dor de garganta |- | ረሸን/ግንፈእ || Reshen / Ginfe' || رشح / زكام || Cold / flu || Rhume / grippe || Простуда / грипп || Erkältung / Grippe || Resfriado / gripe || Resfriado / gripe |- | ፍጋር || Fgar || إسهال || Diarrhea || Diarrhée || Понос || Durchfall || Diarrea || Diarreia |- | ጠቡጥ || Tbut || إمساك || Constipation || Constipation || Запор || Verstopfung || Estreñimiento || Constipação |- | እንትሃብ ጸልዐት እት ርሕም || Entihab tsil'at et rihim || التهاب فطري مهبلي || Vaginal fungal infection || Infection vaginale fongique || Вагинальная грибковая инфекция || Vaginale Pilzinfektion || Infección vaginal por hongos || Infecção vaginal fúngica |- | መሳራድ ጸልዐት እት እግር || Mesarad tsil'at et egir || إصابة فطرية في القدم || Fungal infection of the foot || Infection fongique du pied || Грибковая инфекция стопы || Pilzinfektion am Fuß || Infección por hongos en el pie || Infecção fúngica no pé |- | ቅመል እት ረአስ || Qimel et re'as || قمل في الرأس || Head lice || Poux de tête || Вши на голове || Kopfläuse || Piojos en la cabeza || Piolhos na cabeça |- | ክሳር/ነብረ || Ksar / Nebra || طعام || Food || Nourriture || Еда || Essen || Comida || Comida |- | ጸብሕ || Tsebh || الغداء || Lunch || Déjeuner || Обед || Mittagessen || Almuerzo || Almoço |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! العربي !! English !! Français !! Русский !! Deutsch !! Español !! Português |- | ድራር || العشاء || Dinner || Dîner || Ужин || Abendessen || Cena || Jantar |- | እለ ነብረ ሐላል ተ? || هل هذا الطعام حلال؟ || Is this food halal? || Cette nourriture est-elle halal? || Эта еда халяльная? || Ist dieses Essen halal? || ¿Esta comida es halal? || Esta comida é halal? |- | አነ ድድ ___ሐሳስየት ብእዬ || انا عندي حساسية ضد ___ || I am allergic to ___ || Je suis allergique à ___ || У меня аллергия на ___ || Ich bin allergisch gegen ___ || Tengo alergia a ___ || Tenho alergia a ___ |- | ስገ ሐሰማ || لحم خنزير || Pork || Porc || Свинина || Schweinefleisch || Cerdo || Carne de porco |- | ሰራይር || طيور || Birds / Poultry || Volailles || Птица || Geflügel || Aves || Aves |- | አነ ስገ ሐሰማ/ከንዚር የእበልዕ || أنا لا آكل لحم الخنزير || I don't eat pork || Je ne mange pas de porc || Я не ем свинину || Ich esse kein Schweinefleisch || No como cerdo || Não como carne de porco |- | አነ ስገ ወ ዓሰ የእበልዕ ነባቲ አነ || انا نباتي لا اكل لحمة ولا سمك || I am vegetarian, I don't eat meat or fish || Je suis végétarien, je ne mange ni viande ni poisson || Я вегетарианец, я не ем мясо и рыбу || Ich bin Vegetarier, ich esse kein Fleisch und keinen Fisch || Soy vegetariano, no como carne ni pescado || Sou vegetariano, não como carne nem peixe |- | አነ ብልዓይ ሐመሊት አነ || انا خُضري || I am vegan || Je suis vegan || Я веган || Ich bin Veganer || Soy vegano || Sou vegano |- | ዓሰ || سمك || Fish || Poisson || Рыба || Fisch || Pescado || Peixe |- | ሕበዝ || خبز || Bread || Pain || Хлеб || Brot || Pan || Pão |- | ማይ || ماء || Water || Eau || Вода || Wasser || Agua || Água |- | ጭመም ለይሙን || ليموناضة || Lemonade || Limonade || Лимонад || Limonade || Limonada || Limonada |- | ሐሊብ || حليب || Milk || Lait || Молоко || Milch || Leche || Leite |- | ቡን || قهوة || Coffee || Café || Кофе || Kaffee || Café || Café |- | ሻሂ || شاي || Tea || Thé || Чай || Tee || Té || Chá |- | ቢረት || بيرة || Beer || Bière || Пиво || Bier || Cerveza || Cerveja |- | ፍሬተት || فاكهة || Fruit || Fruit || Фрукты || Obst || Fruta || Fruta |- | ትፈሕ || تفاح || Apple || Pomme || Яблоко || Apfel || Manzana || Maçã |- | እጃዝ/ከምሸሪ || اجاص / كمثرى || Pear || Poire || Груша || Birne || Pera || Pera |- | ጁሪብፍሩት || جريبفروت || Grapefruit || Pamplemousse || Грейпфрут || Grapefruit || Pomelo || Toranja |- | ምሽምሽ || مشمش || Apricot || Abricot || Абрикос || Aprikose || Albaricoque || Damasco |- | በጣጣ || بطاطا || Potato || Pomme de terre || Картофель || Kartoffel || Patata || Batata |- | ፋሱልየት አክደር/ፉል || فاصوليا خضراء / فول || Green beans / Fava beans || Haricots verts / Fèves || Зеленая фасоль / Бобы || Grüne Bohnen / Dicke Bohnen || Judías verdes / Habas || Feijão verde / Fava |- | ባዝላእ || بازلاء || Peas || Petits pois || Горох || Erbsen || Guisantes || Ervilhas |- | ሕምስ || حمص || Chickpeas || Pois chiches || Нут || Kichererbsen || Garbanzos || Grão-de-bico |- | ባዝንጃን || باذنجان || Eggplant || Aubergine || Баклажан || Aubergine || Berenjena || Berinjela |- | ካሮት || جزر || Carrots || Carottes || Морковь || Karotten || Zanahorias || Cenouras |- | ጠማጥም/ከመዶረ || طماطم / بنادورة || Tomato || Tomate || Помидор || Tomate || Tomate || Tomate |- | ለፈት || لفت || Turnip || Navet || Репа || Rübe || Nabo || Nabo |- | ጥሒን || طحين || Flour || Farine || Мука || Mehl || Harina || Farinha |- | መዐር || عسل || Honey || Miel || Мед || Honig || Miel || Mel |- | ጅብነት || جبنة || Cheese || Fromage || Сыр || Käse || Queso || Queijo |- | ልሜት || لبنة || Labneh / Strained yogurt || Labneh || Лябне || Labneh || Labneh || Labneh |- | ጉዕ || فلفل || Pepper / Chili || Poivre / Piment || Перец || Pfeffer / Chili || Pimienta / Chile || Pimenta / Pimentão |- | ጉዕ አክደር || فلفل أخضر || Green pepper || Poivron vert || Зеленый перец || Grüne Paprika || Pimiento verde || Pimentão verde |- | ሰልሰት || صلصة || Sauce || Sauce || Соус || Soße || Salsa || Molho |- | ዝብደት || زبدة || Butter || Beurre || Масло || Butter || Mantequilla || Manteiga |- | ዜት || زيت || Oil || Huile || Масло || Öl || Aceite || Óleo |- | ልባን || علكة / لبان || Chewing gum || Chewing-gum || Жевательная резинка || Kaugummi || Chicle || Chiclete |- | መልዐቀት/መንካ || ملعقة || Spoon || Cuillère || Ложка || Löffel || Cuchara || Colher |- | ጀርደት/መላጤ || سكين || Knife || Couteau || Нож || Messer || Cuchillo || Faca |- | ሰሓን || طبق || Plate || Assiette || Тарелка || Teller || Plato || Prato |- | ካስ || كأس || Glass || Verre || Стакан || Glas || Vaso || Copo |- | ክባየት || كاسة || Cup || Tasse || Чашка || Tasse || Taza || Xícara |- | በራድ ሻሂ || ابريق شاي || Teapot || Théière || Чайник || Teekanne || Tetera || Bule de chá |- | መላብስ || ملابس || Clothes || Vêtements || Одежда || Kleidung || Ropa || Roupas |- | ቀሚስ || قميص || Shirt || Chemise || Рубашка || Hemd || Camisa || Camisa |- | ፍስታን || فستان || Dress || Robe || Платье || Kleid || Vestido || Vestido |- | እስኬርቲ || تنورة || Skirt || Jupe || Юбка || Rock || Falda || Saia |- | በንጠሎን/ስርዋን || بِنْطال / سروال || Trousers / Pants || Pantalon || Брюки || Hose || Pantalón || Calças |- | ስዊተር || كنزة صوف || Sweater || Pull || Свитер || Pullover || Suéter || Suéter |- | ጅበት || جاكِيت / مِعْطَف || Jacket / Coat || Veste / Manteau || Куртка / Пальто || Jacke / Mantel || Chaqueta / Abrigo || Jaqueta / Casaco |- | ዕማም || حجاب || Hijab || Hijab || Хиджаб || Hijab || Hiyab || Hijab |- | መርኩብ || حذاء كندرة || Shoes || Chaussures || Обувь || Schuhe || Zapatos || Sapatos |- | ቀፋዛት || قفازات || Gloves || Gants || Перчатки || Handschuhe || Guantes || Luvas |- | ሽራባት || كلسات || Socks || Chaussettes || Носки || Socken || Calcetines || Meias |- | መላብስ ጅወ || ملابس داخلية || Underwear || Sous-vêtements || Нижнее белье || Unterwäsche || Ropa interior || Roupa íntima |- | አንክራት || الجهات || Directions || Directions || Направления || Richtungen || Direcciones || Direções |- | ቅብለት || شمال || North || Nord || Север || Norden || Norte || Norte |- | ግብለት || جنوب || South || Sud || Юг || Süden || Sur || Sul |} fvjmexx2s0ovbqlclb4eed6so6fq4yd 4680792 4680791 2026-11-07T22:09:37Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 Added Tigre translations 181-234 - directions, places, transport 4680792 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agda methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያም || Seni masyam |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titleka |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || ዐፌኒ/ሳምሐኒ || Afeni/samhani |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || ሐሰብከ/ዐይብከ || Hasabka / Aybka |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noska |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetka min ta |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ana min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewa |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ela isitche ta |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልዬ || Welye |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ela hiche ta |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እቡዬ ቱ || Eli buye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ela imye ta |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ana sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hala |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ka ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteya ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hala? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ana egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበርዝ || Bambariz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aya egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aya erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hlina? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hlina |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteya hala? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higya ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit ta |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybka sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jera? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀረርኮ || Ana qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ana farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ana eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ana ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilka |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeya hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeya hala? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitna? |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! Tigre - Latin !! العربية !! English !! Français !! Русский !! Deutsch !! Español !! Português |- | አምዕል || Am'il || يوم || Day || Jour || День || Tag || Día || Dia |- | ሳዐት || Sa'at || ساعة || Hour || Heure || Час || Stunde || Hora || Hora |- | ወርሕ || Werh || شهر || Month || Mois || Месяц || Monat || Mes || Mês |- | ሰኒ ቅሩብ || Seni qrub || قريباً جدا || Very soon || Très bientôt || Очень скоро || Sehr bald || Muy pronto || Muito em breve |- | ፈጅር || Fejer || غداً || Tomorrow || Demain || Завтра || Morgen || Mañana || Amanhã |- | ሐቆ ፈጅር || Haqo fejer || بعد غد || Day after tomorrow || Après-demain || Послезавтра || Übermorgen || Pasado mañana || Depois de amanhã |- | ትመጽእ ለህሌት ሳምን || Timetse' lehlet samin || الأسبوع القادم || Next week || La semaine prochaine || На следующей неделе || Nächste Woche || La próxima semana || Na próxima semana |- | እት ቅሩብ እዋን እግል አቅብል ቱ || Et qrub ewan egil aqbil tu || سأعود قريباً || I will return soon || Je reviendrai bientôt || Я скоро вернусь || Ich komme bald zurück || Volveré pronto || Voltarei em breve |- | ሐቴ/ዎሮ || Hate / Woro || واحد || One || Un || Один || Eins || Uno || Um |- | ክልኤ/ክልኦት || Kil'e / Kil'ot || اثنان || Two || Deux || Два || Zwei || Dos || Dois |- | ሰለስ/ ሰልአስ || Seles / Sel'as || ثلاثة || Three || Trois || Три || Drei || Tres || Três |- | አርበዕ || Arba' || أربعة || Four || Quatre || Четыре || Vier || Cuatro || Quatro |- | ሐምስ || Hams || خمسة || Five || Cinq || Пять || Fünf || Cinco || Cinco |- | ስስ || Sis || ستة || Six || Six || Шесть || Sechs || Seis || Seis |- | ሰቡዕ || Sebu' || سبعة || Seven || Sept || Семь || Sieben || Siete || Sete |- | ሰማን || Seman || ثمانية || Eight || Huit || Восемь || Acht || Ocho || Oito |- | ስዕ || Si' || تسعة || Nine || Neuf || Девять || Neun || Nueve || Nove |- | ዐስር || Asir || عشرة || Ten || Dix || Десять || Zehn || Diez || Dez |- | አትኒን || Etnin || الإثنين || Monday || Lundi || Понедельник || Montag || Lunes || Segunda-feira |- | አተሉት || Etelut || الثلاثاء || Tuesday || Mardi || Вторник || Dienstag || Martes || Terça-feira |- | አርቡዕ || Arbu' || الاربعاء || Wednesday || Mercredi || Среда || Mittwoch || Miércoles || Quarta-feira |- | ከሚስ || Kemis || الخميس || Thursday || Jeudi || Четверг || Donnerstag || Jueves || Quinta-feira |- | ጅምዐት || Jim'at || الجمعة || Friday || Vendredi || Пятница || Freitag || Viernes || Sexta-feira |- | ሰንበት ንኢሽ || Senbet ni'ish || السبت || Saturday || Samedi || Суббота || Samstag || Sábado || Sábado |- | ሰንበት ዐባይ || Senbet abay || الاحد || Sunday || Dimanche || Воскресенье || Sonntag || Domingo || Domingo |- | ዩናይር || Yunayir || كانون ثاني || January || Janvier || Январь || Januar || Enero || Janeiro |- | ፋብራይር || Fabrayir || شباط || February || Février || Февраль || Februar || Febrero || Fevereiro |- | ማርስ || Mars || آذار || March || Mars || Март || März || Marzo || Março |- | አፕሪል || April || نيسان || April || Avril || Апрель || April || Abril || Abril |- | ማዮ || Mayo || ايار || May || Mai || Май || Mai || Mayo || Maio |- | ዩንዮ || Yunyo || حزيران || June || Juin || Июнь || Juni || Junio || Junho |- | ዩልዮ || Yulyo || تموز || July || Juillet || Июль || Juli || Julio || Julho |- | አጎስቶስ || Agostos || آب || August || Août || Август || August || Agosto || Agosto |- | ሰብተምበር || Sebtember || ايلول || September || Septembre || Сентябрь || September || Septiembre || Setembro |- | ኦክቶበር || Oktober || تشرين أول || October || Octobre || Октябрь || Oktober || Octubre || Outubro |- | ኖቨምበር || November || تشرين ثاني || November || Novembre || Ноябрь || November || Noviembre || Novembro |- | ዲሰምበር || Disember || كانون أول || December || Décembre || Декабрь || Dezember || Diciembre || Dezembro |- | ዓፍየት || Afyet || الصحة || Health || Santé || Здоровье || Gesundheit || Salud || Saúde |- | አነ ሐኪም ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ana hakim haze hleko || انا بحاجة لطبيب || I need a doctor || J'ai besoin d'un médecin || Мне нужен врач || Ich brauche einen Arzt || Necesito un médico || Preciso de um médico |- | ዓፍየቼ ሰኔት ኢህሌት || Afyeche senet ihlet || صحتي ليست على مايرام || I am not feeling well || Je ne me sens pas bien || Я плохо себя чувствую || Mir geht es nicht gut || No me siento bien || Não me sinto bem |- | ጅናዬ ሕሙም ሀለ || Jinaye hmum hala || طفلي مريض || My child is sick || Mon enfant est malade || Мой ребенок болен || Mein Kind ist krank || Mi hijo está enfermo || Meu filho está doente |- | አነ ዐምሳት አነ || Ana amsat ana || انا حامل || I am pregnant || Je suis enceinte || Я беременна || Ich bin schwanger || Estoy embarazada || Estou grávida |- | ሐሳስየት ብእዬ || Hasasyet bi'ye || عندي حساسية || I have an allergy || J'ai une allergie || У меня аллергия || Ich habe eine Allergie || Tengo alergia || Tenho alergia |- | ረአሼ ያ ደውር ምንዴ/ እት ረአሼ ደወሻን ልትረኤኒ || Re'ashe ya dewer minde / et re'ashe deweshan litre'eni || احس بدوار في رأسي || I feel dizzy || J'ai des vertiges || У меня кружится голова || Mir ist schwindelig || Me siento mareado || Sinto tontura |- | ሕማም ስከሪ ብእዬ || Hmam skari bi'ye || عندي مرض السكر || I have diabetes || J'ai du diabète || У меня диабет || Ich habe Diabetes || Tengo diabetes || Tenho diabetes |- | ሰኒ እት ኣንሶሊን ሕጉዝ ህሌኮ || Seni et ansolin hguz hleko || انا بحاجة ماسة إلى إنسولين || I urgently need insulin || J'ai besoin d'insuline en urgence || Мне срочно нужен инсулин || Ich brauche dringend Insulin || Necesito insulina urgentemente || Preciso urgentemente de insulina |- | ትቃጨፈት || Tiqachefet || لقد اغتُصبت || I was raped || J'ai été violée || Меня изнасиловали || Ich wurde vergewaltigt || Fui violada || Fui estuprada |- | እት ከብጄ አለም ብእዬ || Et kebje alem bi'ye || عندي الم في بطني || I have stomach pain || J'ai mal au ventre || У меня болит живот || Ich habe Bauchschmerzen || Me duele el estómago || Estou com dor de barriga |- | ሐፋነት ብእዬ || Hafanet bi'ye || عندي حرارة || I have a fever || J'ai de la fièvre || У меня температура || Ich habe Fieber || Tengo fiebre || Estou com febre |- | ምን ወጀዕ ረአስ እጠርዕ || Min weje' re'as etare' || اعاني من صداع في الرأس || I have a headache || J'ai mal à la tête || У меня болит голова || Ich habe Kopfschmerzen || Me duele la cabeza || Estou com dor de cabeça |- | ስዕለት ብእዬ || Si'let bi'ye || عندي سعال || I have a cough || Je tousse || У меня кашель || Ich habe Husten || Tengo tos || Estou com tosse |- | ጅናዬ ስዕለት ቡ/ ሕልቅሙ እንትሁብ ሀለ || Jinaye si'let bu / hilqmu entihub hala || طفلي عنده سعال / حلقه ملتهب || My child has a cough / sore throat || Mon enfant tousse / a mal à la gorge || У моего ребенка кашель / болит горло || Mein Kind hustet / hat Halsschmerzen || Mi hijo tiene tos / dolor de garganta || Meu filho está com tosse / dor de garganta |- | ረሸን/ግንፈእ || Reshen / Ginfe' || رشح / زكام || Cold / flu || Rhume / grippe || Простуда / грипп || Erkältung / Grippe || Resfriado / gripe || Resfriado / gripe |- | ፍጋር || Fgar || إسهال || Diarrhea || Diarrhée || Понос || Durchfall || Diarrea || Diarreia |- | ጠቡጥ || Tbut || إمساك || Constipation || Constipation || Запор || Verstopfung || Estreñimiento || Constipação |- | እንትሃብ ጸልዐት እት ርሕም || Entihab tsil'at et rihim || التهاب فطري مهبلي || Vaginal fungal infection || Infection vaginale fongique || Вагинальная грибковая инфекция || Vaginale Pilzinfektion || Infección vaginal por hongos || Infecção vaginal fúngica |- | መሳራድ ጸልዐት እት እግር || Mesarad tsil'at et egir || إصابة فطرية في القدم || Fungal infection of the foot || Infection fongique du pied || Грибковая инфекция стопы || Pilzinfektion am Fuß || Infección por hongos en el pie || Infecção fúngica no pé |- | ቅመል እት ረአስ || Qimel et re'as || قمل في الرأس || Head lice || Poux de tête || Вши на голове || Kopfläuse || Piojos en la cabeza || Piolhos na cabeça |- | ክሳር/ነብረ || Ksar / Nebra || طعام || Food || Nourriture || Еда || Essen || Comida || Comida |- | ጸብሕ || Tsebh || الغداء || Lunch || Déjeuner || Обед || Mittagessen || Almuerzo || Almoço |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! العربي !! English !! Français !! Русский !! Deutsch !! Español !! Português |- | ድራር || العشاء || Dinner || Dîner || Ужин || Abendessen || Cena || Jantar |- | እለ ነብረ ሐላል ተ? || هل هذا الطعام حلال؟ || Is this food halal? || Cette nourriture est-elle halal? || Эта еда халяльная? || Ist dieses Essen halal? || ¿Esta comida es halal? || Esta comida é halal? |- | አነ ድድ ___ሐሳስየት ብእዬ || انا عندي حساسية ضد ___ || I am allergic to ___ || Je suis allergique à ___ || У меня аллергия на ___ || Ich bin allergisch gegen ___ || Tengo alergia a ___ || Tenho alergia a ___ |- | ስገ ሐሰማ || لحم خنزير || Pork || Porc || Свинина || Schweinefleisch || Cerdo || Carne de porco |- | ሰራይር || طيور || Birds / Poultry || Volailles || Птица || Geflügel || Aves || Aves |- | አነ ስገ ሐሰማ/ከንዚር የእበልዕ || أنا لا آكل لحم الخنزير || I don't eat pork || Je ne mange pas de porc || Я не ем свинину || Ich esse kein Schweinefleisch || No como cerdo || Não como carne de porco |- | አነ ስገ ወ ዓሰ የእበልዕ ነባቲ አነ || انا نباتي لا اكل لحمة ولا سمك || I am vegetarian, I don't eat meat or fish || Je suis végétarien, je ne mange ni viande ni poisson || Я вегетарианец, я не ем мясо и рыбу || Ich bin Vegetarier, ich esse kein Fleisch und keinen Fisch || Soy vegetariano, no como carne ni pescado || Sou vegetariano, não como carne nem peixe |- | አነ ብልዓይ ሐመሊት አነ || انا خُضري || I am vegan || Je suis vegan || Я веган || Ich bin Veganer || Soy vegano || Sou vegano |- | ዓሰ || سمك || Fish || Poisson || Рыба || Fisch || Pescado || Peixe |- | ሕበዝ || خبز || Bread || Pain || Хлеб || Brot || Pan || Pão |- | ማይ || ماء || Water || Eau || Вода || Wasser || Agua || Água |- | ጭመም ለይሙን || ليموناضة || Lemonade || Limonade || Лимонад || Limonade || Limonada || Limonada |- | ሐሊብ || حليب || Milk || Lait || Молоко || Milch || Leche || Leite |- | ቡን || قهوة || Coffee || Café || Кофе || Kaffee || Café || Café |- | ሻሂ || شاي || Tea || Thé || Чай || Tee || Té || Chá |- | ቢረት || بيرة || Beer || Bière || Пиво || Bier || Cerveza || Cerveja |- | ፍሬተት || فاكهة || Fruit || Fruit || Фрукты || Obst || Fruta || Fruta |- | ትፈሕ || تفاح || Apple || Pomme || Яблоко || Apfel || Manzana || Maçã |- | እጃዝ/ከምሸሪ || اجاص / كمثرى || Pear || Poire || Груша || Birne || Pera || Pera |- | ጁሪብፍሩት || جريبفروت || Grapefruit || Pamplemousse || Грейпфрут || Grapefruit || Pomelo || Toranja |- | ምሽምሽ || مشمش || Apricot || Abricot || Абрикос || Aprikose || Albaricoque || Damasco |- | በጣጣ || بطاطا || Potato || Pomme de terre || Картофель || Kartoffel || Patata || Batata |- | ፋሱልየት አክደር/ፉል || فاصوليا خضراء / فول || Green beans / Fava beans || Haricots verts / Fèves || Зеленая фасоль / Бобы || Grüne Bohnen / Dicke Bohnen || Judías verdes / Habas || Feijão verde / Fava |- | ባዝላእ || بازلاء || Peas || Petits pois || Горох || Erbsen || Guisantes || Ervilhas |- | ሕምስ || حمص || Chickpeas || Pois chiches || Нут || Kichererbsen || Garbanzos || Grão-de-bico |- | ባዝንጃን || باذنجان || Eggplant || Aubergine || Баклажан || Aubergine || Berenjena || Berinjela |- | ካሮት || جزر || Carrots || Carottes || Морковь || Karotten || Zanahorias || Cenouras |- | ጠማጥም/ከመዶረ || طماطم / بنادورة || Tomato || Tomate || Помидор || Tomate || Tomate || Tomate |- | ለፈት || لفت || Turnip || Navet || Репа || Rübe || Nabo || Nabo |- | ጥሒን || طحين || Flour || Farine || Мука || Mehl || Harina || Farinha |- | መዐር || عسل || Honey || Miel || Мед || Honig || Miel || Mel |- | ጅብነት || جبنة || Cheese || Fromage || Сыр || Käse || Queso || Queijo |- | ልሜት || لبنة || Labneh / Strained yogurt || Labneh || Лябне || Labneh || Labneh || Labneh |- | ጉዕ || فلفل || Pepper / Chili || Poivre / Piment || Перец || Pfeffer / Chili || Pimienta / Chile || Pimenta / Pimentão |- | ጉዕ አክደር || فلفل أخضر || Green pepper || Poivron vert || Зеленый перец || Grüne Paprika || Pimiento verde || Pimentão verde |- | ሰልሰት || صلصة || Sauce || Sauce || Соус || Soße || Salsa || Molho |- | ዝብደት || زبدة || Butter || Beurre || Масло || Butter || Mantequilla || Manteiga |- | ዜት || زيت || Oil || Huile || Масло || Öl || Aceite || Óleo |- | ልባን || علكة / لبان || Chewing gum || Chewing-gum || Жевательная резинка || Kaugummi || Chicle || Chiclete |- | መልዐቀት/መንካ || ملعقة || Spoon || Cuillère || Ложка || Löffel || Cuchara || Colher |- | ጀርደት/መላጤ || سكين || Knife || Couteau || Нож || Messer || Cuchillo || Faca |- | ሰሓን || طبق || Plate || Assiette || Тарелка || Teller || Plato || Prato |- | ካስ || كأس || Glass || Verre || Стакан || Glas || Vaso || Copo |- | ክባየት || كاسة || Cup || Tasse || Чашка || Tasse || Taza || Xícara |- | በራድ ሻሂ || ابريق شاي || Teapot || Théière || Чайник || Teekanne || Tetera || Bule de chá |- | መላብስ || ملابس || Clothes || Vêtements || Одежда || Kleidung || Ropa || Roupas |- | ቀሚስ || قميص || Shirt || Chemise || Рубашка || Hemd || Camisa || Camisa |- | ፍስታን || فستان || Dress || Robe || Платье || Kleid || Vestido || Vestido |- | እስኬርቲ || تنورة || Skirt || Jupe || Юбка || Rock || Falda || Saia |- | በንጠሎን/ስርዋን || بِنْطال / سروال || Trousers / Pants || Pantalon || Брюки || Hose || Pantalón || Calças |- | ስዊተር || كنزة صوف || Sweater || Pull || Свитер || Pullover || Suéter || Suéter |- | ጅበት || جاكِيت / مِعْطَف || Jacket / Coat || Veste / Manteau || Куртка / Пальто || Jacke / Mantel || Chaqueta / Abrigo || Jaqueta / Casaco |- | ዕማም || حجاب || Hijab || Hijab || Хиджаб || Hijab || Hiyab || Hijab |- | መርኩብ || حذاء كندرة || Shoes || Chaussures || Обувь || Schuhe || Zapatos || Sapatos |- | ቀፋዛት || قفازات || Gloves || Gants || Перчатки || Handschuhe || Guantes || Luvas |- | ሽራባት || كلسات || Socks || Chaussettes || Носки || Socken || Calcetines || Meias |- | መላብስ ጅወ || ملابس داخلية || Underwear || Sous-vêtements || Нижнее белье || Unterwäsche || Ropa interior || Roupa íntima |- | አንክራት || الجهات || Directions || Directions || Направления || Richtungen || Direcciones || Direções |- | ቅብለት || شمال || North || Nord || Север || Norden || Norte || Norte |- | ግብለት || جنوب || South || Sud || Юг || Süden || Sur || Sul |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! العربية !! English !! Français !! Русский !! Deutsch !! Español !! Português |- | ምፍጋር ጸሓይ || شرق || East || Est || Восток || Osten || Este || Leste |- | ምውዳቅ ጸሓይ || غرب || West || Ouest || Запад || Westen || Oeste || Oeste |- | ለዐል || فوق / اعلى || Above / Up || Au-dessus / En haut || Вверху || Oben || Arriba || Acima |- | ሐንቴ || اسفل || Below / Down || En bas || Внизу || Unten || Abajo || Abaixo |- | ሸንከት ድገለብ || إلى اليسار || To the left || À gauche || Налево || Nach links || A la izquierda || À esquerda |- | ሸንከት ድማን || إلى اليمين || To the right || À droite || Направо || Nach rechts || A la derecha || À direita |- | ጅወ || في الداخل || Inside || À l'intérieur || Внутри || Drinnen || Dentro || Dentro |- | እት በረ || في الخارج || Outside || À l'extérieur || Снаружи || Draußen || Fuera || Fora |- | ሆስፒታል || مستشفى || Hospital || Hôpital || Больница || Krankenhaus || Hospital || Hospital |- | ፈርማሲ/እስፕዳልየት || صيدلية || Pharmacy || Pharmacie || Аптека || Apotheke || Farmacia || Farmácia |- | ዕያደት || عيادة || Clinic || Clinique || Клиника || Klinik || Clínica || Clínica |- | በሪድ || بريد || Post office || Poste || Почта || Post || Correos || Correios |- | ባንከት || مصرف || Bank || Banque || Банк || Bank || Banco || Banco |- | መብጸሪ ባስ || موقف باص / موقف حافلة || Bus stop || Arrêt de bus || Автобусная остановка || Bushaltestelle || Parada de autobús || Parada de ônibus |- | ምዕራፍ ባቡር || محطة قطار || Train station || Gare || Вокзал || Bahnhof || Estación de tren || Estação de trem |- | አካን ፖሊስ || مخفر شرطة || Police station || Commissariat || Полицейский участок || Polizeiwache || Comisaría || Delegacia |- | መቅሰኒት || اطفائية || Fire station || Caserne de pompiers || Пожарная станция || Feuerwehr || Estación de bomberos || Corpo de bombeiros |- | ምዕራፍ ሜትሮ አግባብ || محطة مترو الانفاق || Subway station || Station de métro || Станция метро || U-Bahn-Station || Estación de metro || Estação de metrô |- | ምግባይት ምዕራፍ || المحطة المركزية || Central station || Gare centrale || Центральный вокзал || Hauptbahnhof || Estación central || Estação central |- | ምዴርየት || بلدية || Municipality / Town hall || Mairie || Муниципалитет || Rathaus || Ayuntamiento || Prefeitura |- | መድረሰት || مدرسة || School || École || Школа || Schule || Escuela || Escola |- | ጃምዐት || جامعة || University || Université || Университет || Universität || Universidad || Universidade |- | መጣር || مطار || Airport || Aéroport || Аэропорт || Flughafen || Aeropuerto || Aeroporto |- | ሚነት || ميناء || Port || Port || Порт || Hafen || Puerto || Porto |- | ምግብ መዲነት || مركز المدينة || City centre || Centre-ville || Центр города || Stadtzentrum || Centro de la ciudad || Centro da cidade |- | ሱፐር ማርኬት || بقالية / سوبر ماركت || Grocery / Supermarket || Épicerie / Supermarché || Продуктовый магазин / Супермаркет || Lebensmittelgeschäft / Supermarkt || Tienda / Supermercado || Mercearia / Supermercado |- | መክተበት || مكتبة || Library || Bibliothèque || Библиотека || Bibliothek || Biblioteca || Biblioteca |- | መክተበት/ድካን አክትበት || مكتبة، متجر للكتب || Bookshop || Librairie || Книжный магазин || Buchhandlung || Librería || Livraria |- | ድዋር/ባካት/ደዋፍሕ || ضواحي || Suburbs || Banlieue || Пригород || Vororte || Afueras || Subúrbios |- | በር || ريف || Countryside || Campagne || Деревня || Land || Campo || Campo |- | ከኒሰት || كنيسة || Church || Église || Церковь || Kirche || Iglesia || Igreja |- | ምስጅድ/ጃምዕ || مسجد || Mosque || Mosquée || Мечеть || Moschee || Mezquita || Mesquita |- | መጥዐም/ቤት ነብረ || مطعم || Restaurant || Restaurant || Ресторан || Restaurant || Restaurante || Restaurante |- | መዋሰላት ዓመት || مواصلات عامة || Public transport || Transports en commun || Общественный транспорт || Öffentliche Verkehrsmittel || Transporte público || Transporte público |- | መኪነት || سيارة || Car || Voiture || Машина || Auto || Coche || Carro |- | ኣውቶቢስ || حافلة || Bus || Bus || Автобус || Bus || Autobús || Ônibus |- | ባቡር/ቅጣር || قطار || Train || Train || Поезд || Zug || Tren || Trem |- | ባቡር || ترام || Tram || Tramway || Трамвай || Straßenbahn || Tranvía || Bonde |- | ሰፊነት || سفينة || Ship || Bateau || Корабль || Schiff || Barco || Navio |- | ዶንክ || قارب || Boat || Bateau || Лодка || Boot || Barco || Barco |- | ሄሌኮፕተር || طائرة مروحية || Helicopter || Hélicoptère || Вертолет || Hubschrauber || Helicóptero || Helicóptero |- | በራሪት/ጥያረት || طائرة || Plane || Avion || Самолет || Flugzeug || Avión || Avião |- | መኪነት ጽዕኔ || شاحنة || Truck || Camion || Грузовик || Lastwagen || Camión || Caminhão |- | መኪነት ጽዕኔ ንኢሽ || شاحنة صغيرة || Small truck / Van || Petit camion / Fourgonnette || Небольшой грузовик / Фургон || Kleiner Lastwagen / Lieferwagen || Camioneta / Furgoneta || Caminhonete / Van |- | መኪነት ራድኢት || سيارة اسعاف || Ambulance || Ambulance || Скорая помощь || Krankenwagen || Ambulancia || Ambulância |- | ዶንክ ደሐን || قارب نجاة || Lifeboat || Canot de sauvetage || Спасательная лодка || Rettungsboot || Bote salvavidas || Bote salva-vidas |- | መሐንበሲት || طوافة / عوامة || Float / Buoy || Bouée || Поплавок / Буй || Schwimmreifen / Boje || Flotador / Boya || Boia |- | ዐጀለት || دراجة هوائية || Bicycle || Vélo || Велосипед || Fahrrad || Bicicleta || Bicicleta |- | ሞተር || دراجة نارية || Motorcycle || Moto || Мотоцикл || Motorrad || Moto || Moto |- | ታክሲ || سيارة اجرة || Taxi || Taxi || Такси || Taxi || Taxi || Táxi |- | ኣንተር || أثاث || Furniture || Meubles || Мебель || Möbel || Muebles || Móveis |- | ዐራት || سرير || Bed || Lit || Кровать || Bett || Cama || Cama |- | ሸፈት || بطانية || Blanket || Couverture || Одеяло || Decke || Manta || Cobertor |- | ኑር || مصباح || Lamp || Lampe || Лампа || Lampe || Lámpara || Lâmpada |} eyuaqbxtk3v1cwnj6nijtxwc7abq52k 4680795 4680792 2026-11-07T22:16:05Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 /* */ Small edits 4680795 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አግደ መትሃጋይ || Agda methagay |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያም || Seni masyam |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titleka |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || ዐፌኒ/ሳምሐኒ || Afeni/samhani |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || ሐሰብከ/ዐይብከ || Hasabka / Aybka |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noska |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetka min ta |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ana min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewa |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ela isitche ta |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልዬ || Welye |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ela hiche ta |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እቡዬ ቱ || Eli buye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ela imye ta |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ana sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hala |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ka ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteya ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hala? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ana egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበርዝ || Bambariz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aya egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aya erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hlina? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hlina |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteya hala? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higya ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit ta |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybka sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jera? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀረርኮ || Ana qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ana farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ana eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ana ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilka |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeya hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeya hala? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitna? |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! Tigre - Latin !! العربية !! English !! Français !! Русский !! Deutsch !! Español !! Português |- | አምዕል || Am'il || يوم || Day || Jour || День || Tag || Día || Dia |- | ሳዐት || Sa'at || ساعة || Hour || Heure || Час || Stunde || Hora || Hora |- | ወርሕ || Werh || شهر || Month || Mois || Месяц || Monat || Mes || Mês |- | ሰኒ ቅሩብ || Seni qrub || قريباً جدا || Very soon || Très bientôt || Очень скоро || Sehr bald || Muy pronto || Muito em breve |- | ፈጅር || Fejer || غداً || Tomorrow || Demain || Завтра || Morgen || Mañana || Amanhã |- | ሐቆ ፈጅር || Haqo fejer || بعد غد || Day after tomorrow || Après-demain || Послезавтра || Übermorgen || Pasado mañana || Depois de amanhã |- | ትመጽእ ለህሌት ሳምን || Timetse' lehlet samin || الأسبوع القادم || Next week || La semaine prochaine || На следующей неделе || Nächste Woche || La próxima semana || Na próxima semana |- | እት ቅሩብ እዋን እግል አቅብል ቱ || Et qrub ewan egil aqbil tu || سأعود قريباً || I will return soon || Je reviendrai bientôt || Я скоро вернусь || Ich komme bald zurück || Volveré pronto || Voltarei em breve |- | ሐቴ/ዎሮ || Hate / Woro || واحد || One || Un || Один || Eins || Uno || Um |- | ክልኤ/ክልኦት || Kil'e / Kil'ot || اثنان || Two || Deux || Два || Zwei || Dos || Dois |- | ሰለስ/ ሰልአስ || Seles / Sel'as || ثلاثة || Three || Trois || Три || Drei || Tres || Três |- | አርበዕ || Arba' || أربعة || Four || Quatre || Четыре || Vier || Cuatro || Quatro |- | ሐምስ || Hams || خمسة || Five || Cinq || Пять || Fünf || Cinco || Cinco |- | ስስ || Sis || ستة || Six || Six || Шесть || Sechs || Seis || Seis |- | ሰቡዕ || Sebu' || سبعة || Seven || Sept || Семь || Sieben || Siete || Sete |- | ሰማን || Seman || ثمانية || Eight || Huit || Восемь || Acht || Ocho || Oito |- | ስዕ || Si' || تسعة || Nine || Neuf || Девять || Neun || Nueve || Nove |- | ዐስር || Asir || عشرة || Ten || Dix || Десять || Zehn || Diez || Dez |- | አትኒን || Etnin || الإثنين || Monday || Lundi || Понедельник || Montag || Lunes || Segunda-feira |- | አተሉት || Etelut || الثلاثاء || Tuesday || Mardi || Вторник || Dienstag || Martes || Terça-feira |- | አርቡዕ || Arbu' || الاربعاء || Wednesday || Mercredi || Среда || Mittwoch || Miércoles || Quarta-feira |- | ከሚስ || Kemis || الخميس || Thursday || Jeudi || Четверг || Donnerstag || Jueves || Quinta-feira |- | ጅምዐት || Jim'at || الجمعة || Friday || Vendredi || Пятница || Freitag || Viernes || Sexta-feira |- | ሰንበት ንኢሽ || Senbet ni'ish || السبت || Saturday || Samedi || Суббота || Samstag || Sábado || Sábado |- | ሰንበት ዐባይ || Senbet abay || الاحد || Sunday || Dimanche || Воскресенье || Sonntag || Domingo || Domingo |- | ዩናይር || Yunayir || كانون ثاني || January || Janvier || Январь || Januar || Enero || Janeiro |- | ፋብራይር || Fabrayir || شباط || February || Février || Февраль || Februar || Febrero || Fevereiro |- | ማርስ || Mars || آذار || March || Mars || Март || März || Marzo || Março |- | አፕሪል || April || نيسان || April || Avril || Апрель || April || Abril || Abril |- | ማዮ || Mayo || ايار || May || Mai || Май || Mai || Mayo || Maio |- | ዩንዮ || Yunyo || حزيران || June || Juin || Июнь || Juni || Junio || Junho |- | ዩልዮ || Yulyo || تموز || July || Juillet || Июль || Juli || Julio || Julho |- | አጎስቶስ || Agostos || آب || August || Août || Август || August || Agosto || Agosto |- | ሰብተምበር || Sebtember || ايلول || September || Septembre || Сентябрь || September || Septiembre || Setembro |- | ኦክቶበር || Oktober || تشرين أول || October || Octobre || Октябрь || Oktober || Octubre || Outubro |- | ኖቨምበር || November || تشرين ثاني || November || Novembre || Ноябрь || November || Noviembre || Novembro |- | ዲሰምበር || Disember || كانون أول || December || Décembre || Декабрь || Dezember || Diciembre || Dezembro |- | ዓፍየት || Afyet || الصحة || Health || Santé || Здоровье || Gesundheit || Salud || Saúde |- | አነ ሐኪም ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ana hakim haze hleko || انا بحاجة لطبيب || I need a doctor || J'ai besoin d'un médecin || Мне нужен врач || Ich brauche einen Arzt || Necesito un médico || Preciso de um médico |- | ዓፍየቼ ሰኔት ኢህሌት || Afyeche senet ihlet || صحتي ليست على مايرام || I am not feeling well || Je ne me sens pas bien || Я плохо себя чувствую || Mir geht es nicht gut || No me siento bien || Não me sinto bem |- | ጅናዬ ሕሙም ሀለ || Jinaye hmum hala || طفلي مريض || My child is sick || Mon enfant est malade || Мой ребенок болен || Mein Kind ist krank || Mi hijo está enfermo || Meu filho está doente |- | አነ ዐምሳት አነ || Ana amsat ana || انا حامل || I am pregnant || Je suis enceinte || Я беременна || Ich bin schwanger || Estoy embarazada || Estou grávida |- | ሐሳስየት ብእዬ || Hasasyet bi'ye || عندي حساسية || I have an allergy || J'ai une allergie || У меня аллергия || Ich habe eine Allergie || Tengo alergia || Tenho alergia |- | ረአሼ ያ ደውር ምንዴ/ እት ረአሼ ደወሻን ልትረኤኒ || Re'ashe ya dewer minde / et re'ashe deweshan litre'eni || احس بدوار في رأسي || I feel dizzy || J'ai des vertiges || У меня кружится голова || Mir ist schwindelig || Me siento mareado || Sinto tontura |- | ሕማም ስከሪ ብእዬ || Hmam skari bi'ye || عندي مرض السكر || I have diabetes || J'ai du diabète || У меня диабет || Ich habe Diabetes || Tengo diabetes || Tenho diabetes |- | ሰኒ እት ኣንሶሊን ሕጉዝ ህሌኮ || Seni et ansolin hguz hleko || انا بحاجة ماسة إلى إنسولين || I urgently need insulin || J'ai besoin d'insuline en urgence || Мне срочно нужен инсулин || Ich brauche dringend Insulin || Necesito insulina urgentemente || Preciso urgentemente de insulina |- | ትቃጨፈት || Tiqachefet || لقد اغتُصبت || I was raped || J'ai été violée || Меня изнасиловали || Ich wurde vergewaltigt || Fui violada || Fui estuprada |- | እት ከብጄ አለም ብእዬ || Et kebje alem bi'ye || عندي الم في بطني || I have stomach pain || J'ai mal au ventre || У меня болит живот || Ich habe Bauchschmerzen || Me duele el estómago || Estou com dor de barriga |- | ሐፋነት ብእዬ || Hafanet bi'ye || عندي حرارة || I have a fever || J'ai de la fièvre || У меня температура || Ich habe Fieber || Tengo fiebre || Estou com febre |- | ምን ወጀዕ ረአስ እጠርዕ || Min weje' re'as etare' || اعاني من صداع في الرأس || I have a headache || J'ai mal à la tête || У меня болит голова || Ich habe Kopfschmerzen || Me duele la cabeza || Estou com dor de cabeça |- | ስዕለት ብእዬ || Si'let bi'ye || عندي سعال || I have a cough || Je tousse || У меня кашель || Ich habe Husten || Tengo tos || Estou com tosse |- | ጅናዬ ስዕለት ቡ/ ሕልቅሙ እንትሁብ ሀለ || Jinaye si'let bu / hilqmu entihub hala || طفلي عنده سعال / حلقه ملتهب || My child has a cough / sore throat || Mon enfant tousse / a mal à la gorge || У моего ребенка кашель / болит горло || Mein Kind hustet / hat Halsschmerzen || Mi hijo tiene tos / dolor de garganta || Meu filho está com tosse / dor de garganta |- | ረሸን/ግንፈእ || Reshen / Ginfe' || رشح / زكام || Cold / flu || Rhume / grippe || Простуда / грипп || Erkältung / Grippe || Resfriado / gripe || Resfriado / gripe |- | ፍጋር || Fgar || إسهال || Diarrhea || Diarrhée || Понос || Durchfall || Diarrea || Diarreia |- | ጠቡጥ || Tbut || إمساك || Constipation || Constipation || Запор || Verstopfung || Estreñimiento || Constipação |- | እንትሃብ ጸልዐት እት ርሕም || Entihab tsil'at et rihim || التهاب فطري مهبلي || Vaginal fungal infection || Infection vaginale fongique || Вагинальная грибковая инфекция || Vaginale Pilzinfektion || Infección vaginal por hongos || Infecção vaginal fúngica |- | መሳራድ ጸልዐት እት እግር || Mesarad tsil'at et egir || إصابة فطرية في القدم || Fungal infection of the foot || Infection fongique du pied || Грибковая инфекция стопы || Pilzinfektion am Fuß || Infección por hongos en el pie || Infecção fúngica no pé |- | ቅመል እት ረአስ || Qimel et re'as || قمل في الرأس || Head lice || Poux de tête || Вши на голове || Kopfläuse || Piojos en la cabeza || Piolhos na cabeça |- | ክሳር/ነብረ || Ksar / Nebra || طعام || Food || Nourriture || Еда || Essen || Comida || Comida |- | ጸብሕ || Tsebh || الغداء || Lunch || Déjeuner || Обед || Mittagessen || Almuerzo || Almoço |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! العربي !! English !! Français !! Русский !! Deutsch !! Español !! Português |- | ድራር || العشاء || Dinner || Dîner || Ужин || Abendessen || Cena || Jantar |- | እለ ነብረ ሐላል ተ? || هل هذا الطعام حلال؟ || Is this food halal? || Cette nourriture est-elle halal? || Эта еда халяльная? || Ist dieses Essen halal? || ¿Esta comida es halal? || Esta comida é halal? |- | አነ ድድ ___ሐሳስየት ብእዬ || انا عندي حساسية ضد ___ || I am allergic to ___ || Je suis allergique à ___ || У меня аллергия на ___ || Ich bin allergisch gegen ___ || Tengo alergia a ___ || Tenho alergia a ___ |- | ስገ ሐሰማ/ስገ ከንዚር || لحم خنزير || Pork || Porc || Свинина || Schweinefleisch || Cerdo || Carne de porco |- | ሰራይር || طيور || Birds / Poultry || Volailles || Птица || Geflügel || Aves || Aves |- | አነ ስገ ሐሰማ/ከንዚር የእበልዕ || أنا لا آكل لحم الخنزير || I don't eat pork || Je ne mange pas de porc || Я не ем свинину || Ich esse kein Schweinefleisch || No como cerdo || Não como carne de porco |- | አነ ስገ ወ ዓሰ የእበልዕ ነባቲ አነ || انا نباتي لا اكل لحمة ولا سمك || I am vegetarian, I don't eat meat or fish || Je suis végétarien, je ne mange ni viande ni poisson || Я вегетарианец, я не ем мясо и рыбу || Ich bin Vegetarier, ich esse kein Fleisch und keinen Fisch || Soy vegetariano, no como carne ni pescado || Sou vegetariano, não como carne nem peixe |- | አነ ቤልዓይ ሐመሊት አነ || انا خُضري || I am vegan || Je suis vegan || Я веган || Ich bin Veganer || Soy vegano || Sou vegano |- | ዓሰ || سمك || Fish || Poisson || Рыба || Fisch || Pescado || Peixe |- | ሕበዝ || خبز || Bread || Pain || Хлеб || Brot || Pan || Pão |- | ማይ || ماء || Water || Eau || Вода || Wasser || Agua || Água |- | ጭመም ለይሙን || ليموناضة || Lemonade || Limonade || Лимонад || Limonade || Limonada || Limonada |- | ሐሊብ || حليب || Milk || Lait || Молоко || Milch || Leche || Leite |- | ቡን || قهوة || Coffee || Café || Кофе || Kaffee || Café || Café |- | ሻሂ || شاي || Tea || Thé || Чай || Tee || Té || Chá |- | ቢረት || بيرة || Beer || Bière || Пиво || Bier || Cerveza || Cerveja |- | ፍሬተት || فاكهة || Fruit || Fruit || Фрукты || Obst || Fruta || Fruta |- | ትፈሕ || تفاح || Apple || Pomme || Яблоко || Apfel || Manzana || Maçã |- | እጃዝ/ከምሸሪ || اجاص / كمثرى || Pear || Poire || Груша || Birne || Pera || Pera |- | ጁሪብፍሩት || جريبفروت || Grapefruit || Pamplemousse || Грейпфрут || Grapefruit || Pomelo || Toranja |- | ምሽምሽ || مشمش || Apricot || Abricot || Абрикос || Aprikose || Albaricoque || Damasco |- | በጣጣ || بطاطا || Potato || Pomme de terre || Картофель || Kartoffel || Patata || Batata |- | ፋሱልየት አክደር/ፉል || فاصوليا خضراء / فول || Green beans / Fava beans || Haricots verts / Fèves || Зеленая фасоль / Бобы || Grüne Bohnen / Dicke Bohnen || Judías verdes / Habas || Feijão verde / Fava |- | ባዝላእ || بازلاء || Peas || Petits pois || Горох || Erbsen || Guisantes || Ervilhas |- | ሕምስ || حمص || Chickpeas || Pois chiches || Нут || Kichererbsen || Garbanzos || Grão-de-bico |- | ባዝንጃን || باذنجان || Eggplant || Aubergine || Баклажан || Aubergine || Berenjena || Berinjela |- | ካሮት || جزر || Carrots || Carottes || Морковь || Karotten || Zanahorias || Cenouras |- | ጠማጥም/ከመዶረ || طماطم / بنادورة || Tomato || Tomate || Помидор || Tomate || Tomate || Tomate |- | ለፈት || لفت || Turnip || Navet || Репа || Rübe || Nabo || Nabo |- | ጥሒን || طحين || Flour || Farine || Мука || Mehl || Harina || Farinha |- | መዐር || عسل || Honey || Miel || Мед || Honig || Miel || Mel |- | ጅብነት || جبنة || Cheese || Fromage || Сыр || Käse || Queso || Queijo |- | ልሜት || لبنة || Labneh / Strained yogurt || Labneh || Лябне || Labneh || Labneh || Labneh |- | ጉዕ || فلفل || Pepper / Chili || Poivre / Piment || Перец || Pfeffer / Chili || Pimienta / Chile || Pimenta / Pimentão |- | ጉዕ አክደር || فلفل أخضر || Green pepper || Poivron vert || Зеленый перец || Grüne Paprika || Pimiento verde || Pimentão verde |- | ሰልሰት || صلصة || Sauce || Sauce || Соус || Soße || Salsa || Molho |- | ዝብደት || زبدة || Butter || Beurre || Масло || Butter || Mantequilla || Manteiga |- | ዜት || زيت || Oil || Huile || Масло || Öl || Aceite || Óleo |- | ልባን || علكة / لبان || Chewing gum || Chewing-gum || Жевательная резинка || Kaugummi || Chicle || Chiclete |- | መልዐቀት/መንካ || ملعقة || Spoon || Cuillère || Ложка || Löffel || Cuchara || Colher |- | ጀርደት/መላጤ || سكين || Knife || Couteau || Нож || Messer || Cuchillo || Faca |- | ሰሓን || طبق || Plate || Assiette || Тарелка || Teller || Plato || Prato |- | ካስ || كأس || Glass || Verre || Стакан || Glas || Vaso || Copo |- | ክባየት || كاسة || Cup || Tasse || Чашка || Tasse || Taza || Xícara |- | በራድ ሻሂ || ابريق شاي || Teapot || Théière || Чайник || Teekanne || Tetera || Bule de chá |- | መላብስ || ملابس || Clothes || Vêtements || Одежда || Kleidung || Ropa || Roupas |- | ቀሚስ || قميص || Shirt || Chemise || Рубашка || Hemd || Camisa || Camisa |- | ፍስታን || فستان || Dress || Robe || Платье || Kleid || Vestido || Vestido |- | እስኬርቲ || تنورة || Skirt || Jupe || Юбка || Rock || Falda || Saia |- | በንጠሎን/ስርዋን || بِنْطال / سروال || Trousers / Pants || Pantalon || Брюки || Hose || Pantalón || Calças |- | ስዊተር || كنزة صوف || Sweater || Pull || Свитер || Pullover || Suéter || Suéter |- | ጅበት || جاكِيت / مِعْطَف || Jacket / Coat || Veste / Manteau || Куртка / Пальто || Jacke / Mantel || Chaqueta / Abrigo || Jaqueta / Casaco |- | ዕማም || حجاب || Hijab || Hijab || Хиджаб || Hijab || Hiyab || Hijab |- | መርኩብ || حذاء كندرة || Shoes || Chaussures || Обувь || Schuhe || Zapatos || Sapatos |- | ቀፋዛት || قفازات || Gloves || Gants || Перчатки || Handschuhe || Guantes || Luvas |- | ሽራባት || كلسات || Socks || Chaussettes || Носки || Socken || Calcetines || Meias |- | መላብስ ጅወ || ملابس داخلية || Underwear || Sous-vêtements || Нижнее белье || Unterwäsche || Ropa interior || Roupa íntima |- | አንክራት || الجهات || Directions || Directions || Направления || Richtungen || Direcciones || Direções |- | ቅብለት || شمال || North || Nord || Север || Norden || Norte || Norte |- | ግብለት || جنوب || South || Sud || Юг || Süden || Sur || Sul |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! العربية !! English !! Français !! Русский !! Deutsch !! Español !! Português |- | ምፍጋር ጸሓይ || شرق || East || Est || Восток || Osten || Este || Leste |- | ምውዳቅ ጸሓይ || غرب || West || Ouest || Запад || Westen || Oeste || Oeste |- | ለዐል || فوق / اعلى || Above / Up || Au-dessus / En haut || Вверху || Oben || Arriba || Acima |- | ሐንቴ || اسفل || Below / Down || En bas || Внизу || Unten || Abajo || Abaixo |- | ሸንከት ድገለብ/አስክ ድገለብ || إلى اليسار || To the left || À gauche || Налево || Nach links || A la izquierda || À esquerda |- | ሸንከት ድማን/አስክ አን || إلى اليمين || To the right || À droite || Направо || Nach rechts || A la derecha || À direita |- | ጅወ || في الداخل || Inside || À l'intérieur || Внутри || Drinnen || Dentro || Dentro |- | እት በረ || في الخارج || Outside || À l'extérieur || Снаружи || Draußen || Fuera || Fora |- | ሆስፒታል || مستشفى || Hospital || Hôpital || Больница || Krankenhaus || Hospital || Hospital |- | ፈርማሲ/እስፕዳልየት || صيدلية || Pharmacy || Pharmacie || Аптека || Apotheke || Farmacia || Farmácia |- | ዕያደት || عيادة || Clinic || Clinique || Клиника || Klinik || Clínica || Clínica |- | በሪድ || بريد || Post office || Poste || Почта || Post || Correos || Correios |- | ባንከት || مصرف || Bank || Banque || Банк || Bank || Banco || Banco |- | መብጸሪ ባስ || موقف باص / موقف حافلة || Bus stop || Arrêt de bus || Автобусная остановка || Bushaltestelle || Parada de autobús || Parada de ônibus |- | ምዕራፍ ባቡር || محطة قطار || Train station || Gare || Вокзал || Bahnhof || Estación de tren || Estação de trem |- | አካን ፖሊስ || مخفر شرطة || Police station || Commissariat || Полицейский участок || Polizeiwache || Comisaría || Delegacia |- | መቅሰኒት || اطفائية || Fire station || Caserne de pompiers || Пожарная станция || Feuerwehr || Estación de bomberos || Corpo de bombeiros |- | ምዕራፍ ሜትሮ አግባብ || محطة مترو الانفاق || Subway station || Station de métro || Станция метро || U-Bahn-Station || Estación de metro || Estação de metrô |- | ምግባይት ምዕራፍ || المحطة المركزية || Central station || Gare centrale || Центральный вокзал || Hauptbahnhof || Estación central || Estação central |- | ምዴርየት || بلدية || Municipality / Town hall || Mairie || Муниципалитет || Rathaus || Ayuntamiento || Prefeitura |- | መድረሰት || مدرسة || School || École || Школа || Schule || Escuela || Escola |- | ጃምዐት || جامعة || University || Université || Университет || Universität || Universidad || Universidade |- | መጣር || مطار || Airport || Aéroport || Аэропорт || Flughafen || Aeropuerto || Aeroporto |- | ሚነት || ميناء || Port || Port || Порт || Hafen || Puerto || Porto |- | ምግብ መዲነት || مركز المدينة || City centre || Centre-ville || Центр города || Stadtzentrum || Centro de la ciudad || Centro da cidade |- | ሱፐር ማርኬት || بقالية / سوبر ماركت || Grocery / Supermarket || Épicerie / Supermarché || Продуктовый магазин / Супермаркет || Lebensmittelgeschäft / Supermarkt || Tienda / Supermercado || Mercearia / Supermercado |- | መክተበት || مكتبة || Library || Bibliothèque || Библиотека || Bibliothek || Biblioteca || Biblioteca |- | መክተበት/ድካን አክትበት || مكتبة، متجر للكتب || Bookshop || Librairie || Книжный магазин || Buchhandlung || Librería || Livraria |- | ድዋር/ባካት/ደዋይሕ || ضواحي || Suburbs || Banlieue || Пригород || Vororte || Afueras || Subúrbios |- | በር || ريف || Countryside || Campagne || Деревня || Land || Campo || Campo |- | ከኒሰት || كنيسة || Church || Église || Церковь || Kirche || Iglesia || Igreja |- | ምስጅድ/ጃምዕ || مسجد || Mosque || Mosquée || Мечеть || Moschee || Mezquita || Mesquita |- | መጥዐም/ቤት ነብረ || مطعم || Restaurant || Restaurant || Ресторан || Restaurant || Restaurante || Restaurante |- | መዋሰላት ዓመት || مواصلات عامة || Public transport || Transports en commun || Общественный транспорт || Öffentliche Verkehrsmittel || Transporte público || Transporte público |- | መኪነት || سيارة || Car || Voiture || Машина || Auto || Coche || Carro |- | ኣውቶቢስ || حافلة || Bus || Bus || Автобус || Bus || Autobús || Ônibus |- | ባቡር/ቅጣር || قطار || Train || Train || Поезд || Zug || Tren || Trem |- | ባቡር || ترام || Tram || Tramway || Трамвай || Straßenbahn || Tranvía || Bonde |- | ሰፊነት || سفينة || Ship || Bateau || Корабль || Schiff || Barco || Navio |- | ዶንክ || قارب || Boat || Bateau || Лодка || Boot || Barco || Barco |- | ሄሌኮፕተር || طائرة مروحية || Helicopter || Hélicoptère || Вертолет || Hubschrauber || Helicóptero || Helicóptero |- | በራሪት/ጥያረት || طائرة || Plane || Avion || Самолет || Flugzeug || Avión || Avião |- | መኪነት ጽዕኔ || شاحنة || Truck || Camion || Грузовик || Lastwagen || Camión || Caminhão |- | መኪነት ጽዕኔ ንኢሽ || شاحنة صغيرة || Small truck / Van || Petit camion / Fourgonnette || Небольшой грузовик / Фургон || Kleiner Lastwagen / Lieferwagen || Camioneta / Furgoneta || Caminhonete / Van |- | መኪነት ራድኢት || سيارة اسعاف || Ambulance || Ambulance || Скорая помощь || Krankenwagen || Ambulancia || Ambulância |- | ዶንክ ደሐን || قارب نجاة || Lifeboat || Canot de sauvetage || Спасательная лодка || Rettungsboot || Bote salvavidas || Bote salva-vidas |- | መሐንበሲት || طوافة / عوامة || Float / Buoy || Bouée || Поплавок / Буй || Schwimmreifen / Boje || Flotador / Boya || Boia |- | ዐጀለት || دراجة هوائية || Bicycle || Vélo || Велосипед || Fahrrad || Bicicleta || Bicicleta |- | ሞተር || دراجة نارية || Motorcycle || Moto || Мотоцикл || Motorrad || Moto || Moto |- | ታክሲ || سيارة اجرة || Taxi || Taxi || Такси || Taxi || Taxi || Táxi |- | ኣንተሬ || أثاث || Furniture || Meubles || Мебель || Möbel || Muebles || Móveis |- | ዐራት || سرير || Bed || Lit || Кровать || Bett || Cama || Cama |- | ሸፈት || بطانية || Blanket || Couverture || Одеяло || Decke || Manta || Cobertor |- | ኑር || مصباح || Lamp || Lampe || Лампа || Lampe || Lámpara || Lâmpada |} ls3sjuqmevp6scc3qumjiw1uj82rtp8 4680911 4680795 2026-11-08T08:11:29Z Hdad Tigre 3630695 /* */ Small edits 4680911 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! English !! العربية !! Français !! Deutsch !! Русский !! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! Tigre - Latin |- | Basic Conversation || أساسيات المحادثة || Conversation de Base || Grundgespräch || Основной разговор || አሳስ ህግየ || Asas higya |- | Hello || مرحبا || Salut || Hallo || Привет || ሰላም || Selam |- | Good morning || صباح الخير || Bonjour || Guten Morgen || Доброе утро || ሰኒ/ሰኒ ሙያም ጻብሓም || Seni / Seni muyam tsabham |- | Good evening || مساء الخير || Bonsoir || Guten Abend || Добрый вечер || ሰኒ ማስያም || Seni masyam |- | Goodbye || مع السلامة || Au revoir || Auf Wiedersehen || До свидания || ደሐን ትትሌከ || Dehan titleka |- | Sorry / Excuse me || عفوا / المعذرة || Pardon || Entschuldigung || Извините || ዐፌኒ/ሳምሐኒ || Afeni/samhani |- | Please || عفوا / من فضلك || S'il vous plaît || Bitte || Пожалуйста || ሐሰብከ/ዐይብከ || Hasabka / Aybka |- | Thank you || شكرا || Merci || Danke || Спасибо || ሐምደከ || Hamdeke |- | You're welcome || بكل سرور / عفوا || De rien || Gern geschehen || Пожалуйста || ሓይስ ኖስከ || Hayis noska |- | My name is ___ || اسمي || Je m'appelle || Ich heiße || Меня зовут || ስሜቼ || Simeche |- | What is your name? || ما اسمك؟ || Comment tu t'appelles? || Wie heißt du? || Как тебя зовут? || ስሜትከ ምን ተ || Simetka min ta |- | I'm from ___ || انا من || Je viens de || Ich komme aus || Я из || አነ ምን || Ana min |- | Family || اسرة / عائلة || Famille || Familie || Семья || ዐይለት/ጼወ || Aylet / Tsewa |- | This is my husband || هذا زوجي || C'est mon mari || Das ist mein Mann || Это мой муж || እሊ ብእሼ ቱ || Eli bi'she tu |- | My wife || هذه زوجتي || Ma femme || Meine Frau || Моя жена || እለ እሲትቼ ተ || Ela isitche ta |- | My children || أطفالي || Mes enfants || Meine Kinder || Мои дети || አጀኒትቼ || Ajenitche |- | My daughter || ابنتي || Ma fille || Meine Tochter || Моя дочь || ወለትዬ || Weletye |- | My son || ابني || Mon fils || Mein Sohn || Мой сын || ወልዬ || Welye |- | My baby || طفلي || Mon bébé || Mein Baby || Мой малыш || ጅናዬ || Jinaye |- | This is my brother || هذا أخي || Mon frère || Mein Bruder || Мой брат || እሊ ሑዬ ቱ || Eli huye tu |- | This is my sister || هذه أختي || Ma sœur || Meine Schwester || Моя сестра || እለ ሕቼ ተ || Ela hiche ta |- | This is my father || هذا أبي || Mon père || Mein Vater || Мой отец || እሊ እቡዬ ቱ || Eli buye tu |- | This is my mother || هذه أمي || Ma mère || Meine Mutter || Моя мама || እለ እምዬ ተ || Ela imye ta |- | I'm hungry || انا جائع || J'ai faim || Ich habe Hunger || Я голоден || አነ ስፍሩይ ህሌኮ || Ana sifruy hleko |- | My child is hungry || طفلي جائع || Mon enfant a faim || Mein Kind hat Hunger || Мой ребенок голоден || ወልዬ ስፍሩይ ሀለ || Welye sifruy hala |- | I want to drink || أريد أن أشرب || Je veux boire || Ich will trinken || Я хочу пить || እግል እስቴ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Egil iste haze hleko |- | Water || ماء || Eau || Wasser || Вода || ማይ || May |- | Do you have ___? || هل عندك ___؟ || As-tu ___? || Hast du ___? || У тебя есть ___? || ብእከ___? || Bi'ka ___? |- | Where is ___? || اين ___؟ || Où est ___? || Wo ist ___? || Где ___? || እተየ___? || Eteya ___? |- | Where is the toilet? || أين الحمام؟ || Où sont les toilettes? || Wo ist die Toilette? || Где туалет? || ሽቃቅ እበየ ሀለ? || Shiqaq ebeye hala? |- | I need to take a shower || أنا بحاجة للاستحمام || Je dois me doucher || Ich muss duschen || Мне нужно принять душ || አነ እግል እትሐጸብ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ana egil ethatseb haze hleko |- | Where can I take a shower? || اين باستطاعتي الاستحمام؟ || Où puis-je me doucher? || Wo kann ich duschen? || Где я могу принять душ? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሐጸብ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil ethatseb eqedir? |- | Sanitary pad || فوطة صحية || Serviette hygiénique || Binde || Гигиеническая прокладка || ፎጠት ዓፍየት || Fotet afyet |- | Diaper || حفاظة اطفال || Couche || Windel || Подгузник || ባምበርዝ || Bambariz |- | I need to make a phone call || أنا بحاجة لاجراء مكالمة || Je dois téléphoner || Ich muss telefonieren || Мне нужно позвонить || ተለፎን እግል አተስል ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Telephon egil atesil haze hleko |- | Where can I pray? || اين بامكاني ان اصلي؟ || Où puis-je prier? || Wo kann ich beten? || Где я могу молиться? || ዲብ አየ እግል እትሰሌ እቀድር? || Dib aya egil etsele eqedir? |- | Where can I buy ___? || من اين استطيع ان اشتري؟ || Où puis-je acheter ___? || Wo kann ich ___ kaufen? || Где я могу купить ___? || ምን አየ እግል እትዛቤ እቀድር? || Min aya egil etzabe eqedir? |- | Where can I find ___? || اين اجد ___؟ || Où puis-je trouver ___? || Wo finde ich ___? || Где я могу найти ___? || ዲብ አየ እረክብ___? || Dib aya erekib ___? |- | What time is it? || كم الساعة؟ || Quelle heure est-il? || Wie viel Uhr ist es? || Который час? || ሰዐት ከም ህሌነ? || Se'at kem hlina? |- | I need to sleep || انا / نحن بحاجة للنوم || Je dois dormir || Ich muss schlafen || Мне нужно спать || አነ/ ሕነ ስካብ ነሐዜ ህሌነ || Ane / Hine skab nehaze hlina |- | Where is the subway? || اين المترو || Où est le métro? || Wo ist die U-Bahn? || Где метро? || ሚትሮ እተየ ሀለ? || Mitro eteya hala? |- | I don't have any money || لا أملك نقوداً || Je n'ai pas d'argent || Ich habe kein Geld || У меня нет денег || ሰላዲ አለብዬ || Seladi alebye |- | Do you speak ___? || هل تتكلم اللغة ال ___؟ || Parlez-vous ___? || Sprichst du ___? || Вы говорите на ___? || ህግየ ___ ትትሃጌ? || Higya ___ tit-hage? |- | My German is weak || لغتي الالمانية ضعيفة || Mon allemand est faible || Mein Deutsch ist schwach || Мой немецкий слабый || ህግያዬ እት አልማኒ ሐዋኒት ተ || Higyaye et Almani hawanit ta |- | Can you write that down? || هل يمكنك كتابة ذلك؟ || Pouvez-vous l'écrire? || Kannst du das aufschreiben? || Можете это написать? || እሊ እግል ትክተብ ትቀድር? || Eli egil tikteb tiqedir? |- | I don't understand || لم أفهم || Je ne comprends pas || Ich verstehe nicht || Я не понимаю || ፍህም ኢህሌኮ || Fihim ihleko |- | Help! || النجدة! ساعدني || À l'aide! || Hilfe! || Помогите! || ሰዳይት! ዐይብከ ስዴኒ || Sedayt! Aybka sedeni |- | I don't know || لا اعرف || Je ne sais pas || Ich weiß nicht || Я не знаю || ኢአምር || I'amir |- | What happened? || ماذا حدث؟ || Que s'est-il passé? || Was ist passiert? || Что случилось? || ሚ ጀረ? || Mi jera? |- | I am cold || أنا بردان || J'ai froid || Mir ist kalt || Мне холодно || አነ ቀረርኮ || Ana qerirko |- | I'm happy || أنا سعيد || Je suis content || Ich bin glücklich || Я счастлив || አነ ፋርሕ/ፋርሐት ህሌኮ || Ana farih / farihat hleko |- | I'm scared || أنا خائف || J'ai peur || Ich habe Angst || Я боюсь || አነ እፈርህ ህሌኮ || Ana eferih hleko |- | I'm sad || أنا حزين || Je suis triste || Ich bin traurig || Мне грустно || አነ ግሁይ ህሌኮ || Ana ghuhuy hleko |- | I like you || أكن لك الود || Je t'aime bien || Ich mag dich || Ты мне нравишься || ሕሹም እገብእ እግልከ || Hishum egeb'e egilka |- | Don't worry || لا تقلق || Ne t'inquiète pas || Mach dir keine Sorgen || Не волнуйся || ኢትትሀለግ || Itithaleg |- | I would like an appointment || انا بحاجة لتحديد موعد || Je voudrais un rendez-vous || Ich brauche einen Termin || Мне нужна встреча || መዋዒድ እግል አትሐድስ ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Mewa'id egil athadis haze hleko |- | Where is room number ___? || اين الغرفة رقم ___؟ || Où est la chambre ___? || Wo ist Zimmer ___? || Где комната номер ___? || ኦደት ዕልብ ___ እበየ ህሌት? || Odet ilib ___ ebeya hlet? |- | Where is the registration centre? || اين مركز الاستقبال؟ || Où est le centre d'enregistrement? || Wo ist das Anmeldezentrum? || Где центр регистрации? || መርከዝ ከብቴ/ተስጂል እበየ ሀለ? || Merkez kebte / tesjil ebeya hala? |- | You have to wait || عليكم ان تنتظروا || Vous devez attendre || Sie müssen warten || Вы должны подождать || እግል ትትጸበሮ ብትኩም || Egil titsebero bitkum |- | How long do we have to wait? || كم يتوجب علينا الإنتظار هنا؟ || Combien de temps attendre? || Wie lange müssen wir warten? || Сколько нам ждать? || እንሰር አክልአዪ እግል ንትጸበር ብትነ? || Enser akil'ayi egil nitseber bitna? |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! Tigre - Latin !! العربية !! English !! Français !! Русский !! Deutsch !! Español !! Português |- | አምዕል || Am'il || يوم || Day || Jour || День || Tag || Día || Dia |- | ሳዐት || Sa'at || ساعة || Hour || Heure || Час || Stunde || Hora || Hora |- | ወርሕ || Werh || شهر || Month || Mois || Месяц || Monat || Mes || Mês |- | ሰኒ ቅሩብ || Seni qrub || قريباً جدا || Very soon || Très bientôt || Очень скоро || Sehr bald || Muy pronto || Muito em breve |- | ፈጅር || Fejer || غداً || Tomorrow || Demain || Завтра || Morgen || Mañana || Amanhã |- | ሐቆ ፈጅር || Haqo fejer || بعد غد || Day after tomorrow || Après-demain || Послезавтра || Übermorgen || Pasado mañana || Depois de amanhã |- | ትመጽእ ለህሌት ሳምን || Timetse' lehlet samin || الأسبوع القادم || Next week || La semaine prochaine || На следующей неделе || Nächste Woche || La próxima semana || Na próxima semana |- | እት ቅሩብ እዋን እግል አቅብል ቱ || Et qrub ewan egil aqbil tu || سأعود قريباً || I will return soon || Je reviendrai bientôt || Я скоро вернусь || Ich komme bald zurück || Volveré pronto || Voltarei em breve |- | ሐቴ/ዎሮ || Hate / Woro || واحد || One || Un || Один || Eins || Uno || Um |- | ክልኤ/ክልኦት || Kil'e / Kil'ot || اثنان || Two || Deux || Два || Zwei || Dos || Dois |- | ሰለስ/ ሰልአስ || Seles / Sel'as || ثلاثة || Three || Trois || Три || Drei || Tres || Três |- | አርበዕ || Arba' || أربعة || Four || Quatre || Четыре || Vier || Cuatro || Quatro |- | ሐምስ || Hams || خمسة || Five || Cinq || Пять || Fünf || Cinco || Cinco |- | ስስ || Sis || ستة || Six || Six || Шесть || Sechs || Seis || Seis |- | ሰቡዕ || Sebu' || سبعة || Seven || Sept || Семь || Sieben || Siete || Sete |- | ሰማን || Seman || ثمانية || Eight || Huit || Восемь || Acht || Ocho || Oito |- | ስዕ || Si' || تسعة || Nine || Neuf || Девять || Neun || Nueve || Nove |- | ዐስር || Asir || عشرة || Ten || Dix || Десять || Zehn || Diez || Dez |- | አትኒን || Etnin || الإثنين || Monday || Lundi || Понедельник || Montag || Lunes || Segunda-feira |- | አተሉት || Etelut || الثلاثاء || Tuesday || Mardi || Вторник || Dienstag || Martes || Terça-feira |- | አርቡዕ || Arbu' || الاربعاء || Wednesday || Mercredi || Среда || Mittwoch || Miércoles || Quarta-feira |- | ከሚስ || Kemis || الخميس || Thursday || Jeudi || Четверг || Donnerstag || Jueves || Quinta-feira |- | ጅምዐት || Jim'at || الجمعة || Friday || Vendredi || Пятница || Freitag || Viernes || Sexta-feira |- | ሰንበት ንኢሽ || Senbet ni'ish || السبت || Saturday || Samedi || Суббота || Samstag || Sábado || Sábado |- | ሰንበት ዐባይ || Senbet abay || الاحد || Sunday || Dimanche || Воскресенье || Sonntag || Domingo || Domingo |- | ዩናይር || Yunayir || كانون ثاني || January || Janvier || Январь || Januar || Enero || Janeiro |- | ፋብራይር || Fabrayir || شباط || February || Février || Февраль || Februar || Febrero || Fevereiro |- | ማርስ || Mars || آذار || March || Mars || Март || März || Marzo || Março |- | አፕሪል || April || نيسان || April || Avril || Апрель || April || Abril || Abril |- | ማዮ || Mayo || ايار || May || Mai || Май || Mai || Mayo || Maio |- | ዩንዮ || Yunyo || حزيران || June || Juin || Июнь || Juni || Junio || Junho |- | ዩልዮ || Yulyo || تموز || July || Juillet || Июль || Juli || Julio || Julho |- | አጎስቶስ || Agostos || آب || August || Août || Август || August || Agosto || Agosto |- | ሰብተምበር || Sebtember || ايلول || September || Septembre || Сентябрь || September || Septiembre || Setembro |- | ኦክቶበር || Oktober || تشرين أول || October || Octobre || Октябрь || Oktober || Octubre || Outubro |- | ኖቨምበር || November || تشرين ثاني || November || Novembre || Ноябрь || November || Noviembre || Novembro |- | ዲሰምበር || Disember || كانون أول || December || Décembre || Декабрь || Dezember || Diciembre || Dezembro |- | ዓፍየት || Afyet || الصحة || Health || Santé || Здоровье || Gesundheit || Salud || Saúde |- | አነ ሐኪም ሐዜ ህሌኮ || Ana hakim haze hleko || انا بحاجة لطبيب || I need a doctor || J'ai besoin d'un médecin || Мне нужен врач || Ich brauche einen Arzt || Necesito un médico || Preciso de um médico |- | ዓፍየቼ ሰኔት ኢህሌት || Afyeche senet ihlet || صحتي ليست على مايرام || I am not feeling well || Je ne me sens pas bien || Я плохо себя чувствую || Mir geht es nicht gut || No me siento bien || Não me sinto bem |- | ጅናዬ ሕሙም ሀለ || Jinaye hmum hala || طفلي مريض || My child is sick || Mon enfant est malade || Мой ребенок болен || Mein Kind ist krank || Mi hijo está enfermo || Meu filho está doente |- | አነ ዐምሳት አነ || Ana amsat ana || انا حامل || I am pregnant || Je suis enceinte || Я беременна || Ich bin schwanger || Estoy embarazada || Estou grávida |- | ሐሳስየት ብእዬ || Hasasyet bi'ye || عندي حساسية || I have an allergy || J'ai une allergie || У меня аллергия || Ich habe eine Allergie || Tengo alergia || Tenho alergia |- | ረአሼ ያ ደውር ምንዴ/ እት ረአሼ ደወሻን ልትረኤኒ || Re'ashe ya dewer minde / et re'ashe deweshan litre'eni || احس بدوار في رأسي || I feel dizzy || J'ai des vertiges || У меня кружится голова || Mir ist schwindelig || Me siento mareado || Sinto tontura |- | ሕማም ስከሪ ብእዬ || Hmam skari bi'ye || عندي مرض السكر || I have diabetes || J'ai du diabète || У меня диабет || Ich habe Diabetes || Tengo diabetes || Tenho diabetes |- | ሰኒ እት ኣንሶሊን ሕጉዝ ህሌኮ || Seni et ansolin hguz hleko || انا بحاجة ماسة إلى إنسولين || I urgently need insulin || J'ai besoin d'insuline en urgence || Мне срочно нужен инсулин || Ich brauche dringend Insulin || Necesito insulina urgentemente || Preciso urgentemente de insulina |- | ትቃጨፈት || Tiqachefet || لقد اغتُصبت || I was raped || J'ai été violée || Меня изнасиловали || Ich wurde vergewaltigt || Fui violada || Fui estuprada |- | እት ከብጄ አለም ብእዬ || Et kebje alem bi'ye || عندي الم في بطني || I have stomach pain || J'ai mal au ventre || У меня болит живот || Ich habe Bauchschmerzen || Me duele el estómago || Estou com dor de barriga |- | ሐፋነት ብእዬ || Hafanet bi'ye || عندي حرارة || I have a fever || J'ai de la fièvre || У меня температура || Ich habe Fieber || Tengo fiebre || Estou com febre |- | ምን ወጀዕ ረአስ እጠርዕ || Min weje' re'as etare' || اعاني من صداع في الرأس || I have a headache || J'ai mal à la tête || У меня болит голова || Ich habe Kopfschmerzen || Me duele la cabeza || Estou com dor de cabeça |- | ስዕለት ብእዬ || Si'let bi'ye || عندي سعال || I have a cough || Je tousse || У меня кашель || Ich habe Husten || Tengo tos || Estou com tosse |- | ጅናዬ ስዕለት ቡ/ ሕልቅሙ እንትሁብ ሀለ || Jinaye si'let bu / hilqmu entihub hala || طفلي عنده سعال / حلقه ملتهب || My child has a cough / sore throat || Mon enfant tousse / a mal à la gorge || У моего ребенка кашель / болит горло || Mein Kind hustet / hat Halsschmerzen || Mi hijo tiene tos / dolor de garganta || Meu filho está com tosse / dor de garganta |- | ረሸን/ግንፈእ || Reshen / Ginfe' || رشح / زكام || Cold / flu || Rhume / grippe || Простуда / грипп || Erkältung / Grippe || Resfriado / gripe || Resfriado / gripe |- | ፍጋር || Fgar || إسهال || Diarrhea || Diarrhée || Понос || Durchfall || Diarrea || Diarreia |- | ጠቡጥ || Tbut || إمساك || Constipation || Constipation || Запор || Verstopfung || Estreñimiento || Constipação |- | እንትሃብ ጸልዐት እት ርሕም || Entihab tsil'at et rihim || التهاب فطري مهبلي || Vaginal fungal infection || Infection vaginale fongique || Вагинальная грибковая инфекция || Vaginale Pilzinfektion || Infección vaginal por hongos || Infecção vaginal fúngica |- | መሳራድ ጸልዐት እት እግር || Mesarad tsil'at et egir || إصابة فطرية في القدم || Fungal infection of the foot || Infection fongique du pied || Грибковая инфекция стопы || Pilzinfektion am Fuß || Infección por hongos en el pie || Infecção fúngica no pé |- | ቅመል እት ረአስ || Qimel et re'as || قمل في الرأس || Head lice || Poux de tête || Вши на голове || Kopfläuse || Piojos en la cabeza || Piolhos na cabeça |- | ክሳር/ነብረ || Ksar / Nebra || طعام || Food || Nourriture || Еда || Essen || Comida || Comida |- | ጸብሕ || Tsebh || الغداء || Lunch || Déjeuner || Обед || Mittagessen || Almuerzo || Almoço |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! العربي !! English !! Français !! Русский !! Deutsch !! Español !! Português |- | ድራር || العشاء || Dinner || Dîner || Ужин || Abendessen || Cena || Jantar |- | እለ ነብረ ሐላል ተ? || هل هذا الطعام حلال؟ || Is this food halal? || Cette nourriture est-elle halal? || Эта еда халяльная? || Ist dieses Essen halal? || ¿Esta comida es halal? || Esta comida é halal? |- | አነ ድድ ___ሐሳስየት ብእዬ || انا عندي حساسية ضد ___ || I am allergic to ___ || Je suis allergique à ___ || У меня аллергия на ___ || Ich bin allergisch gegen ___ || Tengo alergia a ___ || Tenho alergia a ___ |- | ስገ ሐሰማ/ስገ ከንዚር || لحم خنزير || Pork || Porc || Свинина || Schweinefleisch || Cerdo || Carne de porco |- | ሰራይር || طيور || Birds / Poultry || Volailles || Птица || Geflügel || Aves || Aves |- | አነ ስገ ሐሰማ/ከንዚር የእበልዕ || أنا لا آكل لحم الخنزير || I don't eat pork || Je ne mange pas de porc || Я не ем свинину || Ich esse kein Schweinefleisch || No como cerdo || Não como carne de porco |- | አነ ስገ ወ ዓሰ የእበልዕ ነባቲ አነ || انا نباتي لا اكل لحمة ولا سمك || I am vegetarian, I don't eat meat or fish || Je suis végétarien, je ne mange ni viande ni poisson || Я вегетарианец, я не ем мясо и рыбу || Ich bin Vegetarier, ich esse kein Fleisch und keinen Fisch || Soy vegetariano, no como carne ni pescado || Sou vegetariano, não como carne nem peixe |- | አነ ቤልዓይ ሐመሊት አነ || انا خُضري || I am vegan || Je suis vegan || Я веган || Ich bin Veganer || Soy vegano || Sou vegano |- | ዓሰ || سمك || Fish || Poisson || Рыба || Fisch || Pescado || Peixe |- | ሕበዝ || خبز || Bread || Pain || Хлеб || Brot || Pan || Pão |- | ማይ || ماء || Water || Eau || Вода || Wasser || Agua || Água |- | ጭመም ለይሙን || ليموناضة || Lemonade || Limonade || Лимонад || Limonade || Limonada || Limonada |- | ሐሊብ || حليب || Milk || Lait || Молоко || Milch || Leche || Leite |- | ቡን || قهوة || Coffee || Café || Кофе || Kaffee || Café || Café |- | ሻሂ || شاي || Tea || Thé || Чай || Tee || Té || Chá |- | ቢረት || بيرة || Beer || Bière || Пиво || Bier || Cerveza || Cerveja |- | ፍሬተት || فاكهة || Fruit || Fruit || Фрукты || Obst || Fruta || Fruta |- | ትፈሕ || تفاح || Apple || Pomme || Яблоко || Apfel || Manzana || Maçã |- | እጃዝ/ከምሸሪ || اجاص / كمثرى || Pear || Poire || Груша || Birne || Pera || Pera |- | ጁሪብፍሩት || جريبفروت || Grapefruit || Pamplemousse || Грейпфрут || Grapefruit || Pomelo || Toranja |- | ምሽምሽ || مشمش || Apricot || Abricot || Абрикос || Aprikose || Albaricoque || Damasco |- | በጣጣ || بطاطا || Potato || Pomme de terre || Картофель || Kartoffel || Patata || Batata |- | ፋሱልየት አክደር/ፉል || فاصوليا خضراء / فول || Green beans / Fava beans || Haricots verts / Fèves || Зеленая фасоль / Бобы || Grüne Bohnen / Dicke Bohnen || Judías verdes / Habas || Feijão verde / Fava |- | ባዝላእ || بازلاء || Peas || Petits pois || Горох || Erbsen || Guisantes || Ervilhas |- | ሕምስ || حمص || Chickpeas || Pois chiches || Нут || Kichererbsen || Garbanzos || Grão-de-bico |- | ባዝንጃን || باذنجان || Eggplant || Aubergine || Баклажан || Aubergine || Berenjena || Berinjela |- | ካሮት || جزر || Carrots || Carottes || Морковь || Karotten || Zanahorias || Cenouras |- | ጠማጥም/ከመዶረ || طماطم / بنادورة || Tomato || Tomate || Помидор || Tomate || Tomate || Tomate |- | ለፈት || لفت || Turnip || Navet || Репа || Rübe || Nabo || Nabo |- | ጥሒን || طحين || Flour || Farine || Мука || Mehl || Harina || Farinha |- | መዐር || عسل || Honey || Miel || Мед || Honig || Miel || Mel |- | ጅብነት || جبنة || Cheese || Fromage || Сыр || Käse || Queso || Queijo |- | ልሜት || لبنة || Labneh / Strained yogurt || Labneh || Лябне || Labneh || Labneh || Labneh |- | ጉዕ || فلفل || Pepper / Chili || Poivre / Piment || Перец || Pfeffer / Chili || Pimienta / Chile || Pimenta / Pimentão |- | ጉዕ አክደር || فلفل أخضر || Green pepper || Poivron vert || Зеленый перец || Grüne Paprika || Pimiento verde || Pimentão verde |- | ሰልሰት || صلصة || Sauce || Sauce || Соус || Soße || Salsa || Molho |- | ዝብደት || زبدة || Butter || Beurre || Масло || Butter || Mantequilla || Manteiga |- | ዜት || زيت || Oil || Huile || Масло || Öl || Aceite || Óleo |- | ልባን || علكة / لبان || Chewing gum || Chewing-gum || Жевательная резинка || Kaugummi || Chicle || Chiclete |- | መልዐቀት/መንካ || ملعقة || Spoon || Cuillère || Ложка || Löffel || Cuchara || Colher |- | ጀርደት/መላጤ || سكين || Knife || Couteau || Нож || Messer || Cuchillo || Faca |- | ሰሓን || طبق || Plate || Assiette || Тарелка || Teller || Plato || Prato |- | ካስ || كأس || Glass || Verre || Стакан || Glas || Vaso || Copo |- | ክባየት || كاسة || Cup || Tasse || Чашка || Tasse || Taza || Xícara |- | በራድ ሻሂ || ابريق شاي || Teapot || Théière || Чайник || Teekanne || Tetera || Bule de chá |- | መላብስ || ملابس || Clothes || Vêtements || Одежда || Kleidung || Ropa || Roupas |- | ቀሚስ || قميص || Shirt || Chemise || Рубашка || Hemd || Camisa || Camisa |- | ፍስታን || فستان || Dress || Robe || Платье || Kleid || Vestido || Vestido |- | እስኬርቲ || تنورة || Skirt || Jupe || Юбка || Rock || Falda || Saia |- | በንጠሎን/ስርዋን || بِنْطال / سروال || Trousers / Pants || Pantalon || Брюки || Hose || Pantalón || Calças |- | ስዊተር || كنزة صوف || Sweater || Pull || Свитер || Pullover || Suéter || Suéter |- | ጅበት || جاكِيت / مِعْطَف || Jacket / Coat || Veste / Manteau || Куртка / Пальто || Jacke / Mantel || Chaqueta / Abrigo || Jaqueta / Casaco |- | ዕማም || حجاب || Hijab || Hijab || Хиджаб || Hijab || Hiyab || Hijab |- | መርኩብ || حذاء كندرة || Shoes || Chaussures || Обувь || Schuhe || Zapatos || Sapatos |- | ቀፋዛት || قفازات || Gloves || Gants || Перчатки || Handschuhe || Guantes || Luvas |- | ሽራባት || كلسات || Socks || Chaussettes || Носки || Socken || Calcetines || Meias |- | መላብስ ጅወ || ملابس داخلية || Underwear || Sous-vêtements || Нижнее белье || Unterwäsche || Ropa interior || Roupa íntima |- | አንክራት || الجهات || Directions || Directions || Направления || Richtungen || Direcciones || Direções |- | ቅብለት || شمال || North || Nord || Север || Norden || Norte || Norte |- | ግብለት || جنوب || South || Sud || Юг || Süden || Sur || Sul |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! ትግሬ - ግእዝ !! العربية !! English !! Français !! Русский !! Deutsch !! Español !! Português |- | ምፍጋር ጸሓይ || شرق || East || Est || Восток || Osten || Este || Leste |- | ምውዳቅ ጸሓይ || غرب || West || Ouest || Запад || Westen || Oeste || Oeste |- | ለዐል || فوق / اعلى || Above / Up || Au-dessus / En haut || Вверху || Oben || Arriba || Acima |- | ሐንቴ || اسفل || Below / Down || En bas || Внизу || Unten || Abajo || Abaixo |- | ሸንከት ድገለብ/አስክ ድገለብ || إلى اليسار || To the left || À gauche || Налево || Nach links || A la izquierda || À esquerda |- | ሸንከት ድማን/አስክ አን || إلى اليمين || To the right || À droite || Направо || Nach rechts || A la derecha || À direita |- | ጅወ || في الداخل || Inside || À l'intérieur || Внутри || Drinnen || Dentro || Dentro |- | እት በረ || في الخارج || Outside || À l'extérieur || Снаружи || Draußen || Fuera || Fora |- | ሆስፒታል || مستشفى || Hospital || Hôpital || Больница || Krankenhaus || Hospital || Hospital |- | ፈርማሲ/እስፕዳልየት || صيدلية || Pharmacy || Pharmacie || Аптека || Apotheke || Farmacia || Farmácia |- | ዕያደት || عيادة || Clinic || Clinique || Клиника || Klinik || Clínica || Clínica |- | በሪድ || بريد || Post office || Poste || Почта || Post || Correos || Correios |- | ባንከት || مصرف || Bank || Banque || Банк || Bank || Banco || Banco |- | መብጸሪ ባስ || موقف باص / موقف حافلة || Bus stop || Arrêt de bus || Автобусная остановка || Bushaltestelle || Parada de autobús || Parada de ônibus |- | ምዕራፍ ባቡር || محطة قطار || Train station || Gare || Вокзал || Bahnhof || Estación de tren || Estação de trem |- | አካን ፖሊስ || مخفر شرطة || Police station || Commissariat || Полицейский участок || Polizeiwache || Comisaría || Delegacia |- | መቅሰኒት || اطفائية || Fire station || Caserne de pompiers || Пожарная станция || Feuerwehr || Estación de bomberos || Corpo de bombeiros |- | ምዕራፍ ሜትሮ አግባብ || محطة مترو الانفاق || Subway station || Station de métro || Станция метро || U-Bahn-Station || Estación de metro || Estação de metrô |- | ምግባይት ምዕራፍ || المحطة المركزية || Central station || Gare centrale || Центральный вокзал || Hauptbahnhof || Estación central || Estação central |- | ምዴርየት || بلدية || Municipality / Town hall || Mairie || Муниципалитет || Rathaus || Ayuntamiento || Prefeitura |- | መድረሰት || مدرسة || School || École || Школа || Schule || Escuela || Escola |- | ጃምዐት || جامعة || University || Université || Университет || Universität || Universidad || Universidade |- | መጣር || مطار || Airport || Aéroport || Аэропорт || Flughafen || Aeropuerto || Aeroporto |- | ሚነት || ميناء || Port || Port || Порт || Hafen || Puerto || Porto |- | ምግብ መዲነት || مركز المدينة || City centre || Centre-ville || Центр города || Stadtzentrum || Centro de la ciudad || Centro da cidade |- | ሱፐር ማርኬት || بقالية / سوبر ماركت || Grocery / Supermarket || Épicerie / Supermarché || Продуктовый магазин / Супермаркет || Lebensmittelgeschäft / Supermarkt || Tienda / Supermercado || Mercearia / Supermercado |- | መክተበት || مكتبة || Library || Bibliothèque || Библиотека || Bibliothek || Biblioteca || Biblioteca |- | መክተበት/ድካን አክትበት || مكتبة، متجر للكتب || Bookshop || Librairie || Книжный магазин || Buchhandlung || Librería || Livraria |- | ድዋር/ባካት/ደዋይሕ || ضواحي || Suburbs || Banlieue || Пригород || Vororte || Afueras || Subúrbios |- | በር || ريف || Countryside || Campagne || Деревня || Land || Campo || Campo |- | ከኒሰት || كنيسة || Church || Église || Церковь || Kirche || Iglesia || Igreja |- | ምስጅድ/ጃምዕ || مسجد || Mosque || Mosquée || Мечеть || Moschee || Mezquita || Mesquita |- | መጥዐም/ቤት ነብረ || مطعم || Restaurant || Restaurant || Ресторан || Restaurant || Restaurante || Restaurante |- | መዋሰላት ዓመት || مواصلات عامة || Public transport || Transports en commun || Общественный транспорт || Öffentliche Verkehrsmittel || Transporte público || Transporte público |- | መኪነት || سيارة || Car || Voiture || Машина || Auto || Coche || Carro |- | ኣውቶቢስ || حافلة || Bus || Bus || Автобус || Bus || Autobús || Ônibus |- | ባቡር/ቅጣር || قطار || Train || Train || Поезд || Zug || Tren || Trem |- | ባቡር || ترام || Tram || Tramway || Трамвай || Straßenbahn || Tranvía || Bonde |- | ሰፊነት || سفينة || Ship || Bateau || Корабль || Schiff || Barco || Navio |- | ዶንክ || قارب || Boat || Bateau || Лодка || Boot || Barco || Barco |- | ሄሌኮፕተር || طائرة مروحية || Helicopter || Hélicoptère || Вертолет || Hubschrauber || Helicóptero || Helicóptero |- | በራሪት/ጥያረት || طائرة || Plane || Avion || Самолет || Flugzeug || Avión || Avião |- | መኪነት ጽዕኔ || شاحنة || Truck || Camion || Грузовик || Lastwagen || Camión || Caminhão |- | መኪነት ጽዕኔ ንኢሽ || شاحنة صغيرة || Small truck / Van || Petit camion / Fourgonnette || Небольшой грузовик / Фургон || Kleiner Lastwagen / Lieferwagen || Camioneta / Furgoneta || Caminhonete / Van |- | መኪነት ራድኢት || سيارة اسعاف || Ambulance || Ambulance || Скорая помощь || Krankenwagen || Ambulancia || Ambulância |- | ዶንክ ደሐን || قارب نجاة || Lifeboat || Canot de sauvetage || Спасательная лодка || Rettungsboot || Bote salvavidas || Bote salva-vidas |- | መሐንበሲት || طوافة / عوامة || Float / Buoy || Bouée || Поплавок / Буй || Schwimmreifen / Boje || Flotador / Boya || Boia |- | ዐጀለት || دراجة هوائية || Bicycle || Vélo || Велосипед || Fahrrad || Bicicleta || Bicicleta |- | ሞተር || دراجة نارية || Motorcycle || Moto || Мотоцикл || Motorrad || Moto || Moto |- | ታክሲ || سيارة اجرة || Taxi || Taxi || Такси || Taxi || Taxi || Táxi |- | ኣንተሬ || أثاث || Furniture || Meubles || Мебель || Möbel || Muebles || Móveis |- | ዐራት || سرير || Bed || Lit || Кровать || Bett || Cama || Cama |- | ሸፈት || بطانية || Blanket || Couverture || Одеяло || Decke || Manta || Cobertor |- | ኑር || مصباح || Lamp || Lampe || Лампа || Lampe || Lámpara || Lâmpada |} k7awzxo09fugvrbpwy71dr1irg154vl 0 486990 4680698 2026-11-07T16:41:04Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 I made it 4680698 wikitext text/x-wiki As we know, there are many types of '''renewable sources of energy'''—some of them being wind energy, solar energy, hydro energy, bioenergy and geothermal energy.<ref>{{Citation |title=Renewable energy |date=2026-11-07 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy&oldid=1384201147 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and take millions of years to form, renewable sources are continually renewed as time goes on.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-11-02 |title=Renewable energy {{!}} Types, Benefits, Growth, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/renewable-energy |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> In this book, we will learn about the renewable sources of energy and its types, history, as well as other emerging technologies. == Table of Contents == # [[Renewable Sources of Energy Explained/Wind Energy|Wind Energy]] # [[Renewable Sources of Energy Explained/Solar Energy|Solar Energy]] # [[Renewable Sources of Energy Explained/Hydro Energy|Hydro Energy]] # [[Renewable Sources of Energy Explained/Bioenergy|Bioenergy]] # [[Renewable Sources of Energy Explained/Geothermal Energy|Geothermal Energy]] # [[Renewable Sources of Energy Explained/Other Renewable Sources of Energy|Other Renewable Sources of Energy]] === Hope You Enjoy Reading! === == See Also == # [[Renewable Sources of Energy Explained/Editing Rules|Editing Rules]] # pq2p6kjvtvfjp71yop0oosavp3btpl9 4680699 4680698 2026-11-07T16:42:05Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 I made it 4680699 wikitext text/x-wiki As we know, there are many types of '''renewable sources of energy'''—some of them being wind energy, solar energy, hydro energy, bioenergy and geothermal energy.<ref>{{Citation |title=Renewable energy |date=2026-11-07 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy&oldid=1384201147 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and take millions of years to form, renewable sources are continually renewed as time goes on.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-11-02 |title=Renewable energy {{!}} Types, Benefits, Growth, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/renewable-energy |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> In this book, we will learn about the renewable sources of energy and its types, history, as well as other emerging technologies. == Table of Contents == # [[Renewable Sources of Energy Explained/Wind Energy|Wind Energy]] # [[Renewable Sources of Energy Explained/Solar Energy|Solar Energy]] # [[Renewable Sources of Energy Explained/Hydro Energy|Hydro Energy]] # [[Renewable Sources of Energy Explained/Bioenergy|Bioenergy]] # [[Renewable Sources of Energy Explained/Geothermal Energy|Geothermal Energy]] # [[Renewable Sources of Energy Explained/Other Renewable Sources of Energy|Other Renewable Sources of Energy]] === Hope You Enjoy Reading! === == See Also == # [[Renewable Sources of Energy Explained/Editing Rules|Editing Rules]] #[[Talk:Renewable Sources of Energy Explained|Discussion]] == References == raqcj1ydqvybcjxcxvpk8fip6g2ypu5 4680709 4680699 2026-11-07T17:15:10Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Blanked the page 4680709 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 4680812 4680709 2026-11-08T02:42:44Z MathXplore 3097823 Requesting deletion ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]] v3.1d) 4680812 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{delete|1=Author's request. Empty page <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small>}}</noinclude> lix8dq1zt8hdkt8i57vre1v5qm1m3uk 1 486991 4680700 2026-11-07T16:44:21Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 /* This is the Talk Page for Renewable Sources of Energy Explained */ new section 4680700 wikitext text/x-wiki == This is the Talk Page for Renewable Sources of Energy Explained == This is the [[Wikibooks:Talk page|talk page]] of '''Renewable Sources of Energy Explained'''. [[User:ActStuffOGWiki|ActStuffOGWiki]] ([[User talk:ActStuffOGWiki|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ActStuffOGWiki|contribs]]) 16:44, 7 November 2026 (UTC) k3jvp07ggkmom3x10l1p5qsdat8htlj 4 486992 4680712 2026-11-07T17:22:47Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Created blank page 4680712 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 4680716 4680712 2026-11-07T17:55:51Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called overediting (editing too much). Editors should also generally integrate new material where it logically belongs rather than simply adding it to the end of a page, and they should define specialized terms, avoid broad unsupported claims, check facts, and cite reliable sources when appropriate. o44swow80g1gxb4wxagwsmkpc3s00rd 4680719 4680716 2026-11-07T18:02:36Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === Wikibooks encourages editors to [[Wikibooks:Be bold|'''be bold''']] in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. Boldness does not mean recklessness: major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors. Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and cite reliable sources where appropriate === Dewikification === In Wikipedia, hh7sxbsggvv715813q3in2hlcco8a14 4680721 4680719 2026-11-07T18:07:58Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === Wikibooks encourages editors to [[Wikibooks:Be bold|'''be bold''']] in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. Boldness does not mean recklessness: major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors. Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and cite reliable sources where appropriate. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, etc. 819xo28rpq0jr62n6merbbiaz188daz 4680734 4680721 2026-11-07T19:59:14Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 mark as draft 4680734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === Wikibooks encourages editors to [[Wikibooks:Be bold|'''be bold''']] in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. Boldness does not mean recklessness: major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors. Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and cite reliable sources where appropriate. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, etc. 66ccr5hz94pi0al4vte5vxrzsj8g2mr 4680858 4680734 2026-11-08T05:49:50Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === {{See also|Wikibooks:Be bold}} Wikibooks encourages editors to '''be bold''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not needed, templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === {{See also|Wikibooks:ES}} 6nrsvjvcrwz669ll4s3lz57mpll77xi 4680861 4680858 2026-11-08T05:55:10Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === {{See also|Wikibooks:Be bold}} Wikibooks encourages editors to '''be bold''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not needed, templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === {{See also|Wikibooks:ES}}Contributors should fill in the '''edit''' '''summary''' field before saving. A good summary explains what changed and why, helping other editors review the history and understand the intention behind an edit. Editors are also encouraged to preview changes before saving and to edit a single section when that is sufficient. These practices reduce accidental errors, make collaboration easier, and help prevent edit conflicts. == Core Content Standards == === Neutral Point of View === h9whziqceqg6pc3dqhcincz1c2epxbh 4680870 4680861 2026-11-08T06:25:29Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === {{See also|Wikibooks:Be bold}} Wikibooks encourages editors to '''be bold''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not required (general sources are), templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === {{See also|Wikibooks:ES}}Contributors should fill in the '''edit summary''' field before saving. A good summary explains what changed and why, helping other editors review the history and understand the intention behind an edit. Editors are also encouraged to preview changes before saving and to edit a single section when that is sufficient. These practices reduce accidental errors, make collaboration easier, and help prevent edit conflicts, a.k.a edit wars. == Core Content Standards == {{Shortcut|WB:CONTENT|WB:CCS}} There are four main '''core content standards''' in Wikibooks. Some of them include [[WB:NPOV]], WB:VERIFY, as well as [[Wikibooks:Copyrights|WB:COPYRIGHT]]. === Neutral Point of View === {{See also|Wikibooks:NPOV}} All Wikibooks content must maintain a '''neutral point of view'''. Books may not become platforms for promoting religious, political, commercial, or other partisan viewpoints. However, neutrality does not prevent instructional writing. Unlike an encyclopedia, Wikibooks may explain procedures, teach skills, and recommend practical approaches; the requirement is that instructional claims be presented responsibly and supported where appropriate. "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations, etc." === Verifiability === Wikibooks content should be '''verifiable''' and, at the bottom of the page, properly referenced with all the sources you used. Contributors are expected to check facts, avoid propaganda or unsupported research, and provide references for factual claims (at the bottom of the page). A bibliography or references page can collect cited sources and additional reading. Wikibooks' style guidance identifies <code>References</code> and <code>Further Reading</code> as common page names for this purpose. Verifiability is not needed for cookbooks or manuals—but definitely needed for textbooks. Also, you don't need to put citations, just put general references you used—either the URL or the page title. pk8awwmsnxzd5p948eyxksd2dfuuwpg 4680872 4680870 2026-11-08T06:29:53Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === {{See also|Wikibooks:Be bold}} Wikibooks encourages editors to '''be bold''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not required (general sources are), templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === {{See also|Wikibooks:ES}}Contributors should fill in the '''edit summary''' field before saving. A good summary explains what changed and why, helping other editors review the history and understand the intention behind an edit. Editors are also encouraged to preview changes before saving and to edit a single section when that is sufficient. These practices reduce accidental errors, make collaboration easier, and help prevent edit conflicts, a.k.a edit wars. == Core Content Standards == {{Shortcut|WB:CONTENT|WB:CCS}} There are four main '''core content standards''' in Wikibooks. Some of them include [[WB:NPOV]], [[WB:VERIFY]], as well as [[Wikibooks:Copyrights|WB:COPYRIGHT]]. === Neutral Point of View === {{See also|Wikibooks:NPOV}} All Wikibooks content must maintain a '''neutral point of view'''. Books may not become platforms for promoting religious, political, commercial, or other partisan viewpoints. However, neutrality does not prevent instructional writing. Unlike an encyclopedia, Wikibooks may explain procedures, teach skills, and recommend practical approaches; the requirement is that instructional claims be presented responsibly and supported where appropriate. "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations, etc." === Verifiability === {{Shortcut|WB:VERIFY}} Wikibooks content should be '''verifiable''' and, at the bottom of the page, properly referenced with all the sources you used. Contributors are expected to check facts, avoid propaganda or unsupported research, and provide references for factual claims (at the bottom of the page). A bibliography or references page can collect cited sources and additional reading. Wikibooks' style guidance identifies <code>References</code> and <code>Further Reading</code> as common page names for this purpose. Verifiability is not needed for cookbooks or manuals—but definitely needed for textbooks. Also, you don't need to put citations, just put general references you used—either the URL or the page title. === Copyright === {{See also|WB:Copyrights}} rjar4qrxnnvuozmzoe9xaac26lug36s 4680873 4680872 2026-11-08T06:34:14Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === {{See also|Wikibooks:Be bold}} Wikibooks encourages editors to '''be bold''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not required (general sources are), templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === {{See also|Wikibooks:ES}}Contributors should fill in the '''edit summary''' field before saving. A good summary explains what changed and why, helping other editors review the history and understand the intention behind an edit. Editors are also encouraged to preview changes before saving and to edit a single section when that is sufficient. These practices reduce accidental errors, make collaboration easier, and help prevent edit conflicts, a.k.a edit wars. == Core Content Standards == {{Shortcut|WB:CONTENT|WB:CCS}} There are four main '''core content standards''' in Wikibooks. Some of them include [[WB:NPOV]], [[WB:VERIFY]], as well as [[WB:COPY]]. === Neutral Point of View === {{See also|Wikibooks:NPOV}} All Wikibooks content must maintain a '''neutral point of view'''. Books should not become platforms for promoting religious, political, commercial, or other partisan viewpoints. However, neutrality does not prevent instructional writing. Unlike an encyclopedia, Wikibooks may explain procedures, teach skills, and recommend practical approaches; the requirement is that instructional claims be presented responsibly and supported where appropriate. "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations, etc." === Verifiability === {{Shortcut|WB:VERIFY}} Wikibooks content should be '''verifiable''' and, at the bottom of the page, properly referenced with all the sources you used. Contributors are expected to check facts, avoid propaganda or unsupported research, and provide references for factual claims (at the bottom of the page). A bibliography or references page can collect cited sources and additional reading. Wikibooks' style guidance identifies <code>References</code> and <code>Further Reading</code> as common page names for this purpose. Verifiability is not needed for cookbooks or manuals—but definitely needed for textbooks. Also, you don't need to put citations, just put general references you used—either the URL or the page title. === Copyright Compliance === {{See also|Wikibooks:COPY}}'''Copyright compliance''' is an important editing requirement. Contributors must not add copyrighted text, images, or other media without an appropriate license or permission. Infringing material might be removed. The media policy governs file use, while the naming policy governs page titles. New books are specifically expected to observe the copyright, media, neutrality, and naming rules. The only Wikibooks content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikibooks/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission. Also, since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any book on Wikibooks which cites sources will link to copyrighted material. === Formatting === fmfv4s820alfzx61sudg8eww8f8rbjy 4680874 4680873 2026-11-08T06:38:24Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === {{See also|Wikibooks:Be bold}} Wikibooks encourages editors to '''be bold''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not required (general sources are), templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === {{See also|Wikibooks:ES}} == Core Content Standards == {{Shortcut|WB:CONTENT|WB:CCS}} There are four main '''core content standards''' in Wikibooks. Some of them include [[WB:NPOV]], [[WB:VERIFY]], as well as [[WB:COPY]]. === Neutral Point of View === {{See also|Wikibooks:NPOV}} All Wikibooks content must maintain a '''neutral point of view'''. Books should not become platforms for promoting religious, political, commercial, or other partisan viewpoints. However, neutrality does not prevent instructional writing. Unlike an encyclopedia, Wikibooks may explain procedures, teach skills, and recommend practical approaches; the requirement is that instructional claims be presented responsibly and supported where appropriate. "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations, etc." === Verifiability === {{Shortcut|WB:VERIFY}} Wikibooks content should be '''verifiable''' and, at the bottom of the page, properly referenced with all the sources you used. Contributors are expected to check facts, avoid propaganda or unsupported research, and provide references for factual claims (at the bottom of the page). A bibliography or references page can collect cited sources and additional reading. Wikibooks' style guidance identifies <code>References</code> and <code>Further Reading</code> as common page names for this purpose. Verifiability is not needed for cookbooks or manuals—but definitely needed for textbooks. Also, you don't need to put citations, just put general references you used—either the URL or the page title. === Copyright Compliance === {{See also|Wikibooks:COPY}}'''Copyright compliance''' is an important editing requirement. Contributors must not add copyrighted text, images, or other media without an appropriate license or permission. Infringing material might be removed. The media policy governs file use, while the naming policy governs page titles. New books are specifically expected to observe the copyright, media, neutrality, and naming rules. The only Wikibooks content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikibooks/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission. Also, since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any book on Wikibooks which cites sources will link to copyrighted material. === Formatting === 54f43pxxz5783coxu7pvjqcuaj7r73i 4680875 4680874 2026-11-08T06:39:19Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === {{See also|Wikibooks:Be bold}} Wikibooks encourages editors to '''be bold''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not required (general sources are), templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === Contributors should fill in the '''edit summary''' field before saving. A good summary explains what changed and why, helping other editors review the history and understand the intention behind an edit. Editors are also encouraged to preview changes before saving and to edit a single section when that is sufficient. These practices reduce accidental errors, make collaboration easier, and help prevent edit conflicts, a.k.a edit wars. == Core Content Standards == {{Shortcut|WB:CONTENT|WB:CCS}} There are four main '''core content standards''' in Wikibooks. Some of them include [[WB:NPOV]], [[WB:VERIFY]], as well as [[WB:COPY]]. === Neutral Point of View === {{See also|Wikibooks:NPOV}} All Wikibooks content must maintain a '''neutral point of view'''. Books should not become platforms for promoting religious, political, commercial, or other partisan viewpoints. However, neutrality does not prevent instructional writing. Unlike an encyclopedia, Wikibooks may explain procedures, teach skills, and recommend practical approaches; the requirement is that instructional claims be presented responsibly and supported where appropriate. "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations, etc." === Verifiability === {{Shortcut|WB:VERIFY}} Wikibooks content should be '''verifiable''' and, at the bottom of the page, properly referenced with all the sources you used. Contributors are expected to check facts, avoid propaganda or unsupported research, and provide references for factual claims (at the bottom of the page). A bibliography or references page can collect cited sources and additional reading. Wikibooks' style guidance identifies <code>References</code> and <code>Further Reading</code> as common page names for this purpose. Verifiability is not needed for cookbooks or manuals—but definitely needed for textbooks. Also, you don't need to put citations, just put general references you used—either the URL or the page title. === Copyright Compliance === {{See also|Wikibooks:COPY}} === Formatting === 5o2thw442tuu374hn2nf4vfi2g03gt2 4680876 4680875 2026-11-08T06:48:39Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === Wikibooks encourages editors to '''[[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]]''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not required (general sources are), templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === Contributors should fill in the '''[[Wikibooks:ES|edit summary]]''' field before saving. A good summary explains what changed and why, helping other editors review the history and understand the intention behind an edit. Editors are also encouraged to preview changes before saving and to edit a single section when that is sufficient. These practices reduce accidental errors, make collaboration easier, and help prevent edit conflicts, a.k.a edit wars. == Core Content Standards == {{Shortcut|WB:CONTENT|WB:CCS}} There are four main '''core content standards''' in Wikibooks. Some of them include [[WB:NPOV]], [[WB:VERIFY]], as well as [[WB:COPY]]. === Neutral Point of View === All Wikibooks content must maintain a '''[[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]]'''. Books should not become platforms for promoting religious, political, commercial, or other partisan viewpoints. However, neutrality does not prevent instructional writing. Unlike an encyclopedia, Wikibooks may explain procedures, teach skills, and recommend practical approaches; the requirement is that instructional claims be presented responsibly and supported where appropriate. "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations, etc." === Verifiability === {{Shortcut|WB:VERIFY}} Wikibooks content should be '''verifiable''' and, at the bottom of the page, properly referenced with all the sources you used. Contributors are expected to check facts, avoid propaganda or unsupported research, and provide references for factual claims (at the bottom of the page). A bibliography or references page can collect cited sources and additional reading. Wikibooks' style guidance identifies <code>References</code> and <code>Further Reading</code> as common page names for this purpose. Verifiability is not needed for cookbooks or manuals—but definitely needed for textbooks. Also, you don't need to put citations, just put general references you used—either the URL or the page title. === Copyright Compliance === '''[[Wikibooks:Copyrights|Copyright compliance]]''' is an important editing requirement. Contributors must not add copyrighted text, images, or other media without an appropriate license or permission. Infringing material might be removed. The media policy governs file use, while the naming policy governs page titles. New books are specifically expected to observe the copyright, media, neutrality, and naming rules. The only Wikibooks content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikibooks/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission. Also, since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any book on Wikibooks which cites sources will link to copyrighted material. === Writing Style === Wikibooks' '''[[Wikibooks:Manual of Style|writing style]]''' recommends clear structure, accessible prose, and consistent formatting. It advises bolding the first use of a page-title-like term, italicizing newly introduced terms, and using headings to divide content logically. Editors should avoid deeply nested sections with very little content. Instead, small related subsections can be merged into a chapter and separated by headings, improving readability and navigation. For technical books, the applicable software version should be stated clearly, because instructions and screenshots can become obsolete. Color choices should also be made with accessibility in mind. == Book Structure == The '''book structure''' in Wikibooks consists of three main parts—some of them being WB:TITLE and WB:NAVIGATE. === Title and Chapters === 346dxgardjtmz4r39s6g2n0m7wlaayg 4680879 4680876 2026-11-08T06:59:52Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === Wikibooks encourages editors to '''[[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]]''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not required (general sources are), templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === Contributors should fill in the '''[[Wikibooks:ES|edit summary]]''' field before saving. A good summary explains what changed and why, helping other editors review the history and understand the intention behind an edit. Editors are also encouraged to preview changes before saving and to edit a single section when that is sufficient. These practices reduce accidental errors, make collaboration easier, and help prevent edit conflicts, a.k.a edit wars. == Core Content Standards == {{Shortcut|WB:CONTENT|WB:CCS}} There are four main '''core content standards''' in Wikibooks. Some of them include [[WB:NPOV]], [[WB:VERIFY]], as well as [[WB:COPY]]. === Neutral Point of View === All Wikibooks content must maintain a '''[[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]]'''. Books should not become platforms for promoting religious, political, commercial, or other partisan viewpoints. However, neutrality does not prevent instructional writing. Unlike an encyclopedia, Wikibooks may explain procedures, teach skills, and recommend practical approaches; the requirement is that instructional claims be presented responsibly and supported where appropriate. "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations, etc." === Verifiability === {{Shortcut|WB:VERIFY}} Wikibooks content should be '''verifiable''' and, at the bottom of the page, properly referenced with all the sources you used. Contributors are expected to check facts, avoid propaganda or unsupported research, and provide references for factual claims (at the bottom of the page). A bibliography or references page can collect cited sources and additional reading. Wikibooks' style guidance identifies <code>References</code> and <code>Further Reading</code> as common page names for this purpose. Verifiability is not needed for cookbooks or manuals—but definitely needed for textbooks. Also, you don't need to put citations, just put general references you used—either the URL or the page title. === Copyright Compliance === '''[[Wikibooks:Copyrights|Copyright compliance]]''' is an important editing requirement. Contributors must not add copyrighted text, images, or other media without an appropriate license or permission. Infringing material might be removed. The media policy governs file use, while the naming policy governs page titles. New books are specifically expected to observe the copyright, media, neutrality, and naming rules. The only Wikibooks content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikibooks/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission. Also, since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any book on Wikibooks which cites sources will link to copyrighted material. === Writing Style === Wikibooks' '''[[Wikibooks:Manual of Style|writing style]]''' recommends clear structure, accessible prose, and consistent formatting. It advises bolding the first use of a page-title-like term, italicizing newly introduced terms, and using headings to divide content logically. Editors should avoid deeply nested sections with very little content. Instead, small related subsections can be merged into a chapter and separated by headings, improving readability and navigation. For technical books, the applicable software version should be stated clearly, because instructions and screenshots can become obsolete. Color choices should also be made with accessibility in mind. == Book Structure == {{Shortcut|WB:BS|WB:BOOKLAYOUT}} The '''book structure''' in Wikibooks consists of three main parts—some of them being WB:SP and WB:NAVIGATE. === Titles and Subpages === Book '''[[Wikibooks:Title pages|titles]]''' should reflect the book’s aspect—its intended audience, scope, and depth. For example, a general woodworking textbook may be titled ''Woodworking'', while a mathematics textbook for commerce students may be titled ''Mathematics for Commerce'' rather than simply ''Mathematics''. Descriptive subpage names are preferred over numbered chapter names when making a '''subpage'''. A page such as ''Chess/Notating The Game'' communicates its subject and makes it easier to insert or reorder chapters later than a name such as ''Chess/Chapter 10''. It's also good to point a central discussion page for the whole book so that contributors have one place for discussing book-related issues. === Main Page and Navigation === ibhwkq2m8pozilsw3c736yt5fzgek9a 4680883 4680879 2026-11-08T07:05:59Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === Wikibooks encourages editors to '''[[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]]''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not required (general sources are), templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === Contributors should fill in the '''[[Wikibooks:ES|edit summary]]''' field before saving. A good summary explains what changed and why, helping other editors review the history and understand the intention behind an edit. Editors are also encouraged to preview changes before saving and to edit a single section when that is sufficient. These practices reduce accidental errors, make collaboration easier, and help prevent edit conflicts, a.k.a edit wars. == Core Content Standards == {{Shortcut|WB:CONTENT|WB:CCS}} There are four main '''core content standards''' in Wikibooks. Some of them include [[WB:NPOV]], [[WB:VERIFY]], as well as [[WB:COPY]]. === Neutral Point of View === All Wikibooks content must maintain a '''[[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]]'''. Books should not become platforms for promoting religious, political, commercial, or other partisan viewpoints. However, neutrality does not prevent instructional writing. Unlike an encyclopedia, Wikibooks may explain procedures, teach skills, and recommend practical approaches; the requirement is that instructional claims be presented responsibly and supported where appropriate. "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations, etc." === Verifiability === {{Shortcut|WB:VERIFY}} Wikibooks content should be '''verifiable''' and, at the bottom of the page, properly referenced with all the sources you used. Contributors are expected to check facts, avoid propaganda or unsupported research, and provide references for factual claims (at the bottom of the page). A bibliography or references page can collect cited sources and additional reading. Wikibooks' style guidance identifies <code>References</code> and <code>Further Reading</code> as common page names for this purpose. Verifiability is not needed for cookbooks or manuals—but definitely needed for textbooks. Also, you don't need to put citations, just put general references you used—either the URL or the page title. === Copyright Compliance === '''[[Wikibooks:Copyrights|Copyright compliance]]''' is an important editing requirement. Contributors must not add copyrighted text, images, or other media without an appropriate license or permission. Infringing material might be removed. The media policy governs file use, while the naming policy governs page titles. New books are specifically expected to observe the copyright, media, neutrality, and naming rules. The only Wikibooks content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikibooks/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission. Also, since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any book on Wikibooks which cites sources will link to copyrighted material. === Writing Style === Wikibooks' '''[[Wikibooks:Manual of Style|writing style]]''' recommends clear structure, accessible prose, and consistent formatting. It advises bolding the first use of a page-title-like term, italicizing newly introduced terms, and using headings to divide content logically. Editors should avoid deeply nested sections with very little content. Instead, small related subsections can be merged into a chapter and separated by headings, improving readability and navigation. For technical books, the applicable software version should be stated clearly, because instructions and screenshots can become obsolete. Color choices should also be made with accessibility in mind. == Book Structure == {{Shortcut|WB:BS|WB:BOOKLAYOUT}} The '''book structure''' in Wikibooks consists of three main parts—some of them being WB:SP and WB:NAVIGATE. === Titles and Subpages === Book '''[[Wikibooks:Title pages|titles]]''' should reflect the book’s aspect—its intended audience, scope, and depth. For example, a general woodworking textbook may be titled ''Woodworking'', while a mathematics textbook for commerce students may be titled ''Mathematics for Commerce'' rather than simply ''Mathematics''. Descriptive subpage names are preferred over numbered chapter names when making a '''subpage'''. A page such as ''Chess/Notating The Game'' communicates its subject and makes it easier to insert or reorder chapters later than a name such as ''Chess/Chapter 10''. It's also good to point a central discussion page for the whole book so that contributors have one place for discussing book-related issues. === Main Page and Navigation === {{Shortcut|WB:MAINPAGE|WB:NAVIGATE}} The '''main page''' is usually the first page a reader encounters when opening a Wikibook, so it should immediately communicate what the book is about, who it is for, and how it is organized. Rather than using a decorative “splash page” with little practical information, editors should make the main page a functional entry point that gives a concise overview of the book’s scope, intended audience, and layout. In many cases, the simplest and most effective main page is essentially the book’s full table of contents, allowing readers to see the available material at a glance. '''Navigation''' contains links and templates that help readers move between related pages in a book. They can include links to the previous and next chapter, a link back to the table of contents, links to a book’s introduction or glossary, and links to related sections. Their purpose is to make a multi-page book feel coherent rather than like a collection of disconnected web pages. === Supporting Pages === s0w7aflmsqaf4civ9zubfzz66mym5jo 4680884 4680883 2026-11-08T07:08:52Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === Wikibooks encourages editors to '''[[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]]''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not required (general sources are), templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === Contributors should fill in the '''[[Wikibooks:ES|edit summary]]''' field before saving. A good summary explains what changed and why, helping other editors review the history and understand the intention behind an edit. Editors are also encouraged to preview changes before saving and to edit a single section when that is sufficient. These practices reduce accidental errors, make collaboration easier, and help prevent edit conflicts, a.k.a edit wars. == Core Content Standards == {{Shortcut|WB:CONTENT|WB:CCS}} There are four main '''core content standards''' in Wikibooks. Some of them include [[WB:NPOV]], [[WB:VERIFY]], as well as [[WB:COPY]]. === Neutral Point of View === All Wikibooks content must maintain a '''[[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]]'''. Books should not become platforms for promoting religious, political, commercial, or other partisan viewpoints. However, neutrality does not prevent instructional writing. Unlike an encyclopedia, Wikibooks may explain procedures, teach skills, and recommend practical approaches; the requirement is that instructional claims be presented responsibly and supported where appropriate. "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations, etc." === Verifiability === {{Shortcut|WB:VERIFY}} Wikibooks content should be '''verifiable''' and, at the bottom of the page, properly referenced with all the sources you used. Contributors are expected to check facts, avoid propaganda or unsupported research, and provide references for factual claims (at the bottom of the page). A bibliography or references page can collect cited sources and additional reading. Wikibooks' style guidance identifies <code>References</code> and <code>Further Reading</code> as common page names for this purpose. Verifiability is not needed for cookbooks or manuals—but definitely needed for textbooks. Also, you don't need to put citations, just put general references you used—either the URL or the page title. === Copyright Compliance === '''[[Wikibooks:Copyrights|Copyright compliance]]''' is an important editing requirement. Contributors must not add copyrighted text, images, or other media without an appropriate license or permission. Infringing material might be removed. The media policy governs file use, while the naming policy governs page titles. New books are specifically expected to observe the copyright, media, neutrality, and naming rules. The only Wikibooks content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikibooks/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission. Also, since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any book on Wikibooks which cites sources will link to copyrighted material. === Writing Style === Wikibooks' '''[[Wikibooks:Manual of Style|writing style]]''' recommends clear structure, accessible prose, and consistent formatting. It advises bolding the first use of a page-title-like term, italicizing newly introduced terms, and using headings to divide content logically. Editors should avoid deeply nested sections with very little content. Instead, small related subsections can be merged into a chapter and separated by headings, improving readability and navigation. For technical books, the applicable software version should be stated clearly, because instructions and screenshots can become obsolete. Color choices should also be made with accessibility in mind. == Book Structure == {{Shortcut|WB:BS|WB:BOOKLAYOUT}} The '''book structure''' in Wikibooks consists of three main parts—some of them being WB:SP and WB:NAVIGATE. === Titles and Subpages === Book '''[[Wikibooks:Title pages|titles]]''' should reflect the book’s aspect—its intended audience, scope, and depth. For example, a general woodworking textbook may be titled ''Woodworking'', while a mathematics textbook for commerce students may be titled ''Mathematics for Commerce'' rather than simply ''Mathematics''. Descriptive subpage names are preferred over numbered chapter names when making a '''subpage'''. A page such as ''Chess/Notating The Game'' communicates its subject and makes it easier to insert or reorder chapters later than a name such as ''Chess/Chapter 10''. It's also good to point a central discussion page for the whole book so that contributors have one place for discussing book-related issues. === Main Page and Navigation === {{Shortcut|WB:MAINPAGE|WB:NAVIGATE}} The '''main page''' is usually the first page a reader encounters when opening a Wikibook, so it should immediately communicate what the book is about, who it is for, and how it is organized. Rather than using a decorative “splash page” with little practical information, editors should make the main page a functional entry point that gives a concise overview of the book’s scope, intended audience, and layout. In many cases, the simplest and most effective main page is essentially the book’s full table of contents, allowing readers to see the available material at a glance. '''Navigation''' contains links and templates that help readers move between related pages in a book. They can include links to the previous and next chapter, a link back to the table of contents, links to a book’s introduction or glossary, and links to related sections. Their purpose is to make a multi-page book feel coherent rather than like a collection of disconnected web pages. === Supporting Pages === '''Supporting pages''' are the optional pages that surround a Wikibook’s main instructional content. They do not usually replace chapters, but they help readers understand the book’s purpose, find definitions and sources, use reference material efficiently, and access printable or offline versions. The most common supporting pages are the introduction, glossary, bibliography, appendices, and print or PDF versions. They include: * An '''introduction''' is often the first supporting page a reader needs. It should explain the book’s purpose, intended audience, scope, and conventions. A clear introduction prevents readers from beginning a book without understanding its level, prerequisites, or intended use. * A '''glossary''' collects definitions of specialized terms used throughout the book. It is particularly useful for introductory readers who may encounter unfamiliar vocabulary before it has been fully explained in the main text. * A '''bibliography''' lists the sources used in the book and may also include recommendations for further reading. It helps readers verify claims, explore subjects in greater depth, and understand where the book’s information came from. * '''Appendices''' hold material that supports the main chapters but does not fit naturally within them. They are especially useful for material that readers may need to consult repeatedly while working through the book. * A '''print version''' or '''PDF version''' supports readers who want to use the book offline, print it, or save it as a single document. Print versions are particularly valuable for long textbooks, manuals, and study guides, where readers may want to review material away from a browser. efz6lkkevzymizg6k71dru7l0yfw2ng 4680887 4680884 2026-11-08T07:15:27Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === Wikibooks encourages editors to '''[[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]]''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not required (general sources are), templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === Contributors should fill in the '''[[Wikibooks:ES|edit summary]]''' field before saving. A good summary explains what changed and why, helping other editors review the history and understand the intention behind an edit. Editors are also encouraged to preview changes before saving and to edit a single section when that is sufficient. These practices reduce accidental errors, make collaboration easier, and help prevent edit conflicts, a.k.a edit wars. == Core Content Standards == {{Shortcut|WB:CONTENT|WB:CCS}} There are four main '''core content standards''' in Wikibooks. Some of them include [[WB:NPOV]], [[WB:VERIFY]], as well as [[WB:COPY]]. === Neutral Point of View === All Wikibooks content must maintain a '''[[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]]'''. Books should not become platforms for promoting religious, political, commercial, or other partisan viewpoints. However, neutrality does not prevent instructional writing. Unlike an encyclopedia, Wikibooks may explain procedures, teach skills, and recommend practical approaches; the requirement is that instructional claims be presented responsibly and supported where appropriate. "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations, etc." === Verifiability === {{Shortcut|WB:VERIFY}} Wikibooks content should be '''verifiable''' and, at the bottom of the page, properly referenced with all the sources you used. Contributors are expected to check facts, avoid propaganda or unsupported research, and provide references for factual claims (at the bottom of the page). A bibliography or references page can collect cited sources and additional reading. Wikibooks' style guidance identifies <code>References</code> and <code>Further Reading</code> as common page names for this purpose. Verifiability is not needed for cookbooks or manuals—but definitely needed for textbooks. Also, you don't need to put citations, just put general references you used—either the URL or the page title. === Copyright Compliance === '''[[Wikibooks:Copyrights|Copyright compliance]]''' is an important editing requirement. Contributors must not add copyrighted text, images, or other media without an appropriate license or permission. Infringing material might be removed. The media policy governs file use, while the naming policy governs page titles. New books are specifically expected to observe the copyright, media, neutrality, and naming rules. The only Wikibooks content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikibooks/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission. Also, since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any book on Wikibooks which cites sources will link to copyrighted material. === Writing Style === Wikibooks' '''[[Wikibooks:Manual of Style|writing style]]''' recommends clear structure, accessible prose, and consistent formatting. It advises bolding the first use of a page-title-like term, italicizing newly introduced terms, and using headings to divide content logically. Editors should avoid deeply nested sections with very little content. Instead, small related subsections can be merged into a chapter and separated by headings, improving readability and navigation. For technical books, the applicable software version should be stated clearly, because instructions and screenshots can become