Wikipedia ffwiki https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello_ja%C9%93%C9%93orgo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.8 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 4 2039 176457 176077 2026-06-25T13:29:17Z MediaWiki message delivery 3284 /* Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki */ new section 176457 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ * '''ff:''' * '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection. Archives: [[:Special:PrefixIndex/Wikipedia:Damugal renndo/|ici]]. == The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello everyone, We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well. Summary: <div style="font-style:italic;"> We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]]. </div> === Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year === In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published. However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]]. We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist. === Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities === We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes. === A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet === We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe. We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon! === Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase === If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes! === Feedback === * What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages? * How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]] * What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022? * What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022? Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings. </div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 7 Siilto 2021 à 00:23 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/>L'équipe de la Stratégie du Mouvement annonce [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|l'appel à candidatures pour le Comité de rédaction de la Charte du Mouvement]]. L'appel s'ouvre le 2 août 2021 et se termine le 14 septembre 2021. Le Comité est censé représenter [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|diversité dans le Mouvement]]. La diversité comprend le genre, la langue, la géographie et l'expérience. Cela comprend la participation aux projets, aux affiliés et la Fondation Wikimedia. Il n'est pas nécessaire de maîtriser l'anglais pour devenir membre. Si besoin, une aide à la traduction et à l'interprétation est fournie. Les membres recevront une allocation pour compenser les coûts de participation. Elle est de 100 dollars américains tous les deux mois. Nous recherchons des personnes qui possèdent certaines des [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|compétences]] suivantes: * Savoir rédiger en collaboration. (une expérience confirmée est un plus) * Être prêts à trouver des compromis. * Se concentrer sur l'inclusion et la diversité. * Avoir une connaissance des consultations communautaires. * Avoir une expérience de la communication interculturelle. * Avoir une expérience de la gouvernance ou de l'organisation dans des organismes à but non lucratif ou des communautés. * Avoir une expérience de la négociation avec différentes parties. Le comité devrait commencer avec 15 personnes. S'il y a 20 candidats ou plus, un processus mixte d'élection et de sélection aura lieu. S'il y a 19 candidats ou moins, alors le processus de sélection sans élection a lieu. Voulez-vous aider à faire avancer Wikimedia dans ce rôle important ? Soumettez votre candidature [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_State|ici]]. Veuillez contacter strategy2030[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org pour toute question.<section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 10 Siilto 2021 à 17:01 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22002240 --> == Server switch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 11 Siilto 2021 à 00:45 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Talk to the Community Tech == [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Hello! As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join''']. '''Agenda''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022 * Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes * Questions and answers '''Format''' The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English. We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting. '''Invitation link''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online] * Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390 * One tap mobile ** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York) ** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose) * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location] See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 11 Siilto 2021 à 03:03 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter == Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[Utilisateur:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:Dušan Kreheľ|yeewtu]]) 29 Siilto 2021 à 22:16 (UTC) == Le vote pour l'élection des membres du comité de rédaction de la Charte du Mouvement est désormais ouvert == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021|{{int:otherlanguages}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Le vote pour l'élection des membres du comité de rédaction de la Charte du Mouvement est désormais ouvert. Au total, 70 Wikimédien.ne.s du monde entier briguent 7 sièges lors de ces élections. '''Le vote est ouvert du 12 au 24 octobre 2021 (partout dans le monde).''' Le comité sera composé de 15 membres au total : les communautés en ligne votent pour 7 membres, 6 membres seront sélectionnés par les affiliés Wikimedia via un processus parallèle et 2 membres seront nommés par la Fondation Wikimedia. L'objectif est de réunir le comité d'ici le 1er novembre 2021. Renseignez-vous sur chaque candidat.e pour éclairer votre vote dans la langue de votre choix : <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates> En savoir plus sur le comité de rédaction : <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee> Nous testons une application d'opinion de vote pour cette élection. Allez voir dans l'outil et vous verrez quel.le candidat.e se rapproche le plus de vous! Vérifiez sur <https://mcdc-election-compass.toolforge.org/> Lire l'annonce complète : <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections> '''Allez voter via SecurePoll sur :''' <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections> Bien à vous, l'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du mouvement, Wikimedia Foundation <section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 14 Yarkomaa 2021 à 02:22 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/fr&oldid=22176746 --> == Discutez avec l’équipe Technologies communautaires == [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|100px|right]] Bonjour ! Nous, l’équipe travaillant sur la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|consultation des souhaits de la communauté]] (CSC), aimerions vous inviter à une réunion en ligne avec nous. Celle-ci aura lieu le [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20211027T1430 '''{{#time:j xg|2021-10-27}} ({{#time:l|2021-10-27}}) à {{#time:H:i e|14:30|fr|1}}'''] sur Zoom et durera une heure. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83847343544 '''Participer''']. '''Ordre du jour''' * Devenez un ambassadeur de la consultation des souhaits de la communauté (CSC). Aidez-nous à faire parler de la CSC dans votre communauté. * Nouvelles informations pour les souhaits [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|Homonymie]] et [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Aperçu en temps réel]] * Questions et réponses '''Format''' La rencontre ne sera pas enregistrée ni diffusée en flux. Des notes anonymes seront prises et publiées sur Meta-Wiki. La présentation (tous les points à l’ordre du jour à l’exception des questions et réponses) sera donnée en anglais. Nous pouvons répondre aux questions posées en '''français''', anglais, polonais, espagnol, allemand et italien. Si vous voulez poser une question en avance, vous pouvez l’écrire [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|sur la page de discussion de la consultation des souhaits de la communauté]] ou l’envoyer à sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. Cette réunion sera animée par [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (la chef de l’équipe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Technologies communautaires]]). '''Lien d'invitation''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83847343544 S'inscrire en ligne] * ID de la réunion : <span dir=ltr>83847343544</span> * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kwDbq4box Numéros de téléphone locaux] Nous espérons vous voir ! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 22 Yarkomaa 2021 à 23:13 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Francophones&oldid=20689614 --> == Voici les nouveaux membres du Comité de rédaction de la Charte du Mouvement == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Les processus d'élection et de sélection du Comité de rédaction de la Charte du Mouvement sont terminés. * Les [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results|résultats des élections ont été publiés]]. 1018 personnes ont voté pour élire sept membres du comité: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_Knipel_(Pharos)|Richard Knipel (Pharos)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anne_Clin_(Risker)|Anne Clin (Risker)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Alice_Wiegand_(lyzzy)|Alice Wiegand (Lyzzy)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Micha%C5%82_Buczy%C5%84ski_(Aegis_Maelstrom)|Michał Buczyński (Aegis Maelstrom)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_(Nosebagbear)|Richard (Nosebagbear)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ravan_J_Al-Taie_(Ravan)|Ravan J Al-Taie (Ravan)]]''' et '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ciell_(Ciell)|Ciell (Ciell)]]'''. * Le [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Affiliate-chosen_members|processus des affiliés]] a sélectionné six membres : '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anass_Sedrati_(Anass_Sedrati)|Anass Sedrati (Anass Sedrati)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#%C3%89rica_Azzellini_(EricaAzzellini)|Érica Azzellini (EricaAzzellini)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Jamie_Li-Yun_Lin_(Li-Yun_Lin)|Jamie Li-Yun Lin (Li-Yun Lin)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Georges_Fodouop_(Geugeor)|Georges Fodouop (Geugeor)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Manavpreet_Kaur_(Manavpreet_Kaur)|Manavpreet Kaur (Manavpreet Kaur)]]''' et '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Pepe_Flores_(Padaguan)|Pepe Flores (Padaguan)]]'''. * La Wikimedia Foundation a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Wikimedia_Foundation-chosen_members|nommé]] deux membres : '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Runa_Bhattacharjee_(Runab_WMF)|Runa Bhattacharjee (Runab WMF)]]''' et '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Jorge_Vargas_(JVargas_(WMF))|Jorge Vargas (JVargas (WMF))]]'''. Le comité se réunira bientôt pour commencer ses travaux. Le comité peut nommer jusqu'à trois membres supplémentaires pour combler les lacunes en matière de diversité et d'expertise. Si vous souhaitez participer au processus de rédaction de la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Charte du mouvement]], suivez les nouvelles [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|sur Meta]] et rejoignez le [https://t.me/joinchat/U-4hhWtndBjhzmSf groupe Telegram]. Avec les remerciements de l'équipe Stratégie et gouvernance du Mouvement<section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 1 Jolal 2021 à 23:43 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/fr&oldid=22285587 --> == Le futur de la Consultation des souhaits de la communauté == [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|100px|right]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/Talk to Us|Lire ce message dans une autre langue]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/Talk_to_Us&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] {{int:Hello}} Nous, l’équipe travaillant sur la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|consultation des souhaits de la communauté]] (CSC), aimerions vous inviter à une réunion en ligne avec nous. Celle-ci aura lieu le [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20211130T1700 '''{{#time:j xg|2021-11-30}} ({{#time:l|2021-11-30}}) à {{#time:H:i e|17:00|fr|1}}'''] sur Zoom et durera une heure. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82035401393 '''Participer''']. '''Ordre du jour''' * Changements dans la Consultation des souhaits de la communauté pour 2022. Participez aux décisions. * Devenez un ambassadeur de la consultation des souhaits de la communauté. Aidez-nous à faire parler de la CSC dans votre communauté. * Questions et réponses '''Format''' La rencontre ne sera pas enregistrée ni diffusée en flux. Des notes anonymes seront prises et publiées sur Meta-Wiki. La présentation (tous les points à l’ordre du jour à l’exception des questions et réponses) sera donnée en anglais. Nous pouvons répondre aux questions posées en français, anglais, polonais, espagnol, allemand et italien. Si vous voulez poser une question en avance, vous pouvez l’écrire [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|sur la page de discussion de la consultation des souhaits de la communauté]] ou l’envoyer à sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. Cette réunion sera animée par [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (la chef de l’équipe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Technologies communautaires]]). '''Lien d'invitation''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82035401393 S'inscrire en ligne] * ID de la réunion : <span dir=ltr>82035401393</span> * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/keu6UeRT0T Numéros de téléphone locaux] Nous espérons vous voir ! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|discuter]]) 26 Jolal 2021 à 20:08 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Francophones&oldid=20689614 --> == Appel à commentaires à venir sur les élections du conseil d'administration == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content /> :''Ce message est traduit dans plusieurs autres langues sur Meta-wiki''. :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Le conseil d'administration prépare un appel à commentaires pour les prochaines élections du conseil d'administration, du 7 janvier au 10 février 2022. Les détails seront finalisés la semaine précédant l'appel, mais nous avons confirmé au moins deux questions qui seront posées lors de cet appel à commentaires: * Quelle est la meilleure façon d'assurer une représentation équitable des communautés émergentes au sein du conseil? * Quelle doit être la participation des candidat.e.s pendant l'élection? Bien que d'autres questions puissent être ajoutées, l'équipe Stratégie et gouvernance du mouvement souhaite donner le temps aux membres de la communauté et aux affiliés de réfléchir et de préparer des idées sur les questions confirmées avant l'ouverture de l'appel. Nous nous excusons de ne pas avoir une liste complète de questions pour le moment. La liste des questions ne devrait s'allonger que d'une ou deux questions. L'intention n'est pas de submerger la communauté de demandes, mais de l'informer et de recueillir ses réactions sur ces questions importantes. '''Vous souhaitez participer à l'organisation d'une conversation locale pendant cet appel ?''' Contactez l'équipe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement]] sur Meta, sur [https://t.me/wmboardgovernancechat Telegram], ou par courriel à msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org. N'hésitez pas à nous contacter si vous avez des questions ou des préoccupations. L'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement aura un effectif réduit jusqu'au 3 janvier. Veuillez excuser tout retard de réponse pendant cette période. Nous sommes également conscients que certains membres de la communauté et affiliés sont déconnectés pendant les vacances de décembre. Nous nous excusons si notre message vous parvient pendant que vous êtes en vacances. Bien à vous, Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> {{int:thank-you}} [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 28 Bowte 2021 à 15:59 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=22506356 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 28th''' of February. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2022 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 9 Siilo 2022 à 13:15 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf&oldid=22560402 --> == Consultation des souhaits de la communauté pour 2022 == [[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|right|200px]] La '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|consultation des souhaits de la communauté pour 2022]]''' a débuté ! Cette consultation est le processus par lequel les communautés décident sur quoi l’équipe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Technologies communautaires]] doit travailler durant l’année qui suit. Nous encourageons tout le monde à soumettre des propositions avant le '''23 janvier''', ou à commenter les propositions des autres pour les améliorer. Les communautés voteront pour les propositions entre le 28 janvier et le 11 février. L’équipe Technologies communautaires se concentre sur les outils pour les contributeurs expérimentés de Wikimédia. Vous pouvez écrire vos propositions dans n’importe quelle langue, nous les traduirons pour vous. Merci, nous avons hâte de les recevoir ! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 10 Siilo 2022 à 18:23 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Francophones&oldid=20689614 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]]. You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... Thank you. '''Feminism and Folklore Team''', [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] --11 Siilo 2022 à 05:49 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf&oldid=22574381 --> == L'appel à commentaires sur les élections du Conseil d'administration est maintenant ouvert == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" />:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|Ce message est disponible dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Élections du conseil d'administration : l'appel à commentaires est maintenant ouvert et se terminera le 7 février 2022. Avec cet appel à commentaires, l'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement adopte une approche différente. Cette approche intègre le retour d'informations de 2021 de la communauté. Au lieu de présenter des propositions, l'appel s'articule autour des questions-clés du Conseil d'administration. Les questions-clés sont issues des retours sur l'élection 2021 du conseil d'administration. L'intention est d'inspirer une conversation collective et le développement de propositions collaboratives sur ces questions-clés. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections|Participez à la conversation.]] Bien à vous, L'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 13 Siilo 2022 à 03:23 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=22506356 --> == Discutez avec l’équipe Technologies communautaires == [[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|150px|right]] {{int:Hello}} Nous, l’équipe travaillant sur la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|consultation des souhaits de la communauté]] (CWS), aimerions vous inviter à une réunion en ligne avec nous. Celle-ci aura lieu le [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220119T1800 '''{{#time:j xg|2022-01-19}} ({{#time:l|2022-01-19}}) à {{#time:H:i e|18:00|fr|1}}'''] sur Zoom et durera une heure. Cet outil externe n’est pas soumis à [[foundation:Privacy_policy/fr|la politique de confidentialité de Wikimedia]]. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/85804347114 '''Cliquez ici pour Participer''']. '''Ordre du jour''' * Amenez le premier jet de votre proposition et discutez de vos questions sur la façon de l’améliorer avec un membre de l’équipe Technologies communautaires. '''Format''' La rencontre ne sera pas enregistrée ni diffusée en flux. Des notes anonymes seront prises et publiées sur Meta-Wiki. La présentation (tous les points à l’ordre du jour à l’exception des questions et réponses) sera donnée en anglais. Nous pouvons répondre aux questions posées en français, anglais, polonais, espagnol et allemand. Si vous voulez poser une question en avance, vous pouvez l’écrire [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|sur la page de discussion de la consultation des souhaits de la communauté]] ou l’envoyer à sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. Cette réunion sera animée par [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (la chef de l’équipe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Technologies communautaires]]). '''Lien d'invitation''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/85804347114 S’inscrire en ligne] * ID de la réunion : <span dir=ltr>85804347114</span> * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/keu6UeRT0T Numéros de téléphone locaux] Nous espérons vous voir ! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 18 Siilo 2022 à 01:02 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Francophones&oldid=20689614 --> == Subscribe to the This Month in Education newsletter - learn from others and share your stories == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Dear community members, Greetings from the EWOC Newsletter team and the education team at Wikimedia Foundation. We are very excited to share that we on tenth years of Education Newsletter ([[m:Education/News|This Month in Education]]) invite you to join us by [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|subscribing to the newsletter on your talk page]] or by [[m:Education/News/Newsroom|sharing your activities in the upcoming newsletters]]. The Wikimedia Education newsletter is a monthly newsletter that collects articles written by community members using Wikimedia projects in education around the world, and it is published by the EWOC Newsletter team in collaboration with the Education team. These stories can bring you new ideas to try, valuable insights about the success and challenges of our community members in running education programs in their context. If your affiliate/language project is developing its own education initiatives, please remember to take advantage of this newsletter to publish your stories with the wider movement that shares your passion for education. You can submit newsletter articles in your own language or submit bilingual articles for the education newsletter. For the month of January the deadline to submit articles is on the 20th January. We look forward to reading your stories. Older versions of this newsletter can be found in the [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|complete archive]]. More information about the newsletter can be found at [[m:Education/News/Publication Guidelines|Education/Newsletter/About]]. For more information, please contact spatnaik{{@}}wikimedia.org. ------ <div style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[User:ZI Jony|<span style="color:#8B0000">'''ZI Jony'''</span>]] [[User talk:ZI Jony|^{<span style="color:Green"><i>(Talk)</i></span>}]], {{<includeonly>subst:</includeonly>#time:l G:i, d F Y|}} (UTC)</div></div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:ZI Jony@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/Awareness_of_Education_Newsletter/List_of_Village_Pumps&oldid=21244129 --> == Nouvelles de la Stratégie et de la Gouvernance du Mouvement – Numéro 5 == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ucoc-newsletter"/> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Nouvelles de la Stratégie et de la Gouvernance du Mouvement'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Numéro 5 - janvier 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5|'''Lire le bulletin complet''']]</span> ---- Bienvenue au cinquième numéro des Nouvelles de la Stratégie et de la Gouvernance du Mouvement (anciennement connues sous le nom de Nouvelles du Code de Conduite Universel) ! Ce bulletin d'information révisé diffuse des nouvelles et des événements pertinents concernant la Charte du Mouvement, le Code de Conduite Universel, les subventions pour la mise en œuvre de la Stratégie du Mouvement, les élections du Conseil d'administration et d'autres sujets relatifs à la Stratégie et la Gouvernance du Mouvement. Cette lettre d'information sera distribuée tous les 3 mois, tandis que des mises à jour plus fréquentes seront également envoyées aux abonné.es toutes les semaines ou toutes les 2 semaines. N'oubliez pas de vous abonner [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|ici]] si vous souhaitez recevoir ces mises à jour. <div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> *'''Appel à commentaires sur les élections du conseil d'administration ''' - Nous vous invitons à donner votre avis sur la prochaine élection du conseil d'administration de la WMF. Cet appel à commentaires a été mis en ligne le 10 janvier 2022 et se terminera le 16 février 2022. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Call for Feedback about the Board elections|continuer la lecture]]) *'''Ratification du Code de Conduite Universel''' - En 2021, la WMF a demandé aux communautés comment faire appliquer le Code de Conduite Universel. Le projet révisé des directives d'application devrait être prêt pour le vote des communautés en mars. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Universal Code of Conduct Ratification|continuer la lecture]]) *'''Subventions pour la mise en œuvre de la stratégie du mouvement''' - Alors que nous continuons à étudier plusieurs propositions intéressantes, nous encourageons et accueillons plus de propositions et d'idées qui ciblent une initiative spécifique des recommandations de la stratégie du mouvement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Movement Strategy Implementation Grants|continuer la lecture]]) *'''La nouvelle orientation du bulletin d'information''' - Alors que le bulletin d'information de l'UCoC devient le bulletin d'information du MSG, rejoignez l'équipe de facilitation pour envisager et décider des nouvelles orientations de ce bulletin d'information. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#The New Direction for the Newsletter|continue la lecture]]) *''' Blogs Diff''' - Consultez les publications les plus récentes sur la Stratégie et la Gouvernance du Mouvement sur le blog Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Diff Blogs|continuer la lecture]])</div><section end="ucoc-newsletter"/> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 29 Siilo 2022 à 01:46 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=22703208 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Groupe de travail sur le développement du leadership : vos commentaires sont les bienvenus</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" />:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|Ce message est disponible dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' L'équipe "Développement Communautaire" de la Wikimedia Foundation soutient la création d'un groupe de travail globale, porté par la communauté, pour le développement du Leadership. L'équipe est à la recherche de commentaires sur les responsabilités du groupe de travail sur le développement du leadership. Cette page Meta contient la proposition d'un [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force|Groupe de travail sur le développement du leadership]] et la manière dont [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Participate|vous pouvez aider.]] Les commentaires sur la proposition sont recueillis du 7 au 25 février 2022.<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 9 Colte 2022 à 02:46 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=22796832 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">{{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team, We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc. We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language. Best wishes, '''International Team'''<br /> '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' [[Utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 22 Colte 2022 à 04:50 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Rockpeterson@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Remember to Participate in the UCoC Conversations and Ratification Vote!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|'''vote in SecurePoll from 7 to 21 March 2022''']] is scheduled as part of the ratification process for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement guidelines. Eligible voters are invited to answer a poll question and share comments. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|Read voter information and eligibility details.]] During the poll, voters will be asked if they support the enforcement of the Universal Code of Conduct based on the proposed guidelines. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/January_2022_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Community_ratification_of_enforcement_guidelines_of_UCoC|Wikimedia Foundation Board statement]] calls for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|ratification process]] where eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the UCoC Enforcement guidelines in a vote. Wikimedians are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information/Volunteer|translate and share important information]]. For more information about the UCoC, please see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|project page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|frequently asked questions]] on Meta-wiki. There are events scheduled to learn more and discuss: * A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations/Panel_Q&A|community panel]] on 18 February 2022 at 15:00 UTC shares perspectives from small- and medium-sized community participants. * The [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team is hosting Conversation Hours on 25 February 2022 at 12:00 UTC and 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations|'''sign-up for these conversation hours''']] to interact with the project team and the drafting committee about the updated enforcement guidelines and the ratification process. See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2022_conversation_hour_summaries|Conversation Hour summaries]] for notes from 4 February 2022. You can comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact either team by email: msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org or ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org Sincerely, Movement Strategy and Governance <br /> Wikimedia Foundation <br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 22 Colte 2022 à 20:47 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=22796832 --> == Coming soon == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> === Several improvements around templates === Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki: * Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]), * Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]), * and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right). All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. </div> - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 28 Colte 2022 à 12:38 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=22907463 --> == Rapports de l'appel à commentaires sur les élections 2022 du conseil d'administration de de la WMF == :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback is now closed|Ce message est disponible dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback is now closed|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback is now closed}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, L'[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections|appel à commentaires sur les élections 2022 au conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia foundation]] est désormais clos. Cet appel a débuté le 10 janvier et s'est terminé le 16 février 2022. L'appel s'est concentré sur [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Discuss Key Questions#Questions|trois questions-clés]] et a fait l'objet d'un large débat [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Discuss Key Questions|sur Meta-wiki]], lors des réunions avec les affiliés et dans diverses conversations communautaires. La communauté et les affiliés ont formulé de nombreuses propositions et points de discussion. Les [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Reports|rapports]] sont disponibles sur Meta-wiki. Ces informations seront partagées avec le conseil d'administration et le comité des élections afin qu'ils puissent prendre des décisions éclairées concernant la prochaine élection du conseil d'administration. Le Conseil d'administration fera ensuite une annonce après avoir discuté de ces informations. Merci à tous ceux et à toutes celles qui ont participé à l'appel à commentaires pour aider à améliorer les processus d'élection du conseil d'administration. Bien à vous, L'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 3 MBooy 2022 à 04:20 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=22796832 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Ouverture du vote de ratification des directives d'application du Code de conduite universel du 7 au 21 mars 2022</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]] :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, Le vote pour la ratification des [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|directives d'application révisées]] du [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Code de conduite universel]]. (UCoC) est maintenant ouvert ! Le [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Vote a commencé sur SecurePoll]]'' le 7 mars 2022 et se terminera le 21 mars 2022. [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|Pour en savoir plus et lire les conditions d'éligibilité]]. Le Code de Conduite Universel (UCoC) établit une base de conduites acceptables au sein de l'ensemble du mouvement. Les directives d'application révisées ont été publiées le 24 janvier 2022 comme une proposition de manière d'appliquer le texte au sein du mouvement. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|Pour en savoir plus sur le projet UCoC]]. Vous pouvez également faire vos commentaires dans la langue de votre choix sur les pages de discussion Meta-wiki de l'UCoC ou contacter l'équipe par courriel : ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org Bien à vous, L'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement Wikimedia Foundation<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 8 MBooy 2022 à 00:44 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=22796832 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow == [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. ([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram]) The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]] A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]]. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[Utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 14 MBooy 2022 à 14:40 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Rockpeterson@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Groupe de travail sur le développement du leadership : Candidatez pour rejoindre (du 14 mars au 10 avril 2022)</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, Merci à tous ceux et toutes celles qui ont participé à l'appel à commentaires sur l'initiative [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group|groupe de travail sur le développement du leadership]]. Un [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate#5. Summary of Call for Feedback|résumé des commentaires]] est disponible sur Meta-wiki. Ces commentaires seront partagés avec le groupe de travail pour éclairer son travail. La période de candidature pour rejoindre le groupe de travail est maintenant ouverte et se terminera le 10 avril 2022. Veuillez [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Purpose_and_Structure#3._How_is_the_working_group_formed_and_structured?|relire les informations sur le groupe de travail]], partager avec les membres de la communauté qui pourraient être intéressés, et '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Participate#1._How_to_participate|candidatez si vous êtes intéressé.e]]'''. Merci, De l'équipe développement communautaire<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 16 MBooy 2022 à 16:56 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]] [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on <b>31 March 2022 11:59 UTC</b>. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as <i>folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more</i> Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[Utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 26 MBooy 2022 à 14:28 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Rockpeterson@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf&oldid=23060054 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Résultats du vote de ratification des directives d'application du Code de Conduite Universel</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results/Announcement|Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' L'équipe "Trust and Safety Policy" a publié les résultats du vote de ratification des directives d'application du Code de Conduite Universel. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results| ''Voir les résultats et en lire plus sur Meta-wiki.'']]. Les [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/UCoC_Phase_2_Ratification_Results_Announcement|prochaines étapes]] sont également annoncées sur Meta-wiki.<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 6 Seeɗto 2022 à 16:20 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Nouvelles de la Stratégie et de la Gouvernance du Mouvement – Numéro 6</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ucoc-newsletter"/> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Nouvelles de la Stratégie et de la Gouvernance du Mouvement'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Numéro 6, avril 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6|'''Lire le bulletin complet''']]</span> ---- Bienvenue au sixième numéro des Nouvelles de la Stratégie et de la Gouvernance du Mouvement (anciennement connues sous le nom de Nouvelles du Code de Conduite Universel) ! Ce bulletin d'information révisé diffuse des nouvelles et des événements pertinents concernant la Charte du Mouvement, le Code de Conduite Universel, les subventions d'implémentation de la Stratégie du Mouvement, les élections du Conseil d'administration et d'autres sujets relatifs à la Stratégie et la Gouvernance du Mouvement. Cette lettre d'information sera distribuée tous les 3 mois, tandis que des mises à jour plus fréquentes seront également envoyées aux abonné.es toutes les semaines. N'oubliez pas de vous abonner [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|ici]] si vous souhaitez recevoir ces mises à jour. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> *'''Développement du leadership -''' Un groupe de travail est en train de se former ! - Les candidatures pour rejoindre le groupe de travail sur le développement du leadership ont été clôturées le 10 avril 2022. Jusqu'à 12 membres de la communauté seront sélectionnés pour participer au groupe de travail. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A1|continuer la lecture]]) *'''Les résultats de la ratification du Code de conduite universel sont connus ! -''' Le processus global de décision de l'application du code de conduite universel via SecurePoll s'est déroulé du 7 au 21 mars. Plus de 2 300 électeurs éligibles, issus d'au moins 128 projets différents, ont fait part de leur avis et de leurs commentaires. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A2|continuer la lecture]]) *'''Discussions sur les Hubs-''' L'événement "Global Conversation" sur les Hubs régionaux et thématiques a eu lieu le samedi 12 mars. 84 Wikimédiens et wikimédiennes venant de tout le mouvement y ont participé. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A3|continuer la lecture]]) *'''Les subventions pour la stratégie du mouvement restent ouvertes ! -''' Depuis le début de l'année, six propositions d'une valeur totale d'environ 80 000 USD ont été approuvées. Vous avez une idée de projet sur la stratégie du mouvement ? N'hésitez pas à nous contacter ! ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A4|continuer la lecture]]) *'''Le Comité de rédaction de la Charte du Mouvement est prêt ! -''' Le Comité de quinze membres qui a été élu en octobre 2021, s'est mis d'accord sur les valeurs et les méthodes essentielles de son travail, et a commencé à créer les grandes lignes du projet de Charte du Mouvement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A5|continuer la lecture]]) *'''Présentation du "Bulletin hebdomadaire sur la Stratégie du Mouvement" -''' Contribuez et abonnez-vous ! - L'équipe MSG vient de lancer le portail des mises à jour, qui est connecté aux différentes pages de la Stratégie du Mouvement sur Meta-wiki. Abonnez-vous pour recevoir les dernières nouvelles sur les différents projets en cours. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A6|continuer la lecture]]) *'''Blogs Diff -'''. Consultez les publications les plus récentes sur la Stratégie du Mouvement sur Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A7|continuer la lecture]]) </div><section end="ucoc-newsletter"/> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 13 Seeɗto 2022 à 17:04 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Participez aux conversations publiques sur le Plan annuel de la Wikimedia Foundation avec Maryana Iskander</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement|''Vous trouverez ce message traduit dans d’autres langues sur Meta-Wiki.'']] :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, Les équipes [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Communications|Communication interne]] et [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Stratégie et gouvernance du mouvement]] vous invite à discuter du '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft|Projet annuel 2022–23 de Wikimedia Foundation]]''', un document définissant le travail à faire pour la Wikimedia Foundation. Ces conversations publiques s’inscrivent dans [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Chief Executive Officer/Maryana’s Listening Tour|la « tournée d’écoute » de la directrice générale de la Wikimedia Foundation]], [[m:User:MIskander-WMF|Maryana Iskander]]. Les conversations publiques portent sur les points suivants : * La [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia 2030|Stratégie 2030 du mouvement Wikimedia]] définit nos orientations vers la « connaissance comme service » et « l’équité des connaissances ». La Wikimedia Foundation veut définir son projet selon ces deux objectifs. Comment, selon-vous, la Wikimedia Foundation doit-elle les appliquer à notre travail ? * La Wikimedia Foundation continue d’étudier la meilleure manière de travailler au niveau régional. Notre régionalisation s’est accentuée dans des domaines tels que les subventions, les nouvelles fonctionnalités et les consultations communautaires. Qu’est-ce qui fonctionne bien ? Qu’est-ce que nous pouvons améliorer ? * Tout le monde peut contribuer au processus de la Stratégie du mouvement. Mettons en commun nos activités, idées, demandes et les leçons que nous avons appris. Comment la Wikimedia Foundation peut-elle soutenir davantage les bénévoles et organisations affiliées qui travaillent sur la Stratégie du mouvement ? Vous pouvez consulter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft/Your Input|'''le calendrier des visioconférences sur Meta-Wiki''']]. Les informations seront disponibles dans plusieurs langues. Chaque visioconférence sera ouverte à toutes celles-et-ceux qui le souhaitent. Une interprétation en direct sera disponible pour certaines visioconférences. Bien cordialement,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 20 Seeɗto 2022 à 07:26 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Les prochaines étapes du processus du Code de Conduite Universel (UCoC) et de ses directives d'application.