obsolete. Color choices should also be made with accessibility in mind. == Book Structure == {{Shortcut|WB:BS|WB:BOOKLAYOUT}} The '''book structure''' in Wikibooks consists of three main parts—some of them being WB:SP and WB:NAVIGATE. === Titles and Subpages === Book '''[[Wikibooks:Title pages|titles]]''' should reflect the book’s aspect—its intended audience, scope, and depth. For example, a general woodworking textbook may be titled ''Woodworking'', while a mathematics textbook for commerce students may be titled ''Mathematics for Commerce'' rather than simply ''Mathematics''. Descriptive subpage names are preferred over numbered chapter names when making a '''subpage'''. A page such as ''Chess/Notating The Game'' communicates its subject and makes it easier to insert or reorder chapters later than a name such as ''Chess/Chapter 10''. It's also good to point a central discussion page for the whole book so that contributors have one place for discussing book-related issues. === Main Page and Navigation === {{Shortcut|WB:MAINPAGE|WB:NAVIGATE}} The '''main page''' is usually the first page a reader encounters when opening a Wikibook, so it should immediately communicate what the book is about, who it is for, and how it is organized. Rather than using a decorative “splash page” with little practical information, editors should make the main page a functional entry point that gives a concise overview of the book’s scope, intended audience, and layout. In many cases, the simplest and most effective main page is essentially the book’s full table of contents, allowing readers to see the available material at a glance. '''Navigation''' contains links and templates that help readers move between related pages in a book. They can include links to the previous and next chapter, a link back to the table of contents, links to a book’s introduction or glossary, and links to related sections. Their purpose is to make a multi-page book feel coherent rather than like a collection of disconnected web pages. === Supporting Pages === {{Shortcut|WB:SP}} '''Supporting pages''' are the optional pages that surround a Wikibook’s main instructional content. They do not usually replace chapters, but they help readers understand the book’s purpose, find definitions and sources, use reference material efficiently, and access printable or offline versions. The most common supporting pages are the introduction, glossary, bibliography, appendices, and print or PDF versions. They include: * An '''introduction''' is often the first supporting page a reader needs. It should explain the book’s purpose, intended audience, scope, and conventions. A clear introduction prevents readers from beginning a book without understanding its level, prerequisites, or intended use. * A '''glossary''' collects definitions of specialized terms used throughout the book. It is particularly useful for introductory readers who may encounter unfamiliar vocabulary before it has been fully explained in the main text. * A '''bibliography''' lists the sources used in the book and may also include recommendations for further reading. It helps readers verify claims, explore subjects in greater depth, and understand where the book’s information came from. * '''Appendices''' hold material that supports the main chapters but does not fit naturally within them. They are especially useful for material that readers may need to consult repeatedly while working through the book. * A '''print version''' or '''PDF version''' supports readers who want to use the book offline, print it, or save it as a single document. Print versions are particularly valuable for long textbooks, manuals, and study guides, where readers may want to review material away from a browser. == Collaboration and Conduct == === Civil Behavior === Wikibooks expects '''[[Wikibooks:CIVIL|civil behavior]]'''. Editors should avoid personal attacks, profanity, and hostile edit summaries—they should explain changes in terms of policies, guidelines, and writing quality rather than criticizing individual contributors. We could list all the nasty things you could potentially do and have explicit rules saying not to do them, but there's really no need for that as we all know what being civil means, and we all know when we're not being civil. So that's our rule on behavior: ''be civil''. Wikibooks also encourages editors to assume good faith, ask questions before escalating disputes, acknowledge mistakes, and take a break when a discussion becomes heated. tjo7zeuisqwq9c6ze96jjrhp3hff979 4680888 4680887 2026-11-08T07:16:17Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === Wikibooks encourages editors to '''[[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]]''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not required (general sources are), templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === Contributors should fill in the '''[[Wikibooks:ES|edit summary]]''' field before saving. A good summary explains what changed and why, helping other editors review the history and understand the intention behind an edit. Editors are also encouraged to preview changes before saving and to edit a single section when that is sufficient. These practices reduce accidental errors, make collaboration easier, and help prevent edit conflicts, a.k.a edit wars. == Core Content Standards == {{Shortcut|WB:CONTENT|WB:CCS}} There are four main '''core content standards''' in Wikibooks. Some of them include [[WB:NPOV]], [[WB:VERIFY]], as well as [[WB:COPY]]. === Neutral Point of View === All Wikibooks content must maintain a '''[[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]]'''. Books should not become platforms for promoting religious, political, commercial, or other partisan viewpoints. However, neutrality does not prevent instructional writing. Unlike an encyclopedia, Wikibooks may explain procedures, teach skills, and recommend practical approaches; the requirement is that instructional claims be presented responsibly and supported where appropriate. "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations, etc." === Verifiability === {{Shortcut|WB:VERIFY}} Wikibooks content should be '''verifiable''' and, at the bottom of the page, properly referenced with all the sources you used. Contributors are expected to check facts, avoid propaganda or unsupported research, and provide references for factual claims (at the bottom of the page). A bibliography or references page can collect cited sources and additional reading. Wikibooks' style guidance identifies <code>References</code> and <code>Further Reading</code> as common page names for this purpose. Verifiability is not needed for cookbooks or manuals—but definitely needed for textbooks. Also, you don't need to put citations, just put general references you used—either the URL or the page title. === Copyright Compliance === '''[[Wikibooks:Copyrights|Copyright compliance]]''' is an important editing requirement. Contributors must not add copyrighted text, images, or other media without an appropriate license or permission. Infringing material might be removed. The media policy governs file use, while the naming policy governs page titles. New books are specifically expected to observe the copyright, media, neutrality, and naming rules. The only Wikibooks content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikibooks/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission. Also, since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any book on Wikibooks which cites sources will link to copyrighted material. === Writing Style === Wikibooks' '''[[Wikibooks:Manual of Style|writing style]]''' recommends clear structure, accessible prose, and consistent formatting. It advises bolding the first use of a page-title-like term, italicizing newly introduced terms, and using headings to divide content logically. Editors should avoid deeply nested sections with very little content. Instead, small related subsections can be merged into a chapter and separated by headings, improving readability and navigation. For technical books, the applicable software version should be stated clearly, because instructions and screenshots can become obsolete. Color choices should also be made with accessibility in mind. == Book Structure == {{Shortcut|WB:BS|WB:BOOKLAYOUT}} The '''book structure''' in Wikibooks consists of three main parts—some of them being WB:SP and WB:NAVIGATE. === Titles and Subpages === Book '''[[Wikibooks:Title pages|titles]]''' should reflect the book’s aspect—its intended audience, scope, and depth. For example, a general woodworking textbook may be titled ''Woodworking'', while a mathematics textbook for commerce students may be titled ''Mathematics for Commerce'' rather than simply ''Mathematics''. Descriptive subpage names are preferred over numbered chapter names when making a '''subpage'''. A page such as ''Chess/Notating The Game'' communicates its subject and makes it easier to insert or reorder chapters later than a name such as ''Chess/Chapter 10''. It's also good to point a central discussion page for the whole book so that contributors have one place for discussing book-related issues. === Main Page and Navigation === {{Shortcut|WB:MAINPAGE|WB:NAVIGATE}} The '''main page''' is usually the first page a reader encounters when opening a Wikibook, so it should immediately communicate what the book is about, who it is for, and how it is organized. Rather than using a decorative “splash page” with little practical information, editors should make the main page a functional entry point that gives a concise overview of the book’s scope, intended audience, and layout. In many cases, the simplest and most effective main page is essentially the book’s full table of contents, allowing readers to see the available material at a glance. '''Navigation''' contains links and templates that help readers move between related pages in a book. They can include links to the previous and next chapter, a link back to the table of contents, links to a book’s introduction or glossary, and links to related sections. Their purpose is to make a multi-page book feel coherent rather than like a collection of disconnected web pages. === Supporting Pages === {{Shortcut|WB:SP}} '''Supporting pages''' are the optional pages that surround a Wikibook’s main instructional content. They do not usually replace chapters, but they help readers understand the book’s purpose, find definitions and sources, use reference material efficiently, and access printable or offline versions. The most common supporting pages are the introduction, glossary, bibliography, appendices, and print or PDF versions. They include: * An '''introduction''' is often the first supporting page a reader needs. It should explain the book’s purpose, intended audience, scope, and conventions. A clear introduction prevents readers from beginning a book without understanding its level, prerequisites, or intended use. * A '''glossary''' collects definitions of specialized terms used throughout the book. It is particularly useful for introductory readers who may encounter unfamiliar vocabulary before it has been fully explained in the main text. * A '''bibliography''' lists the sources used in the book and may also include recommendations for further reading. It helps readers verify claims, explore subjects in greater depth, and understand where the book’s information came from. * '''Appendices''' hold material that supports the main chapters but does not fit naturally within them. They are especially useful for material that readers may need to consult repeatedly while working through the book. * A '''print version''' or '''PDF version''' supports readers who want to use the book offline, print it, or save it as a single document. Print versions are particularly valuable for long textbooks, manuals, and study guides, where readers may want to review material away from a browser. == Collaboration and Conduct == === Civil Behavior === Wikibooks expects '''[[Wikibooks:CIVIL|civil behavior]]'''. Editors should avoid personal attacks, profanity, and hostile edit summaries—they should explain changes in terms of policies, guidelines, and writing quality rather than criticizing individual contributors. We could list all the nasty things you could potentially do and have explicit rules saying not to do them, but there's really no need for that as we all know what being civil means, and we all know when we're not being civil. So that's our rule on behavior: ''be civil''. We also encourages editors to assume good faith, ask questions before escalating disputes, acknowledge mistakes, and take a break when a discussion becomes heated. saouobek1mc5b01jkrsxljlh4d1nsrh 4680889 4680888 2026-11-08T07:16:27Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === Wikibooks encourages editors to '''[[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]]''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not required (general sources are), templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === Contributors should fill in the '''[[Wikibooks:ES|edit summary]]''' field before saving. A good summary explains what changed and why, helping other editors review the history and understand the intention behind an edit. Editors are also encouraged to preview changes before saving and to edit a single section when that is sufficient. These practices reduce accidental errors, make collaboration easier, and help prevent edit conflicts, a.k.a edit wars. == Core Content Standards == {{Shortcut|WB:CONTENT|WB:CCS}} There are four main '''core content standards''' in Wikibooks. Some of them include [[WB:NPOV]], [[WB:VERIFY]], as well as [[WB:COPY]]. === Neutral Point of View === All Wikibooks content must maintain a '''[[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]]'''. Books should not become platforms for promoting religious, political, commercial, or other partisan viewpoints. However, neutrality does not prevent instructional writing. Unlike an encyclopedia, Wikibooks may explain procedures, teach skills, and recommend practical approaches; the requirement is that instructional claims be presented responsibly and supported where appropriate. "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations, etc." === Verifiability === {{Shortcut|WB:VERIFY}} Wikibooks content should be '''verifiable''' and, at the bottom of the page, properly referenced with all the sources you used. Contributors are expected to check facts, avoid propaganda or unsupported research, and provide references for factual claims (at the bottom of the page). A bibliography or references page can collect cited sources and additional reading. Wikibooks' style guidance identifies <code>References</code> and <code>Further Reading</code> as common page names for this purpose. Verifiability is not needed for cookbooks or manuals—but definitely needed for textbooks. Also, you don't need to put citations, just put general references you used—either the URL or the page title. === Copyright Compliance === '''[[Wikibooks:Copyrights|Copyright compliance]]''' is an important editing requirement. Contributors must not add copyrighted text, images, or other media without an appropriate license or permission. Infringing material might be removed. The media policy governs file use, while the naming policy governs page titles. New books are specifically expected to observe the copyright, media, neutrality, and naming rules. The only Wikibooks content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikibooks/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission. Also, since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any book on Wikibooks which cites sources will link to copyrighted material. === Writing Style === Wikibooks' '''[[Wikibooks:Manual of Style|writing style]]''' recommends clear structure, accessible prose, and consistent formatting. It advises bolding the first use of a page-title-like term, italicizing newly introduced terms, and using headings to divide content logically. Editors should avoid deeply nested sections with very little content. Instead, small related subsections can be merged into a chapter and separated by headings, improving readability and navigation. For technical books, the applicable software version should be stated clearly, because instructions and screenshots can become obsolete. Color choices should also be made with accessibility in mind. == Book Structure == {{Shortcut|WB:BS|WB:BOOKLAYOUT}} The '''book structure''' in Wikibooks consists of three main parts—some of them being WB:SP and WB:NAVIGATE. === Titles and Subpages === Book '''[[Wikibooks:Title pages|titles]]''' should reflect the book’s aspect—its intended audience, scope, and depth. For example, a general woodworking textbook may be titled ''Woodworking'', while a mathematics textbook for commerce students may be titled ''Mathematics for Commerce'' rather than simply ''Mathematics''. Descriptive subpage names are preferred over numbered chapter names when making a '''subpage'''. A page such as ''Chess/Notating The Game'' communicates its subject and makes it easier to insert or reorder chapters later than a name such as ''Chess/Chapter 10''. It's also good to point a central discussion page for the whole book so that contributors have one place for discussing book-related issues. === Main Page and Navigation === {{Shortcut|WB:MAINPAGE|WB:NAVIGATE}} The '''main page''' is usually the first page a reader encounters when opening a Wikibook, so it should immediately communicate what the book is about, who it is for, and how it is organized. Rather than using a decorative “splash page” with little practical information, editors should make the main page a functional entry point that gives a concise overview of the book’s scope, intended audience, and layout. In many cases, the simplest and most effective main page is essentially the book’s full table of contents, allowing readers to see the available material at a glance. '''Navigation''' contains links and templates that help readers move between related pages in a book. They can include links to the previous and next chapter, a link back to the table of contents, links to a book’s introduction or glossary, and links to related sections. Their purpose is to make a multi-page book feel coherent rather than like a collection of disconnected web pages. === Supporting Pages === {{Shortcut|WB:SP}} '''Supporting pages''' are the optional pages that surround a Wikibook’s main instructional content. They do not usually replace chapters, but they help readers understand the book’s purpose, find definitions and sources, use reference material efficiently, and access printable or offline versions. The most common supporting pages are the introduction, glossary, bibliography, appendices, and print or PDF versions. They include: * An '''introduction''' is often the first supporting page a reader needs. It should explain the book’s purpose, intended audience, scope, and conventions. A clear introduction prevents readers from beginning a book without understanding its level, prerequisites, or intended use. * A '''glossary''' collects definitions of specialized terms used throughout the book. It is particularly useful for introductory readers who may encounter unfamiliar vocabulary before it has been fully explained in the main text. * A '''bibliography''' lists the sources used in the book and may also include recommendations for further reading. It helps readers verify claims, explore subjects in greater depth, and understand where the book’s information came from. * '''Appendices''' hold material that supports the main chapters but does not fit naturally within them. They are especially useful for material that readers may need to consult repeatedly while working through the book. * A '''print version''' or '''PDF version''' supports readers who want to use the book offline, print it, or save it as a single document. Print versions are particularly valuable for long textbooks, manuals, and study guides, where readers may want to review material away from a browser. == Collaboration and Conduct == === Civil Behavior === Wikibooks expects '''[[Wikibooks:CIVIL|civil behavior]]'''. Editors should avoid personal attacks, profanity, and hostile edit summaries—they should explain changes in terms of policies, guidelines, and writing quality rather than criticizing individual contributors. We could list all the nasty things you could potentially do and have explicit rules saying not to do them, but there's really no need for that as we all know what being civil means, and we all know when we're not being civil. So that's our rule on behavior: ''be civil''. We also encourage editors to assume good faith, ask questions before escalating disputes, acknowledge mistakes, and take a break when a discussion becomes heated. c75zqw2817vudqeleuywj7ngbg6y78v 4680894 4680889 2026-11-08T07:23:40Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === Wikibooks encourages editors to '''[[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]]''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not required (general sources are), templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === Contributors should fill in the '''[[Wikibooks:ES|edit summary]]''' field before saving. A good summary explains what changed and why, helping other editors review the history and understand the intention behind an edit. Editors are also encouraged to preview changes before saving and to edit a single section when that is sufficient. These practices reduce accidental errors, make collaboration easier, and help prevent edit conflicts, a.k.a edit wars. == Core Content Standards == {{Shortcut|WB:CONTENT|WB:CCS}} There are four main '''core content standards''' in Wikibooks. Some of them include [[WB:NPOV]], [[WB:VERIFY]], as well as [[WB:COPY]]. === Neutral Point of View === All Wikibooks content must maintain a '''[[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]]'''. Books should not become platforms for promoting religious, political, commercial, or other partisan viewpoints. However, neutrality does not prevent instructional writing. Unlike an encyclopedia, Wikibooks may explain procedures, teach skills, and recommend practical approaches; the requirement is that instructional claims be presented responsibly and supported where appropriate. "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations, etc." === Verifiability === {{Shortcut|WB:VERIFY}} Wikibooks content should be '''verifiable''' and, at the bottom of the page, properly referenced with all the sources you used. Contributors are expected to check facts, avoid propaganda or unsupported research, and provide references for factual claims (at the bottom of the page). A bibliography or references page can collect cited sources and additional reading. Wikibooks' style guidance identifies <code>References</code> and <code>Further Reading</code> as common page names for this purpose. Verifiability is not needed for cookbooks or manuals—but definitely needed for textbooks. Also, you don't need to put citations, just put general references you used—either the URL or the page title. === Copyright Compliance === '''[[Wikibooks:Copyrights|Copyright compliance]]''' is an important editing requirement. Contributors must not add copyrighted text, images, or other media without an appropriate license or permission. Infringing material might be removed. The media policy governs file use, while the naming policy governs page titles. New books are specifically expected to observe the copyright, media, neutrality, and naming rules. The only Wikibooks content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikibooks/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission. Also, since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any book on Wikibooks which cites sources will link to copyrighted material. === Writing Style === Wikibooks' '''[[Wikibooks:Manual of Style|writing style]]''' recommends clear structure, accessible prose, and consistent formatting. It advises bolding the first use of a page-title-like term, italicizing newly introduced terms, and using headings to divide content logically. Editors should avoid deeply nested sections with very little content. Instead, small related subsections can be merged into a chapter and separated by headings, improving readability and navigation. For technical books, the applicable software version should be stated clearly, because instructions and screenshots can become obsolete. Color choices should also be made with accessibility in mind. == Book Structure == {{Shortcut|WB:BS|WB:BOOKLAYOUT}} The '''book structure''' in Wikibooks consists of three main parts—some of them being WB:SP and WB:NAVIGATE. === Titles and Subpages === Book '''[[Wikibooks:Title pages|titles]]''' should reflect the book’s aspect—its intended audience, scope, and depth. For example, a general woodworking textbook may be titled ''Woodworking'', while a mathematics textbook for commerce students may be titled ''Mathematics for Commerce'' rather than simply ''Mathematics''. Descriptive subpage names are preferred over numbered chapter names when making a '''subpage'''. A page such as ''Chess/Notating The Game'' communicates its subject and makes it easier to insert or reorder chapters later than a name such as ''Chess/Chapter 10''. It's also good to point a central discussion page for the whole book so that contributors have one place for discussing book-related issues. === Main Page and Navigation === {{Shortcut|WB:MAINPAGE|WB:NAVIGATE}} The '''main page''' is usually the first page a reader encounters when opening a Wikibook, so it should immediately communicate what the book is about, who it is for, and how it is organized. Rather than using a decorative “splash page” with little practical information, editors should make the main page a functional entry point that gives a concise overview of the book’s scope, intended audience, and layout. In many cases, the simplest and most effective main page is essentially the book’s full table of contents, allowing readers to see the available material at a glance. '''Navigation''' contains links and templates that help readers move between related pages in a book. They can include links to the previous and next chapter, a link back to the table of contents, links to a book’s introduction or glossary, and links to related sections. Their purpose is to make a multi-page book feel coherent rather than like a collection of disconnected web pages. === Supporting Pages === {{Shortcut|WB:SP}} '''Supporting pages''' are the optional pages that surround a Wikibook’s main instructional content. They do not usually replace chapters, but they help readers understand the book’s purpose, find definitions and sources, use reference material efficiently, and access printable or offline versions. The most common supporting pages are the introduction, glossary, bibliography, appendices, and print or PDF versions. They include: * An '''introduction''' is often the first supporting page a reader needs. It should explain the book’s purpose, intended audience, scope, and conventions. A clear introduction prevents readers from beginning a book without understanding its level, prerequisites, or intended use. * A '''glossary''' collects definitions of specialized terms used throughout the book. It is particularly useful for introductory readers who may encounter unfamiliar vocabulary before it has been fully explained in the main text. * A '''bibliography''' lists the sources used in the book and may also include recommendations for further reading. It helps readers verify claims, explore subjects in greater depth, and understand where the book’s information came from. * '''Appendices''' hold material that supports the main chapters but does not fit naturally within them. They are especially useful for material that readers may need to consult repeatedly while working through the book. * A '''print version''' or '''PDF version''' supports readers who want to use the book offline, print it, or save it as a single document. Print versions are particularly valuable for long textbooks, manuals, and study guides, where readers may want to review material away from a browser. {{Shortcut|WB:COLLAB|WB:CONDUCT}} == Collaboration and Conduct == === Civil Behavior === Wikibooks expects '''[[Wikibooks:CIVIL|civil behavior]]'''. Editors should avoid personal attacks, profanity, and hostile edit summaries—they should explain changes in terms of policies, guidelines, and writing quality rather than criticizing individual contributors. We could list all the nasty things you could potentially do and have explicit rules saying not to do them, but there's really no need for that as we all know what being civil means, and we all know when we're not being civil. So that's our rule on behavior: ''be civil''. We also encourage editors to assume good faith, ask questions before escalating disputes, acknowledge mistakes, and take a break when a discussion becomes heated. === Don't Bite The Newcomers === Wikibooks advises established contributors to '''[[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers|not bite the newcomers]]'''. Because wikis rely on broad participation, experienced editors should help new contributors learn norms rather than discouraging them through harsh reverts or criticism. Books and pages do not belong to their original authors. Editors should generally avoid treating a book as personal property, although they should respect the collaborative history of a work and discuss substantial restructuring when appropriate. === Decision Making === Wikibooks has no editor-in-chief or top-down approval process for routine edits. Instead, active contributors monitor recent changes, correct problems, and resolve disagreements through discussion and consensus ('''[[Wikibooks:Decision making|decision making]]'''). When consensus is needed, contributors discuss proposed changes on talk pages, in the Reading Room, or through other community channels. Official policies and guidelines may be revised through this process, although controversial changes are likely to be reverted pending agreement. Administrators may protect pages when vandalism, edit wars, or other disruption makes normal editing impractical. Full protection restricts editing to administrators, while semi-protection restricts editing by unregistered or non-autoconfirmed accounts. 5mxt5c3mzjufyd5uei2qbs7mlwxoe52 4680896 4680894 2026-11-08T07:26:56Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === Wikibooks encourages editors to '''[[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]]''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not required (general sources are), templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === Contributors should fill in the '''[[Wikibooks:ES|edit summary]]''' field before saving. A good summary explains what changed and why, helping other editors review the history and understand the intention behind an edit. Editors are also encouraged to preview changes before saving and to edit a single section when that is sufficient. These practices reduce accidental errors, make collaboration easier, and help prevent edit conflicts, a.k.a edit wars. == Core Content Standards == {{Shortcut|WB:CONTENT|WB:CCS}} There are four main '''core content standards''' in Wikibooks. Some of them include [[WB:NPOV]], [[WB:VERIFY]], as well as [[WB:COPY]]. === Neutral Point of View === All Wikibooks content must maintain a '''[[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]]'''. Books should not become platforms for promoting religious, political, commercial, or other partisan viewpoints. However, neutrality does not prevent instructional writing. Unlike an encyclopedia, Wikibooks may explain procedures, teach skills, and recommend practical approaches; the requirement is that instructional claims be presented responsibly and supported where appropriate. "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations, etc." === Verifiability === {{Shortcut|WB:VERIFY}} Wikibooks content should be '''verifiable''' and, at the bottom of the page, properly referenced with all the sources you used. Contributors are expected to check facts, avoid propaganda or unsupported research, and provide references for factual claims (at the bottom of the page). A bibliography or references page can collect cited sources and additional reading. Wikibooks' style guidance identifies <code>References</code> and <code>Further Reading</code> as common page names for this purpose. Verifiability is not needed for cookbooks or manuals—but definitely needed for textbooks. Also, you don't need to put citations, just put general references you used—either the URL or the page title. === Copyright Compliance === '''[[Wikibooks:Copyrights|Copyright compliance]]''' is an important editing requirement. Contributors must not add copyrighted text, images, or other media without an appropriate license or permission. Infringing material might be removed. The media policy governs file use, while the naming policy governs page titles. New books are specifically expected to observe the copyright, media, neutrality, and naming rules. The only Wikibooks content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikibooks/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission. Also, since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any book on Wikibooks which cites sources will link to copyrighted material. === Writing Style === Wikibooks' '''[[Wikibooks:Manual of Style|writing style]]''' recommends clear structure, accessible prose, and consistent formatting. It advises bolding the first use of a page-title-like term, italicizing newly introduced terms, and using headings to divide content logically. Editors should avoid deeply nested sections with very little content. Instead, small related subsections can be merged into a chapter and separated by headings, improving readability and navigation. For technical books, the applicable software version should be stated clearly, because instructions and screenshots can become obsolete. Color choices should also be made with accessibility in mind. == Book Structure == {{Shortcut|WB:BS|WB:BOOKLAYOUT}} The '''book structure''' in Wikibooks consists of three main parts—some of them being WB:SP and WB:NAVIGATE. === Titles and Subpages === Book '''[[Wikibooks:Title pages|titles]]''' should reflect the book’s aspect—its intended audience, scope, and depth. For example, a general woodworking textbook may be titled ''Woodworking'', while a mathematics textbook for commerce students may be titled ''Mathematics for Commerce'' rather than simply ''Mathematics''. Descriptive subpage names are preferred over numbered chapter names when making a '''subpage'''. A page such as ''Chess/Notating The Game'' communicates its subject and makes it easier to insert or reorder chapters later than a name such as ''Chess/Chapter 10''. It's also good to point a central discussion page for the whole book so that contributors have one place for discussing book-related issues. === Main Page and Navigation === {{Shortcut|WB:MAINPAGE|WB:NAVIGATE}} The '''main page''' is usually the first page a reader encounters when opening a Wikibook, so it should immediately communicate what the book is about, who it is for, and how it is organized. Rather than using a decorative “splash page” with little practical information, editors should make the main page a functional entry point that gives a concise overview of the book’s scope, intended audience, and layout. In many cases, the simplest and most effective main page is essentially the book’s full table of contents, allowing readers to see the available material at a glance. '''Navigation''' contains links and templates that help readers move between related pages in a book. They can include links to the previous and next chapter, a link back to the table of contents, links to a book’s introduction or glossary, and links to related sections. Their purpose is to make a multi-page book feel coherent rather than like a collection of disconnected web pages. === Supporting Pages === {{Shortcut|WB:SP}} '''Supporting pages''' are the optional pages that surround a Wikibook’s main instructional content. They do not usually replace chapters, but they help readers understand the book’s purpose, find definitions and sources, use reference material efficiently, and access printable or offline versions. The most common supporting pages are the introduction, glossary, bibliography, appendices, and print or PDF versions. They include: * An '''introduction''' is often the first supporting page a reader needs. It should explain the book’s purpose, intended audience, scope, and conventions. A clear introduction prevents readers from beginning a book without understanding its level, prerequisites, or intended use. * A '''glossary''' collects definitions of specialized terms used throughout the book. It is particularly useful for introductory readers who may encounter unfamiliar vocabulary before it has been fully explained in the main text. * A '''bibliography''' lists the sources used in the book and may also include recommendations for further reading. It helps readers verify claims, explore subjects in greater depth, and understand where the book’s information came from. * '''Appendices''' hold material that supports the main chapters but does not fit naturally within them. They are especially useful for material that readers may need to consult repeatedly while working through the book. * A '''print version''' or '''PDF version''' supports readers who want to use the book offline, print it, or save it as a single document. Print versions are particularly valuable for long textbooks, manuals, and study guides, where readers may want to review material away from a browser. {{Shortcut|WB:COLLAB|WB:CONDUCT}} == Collaboration and Conduct == === Civil Behavior === Wikibooks expects '''[[Wikibooks:CIVIL|civil behavior]]'''. Editors should avoid personal attacks, profanity, and hostile edit summaries—they should explain changes in terms of policies, guidelines, and writing quality rather than criticizing individual contributors. We could list all the nasty things you could potentially do and have explicit rules saying not to do them, but there's really no need for that as we all know what being civil means, and we all know when we're not being civil. So that's our rule on behavior: ''be civil''. We also encourage editors to assume good faith, ask questions before escalating disputes, acknowledge mistakes, and take a break when a discussion becomes heated. === Don't Bite The Newcomers === Wikibooks advises established contributors to '''[[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers|not bite the newcomers]]'''. Because wikis rely on broad participation, experienced editors should help new contributors learn norms rather than discouraging them through harsh reverts or criticism. Books and pages do not belong to their original authors. Editors should generally avoid treating a book as personal property, although they should respect the collaborative history of a work and discuss substantial restructuring when appropriate. === Decision Making === Wikibooks has no editor-in-chief or top-down approval process for routine edits. Instead, active contributors monitor recent changes, correct problems, and resolve disagreements through discussion and consensus ('''[[Wikibooks:Decision making|decision making]]'''). When consensus is needed, contributors discuss proposed changes on talk pages, in the Reading Room, or through other community channels. Official policies and guidelines may be revised through this process, although controversial changes are likely to be reverted pending agreement. Administrators may protect pages when vandalism, edit wars, or other disruption makes normal editing impractical. Full protection restricts editing to administrators, while semi-protection restricts editing by unregistered or non-autoconfirmed accounts. == Edit Checklist == Before saving an edit to a Wikibook, a contributor should first consider whether the change fits the project’s educational purpose. This is what the '''edit checklist''' is for. They can ask themselves: * Is this draft intended for textbooks, manuals, annotated texts, and other instructional resources? Content that is primarily promotional, personal, unrelated to instruction, or better suited to another Wikimedia project may not belong in a Wikibook. qvte3694y552n6xoqf11nwkytb8khno 4680898 4680896 2026-11-08T07:37:05Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === Wikibooks encourages editors to '''[[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]]''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not required (general sources are), templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === Contributors should fill in the '''[[Wikibooks:ES|edit summary]]''' field before saving. A good summary explains what changed and why, helping other editors review the history and understand the intention behind an edit. Editors are also encouraged to preview changes before saving and to edit a single section when that is sufficient. These practices reduce accidental errors, make collaboration easier, and help prevent edit conflicts, a.k.a edit wars. == Core