</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/April 2022 - Board of Trustees on Next steps: Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) and UCoC Enforcement Guidelines|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/April 2022 - Board of Trustees on Next steps: Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) and UCoC Enforcement Guidelines}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Le comité des Affaires Communautaires du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation souhaite remercier tous ceux et celles qui ont participé au vote de la communauté sur les directives d'application du Code de Conduite Universel (UCoC). Le groupe de scrutateurs bénévoles a terminé la vérification de l'exactitude du vote et a indiqué que le nombre total de votes reçus était de 2 283. Sur les 2 283 votes reçus, un total de 1 338 (58,6 %) membres de la communauté ont voté pour les directives d'application et un total de 945 (41,4 %) membres de la communauté ont voté contre. En outre, 658 participants ont laissé des commentaires, dont 77 % étaient rédigés en anglais. Nous reconnaissons et apprécions la passion et l'engagement dont les membres de la communauté ont fait preuve pour créer une culture sûre et accueillante qui met fin aux comportements hostiles et toxiques, soutient les personnes visées par ces comportements et encourage les personnes de bonne foi à être productives sur les projets Wikimedia. Même à ce stade où le processus n'est pas encore achevé, cela est évident dans les commentaires reçus. Bien que les directives d'application aient atteint le seuil de soutien nécessaire pour que le conseil d'administration les examine, nous avons encouragé les électeurs, quel que soit leur vote, à faire part de leurs commentaires sur les éléments des directives d'application qui, selon eux, devaient être modifiés ou corrigés, ainsi que sur les raisons de ces modifications, au cas où il semblerait judicieux de lancer une nouvelle série de modifications qui répondraient aux préoccupations de la communauté. Le personnel de la Fondation qui a passé en revue les commentaires, nous a informés de certains des thèmes émergents, et en conséquence, nous avons décidé, en tant que Comité des Affaires Communautaires, de demander à la Fondation de reconvoquer le comité de rédaction et d'entreprendre un autre engagement communautaire pour affiner les directives d'application sur la base des commentaires de la communauté reçus lors du vote qui vient de se terminer. Pour plus de clarté, ces commentaires ont été regroupés en 4 sections comme suit : # Identifier le type, le but et l'applicabilité de la formation ; # Simplifier la langue pour faciliter la traduction et la compréhension par les non-experts ; # Explorer le concept d'affirmation, y compris ses avantages et ses inconvénients ; # Revoir les rôles contradictoires de la vie privée/protection des victimes et du droit d'être entendu. D'autres questions peuvent émerger au cours des conversations, et en particulier au fur et à mesure de l'évolution du projet de directives d'application, mais nous considérons que ce sont les principaux domaines de préoccupation des électeurs, électrices et nous demandons au personnel de faciliter l'examen de ces questions. Après un engagement plus poussé, la Fondation devrait organiser à nouveau le vote de la communauté pour évaluer le projet de directives d'application remanié afin de voir si le nouveau document est alors prêt pour sa ratification officielle. De plus, nous sommes conscients des préoccupations relatives à la note 3.1 du Code de Conduite Universel. Nous demandons à la Fondation de faciliter la révision de cette note afin de s'assurer que le texte répond à ses objectifs de soutien à une communauté sûre et inclusive, sans attendre la révision prévue de l'ensemble du texte à la fin de l'année. Encore une fois, nous remercions toutes celles et tous ceux qui ont participé, qui ont réfléchi à ces enjeux cruciaux et difficiles et qui ont contribué à de meilleures approches dans l'ensemble du mouvement pour bien travailler ensemble. Bien à vous, Rosie Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight (she/her)<br /> Présidente par intérim du Comité des Affaires Communautaires <br /> Conseil d’administration de la Fondation Wikimédia<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 25 Seeɗto 2022 à 10:11 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now - April 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] has free access to new paywalled reliable sources. You can these and dozens more collections at https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/128/ Wiley]''' – journals, books, and research resources, covering life, health, social, and physical sciences * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/125/ OECD]''' – OECD iLibrary, Data, and Multimedia​​ published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/129/ SPIE Digital Library]''' – journals and eBooks on optics and photonics applied research Many other sources are freely available for experienced editors, including collections which recently became accessible to all eligible editors: Cambridge University Press, BMJ, AAAS, Érudit and more. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: log in today! <br>--The Wikipedia Library Team 26 Seeɗto 2022 à 13:16 (UTC) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Samwalton9@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=23036656 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Appel à candidatures pour les élections 2022 du conseil d'administration</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, Les candidatures pour l'élection de nouveaux administrateurs et de nouvelles administratrices au conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia foundation sont ouvertes. Cette année, 2 administrateurs.trices seront élu.es. C'est l'occasion d'améliorer la représentativité, la diversité et l'expertise au sein du Conseil. Les sièges à pourvoir cette année ont été précédemment [[m:Affiliate-selected Board seats/2019|sélectionnés par les affiliés]]. Cette année, une méthode différente sera utilisée : # Les candidats et candidates soumettent leur candidature avant le 9 mai ; ce délai peut être légèrement prolongé. # Tout membre de la communauté peut se présenter s'il remplit les conditions décrites [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|ici.]] # Les affiliés votent pour retenir six (6) noms à partir de la liste. # Chaque affilié dispose d'une voix. Le vote des affiliés devrait avoir lieu au début du mois de juillet. # La communauté vote pour élire deux des six candidat.es présélectionné.es. # Le vote de la communauté doit commencer le 15 août et se terminer le 29 août. # Le conseil d'administration nommera les deux candidat.es nouvellement élu.es. # Cette dernière étape, qui conclura le processus électoral, devrait avoir lieu au début du mois d'octobre 2022. Vous connaissez une candidate potentielle ou un candidat potentiel ? Encouragez-les à se présenter ! Vous êtes une candidate potentielle ou un candidat potentiel ? N'hésitez pas à candidater ! Plus de détails sur cette [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Apply_to_be_a_Candidate|page Meta-wiki]] Merci pour votre soutien ! L'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du mouvement au nom du comité des élections et du conseil d'administration.<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 26 Seeɗto 2022 à 16:42 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == Parlons des améliorations de l'interface ordinateur == [[File:New table of contents shown on English wikipedia.png|thumb]] Bonjour ! Avez-vous remarqué que certains wikis ont une interface pour ordinateur différente ? Vous êtes curieux de connaître les prochaines étapes ? Vous avez peut-être des questions ou des idées concernant le design ou les aspects techniques ? Participez à une réunion en ligne avec l'équipe qui travaille aux [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|améliorations de l'interface pour ordinateur de bureau]] ! La rencontre aura lieu le '''29 avril 2022 à [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220429T1300 13:00] et [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220429T1800 18:00 UTC]''' sur Zoom et aura une durée d'une heure. '''[https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/88045453898 Cliquez ici pour vous inscrire]'''. ID de la réunion : 88045453898. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kcOMICmyyA Numéros de téléphone locaux]. '''Ordre du jour''' * Point d’information sur les développements récents * Questions et réponses, discussion '''Format''' La réunion ne sera ni enregistrée ni diffusée. Les notes seront prises dans un [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G4tfss-JBVxyZMxGlOj5MCBhOO-0sLekquFoa2XiQb8/edit# fichier Google Docs]. Cette réunion sera animée par [[mw:User:OVasileva_(WMF)|Olga Vasileva]] (la chef d'équipe). La partie de présentation sera en langue anglaise. Nous pouvons répondre aux questions posées en français, italien (seulement à 18:00 UTC), anglais et polonais (aux deux réunions). Si vous préférez poser vos questions en avance, ajoutez-les dans la [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|page de discussion]] ou envoyez-les à sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. Lors de cette réunion, la [[foundation:Friendly_space_policy|Politique des Espaces Conviviaux]] et le [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Code_of_Conduct|Code de Conduite]] pour les Espaces Techniques Wikimédia s'appliquent. Zoom n'est pas soumis à la [[foundation:Privacy_policy|Politique de confidentialité de WMF]]. Nous espérons vous voir ! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|discuter]]) 27 Seeɗto 2022 à 13:12 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Francophones&oldid=20689614 --> == Coming soon: Improvements for templates == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <!--T:11--> [[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]] Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon: The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. * [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]] In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. * [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]] Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages! </div> -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 29 Seeɗto 2022 à 11:13 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=23222263 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Édition de l’actualité 2022 n°1</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Lire dans une autre langue]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Liste d’abonnement à cette lettre d’information multilingue]]</i> [[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|Les nouveaux éditeurs ont eu plus de succès avec ce nouvel outil.]] L'[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|outil de Nouveau thème]] aide des éditeurs à créer de nouvelles ==sections== dans des pages de discussion. Les nouveaux éditeurs ont eu plus de succès avec ce nouvel outil. Vous pouvez [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|lire le rapport]]. Bientôt, l'équipe d'édition l'offrira à tous les éditeurs des 20 Wikipedias qui ont participé au test. Vous pourrez le désactiver sur [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].<section end="message"/> </div> [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] 2 Duujal 2022 à 18:54 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=22019984 --> == Appel à bénévoles des élections == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <languages/> Bonjour, L'équipe Stratégie et gouvernance du mouvement recherche des membres de la communauté pour servir de bénévoles des élections lors de la prochaine élection du conseil d'administration. Le programme de bénévoles des élections a commencé en 2021 lors de l'élection du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation. Ce programme s'est avéré être un succès. Avec l'aide des bénévoles des élections, nous avons pu augmenter la sensibilisation et la participation à l'élection de 1 753 électeurs par rapport à 2017. Le taux de participation global était de 10,13 %, soit 1,1 point de pourcentage de plus, et 214 wikis étaient représentés lors de l'élection. Mais un total de 74 wikis qui n'ont pas participé en 2017 ont voté à l'élection de 2021. Pouvez-vous aider à améliorer la participation lors des élections de cette année ? Les bénévoles des élections apporteront leur aide dans les domaines suivants : * Traduire des messages courts et annoncer le processus électoral en cours dans les canaux communautaires. * Facultatif : Suivre les canaux de communication communautaires pour recueillir les commentaires et les questions de la communauté Les bénévoles doivent : * Maintenir la politique de l'espace convivial pendant les conversations et les événements. * Présenter les directives et les informations de vote à la communauté de manière neutre. Voulez-vous être un bénévole électoral et faire en sorte que votre communauté soit représentée lors du vote ? Inscrivez-vous sur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Election Volunteers/About|cette page Meta-wiki]] pour recevoir des mises à jour. Vous pouvez utiliser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Strategy and Governance/Election Volunteers/About|la page de discussions]] pour toute question concernant les traductions. Bien à vous, </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 3 Duujal 2022 à 06:33 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Rapport sur les commentaires des électeurs et électrices concernant la ratification des directives d'application du Code de Conduite Universel (UCoC)</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Report/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Report/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, L'équipe du projet UCoC a terminé l'analyse des commentaires accompagnant le vote de ratification des directives d'application du code de conduite universel. Après l'achèvement de la rédaction des directives d'application de l'UCoC en 2022, celles-ci ont été soumises au vote de la communauté wikimédienne. Les votes provenaient de 137 communautés, les 9 premières communautés étant : Wikipédia en anglais, allemand, français, russe, polonais, espagnol, chinois, japonais, italien et Meta-wiki. Les votant.es ont eu la possibilité de faire des commentaires sur le contenu du projet de document. 658 participant.es ont laissé des commentaires. 77% des commentaires sont rédigés en anglais. Les votant.es ont exprimé leurs opinions dans 24 langues, les plus nombreuses étant l'anglais (508), l'allemand (34), le japonais (28), le français (25) et le russe (12). Un rapport sera envoyé au comité de rédaction chargé de la révision qui affinera les directives d'application sur la base des commentaires de la communauté reçus lors du vote qui vient de se terminer. Une version publique du rapport est [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Report|'''publiée en plusieurs langues sur Meta-wiki ici''']]. {{int:please-translate}} Encore une fois, nous remercions toutes celles et tous ceux qui ont participé au vote et aux discussions. Nous invitons tout le monde à contribuer lors des prochaines discussions communautaires. Plus d'informations sur le Code de Conduite Universel et les directives d'application peuvent être trouvées [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|sur Meta-wiki]]. Au nom de l'équipe projet UCoC<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 23 Duujal 2022 à 15:41 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Révisions des directives d'application du Code de conduite universel (UCoC)</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, Après le vote de la communauté sur les directives d'application de l'UCoC en mars, le [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Comité des affaires communautaires (CAC)]] du Conseil [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JAYQN3NYKCHQHONMUONYTI6WRKZFQNSC/ a demandé que plusieurs points des directives soient revus pour être améliorés] avant que le Conseil ne procède à son examen final. Ces points ont été identifiés sur la base des discussions communautaires et des commentaires fournis lors du vote. Le CAC a également demandé la révision de la note controversée de la section 3.1 de l'UCoC. Une fois de plus, un grand merci à toutes les personnes qui ont voté, en particulier à celles qui ont fait des commentaires constructifs et des remarques ! L'équipe travaille avec le conseil d'administration pour établir un calendrier pour ce travail, et le communiquera le mois prochain. Les membres des deux précédents [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|comités de rédaction de l'UCoC]] ont généreusement offert leur temps pour contribuer à l'amélioration des directives. Vous pouvez en savoir plus sur eux et leur travail [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee#Revisions_Committee|ici]], et lire les [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee/Phase_2_meeting_summaries#2022|résumés de leurs réunions hebdomadaires de cette année]]. Les membres de la communauté ont fait de nombreux commentaires précieux lors du vote et dans d'autres conversations. Étant donné la taille et la diversité de la communauté Wikimedia, il y a encore plus de voix qui peuvent donner des idées sur la façon d'améliorer les directives d'application et ajouter des idées encore plus précieuses au processus. Afin d'aider le comité de révision à identifier les améliorations à apporter, nous vous demandons de répondre à plusieurs questions qui seront soumises à l'examen du comité. Visitez les pages Meta-wiki ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Revision_discussions|Discussions sur la révision des directives d'application]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Policy text/Revision_discussions|Discussions sur la révision du texte de l'UcoC]]) pour faire part de vos idées au comité. Il est très important que les points de vue des différentes communautés soient entendus avant que le comité ne commence à rédiger des propositions de révision. Au nom de l'équipe du projet UCoC <br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 6 Korse 2022 à 17:24 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == Results of Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 is out! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hi, Greetings The winners for '''[[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' is announced! We are happy to share with you winning images for this year's edition. This year saw over 8,584 images represented on commons in over 92 countries. Kindly see images '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Winners|here]]''' Our profound gratitude to all the people who participated and organized local contests and photo walks for this project. We hope to have you contribute to the campaign next year. '''Thank you,''' '''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 4 Morso 2022 à 16:12 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=23454230 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Proposez des déclarations pour la boussole électorale 2022</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass| Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, Dans le cadre des [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|élections 2022 du conseil d'administration,]] des volontaires sont [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|invités à proposer des déclarations à utiliser dans la boussole électorale]]. Une boussole électorale est un outil destiné à aider les électrices et les électeurs à choisir les candidates et les candidats qui correspondent le mieux à leurs convictions et à leurs opinions. Les membres de la communauté proposeront des déclarations auxquelles les candidates et les candidats devront répondre en utilisant une échelle de Lickert (d'accord/neutre/désaccord). Les réponses des candidats aux déclarations seront chargées dans l'outil Boussole électorale. Les électrices et électeurs utiliseront l'outil en entrant leur réponse aux déclarations (d'accord/désaccord/neutre). Les résultats montreront les candidates et les candidats qui correspondent le mieux aux croyances et aux opinions de l'électeur ou de l'électrice. Pour proposer une déclaration, il suffit d'accéder à [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass/Statements|cette page Meta-wiki]]. Les 15 meilleures déclarations seront sélectionnées par le comité des élections au début du mois d'août. Voici le calendrier : * Du 8 au 20 juillet : les volontaires proposent des déclarations pour la boussole électorale. * Du 21 au 22 juillet : le comité des élections vérifie que les déclarations sont claires et supprime les déclarations hors sujet. * Du 23 juillet au 1er août : les volontaires votent les déclarations. * Du 2 au 4 août : le comité des élections sélectionne les 15 meilleures déclarations. * Du 5 au 12 août : les candidates et candidats se positionnent par rapport aux déclarations. * 15 août : ouverture de la boussole électorale afin que les électrices et électeurs puissent l'utiliser pour orienter leur décision de vote. Le comité des élections supervisera le processus, avec le soutien de l'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement. Elle vérifiera que les déclarations sont claires, qu'il n'y a pas de doublons, pas de fautes de frappe, etc. Bien à vous, L'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement ''Ce message a été envoyé au nom du groupe de travail pour la sélection des membres du conseil d'administration et du comité des élections''.<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 11 Morso 2022 à 16:02 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Découvrez les 6 candidat.es présectionné.es pour l'élection 2022 du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election| Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, '''Le processus de vote des affiliés est terminé.''' Les représentant.es de chaque organisation affiliée se sont renseigné.es sur les candidat.es en lisant leurs déclarations, en examinant leurs réponses aux questions et en tenant compte de l'évaluation des candidat.es fournie par le comité d'analyse. Les candidat.es sélectionné.es pour le Conseil d'administration 2022 sont : * Tobechukwu Precious Friday ([[User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]]) * Farah Jack Mustaklem ([[User:Fjmustak|Fjmustak]]) * Shani Evenstein Sigalov ([[User:Esh77|Esh77]]) * Kunal Mehta ([[User:Legoktm|Legoktm]]) * Michał Buczyński ([[User:Aegis Maelstrom|Aegis Maelstrom]]) * Mike Peel ([[User:Mike Peel|Mike Peel]]) Plus d'informations sur les [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Results|Résultats]] et les [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Stats|statistiques]] de cette élection du Conseil d'administration. Nous remercions les représentant.es des affiliés et les membres du comité d'analyse pour leur participation à ce processus et pour avoir contribué à accroître la capacité et la diversité du conseil d'administration. Ces heures de travail bénévole nous permettent de mieux comprendre et de mieux appréhender les choses. Nous vous remercions de votre participation. Merci aux membres de la communauté qui se sont portés candidats au conseil d'administration. Envisager de rejoindre le conseil d'administration n'est pas une décision anodine. Le temps et le dévouement dont les candidats et candidates ont fait preuve jusqu'à présent témoignent de leur engagement envers ce mouvement. Félicitations aux candidat.es qui ont été sélectionné.es. Beaucoup de reconnaissance et de gratitude pour les candidat.es non sélectionné.es. Veuillez continuer à partager votre leadership avec le mouvement Wikimedia. Merci à celles et ceux qui ont suivi le processus des affiliés lors de cette élection du Conseil. Vous pouvez consulter les résultats du processus de sélection des affiliés. '''La prochaine étape du processus de l'élection du conseil d'administration est la période de vote de la communauté.''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022#Timeline|Vous pouvez consulter le calendrier des élections du conseil d'administration ici]]. Pour vous préparer à la période de vote de la communauté, il y a plusieurs choses que les membres de la communauté sont invités à faire : * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Lire les déclarations des candidat.es]] et lire les réponses des candidat.es aux questions posées par les représentant.es des affiliés. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Questions_for_Candidates|Proposer et sélectionner les 6 questions auxquelles les candidats et candidates devront répondre dans leurs vidéos Questions & Réponses]]. * Voir l'[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|évaluation des candidats par le comité d'analyse sur la base de la déclaration de leurs déclarations]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community Voting/Election Compass|Proposer des déclarations pour la boussole électorale]] que les électeur.trices peuvent utiliser pour identifier les candidat.e.s qui correspondent le mieux à leurs principes. * Encourager d'autres personnes de votre communauté à participer à l'élection. Bien à vous, Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement ''Ce message a été envoyé au nom du groupe de travail sur la sélection des membres du conseil d'administration et du comité des élections'' </div><section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 21 Morso 2022 à 13:53 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Nouvelles de la Stratégie et de la Gouvernance du Mouvement – Numéro 7</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="msg-newsletter"/> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Nouvelles de la Stratégie et de la Gouvernance du Mouvement'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Numéro 7 - juillet-septembre 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7|'''Lire le bulletin complet''']]</span> ---- Bienvenue au 7ème numéro des Nouvelles de la stratégie et de la gouvernance du mouvement ! Cette lettre d'information diffuse des nouvelles et des événements pertinents concernant la mise en œuvre des [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Recommandations de la stratégie du mouvement]] Wikimedia, d'autres sujets pertinents concernant la gouvernance du mouvement, ainsi que différents projets et activités soutenus par l'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement (MSG) de la Wikimedia Foundation. La lettre d'information MSG est diffusée tous les trimestres, tandis que la [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates|"Movement Strategy Weekly"]], plus régulière, sera diffusée chaque semaine. N'oubliez pas de vous abonner [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|ici]] si vous souhaitez recevoir les prochains numéros de cette lettre d'information. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> * '''Accroître la pérennité de notre mouvement''' : Le rapport annuel sur la durabilité de la Wikimedia Foundation a été publié. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A1|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Améliorer l'expérience utilisateur''' : améliorations récentes de l'interface bureau pour les projets Wikimedia. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A2|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Garantir sécurité et inclusion''' : mise à jour du processus de révision des directives d'application du code de conduite universel. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A3|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Assurer l'équité dans la prise de décision''' : rapports des conversations des Hubs pilotes, progrès récents du Comité de rédaction de la Charte du mouvement, et un nouveau livre blanc pour le futur de la participation au sein mouvement Wikimedia. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A4|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Se coordonner entre parties prenantes''' : lancement d'un service d'aide pour les affiliés et les communautés de volontaires travaillant sur le partenariat de contenu. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A5|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Développement du leadership''' : mises à jour sur les projets de leadership des organisateurs et organisatrices du mouvement Wikimedia au Brésil et au Cap-Vert. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A6|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Gérer notre savoir interne''' : lancement d'un nouveau portail de documentation technique et de ressources communautaires. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A7|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Innover dans la connaissance libre''' : des ressources audiovisuelles de haute qualité pour les expériences scientifiques et une nouvelle boîte à outils pour enregistrer les transcriptions orales. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A8|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Evaluer, itérer et adapter''' : résultats du projet pilote Equity Landscape ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A9|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Autres nouvelles et mises à jour''' : un nouveau forum pour discuter de la mise en œuvre de la stratégie de mouvement, la prochaine élection du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation, un nouveau podcast pour discuter de la stratégie du mouvement, et un changement de personnel pour l'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement de la fondation. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A10|continuer la lecture]]) </div><section end="msg-newsletter"/> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 25 Morso 2022 à 09:33 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == French fallback == The fallback language for this wiki is French. This means that things that are not translated into Fula are shown in French, rather than English. This was done in 2007 after [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T13266 a request] from the user Kasper Souren. I don't think that it was discussed much more than that. Fula is spoken in some French-speaking countries, but it's also spoken in English-speaking countries like Nigeria, Gambia, and others. Therefore, I'm not sure that it's good to show French to everyone. Should this configuration be removed, so that untranslated things are shown in English? [[Utilisateur:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:Amire80|yeewtu]]) 10 Juko 2022 à 12:37 (UTC) :Hello, :Currently, majority of the active Fula editors on Fulfulde Wikipedia are from countries where English serve as the official language. So, we will really appreciate it if the fallback language can be change to English. [[Utilisateur:Musaddam Idriss|Musaddam Idriss]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:Musaddam Idriss|yeewtu]]) 10 Juko 2022 à 15:46 (UTC) I'm also of the opinion that the fallback language of Fulah Wikipedia be changed to English language due to the fact that we the editors understand English more than French. [[Utilisateur:Ibrahim442|Ibrahim442]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:Ibrahim442|yeewtu]]) 10 Juko 2022 à 16:01 (UTC) == Namespaces == Hi, The Wikipedia in this language doesn't have namespaces translations. If you give them here, I'll do it for you. See the explanations here: # [[:translatewiki:Translating:MediaWiki#Translating namespace names]] # [[:translatewiki:Translating:MediaWiki/Basic glossary]] Simply reply to this message with the translations, or fill the following table. I have put some guesses that I found in the current translations, but I'm really not sure that they are correct. Please delete the wrong ones and write the correct things. {| class="wikitable" ! English name !! French name !! Arabic name !! <span style="white-space: nowrap">↓ ''Fula translations'' ↓</span> |- | Media || Média || ميديا || Meja |- | Special || Spécial || خاص || Keeriiɗum |- | Talk || Discussion || نقاش || Yeewtere |- | User || Utilisateur || مستخدم || Kuutoro |- | User talk || Discussion utilisateur || نقاش المستخدم || Yeewtere kuutoro |- | ''Wikipedia'' talk || Discussion Wikipedia || نقاش ويكيبيديا || Yeewtere Wikipediya |- | File || Fichier || ملف || Filde |- | File talk || Discussion fichier || نقاش الملف ||Yeewtere filde |- | MediaWiki || MediaWiki || ميدياويكي || MejaajeWiki |- | MediaWiki talk || Discussion MediaWiki || نقاش ميدياويكي || Yeewtere MejaajeWiki |- | Template || Modèle || قالب || Tiimtorde |- | Template talk || Discussion modèle || نقاش القالب || Yeewtere Tiimtorde |- | Help || Aide || مساعدة || Ballal |- | Help talk || Discussion aide || نقاش المساعدة || Yeewtere ballal |- | Category || Catégorie || تصنيف || Fedde |- | Category talk || Discussion catégorie || نقاش التصنيف || Yeewtere fedde |- | Module || Module || وحدة || Toɓɓere |- | Module talk || Discussion module || نقاش الوحدة || Yeewtere toɓɓere |- | Gadget || Gadget || إضافة || Gollirɗe |- | Gadget talk || Discussion gadget || نقاش الإضافة || Yeewtere gollirɗe |} You may find some of these names in [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=mediawiki&language=ff&filter=translated&optional=1&action=page&uselang=ff the current interface translations]. Thank you! [[Utilisateur:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:Amire80|yeewtu]]) 11 Juko 2022 à 07:21 (UTC) :Hi @[[Utilisateur:Musaddam Idriss|Musaddam Idriss]], :Thanks for filling the table! :I have a few questions, however: :# Why is "Template talk" translated as "Deppe bolle"? I'd expect to have words that are similar to "Tiimtorde" and "yeewtere", but it's completely different. :# Why is the word "bolle" used for "talk" in "File talk", while the word "yeewtere" is used in most other places? :# The word "MediaWiki" is translated too strongly. It's a name, and it's ''probably'' supposed to remain the same, unless the spelling "MediaWiki" is completely unacceptable in your language. Can you please update the translations of "MediaWiki" and "MediaWiki talk" accordingly? :# Are you sure that "User" is "Kuutoro" and "User talk" is "Yeewtere kutirowoo"? Is the word for "User" supposed to be written differently when it's after "Yeewtere"? :# Are you sure that "Help" is "Ballital"? In translations on translatewiki, it's "Ballal". :# It's less important, but can you try adding the last for items, about modules and gadgets? :Thank you! [[Utilisateur:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:Amire80|yeewtu]]) 12 Juko 2022 à 14:01 (UTC) ::1. Many of these words are technological terms which we actually don't have them in Fulfulde language. If only my opinion counts, I would have preferred the existing word "Tiimtorde" but when I take it to other Fulah editors from my place, they tried to prefer "Doppe" instead which is why "bolle" become the right word to go along instead of "Yeewtere". ::2. Same applied to question 2 ::3. I did this by updating the above table ::4. That was a spelling mistake, I have corrected it too ::5. "Ballal" is the right word, it was my keypad's word auto completion setting that interfered on some of the spellings. ::6. We don't have them but will try to derived them to be used as for now. May be in the future someone will come and update them. ::Thank you for your time and support! [[Utilisateur:Musaddam Idriss|Musaddam Idriss]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:Musaddam Idriss|yeewtu]]) 15 Juko 2022 à 08:56 (UTC) == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Report du vote de l'élection 2022 du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Delay of Board of Trustees election| Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Delay of Board of Trustees election|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Delay of Board of Trustees election}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, Je vous informe aujourd'hui d'un changement dans le calendrier du vote pour l'élection du conseil d'administration. Comme beaucoup d'entre vous le savent déjà, nous proposons cette année une [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|boussole électorale]] pour aider les électeurs et électrices à identifier le positionnement des personnes qui se sont portées candidates sur certains sujets clés. Plusieurs d'entre elles ont demandé une extension de la limite du nombre de caractères pour leurs réponses développant leurs positions, et le comité des élections a estimé que leur raisonnement était conforme aux objectifs d'un processus électoral juste et équitable. Pour garantir que les déclarations/affirmations les plus longues puissent être traduites à temps pour l'élection, le comité des élections et le groupe de travail pour la sélection des membres du conseil d'administration ont décidé de reporter d'une semaine l'ouverture du vote de l'élection du conseil d'administration - une période proposée comme idéale par l'équipe qui soutient l'élection. Bien que l'on ne s'attende pas à ce que tout le monde veuille utiliser la boussole électorale pour éclairer sa décision de vote, le comité des élections a estimé qu'il était plus approprié d'ouvrir la période de vote avec des traductions essentielles que les membres de la communauté, quelle que soit leur langue, pourront utiliser s'ils souhaitent prendre cette décision importante. Le vote sera ouvert le 23 août à 00:00 UTC et se terminera le 6 septembre à 23:59 UTC. Bien à vous, Matanya, de la part du comité des élections, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 16 Juko 2022 à 12:54 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == Invitation à rejoindre le Forum de la Stratégie du Mouvement == Bonjour, Le [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/ Forum de la Stratégie du Mouvement (MS Forum)] est un espace collaboratif multilingue pour toutes les conversations sur la mise en œuvre de la Stratégie du Mouvement. Nous invitons toutes les personnes du Mouvement à collaborer sur le forum. Le but du forum est de construire une collaboration communautaire en utilisant une plateforme multilingue et inclusive. La [[m:Movement_Strategy|Stratégie du Mouvement]] est un effort de collaboration pour imaginer et construire l'avenir du Mouvement Wikimedia. Tout le monde peut contribuer à la Stratégie du mouvement, du simple commentaire au projet à part entière. [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/ Rejoignez] ce forum avec votre compte Wikimedia, participez aux conversations et posez des questions dans votre langue. L'équipe Stratégie et gouvernance du mouvement (MSG) a lancé la proposition pour ce Forum MS en mai. Après une période d'examen de deux mois, nous venons de publier le [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/ms-forum-community-review-report/1436 rapport] de la période de revue de la communauté. Il contient un résumé des discussions, des mesures et des informations sur les prochaines étapes. Hâte de vous voir sur le Forum ! Meilleures salutations, [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 19 Juko 2022 à 18:24 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Le vote de la communauté est maintenant ouvert - Élection 2022 du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open| Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, La période de vote communautaire pour l'[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|élection 2022 du conseil d'administration]] est maintenant ouverte. Voici quelques liens utiles qui vous permettront de trouver les informations dont vous avez besoin pour voter : * Essayez la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|boussole électorale]], qui montre la position des candidats et candidates sur 15 sujets différents. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Lisez les déclarations des candidats et candidates]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Affiliate_Organization_Participation/Candidate_Questions|ainsi que leurs réponses aux questions des affiliés]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|En savoir plus sur les compétences recherchées par le conseil d'administration]] et comment le [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Comité d'analyse a trouvé que les candidats et candidates correspondent à ces compétences]]. Vous pouvez vous rendre sur [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_Elections_2022|SecurePoll]] pour voter dès maintenant. '''Vous pouvez voter du 23 août à 00h00 UTC au 06 septembre 2022 à 23h59 UTC'''. Pour connaître votre éligibilité au vote, veuillez consulter la page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|d'éligibilité au vote]]. Bien à vous, L'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement ''Ce message a été envoyé au nom du groupe de travail pour la sélection des membres du conseil d'administration et du comité des élections''.<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 23 Juko 2022 à 08:25 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> La période de vote de la communauté pour l'élection 2022 du conseil d'administration va bientôt se terminer</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting is about to Close| Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting about to Close|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting is about to Close}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, La période de vote de la communauté pour l'élection 2022 du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation a commencé le 23 août 2022 et se terminera le 6 septembre 2022 à 23h59 UTC. C'est encore le moment de participer à cette élection. Si vous n'avez pas encore voté, veuillez consulter la [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_Elections_2022|page de vote SecurePoll]] pour voter dès maintenant. Pour connaître votre éligibilité, veuillez visiter la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|page d'éligibilité]]. Si vous avez besoin d'aide pour prendre votre décision, voici quelques liens utiles : * Essayez la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|boussole électorale]], montrant comment les candidats se situent sur 15 sujets différents. * Lisez les [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|déclarations des candidats]] ainsi que [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Affiliate_Organization_Participation/Candidate_Questions|leurs réponses aux questions des affiliés]]. *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|En savoir plus sur les compétences recherchées par le Conseil]] et comment [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates| Le comité d'analyse a trouvé que les candidats correspondaient à ces compétences]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Campaign_Videos|Regardez les vidéos des candidats répondant aux questions proposées par la communauté]]. Bien à vous, L'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]31 Juko 2022 à 14:58 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23708250 --> == Plus que quelques heures pour voter - élections 2022 du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation == Bonjour, Encore quelques heures pour voter pour choisir les 2 nouveaux administrateurs ou nouvelles administratrices au conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation. Si vous n'avez pas encore voté, c'est le moment. Il suffit d'accéder à cette [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/393|page Meta-wiki]]. Voici quelques ressources pour vous aider à prendre votre décision : * Essayez la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|boussole électorale]], montrant comment les candidats se situent sur 15 sujets différents ; * Lisez les [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|professions de foi des candidats]] ainsi que [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Affiliate_Organization_Participation/Candidate_Questions|leurs réponses aux questions des affiliés]] ; * Informez-vous sur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|les compétences recherchées par le Conseil]] et [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|l’évaluation de ces compétences chez les candidats par une commission dédiée]] ; * Regardez [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Campaign_Videos|les vidéos des candidats répondant aux questions posées par la communauté]]. Consultez [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Stats|la page des statistiques]] pour voir les chiffres du vote. Bien à vous, [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 6 Siilto 2022 à 07:52 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23708250 --> == Version révisée des directives d’application du code de conduite universel (UCoC) == Bonjour, Le comité de révision des directives d'application du code de conduite universel (UCoC) sollicite vos commentaires concernant la [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|version révisée des directives d'application]]. Cette période de revue est ouverte du 8 septembre au 8 octobre 2022. Vous pouvez partager vos commentaires en plusieurs endroits et dans la langue de votre choix. Des discussions en direct sont également prévues. Veuillez consulter cette [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Conversation_hours|page Meta-wiki]] pour connaître les horaires et les détails. L'équipe de facilitation espère la participation du plus grand nombre de communautés. Si vous ne voyez pas de conversation se dérouler dans votre communauté, veuillez organiser une discussion. Les facilitateurs peuvent vous aider à mettre en place des conversations. Les discussions seront résumées et présentées au comité de rédaction toutes les deux semaines. Les résumés seront publiés sur cette [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee/Digests|page Meta-wiki]]. Bien à vous, [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 10:15, 13 Siilto 2022 (UTC)  <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23708250 --> == The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|The slides for our presentation at Wikimania 2022|page=26]] Hello. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. '''In two weeks, we would like to make the Vector 2022 skin the default on this wiki.''' We have been working on it for the past three years. So far, it has been the default on more than 30 wikis, including sister projects, all accounting for more than 1 billion pageviews per month. On average [[phab:T317529#8246686|87% of active logged-in users]] of those wikis use Vector 2022. It would become the default for all logged-out users, and also all logged-in users who currently use Vector legacy. Logged-in users can at any time switch to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|any other skins]]. No changes are expected for users of these skins. <div style="width:100%; margin:auto;"><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="Top of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022 </gallery><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="A section of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022 </gallery></div> === About the skin === '''[Why is a change necessary]''' The current default skin meets the needs of the readers and editors as these were 13 years ago. Since then, new users have begun using Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ The old Vector doesn't meet their needs.] '''[Objective]''' The objective for the new skin is to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. It draws inspiration from previous requests, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], and gadgets and scripts. The work helped our code follow the standards and improve all other skins. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|We reduced PHP code in Wikimedia deployed skins by 75%]]. The project has also focused on making it easier to support gadgets and use APIs. '''[Changes and test results]''' The skin introduces a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|series of changes]] that improve readability and usability. The new skin does not remove any functionality currently available on the Vector skin. * The sticky header makes it easier to find tools that editors use often. It decreases scrolling to the top of the page by 16%. * The new table of contents makes it easier to navigate to different sections. Readers and editors jumped to different sections of the page 50% more than with the old table of contents. It also looks a bit different on talk pages. * The new search bar is easier to find and makes it easier to find the correct search result from the list. This increased the amount of searches started by 30% on the wikis we tested on. * The skin does not negatively affect pageviews, edit rates, or account creation. There is evidence of increases in pageviews and account creation across partner communities. '''[Try it out]''' Try out the new skin by going to the appearance tab in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]] and selecting Vector 2022 from the list of skins. === How can editors change and customize this skin? === It's possible to configure and personalize our changes. We support volunteers who create new gadgets and user scripts. Check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|our repository]] for a list of currently available customizations, or add your own. === Our plan === '''If no large concerns are raised, we plan on deploying in the week of October 3, 2022'''. If your community would like to request more time to discuss the changes, hit the button and write to us. We can adjust the calendar. <div style="text-align: center;">[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|<span class="plainlinks mw-ui-button">Request for more time to discuss the change</span>]]</div> If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! Also, [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|see our FAQ]]. Thank you! [[mw:User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 04:15, 22 Siilto 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23838600 --> ---- === L'habillage Vector 2022 par défaut dans deux semaines ? === [[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|Les diapositives de notre présentation à Wikimania 2022|page=26]] {{int:Hello}}, je vous écris pour le compte de l'[[mw:Reading/Web|Équipe Web de la Fondation Wikimédia]]. '''Dans deux semaines, nous aimerions que Vector 2022 devienne l'habillage par défaut sur ce wiki.''' Nous y travaillons depuis trois ans. Jusqu'à présent, il a été adopté par défaut sur plus de 30 wikis, y compris des projets frères, qui représentent plus d'un milliard d'accès aux pages par mois. En moyenne, [[phab:T317529#8246686|87 % des utilisateurs actifs connectés]] de ces wikis utilisent Vector 2022. Il deviendrait l'habillage par défaut pour tous les utilisateurs non connectés, ainsi que pour tous les utilisateurs connectés qui actuellement utilisent Vector Legacy. Les utilisateurs connectés peuvent à tout moment adopter n'importe [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|quel autre habillage]]. Aucun changement est prévu pour les utilisateurs de ces habillages. <div style="width:100%; margin:auto;"><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="En haut de la page"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector Legacy (l'actuelle interface par défaut) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022 </gallery><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="Une section d'une page"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector Legacy (l'interface par défaut actuelle) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022 </gallery></div> === À propos de l'interface === '''[Pourquoi un changement est-il nécessaire]''' L'actuelle interface par défaut répondait aux attentes des lecteurs et des contributeurs tels qu'ils étaient il y a 13 ans. Depuis lors, de nouveaux utilisateurs ont commencé à utiliser les projets Wikimédia. [[wmfblog:2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ |L'ancienne interface Vector ne répond pas à leurs attentes.]] '''[But]''' Le but visé par le nouvel habillage est de rendre l'interface plus accueillante et confortable pour les lecteurs, et plus utile pour les utilisateurs expérimentés. Il s'inspire des demandes préalables, de la [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Consultation des souhaits de la communauté]], des gadgets et des scripts. Ce travail a permis à notre code de respecter les standards et d'améliorer tous les autres habillages. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|Nous avons réduit de 75 % le code PHP dans les habillages déployés par la Wikimédia]]. Le projet s'est également attaché à faciliter la prise en charge des gadgets et l'utilisation des API. '''[Changements et résultats des tests]''' L'habillage introduit une [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|série de changements]] qui améliorent la lisibilité et l'utilisabilité. Le nouvel habillage ne supprime aucune des fonctionnalités actuellement disponibles sur l'ancien Vector. * L'entête figé permet de trouver plus facilement les outils que les contributeurs utilisent couramment. Il diminue de 16 % le défilement vers le haut de la page. * Le nouveau sommaire facilite la navigation entre les diverses sections. Les lecteurs et les contributeurs sont passé d'une section à l'autre de la page 50 % plus souvent qu'avec l'ancien sommaire. L'apparence est également un peu différente sur les pages de discussion. * La nouvelle barre de recherche est plus facile à trouver et facilite la découverte du résultat de la recherche correct à partir d'une liste. Cela a augmenté le nombre de recherches lancées de 30 % sur les wikis que nous avons testés. * L'habillage n'affecte pas négativement les pages visitées, les taux d'édition ou la création de comptes. Il est prouvé que les communautés partenaires ont connu une augmentation du nombre de pages visitées et de comptes créés. '''[Essayez-le]''' Essayez le nouvel habillage, en allant dans l'onglet Apparence de [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|vos préférences]] et en sélectionnant Vector 2022 dans la liste des habillages. === Comment les utilisateurs peuvent-ils modifier et personnaliser cet habillage ? === Il est possible de configurer et personnaliser nos changements. Nous fournissons le support aux volontaires qui créent des nouveaux gadgets et scripts utilisateur. Consultez [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|notre dépôt]] pour la liste des personnalisations actuellement disponibles, ou ajoutez les vôtres. === Notre plan === '''Si aucun problème majeur n'est soulevé, nous prévoyons le déploiement dans le courant de la semaine du 3 octobre 2022.''' Si votre communauté souhaite demander plus de temps pour discuter les changements, cliquez sur le bouton et écrivez-nous. On peut adapter le calendrier. <div style="text-align: center;">[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|<span class="plainlinks mw-ui-button">Demande de temps supplémentaire<br>pour discuter du changement</span>]]</div> Si vous souhaitez demander quoi que ce soit à notre équipe, si vous avez des questions, des remarques ou des idées supplémentaires, notifiez-moi ci-dessous ou écrivez sur la [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|page de discussion du projet]]. Nous serons ravis de vous répondre ! Vous pouvez également consulter notre [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|Foire aux questions]]. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <small>Traduit par --[[User:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Patafisik (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 09:43, 26 Siilto 2022 (UTC)</small> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Résultats préliminaires de l'élection 2022 du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the preliminary results of the 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period| Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the preliminary results of the 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the preliminary results of the 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, Merci à tous ceux et toutes celles qui ont participé à l'[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|élection 2022 du conseil d'administration]]. Votre participation aide à choisir les administrateurs que la communauté recherche au sein du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation. Voici les résultats préliminaires de l'élection 2022 du conseil d'administration : * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates/Shani_Evenstein_Sigalov|Shani Evenstein Sigalov]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates/Mike Peel|Mike Peel]] Plus d'informations sur les [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Results|résultats]] et les [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Stats|statistiques]] de cette élection du Conseil d'administration. Le conseil achèvera l'examen des 2 candidats ayant reçu le plus de votes, y compris la vérification des antécédents. Le conseil prévoit de nommer les nouveaux administrateurs lors de sa réunion de décembre. Bien à vous, Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement ''Ce message a été envoyé au nom du groupe de travail pour la sélection des membres du conseil d'administration et du comité des élections''.<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 07:33, 22 Siilto 2022 (UTC)  <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23708250 --> == Update on Vector 2022 == [[File:Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|thumb]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello. I'm sorry for not communicating in your language. I'll be grateful if you translated my message. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Web team]] working on the new skin, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]]. We wanted to apologize for the delays in the deployment of Vector 2022. We know many of you are waiting for this eagerly. We have been delaying the deployment because we have been working on the logos. It has taken us more time than originally expected. Once the logos are ready, we will let you know the exact date of deployment. '''We are planning for either the next (more likely) or the following week'''. If your wiki doesn't currently have a localized logo, we encourage you to [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|reach out to us]] and we can help make one. We invite you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#contact|get involved in the project]]. Contact us if you have any questions or need any help, particularly with the compatibility of gadgets and user scripts. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 23:24, 19 Yarkomaa 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23955535 --> == Invitation to attend “Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter” Sessions == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Hello all, During the 2022 Wikimedia Summit, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC) presented the first outline of the Movement Charter, giving a glimpse on the direction of its future work, and the Charter itself. The MCDC then integrated the initial feedback collected during the Summit. Before proceeding with writing the Charter for the whole Movement, the MCDC wants to interact with community members and gather feedback on the drafts of the three sections: Preamble, Values & Principles, and Roles & Responsibilities (intentions statement). The Movement Charter drafts will be available on the Meta page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content|here]] on November 14, 2022. Community wide consultation period on MC will take place from November 20 to December 18, 2022. Learn more about it [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|here]]. With the goal of ensuring that people are well informed to fully participate in the conversations and are empowered to contribute their perspective on the Movement Charter, three '''“Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter"''' sessions have been scheduled in different time zones. Everyone in the Wikimedia Movement is invited to attend these conversations. The aim is to learn about Movement Charter - its goal, purpose, why it matters, and how it impacts your community. MCDC members will attend these sessions to answer your questions and hear community feedback. The “Ask Me Anything” sessions accommodate communities from different time zones. Only the presentation of the session is recorded and shared afterwards, no recording of conversations. Below is the list of planned events: *<s>'''Asia/Pacific''': November 4, 2022 at 09:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1667552400 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Chinese and Japanese.</s> * '''Europe/MENA/Sub Saharan Africa''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Arabic, French and Russian. * '''North and South America/ Western Europe''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Spanish and Portuguese. On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|Meta page]] you will find more details; Zoom links will be shared 48 hours ahead of the call. '''Call for Movement Charter Ambassadors''' Individuals or groups from all communities who wish to help include and start conversations in their communities on the Movement Charter are encouraged to become [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|Movement Charter Ambassadors]] (MC Ambassadors). MC Ambassadors will carry out their own activities and get financial support for enabling conversations in their own languages. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Team|Regional facilitators]] from the Movement Strategy and Governance team are available to support applicants with MC Ambassadors grantmaking. If you are interested please sign up [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|here]]. Should you have specific questions, please reach out to the MSG team via email: strategy2030@wikimedia.org or on the MS forum. We thank you for your time and participation. On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 15:33, 7 Jolal 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23914777 --> == Apply for Funding through the Movement Strategy Community Engagement Package to Support Your Community == :''{{More languages}}'' <section begin="announcement-content" /> The Wikimedia Movement Strategy implementation is a collaborative effort for all Wikimedians. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation Grants]] support projects that take the current state of a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy Initiative]] and push it one step forward. If you are looking for an example or some guide on how to engage your community further on Movement Strategy and the Movement Strategy Implementation Grants specifically, you may find this '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/Community Engagement Package|community engagement package]]''' helpful. The goal of this community engagement package is to support more people to access the funding they might need for the implementation work. By becoming a recipient of this grant, you will be able to support other community members to develop further grant applications that fit with your local contexts to benefit your own communities. With this package, the hope is to break down language barriers and to ensure community members have needed information on Movement Strategy to connect with each other. Movement Strategy is a two-way exchange, we can always learn more from the experiences and knowledge of Wikimedians everywhere. We can train and support our peers by using this package, so more people can make use of this great funding opportunity. If this information interests you or if you have any further thoughts or questions, please do not hesitate to reach out to us as your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Team|regional facilitators]] to discuss further. We will be more than happy to support you. When you are ready, follow the steps on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About |this page]] to apply. We look forward to receiving your application. Best regards, <br> Movement Strategy and Governance Team <br> Wikimedia Foundation<section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 16:25, 14 Jolal 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23914777 --> == Opportunities open for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee == <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div style="margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;"> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']] ''<span class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</span>'' </div> Hi everyone! The Ombuds commission (OC) and the Case Review Committee (CRC) are looking for members. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to do so. There is more information below about the opportunity and the skills that are needed. '''About the Ombuds commission''' The Ombuds commission (OC) works on all Wikimedia projects to investigate complaints about violations of the privacy policy, especially in use of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CheckUser policy|CheckUser]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|Oversight]] (also known as Suppression) tools. The Commission mediates between the parties of the investigation and, when violations of the policies are identified, advises the Wikimedia Foundation on best handling. They may also assist the General Counsel, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Board of Trustees of the Foundation in these investigations when legally necessary. For more on the OC's duties and roles, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|see Ombuds commission on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Volunteers serving in this role should be experienced Wikimedians, active on any project, who have previously used the CheckUser/Oversight tools OR who have the technical ability to understand these tools and the willingness to learn them. They must be able to communicate in English, the common language of the commission. They are expected to be able to engage neutrally in investigating these concerns and to know when to recuse when other roles and relationships may cause conflict. Commissioners will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year). '''About the Case Review Committee''' The Case Review Committee (CRC) reviews appeals of eligible Trust & Safety office actions. The CRC is a critical layer of oversight to ensure that Wikimedia Foundation office actions are fair and unbiased. They also make sure the Wikimedia Foundation doesn’t overstep established practices or boundaries. For more about the role, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Case Review Committee|see Case Review Committee on Meta-Wiki]]'''. We are looking for current or former functionaries and experienced volunteers with an interest in joining this group. Applicants must be fluent in English (additional languages are a strong plus) and willing to abide by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee/Charter|terms of the Committee charter]]. If the work resonates and you qualify, please apply. Committee members will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year). '''Applying to join either of these groups''' Members are required to sign the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information|Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information]] and must be willing to comply with the appropriate Wikimedia Foundation board policies (such as the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Access to nonpublic information policy|access to non-public information policy]] and the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Privacy policy|Foundation privacy policy]]). These positions requires a high degree of discretion and trust. Members must also be over 18 years of age. '''If you are interested in serving in either capacity listed above,''' please write in English to the Trust and Safety team at ca[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the OC) or to the Legal Team at legal[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the CRC) with information about: * Your primary projects * Languages you speak/write * Any experience you have serving on committees, whether movement or non-movement * Your thoughts on what you could bring to the OC or CRC if appointed * Any experience you have with the Checkuser or Oversight tools (OC only) * Any other information you think is relevant '''The deadline for applications is 31 December 2022 in any timezone.''' Please feel free to pass this invitation along to any users who you think may be qualified and interested. Thank you! On behalf of the Committee Support team,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23914777 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2023 opens in January! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:Please-translate}}'' {{int:Hello}} The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023|'''Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) 2023''']], which lets contributors propose and vote for tools and improvements, starts next month on Monday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496831 23 January 2023, at 18:00 UTC] and will continue annually. We are inviting you to share your ideas for technical improvements to our tools and platforms. Long experience in editing or technical skills is not required. If you have ever used our software and thought of an idea to improve it, this is the place to come share those ideas! The dates for the phases of the Survey will be as follows: * Phase 1: Submit, discuss, and revise proposals – Monday, Jan 23, 2023 to Sunday, Feb 6, 2023 * Phase 2: WMF/Community Tech reviews and organizes proposals – Monday, Jan 30, 2023 to Friday, Feb 10, 2023 * Phase 3: Vote on proposals – Friday, Feb 10, 2023 to Friday, Feb 24, 2023 * Phase 4: Results posted – Tuesday, Feb 28, 2023 If you want to start writing out your ideas ahead of the Survey, you can start thinking about your proposals and draft them in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. We are grateful to all who participated last year. See you in January 2023! </div> {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]</bdi> 12:59, 13 Bowte 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:STei_(WMF)/CWS_2023_List&oldid=24226232 --> == Vote for your favourite Wikimedia sound logo == ''We are really sorry for posting in English'' [[File:Sound_Logo_Cover_Image_-_Linkedin.png|center|800x800px]] Voting in the Wikimedia sound logo contest [[c:Sound_Logo_Vote|'''has started''']]. From December 6 to 19, 2022, please play a part and help chose the sound that will identify Wikimedia content on audio devices. [[wmfblog:2022/12/06/vote-for-the-sound-of-all-human-knowledge/|Learn more on Diff]]. The sound logo team is grateful to everyone who participated in this global contest. We received 3,235 submissions from 2,094 participants in 135 countries. We are incredibly grateful to the team of [[wmfblog:2022/10/31/screening-3235-sound-submissions/|volunteer screeners]] and the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Communications/Sound_Logo/Contest_proposal#How_will_the_final_selection_happen? selection committee] who, among others, helped bring us to where we are today. It is now up to Wikimedia to choose the Sound Of All Human Knowledge. Best wishes, [[User:Arupako-WMF|Arupako-WMF]] ([[User talk:Arupako-WMF|yeewtu]]) 09:27, 16 Bowte 2022 (UTC) ==Fulfulde Community Engagement (Awareness) in Gombe State, Nigeria. 23 December 2022== Assalamu Alaikum bandirabe am. Emi yela na on dou hauride Maude de dum wadata ha Gombe ngam dum Famtina Fulbe, Dou no Fulfulde nastirta nder kujeji Wikipedia ngam nyamdu yeeso Fulfulde e Fulbe. [[User:Salihu Aliyu|S Ahmad Fulani ]] ([[User talk:Salihu Aliyu|yeewtu]]) 23:16, 20 Bowte 2022 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore 2023 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a fountain tool or dashboard. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023. Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 10:23, 24 Bowte 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == Dernières mises à jours du projet des Améliorations du bureau == Bonjour, je signale que [[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates/fr|les nouvelles concernant le projet des Améliorations de l'interface du bureau]] sont en ligne. Bonne lecture ! --[[User:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Patafisik (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 18:08, 4 Siilo 2023 (UTC) == Interface bureau : un nouveau changement en vue == [[File:Moving article tools.jpg|thumb]] {{int:Hello}}! '''La prochaine semaine, l'[[mw:mw:Readers/Web/Team|équipe Web]] de la Fondation Wikimédia déplacera certains liens de la barre latérale vers la droite de l'écran.''' Il sera ainsi plus facile d'utiliser de manière intuitive tous les liens et les outils de notre interface. Avec la barre latérale plus courte, le sommaire apparaîtra à son tour un peu plus en haut de l'écran. Ce dernier changement profitera surtout aux contributeurs, car les lecteurs utilisent beaucoup plus rarement le menu de gauche. '''Pourquoi nous changeons cela''' Actuellement, notre interface ne fait pas de distinction entre les liens de navigation du wiki et les outils de la page. « Accueil », « Article au hasard » et « Modifications récentes » font partie du premier groupe. « Pages liées », « Suivi des pages liées », « Citer cette page » appartiennent au deuxième. Ce mélange est déroutant pour les nouveaux lecteurs. Les nouveaux contributeurs ne savent pas ce que fait chaque lien de même. Le mélange de ces groupes démotive les gens qui seraient spontanément disposés à découvrir ces outils. Ce changement répond également à la question de l'emplacement du sommaire. Certains d'entre vous nous avaient indiqué que le sommaire apparaissant sous la barre latérale, était placé trop bas dans la page. Après ce changement, la barre latérale se présentera plus courte et cela permettra d'afficher le sommaire plus en haut sur la page. En outre, ce changement réduira l'espace blanc de la page, en utilisant une plus grande partie de l'espace pour l'affichage des outils. Vous pouvez en savoir plus sur la [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Page tools|fonctionnalité des outils de la page]] et le [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|projet des Améliorations du bureau]] sur MediaWiki.org. '''Compatibilité des gadgets''' Certains gadgets et scripts utilisateur peuvent nécessiter une mise à jour ou devenir redondants ou obsolètes. Nous fournissons une assistance aux utilisateurs qui souhaitent maintenir la compatibilité. Veuillez consulter [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Page tools#Gadget compatibility|cette section de notre documentation]] pour plus d'informations sur la compatibilité des gadgets. '''Travaillons ensemble''' * [[mw:Newsletter:Desktop Improvements updates|Abonnez-vous à notre newsletter]] pour recevoir des mises à jour régulières. * Partagez vos idées et posez des questions sur [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|notre page de discussion]]. * Créez une tâche sur Phabricator en y ajoutant la balise <code>Desktop Improvements (Vector 2022)</code> ou [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|écrivez-nous]] si vous remarquez un bogue. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Participate|Traduisez la documentation]] sur MediaWiki.org. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}--[[User:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Patafisik (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 11:50, 3 Colte 2023 (UTC) == Global ban for PlanespotterA320/RespectCE == Per the [[m:Global bans|Global bans]] policy, I'm informing the project of this request for comment: [[m:Requests for comment/Global ban for PlanespotterA320 (2) ]] about banning a member from your community. Thank you.--[[User:Lemonaka|Lemonaka]] ([[User talk:Lemonaka|talk]]) 21:40, 6 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Zabe@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lemonaka/Massmessagelist&oldid=24501599 --> == Comment faire apparaître le bouton des langues en haut de la page d'accueil ? == [[File:DIP Language Switching in Main Page - mockup for French Wikipedia.png|thumb|Maquette pour frwiki]] Bonjour, avec l'habillage Vector 2022 par défaut, le [[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Language_switching/fr|liens interlangues]] se trouvent tout en bas de la page d'accueil, voir [[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Frequently_asked_questions/fr#Why_doesn't_the_button_with_language_links_appear_at_the_top_of_the_main_page?|pourquoi]]. Si vous voulez les langues en haut, votre communauté est invitée à en discuter avant, pour trouver un accord sur le changement à apporter : voir [[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Frequently_asked_questions/fr#How_to_make_the_button_with_language_links_appear_at_the_top_of_the_main_page?|comment les faire apparaître en haut]] en ayant un « titre » en page d'accueil, avec ou sans texte, au choix. Je copie ci-dessous un passage de la FAQ qui pourrait vous intéresser, avec quelques ajouts : * Le « titre » s'affichera sur Vector 2010, Minerva, Timeless et Vector 2022. Ne sera pas visible sur Monobook. * Le « titre » peut être configuré en modifiant [[:mw:MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin|MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin]] pour les utilisateurs connectés et [[:mw:MediaWiki:Mainpage-title|MediaWiki:Mainpage-title]] pour les utilisateurs non connectés. Pour les utilisateurs connectés sur mobile, il faudra modifier [[:mw:MediaWiki:wikimedia-mobile-mainpage-title-loggedin|MediaWiki:wikimedia-mobile-mainpage-title-loggedin]]. Voir les détails qui concernent les paramètres de la page d'accueil. * Testez à quoi ressemble la page d'accueil et comment elle fonctionne avec le bouton en haut de la page, en ajoutant le paramètre <code>?vectorlanguageinmainpageheader=1</code> à la fin de l'URL. La [https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azala page d'accueil de la Wikipédia en basque] affiche une phrase de bienvenue dans le titre. C'est [[phab:T325362|le choix de la Wikipédia en français]] aussi, qui attend ce changement. Vous pouvez également voir l'[https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fors%C3%AD%C3%B0a?vectorlanguageinmainpageheader=1 exemple de la Wikipédia en islandais], qui n'a pas de « titre » configuré, donc seul le bouton apparaît. * Notifiez-moi ([[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Frequently_asked_questions#How_can_I_contact_your_team?|ou contactez l'équipe Web]]) pour demander le déplacement du bouton des langues vers le haut. L'Équipe Web demandera la modification des paramètres de votre wiki. Si vous préférez, vous pouvez ouvrir directement une tâche sur Phabricator. Dans le cas votre choix se porte sur le message de bienvenue, il suffit d'ajouter votre demande avec le lien de la discussion dans le ticket [[phab:T325362|T325362]]. Une fois le changement effectué, le bouton sera visible en haut de la page avec Vector 2022. Avec d'autres habillages, la liste des liens des langues s'affichera à l'emplacement par défaut, qui est différent pour chaque habillage. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}--[[User:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Patafisik (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 18:02, 21 Colte 2023 (UTC) == Editing news 2023 #1 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</i> This newsletter includes two key updates about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]] team's work: # The Editing team will finish adding new features to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]] and deploy it. # They are beginning a new project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]]. <strong>Talk pages project</strong> [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Screenshot showing the talk page design changes that are currently available as beta features at all Wikimedia wikis. These features include information about the number of people and comments within each discussion.|thumb|300px|Some of the upcoming changes]] The Editing team is nearly finished with this first phase of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|Talk pages project]]. Nearly all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|new features]] are available now in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. It will show information about how active a discussion is, such as the date of the most recent comment. There will soon be a new "{{int:skin-action-addsection}}" button. You will be able to turn them off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|tell them what you think]]. [[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Daily edit completion rate by test group: DiscussionTools (test group) and MobileFrontend overlay (control group)]] An A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} on the mobile site]] has finished. Editors were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|more successful with {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. The Editing team is enabling these features for all editors on the mobile site. <strong>New Project: Edit Check</strong> The Editing team is beginning [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|a project to help new editors of Wikipedia]]. It will help people identify some problems before they click "{{int:publishchanges}}". The first tool will encourage people to add references when they add new content. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|watch]] that page for more information. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|join a conference call on 3&nbsp;March&nbsp;2023]] to learn more.<section end="message"/> </div> –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:24, 22 Colte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=24611966 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-03-01T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-03-01T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-03-01|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 21:20, 27 Colte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge "'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! </div> [[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimania 2023 Welcoming Program Submissions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="wikimania-program-submissions"/>[[File:Wikimania Singapore Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Do you want to host an in-person or virtual session at Wikimania 2023? Maybe a hands-on workshop, a lively discussion, a fun performance, a catchy poster, or a memorable lightning talk? [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Submissions are open until March 28''']]. The event will have dedicated hybrid blocks, so virtual submissions and pre-recorded content are also welcome. If you have any questions, please join us at an upcoming conversation on March 12 or 19, or reach out by email at wikimania@wikimedia.org or on Telegram. More information on-wiki.<section end="wikimania-program-submissions"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == Dernières mises à jours du projet des Améliorations du bureau (mars 2023) == Bonjour, [[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates/fr#Dernières_mises_à_jour|les dernières actualités]] du projet des Améliorations de l'interface du bureau sont en ligne, vous pouvez désormais les lire en français. Cordialement,--[[User:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Patafisik (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 09:04, 23 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) == Vector 2022 : un changement pour les utilisateurs non connectés == [[File:Moving article tools.jpg|thumb]] [[File:DI Project - screenshot of Page tools - frwiki 02.jpg|thumb|Les Outils quand le menu est fermé (cercle rouge)]] Bonjour à toutes et tous, La dernière semaine nous avons introduit le [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|menu des Outils de la page]] pour les utilisateurs non connectés. Pour les utilisateurs connectés, il est disponible depuis janvier 2023. Le menu permet de séparer les outils qui concernent le wiki en général des outils liés à une page spécifique. Dans le premier groupe on trouve, par exemple, « Accueil » et « Page au hasard ». Dans le deuxième groupe il y a, par exemple, « Pages liées » et « Suivi des pages liées ». Le nouveau menu rassemble les outils spécifiques à la page dans une seule liste. Avant, certains de ces liens étaient soit dans le menu principale (la barre latérale) soit dans le [[:m:MoreMenu|More Menu]] (à côté de l'Historique). Notre objectif est de permettre aux nouveaux lecteurs et rédacteurs de comprendre plus facilement la fonction de ces liens. Le menu peut également être épinglé et désépinglé selon les nécessités des utilisateurs. Il est figé aussi, c'est à dire qu'il reste en place quand on fait défiler la page vers le bas. En outre, pour les utilisateurs connectés, le menu est persistant. Cela signifie qu'ils voient le menu dans l'état qu'ils ont choisi, épinglé ou pas, même en actualisant la page ou en ouvrant une nouvelle. Cependant, pour les utilisateurs non connectés il n'est pas persistant. Nous espérons ajouter cette fonctionnalité à l'avenir. Avantage supplémentaire amené par ce changement, le sommaire s'affiche plus en haut sur la page. Aujourd'hui, il faut faire défiler vers le bas plus rarement pour voir le sommaire. C'était l'une des préoccupations que nous avons entendues ces derniers jours et nous espérons que cela y répondra. ; Travaillons ensemble * [[mw:Newsletter:Desktop_Improvements_updates|Abonnez-vous à notre newsletter]] pour recevoir des mises à jour régulières. * Partagez vos idées et posez des questions sur [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|notre page de discussion]]. * Créez une tâche sur Phabricator et ajoutez une balise <code>Desktop Improvements (Vector 2022)</code> ou [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|écrivez-nous]] si vous remarquez un bogue. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Participate|Traduisez la documentation]] sur MediaWiki.org. Merci ! [[User:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Patafisik (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 12:58, 30 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-04-26T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-04-26T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-04-26|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 21 Seeɗto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24748237 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello, As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are: * Community members in good standing * Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects * Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type * Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023 * Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations * Confidently able to communicate in English The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff. The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Best regards,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 19:00, 26 Seeɗto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24941045 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">An A/B test coming soon. Visual separation (Zebra #9) between regions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="body"/> [[File:Vector_2022_Zebra9_prototype_with_framed_menus_logged-in.png|thumb|]] ''{{Int:Please-translate}}'' {{int:Hello}} ! In a few weeks, the Web Team will be performing an A/B test. This test will start within two weeks and will take two full weeks. It will be performed on Wikipedias in: English, Farsi, French, Hebrew, Korean, Portuguese, Serbian, Thai, Turkish, and Vietnamese. Half of logged-in desktop users will see a version that shows the regions of the page separated more clearly. This version will include more borders and gray backgrounds. After two weeks, everyone will see the current white interface again. We will analyze the usage data for both and make a decision on next steps in July. More information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates/2023-05_Zebra9_A/B_test|this page]]. Please give us a feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|talk page]] of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements project]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="body"/> </div> [[m:User:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Patafisik (WMF)|talk]]) 16:52, 8 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Patafisik (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Patafisik_(WMF)/Sandbox/MM/fallback_chain_fr&oldid=24997656 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Selection of the U4C Building Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], 04:20, 27 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == MinT Machine Translation enabled and plans to deploy Content and Section Translation Fulah Wikipedia == <nowiki>{{int:Hello}}</nowiki> Fulah Wikipedians! Apologies as this message is not in your language, <nowiki>{{int:Please help translate}}</nowiki> to your language. The WMF Language team has added a machine translation (MT) system supporting [https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation<nowiki> Content Translation] for the first time in your Wikipedia called MinT; you can use </nowiki>[[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/MinT|MinT machine translation]] when translating Wikipedia articles using the Content Translation tool. The WMF Language team provides the MinT service. It is hosted in the Wikimedia Foundation Infrastructure with [[:en:Neural_machine_translation|neural machine translation]] models that other organizations have released with an open-source license. MinT integrates translation based on [https://ai.facebook.com/research/no-language-left-behind/ NLLB-200] and [https://opus.nlpl.eu/ OpusMT] and will replace those as separate options. This MT will be set as default in your Wikipedia. Still, you can choose not to use it by selecting "Start with empty paragraph" from the "Initial Translation" dropdown menu. Since MinT is hosted in the WMF Infrastructure and the models are open source, it adheres to Wikipedia's policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user and brand representation. You can find more information about the MinT Machine translation and the models on [[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/MinT|this page]]. Please note that the use of the MinT MT is not compulsory. However, we would want your community to: * use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service * [[mw:Talk:Content_translation|please provide feedback]] about the service and its quality, and ask questions about this addition. '''Plans to deploy the Content and Section translation tool''' Now that you have Machine Translation support in your Wikipedia, We will enable the Content and Section translation by default to your Wikipedia if there are no objections from your community. The [[mw:Content_translation/Section_translation|Section Translation]] extends the capabilities of [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] to support mobile devices. On mobile, the tool will: * Guide you to translate one section at a time in order to expand existing articles or create new ones * Make it easy to transfer knowledge across languages anytime from your mobile device After enabling it, we’ll monitor the content created with the tools and process all the feedback. In any case, feel free to try the current implementation of the Section Translation tool in [https://test.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&from=en&to=no&sx=true#/ our testing instance] and raise any concerns or questions you may already have as a reply to this message or on [[mw:Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation|the project talk page]]   We trust that introducing this MT is a good support to the Content and Section Translation tool once it is enabled. Thank you! [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 16:22, 31 Duujal 2023 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team. :Thank you so much for your work. We appreciate the effort and will welcome the Section Translation Tool as it's a welcome development. Thank you. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 13:06, 30 Juko 2023 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Announcing the new Elections Committee members</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello there, We are glad to announce [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|the new members and advisors of the Elections Committee]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] assists with the design and implementation of the process to select Community- and Affiliate-Selected trustees for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. After an open nomination process, the strongest candidates spoke with the Board and four candidates were asked to join the Elections Committee. Four other candidates were asked to participate as advisors. Thank you to all the community members who submitted their names for consideration. We look forward to working with the Elections Committee in the near future. On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:59, 28 Korse 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward. Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]]. Best,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, 15:35, 28 Juko 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25392152 --> :Hello @[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], Thank you so much for sharing this information with us. We are glad to review and share our thoughts on it. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 13:02, 30 Juko 2023 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-09-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-09-20T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-09-20|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]]) 09:23, 15 Siilto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25018086 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">== Opportunities open for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission, and the Case Review Committee ==</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div style="margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;"> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']] ''<span class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</span>''</div> Hi everyone! The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission]] (OC), and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee|Case Review Committee]] (CRC) are looking for new members. These volunteer groups provide important structural and oversight support for the community and movement. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to apply. There is more information about the roles of the groups, the skills needed, and the opportunity to apply on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''Meta-wiki page''']]. On behalf of the Committee Support team,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:41, 9 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review and comment on the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Dear all, Please review and comment on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package from now until 29 October 2023. The selection rules package was based on older versions by the Elections Committee and will be used in the 2024 Board of Trustees selection. Providing your comments now will help them provide a smoother, better Board selection process. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|More on the Meta-wiki page]]. Best, Katie Chan <br> Chair of the Elections Committee<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 01:12, 17 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Coming soon: Reference Previews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> [[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]] A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years. Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget. Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. * Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. -- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team, <section end="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> </div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 13:11, 15 Jolal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="Body"/>Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland <section end="Body"/> </div> [[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] 12:31, 13 Bowte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25955829 --> == Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.'' Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.<br> ''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.'' The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time. For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.<br>We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WD4WMP/ScreenerInvite&oldid=26027495 --> == Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? == ''Apologies for writing in English.'' The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references. * The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here]. * Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch. * [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]]. * Sessions will be held in January and February. * [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.] * Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment. We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25956752 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2024 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 07:26, 18 Siilo 2024 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' -- [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 07:26, 18 Siilo 2024 (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to announce that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) Charter is now open. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]] now through '''2 February 2024'''. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C Charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:08, 19 Siilo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Last days to vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to remind you that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) charter will close on '''2 February 2024'''. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]]. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:00, 31 Siilo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the results of the UCoC Coordinating Committee Charter ratification vote</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, Thank you everyone for following the progress of the Universal Code of Conduct. I am writing to you today to announce the outcome of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|ratification vote]] on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter]]. 1746 contributors voted in this ratification vote with 1249 voters supporting the Charter and 420 voters not. The ratification vote process allowed for voters to provide comments about the Charter. A report of voting statistics and a summary of voter comments will be published on Meta-wiki in the coming weeks. Please look forward to hearing about the next steps soon. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:23, 12 Colte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26160150 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26166467 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Report of the U4C Charter ratification and U4C Call for Candidates now available</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am writing to you today with two important pieces of information. First, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] is now available. Secondly, the call for candidates for the U4C is open now through April 1, 2024. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members are invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Per the charter, there are 16 seats on the U4C: eight community-at-large seats and eight regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:25, 5 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26276337 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2024 Selection</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> : ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' : ''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Dear all, This year, the term of 4 (four) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Elections Committee]] will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Board Governance Committee created a Board Selection Working Group from Trustees who cannot be candidates in the 2024 community- and affiliate-selected trustee selection process composed of Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins, and Shani Evenstein Sigalov [3]. The group is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2024 trustee selection process, and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 2024: Call for candidates and call for questions * June 2024: Affiliates vote to shortlist 12 candidates (no shortlisting if 15 or less candidates apply) [5] * June-August 2024: Campaign period * End of August / beginning of September 2024: Two-week community voting period * October–November 2024: Background check of selected candidates * Board's Meeting in December 2024: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2024 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|this Meta-wiki page]], and make your plan. '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2024 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|Meta-wiki page]]. Best regards, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Governance Committee Chair, Board Selection Working Group) [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] Even though the ideal number is 12 candidates for 4 open seats, the shortlisting process will be triggered if there are more than 15 candidates because the 1-3 candidates that are removed might feel ostracized and it would be a lot of work for affiliates to carry out the shortlisting process to only eliminate 1-3 candidates from the candidate list.<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]19:57, 12 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26349432 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-03-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-03-20T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-03-20|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]], 00:00, 15 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25636619 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to select members of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 20:20, 25 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/>Hello all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]]. We look forward to your participation! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:22, 14 Duujal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Feedback invited on Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' [[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]] Dear community members, The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language. On behalf of the CAC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:25, 22 Duujal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the first Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote results. We are following up with the results of the first [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) election]]. We are pleased to announce the following individuals as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a two-year term: * North America (USA and Canada) ** – * Northern and Western Europe ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]] * Latin America and Caribbean ** – * Central and East Europe (CEE) ** — * Sub-Saharan Africa ** – * Middle East and North Africa ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]] * East, South East Asia and Pacific (ESEAP) ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]] * South Asia ** – The following individuals are elected to be community-at-large members of the U4C, fulfilling a one-year term: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]] * – * – * – * – Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. Follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:14, 3 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The final text of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now on Meta</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hi everyone, The final text of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] is now up on Meta in more than 20 languages for your reading. '''What is the Wikimedia Movement Charter?''' The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a proposed document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance. '''Join the Wikimedia Movement Charter “Launch Party”''' Join the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|“Launch Party”]] on '''June 20, 2024''' at '''14.00-15.00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 your local time]). During this call, we will celebrate the release of the final Charter and present the content of the Charter. Join and learn about the Charter before casting your vote. '''Movement Charter ratification vote''' Voting will commence on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC.''' You can read more about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voting process, eligibility criteria, and other details]] on Meta. If you have any questions, please leave a comment on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]] or email the MCDC at [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org]. On behalf of the MCDC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:44, 11 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == Plans to enable MinT for Wiki readers in Fula Wikipedia == {{int:Hello}} Fula Wikipedians! Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:please-translate}}. The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] has been working on [[mw:MinT#MinT_for_wiki_readers|MinT for Wiki Readers]]. This feature will allow communities to access more content that is only available in other languages with machine translation in Wikipedia. We will be enabling the initial version of this feature first in Igbo Wikipedia, and your Wikipedia is the next to test and have this feature since it will be beneficial for reading content in other languages. For this, our team would like you to read about the feature and [[:ff:Special:AutomaticTranslation|'''test it''']] so you can: * Ask us questions * Tell us how to improve the feature * Give us your feedback on enabling it in your Wikipedia '''About the feature''' The MinT for Wiki Readers is a feature that will allow readers of Fula Wikipedia to expand their reading options and knowledge beyond the language they are familiar with in Wikipedia. For instance, if someone is interested in a topic or content that only exists in the Japanese language and the person is not familiar with the language. While using the mobile web version of Wikipedia, the reader can access the machine translation version of that content in the Fula language from the language selector or the article's footer (as shown in the media files below). [[File:MinT MVP Language Selector entry point video.webm|Language selector entry point]], [[File:MinT_MVP_Article_footer_entry_point.png|Article footer entry point|align=center|300px|whitebg=no|noborder=yes]] These machine-generated translations of content are clearly identified as such, and the human-created content is surfaced and recommended if available. This feature is in its initial development. It is an early and functional version, and many aspects will be improved based on your community member's feedback on what works and what can be improved to better support your needs as readers. '''How to try the tool''' Before we enable this feature in your Wikipedia by the 26th June 2024, we invite members of your community to try MinT for Wiki Readers in your Wikipedia at [[:ff:Special:AutomaticTranslation|Special:AutomaticTranslation]] and give us early feedback in this thread or on [[mw:Talk:MinT#Feedback_from_Wikipedians_about_MinT_for_Wiki_Readers|this talk page]]. Our team would like to know your impression on: * How do you use the feature * Anything we should consider for our plans to enable it? * Your ideas for improving it. We greatly appreciate your time and effort in testing this tool. We eagerly look forward to your valuable feedback and questions, which will be instrumental in the further development of this feature. Thank you. On behalf of the WMF Language team. [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 21:34, 13 Korse 2024 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now open – cast your vote</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, The voting to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Wikimedia Movement Charter''']] is now open. The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance. The final version of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|available on Meta in different languages]] and attached [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Movement_Charter_(June_2024).pdf here in PDF format] for your reading. Voting commenced on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC'''. Please read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voter information and eligibility details]]. After reading the Charter, please [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''vote here''']] and share this note further. If you have any questions about the ratification vote, please contact the Charter Electoral Commission at [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org''']. On behalf of the CEC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:51, 25 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is ending soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, This is a kind reminder that the voting period to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] will be closed on '''July 9, 2024''', at '''23:59 UTC'''. If you have not voted yet, please vote [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|on SecurePoll]]. On behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]],<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:45, 8 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024. The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]]. In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]]. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:02, 10 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimedia Movement Charter ratification voting results</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, After carefully tallying both individual and affiliate votes, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]] is pleased to announce the final results of the Wikimedia Movement Charter voting.   As [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|communicated]] by the Charter Electoral Commission, we reached the quorum for both Affiliate and individual votes by the time the vote closed on '''July 9, 23:59 UTC'''. We thank all 2,451 individuals and 129 Affiliate representatives who voted in the ratification process. Your votes and comments are invaluable for the future steps in Movement Strategy. The final results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ratification voting held between 25 June and 9 July 2024 are as follows: '''Individual vote:''' Out of 2,451 individuals who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 2,446 have been accepted as valid votes. Among these, '''1,710''' voted “yes”; '''623''' voted “no”; and '''113''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 73.30% voted to approve the Charter (1710/2333), while 26.70% voted to reject the Charter (623/2333). '''Affiliates vote:''' Out of 129 Affiliates designated voters who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 129 votes are confirmed as valid votes. Among these, '''93''' voted “yes”; '''18''' voted “no”; and '''18''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 83.78% voted to approve the Charter (93/111), while 16.22% voted to reject the Charter (18/111). '''Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation:''' The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees voted '''not to ratify''' the proposed Charter during their special Board meeting on July 8, 2024. The Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|shared the result of the vote, the resolution, meeting minutes and proposed next steps]].   With this, the Wikimedia Movement Charter in its current revision is '''not ratified'''. We thank you for your participation in this important moment in our movement’s governance. The Charter Electoral Commission, [[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 17:52, 18 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == Request for feedback on machine translation support variable provided by Google Translate for your Wikipedia == {{int:Hello}} Fulani Wikipedians! Apologies, as this message is not in your language, {{int:Please-translate}}. Google Translate just introduced machine translation support in Fulani language. However, the language has several variant of translations with different codes, so it is unclear if the variant supported by Google could be useful for your community. Therefore, the WMF Language and Product Localisation team wants to know from members of the Fulani Wikipedia community if this variant is helpful for your translation work. For this, my team would like you to: * [https://translate.google.com/?sl=auto&tl=ff Try the machine translation support] at  https://translate.google.com/. You can paste multiple pieces of content from different Wikipedia articles and check whether the provided result is the correct variant for your language. * Provide us with specific feedback on the machine translation quality. Let us know if the translations are accurate, maintain the original meaning, are grammatically correct, and if the variant is suitable for your Wikipedia. '''Our plans to enable the machine translation support''' If the machine translation is the correct variant, and there are no objections to having translation support. We will deploy it once the support is available in the external APIs. We look forward to your feedback in this thread, as we need to be sure we will be providing a helpful support service for your translation work. Thank you! [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 03:58, 25 Morso 2024 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localisation team. == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:46, 27 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now. '''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:29, 6 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]]. '''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand. Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC == Hi all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation! [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 23:19, 22 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]]. I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026: * North America (USA and Canada) ** Ajraddatz The following seats were not filled during this special election: * Latin America and Caribbean * Central and East Europe (CEE) * Sub-Saharan Africa * South Asia * The four remaining Community-At-Large seats Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]]. On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:05, 2 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board. Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]]. When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 12:14, 3 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:37, 20 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27248326 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Introducing automated bots</span> == Dear Fulfulde Wikipedia Community, We're seeking your input on introducing automated bots to enhance content management and article quality. These bots will assist with tasks like article assessment and content correction. Join the discussion to ensure transparency and collective decision-making. Your feedback is vital for successful implementation. Thank you.[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 19:33, 21 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :Introducing bot will help us to get what we are capable to, I believe if got it out we will be enable to perform a lot of editing and publishing at the same time. [[User:Adam644|Adam644]] ([[User talk:Adam644|yeewtu]]) 19:49, 21 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :{{Support}}<nowiki> I believe this bot will offer significantly improve content , management and user friendly interface inorder to boost the activities on the page like wise article quality. This automation tasks will reduce the tremendous workload and also may enhance the accuracy. I am Looking forward to its implementation. ~~~~</nowiki> [[User:MOIBARDE|MOIBARDE]] ([[User talk:MOIBARDE|yeewtu]]) 20:08, 21 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :<nowiki>{{Support}}</nowiki> with this bot I believe that we will feel supported and motivated to contribute,this bot will boost our confidence, retention,and content quality.[[User:Sa&#39;eedert|Sa&#39;eedert]] ([[User talk:Sa&#39;eedert|yeewtu]]) 20:14, 21 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :{{Support}} The establishment of the bot will surely diminish the gravity of our workload and also help in managing, organizing, collection and processing of some activities effectively. [[User:Apdoull|Apdoull]] ([[User talk:Apdoull|yeewtu]]) 21:52, 21 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :{{Support}}I believe this bot will significantly improve content management and and article quality.its automated task will reduce workload and enhance accuracy.looking forward to its implementation[[User:Zahraswaty|Zahraswaty]] ([[User talk:Zahraswaty|yeewtu]]) 17:07, 22 Siilto 2024 (UTC) ::{{Support}}<nowiki> I do believe and hope that the bot will improve the editing content management and article quality. Its may also enhance accuracy. Looking forward to to the this new automation and its implementation. ~~~~</nowiki> [[User:Ilya Discuss|Ilya Discuss]] ([[User talk:Ilya Discuss|yeewtu]]) 16:15, 23 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :Hello @[[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]], :I hope this message finds you well. I kindly request the unblocking of [[User:Tanvirsdqbot|Tanvirsdqbot]] and [[User:Tanvirsdq|Tanvirsdq]]. The community, including myself, previously asked Tanvir to operate the bot for ffwiki, and while it encountered some issues, neither the bot owner nor we realized a bot flag was necessary. Unblocking them would allow Tanvir to collaborate effectively with ffwiki and enhance our work processes. Thank you for considering this request. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 17:50, 28 Siilto 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] I have stopped the bot due to a disfunktion.The missing botflag was not the reason. [[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]] ([[User talk:WikiBayer|yeewtu]]) 18:01, 28 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :::@[[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]], Thank you for the clarification regarding the bot's status. I understand that the disfunction was the primary issue. Could you provide more details on the specific problems encountered? This information would help us address any technical issues and ensure smoother operation in the future. We appreciate your support and hope to resolve this matter promptly so that [[User:Tanvirsdq|Tanvirsdq ]] can assist with ffwiki effectively. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 05:58, 29 Siilto 2024 (UTC) ::::I have alread do this. on [[:en:User talk:TanvirSdq]] [[:en:Special:Diff/1248239350|Diff1]], [[:en:Special:Diff/1248239064|Diff2]] [[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]] ([[User talk:WikiBayer|yeewtu]]) 07:22, 29 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :::::@[[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]], Okay, thank you for your help. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 07:42, 29 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :Hello everyone, thanks for your interest in automating your wiki's tasks. I'm Tanvir, I'll be more than happy to help you with my knowledge and expertise; I'll be helping you with your technical tasks as a part of "Project Koushal", a project aimed at providing technical support to wikimedia communities . :Thanks @[[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]] for understanding the situation and lifting the block. I acknowledge my mistake and will be more careful before deploying any code. Am I set now to run a bot in ffwiki? I probably need a botflag, how do I check if I got that? :I have received a semi formal request from ffwiki to help them with bots. @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] is helping me to prepare a welcome bot for ffwiki. Since the bot sent repetitive messages already, I'll test it in a controlled environment with extreme care. Once the welcome bot is up and running, I'll start on other bot requests of you, if you have any. Thanks again and nice to collaborate with ffwiki, we hope to go far together.[[User:TanvirSdq|TanvirSdq]] ([[User talk:TanvirSdq|yeewtu]]) 16:15, 30 Siilto 2024 (UTC) == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 18:56, 27 Siilto 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey == Dear all, Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community. To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event. Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference! Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success. Warm regards, User:ZI Jony 03:19, 6 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27510935 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted. The following four candidates were the most voted: # [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]] # [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]] # [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]] # [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]] While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]] Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:25, 14 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:07, 16 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27601062 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:28, 22 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success == Dear all, We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community. Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs. * Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey] * Deadline: November 10, 2024 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference! '''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply. * Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here] * Application Deadline: October 31, 2024 Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions] Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success! Warm regards,<br> The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:11, 29 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Fulah Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Fulah Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Fulah Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 20th November 2024. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 02:52, 7 Jolal 2024 (UTC) == Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC == Hello everyone, The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone <https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000>). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024>. This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation. Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 Jolal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Siilo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Siilo 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 02:35, 29 Siilo 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 02:35, 29 Siilo 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Colte 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 08:29, 22 Colte 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == Request for Bot Flag and Bot Permission == Dear Community members, I write to formally request a bot flag and bot permission for [[User:Tanvirsdqbot|Tanvirsdqbot]]. The bot is designed to assist with various tasks on the Fulfulde Wikipedia, primarily starting with sending welcome messages to new users. While over time, the bot’s roles will expand to include tasks such as categorizing pages, correcting minor errors, and other maintenance work to improve the efficiency and quality of the Fulfulde Wikipedia. This will allow editors to focus on more complex contributions. Previously, the bot has been blocked because it lacks a bot flag and permission to operate. A bot flag will allow the bot to perform its tasks without being mistaken for a regular user account, reducing the likelihood of blocks and ensuring smooth operation. I kindly request the community to discuss and approve this request. Your support will ensure that the bot can operate effectively and contribute to the growth and maintenance of the Fulfulde Wikipedia. If there are any concerns or suggestions regarding the bot’s tasks or permissions, [[User:TanvirSdq|TanvirSdq]] will be more than happy to address them. Thank you, [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 07:07, 28 Colte 2025 (UTC) :I believe this bot will offer significantly improved content , management and user friendly interface in order to boost the activities on the page like wise article quality. This automation tasks will reduce the tremendous workload and also may enhance the accuracy. I am Looking forward to its implementation. [[User:Adam644|Adam644]] ([[User talk:Adam644|yeewtu]]) 07:31, 28 Colte 2025 (UTC) :I support Tanvirsdqbot to have a bot flag and bot permission. [[User:Isah Ali Umar|Isah Ali Umar]] ([[User talk:Isah Ali Umar|yeewtu]]) 07:49, 28 Colte 2025 (UTC) :With bot flag I believe that the bot will operate effectively and will support us in various ways. I therefore endorsed it to have a bot flag. [[User:Sa&#39;eedert|Sa&#39;eedert]] ([[User talk:Sa&#39;eedert|yeewtu]]) 08:32, 28 Colte 2025 (UTC) :Introducing bot will help us to get what we are capable of, I believe if we get it out we will be able to perform a lot of clean up tasks. Bot permission is essential to make that happen. I support. [[User:MOIBARDE|MOIBARDE]] ([[User talk:MOIBARDE|yeewtu]]) 15:31, 28 Colte 2025 (UTC) :The establishment of this bot will surely diminish the gravity of our workload and also help in managing, organizing, collection and processing some activities effectively. I therefore support giving it a bot permission [[User:Apdoull|Apdoull]] ([[User talk:Apdoull|yeewtu]]) [[User:Apdoull|Apdoull]] ([[User talk:Apdoull|yeewtu]]) 07:44, 2 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) :Hello sir, [[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]], we would like to request a bot flag and permissions for [[User:Tanvirsdqbot|Tanvirsdqbot]]. The bot has been blocked when tested due to lack of a bot flag, and the community has no objections. It task will begin by sending welcome messages and later help with tasks like categorization and error correction. Please grant the necessary permissions. Thank you! [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 16:19, 3 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] the bot ([[Special:Contributions/TanvirSdqBot]]) is no longer blocked. Please visit [[:meta:SRB#Bot status requests]] to officially post the request for bot permissions for ffwiki, linking this local discussion as consensus. [[User:Johannnes89|Johannnes89]] ([[User talk:Johannnes89|yeewtu]]) 09:56, 5 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you for your help sir, @[[User:Johannnes89|Johannnes89]]. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 10:58, 5 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] I guess this is now taken care of [[User:Adelaideslement8723|Adelaideslement8723]] ([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|yeewtu]]) 13:34, 5 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) :::::Yes, thank you. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 15:00, 5 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:55, 13 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:14, 14 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:40, 29 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|yewtare]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:26, 22 Duujal 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 03:07, 28 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, ''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)'' The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''. This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable. The three main features of this extension are: * '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki. * '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''. * '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions. '''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''"Event Organizer"''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment. The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]]) If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout. Thank you! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|yewtare]]) 16:47, 29 Duujal 2025 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&oldid=28803829 --> == Help needed with translating User Interface message strings == {{Int:hello}} Wikimedians I hope this message finds you well! We have some User Interface message strings that need your help to be translated into Fulah. Right now, they're at 0 percent, and it would be fantastic to get them fully localized. @[[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] and @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]], thank you for all your contributions in this Wikipedia. Maybe you are interested in volunteering to translate the message strings, and anyone else interested in jumping in and lending a hand. Below is the link for the message strings on translatewiki: * https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-contenttranslation-automatic-translation&language=ff&filter=%21translated&action=translate If you haven’t used [https://translatewiki.net/ translatewiki.net] before, no worries! Here’s what you need: * A good grasp of both English and Fulah. * A TranslateWiki account (your wiki account won’t work here, but you can easily create one with your existing Wiki details, so you don’t have to remember anything new). * A willingness to follow some simple instructions! Once you’ve got your account set up, you’ll need to translate a few random messages for the site to authenticate your knowledge of the language. After that, you can dive right into the translations using the links above. Thanks so much for helping! If you have any questions or need help, let me know. [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 06:56, 7 Korse 2025 (UTC) == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:00, 13 Korse 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 17:43, 17 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> Useemen e haande bandiraɓe Fulɓe woɓɓe kawtal e wikimidia ngal Fulfulde215 mii winnditee gamma temngo'o arduungal laamu e nder Fulfulde wikipedia ngal ummatore kowtarɓe ɓe kawtal taa daarungo'o kowngal ngal ndaatal jeytul anndal Fulfulde wikipedia e taa ummatore yimmɓe kowtarɓe ɓe kawtal hurre. [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 06:45, 6 Korse 2024 (UTC) == E mii tiɗina ɓaawngo kowtarku ɗon waaɗateta taa ɓesdungo winndande de Fulfulde wikipedia == gamma hemngo anndal ngal kautal hurre e nder walletooɓe ummatore yimmɓe too les kowtarku ɗon waaɗateta cuuɓul Fulfulde wikipedia [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] ([[User talk:Adamu ab|yeewtu]]) 09:28, 6 Korse 2024 (UTC) == E miitiɗina ɓaawngo kowtarku ɗon waaɗateta taa ɓesdungo winndande de Fulfulde wikipedia == gamma hemngo anndal ngal kautal hurre e nder walletooɓe ummatore yimmɓe too les kowtarku ɗon waaɗateta cuuɓul Fulfulde wikipedia [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] ([[User talk:Adamu ab|yeewtu]]) 09:32, 6 Korse 2024 (UTC) == Emii ɗon nanaa belɗum wallitaaki banɗam pullo gam o laato ballo hooreejo fulfulde wikipedia. == thanks [[User:Mamman AA|Mamman AA]] ([[User talk:Mamman AA|yeewtu]]) 16:01, 6 Korse 2024 (UTC) == wallitaaki banɗam == emii heeditii haa ɗo'o Gam wallitaaki banɗam pullo hedidaaki laataki ballo ha nder fulfulde wikipedia [[User:Mamman AA|Mamman AA]] ([[User talk:Mamman AA|yeewtu]]) 16:11, 6 Korse 2024 (UTC) Nder Fulfulde koute e yahi,en Arabji nibkii lysdi Naajeriya jam borgu Wikipedia toe sebjee Project. Ehh war,ee traini ko bidaa sarboree editor, Fulfulde Wikipedia kankoo tibere lysdi Naajeriya yaree,en, mawbe bididoo ilmu nankoo tarihi, toe sibiree,ilmu sibgou Ari [[User:Bembety|Bembety]] ([[User talk:Bembety|yeewtu]]) 19:22, 7 Korse 2024 (UTC) Emii semmbedina baawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder fulfulde Wikipedia Gamma wango'o heebatungo kautal hurre ngal ummatore yimmbe too Les kowtarku don kautal hurre taa nder ndaatai jeytul fulfulde Wikipedia == Emii semmbedina baawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder fulfulde Wikipedia == Emii semmbedina baawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder fulfulde Wikipedia == Emii semmbedina baawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder fulfulde Wikipedia == Gamma wango'o heebatungo kautal hurre ngal nder ummatore yimmbe too Les kowtarku don kautal hurre taa nder ndaatai jeytul fulfulde Wikipedia == E mii semmɓedina ɓaawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder Fulfulde wikipedia == Gamma wango'o  heeɓatungo kautal  hurre ngal ummatore yimmɓe too les kowtarku ɗon kautal hurre taa nder ndaatal jeytul Fulfulde wikipedia [[User:Hauwa&#39;u lawal ardo|Hauwa&#39;u lawal ardo]] ([[User talk:Hauwa&#39;u lawal ardo|yeewtu]]) 16:17, 8 Korse 2024 (UTC) == E mii semmɓedina ɓaawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder Fulfulde wikipedia == Mii gyelii Bandirawo Fulani215 yendee kankoo shugabaju yandee Fulfulde Wikipedia. Eii kokarii makoo ffwiki limbee saujee, yauwkee, toe bidido. Har jornii Bandirawo toe bandirabe Fulani tarihi sabojee Naajeriya eii lysdi Africa toe Duneeyaru. Mii gyelii gudunmuwa shugabaju yandee Wikipedia nder Fulfulde. [[User:Igallards7|Igallards7]] ([[User talk:Igallards7|yeewtu]]) 17:47, 8 Korse 2024 (UTC) == Request to be come permanent admin in ffwiki == Useemen e haande bandiraɓe Fulɓe woɓɓe kawtal e wikimidia ngal Fulfulde toe ya,e Fulani215215 mii winnditee gamma temngo'o arduungal laamu e nder Fulfulde wikipedia ngal ummatore kowtarɓe ɓe kawtal taa daarungo'o kowngal ngal ndaatal jeytul anndal Fulfulde wikipedia e taa ummatore yimmɓe kowtarɓe ɓe kawtal huree. [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 18:49, 9 Bowte 2024 (UTC) == Emii semɓiiɗinii bandiraawo giɗɗo tefukii laataki hooreejo haa dow fulfulde wikipeediya bi'ado fulani215 gam yiɗii laato adiminnjo nder fulfulde wikipedia == Adminnjo nder fulfulde wikipedia [[User:Mamman AA|Mamman AA]] ([[User talk:Mamman AA|yeewtu]]) 19:46, 9 Bowte 2024 (UTC) == Announcement/ Emitakou Bandirabe am == Miin wanii bandirabe am Fulani215 e mi wata,en project makko Fulfulde Wikipedia yahai jingirde toe yahai yare,en lysidi Naajeeriya Bioware Visibilizing Minority Languages in Nothing Nigeria sadda bewal baware jorni jangirde ilimi, sanee, toh arddido yawte am sadda yare Kuugal Kanuri, Bole, Karai Karai Diiwal funbina toh waila e Hirna jabi lysine Wikipedian. [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 13:48, 20 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) :Hey @[[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]], eɗen mbiya wonde Damugal renndo ko ɗo mbaaw-ɗon waɗde kala sifa bayyinango ngo mbaw-ɗon jogade ɗoo. I would therefore, moved your announcement to the community village pump. Thanks for the understanding. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 11:58, 29 Duujal 2025 (UTC) ::Walla silko koh sadda Mr chairman Miyetti fuu [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 17:25, 29 Duujal 2025 (UTC) == Emitakou Ardo yewre == Bandirabe am e yewre Fulfulde Wikipedia admin koh don seree andi sawje articles lere to Wikidata lere makko am. [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 07:55, 13 Korse 2025 (UTC) :I support the renewal request of Fulani215 as sysop of ffwiki. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 06:30, 20 Korse 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:56, 27 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 12:45, 14 Morso 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''. Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. '''Why we are building temporary accounts''' Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users. '''How temporary accounts work''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it. '''What does this mean for different groups of users?''' '''For logged-out editors''' * This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki. * If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice. '''For community members interacting with logged-out editors''' * A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address). * Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community. '''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki''' * '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.) * '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''': ** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option. ** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range. * Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this. '''Our requests for you, and next steps''' * If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]]. * If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in. * Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options. * Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses. To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> 21:35, 26 Juko 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:40, 18 Siilto 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Confidence_Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 23:03, 18 Siilto 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-09-22_Wikipedias&oldid=29294855 --> == Requesting community approval for Kaimbot == Hello, I created [[User:Kaimbot|Kaimbot]] to automatically help improve article tagging and maintenance. Kaimbot is written in Python and hosted on [[:meta:Toolforge|Toolforge]]. This bot will automatically add the following templates to the appropriate pages: * [[Template:Stub|Stub]] * [[Template:Unreferenced|Unreferenced]] * [[Template:Uncategorized|Uncategorized]] * [[Template:Update|Update]] * [[Template:Reflist|Reflist]] The bot won't edit any page with the last edit less than 2 days ago. Some tests have been made on [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Kaimbot test wiki]. I am requesting approval from the community to conduct a test run on ffwiki and request for a bot flag on Meta. Cheers -- [[User:Kaim Amin|Kaim Amin]] ([[User talk:Kaim Amin|yeewtu]]) 17:24, 22 Siilto 2025 (UTC) :Pinging [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]], [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] for attention. [[User:Kaim Amin|Kaim Amin]] ([[User talk:Kaim Amin|yeewtu]]) 09:30, 26 Siilto 2025 (UTC) ::Hello Kaim Amin, ::Thank you for sharing the details about Kaimbot and the work you have put into building it. It’s encouraging to see tools being developed to support article maintenance and improve the overall quality of content on fffwiki. ::Your explanation of the bot’s functions (adding templates like Stub, Unreferenced, Uncategorized, Update, and Reflist) and the precaution of avoiding edits to recently updated pages shows that you’ve given thoughtful consideration to its impact. The fact that you have already tested it on the test wiki is also very reassuring. ::On behalf of Fulfulde Community we support the idea of running a test on fffwiki, and I look forward to seeing the results. Wishing you success as you proceed with the request for a bot flag on Meta. ::Best regards, ::Fulani215 [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 14:21, 26 Siilto 2025 (UTC) ::Hello @[[User:Kaim Amin|Kaim Amin]], we are happy that your bot has reached the final stage of completion. Indeed this will be a great help to the community just as the way @[[User:TanvirSdqBot|TanvirSdqBot]] is helping with Stub articles categorization and welcome messages. I will be in touch with the next project idea after a discussion wiith the community members. Thanks for your work. <small style="border:1px solid #444;padding:1px;background:#183693"> [[User:De-Invincible|<strong style="color:#FFF">DE-INVINCIBLE</strong>]] [[User talk:De-Invincible|<span style="color:white;">&nbsp;talk&nbsp;</span>]] </small> 05:30, 27 Siilto 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]]. When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]]. '''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.''' Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Chair, Elections Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 04:48, 9 Yarkomaa 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:42, 20 Yarkomaa 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 Yarkomaa 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Jolal 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:44, 16 Siilo 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 13:21, 18 Siilo 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Siilo 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 17:11, 3 Seeɗto 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 00:57, 26 Seeɗto 2026 (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Duujal 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Call to participate: Proposed baseline Neutral Point of View (NPOV) standard == Hello-hello! I am inviting you to participate in the public discussion regarding a proposed baseline Neutral Point of View (NPOV) standard. The proposed baseline is meant for the Wikipedias which do not yet have an NPOV policy, for these communities to adopt, use, and build upon. [[m:Proposed_baseline_NPOV_standard#Proposed_baseline_NPOV_standard|You can find the proposed text here]]. As your Wikipedia does not seem to have an NPOV policy, we hope that this public discussion and proposed baseline standard will support your project community in adopting one. [[m:Talk:Proposed_baseline_NPOV_standard|You can join the public discussion on meta]]<nowiki>. The timeframe for the discussion is from June 17 - July 15, 2026. Looking forward to engagement from your community and hopefully seeing your community to adopt the Neutral Point of View policy! --~~~~</nowiki> [[User:KVaidla (WMF)|KVaidla (WMF)]] ([[User talk:KVaidla (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 07:48, 19 Korse 2026 (UTC) == Invitation to participate in Abstract Wikipedia pilot == Hi everyone, I’m Luca, and I’m part of the team working on Abstract Wikipedia. [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is a [https://abstract.wikipedia.org/ recently launched Wikimedia project] that aims to create community-written, language-independent articles that can be output into many languages using Wikifunctions. This approach allows Wikipedia communities to leverage these articles to expand content and close the existing knowledge gaps between different language versions of Wikipedia. We would love to explore working with you as a pilot community for Abstract Wikipedia, especially given your current work with Wikidata lexemes and Wikifunctions functions. These two aspects are the cornerstone of Abstract Wikipedia, as it combines them to create language-independent articles. With this in mind, we would like to hear your thoughts on a few questions: # Are you interested in participating in an Abstract Wikipedia pilot? This would mean that abstract content from Abstract Wikipedia could be integrated into your Wikipedia, in place of currently non-existing. Your community will be in full control of which articles to integrate. # Would you be open to working with our partners in Wikimedia Deutschland to improve coverage of Wikidata lexemes in your language? This would involve creating missing lexemes, fixing issues on existing lexemes, adding forms and senses, improving overall quality, and linking them to Wikidata Items. # Would you be interested in working with the Wikifunctions community to improve coverage of language functions in your language? Or would you be interested in collaborating with a partner to do so? # Does an affiliate or group in your community currently have funding (General Support Fund, Rapid Fund etc.) to organize any workshops or events for you to engage your community? We want to stress again that your community will remain fully in control of its content, as existing local articles would never be replaced, and contributors could improve shared content from Abstract Wikipedia. Thank you in advance for sharing your thoughts! We’re here to listen and learn. You can address us in your own language, if you want. -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 13:57, 22 Korse 2026 (UTC) == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|yewtare]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Korse 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Korse 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> 66gv9vserw810txi8dlefl0maklhzxw 0 2103 176455 130944 2026-06-25T12:58:03Z Adamu mc 10501 176455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Naajeeriya''' e ''Mooɓgal Leydi Naajeeriya'' <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria#cite_note-14</ref>Hirnaanre [[Leydi|di]] to Hirnaanre [[Afrik]] .<ref>https://nigeriaembassygermany.org/about-nigeria.htm</ref> ɓaawo Woyla e ndi hakkunde<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria#cite_note-14</ref> Cakaare e hakkude Sahel nden boo e juggol Gini ɓaawo fommbina ko juggol Atlantica. E ndi woodi njaajirka leydi ko<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/History</ref> heewtii kiloomitaji 923,769 (356,669 sq mi) nden boo e jogii ɗuuɗirka [[yimmɓe|yimɓe]] ko ɓuri miliyonnji 216, kayri woni [[leydi]] ɓurndi ɗuuɗirka yimɓe e [[Afrik]], nonmaa ndi joweeɗiɗi e duniyaaru ɓurdundi ɗuuɗirka [[yimmɓe|yimɓe]]. Leydi Naajeeriya waɗii keerol e Niijeer ta woyla e leydi [[Caadi|Caad]] ta fuuɗaangae walaandu woyla e fuuna Cameroun ([[Kamerun]]) ta walaadu fommbinaare fuuna e kadi [[Benin]] ([[Bini]]) ta hirnaange. Mooɓgal leydi Naajeeriya, e saawi diiwe 36 e Abuuja, to Laamorde leydi ndin woni to Abuuja nden ɗon woni wuudu laamu maari. Gelle mawɗe e [[Naajeeriya]] hawtii e Leegas e ndi tawaa nder boo gelle mawɗe to duuniyaaru nden boo gelle ɗiɗaɓe ɓurɗe mawngu nder [[Afrik]]. Naajeeriya laatakeno lesɗe e laamuuji ɗuuɗɗi ko adii koloñaal gila duuɓi ujunaaje ɗiɗaɓe ko adii jibineede Iisaa, tawi ko siwil Nok e nder teemiɗɗeree 15-ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa, ko ɗum woni dental nder leydi aranal.[10] Dowla hannde kan fuɗɗii ko e koloñaal Biritaani'en e nder teemiɗɗeree 19-ɓiire, o ƴetti mbaadi leydi ndi hannde ndii e hawrude e Protectorate Woylaare Naajeeriya e Protectorate Fommbinaare Naajeeriya e hitaande 1914. Biritaannaaɓe mbaɗii njuɓɓudi laamu e sariyaaji tawa ina kuutoroo laamuuji ɗi ngonaa laamuyankooji rewrude e laamuuji aadaaji. Naajeeriya wonti fedde jeytaare mum e ñalnde 1 lewru Oktoobaaru hiitande 1960. Nde heɓi wolde hakkunde leyɗeele tuggii e 1967 haa 1970, nde rewi heen ko jokkondire hakkunde laamuuji sooji'en e laamuuji ranna-kolte'en cuɓaaɗi e demokaraasi haa nde heɓi laamu daartiingu e hitaande 1999 wooteeji hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Ogun, Olu Obasanjo mo lannda demokaraasi leƴƴi. Kono leydi ndi ina heewi heɓde fenaande e nder wooteeji, kadi fenaande ina heewi e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder politik leydi Naajeeriya. Naajeeriya ko leydi ndi leƴƴi keewɗi ngoni, ndi ko ɓuri leƴƴi 250 ina kaala ɗemɗe 500 ceertuɗe, tawi fof ina nanndi e pine keewɗe.[12][13][14] Leƴƴi tati ɓurɗi mawnude ɗii ko Hausa en to bannge worgo, Yoruba en to hirnaange, e Igbo en to fuɗnaange, kamɓe fof ɓe ngoni ko e 60% e yimɓe leydi ndii fof.[15] Ɗemngal laawɗungal ko Enngele, cuɓaangal ngam wallitde ngootaagu ɗemɗe to bannge ngenndi. Doosgal lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon hokka ndimu diina de jure, nden boo ndi ɗon mari juulɓe e Kirista'en ɓurduɓe nder winndere.[18] Naajeeriya feccii ko ina wona feccere hakkunde juulɓe, ɓurɓe heewde ko e bannge worgo leydi ndii, e Kerecee’en, ɓe ɓuri heewde ko e bannge worgo; diineeji ɓiɓɓe leydi, ko wayi no diineeji jeyaaɗi e leƴƴi Igbo e Yoruba, ina ngonndi e ŋakkeende. Naajeeriya ko leydi cemmbinndi e nder Afrik, kadi ko leydi hakkundeeri e nder geɗe winndere. Faggudu leydi Naajeeriya woni nayaɓri nder Afrik, 53-ɓri nder duuniyaaru to bannge PIB nominal, e 27-ɓri to bannge PPP. Naajeeriya ina heewi wiyeede ko Giant of Africa sabu keewal yimɓe mum e faggudu mum,[20] kadi ko kañum woni luumo ƴellitoore e nder Saggordu Winndere. Naajeeriya ko leydi sosndi Dental Leyɗeele Afrik, kadi ko tergal e pelle winndereyankooje keewɗe, ko wayi no Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, NAM,[21] Fedde Faggudu Dowlaaji Hirnaange Afrik, Fedde Gollondiral Lislaam e OPEP. Kadi ina jeyaa e fedde leyɗeele MINT ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje, ina jeyaa e faggudu ''Next Eleven''. == Ɗooforde Helmere == Innde Naajeeriya iwdi ko e maayo Niiseer ngo dogata e nder leydi ndi. Ndee innde sosaa ko ñalnde 8 lewru bowte hitaande 1897, ko jaayndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo Flora Shaw. [[Ndenndaandi]] Niiseer keedndi ndii itti innde mum ko e ngool maayo. Iwdi innde Niiseer, nde fuɗɗinoo huutoreede ko e nokkuuji hakkundeeji maayo Niiseer tan, laaɓtaani. Ina gasa tawa konngol ngol ko waylude innde Tuareg egerew n-igerewen nde hoɗɓe e saraaji maayo hakkundeejo saraaji Timbuktu hade koloñaal Oropnaaɓe e teeminannde 19ɓiire. Ko adii nde Flora Shaw suɓata innde Niiseer, inɗe goɗɗe cifaaɗe ɗee ko nokkuuji Sosiyetee Royal [[Niger]], Sudaan hakkundeejo, Laamu Niiseer, Sudaan Niiseer, e nokkuuji [[Hausare]]. == Daartol/ Taariiha == === Ko adii daartol === Wasde baraas Kainji hollitii golle njamndi e teeminannde 2ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa. Jaltugol gila e jamaanu Neolitik haa e jamaanu njamndi waɗi ko tawa njamndi hakkundeeri waɗaaka. Won heen mbiyi karallaagal ngal ummiima bannge hirnaange ummoraade e falnde Niil. Kono jamaanu njamndi e nder falnde maayo Niiseer e diiwaan ladde ina wayi no adii naatgol njamndi e nder safaara toowɗo ko ina ɓura duuɓi 800, kam e adii ɗum e nder falnde Niil. Wiɗtooji baɗanooɗi ko ɓooyaani ina kollita wonde njamndi mboɗeeri ƴellitiima e nder Afrik worgo Sahara. Siwil Nok ƴellitii hakkunde 1 500 ko adii jibineede Iisaa e hitaande 200 caggal Iisaa hedde hitaande 550 ko adii jibineede Iisaa e ina gasa tawa ko teeminanɗe seeɗa ko adii ɗuum.Seedeeji ɓuuɓɗi njamndi kadi njiytaama e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Nsukka to fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Najeriya : ko ina wona hitaande 2000 ko adii jibineede Iisaa to nokku Lejja[34] e hitaande 750 ko adii jibineede Iisaa e nokku Opi. === Daartol adanngol === [[File:Ancient_Benin_city.JPG|thumb|Natal wuro Benin e juuɗe naalanke Holanndeejo e hitaande 1668. Ko nanndi e mahdi e nder caka ina gasa tawa ina hollira mahdi Benin, ɗo galle laamorɗo taariindi wuro Benin fawaa e njamndi Benin.]] Taariindi Kano ina teeŋtina daartol ɓooyngol tuggi hedde hitaande 999 caggal iisa, e nder wuro-dowla Hawsa Saheliyankeewo Kano, e gure Hawsa mawɗe goɗɗe (walla Hawsa Bakwai) Daura, Hadeija, Kano, Katsina, Zazzau, Rano, e Gobir fof ina mbinndaa daartol ummoriingol e teeminannde 10ɓiire. Nde Lislaam yaaji gila e teeminannde 7ɓiire caggal Iisaa, nokku oo anndiraa Sudaan walla Bilad Al Sudaan (Engele: Leydi ɓaleeɓe). Nde tawnoo yimɓe ɓee ina njokkondiri seeɗa e pinal juulɓe aarabeeɓe worgo Afrik, ɓe puɗɗii ko njulaagu hakkunde Sahara, ɓe mbiyatnoo ɓe Al-Sudan (maanaa « ɓaleeɓe ») nde tawnoo ɓe njiytiraa ko ɓe feccere yaajnde e juulɓe duniya. Won nate taariiha arandeeje ɗe daartiyankooɓe aarabeeɓe e juulɓe e yontaaji hakkundeeji e annduɓe geɗe leydi mbiyata laamu Kanem–Bornu ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e diiwaan oo ngam ƴellitaare lislaam.[citation needed] Laamu Nri mo leñol Igbo ngol semmbini nder teeminannde 10ɓiire, o jokki haa o dañi laamu makko e juuɗe Angalteer e hitaande 1911.[35][36] Nri laaminoo ko Eze Nri, wuro Nri ina hiisee wonde ko kañum woni sosngo pinal Igbo. Nri e Aguleri, ɗo daartol tagoore Igbo ummorii, woni ko e leydi leñol Umeuri. Terɗe leñol ngol ina njokki e leƴƴi mum en haa e laamɗo mawɗo biyeteeɗo Eri.[37] E nder Afrik hirnaange, njamndiiji ɓurɗi ɓooyde peewnaaɗi e kuutoragol peeje wax majjuɗe ɗee ko Igbo-Ukwu, wuro ngo Nri woni e mum.[35] Laamuuji Yorubaaji Ife e Oyo to fuɗnaange-rewo Naajeeriya mbaɗti mawnude e nder teeminannde 12ɓiire[38][39] e 14ɓiire[40]. Maandeeji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e koɗki aadee e nokku Ife hannde oo, ummorii ko e teeminannde 9ɓiire,[38] e pinal mum kaɓirɗe ina waɗi nate terakota e njamndi. === Jamanuuji ko adii koloñaal === E teeminannde 16ɓiire, wiɗtooɓe Purtugeec en ngoni Oropnaaɓe adanɓe fuɗɗaade njulaagu teeŋtungu, toowngu e leƴƴi fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, to porto mo ɓe inniri [[Lagos]] (Eko ko adii) e to Calabar e sara diiwaan Slave Coast. Oropnaaɓe ina njeeyda marsandiis e leƴƴi to bannge geec ; njulaagu daande maayo e Oropnaaɓe kadi ko fuɗɗoode njulaagu jiyaaɓe Atlantik.[41] Port Calabar to bannge taariindi Bight of Biafra (ko heewi wiyeede hannde ko Bight of Bonny) wonti gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e njulaagu jiyaaɓe e nder Afrik hirnaange e ooɗoo sahaa. Portooji maccuɓe mawɗi goɗɗi ina tawee e Badagry, Lagos to maayo Benin, e duunde Bonny to maayo Biafra.[41][42] Ko ɓuri heewde e nawaaɓe e ɗeen portooji nanngaa ko e hareeji e hareeji.[43] Heewi wonde ko nanngaaɓe ɓee ngartiraa e leydi jaaltaaɓe ɓee, ko golle doole ; ɓe ngoni ko e pinal seeɗa-seeɗa, ɓe naatnee e renndo jaaltaaɓe. Laabi maccuɓe mbaɗaama e nder leydi Najeriya fof jokkondirɗi e nokkuuji hinndeeji e portooji mawɗi daande maayo. Won e laamlaamuuji ɓurɗi heewde njulaagu jiyaaɓe tawtoranooɓe njulaagu jiyaaɓe Atlantik ina njokkondiri e Laamu Benin Edo to fuɗnaange, Laamu Oyo to fuɗnaange-rewo, e Konfederaasiyoŋ Aro to fuɗnaange-rewo.Laamu Benin duumiima hakkunde teeminannde 15ɓiire e 19ɓiire.[44] Oyo, e nder leydi mum ɓurndi mawnude e darorɗe teeminannde 17ɓiire haa fuɗɗoode teeminannde 18ɓiire, yaajtini semmbe mum gila hirnaange Naajeeriya haa Togo hannde oo. To bannge worgo, hareeji ɗi ndartaaki hakkunde gure-dowlaaji Hausa en e ustaare laamu Bornu addani leñol Fulɓe heɓde yahrude yeeso e nder diiwaan hee. Haa jooni, Fulɓe, leñol gonngol e njilluuji, ɓuri waawde yahde ko e diiwaan Saheli, mo jeereende mum woni, to fuɗnaange Sudaan, ina rewi jawdi, ina reena njulaagu e jillondirde e leƴƴi Sudaan. E fuɗɗoode teeminannde 19ɓiire, Usmaan dan Fodio ardiima jihaadi cemmbinndi e Laamlaamuuji Hawsa en, o sosi Kalifaandi Sokoto hakkundeejo. Ndeen laamu, tawi ko ɗemngal Arab woni ɗemngal mum laawɗungal, mawni no feewi e les njiimaandi makko e njiimaandi iwdi makko, nelduɓe konuuji njiimaandi e kala bannge. Laamu mawngu nguu, ngu alaa ko woni e mum, jokkondiri fuɗnaange e diiwaan hirnaange Sudaan, ngu waɗi njilluuji dow fuɗnaange ngam heɓtude geɗe Laamaandi Oyo (Kwara hannde oo), ngu yahri yeeso feewde e ɓernde Yoruba en wiyeteende Ibadan, haa yettii geec Atlantik. Leydi ndi laamu nguu joginoo ndii ina waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji hannde ɗii to bannge worgo e hakkundeere leydi Najeriya. Sultan oo neldi amiiruuji ngam tabitinde laamu e dow leyɗeele keɓtinaaɗe ɗee, e ƴellitde siwil lislaam ; emiruuji ɗii kadi ɓeydii alɗude e doole rewrude e njulaagu e maccungaagu. E kitaale 1890, jiyaaɓe ɓurɓe heewde e winndere ndee, fotde miliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi, ina keewi e nder terɗe Kalifaandi Sokoto. Huutoraade golle maccuɓe ina yaaji, haa teeŋti noon e ndema.E sahaa nde nde feccii e hitaande 1903 e nder koloniiji Orop ceertuɗi, Kalifaandi Sokoto ina jeyaa e leyɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude e nder Afrik ko adii koloñaal.[46] Waylude yamiroore sariya (haɗde njulaagu jiyaaɓe e Atlantik e hitaande 1807) e yamiroore faggudu (yiɗde deeƴre politik e renndo) addani ko ɓuri heewde e leyɗeele Orop wallitde ndema geɗe ndema, ko wayi no paltoor, ngam huutoraade ɗum e nder gollorɗe Orop . Njulaagu jiyaaɓe jokki caggal nde haɗaa, nde tawnoo jom en jawɗeele en ina cooda jiyaaɓe e saraaji maayo e juuɗe jiyaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii. Eskaadron leydi Angalteer to Afrik worgo yiɗiino haɗde jom en jawɗeele en e nder maayo. Maccuɓe hisnaaɓe ɓee nawaama to Freetown, koloni to Afrik hirnaange, mo Lietnaa John Clarkson sosi e fuɗɗoode ngam hoɗnude jiyaaɓe ɓe Angalteer woppi to Amerik worgo caggal wolde [[Aameerik]]. === Koloñaal Angalteer === Angalteer naati e hare laamu Lagos, nde yani e Lagos e hitaande 1851, o riiwti Oba Kosoko, jom njulaagu jiyaaɓe, o walli ngam sosde Oba Akitoye, jom doole en, o siifondiri nanondiral hakkunde Angalteer e Lagos ñalnde 1 lewru Yarkomaa 1852. Angalteer heɓti Lagos koloni korona e lewru ut 1861 e nanondiral cession Lagos. Misiyoŋaaji Angalteer njaajni golle mum en, njahi haa ɓurti e nder leydi. E hitaande 1864, Samuel Ajayi Crowther wonti biskop Afriknaajo gadano e nder Egliis Angalteer. [[File:Flag of Lagos Colony (1888–1906).svg|thumb|Bannge Koloni Lagos|157x157px|left]] E hitaande 1885, wiyde Angalteer ina jogii doole e nder Afrik hirnaange, heɓi njeenaari e leyɗeele Orop goɗɗe e nder batu [[Berlin]]. Hitaande rewtunde ndee, nde ƴetti Sosiyetee Royal Niiseer e gardagol Sir George Taubman Goldie. E darorɗe teeminannde 19ɓiire e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, sosiyetee oo dañii nafoore mawnde e jiimde laamlaamuuji hoɗɓe jeyaaɓe e maayo Niiseer, Angalteer heɓti Benin e hitaande 1897, e nder wolde Anglo-Aro (1901-1902), fooli luutndiiɓe woɗɓe. Foolde ɗeen dowlaaji udditi nokku Niiseer oo e njiimaandi Angalteer. E hitaande 1900, leydi sosiyetee oo naati e les njiimaandi laamu Angalteer, o sosi Protectorate Sud Nigeria, ko ɗum woni protectorat Angalteer, jeyaa ko e laamu Angalteer. [[File:Tcitp d012 frederick john dealtry lugard and wife.jpg|thumb|Joomiraawo e debbo Lugard, hitaande 1908|upright]] [[File:Emir of Kano-1911.jpg|thumb|Laamɗo Kano e konu pucci, 1911|left]] E hitaande 1902, Angalteer fuɗɗiima waɗde feere ngam yahde worgo e nder Kalifaandi Sokoto. Seneraal Angalteer biyeteeɗo Lord Frederick Lugard ko Biro Koloñaal halfinaa ɗum ngam huutoraade ajenda oo. Lugard huutoriima luural hakkunde heewɓe e emiir en wonɓe e nokkuuji fuɗnaange kalifaandi e laamu Sokoto hakkundeejo ngam haɗde kala deftordu nde o gollotoo feewde laamorgo ngoo. Nde Angalteer ɓadtii wuro Sokoto, Sultan Muhammadu Attahiru I yuɓɓini difagol jaawngol wuro ngoo, o haɓi e konu Angalteer ardinoongu yahrude yeeso. Doole Angalteer njaawnii, neldi Attahiru I e ujunnaaje ujunnaaje almuɓɓe mum e hijra Mahdist en. To bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ustaare laamu Bornu addani Emiraaji Borno ɗi Angalteer jiimnoo, ɗi ndarni Abubakar Garbai mo Borno laamɗo. E hitaande 1903, nafoore Angalteer e wolde Kano rokki ɓe mbaawkaaji logistique ngam deeƴnude ɓernde Kalifaandi Sokoto e geɗe laamu Bornu ɓooyngu. Ñalnde 13 marse 1903, to luumo mawngo Sokoto, wiziir cakkitiiɗo kalifaandi oo jaɓi laamu Angalteer e dow laabi. Angalteer toɗɗii Muhammadu Attahiru II yo won kaliifa keso. Lugard momti kalifaandi kono o jokki tiitoonde sultan ngam wonde darnde maantiniinde e nder Protectorat Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya yuɓɓinaaɗo keso oo. Ndeeɗoo heddiinde wonti ko anndiraa « Diiso Sultan Sokoto ». E lewru suwee 1903, Angalteer fooli heddiiɓe e konu worgo Attahiru. E hitaande 1906, denndaangal haɓaade laamu Angalteer gasii. [[File:Nnamdi Azikiwe PC (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Nnamdi Azikiwe]], Ardiiɗo Naajeeriya gadano (1963-1966)|upright|left]] Ñalnde 1 lewru Yarkomaa 1914, Angalteer hawritii e dow laawol, Protektoraat Nijeeriya Fuɗnaange e Protektoraat Fuɗnaange Nijeeriya, ɓe mbaɗti ɗum en Koloni e Protektoraaji Naajeeriya. To bannge laamu, leydi Naajeeriya heddii ina feccii e Protectorat Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange e Koloni Lagos. Hoɗɓe e diiwaan fuɗnaange oo ɓuri jogaade jokkondiral, faggudu e pinal, e Angalteer e Oropnaaɓe woɗɓe sabu faggudu daande maayo.[48] Misiyoŋaaji kerecee en mbaɗii duɗe jaŋde hirnaange e nder protektoraaji ɗii. E nder politik leydi Angalteer jowitiingal e laamuuji ɗi ngonaa juutɗi e tabitinde aadaaji lislaam, laamu nguu semmbinaani golle misiyoŋaaji kerecee en to bannge worgo, to bannge lislaam leydi ndii. E nder caka teeminannde 20ɓiire caggal wolde adunaare ɗimmere, ɓuuɓol ngam jeytaare ina yaaji e nder Afrik, ngam jaabaade ɓeydagol ngenndiyaŋkaagal Naajeeriya e ɗaɓɓaande jeytaare, doosɗe leydi Naajeeriya jokkondirɗe ɗe laamu Biritaan ƴetti, ndartini Naajeeriya e laamu hoore mum e dow wakiliijo e ɓeydotoo ko e tuugnorgal fedde nde. E ñalngu jeytaare e hitaande 1960, ceertugol diiwanuuji e nder jaŋde hannde ndee ina teskaa. Lefol ngol, hay so ina famɗi no feewi, ina jokki haa hannde. Imbalances hakkunde woyla e fuɗnaange hollitaama e nder nguurndam politik leydi Najeriya kadi. Yeru, woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya haɗi maccungaagu haa hitaande 1936 nden nder nokkuuje feere nder lesdi Naajeeriya, maccungaagu ndartinaama ɓaawo koloñaal. ==Al'aadaji== === Binndol === [[File:Chinua Achebe, 1966 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Chinua Achebe]], keɓɗo njeenaari Booker 2007 e njeenaari jam to njulaagu defte Almaañ 2002 |192x192px]] Ko ɓuri heewde e binndi Naajeeriya mbinndaa ko e ɗemngal Engele, heen geɗal ko sabu ko ɓuri heewde e Naajeeriya en paami ɗemngal ngal. Binndol e nder ɗemɗe Yoruba, Hausa e Igbo (ɗemɗe tati ɓurɗe heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Nijeer) ina woodi, kono, e nder haala Hausa, yeru, ina waawi ƴeewtaade aadaaji ɓooyɗi. E Wole Soyinka, Naajeeriya ina waawi rokkude njeenaari Nobel ngam binndol. Ben Okri heɓi njeenaari Booker mawndi e hitaande 1991 ; Chinua Achebe waɗi noon e hitaande 2007. Achebe kadi heɓi njeenaari jam njulaagu defte Almaañ e hitaande 2002. Lola Shoneyin heɓi njeenaaje keewɗe ngam deftere mum wiyeteende Nguurndam sirlu rewɓe Baba Segi. === Womre === [[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|left|Bammbooji e nder [[Ojumo Oro]], [[Diiwal Kwara|Diiwaal Kwara]]|258x258px]] Ko ɓuri anndeede e jimɗi ɓurɗi lollude e nder leydi Najeriya ko jimɗi palm-wine ɗi ɓuri heewde e jimɗi ɗii e kitaale 1920. Tunde King ko innde mawnde e nder fannu oo.[309][310] E kitaale 1930, Orkestra Native Onitsha feeñi. Ɓe ƴeewtindoyii tiitooɗe renndo e mbaydiiji ceertuɗi e nder jimɗi maɓɓe.[309][310] E kitaale 1950 e 1960, jimɗi Highlife ngonti ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe leydi ndii e jimɗi diiwaanuuji ko wayi no Igbo Highlife. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e fannu oo ko fedde sukaaɓe Najeriya adannde wiyeteende Bobby Benson, Osita Osadebe, Victor Olaiya, Rex Lawson, Dr Sir Warrior e Oliver De Coque.[[File:Davido performing at the Lagos city Marathon gala 2020 10 27 05 793000.jpeg|thumb|Davido]]Duuɓi 1970 ko yonta Fela Kuti, ardiiɗo jimɗi Afrobeat - jillondirɗi e Highlife, Jazz e jimɗi Yoruba. Fela caggal mum wayliima wonti gollal renndo e hakkille ɓaleejo.[309][310] [[File:Wizkid at Iyanya's album launch concert, 2013 (Cropped).png|left|thumb|Wizkid|210x210px]] E kitaale 1980, laamɗo Sunny Ade heɓi nafoore e Juju Music. Yimoowo mawɗo e yonta oo ko William Onyeabor mo nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni jimol Funk e Disko. E kitaale 1990, jimɗi reggae mbayliima e nder dingiral jimɗi. Naalanke mawɗo e oon sahaa ko Majek Fashek. E nder cakkital kitaale 1990, Hip hop Music fuɗɗii dañde darnde, ardii ɗum ko golle bayɗe no Remedies, Trybes Men, JJC ekn... E nder duuɓi ɗii fof, jimɗi highlife ina njokki e ƴellitde e nder leydi ndii. [[File:Burna Boy (cropped).jpg|thumb|Burna Boy]] [[File:CKay during an interview in March 2022.png|left|thumb|CKay]]E fuɗɗoode teeminannde ndee, golle lolluɗe e kitaale 2000 ko wayi no P-Square, 2face, e Dbanj ina njeyaa e ko mbaɗi batte mawɗe e ƴellitaare Afrobeats e ƴellitaare mum e nder dingiral winnderewal. E lewru Noowammbar 2008, dingiral jimɗi leydi Najeriya (e ngal Afrik) heɓi hakkillaaji winndere nde nde MTV yuɓɓini yeewtere adannde e nder duunde nde ngam hokkude njeenaaje jimɗi Afrik to Abuja.[315] Ko ɓuri duuɓi sappo caggal ɗuum, fannu Afrobeat ina yaaji, ina waɗi naalanke hono Davido, Wizkid e Burna Boy. === Juulde === [[File:Sallah Durba 2014.jpg|thumb|Ko juulde sallah to Bauchi]] Juuldeeji ɗuuɗɗi ɗon nder leydi Naajeeriya, goɗɗi nder maajum ɗon mari wakkati ko adii gartugo diinaaji mawɗi nder lesdi ndi’i ɗuuɗal leƴƴi e finaa-tawaa. Juulde mawnde julbe e Kerecee’en ina heewi mawnineede e nder laabi zi ngonaa gootum e nder leydi Naajeeriya walla tawa ko e nder yimve nokku gooto.[328] Koolol ƴellitaare turism leydi Najeriya ina gollondira e dowlaaji ngam ƴellitde juuldeeji aadaaji, ɗi mbaawi wonde jolɗe teeŋtuɗe ngam heɓde ngalu turism.[329] === Nyaamndu === [[File:Cooked masa.jpg|thumb|Masa|upright]] [[File:Suya with pepper sauce.jpg | thumb|right | Suya e soseeji|upright]] [[File:AKARA.jpg | thumb|right | Kosai (akara)|upright]] [[File:Nkwobi.jpg | thumb|right |Nkwobi|upright]] Kuugal lesdi Naajeeriya, bana kuugal Afrik hirnaange fuu, don anndi bee risku e feere-feere. Ko heewi e ɓuuɓri, leɗɗe, e ɓuuɓri ina kuutoree e nebam palme walla nebam ɗam ngam waɗde ɓuuɓri luggiɗndi e suukara keewɗo waɗeede e nguleeki no feewi e ɓuuɓri cili. Juuldeeji Naajeeriya ina keewi, ina keewi, kadi kosam luumooji e saraaji laawol, ina heewi kadi ina heewi. Suya ina heewi yeeyde e nder gure haa teeŋti noon e jamma.[330] === Saaman === [[File:2013 Duro Olowu ensemble, Spring-Summer 01.jpg|left|thumb|upright=0.8|Ansammbele ko [[Duro Olowu]]]] Industry mojobere nder Naajeeriya ɗon wallita masin nder faggudu lesdi ndi'i. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓoornaade comci casual kono styles formal e traditional kadi ina ɓoornee fawaade e ñalngu nguu. Naajeeriya anndaaka tan e mbaydiiji mum e mbaydiiji mum, kono kadi e mbaydi mbaylaandi ndi ɓeydii heɓde njeenaari e nder winndere ndee. Euromonitor ina limta wonde luumo mooftirgel to bannge worgo Sahara ina jogii 31 miliyaar dolaar, tawi ko Najeriya ina jogii 15% e ɗeen miliyaaruuji 31 ​​dolaar.[331] Naajeeriya anndaaka tan ngam ɗuuɗal limngal limngal limngal limngal limngal limngal sirru nder finaa-tawaa maɓɓe. Ɓe njaltini kadi diisneteeɓe heewɓe ƴellitiiɓe karallaagal e njulaagu keewngu e nder laawol. ==Laawol tokkingo Laamu== [[Naajeeriya]] un jamhuriyawal kautugal e tokkingo lawol laamuji maagal tokkuɗi eɗun [[Aameerik]]. Inare mo bawal yaahirki hanko wooni arɗiɗo leydi. Arɗujo leydi kanko wooni jaagorɗo ɗembo mawɗo gomnatire hawtugo; eɗun subta arɗujo eta laawol kuri'aaji [[yimmɓe]] yaari ɓurɗun mangu wa’aɗu ɗiiɗum ɗun ɗuuɓi naayi. Majalisu dotti’en eɓe ngooɗi wakiltiɓe ɓe ɗaaroɓe arɗuugal mauɗo leydi inare eɗun hautiɓe e suudu wooru ɗun inɗe National Assembly. Majalisu dotti’en ke ɓe jooɗerɗe 109 ɓe wakillentaato gaɗa koɗame diiwal hai bo gimɗo gooto gaɗa gelle mawɗe hawtugo [[Abuja]] eɗun subta memɓa’en ɓen dai eɓe ngooɗi joɗerle 360, nokkuje ɗuuɗirka joɗerle e koɗeye diiwal tantanshoto ɗuuɗirka [[yimmɓe]]. ==Sifaaji== [[File:Le Fleuve Niger 01.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Dawasa rural steliment.jpg|thumb]] [[Naajeeriya]] ko leydi e duungal [[Afirik]] [[Naajeeriya]] (/naɪˈdʒɪəriə/ (nanu)), ɓurndi ɗuuɗal [[yimmɓe]] nder duungal [[Afrik]], ndi [[yimmɓe]] ɓe hiisaango yottini miliyonji 211. Keerniiɗum Kawtal Mooɓgal [[Naajeeriya]], ɗum lesdi on haa hirnaanngeere [[Afrik]], keeri bee [[Niiser|Niijer]] haa wayla, [[Caadi|Chadi]] haa wayla walaadu hirna, [[Kamerun]] haa fuuna, nden [[Benen|Benin]] haa hirna. Ndi wortoongo haa fommbina lonyoodu [[Gine/adlam|Gine]] haa nder maayo Filitiingo Atlantic. Ɗum kawtal mooɓgal diiwe (jahaaji) 36 bee 1 Laamorde kawtal cappal, laamorde ndeen haa galluure [[Abuuja]] woni. Tuuginurde lesdi (constitution) tinndini [[Naajeeriya]] dow diiwal dimukuraaɗiyya on.[6] Gallol ɓurngol mawngu e [[Naajeeriya]] ko [[Lagos]].<ref>Nicole Rupp, Peter Breunig & Stefanie Kahlheber, "[http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/kahlheber/ Exploring the Nok Enigma]", ''Antiquity'' 82.316, June 2008.</ref><ref>B.E.B. Fagg, "The Nok Culture in Prehistory", ''Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria'' 1.4, December 1959.</ref> ==Lasgi E Ɗemle== E wooɗi ɗemle 521 nder [[Naajeeriya]], jewenayi nɗer maaje majji. E goɗɗe geɓɓe [[Naajeeriya]] lasgi eɓe bolwiral bolle ko ɓuuri go’o ɗun subti wolɗe ɗe ɗun huutirta e hukuma [[Naajeeriya]] biaɗe ingilisii ngam hoinuuki hawtuki ko'e (hore) [[yimmɓe]] ummatore e laawol heɓirki kawtal hore ɗun ɗemle e lesdi ɗin hollingo laamu boɗejo mallakiɓe ɓe Britain ɗunɗun waɗɗi keerol maajun e ɗungu 1960. Ɗemle mawɗe ɗe ɗun wolwirta (woldata’emaje) e [[Naajeeriya]] eɗe wakilto mauɗe yalji tati ɗun ɗemle [[Afrik]]. {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = Lenyol nder Naajeeriya (2020)<ref name="Africa: Nigeria">{{Cite web|work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria/|access-date=2020-06-21 |title=Africa: Nigeria}}</ref> |label1 = [[Hausa people|Hausa]] |value1 = 25 |color1 = Green |label2 = [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] |value2 = 21 |color2 = Red |color3 = Blue |label4 = [[igbo people|Igbo]] |value4 = 18 |color4 = Orange |label3 = [[Ijaw people|Ijaw]] |value3 = 1.8 |label5 = [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] |value5 = 3.5 |color5 = Pink |label6 = [[Tiv people|Tiv]] |value6 = 2.4 |color6 = Maroon |label7 = [[Fulani people|Fulani]] |value7 = 6 |color7 = Black |label8 = [[Kanuri people|Kanuri]] |value8 = 3 |color8 = Cyan |label9=Woɗɓe|color9=White|value9=19.3}} Ɗuuɗirka ɗemle [[Niijer]]-Congo kammani [[Igbo]], [[Yoruba]], [[Ibibio]], [[Ijaw]], [[Fulfulde]], [[Ogoni]] e [[Edo]]. [[Kanuri]] ɗeɗun woldata e woyla ta fuuna musamman e [[Borno]] ɗen e [[Yobe]] geɓal gal leyol nilo-saharanje kanjun maaboɗen bolle ɗemgal [[hausare]] un ɗemgal eɗun Afroasiatic. Fuu e wiiki ɗuuɗirka laasgi ɗi ɓuri yidgo wolɗuki e wolde ɗemgal Englishire eɗau jonɗe ɗemgal hukumare eɗun huutiraɗe semɓe e inaje hokkuki ilmu (famgo) ɗembo e inare luumɓe. Turankore e jonɗe wolɗe artuɗe un goɗɗe seɗɗaje gaɗa ɗer gelleji leydi ɗin kuuwirta e maare ɗembo ɗun woldata e maare ko e seɗɗa e goɗɗe geɓɓe karkaraje. Hausare kaire ke wooni wolɗe ɗeɗun ɓuri wolɗuuki (wolwirki) haire ɓuri ɗuuɗirka bolle eɗer mauɗe ɗemle taati ɗe ɗun wolwirta e maare e [[Naajeeriya]]. Lattaki ɓurɓe ɗuuɗuki ummatore [[Naajeeriya]] eɓe jooɗi e geɓal sareji (karkaraji) ɗemle mauɗe ɗe ɗun wolwirta e leydi ɗin ɓe lattake ɗemle kammani yimɓe faaro ɗun usl. Goɗɗe ɓurɗe maugu gaɗa ɗer ɗeɗɗen musamman Yorobanko’en e Igbo ɓe keeɓoyi (fottugo) fottuɗugo ɗemle gaɗa bolle fere-fere ɗembo ɗe eɗen ɗemle eɓe bolwira e maare. Turanko’en pidgin ɗun [[Naajeeriya]], lattiɗe ɗe ɗun ɓuri e noddireki pidgin ko bo e (broken english) kaire ma ɗe anɗaaɗe wolde ɗen koenoyiiki eɓe goodi tasiru geɓe fere-fere eɗau wolde. Turanko’en pidgin kobo Englishire ɗun [[Naajeeriya]] eɗun wolda e maare semɓe eɗer geɓal [[Niger Delta]]. ==Natal== <gallery> File:Masque Angas-Nigeria (British Museum).jpg|thumb|Masque mo yimɓe Angas leydi Najeriya kuutortoo (Musée britannique) File:Abuja, Laamurde lesdi 3.jpg|Abuja - Naajeeriya File:Bowl for ritual objects from Nigeria Yoruba people 1880-1954 Dallas Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|Bowl ngam kuuje juulde diga yimbe Yoruba, Naajeeriya 1880-1954 Duunde mawnde Dallas File:Queen Mother Pendant Mask- Iyoba MET DP231460.jpg|thumb|Royal [[Benin ivory mask]], one of Nigeria's most recognized artifacts. [[Benin Empire]], 16th century. </gallery> {{Commons|Nigeria}} {{Afirik}} ==Tuugnorɗe== [[Catégorie:Leydi]] [[Catégorie:Afirik]] [[Catégorie:Naajeeriya| ]] iiubkw7pcxelorqjtrb3v0wxxjh3jum 5 3524 176458 146404 2026-06-25T13:45:53Z Fulani215 7983 /* Shugaba,en makko Fula Wikimedia */ new section 176458 wikitext text/x-wiki == Usi[[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload Wizard|UploadWizard]] for uploads == [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|right|220px|alt=Wikimedia Commons logo]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello! It was noted that on this wiki you have [[Special:Statistics|less than 10 local files]]. Presumably, you therefore don't have interest nor energies to have [[commons:Category:Licensing templates|hundreds templates]] with the [[mw:Multimedia/Media Viewer/Template compatibility|now required HTML]], even less a local [[m:EDP|EDP]]. However, this means that users here will experience a mostly broken and/or [[wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy|illegal]] uploading. I propose to * '''have [[Special:Upload|local upload]] [[commons:Commons:Turning off local uploads|restricted]]''' to the "{{int:group-sysop}}" group (for emergency uploads) and * the '''sidebar point to [[commons:Special:UploadWizard]]''', so that you can avoid local maintenance and all users can have a functioning, easy upload interface [[translatewiki:Special:Translate/ext-uploadwizard|in their own language]]. All registered users can upload on Commons and [[Special:ListFiles|existing files]] will not be affected. I'll get this done in one week from now. # If you disagree with the proposal, just [[m:User:Nemo bis/Unused local uploads|remove your wiki from the list]]. # To make the UploadWizard even better, please tell your experience and ideas on [[commons:Commons:Upload Wizard feedback]]. [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 19 Duujal 2014 à 20:38 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Nemo bis@metawiki en utilisant la liste à http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Nemo_bis/Unused_local_uploads&oldid=8578536 --> == Pulaagu, Islaam e Ganndal: Daarto Seyhu Usmaan Ɓiy Foodiyo == Sayku Usmaan Ɓiy Foodiyo ko gooto e mujaddid en ɓurɓe teskeede e nder daartol Islaam haa ɓuri teeŋtude noon e nder ɓaleeri Afrik. Dan fodio (firti ko ɓiy Foodiyo e hawsankoore) hono no o ɓuri lollirde, ko Pullo jeyaaɗo to leydi Hawsa. Ceerno Maamuudu Jah mo Pete (Fuuta Tooro) ene wiya ko o Demdemo (yettoode makko ko Dem) kadi iwdi makko ko Jamaa-Alwaali, diiwan Tooro e nder leydi Fuuta Tooro.Hayso ɗuum laatiima ne, tawat ɓe perii ummaade Fuuta fayde leydi Hawsa gila e yontaaji keewɗi. H.A.S. Johnston e nder deftere mum The Fulani Empire of Sokoto ene hollira heen doggol asko maɓɓe hono no ɓe mbinndiri ɗum ni, tuggude e Muusa Jokollo taaniiɓe gadiiɗo arde Birnin Konni e nder leydi Hawsa o haa yettii Muhammadu Foodiyo baaba mum Seyku Usman, taaniraaɓe sappo ene e hakkude he. Tuugnaade e ngoon asko Johnston ene qiimoo gargol lenyol Dan Fodio en e nder leydi Hawsa gila e hitaande 1450. Kanko Johnston o beydi heen haa jooni “ Ko ɗoon ɓe ngonno nde Konu Askiya honi bannge hiirnaage leydi Hawsa, e ɓe tawaa ƴellitagol e jangol laamu Muhammadu Kanta ndaɓɓu balɗe, ɓe nanii kabaaru wonde konu Jukun en nana darii e damal Katsina kadi ɓe ceediima fusgo laamu Zamfara.”  Ko ɓuri faayodin’de ni e jarde teskaade’ o wiy kanko Johnston, “ko kamɓe Fulɓe Toorankaawa (Toorooɓe) en ɓee ngadii Goobiraawa en, hono Hawsankeeɓe askitinteeɓe e nokku he ɓe, hoɗde e nder diiwaan he.” Kala ko waawi heen won’de kam, daartol nguurndam Seyku Usman ɓiy Foodiyo ene aywina daartol Islaam e nder Ɓaleeri Afrik kala, haa ɓuri teeŋtude noon e daartol lenyol Fulɓe ngol ɓe o jeeyaa e nder mum en ngol.  Islaam e nder Ɓaleeri Afrik Fulɓe ene njeyaa e lenyɗi Hiirnaange Afrik gadiiɗi naatde e nder diine Islaam. Daartiyankooɓe Arabeeɓe ko wayno Al Bakri, Al-Idriisi walla Ibnu Batuuta en fof ene ceedo jaajgol Islaam e nder Fuuta Tooro (Takrur) gila e teemedannde 11ɓre. Pergol Fulɓe aynaaɓe heewɓe ummaade Fuuta Tooro fayde fuɗnaange e naatondiral maɓɓe toon e lenyɗi goɗɗi Afriknaaji juulɓe, ko wayno Manndiŋkeeɓe e Hawsankeeɓe, ɓeydiima tiiɗtindeɓe e nder Islaam e saanga nde yoga e maɓɓe mbaɗti hoɗde e wuurde nguurndam saareyeejam. Nde tawnoo diine e pinal Islaam ko kanum ɓurnoo battinde e yiytinaade e nder saareeji Bilad as-Sudaan.   