Content Standards == {{Shortcut|WB:CONTENT|WB:CCS}} There are four main '''core content standards''' in Wikibooks. Some of them include [[WB:NPOV]], [[WB:VERIFY]], as well as [[WB:COPY]]. === Neutral Point of View === All Wikibooks content must maintain a '''[[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]]'''. Books should not become platforms for promoting religious, political, commercial, or other partisan viewpoints. However, neutrality does not prevent instructional writing. Unlike an encyclopedia, Wikibooks may explain procedures, teach skills, and recommend practical approaches; the requirement is that instructional claims be presented responsibly and supported where appropriate. "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations, etc." === Verifiability === {{Shortcut|WB:VERIFY}} Wikibooks content should be '''verifiable''' and, at the bottom of the page, properly referenced with all the sources you used. Contributors are expected to check facts, avoid propaganda or unsupported research, and provide references for factual claims (at the bottom of the page). A bibliography or references page can collect cited sources and additional reading. Wikibooks' style guidance identifies <code>References</code> and <code>Further Reading</code> as common page names for this purpose. Verifiability is not needed for cookbooks or manuals—but definitely needed for textbooks. Also, you don't need to put citations, just put general references you used—either the URL or the page title. === Copyright Compliance === '''[[Wikibooks:Copyrights|Copyright compliance]]''' is an important editing requirement. Contributors must not add copyrighted text, images, or other media without an appropriate license or permission. Infringing material might be removed. The media policy governs file use, while the naming policy governs page titles. New books are specifically expected to observe the copyright, media, neutrality, and naming rules. The only Wikibooks content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikibooks/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission. Also, since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any book on Wikibooks which cites sources will link to copyrighted material. === Writing Style === Wikibooks' '''[[Wikibooks:Manual of Style|writing style]]''' recommends clear structure, accessible prose, and consistent formatting. It advises bolding the first use of a page-title-like term, italicizing newly introduced terms, and using headings to divide content logically. Editors should avoid deeply nested sections with very little content. Instead, small related subsections can be merged into a chapter and separated by headings, improving readability and navigation. For technical books, the applicable software version should be stated clearly, because instructions and screenshots can become obsolete. Color choices should also be made with accessibility in mind. == Book Structure == {{Shortcut|WB:BS|WB:BOOKLAYOUT}} The '''book structure''' in Wikibooks consists of three main parts—some of them being WB:SP and WB:NAVIGATE. === Titles and Subpages === Book '''[[Wikibooks:Title pages|titles]]''' should reflect the book’s aspect—its intended audience, scope, and depth. For example, a general woodworking textbook may be titled ''Woodworking'', while a mathematics textbook for commerce students may be titled ''Mathematics for Commerce'' rather than simply ''Mathematics''. Descriptive subpage names are preferred over numbered chapter names when making a '''subpage'''. A page such as ''Chess/Notating The Game'' communicates its subject and makes it easier to insert or reorder chapters later than a name such as ''Chess/Chapter 10''. It's also good to point a central discussion page for the whole book so that contributors have one place for discussing book-related issues. === Main Page and Navigation === {{Shortcut|WB:MAINPAGE|WB:NAVIGATE}} The '''main page''' is usually the first page a reader encounters when opening a Wikibook, so it should immediately communicate what the book is about, who it is for, and how it is organized. Rather than using a decorative “splash page” with little practical information, editors should make the main page a functional entry point that gives a concise overview of the book’s scope, intended audience, and layout. In many cases, the simplest and most effective main page is essentially the book’s full table of contents, allowing readers to see the available material at a glance. '''Navigation''' contains links and templates that help readers move between related pages in a book. They can include links to the previous and next chapter, a link back to the table of contents, links to a book’s introduction or glossary, and links to related sections. Their purpose is to make a multi-page book feel coherent rather than like a collection of disconnected web pages. === Supporting Pages === {{Shortcut|WB:SP}} '''Supporting pages''' are the optional pages that surround a Wikibook’s main instructional content. They do not usually replace chapters, but they help readers understand the book’s purpose, find definitions and sources, use reference material efficiently, and access printable or offline versions. The most common supporting pages are the introduction, glossary, bibliography, appendices, and print or PDF versions. They include: * An '''introduction''' is often the first supporting page a reader needs. It should explain the book’s purpose, intended audience, scope, and conventions. A clear introduction prevents readers from beginning a book without understanding its level, prerequisites, or intended use. * A '''glossary''' collects definitions of specialized terms used throughout the book. It is particularly useful for introductory readers who may encounter unfamiliar vocabulary before it has been fully explained in the main text. * A '''bibliography''' lists the sources used in the book and may also include recommendations for further reading. It helps readers verify claims, explore subjects in greater depth, and understand where the book’s information came from. * '''Appendices''' hold material that supports the main chapters but does not fit naturally within them. They are especially useful for material that readers may need to consult repeatedly while working through the book. * A '''print version''' or '''PDF version''' supports readers who want to use the book offline, print it, or save it as a single document. Print versions are particularly valuable for long textbooks, manuals, and study guides, where readers may want to review material away from a browser. {{Shortcut|WB:COLLAB|WB:CONDUCT}} == Collaboration and Conduct == === Civil Behavior === Wikibooks expects '''[[Wikibooks:CIVIL|civil behavior]]'''. Editors should avoid personal attacks, profanity, and hostile edit summaries—they should explain changes in terms of policies, guidelines, and writing quality rather than criticizing individual contributors. We could list all the nasty things you could potentially do and have explicit rules saying not to do them, but there's really no need for that as we all know what being civil means, and we all know when we're not being civil. So that's our rule on behavior: ''be civil''. We also encourage editors to assume good faith, ask questions before escalating disputes, acknowledge mistakes, and take a break when a discussion becomes heated. === Don't Bite The Newcomers === Wikibooks advises established contributors to '''[[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers|not bite the newcomers]]'''. Because wikis rely on broad participation, experienced editors should help new contributors learn norms rather than discouraging them through harsh reverts or criticism. Books and pages do not belong to their original authors. Editors should generally avoid treating a book as personal property, although they should respect the collaborative history of a work and discuss substantial restructuring when appropriate. === Decision Making === Wikibooks has no editor-in-chief or top-down approval process for routine edits. Instead, active contributors monitor recent changes, correct problems, and resolve disagreements through discussion and consensus ('''[[Wikibooks:Decision making|decision making]]'''). When consensus is needed, contributors discuss proposed changes on talk pages, in the Reading Room, or through other community channels. Official policies and guidelines may be revised through this process, although controversial changes are likely to be reverted pending agreement. Administrators may protect pages when vandalism, edit wars, or other disruption makes normal editing impractical. Full protection restricts editing to administrators, while semi-protection restricts editing by unregistered or non-autoconfirmed accounts. == Edit Checklist == Before saving an edit to a Wikibook, a contributor should first consider whether the change fits the project’s educational purpose. This is what the '''edit checklist''' is for. They can ask themselves: * '''Is this intended for textbooks, manuals, annotated texts, and other instructional resources?''' Content that is primarily promotional, personal, unrelated to instruction, or better suited to another Wikimedia project may not belong in a Wikibook. * '''Is this written from a neutral perspective and is it free of promotion?''' A book should present information fairly and avoid promoting a particular political, religious, commercial, or ideological position. * '''Is this verifiable, properly sourced where needed, and free of copyright problems?''' Copying content from websites, books, or other sources without a compatible license can create a copyright violation, and such material may need to be removed. Facts, statistics, historical claims, scientific explanations, and technical instructions should be supported by reliable sources when readers need to check them. * '''Is this placed in the most appropriate part of the book?''' An addition should be placed in the section or chapter where readers are most likely to expect it, rather than simply appended to the end of a page. * '''Does the edit summary explain the change?''' The edit summary should explain the change in a way that other contributors can understand. For a minor correction, a brief note such as “fixed grammar” or “corrected spelling” may be enough. * '''Does this edit improve the book?''' As we discussed previously—most of the time, improvement is necessary and is better than removal. * '''Would discussion be better than a large unilateral deletion or rewrite?''' If the change is large, controversial, or likely to affect other contributors’ work, the editor should consider discussing it first. Major deletions, restructuring, changes to a book’s scope, and disputed factual claims are often better handled through a talk-page discussion or a proposal to the community. * '''Does the page remain readable, well organized, and accessible?''' Headings should follow a logical order, paragraphs should be clear, links should work, terminology should be consistent, and technical material should identify the relevant version or context. 6zeyd1bvqhi107bsvmpigsofwhhsds6 4680904 4680898 2026-11-08T07:42:15Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 4680904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Draft}}{{Short description|Set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in editing a book.}}{{Shortcut|WB:EDITGUIDE|WB:EDITRULES}} '''Wikibooks editing guidelines''' are a set of practices developed by the Wikibooks community to help contributors in the creation, revision, organization and maintenance of open-content textbooks. These are in addition to the project's binding policies, especially copyright, neutrality, civility, and the requirement that Wikibooks shall remain an educational resource and not a general purpose website. Since Wikibooks is a Wikimedia project for producing free-content textbooks, manuals and other instructional materials—editing rules therefore emphasize on collaborative improvement, verifiable instructional content, and a neutral, non-promotional presentation. == Core Editing Principles == {{Shortcut|WB:OVEREDIT}} === Don't Overedit === Editing on Wikibooks is open—any person may edit most unprotected pages, and contributors are encouraged to improve factual, grammatical, spelling, and formatting problems directly. More consequential changes—especially large deletions, restructuring, or disputed additions—are generally discussed on the page’s talk page before or alongside the edit. Large and unnecessary edits in a book or draft is called '''overediting''' (editing too much). === Be Bold === Wikibooks encourages editors to '''[[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]]''' in improving books, particularly when correcting clear errors or adding useful material. But remember, boldness does not mean recklessness—major deletions, rewrites, or controversial changes should preserve potentially useful material and be explained in an edit summary or discussed with other editors (as said previously). Editors are advised to integrate new material where it logically belongs, rather than appending unrelated text to the end of a page. They should also define specialized terms, avoid blanket claims, check facts, and put reliable sources at the bottom of the page. === Dewikification === {{Shortcut|WB:DEWIKI}} In Wikipedia, we use lots of wikilinks, citations, templates, and stricter policies about editing, artificial intelligence, neutral point of view, original research, etc. But in Wikibooks, citations are not required (general sources are), templates and wikilinks are used in less quantities—strict policies in Wikipedia aren't so strict in Wikibooks due to a lesser audience. The process of putting less citations, wikilinks, and templates as well as following more lenient guidelines and rules is called '''dewikification'''. This is encouraged as Wikibooks contains open-content textbooks and manuals—unlike Wikipedia which contains encyclopedias which need strict rules, formatting and citations. === Improvement Rather Than Removal === The preferred response to weak material is usually '''improvement rather than removal'''. Editors may rephrase, reorganize, expand, or move content. When deletion is necessary, material with potential discussion value may be moved to the talk page, along with an explanation of the change. This approach actually reflects Wikibooks’ collaborative model—incomplete drafts are expected to evolve through repeated editing rather than being treated as finished publications. === Edit Summaries === Contributors should fill in the '''[[Wikibooks:ES|edit summary]]''' field before saving. A good summary explains what changed and why, helping other editors review the history and understand the intention behind an edit. Editors are also encouraged to preview changes before saving and to edit a single section when that is sufficient. These practices reduce accidental errors, make collaboration easier, and help prevent edit conflicts, a.k.a edit wars. == Core Content Standards == {{Shortcut|WB:CONTENT|WB:CCS}} There are four main '''core content standards''' in Wikibooks. Some of them include [[WB:NPOV]], [[WB:VERIFY]], as well as [[WB:COPY]]. === Neutral Point of View === All Wikibooks content must maintain a '''[[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]]'''. Books should not become platforms for promoting religious, political, commercial, or other partisan viewpoints. However, neutrality does not prevent instructional writing. Unlike an encyclopedia, Wikibooks may explain procedures, teach skills, and recommend practical approaches; the requirement is that instructional claims be presented responsibly and supported where appropriate. "Neutral point of view" should not be confused with "point of view espoused by an international body such as the United Nations, etc." === Verifiability === {{Shortcut|WB:VERIFY}} Wikibooks content should be '''verifiable''' and, at the bottom of the page, properly referenced with all the sources you used. Contributors are expected to check facts, avoid propaganda or unsupported research, and provide references for factual claims (at the bottom of the page). A bibliography or references page can collect cited sources and additional reading. Wikibooks' style guidance identifies <code>References</code> and <code>Further Reading</code> as common page names for this purpose. Verifiability is not needed for cookbooks or manuals—but definitely needed for textbooks. Also, you don't need to put citations, just put general references you used—either the URL or the page title. === Copyright Compliance === '''[[Wikibooks:Copyrights|Copyright compliance]]''' is an important editing requirement. Contributors must not add copyrighted text, images, or other media without an appropriate license or permission. Infringing material might be removed. The media policy governs file use, while the naming policy governs page titles. New books are specifically expected to observe the copyright, media, neutrality, and naming rules. The only Wikibooks content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikibooks/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission. Also, since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any book on Wikibooks which cites sources will link to copyrighted material. === Writing Style === Wikibooks' '''[[Wikibooks:Manual of Style|writing style]]''' recommends clear structure, accessible prose, and consistent formatting. It advises bolding the first use of a page-title-like term, italicizing newly introduced terms, and using headings to divide content logically. Editors should avoid deeply nested sections with very little content. Instead, small related subsections can be merged into a chapter and separated by headings, improving readability and navigation. For technical books, the applicable software version should be stated clearly, because instructions and screenshots can become obsolete. Color choices should also be made with accessibility in mind. == Book Structure == {{Shortcut|WB:BS|WB:BOOKLAYOUT}} The '''book structure''' in Wikibooks consists of three main parts—some of them being WB:SP and WB:NAVIGATE. === Titles and Subpages === Book '''[[Wikibooks:Title pages|titles]]''' should reflect the book’s aspect—its intended audience, scope, and depth. For example, a general woodworking textbook may be titled ''Woodworking'', while a mathematics textbook for commerce students may be titled ''Mathematics for Commerce'' rather than simply ''Mathematics''. Descriptive subpage names are preferred over numbered chapter names when making a '''subpage'''. A page such as ''Chess/Notating The Game'' communicates its subject and makes it easier to insert or reorder chapters later than a name such as ''Chess/Chapter 10''. It's also good to point a central discussion page for the whole book so that contributors have one place for discussing book-related issues. === Main Page and Navigation === {{Shortcut|WB:MAINPAGE|WB:NAVIGATE}} The '''main page''' is usually the first page a reader encounters when opening a Wikibook, so it should immediately communicate what the book is about, who it is for, and how it is organized. Rather than using a decorative “splash page” with little practical information, editors should make the main page a functional entry point that gives a concise overview of the book’s scope, intended audience, and layout. In many cases, the simplest and most effective main page is essentially the book’s full table of contents, allowing readers to see the available material at a glance. '''Navigation''' contains links and templates that help readers move between related pages in a book. They can include links to the previous and next chapter, a link back to the table of contents, links to a book’s introduction or glossary, and links to related sections. Their purpose is to make a multi-page book feel coherent rather than like a collection of disconnected web pages. === Supporting Pages === {{Shortcut|WB:SP}} '''Supporting pages''' are the optional pages that surround a Wikibook’s main instructional content. They do not usually replace chapters, but they help readers understand the book’s purpose, find definitions and sources, use reference material efficiently, and access printable or offline versions. The most common supporting pages are the introduction, glossary, bibliography, appendices, and print or PDF versions. They include: * An '''introduction''' is often the first supporting page a reader needs. It should explain the book’s purpose, intended audience, scope, and conventions. A clear introduction prevents readers from beginning a book without understanding its level, prerequisites, or intended use. * A '''glossary''' collects definitions of specialized terms used throughout the book. It is particularly useful for introductory readers who may encounter unfamiliar vocabulary before it has been fully explained in the main text. * A '''bibliography''' lists the sources used in the book and may also include recommendations for further reading. It helps readers verify claims, explore subjects in greater depth, and understand where the book’s information came from. * '''Appendices''' hold material that supports the main chapters but does not fit naturally within them. They are especially useful for material that readers may need to consult repeatedly while working through the book. * A '''print version''' or '''PDF version''' supports readers who want to use the book offline, print it, or save it as a single document. Print versions are particularly valuable for long textbooks, manuals, and study guides, where readers may want to review material away from a browser. {{Shortcut|WB:COLLAB|WB:CONDUCT}} == Collaboration and Conduct == === Civil Behavior === Wikibooks expects '''[[Wikibooks:CIVIL|civil behavior]]'''. Editors should avoid personal attacks, profanity, and hostile edit summaries—they should explain changes in terms of policies, guidelines, and writing quality rather than criticizing individual contributors. We could list all the nasty things you could potentially do and have explicit rules saying not to do them, but there's really no need for that as we all know what being civil means, and we all know when we're not being civil. So that's our rule on behavior: ''be civil''. We also encourage editors to assume good faith, ask questions before escalating disputes, acknowledge mistakes, and take a break when a discussion becomes heated. === Don't Bite The Newcomers === Wikibooks advises established contributors to '''[[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers|not bite the newcomers]]'''. Because wikis rely on broad participation, experienced editors should help new contributors learn norms rather than discouraging them through harsh reverts or criticism. Books and pages do not belong to their original authors. Editors should generally avoid treating a book as personal property, although they should respect the collaborative history of a work and discuss substantial restructuring when appropriate. === Decision Making === Wikibooks has no editor-in-chief or top-down approval process for routine edits. Instead, active contributors monitor recent changes, correct problems, and resolve disagreements through discussion and consensus ('''[[Wikibooks:Decision making|decision making]]'''). When consensus is needed, contributors discuss proposed changes on talk pages, in the Reading Room, or through other community channels. Official policies and guidelines may be revised through this process, although controversial changes are likely to be reverted pending agreement. Administrators may protect pages when vandalism, edit wars, or other disruption makes normal editing impractical. Full protection restricts editing to administrators, while semi-protection restricts editing by unregistered or non-autoconfirmed accounts. == Edit Checklist == {{Shortcut|WB:E|WB:ECL|WB:CHECKLIST}} Before saving an edit to a Wikibook, a contributor should first consider whether the change fits the project’s educational purpose. This is what the '''edit checklist''' is for. They can ask themselves: * '''Is this intended for textbooks, manuals, annotated texts, and other instructional resources?''' Content that is primarily promotional, personal, unrelated to instruction, or better suited to another Wikimedia project may not belong in a Wikibook. * '''Is this written from a neutral perspective and is it free of promotion?''' A book should present information fairly and avoid promoting a particular political, religious, commercial, or ideological position. * '''Is this verifiable, properly sourced where needed, and free of copyright problems?''' Copying content from websites, books, or other sources without a compatible license can create a copyright violation, and such material may need to be removed. Facts, statistics, historical claims, scientific explanations, and technical instructions should be supported by reliable sources when readers need to check them. * '''Is this placed in the most appropriate part of the book?''' An addition should be placed in the section or chapter where readers are most likely to expect it, rather than simply appended to the end of a page. * '''Does the edit summary explain the change?''' The edit summary should explain the change in a way that other contributors can understand. For a minor correction, a brief note such as “fixed grammar” or “corrected spelling” may be enough. * '''Does this edit improve the book?''' As we discussed previously—most of the time, improvement is necessary and is better than removal. * '''Would discussion be better than a large unilateral deletion or rewrite?''' If the change is large, controversial, or likely to affect other contributors’ work, the editor should consider discussing it first. Major deletions, restructuring, changes to a book’s scope, and disputed factual claims are often better handled through a talk-page discussion or a proposal to the community. * '''Does the page remain readable, well organized, and accessible?''' Headings should follow a logical order, paragraphs should be clear, links should work, terminology should be consistent, and technical material should identify the relevant version or context. t0qp0by44evjyizefcconycszf2df93 4 486993 4680713 2026-11-07T17:25:50Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Redirected page to [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines]] 4680713 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines]] __INDEX__ giw7mgjww8hfbv3x1oi5ytlfqlvpqu7 4 486994 4680715 2026-11-07T17:27:42Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Redirected page to [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines]] 4680715 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines]] __INDEX__ giw7mgjww8hfbv3x1oi5ytlfqlvpqu7 4 486995 4680717 2026-11-07T17:57:33Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 I made it 4680717 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Don't Overedit]] __INDEX__ on4bkxo3c34xyf9633b2k7w5777tq40 4 486996 4680720 2026-11-07T18:04:21Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Redirected page to [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Dewikification]] 4680720 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Dewikification]] __INDEX__ dsrpd41aidf41my9j6rljwpaz1ka6aq 2 486997 4680726 2026-11-07T18:47:38Z Charan876 3630419 removed refreneces 4680726 wikitext text/x-wiki A human‑like robotic end effector is made to copy the shape and motion of a hand. It has fingers, joints, actuators and a palm that all join together to hold and grab things. Servo motors or other actuators move each finger. The human‑like robotic end effector can pick up move and manage objects. People use the human‑like robotic end effector a lot in factories, hospitals and, in robots that look like people. 17mb2ii5x3xrksuovsrhtebohayhox6 5 486998 4680735 2026-11-07T20:10:32Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 /* Purpose of page? */ new section 4680735 wikitext text/x-wiki == Purpose of page? == @[[User:ActStuffOGWiki|ActStuffOGWiki]] I see that you just made this draft policy. Out of curiosity, why did you do so? What are you covering here that is not already covered in other policy and guideline pages? Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:10, 7 November 2026 (UTC) 78o7i92oobbma603xzo1c4kzt9e3ejn 4680867 4680735 2026-11-08T06:07:08Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 /* Purpose of page? */ Reply 4680867 wikitext text/x-wiki == Purpose of page? == @[[User:ActStuffOGWiki|ActStuffOGWiki]] I see that you just made this draft policy. Out of curiosity, why did you do so? What are you covering here that is not already covered in other policy and guideline pages? Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:10, 7 November 2026 (UTC) :Wikibooks doesn't have a proper ''''editing guidelines'''<nowiki/>'—all of the policies are kind of just mixed up and not put together properly. I saw another draft policy for [[Wikibooks:Editing guideline|Wikibooks' editing guidelines]]. It was good, but it was hard to understand for my friend (he's a newcomer) and it didn't contain the core parts of Wikibooks' editing guidelines. On top of that, I didn't know what book to write. I thought of writing about [[Renewable Sources of Energy Explained]], but there was already a book on that. Also gives me a chance to improve my skills. [[User:ActStuffOGWiki|ActStuffOGWiki]] ([[User talk:ActStuffOGWiki|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ActStuffOGWiki|contribs]]) 06:07, 8 November 2026 (UTC) 77c66jt59v14z3yajpqtwt8jpjq1p1w 14 486999 4680742 2026-11-07T20:27:35Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Kittycataclysm moved page [[Category:Wikibooks review of policies and guidelines]] to [[Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines needing review]]: clarify category title +match others 4680742 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines needing review]] 4g4itrdz461fgvwbzih4e25xe6z2jk5 14 487000 4680746 2026-11-07T20:33:25Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Kittycataclysm moved page [[Category:Behavioral policies]] to [[Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]]: consolidating categories 4680746 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:Category:Behavioral policies and guidelines]] 4jwcc9ck529z4axbio5002sc70vlsqq 14 487001 4680753 2026-11-07T20:35:33Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Kittycataclysm moved page [[Category:Administrative policies]] to [[Category:Administrative policies and guidelines]]: consolidating categories 4680753 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:Category:Administrative policies and guidelines]] 81wf2ge8498mn93usegz7vqjzx7h2zn 14 487002 4680755 2026-11-07T20:36:56Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Kittycataclysm moved page [[Category:Content-related policies]] to [[Category:Content-related policies and guidelines]]: consolidating categories 4680755 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:Category:Content-related policies and guidelines]] 8cxqu1rc4hsse8ji9j4tlqg9slp7e9q 0 487003 4680771 2026-11-07T20:41:41Z นายฟ้า 3630701 Created page with "Okay" 4680771 wikitext text/x-wiki Okay owtw8jd5skju4vyhtw2x2ou96z48z14 4680810 4680771 2026-11-08T02:41:08Z MathXplore 3097823 Marking for speedy deletion: Test page 4680810 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Delete|example=false|Test page}}</noinclude> Okay 80bk57742xu3lvdp4mg5c35bmljzvr8 3 487004 4680811 2026-11-08T02:41:09Z MathXplore 3097823 Notifying author of speedy deletion nomination 4680811 wikitext text/x-wiki == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathXplore, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:HyperText Markup Language/Tag List/small]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Talk:HyperText Markup Language/Tag List/small|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathXplore|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:41, 8 November 2026 (UTC) i7veaphwvnm7xnirzl4alp6z7c4m3kn 0 487005 4680833 2026-11-08T02:55:21Z Ltypestar2 3524220 Ltypestar2 moved page [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nc3/1...c6/2.b3]] to [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nc3/1...c6/2. b3]]: Misspelled title: 2.b3 should be 2. b3 4680833 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nc3/1...c6/2. b3]] aq3dvfo39ywre1c0tsibsr14q74a8ui 0 487006 4680835 2026-11-08T03:01:24Z Ltypestar2 3524220 Ltypestar2 moved page [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Nxd5/6. Nxf7/6...Kxf7/7. Qf3/7...Ke6/8. Nc3/8...Nb4/9.0-0!!]] to [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Nxd5/6. Nxf7/6...Kxf7/7. Qf3/7...Ke6/8. Nc3/8...Nb4/9. 0-0!!]]: Misspelled title: 9.0-0!! should be 9. 0-0!! 4680835 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Nxd5/6. Nxf7/6...Kxf7/7. Qf3/7...Ke6/8. Nc3/8...Nb4/9. 0-0!!]] i9avm2e5vliy80ql5apbbag75lt2yq5 0 487007 4680837 2026-11-08T03:10:58Z Ltypestar2 3524220 Ltypestar2 moved page [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Nxd5/6. Nxf7/6...Kxf7/7. Qf3/7...Ke6/8. Nc3/8...Nb4/9. 0-0!!]] to [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Nxd5/6. Nxf7/6...Kxf7/7. Qf3/7...Ke6/8. Nc3/8...Nb4/9. O-O]]: Misspelled title: annotation cannot be used in title and castling uses O's not 0's. (see manual of style) 4680837 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Nxd5/6. Nxf7/6...Kxf7/7. Qf3/7...Ke6/8. Nc3/8...Nb4/9. O-O]] onkc0bx04zw7gt710qplhs0rs389b7b 1 487008 4680839 2026-11-08T04:04:44Z Ltypestar2 3524220 /* Permission request to Paul Keiser */ new section 4680839 wikitext text/x-wiki == Permission request to Paul Keiser == I have asked Paul Keiser by email to release the index entry on page 5 and the section "The gambit declined" on page 6 of his article "Critical lines in the Halloween gambit" (Unorthodox Openings Newsletter, issue 8, February 2003) under CC BY-SA 4.0, for use on this page. I sent the request from a separate email address, not the one linked to this account. His reply will go to the Wikimedia volunteer team (VRT). [[User:Ltypestar2|Ltypestar2]] ([[User talk:Ltypestar2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ltypestar2|contribs]]) 04:04, 8 November 2026 (UTC) rh9n1k5kxuvunf89orqwckte7xqfhwf 4680841 4680839 2026-11-08T04:19:00Z Ltypestar2 3524220 /* Permission request to Paul Keiser */ Reply 4680841 wikitext text/x-wiki == Permission request to Paul Keiser == I have asked Paul Keiser by email to release the index entry on page 5 and the section "The gambit declined" on page 6 of his article "Critical lines in the Halloween gambit" (Unorthodox Openings Newsletter, issue 8, February 2003) under CC BY-SA 4.0, for use on this page. I sent the request from a separate email address, not the one linked to this account. His reply will go to the Wikimedia volunteer team (VRT). [[User:Ltypestar2|Ltypestar2]] ([[User talk:Ltypestar2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ltypestar2|contribs]]) 04:04, 8 November 2026 (UTC) :Update: my email to Paul Keiser bounced, because the address printed in the 2003 issue no longer works. I am trying to reach him through the issue's editor, Davide Rozzoni. No permission has been granted yet. [[User:Ltypestar2|Ltypestar2]] ([[User talk:Ltypestar2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ltypestar2|contribs]]) 04:19, 8 November 2026 (UTC) 1tpzgqwqf8k39p8468uz3y2atymk1rd 4680843 4680841 2026-11-08T04:33:06Z Ltypestar2 3524220 /* Permission request to Paul Keiser */ Reply 4680843 wikitext text/x-wiki == Permission request to Paul Keiser == I have asked Paul Keiser by email to release the index entry on page 5 and the section "The gambit declined" on page 6 of his article "Critical lines in the Halloween gambit" (Unorthodox Openings Newsletter, issue 8, February 2003) under CC BY-SA 4.0, for use on this page. I sent the request from a separate email address, not the one linked to this account. His reply will go to the Wikimedia volunteer team (VRT). [[User:Ltypestar2|Ltypestar2]] ([[User talk:Ltypestar2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ltypestar2|contribs]]) 04:04, 8 November 2026 (UTC) :Update: my email to Paul Keiser bounced, because the address printed in the 2003 issue no longer works. I am trying to reach him through the issue's editor, Davide Rozzoni. No permission has been granted yet. [[User:Ltypestar2|Ltypestar2]] ([[User talk:Ltypestar2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ltypestar2|contribs]]) 04:19, 8 November 2026 (UTC) ::Update 2: my emails to Paul Keiser and to the issue's former editor both bounced, because the 2003 addresses no longer work. I am trying to reach him through the newsletter's current editor. It hasn't immediately bounced yet, which brings me hope this might work. [[User:Ltypestar2|Ltypestar2]] ([[User talk:Ltypestar2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ltypestar2|contribs]]) 04:33, 8 November 2026 (UTC) dzca3bcj6be23lsu4k2tcxgman7dr8y 2 487009 4680844 2026-11-08T04:40:39Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 i write about this topic and insert images from wikicommos 4680844 wikitext text/x-wiki = Network Coverage = == Regulation of Radiation Exposure == India has regulations on electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation exposure set by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) who are part of the Ministry of Communications. On the 1st September 2012, India implemented a new radiation regulations that were 10x stricter than the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) recommended guidelines.<ref name="DoT2014">Department of Telecommunications, Government of India, [https://www.dot.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/08/f5e00b30612004ac3a993a6f93d68d95.pdf Report of the Committee on Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation], 2014.</ref> These regulations are based on what frequency the telecom providers are using: * 400MHZ – 2000MHZ: The maximum allowed power density is f/2000 W/m2. This means that the 900MHZ band can only have 0.45 W/m2 (compared to 4.5W/m2 internationally). The 1800MHZ band can only have 0.90 W/m2 (compared to 9.0W/m2 globally). * Above 2000MHZ (3G, 4G, 5G): The maximum allowed power density is 1.00 W/m2 compared to 10.0 W/m2 (ICNIRP). <ref name="TRAI2014">Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), [https://trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-10/EMF_Information_Paper_30.07.2014.pdf Information Paper No. 01/2014-QoS: EMF Radiation], 2014.</ref> == Power Output and Coverage Area of a BTS == The Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of the BTS determines how far the radio waves can travel and still maintain quality. Due to the strict requirements in India that the telecom providers must keep below the 0.45-1.00 W/m2, the base stations cannot operate at the high RF power output as many other countries. [[File:CellTower.jpg|thumb|right|Mobile communication tower. Image: Nikolai Twin, CC0, Wikimedia Commons.]] This results in; * Reduced Range: The reduced power causes the signal to have increased free space and clutter losses. This makes the coverage radius of a macro cell site much smaller. * Reduced Coverage Area: As a mobile tower cannot cover such a large area as once, the coverage area is reduced. This can cause dead spots and poor indoor performance without additional sites. * Increased Site Density In order to overcome the reduced coverage area without impacting the quality of service, mobile operators must increase the number of sites. Instead of using tall macro cells, they have now adopted a HetNet configuration. === Low Power Microcells and Small Cells === Mobile operators will install low power nodes onto utility poles, street lights and transport shelters. These will provide a small amount of coverage for tens to hundreds of metres. === Distributed Antenna System === Modern buildings can have thick concrete, brick and glass coatings meaning little radio signal can get inside. By using a DAS system, the mobile operator can supply fibre fed antennas to shopping centres, offices, hospitals and transport hubs. === Improved Frequency Re-use === With the reduced coverage of each site, the same frequency can be re-used on a smaller scale without causing interference. This increases the total capacity of the network. == Antenna Positioning and Design == The DoT have strict requirements on antenna positioning. They must have a certain distance between the antenna and any residential property. Telecommunications engineers will use special antenna designs to meet coverage requirements whilst keeping within the safe zones. === Down Tilt === By angling the directional antenna down towards the ground, the radio signal will be pointed to the correct area. This will ensure the signal is pointed to roadways and customers but won’t cause any direct exposure to balconies or windows of neighbouring properties. === Azimuth === The antenna is pointed along roadways, streets and transport routes to ensure there is a clear line of sight. This will ensure there is no direct signal to residential properties. === High Front to Back Ratio === Due to these requirements, antennas will have a high front to back ratio and low side lobes. This ensures that the rooftop of the property directly below/behind the antenna is well within the regulations. == Mobile Phone Radiation == A cellular connection uses a bidirectional radio link between the base station and mobile phone. As the base station cannot emit high amounts of radiation, this causes; === High Power in Mobile Phone === When the smart phone moves into an area with poor tower coverage, the phone will automatically increase it’s own transmitter to maximum power (up to 250mW). This will cause an increase in personal exposure as the phone will be held to the head/body. === Reduced Exposure due to Increased Tower Density === As there are a large number of compliant base stations, there will be good coverage everywhere. This allows mobile devices to reduce their transmitter output to maintain a connection. This will greatly reduce personal SAR. === Balanced Link Budget === By limiting the downlink from the base station, it becomes balanced with the low uplink power from the phone (battery powered). This will reduce dropped calls. == 5G High Frequency == Due to the increased frequency of the 5G spectrum (mid band 3.5GHZ and millimetre wave 26GHZ), there are challenges in meeting the 1.00W/m2 regulations. Due to the high frequency, there is increased attenuation in the air. === Massive MIMO and Beamforming === 5G base stations use advanced antenna arrays (32T32R & 64T64R) to provide a narrow and dynamic signal directly to the user. This will provide high throughput with low background radiation. === Self Certification and Public Checks === Telecom operators must provide a self certification certificate before deploying any site. The DoT will randomly check the site using broadband probes. The public can also look up their local tower information on the Tarang Sanchar website (tarangsanchar.gov.in). They can ask for a measurement to be performed on site to ensure they are within the regulations.<ref name="ICNIRP2020">International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), [https://www.icnirp.org/en/publications/article/rf-guidelines-2020.html Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz)], 2020.</ref> == References == <references /> 6t34idk6oh5sbw7i97d4hjdrgj0htsq 2 487010 4680845 2026-11-08T04:56:41Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 i edited some content in my topic and highlighted some references, also highlighted some words 4680845 wikitext text/x-wiki = Antennas and Indian Mobile Tower Radiation norms = == Types of Antennas == Depending on the location, density of users and generation type different antennas will be used. These include: * '''Sector Antennas''' – Most macro towers in urban environments will have panel antennas. This will divide the coverage into 3 sections. The panel antennas help to focus the signal to create 3 sectors (120 degrees). * '''Omni Directional Antennas''' – These are 360 degree antennas and give a low signal. These are used in rural areas with low user density. * '''Small Cells/Microcells''' – Small cells mounted directly on the pole. Give a localised low signal coverage (between 50-200m). * '''Distributed Antenna Systems''' – Small, low gain antennas can be mounted on the ceiling of high rise offices, shopping centres, airports and metro stations to combat losses in the building. This means you don’t have to increase the signal strength externally. * '''Massive MIMO / Active Antenna Systems''' – Used for 5G mid band and mmWave. Contain 32-64 individual transmitters to create a dynamic beam. [[File:Mobile phone base station.jpg|thumb|right|Mobile phone base station. Author: Wolfgang Duven, CC BY-SA 3.0.]] == Radiation Patterns == The base station antennas have a particular radiation pattern. Instead of a spherical shape they will have a lobe. * '''Main Lobe''' – This is the centre of the antenna. It gives off a high signal. The RF will travel a long way in front. The regulations require that the main lobe should be above ground level. * '''Sidelobes/Backlobes''' – These are smaller lobes giving off a very small amount of power. They are radiated perpendicular to the antenna or from behind the bracket. The antennas will need to have a high front to back ratio. This means very little RF can be emitted from behind the mast. * '''Nearfield''' – The main lobe is radiated in front of the panel. This creates the strongest EM field. This area should only be accessed by trained technicians. == Setbacks Regulations == The DoT have strict guidelines to ensure residential areas aren’t getting any radiation from the active parts of the antenna. * '''Minimum Height''' – Any antennas mounted to the walls or poles in public areas must be mounted at least 5m above ground level.<ref name="DoT2013">Department of Telecommunications, Government of India, Additional Guidelines to TERM Cells for auditing BTS for EMF radiation, effective from 1 August 2013. [https://www.dot.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/08/453dc8cbd95d0e40b867611ef5a55284.pdf Official document].</ref> * '''Roof Mount''' – Antennas mounted on rooftops must be raised so the main lobe is above the roof. * '''Facing Building''' – If the antenna is facing a building of similar height. There must be a minimum distance between them. 1 Antenna – 20m 2 Antennas – 35m 4 Antennas – 45m 6+ Antennas – 55m == Engineering Techniques == Engineers will tweak the antennas to give a good signal and abide by the regulations. * '''Mechanical downtilt''' – Technicians will manually angle down the antenna. * '''Remote Electric Tilt (RET)''' – The panel contains phase shifters with motors. Engineers can remotely tilt the beam. * '''Azimuth''' – Engineers will angle the antenna away from residential buildings. They will angle it to target roads, corridors or parks. == Shared Infrastructure == Often multiple telecom companies will use the same infrastructure. * '''Total Exposure''' – Engineers will work out the total exposure. All the power densities from the antennas mounted must be below the following regulations.<ref name="DoT2014">Department of Telecommunications, Government of India, Report of the Committee on Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation, 2014. [https://www.dot.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/08/f5e00b30612004ac3a993a6f93d68d95.pdf Official document].</ref> 900MHz – 0.45W/m2 1800MHz – 0.90W/m2 Above 2000MHz – 1.00W/m2 * '''Safety Distance''' – If a new company adds new antennas to the site all companies will have to recalculate their safety distances, beam tilts and ensure the total field strength is within legal standards. * '''Self Certification''' – All technical information about the antenna must be submitted to the Tarang Sanchar website on the DoT. This includes the wattage, gain, tilt and height. Regular random checks are carried out by the field compliance team.<ref name="DoTPortal">Department of Telecommunications, Government of India, [https://tarangsanchar.gov.in/ Tarang Sanchar Portal].</ref> == References == <references /> jadh9cakgmx2x470dws6x2k8sh2diun 4680846 4680845 2026-11-08T04:57:15Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 /* Antennas and Indian Mobile Tower Radiation norms */ 4680846 wikitext text/x-wiki = Antennas = == Types of Antennas == Depending on the location, density of users and generation type different antennas will be used. These include: * '''Sector Antennas''' – Most macro towers in urban environments will have panel antennas. This will divide the coverage into 3 sections. The panel antennas help to focus the signal to create 3 sectors (120 degrees). * '''Omni Directional Antennas''' – These are 360 degree antennas and give a low signal. These are used in rural areas with low user density. * '''Small Cells/Microcells''' – Small cells mounted directly on the pole. Give a localised low signal coverage (between 50-200m). * '''Distributed Antenna Systems''' – Small, low gain antennas can be mounted on the ceiling of high rise offices, shopping centres, airports and metro stations to combat losses in the building. This means you don’t have to increase the signal strength externally. * '''Massive MIMO / Active Antenna Systems''' – Used for 5G mid band and mmWave. Contain 32-64 individual transmitters to create a dynamic beam. [[File:Mobile phone base station.jpg|thumb|right|Mobile phone base station. Author: Wolfgang Duven, CC BY-SA 3.0.]] == Radiation Patterns == The base station antennas have a particular radiation pattern. Instead of a spherical shape they will have a lobe. * '''Main Lobe''' – This is the centre of the antenna. It gives off a high signal. The RF will travel a long way in front. The regulations require that the main lobe should be above ground level. * '''Sidelobes/Backlobes''' – These are smaller lobes giving off a very small amount of power. They are radiated perpendicular to the antenna or from behind the bracket. The antennas will need to have a high front to back ratio. This means very little RF can be emitted from behind the mast. * '''Nearfield''' – The main lobe is radiated in front of the panel. This creates the strongest EM field. This area should only be accessed by trained technicians. == Setbacks Regulations == The DoT have strict guidelines to ensure residential areas aren’t getting any radiation from the active parts of the antenna. * '''Minimum Height''' – Any antennas mounted to the walls or poles in public areas must be mounted at least 5m above ground level.<ref name="DoT2013">Department of Telecommunications, Government of India, Additional Guidelines to TERM Cells for auditing BTS for EMF radiation, effective from 1 August 2013. [https://www.dot.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/08/453dc8cbd95d0e40b867611ef5a55284.pdf Official document].</ref> * '''Roof Mount''' – Antennas mounted on rooftops must be raised so the main lobe is above the roof. * '''Facing Building''' – If the antenna is facing a building of similar height. There must be a minimum distance between them. 1 Antenna – 20m 2 Antennas – 35m 4 Antennas – 45m 6+ Antennas – 55m == Engineering Techniques == Engineers will tweak the antennas to give a good signal and abide by the regulations. * '''Mechanical downtilt''' – Technicians will manually angle down the antenna. * '''Remote Electric Tilt (RET)''' – The panel contains phase shifters with motors. Engineers can remotely tilt the beam. * '''Azimuth''' – Engineers will angle the antenna away from residential buildings. They will angle it to target roads, corridors or parks. == Shared Infrastructure == Often multiple telecom companies will use the same infrastructure. * '''Total Exposure''' – Engineers will work out the total exposure. All the power densities from the antennas mounted must be below the following regulations.<ref name="DoT2014">Department of Telecommunications, Government of India, Report of the Committee on Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation, 2014. [https://www.dot.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/08/f5e00b30612004ac3a993a6f93d68d95.pdf Official document].</ref> 900MHz – 0.45W/m2 1800MHz – 0.90W/m2 Above 2000MHz – 1.00W/m2 * '''Safety Distance''' – If a new company adds new antennas to the site all companies will have to recalculate their safety distances, beam tilts and ensure the total field strength is within legal standards. * '''Self Certification''' – All technical information about the antenna must be submitted to the Tarang Sanchar website on the DoT. This includes the wattage, gain, tilt and height. Regular random checks are carried out by the field compliance team.<ref name="DoTPortal">Department of Telecommunications, Government of India, [https://tarangsanchar.gov.in/ Tarang Sanchar Portal].</ref> == References == <references /> 2qw1cq27xc8me51nca66w6g1ek3ph40 2 487011 4680854 2026-11-08T05:35:22Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 i insert image from wiki commos and fill content with Radio Equipment using references Telecommunication Engineering Centre, Government of India, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, etc 4680854 wikitext text/x-wiki = Radio Equipment for Indian Mobile Towers = Radio equipment at cellular base stations convert data transmitted from the network to high frequency electromagnetic waves. The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) under the Ministry of Communications enforces regulations of basestation emission. These regulations are 10 times more strict than International Commission on Non Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. All radio models are tested under the Mandatory Testing and Certification of Telecom Equipment (MTCTE) regulations. These are enforced by the Telecommunication Engineering Centre (TEC). All radios must meet strict Essential Requirements (ER) ensuring electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), radio frequency (RF) and electrical safety requirements. This includes ensuring transmitters do not exceed their power limits.<ref name="MTCTE">Telecommunication Engineering Centre, Government of India, [https://www.mtcte.tec.gov.in/ Mandatory Testing and Certification of Telecom Equipment (MTCTE)].</ref> [[File:CellTower.jpg|thumb|center|Cellular communication tower. Author: Nikolai Twin, CC0.]] == Power Density Limits == Indian Mobile Tower Regulations have strict rules on power densities: === Between 400MHz and 2000MHz === The Power Density should be less than f/2000 W/m² where f = frequency in MHz. For the 900MHz band this is 0.45 W/m² instead of 4.5W/m² (international maximum). For the 1800MHz band this is 0.90 W/m² instead of 9.0 W/m². <math>S_{\mathrm{limit}} = \frac{f}{2000}\ \mathrm{W/m^2}</math> === Between 2000MHz and 30GHz === This includes 2100MHz, 2300MHz, 2500MHz, 3500MHz (5G mid band) and mmWave frequencies. Here the Power Density should be less than 1.00 W/m² instead of 10.0 W/m². <math>S_{\mathrm{limit}} = 1.00\ \mathrm{W/m^2}</math> Engineers will ensure Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) in the air interface is kept within the limits. EIRP = Conducted Power - Cable Loss + Antenna Gain <math>EIRP_{\mathrm{dBm}} = P_{\mathrm{conducted,dBm}} - L_{\mathrm{cable,dB}} + G_{\mathrm{antenna,dBi}}</math> Where: * Conducted Power = Actual signal power at the radio transmitter ports. * Cable Loss = Loss in signal through jumpers, lightning arrestors and connectors. * Antenna Gain = Antenna gain. The goal is to have high antenna gains so that coverage can be maximised. By limiting conducted powers we can ensure compliance with the regulations. Most radios globally will transmit 80-100 Watts from each port but typically for Indian towers 20-40 Watts will be used. <math>S = \frac{P}{A}</math> <math>S = \frac{EIRP}{4\pi r^2}</math> == Radio Units == Previously radios would have all TRX, high powered amplifiers and baseband equipment in large cabinets. [[File:Cellular base station.jpg|thumb|center|Cellular base station. Author: Deavmi, CC BY-SA 4.0.]] === Feeder Lines === Large coaxial cables would be run up 30-60 meters to the antenna. These would cause high signal loss and up to 50% of the RF signal would be lost as heat. <math>L_{\mathrm{dB}} = 10\log_{10}\left(\frac{P_{\mathrm{in}}}{P_{\mathrm{out}}}\right)</math> === Over-powered === Due to cable loss the radios would need to emit high levels of power at the base of the tower. Modern cellular networks use a distributed base station radio unit. === Baseband Unit (BBU) === The digital unit is now a small outdoor cabinet. This handles channel coding, digital modulation, baseband and network scheduling. === Remote Radio Unit (RRU) === The waterproof radio unit is mounted directly onto the tower mast/rooftop pole. It will be very close to the antenna. === Optical Fibre === Communication between the BBU and RRU is done using Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) or enhanced CPRI (eCPRI). This removes the need for coaxial cables and allows the radios to be operated at much lower power. == Internal Components of the Remote Radio Unit == The modern RRU contains many micro-electronic components. These are all mounted within an airtight diecast aluminium case. === Optical Board === Optical transceivers receive the baseband signals. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) or Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) process the signals. These handle digital up conversion (DUC), digital down conversion (DDC) and routing. === Transceiver === High speed DACs generate analog signals. These are then converted to the required frequency using local oscillators. <math>f_{\mathrm{RF}} = f_{\mathrm{LO}} + f_{\mathrm{IF}}</math> === Power Amplifier === Modern RRU’s contain power transistors made from Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Laterally Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductors (LDMOS). GaN provides high power efficiency and wide frequency ranges. This means less heat is produced. <math>\eta = \frac{P_{\mathrm{RF}}}{P_{\mathrm{DC}}}\times100\%</math> === Duplexers and Bandpass Filters === Ceramic cavity duplexers are used to separate the high powered transmit signals from the sensitive receive. This allows bi-directional communication over the same antenna. Multi stage bandpass filters are used to remove harmonics and unwanted emissions. == Linearity Optimisation == Modern modulations such as 64QAM and 256QAM will produce high Peak to Average Power Ratios (PAPR). When the peak of the signal reaches the saturation point of the amplifier it causes non linearity. This causes out of band emissions meaning unwanted RF signals are emitted. <math>PAPR = \frac{P_{\mathrm{peak}}}{P_{\mathrm{average}}}</math> <math>PAPR_{\mathrm{dB}} = 10\log_{10}\left(\frac{P_{\mathrm{peak}}}{P_{\mathrm{average}}}\right)</math> Radio equipment use advanced techniques to combat non linearity. === Crest Factor Reduction (CFR) === This reduces the peak levels of the signal at the baseband by attenuating or cancelling the peaks. This lowers the dynamic range of the amplifier. === Digital Pre Distortion (DPD) === The radio will sample the output signal and compare it to the baseband signal. This will allow calculation of the distortion of the amplifier. A non linear inverse function will be applied to the digital signal. When this signal is amplified it will be cancelled out by the amplifier. == Active Antennas and 5G Mass MIMO == Within 5G there is no distinction between the radio unit and antenna. The Active Antenna Units (AAU) are used for 3.5GHz mid band and mmWave. === Active Antenna === The AAU contains 32/64 miniature transceivers and power amplifiers. These are mounted directly behind the antenna face. There are no jumper cables or connections. === Low Power === Instead of having 2/4 high powered amplifiers (40-60 Watts) there will now be 32/64 micro amplifiers (3-5 Watts). <math>P_{\mathrm{total}} = \sum_{i=1}^{N}P_i</math> === Digital Beamforming === The active antenna will use an internal digital signal processor to control the phase and amplitude of each element. Instead of emitting signals over a wide area the AAU will beamform the signal so it is focused in a narrow beam towards active devices. <math>AF(\theta) = \sum_{n=0}^{N-1}w_n e^{j n k d\sin\theta}</math> <math>\lambda = \frac{c}{f}</math> === Lower Ambient Emissions === As the AAU will only emit signal towards active devices there will be little exposure to the public areas around the unit. This will ensure emissions are well under 1.00 W/m². == Power Management == The radios will not be operating at full power at all times. Modern base stations have power saving features. === Transmit Power Control (TPC) === The base station constantly monitors the quality of the uplink signal from the users handsets. If these devices have good line of sight, the BBU will send a command to the RRU to reduce the power level. This happens hundreds of times a second. <math>SNR_{\mathrm{dB}} = 10\log_{10}\left(\frac{P_{\mathrm{signal}}}{P_{\mathrm{noise}}}\right)</math> === Symbol Sleep === During times when there are no users the RRU will turn off the power amplifiers for individual OFDM symbols. === Carrier Sleep === During off peak hours (Late night) the multi carrier base station will turn off other carrier frequencies. The RRU will turn off the DC bias voltage to the power amplifiers. == Multi Operator and Co-location == It is standard for telecommunication services to be shared throughout India. This means multiple telecommunication service providers (Airtel, Reliance Jio, Vodafone Idea) will have radios installed on the same towers. === Total Emission === Regulations apply to the total emission from all the radios. This must adhere to the following formula: Sum of (Power Density / Regulation) ≤ 1.0 for all i = 1 to n <math>\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{S_i}{S_{\mathrm{limit},i}}\leq1.0</math> === Self Certification === Before switching on any radios, technical parameters must be submitted to the Tarang Sanchar website. This includes conducted power, number of carriers, gain and tilt. This must be completed on the DoT website (tarangsanchar.gov.in).<ref name="Tarang">Department of Telecommunications, Government of India, [https://tarangsanchar.gov.in/ Tarang Sanchar Portal].</ref> === Field Inspections === LSA Field Units will randomly inspect the site using calibrated isotropic sensors and narrow band spectrum analyser. These will measure the emissions for 6 minutes continuously. If any base station exceeds the power limits they will be fined. The fine is compulsory and will be a flat rate of ₹5 lakh per carrier. The service provider will need to reduce the power levels.<ref name="TRAI">Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, [https://trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-10/EMF_Information_Paper_30.07.2014.pdf Information Paper on Electromagnetic Field Radiation], 2014.</ref> == References == <references /> pzzyvz4v6eoxyhyy8c17l85wh80siyh 4 487012 4680862 2026-11-08T05:55:57Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Redirected page to [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Core Content Standards]] 4680862 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Core Content Standards]] __INDEX__ gev4ux64rvplotqwhh6gb6s4nxqs5xj 4 487013 4680864 2026-11-08T05:57:00Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Redirected page to [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Core Content Standards]] 4680864 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Core Content Standards]] __INDEX__ gev4ux64rvplotqwhh6gb6s4nxqs5xj 2 487014 4680869 2026-11-08T06:22:46Z Yelumudhra 3626631 Created page with "== '''Massive MIMO Technology in 5G Communication''' == === 1. Introduction === Mobile communication has evolved a lot over the years. Until now, cell phones were used mostly for making calls and sending text messages. Today, people use them to stream videos, play games online, video conferencing, online classes and many more, Smartphones aren't the only devices also depend on wireless network. As the number of connected devices grows, mobile networks need to be capable..." 4680869 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Massive MIMO Technology in 5G Communication''' == === 1. Introduction === Mobile communication has evolved a lot over the years. Until now, cell phones were used mostly for making calls and sending text messages. Today, people use them to stream videos, play games online, video conferencing, online classes and many more, Smartphones aren't the only devices also depend on wireless network. As the number of connected devices grows, mobile networks need to be capable of supporting higher volumes of data and more users without compromising the quality of communucation. 5G is designed to meet these growing communication needs. It employs several technologies to enhance data rates, network capacity and connectivity. One technology is Massive MIMO, which is Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output. The fundamental idea behind Massive MIMO is that a base station uses a lot of antennas, not just a few. These antennas cooperate to send and receive signals. This allows the base station to communicate with multiple users at the same time by utilizing different spatial paths. mx9cxlw46y2jtpfjcmn4zuq6a19f7tr 4 487015 4680871 2026-11-08T06:27:10Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Redirected page to [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Verifiability]] 4680871 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Verifiability]] __INDEX__ cpjs863irwbapyse6w6x6edyww2pmwq 4 487016 4680877 2026-11-08T06:50:28Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Redirected page to [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Book Structure]] 4680877 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Book Structure]] __INDEX__ b2328s9vaupaslcdls5keh3cwemmagp 4 487017 4680878 2026-11-08T06:52:40Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Redirected page to [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Book Structure]] 4680878 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Book Structure]] __INDEX__ b2328s9vaupaslcdls5keh3cwemmagp 4 487018 4680880 2026-11-08T07:00:59Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Redirected page to [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Main Page and Navigation]] 4680880 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Main Page and Navigation]] __INDEX__ qp8h2zvgksgp73zcluzeqkyjlfm0igb 2 487019 4680881 2026-11-08T07:01:52Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 write about this topic from various souces and insert one image in this sub topic 4680881 wikitext text/x-wiki = REGULATIONS AND LIMITS = All standards for Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) emissions are set by the Department Of Telecommunications (DoT), under the Ministry Of Communications. == Standards == The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) sets global standards. In September 2012, the exposure levels were brought down to 1/10th of ICNIRP standards. This means India has 10x more stringent standards than the world.<ref>Department of Telecommunications, Government of India, [https://www.dot.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/08/f5e00b30612004ac3a993a6f93d68d95.pdf Report of the Committee on Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation], Office Memorandum, 27 February 2014.</ref> == Limits == The power densities are dependent on the frequency band: * 400MHz-2000MHz – f/2000 Watt/m² where f = frequency * 900MHz (GSM/LTE) – 0.45 Watt/m² * 1800MHz (GSM/LTE) – 0.90 Watt/m² * 2100MHz+ (3G/4G/5G Mid Band) – 1.00 Watt/m² Across all locations, anywhere in the general public areas will have a maximum of 1.00Watt/m². There is no need for extra LIMITS around residential areas, schools AND hospitals. The towers release non-ionising radiation. This is radiation that does not carry enough energy to remove electrons from atoms or damage DNA strands. The biological safety standards only refer to heat effects caused by high levels of EMF.<ref>World Health Organization, [https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-electromagnetic-fields Radiation: Electromagnetic fields].</ref> = DISTANCES, CLEARANCE AND MONITORING = == Distances AND Installation Rules == The DoT enforces the following RULES to ensure that areas of high exposure will not occur: * Pole AND wall mounted antennas must be installed to be at least 5metres above ground/road level. * Multiple antennas facing the same direction as the neighbouring building must be installed a certain distance away from the building, depending on the overall power radiated. * The beam pattern emitted from the tower is very narrow both horizontally AND vertically so energy is directed away from under the tower. == Certification == The following process must be followed: * Telecom Service Providers must provide self certification to the Telecom Enforcement, Resource AND Monitoring (TERM) field units. These are now part of the Directorate General of Telecom (DGT) field office. * Every site must be certified by an operator using Telecommunication Engineering Centre (TEC) testing before it is put into service. * Every 2 years, or if the transmitters are changed, network operators must re-certify their installations. == Public Access AND Tarang Sanchar == The Tarang Sanchar website is run by the Government. It contains information on over 1.4 million base stations around the country. Local towers can be searched AND certificates of compliance for each site can be viewed. A field officer can be requested to measure the EMF at the site, this will cost Rs. 4,000.<ref>Press Information Bureau, Government of India, [https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?lang=2&reg=48&relid=161464 Department of Telecom (DoT) Launches Tarang Sanchar, a web Portal for Information sharing on Mobile Towers and EMF Emission Compliance], 2 May 2017.</ref> = AUDITS, FINES AND HEALTH = == Audits == The DGT field units constantly audit the base stations. Testing equipment includes broadband sensors AND selective analysers to measure the highest EMF levels. This measures the overall emissions of all carriers from the same installation. If the overall power densities exceed the limit, the operator must reduce the antenna tilt, reduce transmission power AND/or increase mast heights. == Fines == If there are any breaches found, there will be a fine of Rs. 5 Lakh per BTS per service provider. The operator must ensure they are within the LIMITS in a certain timeframe. If they are not, power will be cut. == Health Data == The World Health Organisation (WHO) reviewed decades worth of research, including tens of thousands of scientific papers. It has been confirmed by the International EMF Project that there are no known negative HEALTH effects from low level RF emissions from mobile networks. This has also been confirmed by the Indian Council Of Medical Research (ICMR) AND Indian High Courts. The safety LIMITS set by the DoT are adequate.<ref>World Health Organization, [https://www.who.int/india/health-topics/electromagnetic-fields Electromagnetic fields].</ref><ref>Directorate General of Telecom, Government of India, [https://dgtelecom.gov.in/emf-radiation/ EMF Radiation].</ref> == References == <references /> [[File:Mobile phone base station.jpg|thumb|center|Mobile phone base station. Photograph licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.]] cghckbnqfm3dxi8fvpn1xgc7v5bnrn3 4680907 4680881 2026-11-08T07:55:01Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 /* Limits */ 4680907 wikitext text/x-wiki = REGULATIONS AND LIMITS = All standards for Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) emissions are set by the Department Of Telecommunications (DoT), under the Ministry Of Communications. == Standards == The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) sets global standards. In September 2012, the exposure levels were brought down to 1/10th of ICNIRP standards. This means India has 10x more stringent standards than the world.<ref>Department of Telecommunications, Government of India, [https://www.dot.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/08/f5e00b30612004ac3a993a6f93d68d95.pdf Report of the Committee on Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation], Office Memorandum, 27 February 2014.</ref> == Limits == The power densities are dependent on the frequency band: * 400MHz-2000MHz – f/2000 Watt/m² where f = frequency * 900MHz (GSM/LTE) – 0.45 Watt/m² * 1800MHz (GSM/LTE) – 0.90 Watt/m² * 2100MHz+ (3G/4G/5G Mid Band) – 1.00 Watt/m² Across all locations, anywhere in the general public areas will have a maximum of 1.00Watt/m². There is no need for extra LIMITS around residential areas, schools AND hospitals. The towers release non-ionising radiation. This is non-ionizing radiation, which lacks sufficient energy to dislodge electrons from atoms or DNA molecules. In relation to biological standards, they only consider the effect of heat induced by high EMF radiation.<ref>World Health Organization, [https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-electromagnetic-fields Radiation: Electromagnetic fields].</ref> = DISTANCES, CLEARANCE AND MONITORING = == Distances AND Installation Rules == The DoT enforces the following RULES to ensure that areas of high exposure will not occur: * Pole AND wall mounted antennas must be installed to be at least 5metres above ground/road level. * Multiple antennas facing the same direction as the neighbouring building must be installed a certain distance away from the building, depending on the overall power radiated. * The beam pattern emitted from the tower is very narrow both horizontally AND vertically so energy is directed away from under the tower. == Certification == The following process must be followed: * Telecom Service Providers must provide self certification to the Telecom Enforcement, Resource AND Monitoring (TERM) field units. These are now part of the Directorate General of Telecom (DGT) field office. * Every site must be certified by an operator using Telecommunication Engineering Centre (TEC) testing before it is put into service. * Every 2 years, or if the transmitters are changed, network operators must re-certify their installations. == Public Access AND Tarang Sanchar == The Tarang Sanchar website is run by the Government. It contains information on over 1.4 million base stations around the country. Local towers can be searched AND certificates of compliance for each site can be viewed. A field officer can be requested to measure the EMF at the site, this will cost Rs. 4,000.<ref>Press Information Bureau, Government of India, [https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?lang=2&reg=48&relid=161464 Department of Telecom (DoT) Launches Tarang Sanchar, a web Portal for Information sharing on Mobile Towers and EMF Emission Compliance], 2 May 2017.</ref> = AUDITS, FINES AND HEALTH = == Audits == The DGT field units constantly audit the base stations. Test equipment consists of broadband sensors AS WELL AS selective analysers to detect the maximum EMFs. This measures the overall emissions of all carriers from the same installation. If the overall power densities exceed the limit, the operator must reduce the antenna tilt, reduce transmission power AND/or increase mast heights. == Fines == If there are any breaches found, there will be a fine of Rs. 5 Lakh per BTS per service provider. The operator must ensure they are within the LIMITS in a certain timeframe. If they are not, power will be cut. == Health Data == The World Health Organisation (WHO) reviewed decades worth of research, including tens of thousands of scientific papers. It has been confirmed by the International EMF Project that there are no known negative HEALTH effects from low level RF emissions from mobile networks. This has also been confirmed by the Indian Council Of Medical Research (ICMR) AND Indian High Courts. The safety LIMITS set by the DoT are adequate.<ref>World Health Organization, [https://www.who.int/india/health-topics/electromagnetic-fields Electromagnetic fields].</ref><ref>Directorate General of Telecom, Government of India, [https://dgtelecom.gov.in/emf-radiation/ EMF Radiation].</ref> == References == <references /> [[File:Mobile phone base station.jpg|thumb|center|Mobile phone base station. Photograph licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.]] 66xm2bfk57x5ebxl81bikiaqhdv06ya 4 487020 4680882 2026-11-08T07:01:56Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Redirected page to [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Main Page and Navigation]] 4680882 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Main Page and Navigation]] __INDEX__ qp8h2zvgksgp73zcluzeqkyjlfm0igb 4 487021 4680885 2026-11-08T07:10:14Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Redirected page to [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Supporting Pages]] 4680885 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Supporting Pages]] __INDEX__ eejx5f7vtifwdh6adybu2y5zkaxzle5 2 487022 4680886 2026-11-08T07:14:22Z Gurajala2110 3629878 Created page with "== Blinking an LED with Arduino Uno in Tinkercad == This experiment makes an LED turn on and off every second. It is usually the first program people try on an Arduino. === Parts used === * Arduino Uno * 1 LED * 1 resistor (220 Ω) * Breadboard and jumper wires === Circuit === The resistor protects the LED from too much current. The long leg of the LED (anode) goes toward the Arduino pin, and the short leg (cathode) goes to GND. {| class="wikitable" ! From !! To |- |..." 4680886 wikitext text/x-wiki == Blinking an LED with Arduino Uno in Tinkercad == This experiment makes an LED turn on and off every second. It is usually the first program people try on an Arduino. === Parts used === * Arduino Uno * 1 LED * 1 resistor (220 Ω) * Breadboard and jumper wires === Circuit === The resistor protects the LED from too much current. The long leg of the LED (anode) goes toward the Arduino pin, and the short leg (cathode) goes to GND. {| class="wikitable" ! From !! To |- | Pin 13 || Resistor |- | Resistor || LED long leg |- | LED short leg || GND |} [[File:LED Blink circuit simulation with Arduino UNO in Tinkercad.png|thumb|Simulated LED blink circuit made in Tinkercad]] [[File:LED Blink code in TinkerCAD Arduino editor.png|thumb|Blink program in the Tinkercad code editor (simulation)]] [[File:LED_Blink_circuit_simulation_with_Arduino_UNO_in_Tinkercad.png|thumb|Simulated LED blink circuit made in Tinkercad]] === Code === // C++ code // void setup() {   pinMode(13 , OUTPUT); } void loop() {   digitalWrite(13, HIGH);   delay(1000); // Wait for 1000 millisecond(s)   digitalWrite(13, LOW);   delay(1000); // Wait for 1000 millisecond(s) } * pinMode(13 , OUTPUT); makes pin 13 send out a signal. *   digitalWrite(13, HIGH); turns the LED on, and LOW turns it off. * delay(1000);waits 1000 milliseconds (1 second). === Results === With delay(1000), the LED stayed on for 10 second and off for 10 second. One full blink took 20 seconds. === References === * Arduino Docs: pinMode(), digitalWrite(), delay() . rz6thwi5zjitpw5hid3vhd0dpntviai 4 487023 4680890 2026-11-08T07:17:16Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Redirected page to [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Collaboration and Conduct]] 4680890 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Collaboration and Conduct]] __INDEX__ drwwtnclailczlb1xoeaefp2go9p9kh 4 487024 4680891 2026-11-08T07:18:36Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Redirected page to [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Collaboration and Conduct]] 4680891 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Collaboration and Conduct]] __INDEX__ drwwtnclailczlb1xoeaefp2go9p9kh 2 487025 4680893 2026-11-08T07:23:01Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 write content about this topic 4680893 wikitext text/x-wiki = GRID SUPPLY AND CONDITIONING = Telecom towers in India require a constant supply of POWER throughout a variety of terrains. There are over 750,000 towers across the country providing the necessary infrastructure for 4G/5G cellular networks. == UTILITY SUPPLY == Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) connect to local DISCOMS for main POWER supply. The large multi-tenant sites will receive three phase 415 Volts AC. Single tenant sites AND micro sites will receive single phase 230 Volts AC. Mobile towers will be classed as commercial or industrial consumers. Electricity is charged at a rate between Rs. 6 AND 9 per KWh. Depending on location the quality of supply will vary. Urban areas will receive 20+ hours a day whilst rural areas may experience a POWER cut of 4 to 12 hours. == PROTECTION AND CONDITIONING == Large variations in voltage levels will require the installation of automatic voltage regulators AND static voltage regulators to protect sensitive transmission equipment. Isolation transformers are used to protect from common mode noise AND high voltage surges from rural supply lines. Class B AND Class C Surge Protection Devices (SPD’s) are installed on the tower to protect from high voltage surges caused by direct or nearby lightning strikes. A ring earth grounding system is used to provide an electrical path to earth, with less than 1 ohms resistance to earth. This protects ground cabinets AND antenna’s. = CONVERSION, BUSBAR & CABLE = Radio frequency equipment requires low voltage DC POWER. Therefore conversion equipment is required at site. == POWER SUPPLY (DIRECT CURRENT) == The POWER system operates at -48V DC. Operating at a negative voltage will protect the copper cable, connectors AND metalwork from electrolysis or galvanic corrosion. The positive copper BUSBAR is connected directly to earth. This provides a stable earth reference AND protects line workers from accidental shocks. The BBUs, RRH’s, microwave equipment AND extra sensors will receive POWER from the -48V bus. == SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY == The SMPS rectifier rack converts AC POWER from the GRID into smooth DC POWER. The high efficiency rectifiers provide a conversion of over 96%. This means very little heat is generated inside the equipment. The rectifier racks are designed with N+1 redundancy. This provides additional protection in case there is a fault in any one module. The DCPDU’s use miniature circuit breakers to provide protection to individual pieces of equipment. == TOWER CABLE == Heavy gauge copper cables are used to reduce voltage drop across the height of the tower (between 30 AND 60m). Remote radio’s located next to the antenna on the tower will receive POWER directly from the tower. Cables are UV resistant AND shielded. Outside cables are protected by technicians using galvanised conduits. Outdoor POWER cabinets are rated IP65 so are waterproof during monsoons AND dusty. = BATTERY BACKUP = In the event of a mains outage, chemical storage will allow uninterrupted signal to devices. == LITHIUM BATTERIES == Most telecom providers have replaced Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) batteries with Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4). These CAN operate fully at a temperature of up to 45 degrees Celsius AND do not require air conditioning. This reduces the parasitic load on site by 25-35%. Lithium batteries CAN be fully discharged up to 3000-5000 times. This is far more than the 1000-1500 discharge cycles of traditional lead acid batteries. == CHARGING == Lithium battery banks CAN be charged at fast rates of 0.5C – 1.0C. This means they CAN be charged fully in 2-3 hours. Traditional VRLA batteries will take 8-10 hours to fully charge. This is not practical in areas with poor POWER quality. Battery Management Systems (BMS) are used to monitor individual cell voltages, current balance, temperature AND state of charge. The BMS CAN communicate with the site controller to report the status of the batteries. This is done using RS-485 Modbus or CAN. Typically there will be enough backup to provide uninterrupted POWER to the tower for 4-8 hours. = GENERATORS & EMISSIONS = Long POWER cuts will require internal combustion engines. == GENERATOR == Depending on how many radios are being supported, the site will house a DIESEL generator (DG) of between 7.5kVA up to 25kVA. Auto Mains Failure (AMF) panels monitor the phase lines from the GRID. When there is no POWER the engine will start automatically in 10-15 seconds. Motorised changeover contactors will disconnect the failed GRID supply AND switch to generator. Automatic governors will control the rpm of the engine. This is vital to keep the engine running at correct speeds when there is a sudden increase in load. == EMISSIONS & COSTS == Modern generator systems will be compliant with the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) IV+. This limits nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide AND particulate emissions. Diesel Oxidation Catalysts AND Selective Catalytic Reduction systems are fitted to the exhaust manifolds. Acoustic enclosures are used to reduce noise outside to a maximum of 75dB at 1 metre. It costs between Rs. 20-30 per KwH to generate POWER using Diesel engines. This makes operators move towards cleaner ENERGY. Diesel usage CAN be a large variable cost for non electrified AND poor quality circle areas. = RENEWABLES, MONITORING & TELECOM RULES = India’s telecom infrastructure companies continue to make changes to POWER supplies to be more sustainable AND reduce costs. == SOLAR HYBRID SYSTEMS == Solar PV are installed on the tower site. These range from 3kWp to 10kWp. These CAN be mounted on the ground or roof. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) solar controllers with high tracking are used to connect the solar panels directly to the -48V DC bus. Solar will be used to supply active loads during the day. Any excess will be used to charge the lithium battery bank. Tower companies use the RESCO model to purchase renewable ENERGY. They will pay renewable ENERGY per unit to independent developers. Field trials are being completed in areas without POWER to trial Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) hydrogen fuel cells. == ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM == IoT Remote Monitoring Units (RMU) are used to monitor POWER usage at the TOC. Digital ENERGY meters are used to monitor live data. This includes POWER, phase imbalance AND individual tenant POWER. High accuracy ultrasonic fuel sensors AND Digital anti siphon valves are used to stop fuel theft. Intelligent PLC’s will switch between POWER sources (GRID, solar, battery, generator) to ensure the cheapest cost per hour. == RULES & RENEWABLES == TRAI have rules that 50% of rural towers must have hybrid renewables AND 33% of urban towers. This means infrastructure providers will have DIESEL free green sites in certain areas. They also abide by Battery Waste Management Rules set by the Ministry of Environment, Forest AND Climate Change to ensure old batteries CAN be recycled safely. 83h69sw3vl6rc0ax6ybhgn7bu700a5k 4680895 4680893 2026-11-08T07:26:00Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 Blanked the page 4680895 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 4680899 4680895 2026-11-08T07:37:12Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 i written edited content about this topic and added some references 4680899 wikitext text/x-wiki = GRID INLET & CONDITIONING = India’s telecommunication towers require reliable ENERGY supply. There are over 750,000 tower sites located across the country supporting 4G AND 5G cellular services. == Main Power Supply == Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) are connected to the local DISCOM electricity company. Most tower sites AND shared tower sites will receive a three-phase electricity supply at 415 Volt. Private tower sites AND micro sites are supplied with a single phase electrical supply at 230 Volt. Mobile tower sites are classified as either commercial or industrial under the utility pricing structure. Electricity is charged at between Rs.6-9 per kilowatt hour. Depending on location, there is either good or bad supplies. Urban tower sites will receive 20hrs or more of electricity supply daily. Rural tower sites CAN experience regular POWER cuts of 4-12hrs. == Voltage Protection & Conditioning == To protect sensitive transmission equipment, large auto voltage regulators AND static voltage regulators are used to combat large voltage fluctuations. Isolation Transformers are used to prevent common mode noise AND high voltage surges travelling through the rural POWER lines. Class B & C Surge Protectors are fitted to the tower to stop high voltage spikes caused by lightning strikes hitting the tower or nearby. The POWER supply has a ring earthing earth system to provide electrical continuity with less than 1ohm resistance to earth. This protects the earthing cabinet AND antenna. [[File:CellTower.jpg|thumb|Cellular tower. CC0, Wikimedia Commons.]] = CONVERSION, BUSBAR & CABLE = The radio equipment requires low voltage direct current. Conversion occurs at the site. == Direct Current Busbar == The POWER supply is on a negative 48 Volt DC system. This negative voltage prevents the cables, connectors AND metal from corroding via electrolysis AND galvanism. The positive copper BUSBAR is earthed to give a stable reference point. This also prevents line men getting shocked. The baseband units, RRH’s, Microwave equipment AND sensors all draw POWER from a negative 48 volt supply. == Switch Mode Power Supplies == The SMPS rectifier rack converts the AC electricity from the supply to smooth DC electricity. With high efficiency rectifiers it has an efficiency rating of above 96%. This means little excess heat is produced inside. The rectifier rack has N+1 redundancy so if one fails then the tower will not fail. The DCPDU has individual Miniature Circuit Breakers to protect each piece of equipment. == Cabling == Heavy gauge copper cables are used on the tower to prevent any voltage drop. Towers are between 30-60m tall. Remote Radios are fitted next to the antenna AND draw DC POWER from the UV resistant sheathed cable. Outside cable runs are protected with galvanised cabling by technicians. Outdoor POWER cabinets are IP65 rated to protect the POWER components from rain AND dust during monsoon season. = BATTERIES = Chemical battery storage provides secondary POWER to prevent interruption of signals to connected mobile devices. == Lithium Batteries == Telecom operators have moved from using Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) batteries to Lithium Iron Phosphates (LiFePO4). These LiFePO4 batteries CAN work at full capacity up to 45 degree ambient temperatures. No cooling is required. Removing the constant running of compressors reduces the POWER consumption by 25-35%. Lithium batteries CAN be discharged fully for 3000-5000 cycles whereas traditional lead acid CAN only be discharged for 1000-1500 cycles. == Battery Charging == Lithium battery systems CAN be charged quickly (0.5C – 1.0C). This means they CAN be fully charged in 2-3hrs. This is great for short POWER cut periods. Traditional VRLA batteries take 8-10hrs to charge fully. This is not practical for areas where POWER cuts are regular. Battery Management Systems are fitted to monitor battery cell voltages, balance current, temperature AND battery charge. This CAN communicate with the site controller via RS-485 Modbus or CAN bus. Typically 4-8hrs of backup CAN be provided. = GENERATORS & EMISSIONS = Long term POWER cuts will require a generator to be used. == Generator == The site CAN accommodate 7.5kVA to 25kVA generators. This depends on how many radios are on the site. An AMF panel is used to monitor the phase lines. If there is a POWER cut the generator will start to run in 10-15 seconds. Once the generator has started it will disconnect from the dead supply via motor operated changeover contacts. An automatic governor will control the RPM of the engine. This is due to sudden increases in load. == Standards & Cost == New generators follow the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) IV+ standards. This puts strict limits on the amount of nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide AND particulate emissions.<ref name="CPCB">Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), [https://cpcb.nic.in/openpdffile.php?id=TGF0ZXN0RmlsZS8zNjdfMTY4MDA5MjQ3OV9tZWRpYXBob3RvMTQ0MjkucGRm Generator Set Emission Regulations].</ref> Diesel Oxidation Catalysts AND Selective Catalytic Reduction are fitted to the exhaust manifold. Generators are fitted with sound proof enclosures to ensure noise levels do not exceed 75db at 1 metre. Due to the price of generating electricity from a DIESEL generator (Rs.20-30 per kilowatt hour), operators are looking for cleaner alternatives. Diesel fuel is the highest variable cost for non electrified AND poorly powered circles. = RENEWABLES, MONITORING & POLICY = Indian telecom tower companies are continuing to adapt their ENERGY supplies to meet the sustainability targets. == Solar Hybrid == Ground mounted AND rooftop solar PV systems are fitted to the tower. These range from 3kWp to 10kWp. High tracking MPPT charge controllers are fitted to the solar panels to connect to the negative 48Volt DC bus. Power is drawn from the solar panels first to POWER the loads during daylight hours. Any excess is used to charge the lithium battery. Tower companies use the RESCO model whereby they purchase clean ENERGY from independent developers. Trials are being carried out in non electrified areas using PEM Hydrogen Fuel Cells. == Monitoring == IoT RMU’s are used to monitor ENERGY consumption at the TOC. Digital ENERGY meters are used to monitor the POWER consumption, phase imbalance AND individual tenant consumption. Ultrasonic fuel level sensors are used to accurately measure fuel levels. Anti siphon valves are also fitted to prevent fuel theft. Smart PLC’s automatically switch between GRID, solar, battery AND generator to provide the lowest hourly cost. == Policy & Standards == The TRAI has set policies in place to ensure 50% of towers in rural areas AND 33% of towers in urban areas have hybrid renewable systems.<ref name="TRAI">Department of Telecommunications, Government of India, [https://www.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-09/GreenDirectionsILDSPs0001.pdf Implementation of Green Technologies in Telecom Sector], 2012.</ref> Green DIESEL free tower sites are used by infrastructure providers in certain circles. This helps reduce the carbon footprint. Operators follow the Battery Waste Management Rules set by the ministry of environment, forest AND Climate Change.<ref name="BWM">Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India, [https://moef.gov.in/uploads/pdf-uploads/pdf_676567459cdfe9.16099796.pdf Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022].</ref> = References = <references /> t1ogvsb94hlr96wtbh97v2vp230zooq 4680908 4680899 2026-11-08T07:58:01Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 /* Direct Current Busbar */ 4680908 wikitext text/x-wiki = GRID INLET & CONDITIONING = India’s telecommunication towers require reliable ENERGY supply. There are over 750,000 tower sites located across the country supporting 4G AND 5G cellular services. == Main Power Supply == Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) are connected to the local DISCOM electricity company. Most tower sites AND shared tower sites will receive a three-phase electricity supply at 415 Volt. Private tower sites AND micro sites are supplied with a single phase electrical supply at 230 Volt. Mobile tower sites are classified as either commercial or industrial under the utility pricing structure. Electricity is charged at between Rs.6-9 per kilowatt hour. Depending on location, there is either good or bad supplies. Urban tower sites will receive 20hrs or more of electricity supply daily. Rural tower sites CAN experience regular POWER cuts of 4-12hrs. == Voltage Protection & Conditioning == To protect sensitive transmission equipment, large auto voltage regulators AND static voltage regulators are used to combat large voltage fluctuations. Isolation Transformers are used to prevent common mode noise AND high voltage surges travelling through the rural POWER lines. Class B & C Surge Protectors are fitted to the tower to stop high voltage spikes caused by lightning strikes hitting the tower or nearby. The POWER supply has a ring earthing earth system to provide electrical continuity with less than 1ohm resistance to earth. This protects the earthing cabinet AND antenna. [[File:CellTower.jpg|thumb|Cellular tower. CC0, Wikimedia Commons.]] = CONVERSION, BUSBAR & CABLE = The radio equipment requires low voltage direct current. Conversion occurs at the site. == Direct Current Busbar == The POWER supply is on a negative 48 Volt DC system. It stops the corrosion of cables, connectors and metals by the process of electrolysis and galvanism. The positive copper BUSBAR is earthed to give a stable reference point. This also prevents line men getting shocked. The baseband units, RRH’s, Microwave equipment AND sensors all draw POWER from a negative 48 volt supply. == Switch Mode Power Supplies == The SMPS rectifier rack converts the AC electricity from the supply to smooth DC electricity. With high efficiency rectifiers it has an efficiency rating of above 96%. This means little excess heat is produced inside. The rectifier rack has N+1 redundancy so if one fails then the tower will not fail. The DCPDU has individual Miniature Circuit Breakers to protect each piece of equipment. == Cabling == Heavy gauge copper cables are used on the tower to prevent any voltage drop. Towers are between 30-60m tall. Remote Radios are fitted next to the antenna AND draw DC POWER from the UV resistant sheathed cable. Outside cable runs are protected with galvanised cabling by technicians. Outdoor POWER cabinets are IP65 rated to protect the POWER components from rain AND dust during monsoon season. = BATTERIES = Chemical battery storage provides secondary POWER to prevent interruption of signals to connected mobile devices. == Lithium Batteries == Telecom operators have moved from using Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) batteries to Lithium Iron Phosphates (LiFePO4). These LiFePO4 batteries CAN work at full capacity up to 45 degree ambient temperatures. No cooling is required. Removing the constant running of compressors reduces the POWER consumption by 25-35%. Lithium batteries CAN be discharged fully for 3000-5000 cycles whereas traditional lead acid CAN only be discharged for 1000-1500 cycles. == Battery Charging == Lithium battery systems CAN be charged quickly (0.5C – 1.0C). This means they CAN be fully charged in 2-3hrs. This is great for short POWER cut periods. Traditional VRLA batteries take 8-10hrs to charge fully. This is not practical for areas where POWER cuts are regular. Battery Management Systems are fitted to monitor battery cell voltages, balance current, temperature AND battery charge. This CAN communicate with the site controller via RS-485 Modbus or CAN bus. Typically 4-8hrs of backup CAN be provided. = GENERATORS & EMISSIONS = Long term POWER cuts will require a generator to be used. == Generator == The site CAN accommodate 7.5kVA to 25kVA generators. This depends on how many radios are on the site. An AMF panel is used to monitor the phase lines. If there is a POWER cut the generator will start to run in 10-15 seconds. Once the generator has started it will disconnect from the dead supply via motor operated changeover contacts. An automatic governor will control the RPM of the engine. This is due to sudden increases in load. == Standards & Cost == New generators follow the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) IV+ standards. This puts strict limits on the amount of nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide AND particulate emissions.<ref name="CPCB">Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), [https://cpcb.nic.in/openpdffile.php?id=TGF0ZXN0RmlsZS8zNjdfMTY4MDA5MjQ3OV9tZWRpYXBob3RvMTQ0MjkucGRm Generator Set Emission Regulations].</ref> Diesel Oxidation Catalysts AND Selective Catalytic Reduction are fitted to the exhaust manifold. All generators have soundproofing enclosures to make sure that the decibel level does not go beyond 75dB at 1 meter. Due to the price of generating electricity from a DIESEL generator (Rs.20-30 per kilowatt hour), operators are looking for cleaner alternatives. Diesel fuel is the highest variable cost for non electrified AND poorly powered circles. = RENEWABLES, MONITORING & POLICY = Indian telecom tower companies are continuing to adapt their ENERGY supplies to meet the sustainability targets. == Solar Hybrid == Ground mounted AND rooftop solar PV systems are fitted to the tower. These range from 3kWp to 10kWp. High tracking MPPT charge controllers are fitted to the solar panels to connect to the negative 48Volt DC bus. Power is drawn from the solar panels first to POWER the loads during daylight hours. Any excess is used to charge the lithium battery. Tower companies use the RESCO model whereby they purchase clean ENERGY from independent developers. Trials are being carried out in non electrified areas using PEM Hydrogen Fuel Cells. == Monitoring == IoT RMU’s are used to monitor ENERGY consumption at the TOC. Digital ENERGY meters are used to monitor the POWER consumption, phase imbalance AND individual tenant consumption. Ultrasonic fuel level sensors are used to accurately measure fuel levels. Anti siphon valves are also fitted to prevent fuel theft. Smart PLC’s automatically switch between GRID, solar, battery AND generator to provide the lowest hourly cost. == Policy & Standards == The TRAI has set policies in place to ensure 50% of towers in rural areas AND 33% of towers in urban areas have hybrid renewable systems.<ref name="TRAI">Department of Telecommunications, Government of India, [https://www.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-09/GreenDirectionsILDSPs0001.pdf Implementation of Green Technologies in Telecom Sector], 2012.</ref> Green DIESEL free tower sites are used by infrastructure providers in certain circles. This helps reduce the carbon footprint. Operators follow the Battery Waste Management Rules set by the ministry of environment, forest AND Climate Change.<ref name="BWM">Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India, [https://moef.gov.in/uploads/pdf-uploads/pdf_676567459cdfe9.16099796.pdf Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022].</ref> = References = <references /> 7bvq1zqomkv7ir7bag2ku4x4vxmyou0 4 487026 4680900 2026-11-08T07:37:48Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Redirected page to [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Edit Checklist]] 4680900 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Edit Checklist]] __INDEX__ m13id8fbmaxzot73knr01ifmu6ftl6z 4 487028 4680903 2026-11-08T07:39:14Z ActStuffOGWiki 3624203 Redirected page to [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Edit Checklist]] 4680903 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Editing Guidelines#Edit Checklist]] __INDEX__ m13id8fbmaxzot73knr01ifmu6ftl6z 2 487029 4680912 2026-11-08T08:16:34Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 i written about Transmission of RF signals and their reception and images from wikicommos 4680912 wikitext text/x-wiki = BASEBAND PROCESSING & DIGITAL MODULATION = Wireless mobile communications require binary digital data to be converted into electromagnetic signals that can be transmitted through free space. This begins at the baseband processing engine within the Base Transceiver Station or user equipment. == Digital Signal Processing == Binary data is encoded using Forward Error Correction techniques such as Turbo, Low Density Parity Check, AND Polar codes. Controlled redundancy is then included in the raw data packets to make sure that corrupted frames can be reconstructed without needing retransmission all the time. Interleaving ensures that the coded bits get randomized in both time AND frequency domain to protect against burst errors due to fading. Scrambling will randomly alter the bits in the physical layer to reduce long sequences of constant data values to reduce difficulty during clock recovery. == Modulation AND Mapping == The processed BIT stream is mapped into discrete symbols using an In-phase AND Quadrature constellation. Depending on channel conditions modulation formats such as Quadrature Phase Shift Keying AND 16-[[Communication Systems/Quadrature Amplitude Modulation|QAM]], 64-QAM or 256-QAM are used. Modern 5G high throughput networks utilise modulation formats UP to 1024-QAM due to clean signals AND a high Signal to Noise Ratio.<ref name="3GPP">[https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=3213 3GPP TS 38.211 – NR; Physical channels and modulation].</ref> Bits per symbol range from 2-10 in digital systems depending on the constellation, which increases spectral efficiency. == Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing == Modern mobile networks utilise Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing to split high speed serial data into hundreds or thousands of smaller subcarriers. The Inverse Fast Fourier Transform is then applied to produce discrete time domain samples for each constellation point. A Cyclic Prefix is added to the beginning of each time domain symbol. This is achieved by copying the last portion of the symbol AND adding it to the front. This provides a protection period to prevent interference caused by intersymbol interference. = UP-CONVERSION, POWER AMPLIFICATION & TRANSMISSION = Once the time domain samples have left the digital processing unit, the signals are converted into the relevant frequency bands using analogue components. == Digital to Analogue Conversion AND Up-Conversion == High speed DACs are used to convert discrete baseband samples into a balanced analogue signal. The smoothing filters are used for removing any discrete jumps while converting. They also filter out quantisation errors that do not lie within the desired frequency band. An analogue mixer is used to combine the filtered baseband signal with a high frequency carrier wave from the local oscillator. Direct sampling systems will use high speed gigasample DACs to directly generate the desired radio frequency. == Power Amplification == The UP converted RF signal will go through a series of amplifiers with adjustable gain. Finally it will go through a high POWER amplifier. Here either Gallium Nitride or Lateral Diffusion Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor Transistors will be utilised as they have a high breakdown voltage. Power amplifiers operate close to the non-linear saturation point to increase the POWER added efficiency. This causes distortion in the signal. Digital Pre Distortion is used to monitor the output of the amplifier. This information is used in the baseband processor to introduce inverse distortion to the signal. == Filtering AND Transmission == The signal goes through a cavity band pass filter to reduce unwanted harmonics. Frequency Division Duplex networks use duplexers to send high POWER transmit signals into the antenna. Sensitive receiver parts are isolated from the high POWER signals. Time Division Duplex systems will use either PIN Solid State Diodes or Circulators to switch between transmit AND receive times. Antennas are matched to the 50 Ohm characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable. This launches transverse electromagnetic waves into the air. [[File:Cell-Tower.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A cell tower. Photo credit: Justin Smith, used under CC BY-SA 2.5.]] = RF CHANNEL & IMPAIRMENTS = Wireless radio signals will pass through unpredictable environments which will cause significant degradation to the signal. == Attenuation == As the electromagnetic signal spreads out in a spherical pattern the signal will decrease. The decrease is proportional to 1 over distance squared.<ref name="ITU525">[https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.525-5-202411-I/en ITU-R Recommendation P.525-5 – Calculation of free-space attenuation].</ref> Millimetre waves will suffer attenuation in the atmosphere. Oxygen molecules will cause strong attenuation at 60GHz. Water vapour will cause attenuation at 24GHz. Ground clutter, elevation profiles AND urban density will cause additional loss in the signal. This can be predicted using industry standard models such as 3GPP AND Okumura Hata.<ref name="ITU2108">[https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.2108-1-202109-I/en ITU-R Recommendation P.2108-1 – Prediction of clutter loss].</ref> == Reflections, Diffractions & Scatter == Large objects like buildings, roads AND ground will cause reflections due to the spreading wave fronts. Radio waves are able to diffract around the sharp corners such as roof corners, ensuring there is coverage in the shadowed canyons. Rough surfaces, vegetation AND structures will cause the signals to scatter. This results in the signal becoming dispersed in all directions. Penetration losses will occur when trying to get signals into buildings. Reinforced concrete, metal clad insulation glass AND brick will cause the signal to degrade. == Multipath Fading & Doppler == Many versions of the signal will reach the receiving antenna due to scattering. These signals will take different routes AND therefore will suffer from delay. This will cause constructive AND destructive interference between the signals causing large variations in amplitude. This is known as Rayleigh or Rician fading. Cell towers AND mobile vehicles will move relative to each other causing Doppler effects. This causes compression/stretching of the signal. Fast vehicle speeds will cause the signal to rapidly change. This means equalisers at the receiver will be required to constantly track the channel. = RECEIVING, DOWN-CONVERSION & FILTERING = A small portion of the EM field is picked UP by the receiving antenna. == Receiving Antenna & Low Noise Amplifier == Radio signals will cause small AC currents on the conducting parts of the antenna. Due to the distance the signal will often be very small reaching picowatts/femtowatts. This is only slightly above the thermal noise level. The signal will go through a Low Noise Amplifier located at the top of the mast or on the device antenna. The LNA has a high gain but very little noise. This will give the system a low noise figure. == Down Conversion == Superhet systems will mix the RF signal with the LO to produce an IF signal. Direct Conversion systems will directly convert the RF signal DOWN to baseband. Quadrature mixers will split the signal AND mix it with the LO signal. The LO signal will have a 90 degree phase difference. This will produce In-phase AND Quadrature signals. Interference caused by the adjacent channels can be filtered out using filters. Surface Acoustic Wave filters will be used for IF signals AND low pass filters for baseband. == Automatic Gain Control & Digitisation == AGC circuits track the strength of the input signal. Variable gain is used to avoid saturation. They operate over a large dynamic range. High resolution ADCs will sample the conditioned signal to satisfy Nyquist criteria. Direct sampling systems will remove any analogue DOWN conversion stages. This will directly sample the RF carrier signals. All mixing is done in firmware. = DEMODULATION, EQUALISATION & BIT RECOVERY = The digitised baseband signal will be passed into the digital processing unit. This will remove any imperfections in the channel. == Synchronisation & Carrier Recovery == The receiver will correlate the incoming data with known primary AND secondary synchronisation symbols. PLLs AND carrier frequency offset algorithms will identify AND cancel unwanted frequency offsets. This is caused by drift in the LO AND Doppler. Fractional timing algorithms will identify the start of each OFDM symbol. == Channel Estimation & Equalisation == The receiver will remove the cyclic prefix from each symbol. The FFT will be used to convert the time domain samples into parallel IF subcarriers. Known pilot signals are added throughout the time frequency grid. This will allow the receiver to calculate the complex channel matrix. Minimum Mean Square Error AND Zero Forcing will be used to reverse the estimated channel imperfections. This will remove any amplitude fading AND phase rotation. == Constellation Demapping & Decoding == The clean constellation points will be passed to demapper units. This will produce soft decision outputs known as Log Likelihood Ratios. Log Likelihood Ratios calculate the probability a BIT was a 0 or 1. Soft-decision metrics will be decoded through channel decoding with belief propagation in an iterative fashion, which will assist in the elimination of BIT errors. CRC calculations will be performed to ensure the decoded frames match the original signal. Valid payloads will be sent to higher layers. == References == <references /> o1e0jtllfrhn43kzg9tjpy9olwxthci 4680913 4680912 2026-11-08T08:21:05Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 i edited my content about this subtopic 4680913 wikitext text/x-wiki = BASEBAND PROCESSING & DIGITAL MODULATION = Wireless mobile communications require binary digital data to be converted into electromagnetic signals that can be transmitted through free space. This begins at the baseband processing engine within the Base Transceiver Station or user equipment. == Digital Signal Processing == Binary data is encoded using Forward Error Correction techniques such as Turbo, Low Density Parity Check, AND Polar codes. Controlled redundancy is then included in the raw data packets to make sure that corrupted frames can be reconstructed without needing retransmission all the time. Interleaving makes sure that the encoded bits are shuffled in time AS WELL AS in frequency domain to prevent bursts due to fading. Scrambling will randomly alter the bits in the physical layer to reduce long sequences of constant data values to reduce difficulty during clock recovery. == Modulation AND Mapping == The processed BIT stream is mapped into discrete symbols using an In-phase AND Quadrature constellation. Depending on channel conditions modulation formats such as Quadrature Phase Shift Keying AND 16-[[Communication Systems/Quadrature Amplitude Modulation|QAM]], 64-QAM or 256-QAM are used. Modern 5G high throughput networks utilise modulation formats UP to 1024-QAM due to clean signals AND a high Signal to Noise Ratio.<ref name="3GPP">[https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=3213 3GPP TS 38.211 – NR; Physical channels and modulation].</ref> The bits per symbol can vary between 2 and 10 for digital communications, depending on the constellation. == Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing == Modern mobile networks utilise Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing to split high speed serial data into hundreds or thousands of smaller subcarriers. The Inverse Fast Fourier Transform is then applied to produce discrete time domain samples for each constellation point. A Cyclic Prefix is added to the beginning of each time domain symbol. This is achieved by copying the last portion of the symbol AND adding it to the front. This provides a protection period to prevent interference caused by intersymbol interference. = UP-CONVERSION, POWER AMPLIFICATION & TRANSMISSION = Once the time domain samples have left the digital processing unit, the signals are converted into the relevant frequency bands using analogue components. == Digital to Analogue Conversion AND Up-Conversion == High speed DACs are used to convert discrete baseband samples into a balanced analogue signal. These smoothing filters are employed to eliminate any discontinuity during the conversion process. These filters eliminate quantization noise which does not lie in the required frequency range. An analogue mixer is used to combine the filtered baseband signal with a high frequency carrier wave from the local oscillator. Direct sampling systems will use high speed gigasample DACs to directly generate the desired radio frequency. == Power Amplification == The UP converted RF signal will go through a series of amplifiers with adjustable gain. Finally it will go through a high POWER amplifier. Here either Gallium Nitride or Lateral Diffusion Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor Transistors will be utilised as they have a high breakdown voltage. Power amplifiers operate close to the non-linear saturation point to increase the POWER added efficiency. This causes distortion in the signal. Digital Pre Distortion is used to monitor the output of the amplifier. This information is used in the baseband processor to introduce inverse distortion to the signal. == Filtering AND Transmission == The signal goes through a cavity band pass filter to reduce unwanted harmonics. Frequency Division Duplex networks use duplexers to send high POWER transmit signals into the antenna. Sensitive receiver parts are isolated from the high POWER signals. Time Division Duplex systems will use either PIN Solid State Diodes or Circulators to switch between transmit AND receive times. Antennas are matched to the 50 Ohm characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable. This launches transverse electromagnetic waves into the air. [[File:Cell-Tower.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A cell tower. Photo credit: Justin Smith, used under CC BY-SA 2.5.]] = RF CHANNEL & IMPAIRMENTS = Wireless radio signals will pass through unpredictable environments which will cause significant degradation to the signal. == Attenuation == As the electromagnetic signal spreads out in a spherical pattern the signal will decrease. The decrease is proportional to 1 over distance squared.<ref name="ITU525">[https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.525-5-202411-I/en ITU-R Recommendation P.525-5 – Calculation of free-space attenuation].</ref> Millimetre waves will suffer attenuation in the atmosphere. Oxygen molecules will cause strong attenuation at 60GHz. Water vapour will cause attenuation at 24GHz. Ground clutter, elevation profiles AND urban density will cause additional loss in the signal. This can be predicted using industry standard models such as 3GPP AND Okumura Hata.<ref name="ITU2108">[https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.2108-1-202109-I/en ITU-R Recommendation P.2108-1 – Prediction of clutter loss].</ref> == Reflections, Diffractions & Scatter == Large objects like buildings, roads AND ground will cause reflections due to the spreading wave fronts. Radio waves are able to diffract around the sharp corners such as roof corners, ensuring there is coverage in the shadowed canyons. Rough surfaces, vegetation AND structures will cause the signals to scatter. This results in the signal becoming dispersed in all directions. Penetration losses will occur when trying to get signals into buildings. Reinforced concrete, metal clad insulation glass AND brick will cause the signal to degrade. == Multipath Fading & Doppler == Many versions of the signal will reach the receiving antenna due to scattering. These signals will take different routes AND therefore will suffer from delay. This will cause constructive AND destructive interference between the signals causing large variations in amplitude. This is known as Rayleigh or Rician fading. Cell towers AND mobile vehicles will move relative to each other causing Doppler effects. This causes compression/stretching of the signal. Fast vehicle speeds will cause the signal to rapidly change. This means equalisers at the receiver will be required to constantly track the channel. = RECEIVING, DOWN-CONVERSION & FILTERING = A small portion of the EM field is picked UP by the receiving antenna. == Receiving Antenna & Low Noise Amplifier == Radio signals will cause small AC currents on the conducting parts of the antenna. Due to the distance the signal will often be very small reaching picowatts/femtowatts. This is only slightly above the thermal noise level. The signal will go through a Low Noise Amplifier located at the top of the mast or on the device antenna. The LNA has a high gain but very little noise. This will give the system a low noise figure. == Down Conversion == Superhet systems will mix the RF signal with the LO to produce an IF signal. Direct Conversion systems will directly convert the RF signal DOWN to baseband. Quadrature mixers will split the signal AND mix it with the LO signal. The LO signal will have a 90 degree phase difference. This will produce In-phase AND Quadrature signals. Interference caused by the adjacent channels can be filtered out using filters. Surface Acoustic Wave filters will be used for IF signals AND low pass filters for baseband. == Automatic Gain Control & Digitisation == AGC circuits track the strength of the input signal. Variable gain is used to avoid saturation. They operate over a large dynamic range. High resolution ADCs will sample the conditioned signal to satisfy Nyquist criteria. Direct sampling systems will remove any analogue DOWN conversion stages. This will directly sample the RF carrier signals. All mixing is done in firmware. = DEMODULATION, EQUALISATION & BIT RECOVERY = The digitised baseband signal will be passed into the digital processing unit. This will remove any imperfections in the channel. == Synchronisation & Carrier Recovery == The receiver will correlate the incoming data with known primary AND secondary synchronisation symbols. PLLs AND carrier frequency offset algorithms will identify AND cancel unwanted frequency offsets. This is caused by drift in the LO AND Doppler. The algorithms for fractional timing will detect the beginning of every OFDM symbol. == Channel Estimation & Equalisation == The receiver will remove the cyclic prefix from each symbol. The FFT will be used to convert the time domain samples into parallel IF subcarriers. Known pilot signals are added throughout the time frequency grid. This will allow the receiver to calculate the complex channel matrix. Minimum Mean Square Error AND Zero Forcing will be used to reverse the estimated channel imperfections. This will remove any amplitude fading AND phase rotation. == Constellation Demapping & Decoding == The clean constellation points will be passed to demapper units. This will produce soft decision outputs known as Log Likelihood Ratios. Log Likelihood Ratios calculate the probability a BIT was a 0 or 1. Soft-decision metrics will be decoded through channel decoding with belief propagation in an iterative fashion, which will assist in the elimination of BIT errors. CRC calculations will be performed to ensure the decoded frames match the original signal. Valid payloads will be sent to higher layers. == References == <references /> amk985v5oxjta04vaphk3jjzdy5zra7 4680920 4680913 2026-11-08T09:21:42Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 i edited abot this topic 4680920 wikitext text/x-wiki = BASEBAND PROCESSING & DIGITAL MODULATION = The wireless mobile communication involves the conversion of binary digital information into electromagnetic signals that will then be transmitted via free space. This process starts from the baseband processor engine found in the Base Transceiver Station or User Equipment. == Digital Signal Processing == Binary data is encoded using Forward Error Correction techniques such as Turbo, Low Density Parity Check, AND Polar codes. It creates redundancy control in raw data bits for ensuring that corruption is corrected by frame reconstructions without continuous retransmissions. Interleaving helps to randomise the coded bits in both time AND frequency domains to protect the payload from burst errors caused by fading. Scrambling will randomly alter the bits in the physical layer to reduce long sequences of constant data values to reduce difficulty during clock recovery. == Modulation AND Mapping == The processed BIT stream is mapped into discrete symbols using an In-phase AND Quadrature constellation. Depending on channel conditions modulation formats such as Quadrature Phase Shift Keying AND 16-[[Communication Systems/Quadrature Amplitude Modulation|QAM]], 64-QAM or 256-QAM are used. Modern 5G high throughput networks utilise modulation formats UP to 1024-QAM due to clean signals AND a high Signal to Noise Ratio.<ref name="3GPP">[https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=3213 3GPP TS 38.211 – NR; Physical channels and modulation].</ref> The number of digital bits per symbol varies between 2-10 depending on the constellation AND improves spectral efficiency. == Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing == Modern mobile networks utilise Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing to split high speed serial data into hundreds or thousands of smaller subcarriers. The Inverse Fast Fourier Transform is then applied to produce discrete time domain samples for each constellation point. Cyclic Prefix is inserted at the start of each time-domain symbol. This is done by replicating the end part of the symbol AND inserting it at the front. This provides a protection period to prevent interference caused by intersymbol interference. = UP-CONVERSION, POWER AMPLIFICATION & TRANSMISSION = Once the time domain samples have left the digital processing unit, the signals are converted into the relevant frequency bands using analogue components. == Digital to Analogue Conversion AND Up-Conversion == High speed DACs are used to convert discrete baseband samples into a balanced analogue signal. The smoothing filters are applied to eliminate the step discontinuities in the conversion process. They also help eliminate the quantisation errors that occur beyond the required frequencies. An analogue mixer is used to combine the filtered baseband signal with a high frequency carrier wave from the local oscillator. Direct sampling systems will use high speed gigasample DACs to directly generate the desired radio frequency. == Power Amplification == The UP converted RF signal will go through a series of amplifiers with adjustable gain. Finally it will go through a high POWER amplifier. Here either Gallium Nitride or Lateral Diffusion Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor Transistors will be utilised as they have a high breakdown voltage. The power amplifier works near the saturation level to enhance the added efficiency of the POWER. This will lead to distortion in the signal. Digital Pre Distortion is used to monitor the output of the amplifier. This information is used in the baseband processor to introduce inverse distortion to the signal. == Filtering AND Transmission == The signal goes through a cavity band pass filter to reduce unwanted harmonics. Frequency Division Duplex networks use duplexers to send high POWER transmit signals into the antenna. Sensitive receiver parts are isolated from the high POWER signals. Time Division Duplex systems will use either PIN Solid State Diodes or Circulators to switch between transmit AND receive times. Antennas are matched to the 50 Ohm characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable. This launches transverse electromagnetic waves into the air. [[File:Cell-Tower.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A cell tower. Photograph by Justin Smith, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5.]] = RF CHANNEL AND DEGRADATION = Wireless radio signals will pass through unpredictable environments which will cause significant degradation to the signal. == Attenuation == As the electromagnetic signal spreads out in a spherical pattern the signal will decrease. The decrease is proportional to 1 over distance squared.<ref name="ITU525">[https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.525-5-202411-I/en ITU-R Recommendation P.525-5 – Calculation of free-space attenuation].</ref> Millimetre waves will suffer attenuation in the atmosphere. Oxygen molecules will cause strong attenuation at 60GHz. Water vapour will cause attenuation at 24GHz. Ground clutter, elevation profiles AND urban density will cause additional loss in the signal. This can be predicted using industry standard models such as 3GPP AND Okumura Hata.<ref name="ITU2108">[https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.2108-1-202109-I/en ITU-R Recommendation P.2108-1 – Prediction of clutter loss].</ref> == Reflections, Diffractions & Scatter == Large objects like buildings, roads AND ground will cause reflections due to the spreading wave fronts. Diffractions allow radio signals to bend around sharp edges such as roof tops. This ensures coverage is maintained in shadowed canyons. Rough surfaces, vegetation AND structures will cause the signals to scatter. This causes the signal to spread out into many different directions. There will be penetration loss during transmission of signals indoors. The reinforced concrete, metal cladding insulation glass, and bricks will make the signals lose quality. == Multipath Fading & Doppler == Many versions of the signal will reach the receiving antenna due to scattering. These signals will take different routes AND therefore will suffer from delay. This will cause constructive AND destructive interference between the signals causing large variations in amplitude. This is known as Rayleigh or Rician fading. Cell towers AND mobile vehicles will move relative to each other causing Doppler effects. This causes compression/stretching of the signal. The high speed of the cars results in quick changes to the signal. This implies that equalizers in the receiver must continuously track the channel. = RECEIVING, DOWN-CONVERSION & FILTERING = A small portion of the EM field is picked UP by the receiving antenna. == Receiving Antenna & Low Noise Amplifier == Radio signals will cause small AC currents on the conducting parts of the antenna. Due to the distance the signal will often be very small reaching picowatts/femtowatts. This is only slightly above the thermal noise level. The signal will go through a Low Noise Amplifier located at the top of the mast or on the device antenna. High gain and low noise characterize the LNA. The result will be a low noise figure for the system. == Down Conversion == Superhet systems will mix the RF signal with the LO to produce an IF signal. Direct Conversion systems will directly convert the RF signal DOWN to baseband. Quadrature mixers will split the signal AND mix it with the LO signal. The LO signal will have a 90 degree phase difference. This will produce In-phase AND Quadrature signals. Filters will be used to remove any interference from adjacent channels. Surface Acoustic Wave filters will be used for IF signals AND low pass filters for baseband. == Automatic Gain Control & Digitisation == AGC circuits track the strength of the input signal. Variable gain is applied to prevent saturation. They operate over a large dynamic range. High resolution ADCs will sample the conditioned signal to satisfy Nyquist criteria. The direct sampling systems shall eliminate any analogue down conversion processes. The system will directly sample the radio frequency carrier signals. The mixing process shall all take place through firmware. = DEMODULATION, EQUALISATION & BIT RECOVERY = The digitised baseband signal will be passed into the digital processing unit. This will remove any imperfections in the channel. == Synchronisation & Carrier Recovery == The receiver will correlate the incoming data with known primary AND secondary synchronisation symbols. PLLs AND carrier frequency offset algorithms will identify AND cancel unwanted frequency offsets. This is caused by drift in the LO AND Doppler. Fractional timing algorithms will identify the start of each OFDM symbol. == Channel Estimation & Equalisation == The receiver will remove the cyclic prefix from each symbol. The FFT will be used to convert the time domain samples into parallel IF subcarriers. Pilot signal is included in the entire time-frequency grid. This way, the channel matrix can be determined. Minimum mean square error AND zero-forcing techniques are employed to counter the channel estimation errors. This way, the effect of the amplitude fading AND phase shift is mitigated. == Constellation Demapping & Decoding == The clean constellation points will be passed to demapper units. This will produce soft decision outputs known as Log Likelihood Ratios. Log Likelihood Ratios calculate the probability a BIT was a 0 or 1. Soft decision metrics will be processed by channel decoders using iterative belief propagation. This will help to remove any remaining BIT errors. CRC calculations will be performed to ensure the decoded frames match the original signal. Valid payloads will be sent to higher layers. == References == <references /> a0h1xe980e4xqfnt5gvrh19604d3nuj 4680921 4680920 2026-11-08T09:23:02Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 Blanked the page 4680921 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 4680922 4680921 2026-11-08T09:28:09Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 i edited this content based my goverment websites 4680922 wikitext text/x-wiki = Baseband Processing = Within either the BTS or User Equipment the binary digital data is converted into radio waves for wireless mobile communications. The process starts with baseband processing. image_e1c41d.png == Digital Signal Preparation == Forward error correction processes the binary data streams using different coding techniques such as Turbo, Low-Density Parity- Check AND Polar codes. Channel coding adds extra information to the raw BIT stream to guarantee frames can be reconstructed in the receiver without constantly requesting the data be resent.<ref name="3GPP-38212">3GPP, [https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=3214 TS 38.212 – NR; Multiplexing and channel coding].</ref> Interleaving ensures the coded bits are spread out in both time AND frequency domains to prevent burst corruption of the data within the payload. Scrambling ensures the BIT pattern within the physical layer is randomised to avoid long patterns of constant logic levels. This helps with synchronising the clock. == Modulation Schemes == The processed BIT stream is mapped to discrete symbols which are plotted on the In-phase AND Quadrature constellation diagram. Depending on the current channel conditions the baseband will be modulated using various schemes. This includes Quadrature Phase Shift Keying combined with 16-QAM, 64-QAM AND 256-QAM. Modern 5G high capacity mmWave AND sub 6GHz deployments will use UP to 1024QAM IF the signal conditions are clean with a high Signal to Noise Ratio. Depending on the modulation scheme used, 2 to 10 bits of data will be mapped to the symbol increasing spectral efficiency.<ref name="3GPP-38211">3GPP, [https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=3213 TS 38.211 – NR; Physical channels and modulation].</ref> == Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing == Modern mobile networks utilise Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing to divide the high speed serial data into hundreds or thousands of subcarriers. The Inverse Fast Fourier Transform is calculated to map the constellation symbols into discrete samples. A cyclic prefix is added to the front of each time domain symbol. This is done by taking the last part of the sample block AND placing it at the beginning. This provides a margin of error to ensure there is no interference between symbols. = Up-Conversion = Once the baseband samples have left the digital processor they’re passed to the analogue components to be converted to radio frequency. == Digital to Analogue Conversion == High speed DACs are used to convert the discrete samples into an analogue balanced voltage. Low pass filters are used to smooth the conversion providing a cleaner output. An analogue mixer is used to combine the filtered baseband signal with the high frequency sinusoidal from the Local Oscillator. Direct RF samplers can skip some steps AND use high speed gigasample converters to directly produce the desired RF frequencies. == Power Amplification == The RF signal is passed to a series of variable gain preamplifiers. The RF signal is then passed to a high POWER amplifier. High powered amplifiers use Gallium Nitride or laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductors due to their high breakdown voltage AND thermal stability. They operate close to saturation to have high POWER added efficiencies. This causes distortion to the envelope. Digital Pre Distortion are used to monitor the amplifier outputs AND apply inverted distortion models to the baseband processor. == Filtering == The amplified signal is passed through a cavity bandpass filter to reduce harmonics. Frequency Division Duplex networks include a duplexer filter to separate the high POWER transmit signal to the antenna AND stop signals getting to the sensitive receivers. Time Division Duplex networks use PIN diodes or Circulators to switch between transmitting AND receiving at the antenna. The transmit antenna has a 50Ω matching impedance to match the coax cable AND free space. The antenna will launch a transverse electromagnetic wave. = RF Propagation = Radio waves propagate through an unknown environment which affects the signal severely. == Path Loss == As the signal propagates the POWER spreads out over a larger area. The POWER will decrease inversely to the square of the distance. Millimetre waves suffer attenuation from the atmosphere. Oxygen molecules cause high attenuation at ~ 60GHz AND water causes attenuation at ~ 24GHz.<ref name="ITU-P676">ITU-R, [https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.676/en Recommendation P.676 – Attenuation by atmospheric gases].</ref> Path Loss will occur from ground clutter, elevation contours AND buildings in urban areas. This can be modelled using standards such as 3GPP AND Okumura-Hata. == Reflection == Large objects compared to the wavelength will cause reflected waves from the expanding wave fronts hitting buildings, roads AND the ground. Diffraction will occur causing the radio waves to bend around sharp edges such as roof tops. This ensures coverage in street canyons. Scattering will occur from rough surfaces, plants AND buildings causing the energy to scatter in many random directions. Penetration loss occurs as the signal will struggle to penetrate reinforced concrete, metal lined insulation glass AND bricks. == Multipath Fading == Multiple scattered versions of the transmitted signal will be received from different paths. These signals will arrive later due to the longer PATH. Depending on the phase of the signal the amplitude will fluctuate greatly. This is known as Rayleigh or Rician fading. When there is relative movement between the cell towers AND the mobiles this will cause a Doppler effect. This will cause the signal to compress/stretch. Fast moving vehicles will cause quick variations which means the receiver equaliser needs to constantly adapt to the changing channel. = Reception = A proportion of the electromagnetic field is picked UP by the receiving antenna. == Signal Reception == Radio waves will induce a small AC current in the antenna. The received signal will often be very small, sometimes reaching picowatts/femtowatts. The signal will often be just above the noise level. The signal is passed to a Low Noise Amplifier which is located at the top of the mast or antenna. This will have a high gain with little noise inside to give a good noise figure. == Down Conversion == Superhet receivers will mix the RF signal with a local oscillator to create an IF signal. Zero IF receivers will convert the radio signals directly DOWN to baseband. Quadrature mixers will split the signal AND mix with LO signals with a 90° phase difference. This will create In-phase AND Quadrature signals. Filters are used at IF AND baseband to remove interference from neighbouring channels. == Automatic Gain Control == Automatic Gain Control circuits will monitor the input strength AND adjust the gain to stop saturation. This will work over a large dynamic range. High resolution ADCs are used to sample the analogue signal at speeds to meet the Nyquist criteria. Direct RF samplers will skip the analogue steps AND sample the RF carrier directly. This means all the mixing is done in firmware. = Demodulation = The digital baseband signal is passed into the digital processing equipment to remove any channel impairments AND recover the data. == Synchronisation == The receiver will correlate the incoming data with the known primary/secondary synchronisation symbols to find where the frame/slots begin. Phase locked loops AND carrier frequency offset calculations will find any frequency offset caused by the LO drifting AND Doppler. This will be cancelled out. Fractional timing calculations will determine where the start of each OFDM symbol is to ensure the FFT is correctly placed. == Channel Estimation == The cyclic prefix is removed from each symbol. The FFT hardware will convert the time domain samples into parallel frequency subcarriers. Pilot symbols are included in the time frequency grid to allow the receiver to calculate the complex channel matrix. Minimum Mean Square Error or Zero Forcing equalisers are used to invert the channel impairments. This will remove any amplitude AND phase issues. == De-mapping == The cleaned constellation points are passed to digital de-mappers. This will produce soft decisions (Log Likelihood Ratio). The Log Likelihood Ratio calculates the likelihood of a BIT being a 0 or 1. Soft decision values are passed to channel decoders to decode the bits. Belief propagation are used in an iterative fashion. Cyclic Redundancy Checks will be performed to ensure the decoded frames match the original transmission. Valid data is passed UP the network. == References == <references /> 6bfscuy7w4ohvvn19ndgjynj6oan9oe 2 487030 4680919 2026-11-08T09:06:20Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 i writen about this content 4680919 wikitext text/x-wiki = CELL SEARCH, SYSTEM INFORMATION AND INITIAL ACCESS = Communication between the mobile phone AND base station occurs once the cellular phone is turned on or entered a new coverage area<ref name="3GPP-LTE" />. The device needs TO find, sync TO AND register with an available cellular network. == Carrier Frequency Search & Sync == The handset will scan across the available frequency bands. The handset will measure the signal strength indicators. The receiver of the handset uses correlation between received signals AND known Primary Synchronization Signals (PSS) TO identify subframe timing AND physical CELL identities of a group. The handset identifies secondary synchronization signals (SSS) TO establish radio frame timing AND physical CELL identity. This process will enable the handset TO align TO the base stations symbols AND make accurate frequency offset adjustments. == System Information == Once synced the handset will decode the Master Information Block (MIB). The MIB is continuously broadcast across the Physical Broadcast Channel. The MIB contains key information about how things should be transmitted. This includes information like channel bandwidth, SYSTEM frame numbers AND ancillary control channel configuration. The handset will also decode System Information Blocks (SIBs). These are broadcast across the Physical Downlink Shared Channel. SIB1 contains information about CELL ACCESS restrictions, tracking area codes AND public land mobile network identity. SIB2 & SIB3 contain information about UPLINK carrier configurations, common channel configurations AND CELL reselection criteria during idle mode. == Random Access == The mobile phone will initiate communication with the base station using a contention based Random Access Channel. Message 1: The handset will send a random ACCESS preambles signature through the physical UPLINK. Message 2: The base station identifies the preambles AND sends a Random Access Response which contains initial Timing Advance values AND UPLINK resources. Message 3: The handset will apply the Timing Advance values. The handset will then send an RRC Connection Request containing the unique device identity. Message 4: The base station will respond with a Contention Resolution Message confirming the allocation of dedicated UPLINK/downlink resources. ---- = DUPLEXING, MULTIPLE ACCESS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION = The cellular network divides the spectrum into sections for duplex. == Duplex == Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) will assign two different carrier frequency bands for UPLINK/downlink traffic. This method enables continuous bi-directional traffic which is ideal for low latency services such as voice AND basic broadband. Time Division Duplex (TDD) will assign one carrier frequency band. The base station will alternate between UPLINK AND downlink traffic. This provides the network operator flexibility TO change how much downlink/UPLINK time resources are used depending on mobile data consumption. == Multiple Access == Modern cellular networks use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for downlink communications. Broad carrier channels will be split into orthogonal sub-carriers. This will enable the devices TO communicate without interfere between each other as there are no guard bands. Mobile phones use Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) or DFT-spread OFDM for UPLINK communications. This reduces the peak TO Average Power Ratio (PAPR). The reduced PAPR will stop non-linear distortion occurring within the POWER amplifier of the handset. This will increase battery life whilst also reducing heat. == Resource Allocation == Base stations will allocate wireless spectrum TO the mobile phone using Physical Resource Blocks (PRB). A PRB will consist of 12 consecutive sub-carriers for a given amount of time. Downlink control channels will contain scheduling information. This will tell the handset what PRB AND modulation scheme TO use. Schedulers will dynamically calculate the best airtime based on channel conditions, buffer status AND quality of service requirements every millisecond. ---- = UPLINK/ DOWNLINK CONTROL = Constant bi-directional control will ensure the physical channels remain stable, data is complete AND throughput is maintained. == Downlink Control == The Physical Downlink Control channel (PDCCH) will transmit Downlink Control Information (DCI). The DCI will contain information about where data will arrive, transport block size, antenna ports AND modulation scheme. The PDCCH will allocate UPLINK resources. This will tell the handset exactly what frequency resources AND transmission time TO use. The PDCCH will have dynamic aggregation levels dependant on link quality. == Uplink Control == The mobile phone will provide information about the channel conditions through the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). Channel Quality Indicators (CQI) will tell the base station scheduler what modulation AND Coding Scheme (MCS) the channel can support. Precoding Matrix Indicators (PMI) & Rank Indicators (RI) will tell the base station how TO configure the multi antenna beam forming AND spatial multiplexing. The handset will send Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) acknowledgements (ACK) AND negative acknowledgements (NACK). == Timing Advance & Power Control == The physical distance between the handset AND base station will vary. This causes a delay for the signals TO arrive. This will cause issues with symbol alignment on shared UPLINK time resources. The base station will measure when signals arrive from the mobile phone. The base station will send fine Timing Advance commands. The handset will add additional time TO when it sends the signal. This will ensure signals arrive at the same time from everyone. Power control commands will be sent TO the handset TO adjust the transmit POWER. This will overcome any pathloss whilst reducing interference TO other cells. ---- = MOBILITY, HANDOVER & POWER SAVING = Cellular networks have processes in place TO ensure data AND voice calls are not interrupted as mobile phone users move around. == Radio Link Monitoring == Whilst the handset is connected, it will constantly monitor the reference signal received POWER (RSRP) AND reference signal received quality (RSRQ) from both the serving AND neighbour cells. If the neighbour signal becomes higher than the serving signal by an operator defined threshold a measurement report will be sent TO the base station. Network controllers will use these measurement reports TO decide if a handover is required. == Handover == The serving base station will send a Handover Command TO the mobile phone using RRC. The handset will disconnect from the previous radio carrier. The handset will tune TO the required frequency AND align TO the new CELL. Handover will occur seamlessly through the transfer of data packets from the source base station TO the target base station. This will occur across the fast X2/Xn back haul. Handover complete will confirm the mobile phone has been handed over. Ensuring the voice call/data call is not interrupted. == Power Saving == Discontinuous Reception (DRX) will turn off the transceivers during expected periods of no activity. During connected mode DRX the handset will sleep for short amounts of time AND periodically wake up TO decode PDCCH sub-frames. During idle mode extended DRX (eDRX) AND paging will occur. This will put the transceivers TO sleep for longer amounts of time. The transceivers will wake up TO see if there are any calls. Power Saving Mode (PSM) will put the baseband AND radio into a deep sleep mode for long periods. ---- = SECURITY & PROTOCOL STACK = Communication between the mobile phone AND base station occurs using multiple layers of software AND hardware. These are designed TO keep data secure AND ensure packets are delivered<ref name="3GPP-LTE" />. == Protocol Stack == The physical layer (PHY) will handle channel coding, modulation, spatial antenna processing AND RF conversion. The Medium Access Control (MAC) layer will handle multiplexing, prioritisation of logical channels AND very fast HARQ. The Radio Link Control (RLC) layer will handle segmentation/reassembly AND duplicate detection. This will use acknowledged/unacknowledged transfer. The Packet Data Convergence protocol (PDCP) will compress IP headers. PDCP will also handle ciphering AND integrity of user data AND signalling. The Radio Resource Control (RRC) will configure the connection state, broadcast SYSTEM information AND control handover. == Security == Mobile networks ensure users are legitimate through authentication. This uses mutually authentication using the physical SIM/eSIM. Handset AND base station controller will calculate authentication vectors using secret master keys stored on the SIM AND authentication centre. Mutual authentication will ensure the mobile phone only connects TO genuine telecom infrastructure. This prevents Rogue Base Stations AND IMSI catchers. PDCP will use stream ciphers such as SNOW 3G, AES or ZUC. This will prevent eavesdropping. Integrity will add a message authentication code TO control frames. == Core Network == The base station will receive AND re-assemble the user data packets. This will remove cellular protocol headers. The baseband will convert the clean IP payload into GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) tunnels. This will be done over standard UDP/IP. These will be passed across the fast fibre/optical back haul TO the Core Network gateways. == References == <references> <ref name="3GPP-LTE">3GPP, [https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/136300_136399/136300/18.05.00_60/ts_136300v180500p.pdf TS 36.300 – E-UTRA and E-UTRAN Overall Description].</ref> </references> 0bbnwnyj7ndhn62f0e14vil4jah3u3p 2 487031 4680924 2026-11-08T09:57:20Z Bojja Mahesh Yadav 3629813 i writen content about Antenna frequency and transmit power and added references als 4680924 wikitext text/x-wiki = LEGISLATION & POLICY = [[File:Cell Phone Tower.jpg|thumb|right|A cell phone tower. Photograph by Joe Ravi, CC BY-SA 3.0.]] The DoT set AND control the [[Electromagnetic radiation|EMF radiation]] standards for all mobile towers in India. This means you live in an area where some of the strictest exposure limits apply. == History of Policy == * 2008 – DoT adopt limits set by the International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). * 2010 – A inter Ministerial Committee looked at biological research on radiofrequency fields. They recommended that base station emissions should be reduced to a tenth of the 1998 ICNIRP standards. * From September 1st 2012, these reductions were applied. * 2014 – An expert committee (as directed by the Allahabad High Court) reviewed evidence relating to human health AND concluded that the 2012 precautionary limits provide complete SAFETY.<ref name="DoT-EMF-2014">Department of Telecommunications, Government of India, [https://www.dot.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/08/f5e00b30612004ac3a993a6f93d68d95.pdf Office Memorandum on EMF radiation, 27 February 2014].</ref> The Telecommunication Engineering Centre (TEC) write up the test methods, guidelines AND standards. The Licensed Service Area (LSA) with the Directorate General of Telecom (DGT) carry out FIELD work. (Previously known as TERM cells.) New POLICY has been introduced to allow 5G to be rolled out with updated operational parameters. These include up to 10 Watts per square meter to allow for active antenna, however strict regulations still apply for human exposure. == Key Points of Policy == * All locations have a 10x SAFETY factor. This ensures there is no requirement to have special zoning requirements around schools, hospitals or residential buildings. * Telecom infrastructure is classed as critical infrastructure under national legislation. * Local authorities have no authority to block base stations due to radiation concerns unless they get findings from DoT. * You can check the current EMF status of any mobile tower near you using the national website Tarang Sanchar. = FREQUENCY BANDS & POWER DENSITY LIMITS = Cellular tower radiation depends on the operating frequency AND the radiated Power Density. Power Density represents the amount of electromagnetic POWER passing through a given area. This is measured in Watts per square metre (W/m²) or Micro-Watts per square centimeter (µW/cm²). == Rules/Formula == Between 400MHz AND 2000MHz: * Power Density = f / 2000 W/m² * Electric Field Strength = 0.434 x √f V/m * Magnetic Field Strength = 0.0011 x √f A/m Between 2000MHz AND 300GHz: * Power Density = 1.00 W/m² (100µW/cm²) * Electric Field Strength = 19.29 V/m * Magnetic Field Strength = 0.05 A/m == Frequency Band Comparison == === 700MHz Band (5G Low Band – Band n28) === * Frequency = 700MHz * Indian Power Density Limit = 0.35 W/m² (35µW/cm²) * ICNIRP Global Reference Limit = 3.50 W/m² (350µW/cm²) * Indian Electric Field Limit = 11.48 V/m === 800MHz Band (LTE Band 5) === * Frequency = 800MHz * Indian Power Density Limit = 0.40 W/m² (40µW/cm²) * ICNIRP Global Reference Limit = 4.00 W/m² (400µW/cm²) * Indian Electric Field Limit = 12.27 V/m === 900MHz Band (GSM/LTE Band 8) === * Frequency = 900MHz * Indian Power Density Limit = 0.45 W/m² (45µW/cm²) * ICNIRP Global Reference Limit = 4.50 W/m² (450µW/cm²) * Indian Electric Field Limit = 13.02 V/m === 1800MHz Band (GSM/LTE Band 3) === * Frequency = 1800MHz * Indian Power Density Limit = 0.90 W/m² (90µW/cm²) * ICNIRP Global Reference Limit = 9.00 W/m² (900µW/cm²) * Indian Electric Field Limit = 18.41 V/m === 2100MHz Band (3G/LTE Band 1) === * Frequency = 2100MHz * Indian Power Density Limit = 1.00 W/m² (100µW/cm²) * ICNIRP Global Reference Limit = 10.00 W/m² (1000µW/cm²) * Indian Electric Field Limit = 19.29 V/m === 2300MHz & 2500MHz Band (LTE Band 40, Band 41) === * Frequency = 2300-2500MHz * Indian Power Density Limit = 1.00 W/m² (100µW/cm²) * ICNIRP Global Reference Limit = 10.00 W/m² (1000µW/cm²) * Indian Electric Field Limit = 19.29 V/m === 3300MHz to 3670MHz (5G Mid Band – Band n78) === * Frequency = 3500MHz (Nominal centre frequency) * Base Precautionary Limit = 1.00 W/m² (100µW/cm²) * Updated Base Station Limit = Up to 10.00 W/m² (Updated POLICY for new network expansion to match international standards.) === 26GHz Band (5G Millimeter Wave – Band n258) === * Frequency = 26GHz * General Public Limit = 1.00 W/m² This is extremely short wavelength so the radiation will only penetrate the top layers of skin. = ANTENNA CONFIGURATIONS, TX POWER & EIRP = The RF equipment used will determine how much energy is put out from the cell SITE. Base stations do not put out radiation in all directions. Energy is focused out using the antenna. == Transmit Power == Macro cell transceivers have a transmit POWER of between 20 Watts (43dBm) AND 80 Watts (49dBm) per carrier. Typically you will see 4 to 8 carriers in a multi-carrier sector giving a total of 160 Watts to 320 Watts. Small cells AND Micro cells have much lower POWER outputs. Between 250mW (24dBm) AND 10 Watts (40dBm). Indoor DAS have a transmit POWER less than 100mW (20dBm). == Antenna Gain == Sector antennas on base stations will have a passive gain. Typically between 15dBi AND 18dBi. This is not additional POWER, it is simply focusing the energy away from the vertical axis AND into a wide horizontal fan. The horizontal beam width is 65 degrees (at 3dB points). This will give a 120 degree sector. Vertical beam width is very narrow. Between 4 AND 8 degrees. Front to back ratios will be greater than 25dB. This means very little energy is being transmitted backwards. == Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) == This is the amount of POWER that would need to be transmitted from an isotropic source to create the same peak Power Density in the main beam. The formula is: EIRP (dBm) = Tx Output Power (dBm) – Cable AND Connectors (dB) + Antenna Gain (dBi). A typical 40W (46dBm) transmitter connected to a 2dB loss cable AND 17dBi antenna will give: EIRP = 46 – 2 + 17 = 61dBm (1258 Watts). Outside of the main beam the Power Density will drop by factors of 100-1000 (20-30dB). == Down Tilt == The down tilt of the antenna will be set by the operator to ensure the cell footprint is controlled. This will ensure there is no interference between cells. * Mechanical tilt – Will physically tilt the bracket down between 0-10 degrees. * Electrical tilt – Will progressively delay the phase of the internal columns between 0-10 degrees. The beam will go straight out towards the horizon AND then tilt down hundreds of metres. There will be almost no radiation coming off the roof directly under the antenna. The back lobes AND bottom null will reduce the radiation to over 30dB. A 3-5 meter exclusion zone will be in place directly in front of a high POWER macro antenna. This ensures humans cannot get anywhere that is over the Indian exposure limits. == Massive MIMO / 5G Beamforming == Active antenna units with integrated radio transceivers are used in 5G. These commonly have 32T32R AND 64T64R. Total POWER will be 200W or 320W with 64 elements (Approx 3-5W per element). Digital beamforming will produce a narrow beam of energy. This will follow your active device. Once you are no longer transmitting data the active beam will disappear AND there will be zero RF energy in your direction. = COMPLIANCE, FIELD TESTS & SITE CHECKS = The DoT enforce compliance through self certification, multi operator calculations AND FIELD checks. == Self Certification == All telecom service providers must calculate the theoretical exposure values for all base stations. Operators will submit a self certificate to the LSA FIELD unit. This will confirm the SITE is compliant with Indian limits at all accessible locations. They must be re-certified every 2 years. If a new frequency band is added, upgraded to 5G or transmit POWER increased, an immediate re-certification must be filed. == Multi Operator Calculations == Multiple transmitters will be on towers. Multiple operators will be using the tower on multiple frequency BANDS. Calculations must be done to ensure compliance. The total exposure ratio (TER) will be calculated. TER = (Power Density 1 / Limit 1) + (Power Density 2 / Limit 2) + ... + (Power Density n / Limit n). If the calculated or measured TER is 1.0 or above at any accessible location then the SITE is not compliant with Indian standards. All the operators sharing the tower will be responsible for making changes. == Field Checks == The LSA FIELD unit will perform random checks on a minimum of 5% of active base stations per year. The testing officers will use calibrated FIELD strength meters following TEC guidelines. Broadband testing will be performed using isotropic tri-axis probes. This will take a reading of all electromagnetic POWER in the area between 100kHz AND 6GHz. If the broadband results are approaching 50% of the limit, engineers will carry out narrowband testing using a selective radiation meter (SRM). Narrowband testing will sweep each carrier channel. This will show the exact frequency, bandwidth AND Power Density of each operator. Measurements will be taken at a standard height of 1.5 meters. The average will be taken over 6 minutes.<ref name="TEC-EMF-2021">Telecommunication Engineering Centre, [https://www.dot.gov.in/static/uploads/2026/05/a5c2a86c5a420a4f329b253b2f745530.pdf Test Procedure for Measurement of Electromagnetic Fields from Base Station Antenna (TEC 13019:2021)].</ref> == Checking Your Local Mobile Tower == You can check the emissions from your local mobile tower by visiting the Tarang Sanchar website. Over 1.45million base stations are mapped across India. Enter your location to find out what towers are near you. This will show you the location, operator, technology AND certificates. You can request a FIELD check to be carried out on your home or office by paying a Government fee of Rs. 4,000. An LSA engineering team will visit your SITE. They will carry out measurements using certified meters AND produce a report.<ref name="DoT-EMF-Portal">Department of Telecommunications, [https://dgtelecom.gov.in/emf-radiation/ EMF Radiation].</ref> = SAFETY, PHONE SAR & PENALTIES = Often people talk about mobile tower SAFETY, however this is often confused with ionising radiation. Knowing how the physics AND mobile phone POWER works will show you the true exposure. == Safety == Mobile tower radiation is non-ionising. The photon energy in cellular BANDS is less than 0.001eV. This is millions of times less than the 10-12eV needed to remove electrons from atoms or damage DNA strands. The only proven biological effect from radio waves is heating. Indian Power Density limits ensure we are thousands of times below the level needed to cause heating. The World Health Organisation have reviewed over 25,000 studies over 3 decades AND have found no compelling evidence of any negative effects or cancer from low level base station RF exposure.<ref name="WHO-Wireless">World Health Organization, [https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/radiation-and-health/non-ionizing/wireless Radiation and health: Wireless].</ref> == Phone SAR == SAR stands for Specific Absorption Rate. This is the rate at which RF energy is absorbed by human tissue. It is measured in Watts per kilogram (W/kg). India have strict rules for phone SAR. This must be below 1.6W/kg averaged over 1gram of human tissue. This is the same as the United States Federal Communications Commission. It is stricter than the ICNIRP phone SAR of 2.0W/kg averaged over 10grams.<ref name="DoT-EMF-2014" /> Your phone will transmit directly onto your head or pocket. This accounts for over 99% of your personal RF exposure. The base station, hundreds of metres away, will account for less than 1% of your exposure. All cellular systems use adaptive POWER control. If you are far away from a tower your phone will increase the internal POWER to maximum (2000mW for 2G or 200mW for 4G/5G) to ensure the signal gets to the far antenna. If you are close to a well designed base station your phone will pick up a strong signal AND reduce the internal transmit POWER to less than 1mW. The more towers in your local area the less POWER your phone will use therefore less personal exposure. == Penalties == The DoT have strict penalties. If during an LSA check they find a base station to be over the Indian EMF limits, a penalty will be imposed. The operator will be fined between Rs. 10Lakh and 20Lakh per non-compliant BTS. If there are multiple operators on the SITE the penalty will be split between them depending on their exposure ratios. The operator will be given 30 days to reduce the transmit POWER, adjust down tilt or fix their installation. If they are not fully compliant after 30 days they will be forced to shut down the SITE. == References == <references /> adr3kdvdfmyr0b1gcmkrznnjxcrrye1