Bilaad as-Sudaan, hono no daartiyankeeɓe Islaamyankeeɓe adanɓe ɓe noddiratnoo ɓaleeri Afrik ni, ko cirfol worgo sahara tuggude e Maayo Atlantik to banngo hiirnaange haa yettii Mayo Woɗewo to bannge fuɗnaange. Wiyaama Islaam fuɗɗiima naatde e nder diiwaan he gila e teemedannde 8ɓre. Ko adii nde Islaam naatata e ɓaleeri Afrik, taw jokkondiral ene woodno hakkunde mum e  Afrik Bannge-rewo, rewrude e lappi njulaagu Taƴcugol Sahara (Trans-saharien). Julaaɓe ummotonooɓe rewo ɓee ene ngaddatnoo njulaari mum en, ndi ngannduɗaa ene tawetenoo heen ndenndaangal geɗe peewnetenooɗe e diiwaan Mediteraani haa e leyɗeele goɗɗe dow mum. So ɓe njeeyi ɓe comoo ɗoon kadi kaŋŋe e lamɗam, nde tawnoo ko geɗe keewnooɗe no feewi e diiwaan ɓaleeri he. Caggal nde Islaam naati diiwaan o, binndol Arab fuɗɗii saraade e yaajde e nder diiwaan he. Ɗuum ɓeydii jokkondiral, waawde nanondirde e faamondirde; kisal e deeƴre; hoolaare ɓeydii e laabi hee kadi addani jahondiral e njulaagu hakkunde diiwaanuuji ɗiɗi beydaade. Nguun mbayliigu udditii damal naatondiral pine, jillondiral lenyɗi e ƴellitagol pine saarankeeje. Ko e nguun mbayliigu laamu Ganna jibinaa e teemedannde 11bre, ngu wuuri haa e teemedannde 13ɓre laamu woɗngu ɓurngu ngu yaajde e doolnude lomtiingu ene wiyee Joomaandu Mali. Duuɓi teemedde ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum laamu ngoɗngu ene wiyee Sonngaay jogtii araaray e nder Hiirnaange Afrik tuggude e teemedannde 15ɓre haa e nder teemedannde 17ɓre. E hitaande 1596 laamu Marok yani e Sonngay ngam yiɗnoode fawde junngo mum e dow kaŋŋe mayri. Haysinno Marok danyaani heen ko wonno sago mum koo, doole Sonngaay keli, laamu ngu feccii wonti leykon tokoson. Eɗen teskoo ɗiiɗoo joomaanduji fof noon, gaagaa nder keeri majji,eɗi njiimatnoo e laamuuji tokoosi gonɗi e nder diiwaan he ɗi, ɗi njoɓnoo ɗum en kubbal. To bannge fuɗnaage Sonngaay to laamu nana toon ene wiyee Kanem-Borno ene wiyee ko kanngu e Ganna njiƴƴi kono Kanem-Borno wuurii kanum haa e teemedannde 19ɓre. Hakkunde Sonngaay e Kanem-Borno ko ɗoon leydi Hawsa woni. Ko ndi fecciindi e diiwaanuji, heen gooto fof ene laami hoore mum hayso tawi e ɓe mbaɗdi tummbudu ngootaagu. Ene jeyaa e ko teskini e laamuuji jaŋtaaɗi dow ɗii kala, wonde ɗi kannji fof laamuuji nodditirtooɗi Islaam. Hayso keeweendi e yimɓe leyɗeele ɓe ngonaano juulɓe ne, haa ɓuri teeŋtude e dowrinkooɓe ɓe, laamɓe ɓee e ko ɓuri heewde e julankooɓe ɓee ko juulɓe ngonno. Laamuuji ɗi mahinoo ko e mbaydi laamuuji leyɗeele Islaam ɗe no mbaynii. Annduɓe ene ittananoo heen geɗal mawngal kadi jaŋde ene hurumanoo heen no feewi. Laamɓe ɓee ene ngaadorino yahde Makkah ngam hajjoyde rwrude  Ejipta, so e ɓe ngarta ɓe ngaddora defte, heen sahaaji ni ɓe ƴettora toon annduɓe ko wayno  seerenɓe diine ɓe ngadda ɗum en ɓe koɗna ɗum en e nokkuuji maɓɓe mbele ene ɓeyda sarde diine o e yaajnude ganndal e nder leyɗeele maɓɓe. Almudɓe kadi ene ummotonoo e leyɗeele he njaha janngoyde e nder duɗe Islaam mawɗe ɗe kala, ko wayno jaaɓi haaɗtirde Azhar to leydi Ejipt to ngannduɗaa laamuuji ɗi ene njogotnoo toon jipporɗe koye mum en, almudɓe ummiiɓe e nder ɗeen leyɗeele ko heen njippotoo tawa ko laamuji  leyɗeele mum en njaltinatnoo hitaande kala ko ɗiin nokkuuji njogoraa. Diiwaan o e hoore mum duɗe keewɗe, mawɗe, kuɓɓii heen. Ganndal Islaam ene sarino no feewi e nder Bilaad as-Sudaan ummaade e Timbuktu haa fay Fuuta Jalon haa yettoyi Fuuta Tooro jaŋde ene saakinoo heen sanne. Jibinannde E Nehdi Usmaan Dan Foodiyo jibinaa ko e nder wuro wiyeteengo Maratta e nder ngootiri e leyɗeele Hawsankeeɓe wiyeteendi Gobir, nyalnde 29 lewru Safar, hitaande 1168 Fergo Nelaaɗo ene hawra 15 Decembre 1754. Baaba makko Muhammad Foodiyo, ko ganndo kuɓɓuɗo kadi nananooɗo e nder yonta mum e nder leydi Gobir. Ko o pullo tooroodo, galle maɓɓe ko ɓooyɗo anndireede ganndal e diineyankaagal. Ndeen jibinannde sikke alaa, rokki Usmaan fartaŋeeji ɗiɗi: danyde jannginooɓe tawa ko annduɓe dowrowɓe e rontude hurum e teddungal jibnaaɓe makko e nder ngo renndo ngo ganndal ko huunde teddinaande kadi annduɓe ko rokkaaɓe hurum, heɗanteeɓe.   Duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal jibineede Dan Foodiyo, Muhammad Fodiyo e ɓesngu mum eggi ummaaade Maratta ɓe koɗoyi wuro ene wiyee Degel.Nde Usmaan danyi duuɓi naatirɗi jaŋde, baaba makko janngini-mo Qur’aan. O janngi kaɓorɗe e biyeteeɗo Abdu Rahmaan dan Hamada. O dali sariya e juuɗe Usmaan Binndoowo Bakebbi, o janngi e mum fannuji keewɗi ko wayno fiqhu, lugha,nahwu, e gannde bayɗe no hiisa (mathematic),  mbewu (astronomie), walla jime (poesie).  Caggal ɗuum o yahi Agades to ganndo gooto Tuwaareg ene wiyee Seyku (sheikh) Jibriilu ben Omar, ko ceedtanonooɗo ganndal e nder diiwan ɓaleeri hee kala; ene wiyee so omo ɗannotonoo, e nder sate makko heen gelooɗi ɗiɗi ndimndata tan ko defte. Usmaan  woni toon ko Allah haaji, o arti  leydi maɓɓe, o fuɗɗii janngude Tafsiir e juuɗe Hasimiwu Basanfara o jokkitoyi e juuɗe bappaany makko ene wiyee Ahmadu dan Muhammadu Amiinu. Bappaany makko goɗɗo kadi ene wiyee Muhammadu dan Raji, kanum ne janngini-mo ganndal Hadiis.   Seyku Usmaan, sabu ko ndeen innde o ɓurata hankadi anndireede, ko almuudo ceedtanaaɗo welde hakkille e yiɗde ganndal; ko o moƴƴo hakkille baawɗo reende kala ko o jannginaa, jaawɗo faamde. O fuɗɗiima winndude jime e neenewal makko Pulaar gila o suwaa heɓde duuɓi noogaas, ɗuum ene sedto udditaare makko e ganndal e feɗɗitaare makko e binndol gila ko o suka. Nde o heɓi hedde duuɓi noogaas ko ndeen o fuɗɗii waɗtude winndude e Arab, o winndi heen yimre makko arwaniire o mo jaara heen Nelaaɗo. Nde Seyku Usmaan heɓata duuɓi 25 taw o heɓii lijaasa (o rokkaa walla o duwana hono no almudɓe mbiyrata jooni ni), o heɓii yamiroore waɗtude jannginde. Ko ndeen o fuɗɗii jannginde almudɓe, ɓe ene jeyaa heen minyiiko ene wiyee Abdullaahi mo o hecci duuɓi sappo e ɗiɗi. O waɗti kadi waajaade,siftinde yimɓe diine mum en e noddude fayde e diine Allah.  Ɗo seyku Usmaan ɗo noon, duwaneede walla reokkeede lijaasa firtaani gaynude jaŋde hono no almudaagal jooni-ni, alaa, ɗo makko ɗo ko ndeen jaŋde fuɗɗii. Kala ɗo o nannoo ganndo ene hoɗi walla ene yilli e nder diiwaan he o yettoto ɗum, o heɗtoo e mum, wooda ko o ƴoogi e mum. Ene wiyee e ndiin mbaydi o janngii e seerenɓe ko ɓuri teemedere.   == Administrator request == Usee yimɓe Fula, miɗo yiɗi ngam miɗo jaɓɓa hakkille dow Fulfulde Wikipedia ngam tataɓre. Miɗo tammi on hokkata on jaɓugo mon e jaɓugo ma yeeso anndal ngol ngam mi hokke mi fursat go'o ngam mi tokki kuugal ngal belɗum ngam kuɓɓugo Wiki ɗemngal men. Miɗo yetta on ngam walliingo on nder ɗum. Ko'e mon boo. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 06:42, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] has been doing a good job. I support his renewal of adminship. [[User:Harandee|Harandee]] ([[User talk:Harandee|yeewtu]]) 06:58, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :I support the renewal of this request, because the user has been active in discharging his roles as admin. [[User:Awwerl|Awwerl]] ([[User talk:Awwerl|yeewtu]]) 07:01, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :Mi ɗon jaɓana ɓeydaaki daliila ngol, ngam huutorɗo ɗon ɗon waɗugo kuuɗe maako bana adiiminjo. [[User:Zarerh|Zarerh]] ([[User talk:Zarerh|yeewtu]]) 07:05, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :I strongly support this request. [[User:Apdoull|Apdoull]] ([[User talk:Apdoull|yeewtu]]) 07:09, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :O ɗon waɗa gollaaku ngam ɓamtaare Fulfulde Wikipedia. Ngam maajum mi ɗon jaɓɓa ɓeydaaki dabare nde'e, ngam marɗo huutoraade ɗon waɗugo kuuɗe maako bana ardiiɗo. [[User:Fatheema|Fatheema]] ([[User talk:Fatheema|yeewtu]]) 07:15, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :Strong support. I hope @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] can become permanent admin. [[User:Asmiatu|Asmiatu]] ([[User talk:Asmiatu|yeewtu]]) 15:56, 1 Morso 2024 (UTC) == Administrator renewal request == Usee yimɓe Fula, miɗo yiɗi ngam miɗo jaɓɓa hakkille dow Fulfulde Wikipedia ngam tataɓre. Miɗo tammi on hokkata on jaɓugo mon e jaɓugo ma yeeso anndal ngol ngam mi hokke mi fursat go'o ngam mi tokki kuugal ngal belɗum ngam kuɓɓugo Wiki ɗemngal men. Miɗo yetta on ngam walliingo on nder ɗum. Ko'e mon boo.[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 12:19, 29 Duujal 2025 (UTC) :I support the request of @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] for renewal of his administrator right because he helps make ffwiki be in check. [[User:Majalam|Majalam]] ([[User talk:Majalam|yeewtu]]) 18:19, 4 Korse 2025 (UTC) :O ɗon waɗa gollaaku ngam ɓamtaare Fulfulde Wikipedia. Ngam maajum mi ɗon jaɓɓa ɓeydaaki dabare nde'e, ngam marɗo huutoraade ɗon waɗugo kuuɗe maako bana adminjo [[User:Zaynab05|Zaynab05]] ([[User talk:Zaynab05|yeewtu]]) 18:22, 4 Korse 2025 (UTC) :The user @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] has been doing a good job in patrolling new and spam pages. I support his renewal of adminship. [[User:Awwerl|Awwerl]] ([[User talk:Awwerl|yeewtu]]) 18:25, 4 Korse 2025 (UTC) :Ever since I knew him, he has been active in discharging his roles as admin. He become a source of motivation to many us. I endorsed his request for the renewal. [[User:Fati A.J|Fati A.J]] ([[User talk:Fati A.J|yeewtu]]) 18:29, 4 Korse 2025 (UTC) == jime pulaar == ngatamaare [[User:Mamoysane|Mamoysane]] ([[User talk:Mamoysane|yeewtu]]) 22:16, 2 Colte 2026 (UTC) == Shugaba,en makko Fula Wikimedia == Bandirabe am usee yimɓe Fula, miɗo yiɗi ngam miɗo jaɓɓa hakkille dow Fulfulde Wikipedia ngam tataɓre. Miɗo tammi on hokkata on jaɓugo mon e jaɓugo ma yeeso anndal ngol ngam mi hokke mi fursat go'o ngam mi tokki kuugal ngal belɗum ngam kuɓɓugo Wiki ɗemngal men. Miɗo yetta on ngam walliingo on nder ɗum. Ko'e mon boo. Allah seni, on [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 13:45, 25 Korse 2026 (UTC) ny5u4i72msrai1ev500naamp6ayu4pq 176462 176458 2026-06-25T14:11:12Z Adamu mc 10501 /* Shugaba,en makko Fula Wikimedia */ Reply 176462 wikitext text/x-wiki == Usi[[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload Wizard|UploadWizard]] for uploads == [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|right|220px|alt=Wikimedia Commons logo]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello! It was noted that on this wiki you have [[Special:Statistics|less than 10 local files]]. Presumably, you therefore don't have interest nor energies to have [[commons:Category:Licensing templates|hundreds templates]] with the [[mw:Multimedia/Media Viewer/Template compatibility|now required HTML]], even less a local [[m:EDP|EDP]]. However, this means that users here will experience a mostly broken and/or [[wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy|illegal]] uploading. I propose to * '''have [[Special:Upload|local upload]] [[commons:Commons:Turning off local uploads|restricted]]''' to the "{{int:group-sysop}}" group (for emergency uploads) and * the '''sidebar point to [[commons:Special:UploadWizard]]''', so that you can avoid local maintenance and all users can have a functioning, easy upload interface [[translatewiki:Special:Translate/ext-uploadwizard|in their own language]]. All registered users can upload on Commons and [[Special:ListFiles|existing files]] will not be affected. I'll get this done in one week from now. # If you disagree with the proposal, just [[m:User:Nemo bis/Unused local uploads|remove your wiki from the list]]. # To make the UploadWizard even better, please tell your experience and ideas on [[commons:Commons:Upload Wizard feedback]]. [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 19 Duujal 2014 à 20:38 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Nemo bis@metawiki en utilisant la liste à http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Nemo_bis/Unused_local_uploads&oldid=8578536 --> == Pulaagu, Islaam e Ganndal: Daarto Seyhu Usmaan Ɓiy Foodiyo == Sayku Usmaan Ɓiy Foodiyo ko gooto e mujaddid en ɓurɓe teskeede e nder daartol Islaam haa ɓuri teeŋtude noon e nder ɓaleeri Afrik. Dan fodio (firti ko ɓiy Foodiyo e hawsankoore) hono no o ɓuri lollirde, ko Pullo jeyaaɗo to leydi Hawsa. Ceerno Maamuudu Jah mo Pete (Fuuta Tooro) ene wiya ko o Demdemo (yettoode makko ko Dem) kadi iwdi makko ko Jamaa-Alwaali, diiwan Tooro e nder leydi Fuuta Tooro.Hayso ɗuum laatiima ne, tawat ɓe perii ummaade Fuuta fayde leydi Hawsa gila e yontaaji keewɗi. H.A.S. Johnston e nder deftere mum The Fulani Empire of Sokoto ene hollira heen doggol asko maɓɓe hono no ɓe mbinndiri ɗum ni, tuggude e Muusa Jokollo taaniiɓe gadiiɗo arde Birnin Konni e nder leydi Hawsa o haa yettii Muhammadu Foodiyo baaba mum Seyku Usman, taaniraaɓe sappo ene e hakkude he. Tuugnaade e ngoon asko Johnston ene qiimoo gargol lenyol Dan Fodio en e nder leydi Hawsa gila e hitaande 1450. Kanko Johnston o beydi heen haa jooni “ Ko ɗoon ɓe ngonno nde Konu Askiya honi bannge hiirnaage leydi Hawsa, e ɓe tawaa ƴellitagol e jangol laamu Muhammadu Kanta ndaɓɓu balɗe, ɓe nanii kabaaru wonde konu Jukun en nana darii e damal Katsina kadi ɓe ceediima fusgo laamu Zamfara.”  Ko ɓuri faayodin’de ni e jarde teskaade’ o wiy kanko Johnston, “ko kamɓe Fulɓe Toorankaawa (Toorooɓe) en ɓee ngadii Goobiraawa en, hono Hawsankeeɓe askitinteeɓe e nokku he ɓe, hoɗde e nder diiwaan he.” Kala ko waawi heen won’de kam, daartol nguurndam Seyku Usman ɓiy Foodiyo ene aywina daartol Islaam e nder Ɓaleeri Afrik kala, haa ɓuri teeŋtude noon e daartol lenyol Fulɓe ngol ɓe o jeeyaa e nder mum en ngol.  Islaam e nder Ɓaleeri Afrik Fulɓe ene njeyaa e lenyɗi Hiirnaange Afrik gadiiɗi naatde e nder diine Islaam. Daartiyankooɓe Arabeeɓe ko wayno Al Bakri, Al-Idriisi walla Ibnu Batuuta en fof ene ceedo jaajgol Islaam e nder Fuuta Tooro (Takrur) gila e teemedannde 11ɓre. Pergol Fulɓe aynaaɓe heewɓe ummaade Fuuta Tooro fayde fuɗnaange e naatondiral maɓɓe toon e lenyɗi goɗɗi Afriknaaji juulɓe, ko wayno Manndiŋkeeɓe e Hawsankeeɓe, ɓeydiima tiiɗtindeɓe e nder Islaam e saanga nde yoga e maɓɓe mbaɗti hoɗde e wuurde nguurndam saareyeejam. Nde tawnoo diine e pinal Islaam ko kanum ɓurnoo battinde e yiytinaade e nder saareeji Bilad as-Sudaan.   Bilaad as-Sudaan, hono no daartiyankeeɓe Islaamyankeeɓe adanɓe ɓe noddiratnoo ɓaleeri Afrik ni, ko cirfol worgo sahara tuggude e Maayo Atlantik to banngo hiirnaange haa yettii Mayo Woɗewo to bannge fuɗnaange. Wiyaama Islaam fuɗɗiima naatde e nder diiwaan he gila e teemedannde 8ɓre. Ko adii nde Islaam naatata e ɓaleeri Afrik, taw jokkondiral ene woodno hakkunde mum e  Afrik Bannge-rewo, rewrude e lappi njulaagu Taƴcugol Sahara (Trans-saharien). Julaaɓe ummotonooɓe rewo ɓee ene ngaddatnoo njulaari mum en, ndi ngannduɗaa ene tawetenoo heen ndenndaangal geɗe peewnetenooɗe e diiwaan Mediteraani haa e leyɗeele goɗɗe dow mum. So ɓe njeeyi ɓe comoo ɗoon kadi kaŋŋe e lamɗam, nde tawnoo ko geɗe keewnooɗe no feewi e diiwaan ɓaleeri he. Caggal nde Islaam naati diiwaan o, binndol Arab fuɗɗii saraade e yaajde e nder diiwaan he. Ɗuum ɓeydii jokkondiral, waawde nanondirde e faamondirde; kisal e deeƴre; hoolaare ɓeydii e laabi hee kadi addani jahondiral e njulaagu hakkunde diiwaanuuji ɗiɗi beydaade. Nguun mbayliigu udditii damal naatondiral pine, jillondiral lenyɗi e ƴellitagol pine saarankeeje. Ko e nguun mbayliigu laamu Ganna jibinaa e teemedannde 11bre, ngu wuuri haa e teemedannde 13ɓre laamu woɗngu ɓurngu ngu yaajde e doolnude lomtiingu ene wiyee Joomaandu Mali. Duuɓi teemedde ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum laamu ngoɗngu ene wiyee Sonngaay jogtii araaray e nder Hiirnaange Afrik tuggude e teemedannde 15ɓre haa e nder teemedannde 17ɓre. E hitaande 1596 laamu Marok yani e Sonngay ngam yiɗnoode fawde junngo mum e dow kaŋŋe mayri. Haysinno Marok danyaani heen ko wonno sago mum koo, doole Sonngaay keli, laamu ngu feccii wonti leykon tokoson. Eɗen teskoo ɗiiɗoo joomaanduji fof noon, gaagaa nder keeri majji,eɗi njiimatnoo e laamuuji tokoosi gonɗi e nder diiwaan he ɗi, ɗi njoɓnoo ɗum en kubbal. To bannge fuɗnaage Sonngaay to laamu nana toon ene wiyee Kanem-Borno ene wiyee ko kanngu e Ganna njiƴƴi kono Kanem-Borno wuurii kanum haa e teemedannde 19ɓre. Hakkunde Sonngaay e Kanem-Borno ko ɗoon leydi Hawsa woni. Ko ndi fecciindi e diiwaanuji, heen gooto fof ene laami hoore mum hayso tawi e ɓe mbaɗdi tummbudu ngootaagu. Ene jeyaa e ko teskini e laamuuji jaŋtaaɗi dow ɗii kala, wonde ɗi kannji fof laamuuji nodditirtooɗi Islaam. Hayso keeweendi e yimɓe leyɗeele ɓe ngonaano juulɓe ne, haa ɓuri teeŋtude e dowrinkooɓe ɓe, laamɓe ɓee e ko ɓuri heewde e julankooɓe ɓee ko juulɓe ngonno. Laamuuji ɗi mahinoo ko e mbaydi laamuuji leyɗeele Islaam ɗe no mbaynii. Annduɓe ene ittananoo heen geɗal mawngal kadi jaŋde ene hurumanoo heen no feewi. Laamɓe ɓee ene ngaadorino yahde Makkah ngam hajjoyde rwrude  Ejipta, so e ɓe ngarta ɓe ngaddora defte, heen sahaaji ni ɓe ƴettora toon annduɓe ko wayno  seerenɓe diine ɓe ngadda ɗum en ɓe koɗna ɗum en e nokkuuji maɓɓe mbele ene ɓeyda sarde diine o e yaajnude ganndal e nder leyɗeele maɓɓe. Almudɓe kadi ene ummotonoo e leyɗeele he njaha janngoyde e nder duɗe Islaam mawɗe ɗe kala, ko wayno jaaɓi haaɗtirde Azhar to leydi Ejipt to ngannduɗaa laamuuji ɗi ene njogotnoo toon jipporɗe koye mum en, almudɓe ummiiɓe e nder ɗeen leyɗeele ko heen njippotoo tawa ko laamuji  leyɗeele mum en njaltinatnoo hitaande kala ko ɗiin nokkuuji njogoraa. Diiwaan o e hoore mum duɗe keewɗe, mawɗe, kuɓɓii heen. Ganndal Islaam ene sarino no feewi e nder Bilaad as-Sudaan ummaade e Timbuktu haa fay Fuuta Jalon haa yettoyi Fuuta Tooro jaŋde ene saakinoo heen sanne. Jibinannde E Nehdi Usmaan Dan Foodiyo jibinaa ko e nder wuro wiyeteengo Maratta e nder ngootiri e leyɗeele Hawsankeeɓe wiyeteendi Gobir, nyalnde 29 lewru Safar, hitaande 1168 Fergo Nelaaɗo ene hawra 15 Decembre 1754. Baaba makko Muhammad Foodiyo, ko ganndo kuɓɓuɗo kadi nananooɗo e nder yonta mum e nder leydi Gobir. Ko o pullo tooroodo, galle maɓɓe ko ɓooyɗo anndireede ganndal e diineyankaagal. Ndeen jibinannde sikke alaa, rokki Usmaan fartaŋeeji ɗiɗi: danyde jannginooɓe tawa ko annduɓe dowrowɓe e rontude hurum e teddungal jibnaaɓe makko e nder ngo renndo ngo ganndal ko huunde teddinaande kadi annduɓe ko rokkaaɓe hurum, heɗanteeɓe.   Duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal jibineede Dan Foodiyo, Muhammad Fodiyo e ɓesngu mum eggi ummaaade Maratta ɓe koɗoyi wuro ene wiyee Degel.Nde Usmaan danyi duuɓi naatirɗi jaŋde, baaba makko janngini-mo Qur’aan. O janngi kaɓorɗe e biyeteeɗo Abdu Rahmaan dan Hamada. O dali sariya e juuɗe Usmaan Binndoowo Bakebbi, o janngi e mum fannuji keewɗi ko wayno fiqhu, lugha,nahwu, e gannde bayɗe no hiisa (mathematic),  mbewu (astronomie), walla jime (poesie).  Caggal ɗuum o yahi Agades to ganndo gooto Tuwaareg ene wiyee Seyku (sheikh) Jibriilu ben Omar, ko ceedtanonooɗo ganndal e nder diiwan ɓaleeri hee kala; ene wiyee so omo ɗannotonoo, e nder sate makko heen gelooɗi ɗiɗi ndimndata tan ko defte. Usmaan  woni toon ko Allah haaji, o arti  leydi maɓɓe, o fuɗɗii janngude Tafsiir e juuɗe Hasimiwu Basanfara o jokkitoyi e juuɗe bappaany makko ene wiyee Ahmadu dan Muhammadu Amiinu. Bappaany makko goɗɗo kadi ene wiyee Muhammadu dan Raji, kanum ne janngini-mo ganndal Hadiis.   Seyku Usmaan, sabu ko ndeen innde o ɓurata hankadi anndireede, ko almuudo ceedtanaaɗo welde hakkille e yiɗde ganndal; ko o moƴƴo hakkille baawɗo reende kala ko o jannginaa, jaawɗo faamde. O fuɗɗiima winndude jime e neenewal makko Pulaar gila o suwaa heɓde duuɓi noogaas, ɗuum ene sedto udditaare makko e ganndal e feɗɗitaare makko e binndol gila ko o suka. Nde o heɓi hedde duuɓi noogaas ko ndeen o fuɗɗii waɗtude winndude e Arab, o winndi heen yimre makko arwaniire o mo jaara heen Nelaaɗo. Nde Seyku Usmaan heɓata duuɓi 25 taw o heɓii lijaasa (o rokkaa walla o duwana hono no almudɓe mbiyrata jooni ni), o heɓii yamiroore waɗtude jannginde. Ko ndeen o fuɗɗii jannginde almudɓe, ɓe ene jeyaa heen minyiiko ene wiyee Abdullaahi mo o hecci duuɓi sappo e ɗiɗi. O waɗti kadi waajaade,siftinde yimɓe diine mum en e noddude fayde e diine Allah.  Ɗo seyku Usmaan ɗo noon, duwaneede walla reokkeede lijaasa firtaani gaynude jaŋde hono no almudaagal jooni-ni, alaa, ɗo makko ɗo ko ndeen jaŋde fuɗɗii. Kala ɗo o nannoo ganndo ene hoɗi walla ene yilli e nder diiwaan he o yettoto ɗum, o heɗtoo e mum, wooda ko o ƴoogi e mum. Ene wiyee e ndiin mbaydi o janngii e seerenɓe ko ɓuri teemedere.   == Administrator request == Usee yimɓe Fula, miɗo yiɗi ngam miɗo jaɓɓa hakkille dow Fulfulde Wikipedia ngam tataɓre. Miɗo tammi on hokkata on jaɓugo mon e jaɓugo ma yeeso anndal ngol ngam mi hokke mi fursat go'o ngam mi tokki kuugal ngal belɗum ngam kuɓɓugo Wiki ɗemngal men. Miɗo yetta on ngam walliingo on nder ɗum. Ko'e mon boo. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 06:42, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] has been doing a good job. I support his renewal of adminship. [[User:Harandee|Harandee]] ([[User talk:Harandee|yeewtu]]) 06:58, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :I support the renewal of this request, because the user has been active in discharging his roles as admin. [[User:Awwerl|Awwerl]] ([[User talk:Awwerl|yeewtu]]) 07:01, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :Mi ɗon jaɓana ɓeydaaki daliila ngol, ngam huutorɗo ɗon ɗon waɗugo kuuɗe maako bana adiiminjo. [[User:Zarerh|Zarerh]] ([[User talk:Zarerh|yeewtu]]) 07:05, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :I strongly support this request. [[User:Apdoull|Apdoull]] ([[User talk:Apdoull|yeewtu]]) 07:09, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :O ɗon waɗa gollaaku ngam ɓamtaare Fulfulde Wikipedia. Ngam maajum mi ɗon jaɓɓa ɓeydaaki dabare nde'e, ngam marɗo huutoraade ɗon waɗugo kuuɗe maako bana ardiiɗo. [[User:Fatheema|Fatheema]] ([[User talk:Fatheema|yeewtu]]) 07:15, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :Strong support. I hope @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] can become permanent admin. [[User:Asmiatu|Asmiatu]] ([[User talk:Asmiatu|yeewtu]]) 15:56, 1 Morso 2024 (UTC) == Administrator renewal request == Usee yimɓe Fula, miɗo yiɗi ngam miɗo jaɓɓa hakkille dow Fulfulde Wikipedia ngam tataɓre. Miɗo tammi on hokkata on jaɓugo mon e jaɓugo ma yeeso anndal ngol ngam mi hokke mi fursat go'o ngam mi tokki kuugal ngal belɗum ngam kuɓɓugo Wiki ɗemngal men. Miɗo yetta on ngam walliingo on nder ɗum. Ko'e mon boo.[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 12:19, 29 Duujal 2025 (UTC) :I support the request of @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] for renewal of his administrator right because he helps make ffwiki be in check. [[User:Majalam|Majalam]] ([[User talk:Majalam|yeewtu]]) 18:19, 4 Korse 2025 (UTC) :O ɗon waɗa gollaaku ngam ɓamtaare Fulfulde Wikipedia. Ngam maajum mi ɗon jaɓɓa ɓeydaaki dabare nde'e, ngam marɗo huutoraade ɗon waɗugo kuuɗe maako bana adminjo [[User:Zaynab05|Zaynab05]] ([[User talk:Zaynab05|yeewtu]]) 18:22, 4 Korse 2025 (UTC) :The user @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] has been doing a good job in patrolling new and spam pages. I support his renewal of adminship. [[User:Awwerl|Awwerl]] ([[User talk:Awwerl|yeewtu]]) 18:25, 4 Korse 2025 (UTC) :Ever since I knew him, he has been active in discharging his roles as admin. He become a source of motivation to many us. I endorsed his request for the renewal. [[User:Fati A.J|Fati A.J]] ([[User talk:Fati A.J|yeewtu]]) 18:29, 4 Korse 2025 (UTC) == jime pulaar == ngatamaare [[User:Mamoysane|Mamoysane]] ([[User talk:Mamoysane|yeewtu]]) 22:16, 2 Colte 2026 (UTC) == Shugaba,en makko Fula Wikimedia == Bandirabe am usee yimɓe Fula, miɗo yiɗi ngam miɗo jaɓɓa hakkille dow Fulfulde Wikipedia ngam tataɓre. Miɗo tammi on hokkata on jaɓugo mon e jaɓugo ma yeeso anndal ngol ngam mi hokke mi fursat go'o ngam mi tokki kuugal ngal belɗum ngam kuɓɓugo Wiki ɗemngal men. Miɗo yetta on ngam walliingo on nder ɗum. Ko'e mon boo. Allah seni, on [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 13:45, 25 Korse 2026 (UTC) :mii ɓawitee e saɓɓe ɗingo [[User:Adamu mc|Adamu mc]] ([[User talk:Adamu mc|yeewtu]]) 14:11, 25 Korse 2026 (UTC) sgtjsdtm6y521fw8h47qggekjsk2ipu 176484 176462 2026-06-25T18:16:11Z Umargana1 8244 /* Shugaba,en makko Fula Wikimedia */ Reply 176484 wikitext text/x-wiki == Usi[[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload Wizard|UploadWizard]] for uploads == [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|right|220px|alt=Wikimedia Commons logo]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello! It was noted that on this wiki you have [[Special:Statistics|less than 10 local files]]. Presumably, you therefore don't have interest nor energies to have [[commons:Category:Licensing templates|hundreds templates]] with the [[mw:Multimedia/Media Viewer/Template compatibility|now required HTML]], even less a local [[m:EDP|EDP]]. However, this means that users here will experience a mostly broken and/or [[wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy|illegal]] uploading. I propose to * '''have [[Special:Upload|local upload]] [[commons:Commons:Turning off local uploads|restricted]]''' to the "{{int:group-sysop}}" group (for emergency uploads) and * the '''sidebar point to [[commons:Special:UploadWizard]]''', so that you can avoid local maintenance and all users can have a functioning, easy upload interface [[translatewiki:Special:Translate/ext-uploadwizard|in their own language]]. All registered users can upload on Commons and [[Special:ListFiles|existing files]] will not be affected. I'll get this done in one week from now. # If you disagree with the proposal, just [[m:User:Nemo bis/Unused local uploads|remove your wiki from the list]]. # To make the UploadWizard even better, please tell your experience and ideas on [[commons:Commons:Upload Wizard feedback]]. [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 19 Duujal 2014 à 20:38 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Nemo bis@metawiki en utilisant la liste à http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Nemo_bis/Unused_local_uploads&oldid=8578536 --> == Pulaagu, Islaam e Ganndal: Daarto Seyhu Usmaan Ɓiy Foodiyo == Sayku Usmaan Ɓiy Foodiyo ko gooto e mujaddid en ɓurɓe teskeede e nder daartol Islaam haa ɓuri teeŋtude noon e nder ɓaleeri Afrik. Dan fodio (firti ko ɓiy Foodiyo e hawsankoore) hono no o ɓuri lollirde, ko Pullo jeyaaɗo to leydi Hawsa. Ceerno Maamuudu Jah mo Pete (Fuuta Tooro) ene wiya ko o Demdemo (yettoode makko ko Dem) kadi iwdi makko ko Jamaa-Alwaali, diiwan Tooro e nder leydi Fuuta Tooro.Hayso ɗuum laatiima ne, tawat ɓe perii ummaade Fuuta fayde leydi Hawsa gila e yontaaji keewɗi. H.A.S. Johnston e nder deftere mum The Fulani Empire of Sokoto ene hollira heen doggol asko maɓɓe hono no ɓe mbinndiri ɗum ni, tuggude e Muusa Jokollo taaniiɓe gadiiɗo arde Birnin Konni e nder leydi Hawsa o haa yettii Muhammadu Foodiyo baaba mum Seyku Usman, taaniraaɓe sappo ene e hakkude he. Tuugnaade e ngoon asko Johnston ene qiimoo gargol lenyol Dan Fodio en e nder leydi Hawsa gila e hitaande 1450. Kanko Johnston o beydi heen haa jooni “ Ko ɗoon ɓe ngonno nde Konu Askiya honi bannge hiirnaage leydi Hawsa, e ɓe tawaa ƴellitagol e jangol laamu Muhammadu Kanta ndaɓɓu balɗe, ɓe nanii kabaaru wonde konu Jukun en nana darii e damal Katsina kadi ɓe ceediima fusgo laamu Zamfara.”  Ko ɓuri faayodin’de ni e jarde teskaade’ o wiy kanko Johnston, “ko kamɓe Fulɓe Toorankaawa (Toorooɓe) en ɓee ngadii Goobiraawa en, hono Hawsankeeɓe askitinteeɓe e nokku he ɓe, hoɗde e nder diiwaan he.” Kala ko waawi heen won’de kam, daartol nguurndam Seyku Usman ɓiy Foodiyo ene aywina daartol Islaam e nder Ɓaleeri Afrik kala, haa ɓuri teeŋtude noon e daartol lenyol Fulɓe ngol ɓe o jeeyaa e nder mum en ngol.  Islaam e nder Ɓaleeri Afrik Fulɓe ene njeyaa e lenyɗi Hiirnaange Afrik gadiiɗi naatde e nder diine Islaam. Daartiyankooɓe Arabeeɓe ko wayno Al Bakri, Al-Idriisi walla Ibnu Batuuta en fof ene ceedo jaajgol Islaam e nder Fuuta Tooro (Takrur) gila e teemedannde 11ɓre. Pergol Fulɓe aynaaɓe heewɓe ummaade Fuuta Tooro fayde fuɗnaange e naatondiral maɓɓe toon e lenyɗi goɗɗi Afriknaaji juulɓe, ko wayno Manndiŋkeeɓe e Hawsankeeɓe, ɓeydiima tiiɗtindeɓe e nder Islaam e saanga nde yoga e maɓɓe mbaɗti hoɗde e wuurde nguurndam saareyeejam. Nde tawnoo diine e pinal Islaam ko kanum ɓurnoo battinde e yiytinaade e nder saareeji Bilad as-Sudaan.   Bilaad as-Sudaan, hono no daartiyankeeɓe Islaamyankeeɓe adanɓe ɓe noddiratnoo ɓaleeri Afrik ni, ko cirfol worgo sahara tuggude e Maayo Atlantik to banngo hiirnaange haa yettii Mayo Woɗewo to bannge fuɗnaange. Wiyaama Islaam fuɗɗiima naatde e nder diiwaan he gila e teemedannde 8ɓre. Ko adii nde Islaam naatata e ɓaleeri Afrik, taw jokkondiral ene woodno hakkunde mum e  Afrik Bannge-rewo, rewrude e lappi njulaagu Taƴcugol Sahara (Trans-saharien). Julaaɓe ummotonooɓe rewo ɓee ene ngaddatnoo njulaari mum en, ndi ngannduɗaa ene tawetenoo heen ndenndaangal geɗe peewnetenooɗe e diiwaan Mediteraani haa e leyɗeele goɗɗe dow mum. So ɓe njeeyi ɓe comoo ɗoon kadi kaŋŋe e lamɗam, nde tawnoo ko geɗe keewnooɗe no feewi e diiwaan ɓaleeri he. Caggal nde Islaam naati diiwaan o, binndol Arab fuɗɗii saraade e yaajde e nder diiwaan he. Ɗuum ɓeydii jokkondiral, waawde nanondirde e faamondirde; kisal e deeƴre; hoolaare ɓeydii e laabi hee kadi addani jahondiral e njulaagu hakkunde diiwaanuuji ɗiɗi beydaade. Nguun mbayliigu udditii damal naatondiral pine, jillondiral lenyɗi e ƴellitagol pine saarankeeje. Ko e nguun mbayliigu laamu Ganna jibinaa e teemedannde 11bre, ngu wuuri haa e teemedannde 13ɓre laamu woɗngu ɓurngu ngu yaajde e doolnude lomtiingu ene wiyee Joomaandu Mali. Duuɓi teemedde ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum laamu ngoɗngu ene wiyee Sonngaay jogtii araaray e nder Hiirnaange Afrik tuggude e teemedannde 15ɓre haa e nder teemedannde 17ɓre. E hitaande 1596 laamu Marok yani e Sonngay ngam yiɗnoode fawde junngo mum e dow kaŋŋe mayri. Haysinno Marok danyaani heen ko wonno sago mum koo, doole Sonngaay keli, laamu ngu feccii wonti leykon tokoson. Eɗen teskoo ɗiiɗoo joomaanduji fof noon, gaagaa nder keeri majji,eɗi njiimatnoo e laamuuji tokoosi gonɗi e nder diiwaan he ɗi, ɗi njoɓnoo ɗum en kubbal. To bannge fuɗnaage Sonngaay to laamu nana toon ene wiyee Kanem-Borno ene wiyee ko kanngu e Ganna njiƴƴi kono Kanem-Borno wuurii kanum haa e teemedannde 19ɓre. Hakkunde Sonngaay e Kanem-Borno ko ɗoon leydi Hawsa woni. Ko ndi fecciindi e diiwaanuji, heen gooto fof ene laami hoore mum hayso tawi e ɓe mbaɗdi tummbudu ngootaagu. Ene jeyaa e ko teskini e laamuuji jaŋtaaɗi dow ɗii kala, wonde ɗi kannji fof laamuuji nodditirtooɗi Islaam. Hayso keeweendi e yimɓe leyɗeele ɓe ngonaano juulɓe ne, haa ɓuri teeŋtude e dowrinkooɓe ɓe, laamɓe ɓee e ko ɓuri heewde e julankooɓe ɓee ko juulɓe ngonno. Laamuuji ɗi mahinoo ko e mbaydi laamuuji leyɗeele Islaam ɗe no mbaynii. Annduɓe ene ittananoo heen geɗal mawngal kadi jaŋde ene hurumanoo heen no feewi. Laamɓe ɓee ene ngaadorino yahde Makkah ngam hajjoyde rwrude  Ejipta, so e ɓe ngarta ɓe ngaddora defte, heen sahaaji ni ɓe ƴettora toon annduɓe ko wayno  seerenɓe diine ɓe ngadda ɗum en ɓe koɗna ɗum en e nokkuuji maɓɓe mbele ene ɓeyda sarde diine o e yaajnude ganndal e nder leyɗeele maɓɓe. Almudɓe kadi ene ummotonoo e leyɗeele he njaha janngoyde e nder duɗe Islaam mawɗe ɗe kala, ko wayno jaaɓi haaɗtirde Azhar to leydi Ejipt to ngannduɗaa laamuuji ɗi ene njogotnoo toon jipporɗe koye mum en, almudɓe ummiiɓe e nder ɗeen leyɗeele ko heen njippotoo tawa ko laamuji  leyɗeele mum en njaltinatnoo hitaande kala ko ɗiin nokkuuji njogoraa. Diiwaan o e hoore mum duɗe keewɗe, mawɗe, kuɓɓii heen. Ganndal Islaam ene sarino no feewi e nder Bilaad as-Sudaan ummaade e Timbuktu haa fay Fuuta Jalon haa yettoyi Fuuta Tooro jaŋde ene saakinoo heen sanne. Jibinannde E Nehdi Usmaan Dan Foodiyo jibinaa ko e nder wuro wiyeteengo Maratta e nder ngootiri e leyɗeele Hawsankeeɓe wiyeteendi Gobir, nyalnde 29 lewru Safar, hitaande 1168 Fergo Nelaaɗo ene hawra 15 Decembre 1754. Baaba makko Muhammad Foodiyo, ko ganndo kuɓɓuɗo kadi nananooɗo e nder yonta mum e nder leydi Gobir. Ko o pullo tooroodo, galle maɓɓe ko ɓooyɗo anndireede ganndal e diineyankaagal. Ndeen jibinannde sikke alaa, rokki Usmaan fartaŋeeji ɗiɗi: danyde jannginooɓe tawa ko annduɓe dowrowɓe e rontude hurum e teddungal jibnaaɓe makko e nder ngo renndo ngo ganndal ko huunde teddinaande kadi annduɓe ko rokkaaɓe hurum, heɗanteeɓe.   Duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal jibineede Dan Foodiyo, Muhammad Fodiyo e ɓesngu mum eggi ummaaade Maratta ɓe koɗoyi wuro ene wiyee Degel.Nde Usmaan danyi duuɓi naatirɗi jaŋde, baaba makko janngini-mo Qur’aan. O janngi kaɓorɗe e biyeteeɗo Abdu Rahmaan dan Hamada. O dali sariya e juuɗe Usmaan Binndoowo Bakebbi, o janngi e mum fannuji keewɗi ko wayno fiqhu, lugha,nahwu, e gannde bayɗe no hiisa (mathematic),  mbewu (astronomie), walla jime (poesie).  Caggal ɗuum o yahi Agades to ganndo gooto Tuwaareg ene wiyee Seyku (sheikh) Jibriilu ben Omar, ko ceedtanonooɗo ganndal e nder diiwan ɓaleeri hee kala; ene wiyee so omo ɗannotonoo, e nder sate makko heen gelooɗi ɗiɗi ndimndata tan ko defte. Usmaan  woni toon ko Allah haaji, o arti  leydi maɓɓe, o fuɗɗii janngude Tafsiir e juuɗe Hasimiwu Basanfara o jokkitoyi e juuɗe bappaany makko ene wiyee Ahmadu dan Muhammadu Amiinu. Bappaany makko goɗɗo kadi ene wiyee Muhammadu dan Raji, kanum ne janngini-mo ganndal Hadiis.   Seyku Usmaan, sabu ko ndeen innde o ɓurata hankadi anndireede, ko almuudo ceedtanaaɗo welde hakkille e yiɗde ganndal; ko o moƴƴo hakkille baawɗo reende kala ko o jannginaa, jaawɗo faamde. O fuɗɗiima winndude jime e neenewal makko Pulaar gila o suwaa heɓde duuɓi noogaas, ɗuum ene sedto udditaare makko e ganndal e feɗɗitaare makko e binndol gila ko o suka. Nde o heɓi hedde duuɓi noogaas ko ndeen o fuɗɗii waɗtude winndude e Arab, o winndi heen yimre makko arwaniire o mo jaara heen Nelaaɗo. Nde Seyku Usmaan heɓata duuɓi 25 taw o heɓii lijaasa (o rokkaa walla o duwana hono no almudɓe mbiyrata jooni ni), o heɓii yamiroore waɗtude jannginde. Ko ndeen o fuɗɗii jannginde almudɓe, ɓe ene jeyaa heen minyiiko ene wiyee Abdullaahi mo o hecci duuɓi sappo e ɗiɗi. O waɗti kadi waajaade,siftinde yimɓe diine mum en e noddude fayde e diine Allah.  Ɗo seyku Usmaan ɗo noon, duwaneede walla reokkeede lijaasa firtaani gaynude jaŋde hono no almudaagal jooni-ni, alaa, ɗo makko ɗo ko ndeen jaŋde fuɗɗii. Kala ɗo o nannoo ganndo ene hoɗi walla ene yilli e nder diiwaan he o yettoto ɗum, o heɗtoo e mum, wooda ko o ƴoogi e mum. Ene wiyee e ndiin mbaydi o janngii e seerenɓe ko ɓuri teemedere.   == Administrator request == Usee yimɓe Fula, miɗo yiɗi ngam miɗo jaɓɓa hakkille dow Fulfulde Wikipedia ngam tataɓre. Miɗo tammi on hokkata on jaɓugo mon e jaɓugo ma yeeso anndal ngol ngam mi hokke mi fursat go'o ngam mi tokki kuugal ngal belɗum ngam kuɓɓugo Wiki ɗemngal men. Miɗo yetta on ngam walliingo on nder ɗum. Ko'e mon boo. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 06:42, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] has been doing a good job. I support his renewal of adminship. [[User:Harandee|Harandee]] ([[User talk:Harandee|yeewtu]]) 06:58, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :I support the renewal of this request, because the user has been active in discharging his roles as admin. [[User:Awwerl|Awwerl]] ([[User talk:Awwerl|yeewtu]]) 07:01, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :Mi ɗon jaɓana ɓeydaaki daliila ngol, ngam huutorɗo ɗon ɗon waɗugo kuuɗe maako bana adiiminjo. [[User:Zarerh|Zarerh]] ([[User talk:Zarerh|yeewtu]]) 07:05, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :I strongly support this request. [[User:Apdoull|Apdoull]] ([[User talk:Apdoull|yeewtu]]) 07:09, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :O ɗon waɗa gollaaku ngam ɓamtaare Fulfulde Wikipedia. Ngam maajum mi ɗon jaɓɓa ɓeydaaki dabare nde'e, ngam marɗo huutoraade ɗon waɗugo kuuɗe maako bana ardiiɗo. [[User:Fatheema|Fatheema]] ([[User talk:Fatheema|yeewtu]]) 07:15, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) :Strong support. I hope @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] can become permanent admin. [[User:Asmiatu|Asmiatu]] ([[User talk:Asmiatu|yeewtu]]) 15:56, 1 Morso 2024 (UTC) == Administrator renewal request == Usee yimɓe Fula, miɗo yiɗi ngam miɗo jaɓɓa hakkille dow Fulfulde Wikipedia ngam tataɓre. Miɗo tammi on hokkata on jaɓugo mon e jaɓugo ma yeeso anndal ngol ngam mi hokke mi fursat go'o ngam mi tokki kuugal ngal belɗum ngam kuɓɓugo Wiki ɗemngal men. Miɗo yetta on ngam walliingo on nder ɗum. Ko'e mon boo.[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 12:19, 29 Duujal 2025 (UTC) :I support the request of @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] for renewal of his administrator right because he helps make ffwiki be in check. [[User:Majalam|Majalam]] ([[User talk:Majalam|yeewtu]]) 18:19, 4 Korse 2025 (UTC) :O ɗon waɗa gollaaku ngam ɓamtaare Fulfulde Wikipedia. Ngam maajum mi ɗon jaɓɓa ɓeydaaki dabare nde'e, ngam marɗo huutoraade ɗon waɗugo kuuɗe maako bana adminjo [[User:Zaynab05|Zaynab05]] ([[User talk:Zaynab05|yeewtu]]) 18:22, 4 Korse 2025 (UTC) :The user @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] has been doing a good job in patrolling new and spam pages. I support his renewal of adminship. [[User:Awwerl|Awwerl]] ([[User talk:Awwerl|yeewtu]]) 18:25, 4 Korse 2025 (UTC) :Ever since I knew him, he has been active in discharging his roles as admin. He become a source of motivation to many us. I endorsed his request for the renewal. [[User:Fati A.J|Fati A.J]] ([[User talk:Fati A.J|yeewtu]]) 18:29, 4 Korse 2025 (UTC) == jime pulaar == ngatamaare [[User:Mamoysane|Mamoysane]] ([[User talk:Mamoysane|yeewtu]]) 22:16, 2 Colte 2026 (UTC) == Shugaba,en makko Fula Wikimedia == Bandirabe am usee yimɓe Fula, miɗo yiɗi ngam miɗo jaɓɓa hakkille dow Fulfulde Wikipedia ngam tataɓre. Miɗo tammi on hokkata on jaɓugo mon e jaɓugo ma yeeso anndal ngol ngam mi hokke mi fursat go'o ngam mi tokki kuugal ngal belɗum ngam kuɓɓugo Wiki ɗemngal men. Miɗo yetta on ngam walliingo on nder ɗum. Ko'e mon boo. Allah seni, on [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 13:45, 25 Korse 2026 (UTC) :mii ɓawitee e saɓɓe ɗingo [[User:Adamu mc|Adamu mc]] ([[User talk:Adamu mc|yeewtu]]) 14:11, 25 Korse 2026 (UTC) :strongly support [[User:Umargana1|Umargana1]] ([[User talk:Umargana1|yeewtu]]) 18:16, 25 Korse 2026 (UTC) p1396zhzra1qfh3rckkpr01ozlsxtao 0 42555 176453 2026-06-25T12:51:58Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176453 wikitext text/x-wiki Peter Leja Igbodor (jibinaa ko 17 lewru juko hitaande 1962) ko siyaasyanke mo leydi Naajeeriya, mo lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya fuu. O wakiili Ogoja/Yala haa asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya diga 1999 haa 2007. Tuugnorgal 7oh4kezfuucyrcj1blulbz55vn6ixa5 176454 176453 2026-06-25T12:55:01Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176454 wikitext text/x-wiki Peter Leja Igbodor (jibinaa ko 17 lewru juko hitaande 1962) ko siyaasyanke mo leydi Naajeeriya, mo lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya fuu. O wakiili Ogoja/Yala haa asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya diga 1999 haa 2007. {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal rwdkmpo64fqr71dfvzvtitu6r80z9g1 176456 176454 2026-06-25T13:14:45Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176456 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Leja Igbodor''' (jibinaa ko 17 lewru juko hitaande 1962) ko siyaasyanke mo leydi Naajeeriya, mo lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya fuu. O wakiili Ogoja/Yala haa asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya diga 1999 haa 2007. {{Databox}} == Tuugnorgal == h51ivjlhmqd7xtsspz53erzof64o7d7 0 42556 176459 2026-06-25T14:08:26Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342562936|Chike Obi]]" 176459 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chike Obi''' // c (17 abriil 1921 – 13 mars 2008) ko politikyanke, hiisiwal e porfeseer Nijeernaajo. Chike Obi woni Najeriyaajo gadano heɓugo dipolom Doktoraa nder limngal. Wiɗtooji Obi gadani ɗii ɓuri yowitaade ko e naamnal woodgol kuutorɗe sahaa e sahaa fof e pottitte ceertuɗe gaadoraaɗe ɗe ngonaa dogduɗe. O huutoriima no feewi karallaagal perturbation, binndanɗe makko keewɗe mballitii no feewi e ƴellitde nafoore wiɗtooji e ndeeɗoo fannu e nder winndere ndee kala, ɗe ngonti kadi binndanɗe teskinɗe e nder binndol. Obi woni binnduɗo defte e jaayndeeji keewɗi ko faati e hiisawal e politik leydi Najeriya. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Obi janngi haa nokkuuje feere feere nder [[Naajeeriya|lesdi Naajeeriya]] ko adii o jannga hiisawal bana janngoowo yaasi haa jangirde mawnde nde London . Ɗoon e ɗoon caggal nde o heɓi dipolom makko gadano, o dañi bursi ngam waɗde wiɗto to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pembroke, Cambridge, o rewi heen ko jaŋde doktoraa to [https://www.independent.ng/cowbellpedia-mathematics-challenge-hots-up-as-aspiring-chike-obis-reach-semi-finals/ duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal Massachusetts.] [https://www.independent.ng/cowbellpedia-mathematics-challenge-hots-up-as-aspiring-chike-obis-reach-semi-finals/ to] Cambridge, Massachusetts, to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, wonti e hitaande 1950, Nijeernaajo gadano heɓde doktoraa mum e hiisa. == Career ko ganndo hiisiwal == Obi warti janngirde haa jaami'aare mawnde lesdi Naajeeriya haa Ibadan . Ɓooytaani o diwti ɗum e golle politik. Caggal wolde nde, o arti e jaŋde e hitaande 1970 to [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]] ɗo o yaawi umminde e darnde jaŋde mawnde, hono professeur. O ummi [[Lagos]] ngam hootugo haa wuro [[Onitsha]], o sosi janngirde Nanna ngam janngirde ganndal. Obi heɓiino njeenaari Sigvard Eklund ngam golle mum gadane e nder pottital ceertungal ummoraade e Duɗal Fisik Teori hakkunde leyɗeele . O woniino jannginoowo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde haa o woppi golle makko e hitaande 1985. E hitaande 1997, Obi wiyi ko kanko woni neɗɗo tataɓo ƴeewndotooɗo miijo Fermat cakkitiingo caggal Andrew Wiles e Richard Taylor e hitaande 1994. O wiyi kadi o heɓii hujjaaji puɗɗiiɗi e miijo cakkitiingo Fermat . Ngolɗoo gollal waɗiraa ko to duɗal makko Nanna ngam janngude ganndal to [[Onitsha]], Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, ngal yaltinaa e Aljebraaji, Pelle e Geometriiji. Kono ƴeewndo ngoo hujja bayyinaango e jaaynde wiyeteende Mathematical Reviews hollitii wonde ko hujja fenaande. == Golle e nder politik e golle == To Ibadan, Obi fuɗɗii waɗde lectures ko faati e filosofi makko politik, Kemalism e no o yiɗiri leydi ndii foti yuɓɓineede. O walli ngam sosde lannda Dynamic Party of Nigeria, nde o woni hooreejo leydi mum gadano. Rewrude e lannda kaa, o dariima e wooteeji parlemaa to Ibadan e hitaande 1951 kono o dañii caɗeele. Lannda ka'a ɓaawo man nasti kawtal bee kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya e lesdi Kameruun e boo kawtal Action Group. Obi suɓaama nder delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya kaalduɗo laawol leydi ndi'i ngam heɓugo hoore mum nder kawtalji ɗiɗi London nder hitaande 1957 e hitaande 1958. Caggal nde leydi Nigeria heɓi ndimaagu mum e leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1960, Obi suɓaama depitee e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii e hitaande 1960, o salii woppude jooɗorde makko e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndi to Lagos, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo yamiri yo Obi ittu e ɓanndu mum, tawi ko gollotooɓe e kisal. Ndee yamiroore ɗooftaama, Obi felliti waɗtude hoore mum e geɗe diiwaan. [1] E hitaande 1962, Obi nanngaa, tuumaama warhoore e nder ñaawoore udditiinde nde laamu siwil ngenndiijo yuɓɓini e oon sahaa, tawi ina tuuma mo kanko e woɗɓe, haa arti noon e hooreejo luulndo mawngo e oon sahaa, hono Obafemi Awolowo, wonde ina njiɗi foolde laamu nguu. Caggal ɗuum o woppitaa sabu "yiɗde hujjaaji". Nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya fuɗɗii e hitaande 1967, Obi wonti bannge Biafra, o gollodii e hooreejo murtuɓe Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu . E nder dumunna juutɗo e kitaale 1970 nde o gollinoo e Komiseer Mobilisaasiyoŋ Ngenndiijo. Obi ɗon ƴama diina e ƴamol lenyol, e pinal ƴamol ngol ɗon ƴama nder siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya. O woniino winndiyanke jaaynde ngenndiire e kitaale 1980, o winndi e tiitoonde « Miɗo haalda e yimɓe ». == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] sz4h66xpxmp9cx8o71uvnu4ca6ikgcz 176460 176459 2026-06-25T14:09:09Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342562936|Chike Obi]]" 176460 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chike Obi''' // c (17 abriil 1921 – 13 mars 2008) ko politikyanke, hiisiwal e porfeseer Nijeernaajo. <ref>Guardian Editorial Tribute to the Memory of Chike Obi (1921-2008)". waado.org. Archived from the original on 2020-01-27. Retrieved 2020-05-25.</ref> Chike Obi woni Najeriyaajo gadano heɓugo dipolom Doktoraa nder limngal. Wiɗtooji Obi gadani ɗii ɓuri yowitaade ko e naamnal woodgol kuutorɗe sahaa e sahaa fof e pottitte ceertuɗe gaadoraaɗe ɗe ngonaa dogduɗe. O huutoriima no feewi karallaagal perturbation, binndanɗe makko keewɗe mballitii no feewi e ƴellitde nafoore wiɗtooji e ndeeɗoo fannu e nder winndere ndee kala, ɗe ngonti kadi binndanɗe teskinɗe e nder binndol. Obi woni binnduɗo defte e jaayndeeji keewɗi ko faati e hiisawal e politik leydi Najeriya. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Obi janngi haa nokkuuje feere feere nder [[Naajeeriya|lesdi Naajeeriya]] ko adii o jannga hiisawal bana janngoowo yaasi haa jangirde mawnde nde London . Ɗoon e ɗoon caggal nde o heɓi dipolom makko gadano, o dañi bursi ngam waɗde wiɗto to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pembroke, Cambridge, o rewi heen ko jaŋde doktoraa to [https://www.independent.ng/cowbellpedia-mathematics-challenge-hots-up-as-aspiring-chike-obis-reach-semi-finals/ duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal Massachusetts.] [https://www.independent.ng/cowbellpedia-mathematics-challenge-hots-up-as-aspiring-chike-obis-reach-semi-finals/ to] Cambridge, Massachusetts, to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, wonti e hitaande 1950, Nijeernaajo gadano heɓde doktoraa mum e hiisa. == Career ko ganndo hiisiwal == Obi warti janngirde haa jaami'aare mawnde lesdi Naajeeriya haa Ibadan . Ɓooytaani o diwti ɗum e golle politik. Caggal wolde nde, o arti e jaŋde e hitaande 1970 to [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]] ɗo o yaawi umminde e darnde jaŋde mawnde, hono professeur. O ummi [[Lagos]] ngam hootugo haa wuro [[Onitsha]], o sosi janngirde Nanna ngam janngirde ganndal. Obi heɓiino njeenaari Sigvard Eklund ngam golle mum gadane e nder pottital ceertungal ummoraade e Duɗal Fisik Teori hakkunde leyɗeele . O woniino jannginoowo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde haa o woppi golle makko e hitaande 1985. E hitaande 1997, Obi wiyi ko kanko woni neɗɗo tataɓo ƴeewndotooɗo miijo Fermat cakkitiingo caggal Andrew Wiles e Richard Taylor e hitaande 1994. O wiyi kadi o heɓii hujjaaji puɗɗiiɗi e miijo cakkitiingo Fermat . Ngolɗoo gollal waɗiraa ko to duɗal makko Nanna ngam janngude ganndal to [[Onitsha]], Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, ngal yaltinaa e Aljebraaji, Pelle e Geometriiji. Kono ƴeewndo ngoo hujja bayyinaango e jaaynde wiyeteende Mathematical Reviews hollitii wonde ko hujja fenaande. == Golle e nder politik e golle == To Ibadan, Obi fuɗɗii waɗde lectures ko faati e filosofi makko politik, Kemalism e no o yiɗiri leydi ndii foti yuɓɓineede. O walli ngam sosde lannda Dynamic Party of Nigeria, nde o woni hooreejo leydi mum gadano. Rewrude e lannda kaa, o dariima e wooteeji parlemaa to Ibadan e hitaande 1951 kono o dañii caɗeele. Lannda ka'a ɓaawo man nasti kawtal bee kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya e lesdi Kameruun e boo kawtal Action Group. Obi suɓaama nder delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya kaalduɗo laawol leydi ndi'i ngam heɓugo hoore mum nder kawtalji ɗiɗi London nder hitaande 1957 e hitaande 1958. Caggal nde leydi Nigeria heɓi ndimaagu mum e leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1960, Obi suɓaama depitee e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii e hitaande 1960, o salii woppude jooɗorde makko e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndi to Lagos, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo yamiri yo Obi ittu e ɓanndu mum, tawi ko gollotooɓe e kisal. Ndee yamiroore ɗooftaama, Obi felliti waɗtude hoore mum e geɗe diiwaan. [1] E hitaande 1962, Obi nanngaa, tuumaama warhoore e nder ñaawoore udditiinde nde laamu siwil ngenndiijo yuɓɓini e oon sahaa, tawi ina tuuma mo kanko e woɗɓe, haa arti noon e hooreejo luulndo mawngo e oon sahaa, hono Obafemi Awolowo, wonde ina njiɗi foolde laamu nguu. Caggal ɗuum o woppitaa sabu "yiɗde hujjaaji". Nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya fuɗɗii e hitaande 1967, Obi wonti bannge Biafra, o gollodii e hooreejo murtuɓe Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu . E nder dumunna juutɗo e kitaale 1970 nde o gollinoo e Komiseer Mobilisaasiyoŋ Ngenndiijo. Obi ɗon ƴama diina e ƴamol lenyol, e pinal ƴamol ngol ɗon ƴama nder siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya. O woniino winndiyanke jaaynde ngenndiire e kitaale 1980, o winndi e tiitoonde « Miɗo haalda e yimɓe ». == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9joa4l80f8qznugmv3b3owje7ycww2c 176461 176460 2026-06-25T14:09:28Z Sardeeq 14292 176461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chike Obi''' // c (17 abriil 1921 – 13 mars 2008) ko politikyanke, hiisiwal e porfeseer Nijeernaajo. <ref>Guardian Editorial Tribute to the Memory of Chike Obi (1921-2008)". waado.org. Archived from the original on 2020-01-27. Retrieved 2020-05-25.</ref> Chike Obi woni Najeriyaajo gadano heɓugo dipolom Doktoraa nder limngal. Wiɗtooji Obi gadani ɗii ɓuri yowitaade ko e naamnal woodgol kuutorɗe sahaa e sahaa fof e pottitte ceertuɗe gaadoraaɗe ɗe ngonaa dogduɗe. O huutoriima no feewi karallaagal perturbation, binndanɗe makko keewɗe mballitii no feewi e ƴellitde nafoore wiɗtooji e ndeeɗoo fannu e nder winndere ndee kala, ɗe ngonti kadi binndanɗe teskinɗe e nder binndol. Obi woni binnduɗo defte e jaayndeeji keewɗi ko faati e hiisawal e politik leydi Najeriya. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Obi janngi haa nokkuuje feere feere nder [[Naajeeriya|lesdi Naajeeriya]] ko adii o jannga hiisawal bana janngoowo yaasi haa jangirde mawnde nde London . Ɗoon e ɗoon caggal nde o heɓi dipolom makko gadano, o dañi bursi ngam waɗde wiɗto to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pembroke, Cambridge, o rewi heen ko jaŋde doktoraa to [https://www.independent.ng/cowbellpedia-mathematics-challenge-hots-up-as-aspiring-chike-obis-reach-semi-finals/ duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal Massachusetts.] [https://www.independent.ng/cowbellpedia-mathematics-challenge-hots-up-as-aspiring-chike-obis-reach-semi-finals/ to] Cambridge, Massachusetts, to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, wonti e hitaande 1950, Nijeernaajo gadano heɓde doktoraa mum e hiisa. == Career ko ganndo hiisiwal == Obi warti janngirde haa jaami'aare mawnde lesdi Naajeeriya haa Ibadan . Ɓooytaani o diwti ɗum e golle politik. Caggal wolde nde, o arti e jaŋde e hitaande 1970 to [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]] ɗo o yaawi umminde e darnde jaŋde mawnde, hono professeur. O ummi [[Lagos]] ngam hootugo haa wuro [[Onitsha]], o sosi janngirde Nanna ngam janngirde ganndal. Obi heɓiino njeenaari Sigvard Eklund ngam golle mum gadane e nder pottital ceertungal ummoraade e Duɗal Fisik Teori hakkunde leyɗeele . O woniino jannginoowo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde haa o woppi golle makko e hitaande 1985. E hitaande 1997, Obi wiyi ko kanko woni neɗɗo tataɓo ƴeewndotooɗo miijo Fermat cakkitiingo caggal Andrew Wiles e Richard Taylor e hitaande 1994. O wiyi kadi o heɓii hujjaaji puɗɗiiɗi e miijo cakkitiingo Fermat . Ngolɗoo gollal waɗiraa ko to duɗal makko Nanna ngam janngude ganndal to [[Onitsha]], Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, ngal yaltinaa e Aljebraaji, Pelle e Geometriiji. Kono ƴeewndo ngoo hujja bayyinaango e jaaynde wiyeteende Mathematical Reviews hollitii wonde ko hujja fenaande. == Golle e nder politik e golle == To Ibadan, Obi fuɗɗii waɗde lectures ko faati e filosofi makko politik, Kemalism e no o yiɗiri leydi ndii foti yuɓɓineede. O walli ngam sosde lannda Dynamic Party of Nigeria, nde o woni hooreejo leydi mum gadano. Rewrude e lannda kaa, o dariima e wooteeji parlemaa to Ibadan e hitaande 1951 kono o dañii caɗeele. Lannda ka'a ɓaawo man nasti kawtal bee kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya e lesdi Kameruun e boo kawtal Action Group. Obi suɓaama nder delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya kaalduɗo laawol leydi ndi'i ngam heɓugo hoore mum nder kawtalji ɗiɗi London nder hitaande 1957 e hitaande 1958. Caggal nde leydi Nigeria heɓi ndimaagu mum e leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1960, Obi suɓaama depitee e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii e hitaande 1960, o salii woppude jooɗorde makko e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndi to Lagos, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo yamiri yo Obi ittu e ɓanndu mum, tawi ko gollotooɓe e kisal. Ndee yamiroore ɗooftaama, Obi felliti waɗtude hoore mum e geɗe diiwaan. [1] E hitaande 1962, Obi nanngaa, tuumaama warhoore e nder ñaawoore udditiinde nde laamu siwil ngenndiijo yuɓɓini e oon sahaa, tawi ina tuuma mo kanko e woɗɓe, haa arti noon e hooreejo luulndo mawngo e oon sahaa, hono Obafemi Awolowo, wonde ina njiɗi foolde laamu nguu. Caggal ɗuum o woppitaa sabu "yiɗde hujjaaji". Nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya fuɗɗii e hitaande 1967, Obi wonti bannge Biafra, o gollodii e hooreejo murtuɓe Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu . E nder dumunna juutɗo e kitaale 1970 nde o gollinoo e Komiseer Mobilisaasiyoŋ Ngenndiijo. Obi ɗon ƴama diina e ƴamol lenyol, e pinal ƴamol ngol ɗon ƴama nder siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya. O woniino winndiyanke jaaynde ngenndiire e kitaale 1980, o winndi e tiitoonde « Miɗo haalda e yimɓe ». == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] f1s9451p1bk4n8n9n59o1rzpokfghog 0 42557 176463 2026-06-25T14:13:02Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342087197|Mbonu Ojike]]" 176463 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mbonu_Ojike_LCCN2017836079_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Ojike to Waasinton, hitaande 1942]] Mazi '''Mbonu Ojike''' // c (c 1914 - 29 noowammbar 1956) ko ngenndiyanke e binndoowo Nijeer . O yahri yeeso gila e wonde gardiiɗo koral, organist, e jannginoowo to duɗal Angalteer, o wonti almuudo to Amerik, caggal ɗuum o wonti ngenndiyanke pinal e faggudu . Ko kanko woni cukko hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo NCNC {{Sfn|Sklar|2004}} e cukko meer Lagos e hitaande 1951. Ojike ina anndiranoo "laamɗo boykot" sabu konngol makko, 'boykot boykot'. To Amerik, o waɗii duuɓi 8 e nder golle ganndal e ɓamtude ganndal yimɓe yaajɓe e Afrik haalooɓe e mbaydi Afrik. Nde o arti, o ƴetti martaba makko Afriknaagal, ko ñaamde duumiinde e mbaydiiji Afriknaajo, nguura, ɓoornungal, diine e jimɗi tawa kadi omo goongɗini nafooje cuɓaaɗe e wellitaare janane. {{Sfn|Coker|1956}} Ojike waɗii huutoraade helmere Mazi ngam lomtaade Mr. Ina jeyaa e binndanɗe makko ''Afrik am'' e ''Miɗo jogii Leyɗeele ɗiɗi'' . Ojike ko ƴattoowo softuɗo, jiɗɗo ngenndiyaŋkaagal faggudu, {{Sfn|Sklar|2004}} o wonnoo ko e haalde sahaa e sahaa fof ko ɗum addani mo won e gaññeeje. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Ojike jibinaa ko e galle Mgbeke e Mbonu Emeanlulu to Arondizuogu to Nijeer koloñaal . [1] Ko baaba makko fof e salaade, Ojike janngii e duɗe Angalteer, [1] o janngi jaŋde makko leslesre to duɗal CMS, Arondizuogu. E hitaande 1925, o woniino jannginoowo almuudo to duɗal hakkundeewal Angalteer to Arondizuogu e Abagana. E hitaande 1929, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe CMS, Awka ngam janngude jannginoowo, o joofni jaŋde makko e hitaande 1931. Ojike ɓooyaani o dañi golle to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Dennis Memorial Grammar, Onitsha . To duɗal ngal, ko o gardiiɗo koral, gardiiɗo duɗal aljumaa e gardiiɗo duɗal ngal. [1] Ojike seeɗa-seeɗa wonti mettere e mbaadi jaŋde misiyoŋaaji ina ñiŋa ɗum wonde wonaa huunde himmunde e ƴellitaare Afrik e ustude pinal Afrik. [1] Ɓooytaani, o yalti duɗal ngal, o golliima e Pilot Afrik worgo . E dow ballal binndanɗe James Aggrey e Azikiwe, Ojike felliti jokkude jaŋde caggal leydi. E lewru Noowammbar 1938, Ojike ummi Naajeeriya e almudɓe 11 woɗɓe ngam yahde jaŋde toownde. O fuɗɗii jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (Pennsylvania) hade makko yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Illinois to Urbana–Champaign, o joofni jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ohio State, o heɓi dipolom makko ko fayti e faggudu. Ojike caggal ɗuum heɓi dipolom mum master e jaŋde e njuɓɓudi. {{Sfn|Chuku|2013}} == Golle == To Amerik, Ojike jannginii no feewi {{Sfn|Sklar|2004}} ko fayti e nguurndam makko e nder nokkuuji pinal Afrik e miijooji makko ko fayti e koloñaal e njiyaagu. O winndii jaabawol binndanɗe kollitooje Afrik e mbaadi bonndi {{Sfn|Chuku|2013}} ko jiidaa e winndude defte ɗiɗi e deftere pinal Afrik. Defte makko ina paamnina golle pinal, ina cemmbina miijo ŋakkeende Afrik. {{Sfn|Chuku|2013}} E nder Afrik am, o naatni Ameriknaaɓe e pinal makko feccere e laawol ngam ɓamtude jokkondiral pinal hakkunde pine ɗiɗi ɗee. To Amerik, o jaɓɓii, o janngi ko fayti e laamu demokaraasi. O woniino kadi jiɗɗo ngenndiyaŋkaagal pinal e politik, o salii koloñaal ina bonna demokaraasi e miijo wonde renndo Afrik ko pinal pawtungal. {{Sfn|Chuku|2013}} Hay so tawii ko o ngenndiyanke pinal, Ojike goongɗinaani jaɓde kala sifaa pinal hirnaange kono ko miijo ‘plastisite pinal’ ɗo Afriknaaɓe ñamlata won e geɗe pinal jananal kono haa jooni ina njogii nafooje renndo e politik ɓurɗe teeŋtude, baawɗe wallitde deeƴre, yahrude yeeso e ndimaagu. {{Sfn|Chuku|2013}} E hitaande 1941, Ojike [[K. O. Mbadiwe|e K. O. Mbadiwe]] e John Karefa-Smart cosi fedde janngooɓe Afriknaaɓe to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik e Kanadaa. Ina jeyaa e paandaale fedde ndee wellitaare almudɓe Afrik e firo pinal Afrik e renndo hirnaange. {{Sfn|Chuku|2013}} Ojike kadi wonnoo ko tergal e pelle ɗiɗi Pan Afrik : Fedde Ameriknaare Jaŋde Afrik e Akademi Naalankaagal e Wiɗtooji Afrik. Sosnoo ɗum ko Ojike, Mbadiwe, Orizu, Lawrence Reddick . {{Sfn|Mjagkij|2001}} Akademi oo wallitorii kewuuji danndorɗe jaɓɓaaɗi no feewi hakkunde 1943 e 1945. {{Sfn|Mjagkij|2001}} E hitaande 1945, Ojike waawii tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam yuɓɓinde yuɓɓo hakkunde leyɗeele, o woni tergal e ɗeen pelle. Nde o arti Naajeeriya, gooto e miijooji makko gadani ko sosde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde tuugingal e mbaadi jaŋde toownde Amerik. Feere adannde nde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal waɗi ko ngam hisnude njoɓdi ngam rokkude almudɓe jaŋde e nder nokkuuji ɗii, tawa almudɓe ɓee ina njoɓa kaalis ngam heɓde dipolomaaji caggal leydi. Kono miijo ngoo meeɗaani dañeede. Hakkunde 1947 e 1948, ko o gardiiɗo mawɗo e winndiyanke to Pilot Afrik worgo, o winndii tonngooɗe ɗiɗi : « Katekisma ñalnde aset » e « Huunde miijo ». E hitaande 1948, o woppi pilot ngam fuɗɗaade gollal njulaagu, hono Sosiyetee ƴellitaare Afrik, o hawri e kaalis, o soodi bakkaat lolluɗo, mo Amos Schackleford jeyi. Caggal maayde 21 liggotooɓe kuuraa e nder hitaande 1949, Ojike e jaabawol mum winndii e lowre ina ɗaɓɓi golle nanondiral ngam haɓaade laamuuji koloñaal. {{Sfn|Chuku|2013}} Winndannde ndee firtaama ko fitina, Ojike yoɓaama njoɓdi. Fiɗtaandu nduu kadi addani mo sosde fedde jaajnde wiyeteende Goomu Ngenndiwal Emergency tawi ko Akinola Maja woni hooreejo mum. Fedde ndee ina woodi ko juuti fotde hitaande, ko daande ngenndiire luulndiinde njiyaagu {{Sfn|Chuku|2013}} hade luural politik ustude ɗum. Ojike wonnoo ko balloowo njuɓɓudi laamu fedde e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder batu mawngu to Ibadan yuɓɓinaangu ngam winndude doosɗe Macpherson, Ojike e [[Eyo Ita]], ɓe mbinndi ciimtol tokosol ngam ñiŋde jaɓgol njuɓɓudi laamu diiwaan e naatgol suudu mawɓe e nokku njuɓɓudi fedde nde e borsteval state ecomposed of laamu nguu. {{Sfn|Ezera|1960}} == Tuugnorgal == *   *   *   *   *   *   7hje5b7p3akk7kqz2wuhkde0svcmcrj 176464 176463 2026-06-25T14:13:25Z Sardeeq 14292 176464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Mbonu_Ojike_LCCN2017836079_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Ojike to Waasinton, hitaande 1942]] Mazi '''Mbonu Ojike''' // c (c 1914 - 29 noowammbar 1956) ko ngenndiyanke e binndoowo Nijeer . O yahri yeeso gila e wonde gardiiɗo koral, organist, e jannginoowo to duɗal Angalteer, o wonti almuudo to Amerik, caggal ɗuum o wonti ngenndiyanke pinal e faggudu . Ko kanko woni cukko hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo NCNC {{Sfn|Sklar|2004}} e cukko meer Lagos e hitaande 1951. Ojike ina anndiranoo "laamɗo boykot" sabu konngol makko, 'boykot boykot'. To Amerik, o waɗii duuɓi 8 e nder golle ganndal e ɓamtude ganndal yimɓe yaajɓe e Afrik haalooɓe e mbaydi Afrik. Nde o arti, o ƴetti martaba makko Afriknaagal, ko ñaamde duumiinde e mbaydiiji Afriknaajo, nguura, ɓoornungal, diine e jimɗi tawa kadi omo goongɗini nafooje cuɓaaɗe e wellitaare janane. {{Sfn|Coker|1956}} Ojike waɗii huutoraade helmere Mazi ngam lomtaade Mr. Ina jeyaa e binndanɗe makko ''Afrik am'' e ''Miɗo jogii Leyɗeele ɗiɗi'' . Ojike ko ƴattoowo softuɗo, jiɗɗo ngenndiyaŋkaagal faggudu, {{Sfn|Sklar|2004}} o wonnoo ko e haalde sahaa e sahaa fof ko ɗum addani mo won e gaññeeje. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Ojike jibinaa ko e galle Mgbeke e Mbonu Emeanlulu to Arondizuogu to Nijeer koloñaal . [1] Ko baaba makko fof e salaade, Ojike janngii e duɗe Angalteer, [1] o janngi jaŋde makko leslesre to duɗal CMS, Arondizuogu. E hitaande 1925, o woniino jannginoowo almuudo to duɗal hakkundeewal Angalteer to Arondizuogu e Abagana. E hitaande 1929, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe CMS, Awka ngam janngude jannginoowo, o joofni jaŋde makko e hitaande 1931. Ojike ɓooyaani o dañi golle to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Dennis Memorial Grammar, Onitsha . To duɗal ngal, ko o gardiiɗo koral, gardiiɗo duɗal aljumaa e gardiiɗo duɗal ngal. [1] Ojike seeɗa-seeɗa wonti mettere e mbaadi jaŋde misiyoŋaaji ina ñiŋa ɗum wonde wonaa huunde himmunde e ƴellitaare Afrik e ustude pinal Afrik. [1] Ɓooytaani, o yalti duɗal ngal, o golliima e Pilot Afrik worgo . E dow ballal binndanɗe James Aggrey e Azikiwe, Ojike felliti jokkude jaŋde caggal leydi. E lewru Noowammbar 1938, Ojike ummi Naajeeriya e almudɓe 11 woɗɓe ngam yahde jaŋde toownde. O fuɗɗii jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (Pennsylvania) hade makko yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Illinois to Urbana–Champaign, o joofni jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ohio State, o heɓi dipolom makko ko fayti e faggudu. Ojike caggal ɗuum heɓi dipolom mum master e jaŋde e njuɓɓudi. {{Sfn|Chuku|2013}} == Golle == To Amerik, Ojike jannginii no feewi {{Sfn|Sklar|2004}} ko fayti e nguurndam makko e nder nokkuuji pinal Afrik e miijooji makko ko fayti e koloñaal e njiyaagu. O winndii jaabawol binndanɗe kollitooje Afrik e mbaadi bonndi {{Sfn|Chuku|2013}} ko jiidaa e winndude defte ɗiɗi e deftere pinal Afrik. Defte makko ina paamnina golle pinal, ina cemmbina miijo ŋakkeende Afrik. {{Sfn|Chuku|2013}} E nder Afrik am, o naatni Ameriknaaɓe e pinal makko feccere e laawol ngam ɓamtude jokkondiral pinal hakkunde pine ɗiɗi ɗee. To Amerik, o jaɓɓii, o janngi ko fayti e laamu demokaraasi. O woniino kadi jiɗɗo ngenndiyaŋkaagal pinal e politik, o salii koloñaal ina bonna demokaraasi e miijo wonde renndo Afrik ko pinal pawtungal. {{Sfn|Chuku|2013}} Hay so tawii ko o ngenndiyanke pinal, Ojike goongɗinaani jaɓde kala sifaa pinal hirnaange kono ko miijo ‘plastisite pinal’ ɗo Afriknaaɓe ñamlata won e geɗe pinal jananal kono haa jooni ina njogii nafooje renndo e politik ɓurɗe teeŋtude, baawɗe wallitde deeƴre, yahrude yeeso e ndimaagu. {{Sfn|Chuku|2013}} E hitaande 1941, Ojike [[K. O. Mbadiwe|e K. O. Mbadiwe]] e John Karefa-Smart cosi fedde janngooɓe Afriknaaɓe to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik e Kanadaa. Ina jeyaa e paandaale fedde ndee wellitaare almudɓe Afrik e firo pinal Afrik e renndo hirnaange. {{Sfn|Chuku|2013}} Ojike kadi wonnoo ko tergal e pelle ɗiɗi Pan Afrik : Fedde Ameriknaare Jaŋde Afrik e Akademi Naalankaagal e Wiɗtooji Afrik. Sosnoo ɗum ko Ojike, Mbadiwe, Orizu, Lawrence Reddick . {{Sfn|Mjagkij|2001}} Akademi oo wallitorii kewuuji danndorɗe jaɓɓaaɗi no feewi hakkunde 1943 e 1945. {{Sfn|Mjagkij|2001}} E hitaande 1945, Ojike waawii tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam yuɓɓinde yuɓɓo hakkunde leyɗeele, o woni tergal e ɗeen pelle. Nde o arti Naajeeriya, gooto e miijooji makko gadani ko sosde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde tuugingal e mbaadi jaŋde toownde Amerik. Feere adannde nde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal waɗi ko ngam hisnude njoɓdi ngam rokkude almudɓe jaŋde e nder nokkuuji ɗii, tawa almudɓe ɓee ina njoɓa kaalis ngam heɓde dipolomaaji caggal leydi. Kono miijo ngoo meeɗaani dañeede. Hakkunde 1947 e 1948, ko o gardiiɗo mawɗo e winndiyanke to Pilot Afrik worgo, o winndii tonngooɗe ɗiɗi : « Katekisma ñalnde aset » e « Huunde miijo ». E hitaande 1948, o woppi pilot ngam fuɗɗaade gollal njulaagu, hono Sosiyetee ƴellitaare Afrik, o hawri e kaalis, o soodi bakkaat lolluɗo, mo Amos Schackleford jeyi. Caggal maayde 21 liggotooɓe kuuraa e nder hitaande 1949, Ojike e jaabawol mum winndii e lowre ina ɗaɓɓi golle nanondiral ngam haɓaade laamuuji koloñaal. {{Sfn|Chuku|2013}} Winndannde ndee firtaama ko fitina, Ojike yoɓaama njoɓdi. Fiɗtaandu nduu kadi addani mo sosde fedde jaajnde wiyeteende Goomu Ngenndiwal Emergency tawi ko Akinola Maja woni hooreejo mum. Fedde ndee ina woodi ko juuti fotde hitaande, ko daande ngenndiire luulndiinde njiyaagu {{Sfn|Chuku|2013}} hade luural politik ustude ɗum. Ojike wonnoo ko balloowo njuɓɓudi laamu fedde e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder batu mawngu to Ibadan yuɓɓinaangu ngam winndude doosɗe Macpherson, Ojike e [[Eyo Ita]], ɓe mbinndi ciimtol tokosol ngam ñiŋde jaɓgol njuɓɓudi laamu diiwaan e naatgol suudu mawɓe e nokku njuɓɓudi fedde nde e borsteval state ecomposed of laamu nguu. {{Sfn|Ezera|1960}} == Tuugnorgal == *   *   *   *   *   *   lagu1nqcjcwcrtsp8cw9sj6x2xm61q3 0 42558 176465 2026-06-25T14:14:21Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346312322|P. N. Okeke-Ojiudu]]" 176465 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo '''Listen c Patrick Nwokoye Okeke-Ojiudu''' KSS (1914–1995), mo ɓe inniri kadi '''PN''' walla '''PN Okeke''', ko o dawriyanke, jom njulaagu, jannginoowo, moƴƴo, mawɗo galle Okeke-Ojiudu. O woniino jaagorgal ndema gila 1959–1966, yonta mo nganndu-ɗaa ko Republique gadano Nijeer . == Nguurndam gadano == Okeke-Ojiudu jibinaa ko e galle woɗɗuɗo alɗuɓe ummoriiɗo Alor, [[Diiwal Aanambaara|Anambra]], ina foti golloraade no feewi ngam yoɓde jaŋde mum e kala tolnooji. E hitaande 1938 o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe St. Charles [[Onitsha]], [[Diiwal Aanambaara|to diiwaan Anambra]] ɗo o janngi gila 1938–41. Sabu ceertugol makko teeŋtungol, o waɗtaa directement e gardagol Headmaster . O neldaa to duɗal Saint Antoine biyeteengal Umudioka. Ko ɗoon o gollinoo e les njiimaandi baaba makko [[Cyprian Michael awene tansi|Michael Iwene Tansi]] ( Pape Jean Paul II barkintini mo e hitaande 1998), hay e oon sahaa o fiyi mo no Seniiɗo . Kadi to St. Anthony, o dañii fartaŋŋe jannginde François Arinze (jooni ko Kardinal ) naatnooɗo duɗal gila omo yahra e duuɓi sappo. Ɓe ɗiɗo fof maa njahdu haa ɓe ngonta sehilaaɓe moƴƴuɓe. E hitaande 1947, PN heɓi jaŋde seedantaagal jannginooɓe mawɓe, o waɗtaa to St. Charles TTC ngam wonde jannginoowo . Ɓooytaani o woppi golle makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. Charles ngam waɗde njulaagu . == Golle politik == Caggal nde o heɓi nafoore e njulaagu mbaylaandi e kaɓirɗe mahdi, Okeke-Ojiudu naati e politik e hitaande 1950 o dañii woote laamu nokkuyankeewu e nder wuro makko, e hitaande 1951 o wonti tergal e Diiso Diisnondiral [[Onitsha]] Fuɗnaange ɗo o suɓaa hooreejo Goomu gollotooɓe e jaŋde. O woniino caggal ɗuum cukko hooreejo diiso diiwaan wuro Onitsha. E hitaande 1953 o suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji Fuɗnaange e les njiimaandi NCNC e hitaande 1957 o suɓaama kadi tergal suudu sarɗiiji e woote mawɗe 67 000 ɗiɗaɓo tan caggal hooreejo NCNC [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] mo heɓi 77 000 woote. Nde o woni e laamu, Okeke-Ojiudu haɓii e politik e bannge lefol Naajeeriya, sosɗo fedde ndimaagu Afrik, hooreejo leydi [[Nnamdi Azikiwe|Nnamdi Azikiwe,]] hono no parlemaa. E hitaande 1959 o wonti jaagorgal gadanal ndema (Fuɗnaange), e nder republique gadano [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]], darnde nde o joginoo haa hitaande 1966. Okeke-Ojiudu woni jaagorgal gadanal jokkondirde e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e oon sahaa [[Michael Okpara]] e nder kabine mum. Ko o ministeer o artiri hakkille makko e sosde koɗki Farm e nder diiwaan hee fof, ɗum noon addani ɓeydagol peewnugol nguura. Ko adii o ruttitii e caɗeele Banke Afrik, sosde Sosiyetee Assurance Universel, yuɓɓinde kadi Sosiyetee ƴellitaare Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya (ENDC), e Sosiyetee Konngol e Mobelaaji Naajeeriya (NCFC). Hay NIGERCEM Nkalagu jooni ko dañoowo ngalu mawngu wonande dowlaaji Fuɗnaange wonnoo ko e les njiimaandi makko. O walli kadi laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam heɓugo nyamdu ngam fuɗɗaago e dogginki jaami'aare lesdi Naajeeriya Nsukka . == Kugal == E nder njiimaandi militeer en e lewru Yarkomaa 1966, o arti e nguurndam makko keeriɗam, o rokki njuɓɓudi makko keeriindi ndii fof. Ko kanko sosi [[Peenok Investments]], sosiyetee njulaagu e njulaagu, jooɗiiɗo to leydi Najeriya. Gila ndeen [[Okeke-Ojiudu family|galle Okeke-Ojiudu]] jibinii sosiyeteeji keewɗi ko wayi no [[Zodiac Hotels Group]] mo ɓiyiiko mawɗo [[E.A. Okeke-Ojiudu|EA Okeke-Ojiudu]] ardii e [[P.M.C.|PMC]] (Centre Médical Peenok) mo ɓiyiiko ammbasadeer Dr [[F.C. Okeke-Ojiudu|F.C.]] Galle oo ina jogii kadi nafooje jawdi mawɗe e nder Afrik hirnaange e caggal leydi. == Tuugnorgal == 48514op6xvcgnzpvnev3arorn90p48g 176466 176465 2026-06-25T14:14:59Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346312322|P. N. Okeke-Ojiudu]]" 176466 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo '''Listen c Patrick Nwokoye Okeke-Ojiudu''' KSS (1914–1995), mo ɓe inniri kadi '''PN''' walla '''PN Okeke''', ko o dawriyanke, jom njulaagu, jannginoowo, moƴƴo, mawɗo galle Okeke-Ojiudu. O woniino jaagorgal ndema gila 1959–1966, yonta mo nganndu-ɗaa ko Republique gadano Nijeer.<ref>Udo, Mary (2017-02-13). "OKEKE (Chief) Patrick Nwokoye". Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation. Retrieved 2020-05-27.</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == Okeke-Ojiudu jibinaa ko e galle woɗɗuɗo alɗuɓe ummoriiɗo Alor, [[Diiwal Aanambaara|Anambra]], ina foti golloraade no feewi ngam yoɓde jaŋde mum e kala tolnooji. E hitaande 1938 o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe St. Charles [[Onitsha]], [[Diiwal Aanambaara|to diiwaan Anambra]] ɗo o janngi gila 1938–41. Sabu ceertugol makko teeŋtungol, o waɗtaa directement e gardagol Headmaster . O neldaa to duɗal Saint Antoine biyeteengal Umudioka. Ko ɗoon o gollinoo e les njiimaandi baaba makko [[Cyprian Michael awene tansi|Michael Iwene Tansi]] ( Pape Jean Paul II barkintini mo e hitaande 1998), hay e oon sahaa o fiyi mo no Seniiɗo . Kadi to St. Anthony, o dañii fartaŋŋe jannginde François Arinze (jooni ko Kardinal ) naatnooɗo duɗal gila omo yahra e duuɓi sappo. Ɓe ɗiɗo fof maa njahdu haa ɓe ngonta sehilaaɓe moƴƴuɓe. E hitaande 1947, PN heɓi jaŋde seedantaagal jannginooɓe mawɓe, o waɗtaa to St. Charles TTC ngam wonde jannginoowo . Ɓooytaani o woppi golle makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. Charles ngam waɗde njulaagu . == Golle politik == Caggal nde o heɓi nafoore e njulaagu mbaylaandi e kaɓirɗe mahdi, Okeke-Ojiudu naati e politik e hitaande 1950 o dañii woote laamu nokkuyankeewu e nder wuro makko, e hitaande 1951 o wonti tergal e Diiso Diisnondiral [[Onitsha]] Fuɗnaange ɗo o suɓaa hooreejo Goomu gollotooɓe e jaŋde. O woniino caggal ɗuum cukko hooreejo diiso diiwaan wuro Onitsha. E hitaande 1953 o suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji Fuɗnaange e les njiimaandi NCNC e hitaande 1957 o suɓaama kadi tergal suudu sarɗiiji e woote mawɗe 67 000 ɗiɗaɓo tan caggal hooreejo NCNC [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] mo heɓi 77 000 woote. Nde o woni e laamu, Okeke-Ojiudu haɓii e politik e bannge lefol Naajeeriya, sosɗo fedde ndimaagu Afrik, hooreejo leydi [[Nnamdi Azikiwe|Nnamdi Azikiwe,]] hono no parlemaa. E hitaande 1959 o wonti jaagorgal gadanal ndema (Fuɗnaange), e nder republique gadano [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]], darnde nde o joginoo haa hitaande 1966. Okeke-Ojiudu woni jaagorgal gadanal jokkondirde e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e oon sahaa [[Michael Okpara]] e nder kabine mum. Ko o ministeer o artiri hakkille makko e sosde koɗki Farm e nder diiwaan hee fof, ɗum noon addani ɓeydagol peewnugol nguura. Ko adii o ruttitii e caɗeele Banke Afrik, sosde Sosiyetee Assurance Universel, yuɓɓinde kadi Sosiyetee ƴellitaare Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya (ENDC), e Sosiyetee Konngol e Mobelaaji Naajeeriya (NCFC). Hay NIGERCEM Nkalagu jooni ko dañoowo ngalu mawngu wonande dowlaaji Fuɗnaange wonnoo ko e les njiimaandi makko. O walli kadi laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam heɓugo nyamdu ngam fuɗɗaago e dogginki jaami'aare lesdi Naajeeriya Nsukka . == Kugal == E nder njiimaandi militeer en e lewru Yarkomaa 1966, o arti e nguurndam makko keeriɗam, o rokki njuɓɓudi makko keeriindi ndii fof. Ko kanko sosi [[Peenok Investments]], sosiyetee njulaagu e njulaagu, jooɗiiɗo to leydi Najeriya. Gila ndeen [[Okeke-Ojiudu family|galle Okeke-Ojiudu]] jibinii sosiyeteeji keewɗi ko wayi no [[Zodiac Hotels Group]] mo ɓiyiiko mawɗo [[E.A. Okeke-Ojiudu|EA Okeke-Ojiudu]] ardii e [[P.M.C.|PMC]] (Centre Médical Peenok) mo ɓiyiiko ammbasadeer Dr [[F.C. Okeke-Ojiudu|F.C.]] Galle oo ina jogii kadi nafooje jawdi mawɗe e nder Afrik hirnaange e caggal leydi. == Tuugnorgal == 1lo5q5l5esm6eq52m4dz09ckzbnejfb 176467 176466 2026-06-25T14:15:22Z Sardeeq 14292 176467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mawɗo '''Listen c Patrick Nwokoye Okeke-Ojiudu''' KSS (1914–1995), mo ɓe inniri kadi '''PN''' walla '''PN Okeke''', ko o dawriyanke, jom njulaagu, jannginoowo, moƴƴo, mawɗo galle Okeke-Ojiudu. O woniino jaagorgal ndema gila 1959–1966, yonta mo nganndu-ɗaa ko Republique gadano Nijeer.<ref>Udo, Mary (2017-02-13). "OKEKE (Chief) Patrick Nwokoye". Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation. Retrieved 2020-05-27.</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == Okeke-Ojiudu jibinaa ko e galle woɗɗuɗo alɗuɓe ummoriiɗo Alor, [[Diiwal Aanambaara|Anambra]], ina foti golloraade no feewi ngam yoɓde jaŋde mum e kala tolnooji. E hitaande 1938 o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe St. Charles [[Onitsha]], [[Diiwal Aanambaara|to diiwaan Anambra]] ɗo o janngi gila 1938–41. Sabu ceertugol makko teeŋtungol, o waɗtaa directement e gardagol Headmaster . O neldaa to duɗal Saint Antoine biyeteengal Umudioka. Ko ɗoon o gollinoo e les njiimaandi baaba makko [[Cyprian Michael awene tansi|Michael Iwene Tansi]] ( Pape Jean Paul II barkintini mo e hitaande 1998), hay e oon sahaa o fiyi mo no Seniiɗo . Kadi to St. Anthony, o dañii fartaŋŋe jannginde François Arinze (jooni ko Kardinal ) naatnooɗo duɗal gila omo yahra e duuɓi sappo. Ɓe ɗiɗo fof maa njahdu haa ɓe ngonta sehilaaɓe moƴƴuɓe. E hitaande 1947, PN heɓi jaŋde seedantaagal jannginooɓe mawɓe, o waɗtaa to St. Charles TTC ngam wonde jannginoowo . Ɓooytaani o woppi golle makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. Charles ngam waɗde njulaagu . == Golle politik == Caggal nde o heɓi nafoore e njulaagu mbaylaandi e kaɓirɗe mahdi, Okeke-Ojiudu naati e politik e hitaande 1950 o dañii woote laamu nokkuyankeewu e nder wuro makko, e hitaande 1951 o wonti tergal e Diiso Diisnondiral [[Onitsha]] Fuɗnaange ɗo o suɓaa hooreejo Goomu gollotooɓe e jaŋde. O woniino caggal ɗuum cukko hooreejo diiso diiwaan wuro Onitsha. E hitaande 1953 o suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji Fuɗnaange e les njiimaandi NCNC e hitaande 1957 o suɓaama kadi tergal suudu sarɗiiji e woote mawɗe 67 000 ɗiɗaɓo tan caggal hooreejo NCNC [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] mo heɓi 77 000 woote. Nde o woni e laamu, Okeke-Ojiudu haɓii e politik e bannge lefol Naajeeriya, sosɗo fedde ndimaagu Afrik, hooreejo leydi [[Nnamdi Azikiwe|Nnamdi Azikiwe,]] hono no parlemaa. E hitaande 1959 o wonti jaagorgal gadanal ndema (Fuɗnaange), e nder republique gadano [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]], darnde nde o joginoo haa hitaande 1966. Okeke-Ojiudu woni jaagorgal gadanal jokkondirde e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e oon sahaa [[Michael Okpara]] e nder kabine mum. Ko o ministeer o artiri hakkille makko e sosde koɗki Farm e nder diiwaan hee fof, ɗum noon addani ɓeydagol peewnugol nguura. Ko adii o ruttitii e caɗeele Banke Afrik, sosde Sosiyetee Assurance Universel, yuɓɓinde kadi Sosiyetee ƴellitaare Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya (ENDC), e Sosiyetee Konngol e Mobelaaji Naajeeriya (NCFC). Hay NIGERCEM Nkalagu jooni ko dañoowo ngalu mawngu wonande dowlaaji Fuɗnaange wonnoo ko e les njiimaandi makko. O walli kadi laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam heɓugo nyamdu ngam fuɗɗaago e dogginki jaami'aare lesdi Naajeeriya Nsukka . == Kugal == E nder njiimaandi militeer en e lewru Yarkomaa 1966, o arti e nguurndam makko keeriɗam, o rokki njuɓɓudi makko keeriindi ndii fof. Ko kanko sosi [[Peenok Investments]], sosiyetee njulaagu e njulaagu, jooɗiiɗo to leydi Najeriya. Gila ndeen [[Okeke-Ojiudu family|galle Okeke-Ojiudu]] jibinii sosiyeteeji keewɗi ko wayi no [[Zodiac Hotels Group]] mo ɓiyiiko mawɗo [[E.A. Okeke-Ojiudu|EA Okeke-Ojiudu]] ardii e [[P.M.C.|PMC]] (Centre Médical Peenok) mo ɓiyiiko ammbasadeer Dr [[F.C. Okeke-Ojiudu|F.C.]] Galle oo ina jogii kadi nafooje jawdi mawɗe e nder Afrik hirnaange e caggal leydi. == Tuugnorgal == iqp8eb3hwx8ekz4xjaixq25ykv8g4o5 0 42559 176468 2026-06-25T14:16:41Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345254418|Oliver Ogedengbe Macaulay]]" 176468 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oliver Ogedengbe Macaulay''' (15 Duujal 1918 – 14 Suwee 1972), lollirɗo '''Oged Macaulay''' ko politikaajo, gardiiɗo defte, jaayndiyanke, jiiloowo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe, e binndoowo keeriiɗo to Oba Adeyinka Oyekan . Ko kanko woni ɓiy [[Herbert Macaulay|Herbert Makalay]] . == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Oged Macaulay jibinaa ko ñalnde 15 desaambar 1918. Kono tan, ko heewi anndaaka e yumma Oged, ina gasa tawa ko Isabella Macaulay, laamɗo Akure, nde tawnoo laaɓaani so tawii baaba makko, [[Herbert Macaulay]], resii caggal nde o maayi debbo makko, Caroline e Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde CMS, Lagos . == Kugal == Oged ko jaayndiyanke mo binndanɗe mum njalti e jaaynde wiyeteende “Pilot de l’Afrique de l’Ouest”. [1] O woniino kadi balloowo hooreejo fedde NCNC, lannda politik mo baaba makko, hono Herbert Macaulay, sosi. Oged jeyaa ko e Diɗɗal Zikist nder NCNC ɗaɓɓoowo darnde ngenndiyaŋkoore ɓurnde radikal e NCNC ɓurɗo mawnude. Ñalnde 27 oktoobar 1948, Osita Agwuna, cukko hooreejo fedde Zikist en, waɗii konngol tiitoonde mum ko « Noddaango ngam rewolison » ɗo noddaango waɗaa ngam waasde yoɓde njoɓdi, e ŋakkeende ɗooftaare siwil, e boykot marsandiis Angalteer. [2] Laamu koloñaal Angalteer ñaawii Zikist en ngam haɓaade njiyaagu, Oged waɗi hitaande kasoo. [3] == Koolol Oged to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan == Defterdu Oged Macaulay keeriiɗo (The Oged Collection) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan ina timmina ''binndanɗe baaba makko Macaulay'' to Taƴre Africana to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan. Koolol Oged ina hollita ɗaɗi Herbert Macaulay e iwdi mum. Kadi ina hokka ƴeewndo politik lannda caggal maayde Herbert Macaulay, ina waɗi kadi binndanɗe ko faati e luural leydi keewngal to Lagos, luural keeriwal to Oshogun, daartol ɓesngu mawɓe Lagos e yimɓe mawɓe. Taƴe jaayndeeji ceertuɗi, defte binndaaɗe, e binndanɗe ina tawee e deftere Oged. == Tuugnorgal == kvqkatn7nidmzfde4yupmvynknkc1wh 176469 176468 2026-06-25T14:17:14Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345254418|Oliver Ogedengbe Macaulay]]" 176469 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oliver Ogedengbe Macaulay''' (15 Duujal 1918 – 14 Suwee 1972), lollirɗo '''Oged Macaulay''' ko politikaajo, gardiiɗo defte, jaayndiyanke, jiiloowo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe, e binndoowo keeriiɗo to Oba Adeyinka Oyekan . Ko kanko woni ɓiy [[Herbert Macaulay|Herbert Makalay]].<ref>Fafunwa, A. Babs (1990). Up and On!: A Nigerian Teacher's Odyssey. West African Book Publishers, 1990. p. 18. <nowiki>ISBN 9789781530968</nowiki>.</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Oged Macaulay jibinaa ko ñalnde 15 desaambar 1918. Kono tan, ko heewi anndaaka e yumma Oged, ina gasa tawa ko Isabella Macaulay, laamɗo Akure, nde tawnoo laaɓaani so tawii baaba makko, [[Herbert Macaulay]], resii caggal nde o maayi debbo makko, Caroline e Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde CMS, Lagos . == Kugal == Oged ko jaayndiyanke mo binndanɗe mum njalti e jaaynde wiyeteende “Pilot de l’Afrique de l’Ouest”. [1] O woniino kadi balloowo hooreejo fedde NCNC, lannda politik mo baaba makko, hono Herbert Macaulay, sosi. Oged jeyaa ko e Diɗɗal Zikist nder NCNC ɗaɓɓoowo darnde ngenndiyaŋkoore ɓurnde radikal e NCNC ɓurɗo mawnude. Ñalnde 27 oktoobar 1948, Osita Agwuna, cukko hooreejo fedde Zikist en, waɗii konngol tiitoonde mum ko « Noddaango ngam rewolison » ɗo noddaango waɗaa ngam waasde yoɓde njoɓdi, e ŋakkeende ɗooftaare siwil, e boykot marsandiis Angalteer. [2] Laamu koloñaal Angalteer ñaawii Zikist en ngam haɓaade njiyaagu, Oged waɗi hitaande kasoo. [3] == Koolol Oged to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan == Defterdu Oged Macaulay keeriiɗo (The Oged Collection) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan ina timmina ''binndanɗe baaba makko Macaulay'' to Taƴre Africana to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan. Koolol Oged ina hollita ɗaɗi Herbert Macaulay e iwdi mum. Kadi ina hokka ƴeewndo politik lannda caggal maayde Herbert Macaulay, ina waɗi kadi binndanɗe ko faati e luural leydi keewngal to Lagos, luural keeriwal to Oshogun, daartol ɓesngu mawɓe Lagos e yimɓe mawɓe. Taƴe jaayndeeji ceertuɗi, defte binndaaɗe, e binndanɗe ina tawee e deftere Oged. == Tuugnorgal == tivfqn4puyjuyz7ps7os6d0cwxhz5yr 176470 176469 2026-06-25T14:17:29Z Sardeeq 14292 176470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oliver Ogedengbe Macaulay''' (15 Duujal 1918 – 14 Suwee 1972), lollirɗo '''Oged Macaulay''' ko politikaajo, gardiiɗo defte, jaayndiyanke, jiiloowo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe, e binndoowo keeriiɗo to Oba Adeyinka Oyekan . Ko kanko woni ɓiy [[Herbert Macaulay|Herbert Makalay]].<ref>Fafunwa, A. Babs (1990). Up and On!: A Nigerian Teacher's Odyssey. West African Book Publishers, 1990. p. 18. <nowiki>ISBN 9789781530968</nowiki>.</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Oged Macaulay jibinaa ko ñalnde 15 desaambar 1918. Kono tan, ko heewi anndaaka e yumma Oged, ina gasa tawa ko Isabella Macaulay, laamɗo Akure, nde tawnoo laaɓaani so tawii baaba makko, [[Herbert Macaulay]], resii caggal nde o maayi debbo makko, Caroline e Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde CMS, Lagos . == Kugal == Oged ko jaayndiyanke mo binndanɗe mum njalti e jaaynde wiyeteende “Pilot de l’Afrique de l’Ouest”. [1] O woniino kadi balloowo hooreejo fedde NCNC, lannda politik mo baaba makko, hono Herbert Macaulay, sosi. Oged jeyaa ko e Diɗɗal Zikist nder NCNC ɗaɓɓoowo darnde ngenndiyaŋkoore ɓurnde radikal e NCNC ɓurɗo mawnude. Ñalnde 27 oktoobar 1948, Osita Agwuna, cukko hooreejo fedde Zikist en, waɗii konngol tiitoonde mum ko « Noddaango ngam rewolison » ɗo noddaango waɗaa ngam waasde yoɓde njoɓdi, e ŋakkeende ɗooftaare siwil, e boykot marsandiis Angalteer. [2] Laamu koloñaal Angalteer ñaawii Zikist en ngam haɓaade njiyaagu, Oged waɗi hitaande kasoo. [3] == Koolol Oged to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan == Defterdu Oged Macaulay keeriiɗo (The Oged Collection) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan ina timmina ''binndanɗe baaba makko Macaulay'' to Taƴre Africana to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan. Koolol Oged ina hollita ɗaɗi Herbert Macaulay e iwdi mum. Kadi ina hokka ƴeewndo politik lannda caggal maayde Herbert Macaulay, ina waɗi kadi binndanɗe ko faati e luural leydi keewngal to Lagos, luural keeriwal to Oshogun, daartol ɓesngu mawɓe Lagos e yimɓe mawɓe. Taƴe jaayndeeji ceertuɗi, defte binndaaɗe, e binndanɗe ina tawee e deftere Oged. == Tuugnorgal == jgv7d82j9hepeeuekon1p70gbsyq17j 0 42560 176471 2026-06-25T14:18:55Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360762543|Babatunji Olowofoyeku]]" 176471 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Babatunji Olowofoyeku''' OFR SAN ( Yoruba , ; 21 lewru Mbooy 1917 – 26 Mars 2003) ko o dawriyanke, jannginoowo, awokaa e golloowo laamu, ko [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yorubaajo]], jeyaaɗo to [[Ilesa West|Ilesha]] to [[Diiwal Osun|diiwaan Osun]] to leydi Nijeer, mo golle mum politik puɗɗii ko e cakkital kitaale 1950. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Olowofoyeku jibinaa ko e lewru mee 1917, o mawni ko e jibinannde cakkitiinde e nder galle jaajɗo aadaaji to [[Ilesa West|Ilesha]], wuro to bannge hirnaange-fuɗnaange-rewo ko adii ɗuum ko [[Western Nigeria Protectorate|Hirnaange Nijeer]], ko protektorat e nder laamu Biritaan . [[Ilesa West|Ilesha]] ko adii ɗuum ina wonnoo e keerol hakkunde mum e Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, ina ɓadii keeri hakkunde mum e Dahomey laamiiɗo [[Farayse]] . E hitaande 1914, protektoraatuuji Biritaan ɗiɗo ɗii fof, kam e Koloni Lagos, kawraa, mbaɗti wonde Koloni e Protektoraat Nijeer . Olowofoyeku jibinaa ko hedde duuɓi tati caggal nde ngalɗoo dental koloñaal kesal sosaa e juuɗe Angalteer. Baaba makko maayi ko lebbi seeɗa hade makko jibineede. Yumma makko winnditi mo nde o yahrata e duuɓi 5 to duɗal Methodist Otapete o lootaama toon e nder Egliis Methodist e hitaande 1924 o ƴetti innde Kerecee'en " Daniel ". E nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Otapete, Olowofoyeku hawri e sehil mum, hono Tai Solarin, mo nganndu-ɗaa e oon sahaa ko Augustus Solarin, wonti sehil mum haa abada. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njanngii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. Andrew, Oyo, tuggi 1936 haa 1942. Solarin caggal mum wiyi wonde o wayliima no feewi e binndol Olowofoyeku ngol o waɗi heen teskuyaaji wonde won e koloñaal en ko majjere, kadi ɓe ngonaa peewnitiiɓe no feewi e golle ɗe ɓe ndokkaa lifo, e toon rureves alaa ko lifo Nigeria. Ngalɗoo binndanɗe, o ñaawaama sabu luulndaade ngonka (status quo), o dartinaa e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde e hitaande makko jaŋde sakkitiinde. Kono o jooɗii, o jaɓi ekkol jannginoowo timmuɗo, o woni almuudo yaajɗo hitaande caggal ɗuum. O woppi caggal ɗuum innde hakkundeere ndee "Daniyel" ngam salaade tooñanngeeji ɗi laamuuji koloñaal njiyri mo ɗii. E hitaande 1932, Olowofoyeku jaɓi fuɗɗoraade golle jannginoowo almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Otapete, hade mum fuɗɗaade janngude jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. == Golle jannginde == Olowofoyeku jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oduduwa gila lewru Oktoobar 1942 haa 1943. Almuɓɓe makko ina njeyaa heen Richard Akinjide, caggal ɗuum wonti Awokaa mawɗo [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]] . Tuggi hitaande 1943 haa lewru Yarkomaa 1947, o woni jannginoowo ɗemngal Latin to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Methodist, [[Lagos|to Lagos]] . Toɗɗagol makko gadanol e gardagol duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Western Boys, to leydi Benin, tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1947 haa lewru Desammbar 1948. E nder oon sahaa e hitaande 1948, o ƴetti, o heɓi dipolomaaji BA External Intermediate to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Londres, o janngi e kursus binnditagol . Olowofoyeku ummiima Ijebu-Ode ngam ƴettude toɗɗagol hooreejo 3ɓo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Olu-Iwa (ngal wayli innde mum e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Adeola Odutola e hitaande 1964), o golliima gila lewru Yarkomaa 1949 haa lewru Desammbar 1949. == Golle sariya == E nder faddaade ñaawoore fuɗɗaande e makko e hitaande 1948, Olowofoyeku wiɗtii, rokki yamiroore awokaa makko deenoowo to ñaawirdu. Nde ñaawoore ndee fellitii e makko, o felliti waylude golle makko, o naati e fannu sariya, o dañi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde faggudu to Londres (LSE) ngam janngude sariya. O ummii leydi Naajeeriya e lewru Duujal hitaande 1949, o heɓi LLB ( Bachelor of Laws ) e lewru Juko hitaande 1952. O heɓi jaŋde Bar e ɗemngal Engele, o noddaa e fedde Bar ( Inner Temple ) ngam wonde awokaaji . Ko kanko woni gorko Ijesha gadano noddiraaɗo to Bar Engele. O artii leydi Naajeeriya ko adii juulde kirsimeeti e hitaande 1952. == Golle politik == Olowofoyeku ina anndi tooñanngeeji renndo e ŋakkeende doole jowitiiɗe e njurum makko nde o woni almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. Andrew, o fellitii yiytude feere politik ngam haɓaade njuɓɓudi tagndi ɗum ndii. E ƴaañgal janngirɗe ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Herbert Macaulay]], o anndi [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]], hooreejo NCNC, rewrude e mawɗo Odeleye Fadahunsi, mawɗo Ijesha goɗɗo njillu [[London|to Londres]] . Olowofoyeku naati NCNC nder hitaande 1952, nden o warti tergal kuugal NCNC les Azikiwe nder hitaande 1954. Koloni e Protectorate Naajeeriya lomtinaama nder lewru Oktoba 1954 bee [[Hautugo Naajeeriya|Federaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya]], koloni fedde nde haa ragare heɓi jaalorgal mawngal bee lesdi Biritaniya'en . [[Biritaani-Mawndi|Leydi Biritaniya]] hokki Fedde nde jeytaare mum bana laamu nder Commonwealth Nations nyande 1 Oktoobar 1960. Olowofoyeku suɓaama hooreejo diiso diiwaan wuro [[Ilesa West|Ilesha]] (IUDC) e hitaande 1956, e nder hitaande ndee kadi o heɓi suɓaade hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan hirnaange. E nder ooɗoo sahaa, o yiɗiino ƴellitde Ilesha e tolnooji ɗi o seedtinoo heɓde e London County Council e nder jaŋde makko to [[London]] . Ko o waɗi e Ilesha ko : udditde ndiyam ɗam e nder tuubaaji, kuuraa, ƴellitgol luumooji, peewnugol wuro, mahngo laabi, laaɓal e wellitaare gollotooɓe diisnondiral. Olowofoyeku wonnoo ko tergal e fedde depiteeji NCNC to batuuji doosɗe leydi Najeriya to London e hitaande 1957 e hitaande 1958, paandaale mum ko ɗaɓɓude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya e juuɗe Angalteer. O suɓaama kadi e nder suudu sarɗiiji Hirnaange e hitaande 1956 e dow laylaytol NCNC lomtotooɗo diiwaan Ilesha hakkundeejo. Olowofoyeku wonnoo ko tergal e goomu NCNC ngam Afrik e geɗe caggal leydi. O ardii kadi Goomu toppitiingu sariyaaji NCNC, tawi ina jeyaa heen kadi Richard Akinjide, mawɗo Adeniran Ogunsanya, Kehinde Sofola, e Tunji Ogunbiyi. [ ciimtol ina haani ] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 03lb80umwlq96ln5u0e45zcqi5vc6bq 176472 176471 2026-06-25T14:19:37Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360762543|Babatunji Olowofoyeku]]" 176472 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Babatunji Olowofoyeku''' OFR SAN ( Yoruba , ; 21 lewru Mbooy 1917 – 26 Mars 2003) ko o dawriyanke, jannginoowo, awokaa e golloowo laamu, ko [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yorubaajo]], jeyaaɗo to [[Ilesa West|Ilesha]] to [[Diiwal Osun|diiwaan Osun]] to leydi Nijeer, mo golle mum politik puɗɗii ko e cakkital kitaale 1950.<ref>Aluwong, Jeremiah (1 May 2022). "Nigerians In History: Babatunji Olowofoyeku". Connectnigeria Articles. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Olowofoyeku jibinaa ko e lewru mee 1917, o mawni ko e jibinannde cakkitiinde e nder galle jaajɗo aadaaji to [[Ilesa West|Ilesha]], wuro to bannge hirnaange-fuɗnaange-rewo ko adii ɗuum ko [[Western Nigeria Protectorate|Hirnaange Nijeer]], ko protektorat e nder laamu Biritaan . [[Ilesa West|Ilesha]] ko adii ɗuum ina wonnoo e keerol hakkunde mum e Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, ina ɓadii keeri hakkunde mum e Dahomey laamiiɗo [[Farayse]] . E hitaande 1914, protektoraatuuji Biritaan ɗiɗo ɗii fof, kam e Koloni Lagos, kawraa, mbaɗti wonde Koloni e Protektoraat Nijeer . Olowofoyeku jibinaa ko hedde duuɓi tati caggal nde ngalɗoo dental koloñaal kesal sosaa e juuɗe Angalteer. Baaba makko maayi ko lebbi seeɗa hade makko jibineede. Yumma makko winnditi mo nde o yahrata e duuɓi 5 to duɗal Methodist Otapete o lootaama toon e nder Egliis Methodist e hitaande 1924 o ƴetti innde Kerecee'en " Daniel ". E nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Otapete, Olowofoyeku hawri e sehil mum, hono Tai Solarin, mo nganndu-ɗaa e oon sahaa ko Augustus Solarin, wonti sehil mum haa abada. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njanngii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. Andrew, Oyo, tuggi 1936 haa 1942. Solarin caggal mum wiyi wonde o wayliima no feewi e binndol Olowofoyeku ngol o waɗi heen teskuyaaji wonde won e koloñaal en ko majjere, kadi ɓe ngonaa peewnitiiɓe no feewi e golle ɗe ɓe ndokkaa lifo, e toon rureves alaa ko lifo Nigeria. Ngalɗoo binndanɗe, o ñaawaama sabu luulndaade ngonka (status quo), o dartinaa e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde e hitaande makko jaŋde sakkitiinde. Kono o jooɗii, o jaɓi ekkol jannginoowo timmuɗo, o woni almuudo yaajɗo hitaande caggal ɗuum. O woppi caggal ɗuum innde hakkundeere ndee "Daniyel" ngam salaade tooñanngeeji ɗi laamuuji koloñaal njiyri mo ɗii. E hitaande 1932, Olowofoyeku jaɓi fuɗɗoraade golle jannginoowo almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Otapete, hade mum fuɗɗaade janngude jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. == Golle jannginde == Olowofoyeku jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oduduwa gila lewru Oktoobar 1942 haa 1943. Almuɓɓe makko ina njeyaa heen Richard Akinjide, caggal ɗuum wonti Awokaa mawɗo [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]] . Tuggi hitaande 1943 haa lewru Yarkomaa 1947, o woni jannginoowo ɗemngal Latin to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Methodist, [[Lagos|to Lagos]] . Toɗɗagol makko gadanol e gardagol duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Western Boys, to leydi Benin, tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1947 haa lewru Desammbar 1948. E nder oon sahaa e hitaande 1948, o ƴetti, o heɓi dipolomaaji BA External Intermediate to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Londres, o janngi e kursus binnditagol . Olowofoyeku ummiima Ijebu-Ode ngam ƴettude toɗɗagol hooreejo 3ɓo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Olu-Iwa (ngal wayli innde mum e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Adeola Odutola e hitaande 1964), o golliima gila lewru Yarkomaa 1949 haa lewru Desammbar 1949. == Golle sariya == E nder faddaade ñaawoore fuɗɗaande e makko e hitaande 1948, Olowofoyeku wiɗtii, rokki yamiroore awokaa makko deenoowo to ñaawirdu. Nde ñaawoore ndee fellitii e makko, o felliti waylude golle makko, o naati e fannu sariya, o dañi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde faggudu to Londres (LSE) ngam janngude sariya. O ummii leydi Naajeeriya e lewru Duujal hitaande 1949, o heɓi LLB ( Bachelor of Laws ) e lewru Juko hitaande 1952. O heɓi jaŋde Bar e ɗemngal Engele, o noddaa e fedde Bar ( Inner Temple ) ngam wonde awokaaji . Ko kanko woni gorko Ijesha gadano noddiraaɗo to Bar Engele. O artii leydi Naajeeriya ko adii juulde kirsimeeti e hitaande 1952. == Golle politik == Olowofoyeku ina anndi tooñanngeeji renndo e ŋakkeende doole jowitiiɗe e njurum makko nde o woni almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. Andrew, o fellitii yiytude feere politik ngam haɓaade njuɓɓudi tagndi ɗum ndii. E ƴaañgal janngirɗe ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Herbert Macaulay]], o anndi [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]], hooreejo NCNC, rewrude e mawɗo Odeleye Fadahunsi, mawɗo Ijesha goɗɗo njillu [[London|to Londres]] . Olowofoyeku naati NCNC nder hitaande 1952, nden o warti tergal kuugal NCNC les Azikiwe nder hitaande 1954. Koloni e Protectorate Naajeeriya lomtinaama nder lewru Oktoba 1954 bee [[Hautugo Naajeeriya|Federaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya]], koloni fedde nde haa ragare heɓi jaalorgal mawngal bee lesdi Biritaniya'en . [[Biritaani-Mawndi|Leydi Biritaniya]] hokki Fedde nde jeytaare mum bana laamu nder Commonwealth Nations nyande 1 Oktoobar 1960. Olowofoyeku suɓaama hooreejo diiso diiwaan wuro [[Ilesa West|Ilesha]] (IUDC) e hitaande 1956, e nder hitaande ndee kadi o heɓi suɓaade hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan hirnaange. E nder ooɗoo sahaa, o yiɗiino ƴellitde Ilesha e tolnooji ɗi o seedtinoo heɓde e London County Council e nder jaŋde makko to [[London]] . Ko o waɗi e Ilesha ko : udditde ndiyam ɗam e nder tuubaaji, kuuraa, ƴellitgol luumooji, peewnugol wuro, mahngo laabi, laaɓal e wellitaare gollotooɓe diisnondiral. Olowofoyeku wonnoo ko tergal e fedde depiteeji NCNC to batuuji doosɗe leydi Najeriya to London e hitaande 1957 e hitaande 1958, paandaale mum ko ɗaɓɓude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya e juuɗe Angalteer. O suɓaama kadi e nder suudu sarɗiiji Hirnaange e hitaande 1956 e dow laylaytol NCNC lomtotooɗo diiwaan Ilesha hakkundeejo. Olowofoyeku wonnoo ko tergal e goomu NCNC ngam Afrik e geɗe caggal leydi. O ardii kadi Goomu toppitiingu sariyaaji NCNC, tawi ina jeyaa heen kadi Richard Akinjide, mawɗo Adeniran Ogunsanya, Kehinde Sofola, e Tunji Ogunbiyi. [ ciimtol ina haani ] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2229ffaaow4qm1a01ax1r42igrj831m 176473 176472 2026-06-25T14:19:55Z Sardeeq 14292 176473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Babatunji Olowofoyeku''' OFR SAN ( Yoruba , ; 21 lewru Mbooy 1917 – 26 Mars 2003) ko o dawriyanke, jannginoowo, awokaa e golloowo laamu, ko [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yorubaajo]], jeyaaɗo to [[Ilesa West|Ilesha]] to [[Diiwal Osun|diiwaan Osun]] to leydi Nijeer, mo golle mum politik puɗɗii ko e cakkital kitaale 1950.<ref>Aluwong, Jeremiah (1 May 2022). "Nigerians In History: Babatunji Olowofoyeku". Connectnigeria Articles. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Olowofoyeku jibinaa ko e lewru mee 1917, o mawni ko e jibinannde cakkitiinde e nder galle jaajɗo aadaaji to [[Ilesa West|Ilesha]], wuro to bannge hirnaange-fuɗnaange-rewo ko adii ɗuum ko [[Western Nigeria Protectorate|Hirnaange Nijeer]], ko protektorat e nder laamu Biritaan . [[Ilesa West|Ilesha]] ko adii ɗuum ina wonnoo e keerol hakkunde mum e Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, ina ɓadii keeri hakkunde mum e Dahomey laamiiɗo [[Farayse]] . E hitaande 1914, protektoraatuuji Biritaan ɗiɗo ɗii fof, kam e Koloni Lagos, kawraa, mbaɗti wonde Koloni e Protektoraat Nijeer . Olowofoyeku jibinaa ko hedde duuɓi tati caggal nde ngalɗoo dental koloñaal kesal sosaa e juuɗe Angalteer. Baaba makko maayi ko lebbi seeɗa hade makko jibineede. Yumma makko winnditi mo nde o yahrata e duuɓi 5 to duɗal Methodist Otapete o lootaama toon e nder Egliis Methodist e hitaande 1924 o ƴetti innde Kerecee'en " Daniel ". E nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Otapete, Olowofoyeku hawri e sehil mum, hono Tai Solarin, mo nganndu-ɗaa e oon sahaa ko Augustus Solarin, wonti sehil mum haa abada. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njanngii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. Andrew, Oyo, tuggi 1936 haa 1942. Solarin caggal mum wiyi wonde o wayliima no feewi e binndol Olowofoyeku ngol o waɗi heen teskuyaaji wonde won e koloñaal en ko majjere, kadi ɓe ngonaa peewnitiiɓe no feewi e golle ɗe ɓe ndokkaa lifo, e toon rureves alaa ko lifo Nigeria. Ngalɗoo binndanɗe, o ñaawaama sabu luulndaade ngonka (status quo), o dartinaa e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde e hitaande makko jaŋde sakkitiinde. Kono o jooɗii, o jaɓi ekkol jannginoowo timmuɗo, o woni almuudo yaajɗo hitaande caggal ɗuum. O woppi caggal ɗuum innde hakkundeere ndee "Daniyel" ngam salaade tooñanngeeji ɗi laamuuji koloñaal njiyri mo ɗii. E hitaande 1932, Olowofoyeku jaɓi fuɗɗoraade golle jannginoowo almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Otapete, hade mum fuɗɗaade janngude jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. == Golle jannginde == Olowofoyeku jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oduduwa gila lewru Oktoobar 1942 haa 1943. Almuɓɓe makko ina njeyaa heen Richard Akinjide, caggal ɗuum wonti Awokaa mawɗo [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]] . Tuggi hitaande 1943 haa lewru Yarkomaa 1947, o woni jannginoowo ɗemngal Latin to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Methodist, [[Lagos|to Lagos]] . Toɗɗagol makko gadanol e gardagol duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Western Boys, to leydi Benin, tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1947 haa lewru Desammbar 1948. E nder oon sahaa e hitaande 1948, o ƴetti, o heɓi dipolomaaji BA External Intermediate to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Londres, o janngi e kursus binnditagol . Olowofoyeku ummiima Ijebu-Ode ngam ƴettude toɗɗagol hooreejo 3ɓo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Olu-Iwa (ngal wayli innde mum e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Adeola Odutola e hitaande 1964), o golliima gila lewru Yarkomaa 1949 haa lewru Desammbar 1949. == Golle sariya == E nder faddaade ñaawoore fuɗɗaande e makko e hitaande 1948, Olowofoyeku wiɗtii, rokki yamiroore awokaa makko deenoowo to ñaawirdu. Nde ñaawoore ndee fellitii e makko, o felliti waylude golle makko, o naati e fannu sariya, o dañi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde faggudu to Londres (LSE) ngam janngude sariya. O ummii leydi Naajeeriya e lewru Duujal hitaande 1949, o heɓi LLB ( Bachelor of Laws ) e lewru Juko hitaande 1952. O heɓi jaŋde Bar e ɗemngal Engele, o noddaa e fedde Bar ( Inner Temple ) ngam wonde awokaaji . Ko kanko woni gorko Ijesha gadano noddiraaɗo to Bar Engele. O artii leydi Naajeeriya ko adii juulde kirsimeeti e hitaande 1952. == Golle politik == Olowofoyeku ina anndi tooñanngeeji renndo e ŋakkeende doole jowitiiɗe e njurum makko nde o woni almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. Andrew, o fellitii yiytude feere politik ngam haɓaade njuɓɓudi tagndi ɗum ndii. E ƴaañgal janngirɗe ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Herbert Macaulay]], o anndi [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]], hooreejo NCNC, rewrude e mawɗo Odeleye Fadahunsi, mawɗo Ijesha goɗɗo njillu [[London|to Londres]] . Olowofoyeku naati NCNC nder hitaande 1952, nden o warti tergal kuugal NCNC les Azikiwe nder hitaande 1954. Koloni e Protectorate Naajeeriya lomtinaama nder lewru Oktoba 1954 bee [[Hautugo Naajeeriya|Federaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya]], koloni fedde nde haa ragare heɓi jaalorgal mawngal bee lesdi Biritaniya'en . [[Biritaani-Mawndi|Leydi Biritaniya]] hokki Fedde nde jeytaare mum bana laamu nder Commonwealth Nations nyande 1 Oktoobar 1960. Olowofoyeku suɓaama hooreejo diiso diiwaan wuro [[Ilesa West|Ilesha]] (IUDC) e hitaande 1956, e nder hitaande ndee kadi o heɓi suɓaade hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan hirnaange. E nder ooɗoo sahaa, o yiɗiino ƴellitde Ilesha e tolnooji ɗi o seedtinoo heɓde e London County Council e nder jaŋde makko to [[London]] . Ko o waɗi e Ilesha ko : udditde ndiyam ɗam e nder tuubaaji, kuuraa, ƴellitgol luumooji, peewnugol wuro, mahngo laabi, laaɓal e wellitaare gollotooɓe diisnondiral. Olowofoyeku wonnoo ko tergal e fedde depiteeji NCNC to batuuji doosɗe leydi Najeriya to London e hitaande 1957 e hitaande 1958, paandaale mum ko ɗaɓɓude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya e juuɗe Angalteer. O suɓaama kadi e nder suudu sarɗiiji Hirnaange e hitaande 1956 e dow laylaytol NCNC lomtotooɗo diiwaan Ilesha hakkundeejo. Olowofoyeku wonnoo ko tergal e goomu NCNC ngam Afrik e geɗe caggal leydi. O ardii kadi Goomu toppitiingu sariyaaji NCNC, tawi ina jeyaa heen kadi Richard Akinjide, mawɗo Adeniran Ogunsanya, Kehinde Sofola, e Tunji Ogunbiyi. [ ciimtol ina haani ] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cek7xmf6edv6t6wjlixf05jmgcosm1h 0 42561 176474 2026-06-25T14:21:10Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360412806|Sarah Jibril]]" 176474 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarah Nnadzwa Jibril''' (jibinaa ko hitaande 1945) ko dawriyanke Najeriya, ganndo hakkille, daraniiɗo waylude renndo, e balloowo yimɓe . O anndaama ngam o laati ardiiɗo lesdi [[Goodluck Jonathan|Naajeeriya Goodluck Jonathan]] dow ko laarani ummaatoore nden boo ngam o ɗon mari bawɗe dow ko laarani ummaatoore e semmbiɗinki rewɓe e sukaaɓe lesdi Naajeeriya. Jibril woni debbo arandeejo nder lesdi Naajeeriya, nder suɓol lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o ɗon mari haaje suɓugo hooreejo lesdi laabi nayi. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Sarah Nnadzwa jibinaa ko to [[Diiwal Kwara|diiwaan Kwara]] e lewru marse hitaande 1945, ko adii nde leydi Naajeeriya ina wonta leydi ndimaagu mum. O jeyaa ko e leñol Nupe e nder diiwaan laamu Pategi e nder [[Diiwal Kwara|diiwaan Kwara]] . O heɓi jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal Queen Elizabeth, [[Ilorin]], ɗo o fiyi basket, o woni kadi kapiteen dingiral galle, o tawtortoo ko diwgol toowngol e dogdu. Nde o woni cukalel ndee, o yiɗiino wonde safroowo, kono ɗum joofi ko caggal nde o heɓi bursi ngam heɓde dipolomaaji jaŋde to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] . Kono, caggal nde o arti [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]], Jibril ƴettii yeewtere e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe, [[Kano]], ngam jannginde jaŋde ɓanndu e cellal. O heɓi dipolom makko gadano e ardorde fijirde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde mawngal to Fort Leavenworth, to wuro Kansas . <ref name="peoplesdaily" /> Jibril ina jogii kadi dipolomaaji master e ganndal hakkille e ardorde e minor e wasiyaaji to [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]] . <ref name="peoplesdaily" /> Ko adii nde o naatata e politik, o woniino e golloraade binndanɗe makko ko faati e ganndal renndo to [[Janngirde Ahmadu Bello|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya|Zaria]] . E nder weltaare makko e naatgol makko e diine, Jibril heɓi bursi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde The Living Word to Amerik ngam fuɗɗaade jaŋde makko PhD e Motivation Chrétienne. <ref name="peoplesdaily" /> Jibril ko daraniiɗo jaŋde nehdi, nde o sikki ko kañum woni jokkere enɗam e ƴellitaare neɗɗo moƴƴere. E hitaande 2006, deftere makko wiyeteende ''Ethique pour le Développement'', yalti ngam wallitde golle makko. Deftere maako arandeere, ''Hints ngam jibinannde booɗnde: ngam nguurdam ɓesngu booɗɗum'', wurtinaama ngam wallugo chapter Makurdi nder kawtal rewɓe ofiseeji konu Naajeeriya, Etutu Brigade. == Golle politik == Jibril ɗaɓɓita laamu fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1983 nde o fotnoo wonde senaateer to [[Diiwal Kwara|diiwaan Kwara]] . E wiiki maako, yidde waylugo hakkilo Naajeeriya'en dow siyaasaaku woni ko wadi mo nastugo nder maajum. O hollitii wonde innde makko, "Sarah", ina hawri e yiɗde makko e leydi Najeriya. Jibril toɗɗaama kadi komisinaajo ngam ɓamtaare renndo, sukaaɓe, e fijirde nder diiwal Kwara, nden o huuwi nder kuuɗe fijirle feere-feere, hawtaade e kawtal fijooji diiwal Kaduna . [1] E hitaande 1992, o haɓaama ngam wonde hooreejo leydi e les njiimaandi lannda Sosiyaal Demokaraat kono o woni nayaɓo e woote gardagol leydi, hay so tawii o dañii noddaango hooreejo leydi e nder diiwaan makko, hono Kwara. [1] O artiri e woote hooreejo leydi e hitaande 1998, e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi Leñol (PDP) kono o fooli Olusegun Obasanjo . E hitaande 2003, o ummii e PDP o naati e Progressive Action Congress ngam wonde debbo gadano lomtaade lannda winnditiiɗo e wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi kono o fooli Obasanjo kadi. [2] Gila e ndeen hitaande, Jibril woni cukko hooreejo lannda « Libération Progressive ». [1] E nder wooteeji gardagol leydi PDP e hitaande 2007, Jibril heɓi wooteeji nay. [3] E nder wooteeji gardagol leydi 2011, ko Jibril tan woni kanndidaa debbo gardinooɗo PDP. O dogi kampaañ mo kaalis mum famɗi no feewi, so o renndinii e kampaañ banndiraaɓe makko worɓe , caggal nde o fooli [[Goodluck Jonathan|hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan]] e woote goote tan, o toɗɗaa ko jaagorgal keeringal to bannge nehdi e nafooje. Ndeen Jibril wiyi hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan yo ɓeydu rewɓe e nder kabine mum. Ko o jaagorgal keeringal, o ƴami janngirde lesdi ndi’i ngam heɓugo ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya dow ko laarani hukuumaaji pamari ɗi lesdi ndi’i fuu, e jogaago nafuuda lesdi ndi’i. Jibril tuumi luutndiiɓe hooreejo leydi [[Goodluck Jonathan]] E. wonde ɓe ngalaa jikkuuji, ɓe ngalaa nehdi. O aybi guwerneeruuji lesdi Naajeeriya ngam ɓe naftoraaki jawdi ndi laamu lesdi Naajeeriya hokki ɓe, nden o walli ardiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya Goodluck Jonathan. E hitaande 2015, Jibril ñiŋaama sabu mum siftinde ko heewi e bonanndeeji baɗeteeɗi e rewɓe ko e ɓoornaade comci ɗi moƴƴaani e sukaaɓe rewɓe Naajeeriya . E nder yewtere nde o waɗi bee ''Vanguard'', o walli hare hooreejo lesdi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ngam haɓugo bee hukuumaaji pamari, nden o wi'i hukuumaaji pamari ɗin waɗaayi ko foti ngam tabitinki nuɗɗinki e limngal. Gila hitaande 2021, Jibril ko hooreejo lannda « Justice doit prévaire » . == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Jibril ko debbo Brigadier Seneraal Jibril, ɓe ndañii ɓiɓɓe nayo e taaniraaɓe. Nde o resndi gorko mawɗo sooja'en, o laati hooreejo hukuuma [[Diiwal Ikko|lesdi Lagos]] nder kawtal rewɓe sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya . O anndi Nupe, [[Hausare|Hausa]], [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], e Engele. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] d4pdjv0idxcgsj1sek32znh3e5w5b0f 176475 176474 2026-06-25T14:21:31Z Sardeeq 14292 176475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarah Nnadzwa Jibril''' (jibinaa ko hitaande 1945) ko dawriyanke Najeriya, ganndo hakkille, daraniiɗo waylude renndo, e balloowo yimɓe . O anndaama ngam o laati ardiiɗo lesdi [[Goodluck Jonathan|Naajeeriya Goodluck Jonathan]] dow ko laarani ummaatoore nden boo ngam o ɗon mari bawɗe dow ko laarani ummaatoore e semmbiɗinki rewɓe e sukaaɓe lesdi Naajeeriya. Jibril woni debbo arandeejo nder lesdi Naajeeriya, nder suɓol lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o ɗon mari haaje suɓugo hooreejo lesdi laabi nayi. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Sarah Nnadzwa jibinaa ko to [[Diiwal Kwara|diiwaan Kwara]] e lewru marse hitaande 1945, ko adii nde leydi Naajeeriya ina wonta leydi ndimaagu mum. O jeyaa ko e leñol Nupe e nder diiwaan laamu Pategi e nder [[Diiwal Kwara|diiwaan Kwara]] . O heɓi jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal Queen Elizabeth, [[Ilorin]], ɗo o fiyi basket, o woni kadi kapiteen dingiral galle, o tawtortoo ko diwgol toowngol e dogdu. Nde o woni cukalel ndee, o yiɗiino wonde safroowo, kono ɗum joofi ko caggal nde o heɓi bursi ngam heɓde dipolomaaji jaŋde to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] . Kono, caggal nde o arti [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]], Jibril ƴettii yeewtere e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe, [[Kano]], ngam jannginde jaŋde ɓanndu e cellal. O heɓi dipolom makko gadano e ardorde fijirde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde mawngal to Fort Leavenworth, to wuro Kansas . <ref name="peoplesdaily" /> Jibril ina jogii kadi dipolomaaji master e ganndal hakkille e ardorde e minor e wasiyaaji to [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]] . <ref name="peoplesdaily" /> Ko adii nde o naatata e politik, o woniino e golloraade binndanɗe makko ko faati e ganndal renndo to [[Janngirde Ahmadu Bello|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya|Zaria]] . E nder weltaare makko e naatgol makko e diine, Jibril heɓi bursi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde The Living Word to Amerik ngam fuɗɗaade jaŋde makko PhD e Motivation Chrétienne. <ref name="peoplesdaily" /> Jibril ko daraniiɗo jaŋde nehdi, nde o sikki ko kañum woni jokkere enɗam e ƴellitaare neɗɗo moƴƴere. E hitaande 2006, deftere makko wiyeteende ''Ethique pour le Développement'', yalti ngam wallitde golle makko. Deftere maako arandeere, ''Hints ngam jibinannde booɗnde: ngam nguurdam ɓesngu booɗɗum'', wurtinaama ngam wallugo chapter Makurdi nder kawtal rewɓe ofiseeji konu Naajeeriya, Etutu Brigade. == Golle politik == Jibril ɗaɓɓita laamu fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1983 nde o fotnoo wonde senaateer to [[Diiwal Kwara|diiwaan Kwara]] . E wiiki maako, yidde waylugo hakkilo Naajeeriya'en dow siyaasaaku woni ko wadi mo nastugo nder maajum. O hollitii wonde innde makko, "Sarah", ina hawri e yiɗde makko e leydi Najeriya. Jibril toɗɗaama kadi komisinaajo ngam ɓamtaare renndo, sukaaɓe, e fijirde nder diiwal Kwara, nden o huuwi nder kuuɗe fijirle feere-feere, hawtaade e kawtal fijooji diiwal Kaduna . [1] E hitaande 1992, o haɓaama ngam wonde hooreejo leydi e les njiimaandi lannda Sosiyaal Demokaraat kono o woni nayaɓo e woote gardagol leydi, hay so tawii o dañii noddaango hooreejo leydi e nder diiwaan makko, hono Kwara. [1] O artiri e woote hooreejo leydi e hitaande 1998, e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi Leñol (PDP) kono o fooli Olusegun Obasanjo . E hitaande 2003, o ummii e PDP o naati e Progressive Action Congress ngam wonde debbo gadano lomtaade lannda winnditiiɗo e wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi kono o fooli Obasanjo kadi. [2] Gila e ndeen hitaande, Jibril woni cukko hooreejo lannda « Libération Progressive ». [1] E nder wooteeji gardagol leydi PDP e hitaande 2007, Jibril heɓi wooteeji nay. [3] E nder wooteeji gardagol leydi 2011, ko Jibril tan woni kanndidaa debbo gardinooɗo PDP. O dogi kampaañ mo kaalis mum famɗi no feewi, so o renndinii e kampaañ banndiraaɓe makko worɓe , caggal nde o fooli [[Goodluck Jonathan|hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan]] e woote goote tan, o toɗɗaa ko jaagorgal keeringal to bannge nehdi e nafooje. Ndeen Jibril wiyi hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan yo ɓeydu rewɓe e nder kabine mum. Ko o jaagorgal keeringal, o ƴami janngirde lesdi ndi’i ngam heɓugo ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya dow ko laarani hukuumaaji pamari ɗi lesdi ndi’i fuu, e jogaago nafuuda lesdi ndi’i. Jibril tuumi luutndiiɓe hooreejo leydi [[Goodluck Jonathan]] E. wonde ɓe ngalaa jikkuuji, ɓe ngalaa nehdi. O aybi guwerneeruuji lesdi Naajeeriya ngam ɓe naftoraaki jawdi ndi laamu lesdi Naajeeriya hokki ɓe, nden o walli ardiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya Goodluck Jonathan. E hitaande 2015, Jibril ñiŋaama sabu mum siftinde ko heewi e bonanndeeji baɗeteeɗi e rewɓe ko e ɓoornaade comci ɗi moƴƴaani e sukaaɓe rewɓe Naajeeriya . E nder yewtere nde o waɗi bee ''Vanguard'', o walli hare hooreejo lesdi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ngam haɓugo bee hukuumaaji pamari, nden o wi'i hukuumaaji pamari ɗin waɗaayi ko foti ngam tabitinki nuɗɗinki e limngal. Gila hitaande 2021, Jibril ko hooreejo lannda « Justice doit prévaire » . == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Jibril ko debbo Brigadier Seneraal Jibril, ɓe ndañii ɓiɓɓe nayo e taaniraaɓe. Nde o resndi gorko mawɗo sooja'en, o laati hooreejo hukuuma [[Diiwal Ikko|lesdi Lagos]] nder kawtal rewɓe sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya . O anndi Nupe, [[Hausare|Hausa]], [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], e Engele. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8qitq5twviim09ct2hzlvelumkf5ry2 0 42562 176476 2026-06-25T14:22:35Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354911980|Olu Falae]]" 176476 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo '''Samuel Oluyemisi Falae''' // c CFR (jibinaa ko ñalnde 21 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1938), ko banke, njuɓɓudi e politikyanke Najeriya ko kanko wonnoo binndoowo laamu konu [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida|Ibraahiima Babangida]] gila lewru Yarkomaa 1986 haa lewru Duujal 1990, e nder dumunna juutɗo, o woniino jaagorgal kaalis e hitaande 1990. O dañii woote ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Najeriya e Four ' == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Falae jibinaa ko e galle mawɗo Josuwa Alekete Falae e Abigail Aina Falae ñalnde 21 suwee 1938, to Ilu-Abo, Akure. Joshua Falae ummii ko Akure kono sabu fartaŋŋeeji e ndema kakawo, ɓesngu Falae e woɗɓe seeɗa jeyaaɓe e Akure ngummii e nokku ɓadiiɗo ina wiyee Ago-Abo – ina anndiraa kadi Ilu Abo – ɗo ɓe koɗi e nder pioneeruuji. Baaba Falae caggal mum waɗtaa mawɗo wuro Ago-Abo. Yumma Falae jibinaa, mawni ko e wuro Igbara-Oke, o maayi ko e jibinannde e hitaande 1946 nde Falae ina yahra e duuɓi Elemo mo Akure, mawɗo Adedipe Oporua Atoosin (kanko ko taaniiko Deji Arakale mo Akure, baaba Osupa). Falae janngi duɗal leslesal Angalteer to Akure ɗo o fotti e debbo makko garoowo, hono Rachael Olatubosun Fashoranti, miñiiko debbo gardiiɗo Afenifere biyeteeɗo Ruben Fashoranti. Caggal jaŋde leslesre, o jooɗii e jaŋde naatgol e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Igbobi, o jaɓaa e hitaande 1953. nde o timmini jaŋde makko toownde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamu, Ibadan e hitaande 1958, caggal ɗuum o wonti jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oyeme Akurekun Grammar, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oyeme Akurekun. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan ngam jaŋde makko leslesre o heɓi dipolom makko e faggudu, caggal ɗuum, o heɓi dipolom makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yale to [[Dowlaaji Dentuɗi|Amerik]] . To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o woniino wakiiliijo suudu hoɗorde makko e nder Diiso Wakiiliijo Almuɓɓe, o woniino kadi tergal e yiilirde rewindaade jaaynde almuɓɓe run campus. == Golle siwil e golle laamu == Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko leslesre to bannge faggudu, Falae naati e sarwisaaji laamu, o woni balloowo binndoowo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e golle ngenndiije. Caggal ɗuum o wonti balloowo mawɗo binndoowo fedde ndee. E hitaande 1971, o artiraa e biro peewnugol hakkundeejo, e hitaande 1975, o woni gardiiɗo biro peewnugol. E nder dumunna mo o woni e biro peewnugol, departemaa oo ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde e peewnugol peeje ƴellitaare ngenndiije tataɓere wonande leydi ndii e waɗde golle ƴeewndo caggal nde laamu nguu wayli. [1] E hitaande 1977, Falae toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal (departemaa faggudu), biro kabine. E hitaande 1981, o wonti gardiiɗo banki njulaagu leydi Najeriya (NMB), ko adii ɗuum ko United Dominion Trust. E nder laamu Falae to banke, fedde ndee ɓeydii kaalis mum baawɗo e ñamlude. Falae arti e golle laamu ko e hitaande 1986 nde o toɗɗaa Sekereteer laamu. Oon sahaa, o sikki ko leydi Najeriya ina foti ƴellitde faggudu leydi ndii. E hitaande 1985, hade makko toɗɗaade, militeer en ɗaɓɓiriino miijo renndo ngo eɓɓaande njuɓɓudi faggudu FMI, ko ɗum sarɗi ngam heɓde njoɓdi yaajndi ummoraade e kaalis oo. Miijo yimɓe fof ko salaade eɓɓaande ndee. Ndeen njuɓɓudi ndii arii e Porogaraam njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi (SAP). SAP wonnoo ko eɓɓaande ngam feewnude njeeygu ummoraade e laamu nguu fawii ko e petroŋ, tabitinde potal kaalis e ballal yoɓde e ɓeydagol ngol aldaa e inflation. Laabi potɗi huutoreede ngam heɓde ɗeen paandaale ko ustude njoɓdi naira, ustude ballal geɗe petroŋ e ustude njulaagu. E nder wakkati o woni e laamu, Falae wonti daraniiɗo SAP hay so tawii ko ɗum huunde nde yimɓe heewɓe njiɗaa, ɗum addani mo innde "Mr. SAP" e nder yimɓe leydi Najeriya. O yalti e golle Sekereteer laamu, o woni jaagorgal kaalis leydi ndii e hitaande 1990 e nder laamu konu [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida|Ibraahiima Babangida]] . O woppitaa e laamu ko e lewru ut 1990. Caggal ɗuum, o naati e porogaraam mbayliigu demokaraasi. == Golle politik == Naatgol Falae e politik fuɗɗii ko e jamaanu Republique tataɓo . Babangida haɗiino politikaaji ‘’ɓurɗi ɓooyde’’, tawi ko ɓuri heewde heen ko yimɓe joginooɓe jappeere suɓngooji e yontaaji ɓennuɗi ko wayi no [[Bola Ige]] e [[Lateef Kayode Jakande|Lateef Jakande]] . Falae ɓooyaani wonti kanndidaa cuɓaaɗo wonande almuɓɓe Awolowo e won e yahruɓe yeeso e nder lannda Sosiyaalist . O haɓaama e jappeere ndee kono o fooli Shehu Musa Yar'Adua hade wooteeji ɗii dartineede. O werlii caggal ɗuum ballal makko e njuɓɓudi makko ngam tabitinde yiɗde hooreejo leydi [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] . == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] cadbyx1d1vu50v9apxm4tqdo19jm4yo 176477 176476 2026-06-25T14:23:25Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354911980|Olu Falae]]" 176477 wikitext text/x-wiki   Mawɗo '''Samuel Oluyemisi Falae''' // c CFR (jibinaa ko ñalnde 21 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1938), ko banke, njuɓɓudi e politikyanke Najeriya ko kanko wonnoo binndoowo laamu konu [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida|Ibraahiima Babangida]] gila lewru Yarkomaa 1986 haa lewru Duujal 1990, e nder dumunna juutɗo, o woniino jaagorgal kaalis e hitaande 1990. O dañii woote ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Najeriya e Four ' == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Falae jibinaa ko e galle mawɗo Josuwa Alekete Falae e Abigail Aina Falae ñalnde 21 suwee 1938, to Ilu-Abo, Akure. Joshua Falae ummii ko Akure kono sabu fartaŋŋeeji e ndema kakawo, ɓesngu Falae e woɗɓe seeɗa jeyaaɓe e Akure ngummii e nokku ɓadiiɗo ina wiyee Ago-Abo – ina anndiraa kadi Ilu Abo – ɗo ɓe koɗi e nder pioneeruuji. Baaba Falae caggal mum waɗtaa mawɗo wuro Ago-Abo. Yumma Falae jibinaa, mawni ko e wuro Igbara-Oke, o maayi ko e jibinannde e hitaande 1946 nde Falae ina yahra e duuɓi Elemo mo Akure, mawɗo Adedipe Oporua Atoosin (kanko ko taaniiko Deji Arakale mo Akure, baaba Osupa). Falae janngi duɗal leslesal Angalteer to Akure ɗo o fotti e debbo makko garoowo, hono Rachael Olatubosun Fashoranti, miñiiko debbo gardiiɗo Afenifere biyeteeɗo Ruben Fashoranti. Caggal jaŋde leslesre, o jooɗii e jaŋde naatgol e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Igbobi, o jaɓaa e hitaande 1953. nde o timmini jaŋde makko toownde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamu, Ibadan e hitaande 1958, caggal ɗuum o wonti jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oyeme Akurekun Grammar, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oyeme Akurekun. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan ngam jaŋde makko leslesre o heɓi dipolom makko e faggudu, caggal ɗuum, o heɓi dipolom makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yale to [[Dowlaaji Dentuɗi|Amerik]] . To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o woniino wakiiliijo suudu hoɗorde makko e nder Diiso Wakiiliijo Almuɓɓe, o woniino kadi tergal e yiilirde rewindaade jaaynde almuɓɓe run campus. <ref>Commonwealth Observer Group, Commonwealth Secretariat. The National Assembly and Presidential Elections in Nigeria, 20 and 27 February 1999: Report. Page 27.</ref> == Golle siwil e golle laamu == Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko leslesre to bannge faggudu, Falae naati e sarwisaaji laamu, o woni balloowo binndoowo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e golle ngenndiije. Caggal ɗuum o wonti balloowo mawɗo binndoowo fedde ndee. E hitaande 1971, o artiraa e biro peewnugol hakkundeejo, e hitaande 1975, o woni gardiiɗo biro peewnugol. E nder dumunna mo o woni e biro peewnugol, departemaa oo ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde e peewnugol peeje ƴellitaare ngenndiije tataɓere wonande leydi ndii e waɗde golle ƴeewndo caggal nde laamu nguu wayli. [1] E hitaande 1977, Falae toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal (departemaa faggudu), biro kabine. E hitaande 1981, o wonti gardiiɗo banki njulaagu leydi Najeriya (NMB), ko adii ɗuum ko United Dominion Trust. E nder laamu Falae to banke, fedde ndee ɓeydii kaalis mum baawɗo e ñamlude. Falae arti e golle laamu ko e hitaande 1986 nde o toɗɗaa Sekereteer laamu. Oon sahaa, o sikki ko leydi Najeriya ina foti ƴellitde faggudu leydi ndii. E hitaande 1985, hade makko toɗɗaade, militeer en ɗaɓɓiriino miijo renndo ngo eɓɓaande njuɓɓudi faggudu FMI, ko ɗum sarɗi ngam heɓde njoɓdi yaajndi ummoraade e kaalis oo. Miijo yimɓe fof ko salaade eɓɓaande ndee. Ndeen njuɓɓudi ndii arii e Porogaraam njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi (SAP). SAP wonnoo ko eɓɓaande ngam feewnude njeeygu ummoraade e laamu nguu fawii ko e petroŋ, tabitinde potal kaalis e ballal yoɓde e ɓeydagol ngol aldaa e inflation. Laabi potɗi huutoreede ngam heɓde ɗeen paandaale ko ustude njoɓdi naira, ustude ballal geɗe petroŋ e ustude njulaagu. E nder wakkati o woni e laamu, Falae wonti daraniiɗo SAP hay so tawii ko ɗum huunde nde yimɓe heewɓe njiɗaa, ɗum addani mo innde "Mr. SAP" e nder yimɓe leydi Najeriya. O yalti e golle Sekereteer laamu, o woni jaagorgal kaalis leydi ndii e hitaande 1990 e nder laamu konu [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida|Ibraahiima Babangida]] . O woppitaa e laamu ko e lewru ut 1990. Caggal ɗuum, o naati e porogaraam mbayliigu demokaraasi. == Golle politik == Naatgol Falae e politik fuɗɗii ko e jamaanu Republique tataɓo . Babangida haɗiino politikaaji ‘’ɓurɗi ɓooyde’’, tawi ko ɓuri heewde heen ko yimɓe joginooɓe jappeere suɓngooji e yontaaji ɓennuɗi ko wayi no [[Bola Ige]] e [[Lateef Kayode Jakande|Lateef Jakande]] . Falae ɓooyaani wonti kanndidaa cuɓaaɗo wonande almuɓɓe Awolowo e won e yahruɓe yeeso e nder lannda Sosiyaalist . O haɓaama e jappeere ndee kono o fooli Shehu Musa Yar'Adua hade wooteeji ɗii dartineede. O werlii caggal ɗuum ballal makko e njuɓɓudi makko ngam tabitinde yiɗde hooreejo leydi [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] . == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] btoukuiopl8o9a0emprn2h8t9xt5hjg 176478 176477 2026-06-25T14:23:48Z Sardeeq 14292 176478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mawɗo '''Samuel Oluyemisi Falae''' // c CFR (jibinaa ko ñalnde 21 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1938), ko banke, njuɓɓudi e politikyanke Najeriya ko kanko wonnoo binndoowo laamu konu [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida|Ibraahiima Babangida]] gila lewru Yarkomaa 1986 haa lewru Duujal 1990, e nder dumunna juutɗo, o woniino jaagorgal kaalis e hitaande 1990. O dañii woote ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Najeriya e Four ' == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Falae jibinaa ko e galle mawɗo Josuwa Alekete Falae e Abigail Aina Falae ñalnde 21 suwee 1938, to Ilu-Abo, Akure. Joshua Falae ummii ko Akure kono sabu fartaŋŋeeji e ndema kakawo, ɓesngu Falae e woɗɓe seeɗa jeyaaɓe e Akure ngummii e nokku ɓadiiɗo ina wiyee Ago-Abo – ina anndiraa kadi Ilu Abo – ɗo ɓe koɗi e nder pioneeruuji. Baaba Falae caggal mum waɗtaa mawɗo wuro Ago-Abo. Yumma Falae jibinaa, mawni ko e wuro Igbara-Oke, o maayi ko e jibinannde e hitaande 1946 nde Falae ina yahra e duuɓi Elemo mo Akure, mawɗo Adedipe Oporua Atoosin (kanko ko taaniiko Deji Arakale mo Akure, baaba Osupa). Falae janngi duɗal leslesal Angalteer to Akure ɗo o fotti e debbo makko garoowo, hono Rachael Olatubosun Fashoranti, miñiiko debbo gardiiɗo Afenifere biyeteeɗo Ruben Fashoranti. Caggal jaŋde leslesre, o jooɗii e jaŋde naatgol e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Igbobi, o jaɓaa e hitaande 1953. nde o timmini jaŋde makko toownde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamu, Ibadan e hitaande 1958, caggal ɗuum o wonti jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oyeme Akurekun Grammar, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oyeme Akurekun. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan ngam jaŋde makko leslesre o heɓi dipolom makko e faggudu, caggal ɗuum, o heɓi dipolom makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yale to [[Dowlaaji Dentuɗi|Amerik]] . To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o woniino wakiiliijo suudu hoɗorde makko e nder Diiso Wakiiliijo Almuɓɓe, o woniino kadi tergal e yiilirde rewindaade jaaynde almuɓɓe run campus. <ref>Commonwealth Observer Group, Commonwealth Secretariat. The National Assembly and Presidential Elections in Nigeria, 20 and 27 February 1999: Report. Page 27.</ref> == Golle siwil e golle laamu == Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko leslesre to bannge faggudu, Falae naati e sarwisaaji laamu, o woni balloowo binndoowo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e golle ngenndiije. Caggal ɗuum o wonti balloowo mawɗo binndoowo fedde ndee. E hitaande 1971, o artiraa e biro peewnugol hakkundeejo, e hitaande 1975, o woni gardiiɗo biro peewnugol. E nder dumunna mo o woni e biro peewnugol, departemaa oo ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde e peewnugol peeje ƴellitaare ngenndiije tataɓere wonande leydi ndii e waɗde golle ƴeewndo caggal nde laamu nguu wayli. [1] E hitaande 1977, Falae toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal (departemaa faggudu), biro kabine. E hitaande 1981, o wonti gardiiɗo banki njulaagu leydi Najeriya (NMB), ko adii ɗuum ko United Dominion Trust. E nder laamu Falae to banke, fedde ndee ɓeydii kaalis mum baawɗo e ñamlude. Falae arti e golle laamu ko e hitaande 1986 nde o toɗɗaa Sekereteer laamu. Oon sahaa, o sikki ko leydi Najeriya ina foti ƴellitde faggudu leydi ndii. E hitaande 1985, hade makko toɗɗaade, militeer en ɗaɓɓiriino miijo renndo ngo eɓɓaande njuɓɓudi faggudu FMI, ko ɗum sarɗi ngam heɓde njoɓdi yaajndi ummoraade e kaalis oo. Miijo yimɓe fof ko salaade eɓɓaande ndee. Ndeen njuɓɓudi ndii arii e Porogaraam njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi (SAP). SAP wonnoo ko eɓɓaande ngam feewnude njeeygu ummoraade e laamu nguu fawii ko e petroŋ, tabitinde potal kaalis e ballal yoɓde e ɓeydagol ngol aldaa e inflation. Laabi potɗi huutoreede ngam heɓde ɗeen paandaale ko ustude njoɓdi naira, ustude ballal geɗe petroŋ e ustude njulaagu. E nder wakkati o woni e laamu, Falae wonti daraniiɗo SAP hay so tawii ko ɗum huunde nde yimɓe heewɓe njiɗaa, ɗum addani mo innde "Mr. SAP" e nder yimɓe leydi Najeriya. O yalti e golle Sekereteer laamu, o woni jaagorgal kaalis leydi ndii e hitaande 1990 e nder laamu konu [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida|Ibraahiima Babangida]] . O woppitaa e laamu ko e lewru ut 1990. Caggal ɗuum, o naati e porogaraam mbayliigu demokaraasi. == Golle politik == Naatgol Falae e politik fuɗɗii ko e jamaanu Republique tataɓo . Babangida haɗiino politikaaji ‘’ɓurɗi ɓooyde’’, tawi ko ɓuri heewde heen ko yimɓe joginooɓe jappeere suɓngooji e yontaaji ɓennuɗi ko wayi no [[Bola Ige]] e [[Lateef Kayode Jakande|Lateef Jakande]] . Falae ɓooyaani wonti kanndidaa cuɓaaɗo wonande almuɓɓe Awolowo e won e yahruɓe yeeso e nder lannda Sosiyaalist . O haɓaama e jappeere ndee kono o fooli Shehu Musa Yar'Adua hade wooteeji ɗii dartineede. O werlii caggal ɗuum ballal makko e njuɓɓudi makko ngam tabitinde yiɗde hooreejo leydi [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] . == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 42xezgaz50b6nuan2ed6d29bazx5kxm 0 42563 176479 2026-06-25T17:49:04Z Sirjat 14855 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359982474|Yopougon Stormwater Drain]]" 176479 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ɗaɗi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam Yopougon''' ko eɓɓaande mahngo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder komin Yopougon, to Abijaan, [[Kodduwaar]] . Golle vursugol ze ina njokki e les njiimaandi ''Projet d'Assainissement et de Résilience Urbaine'' (PARU), woni porogaraam vursugol ilam e vursugol gure, mo laamu Kodduwaar e Banke Adunaajo mballiti. == Ɓawo == Yopougon heɓi caɗeele ilam keewɗe, ɗe njibinii yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii e njuɓɓudi wuro ngoo. E wiyde gardiiɗo Banke Adunanke toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njulaagu, Franz Drees-Gross, caɗeele mawɗe ilam e nder komin oo addani mahngo njulaagu kesu ngam ƴellitde ndiyam. == Mahugo == E lewru desaambar 2024, ardiiɓe Banke Adunanke njilliima nokku peewnugol ndiyam ɗam to Yopougon. E nder njillu nguu, Franz Drees-Gross hollitii wonde eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kanndaa ɓuuɓɗo fotde kilooji nay njuuteendi. Hooreejo eɓɓaande ndee hollitii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 230 000 neɗɗo ina mbaawi naftoraade golle moƴƴe e peeje reende ilam. == Tuugnorgal == 3ch596vkd8gpe8zryxav16edrcu04b5 176480 176479 2026-06-25T17:49:19Z Sirjat 14855 176480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ɗaɗi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam Yopougon''' ko eɓɓaande mahngo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder komin Yopougon, to Abijaan, [[Kodduwaar]] . Golle vursugol ze ina njokki e les njiimaandi ''Projet d'Assainissement et de Résilience Urbaine'' (PARU), woni porogaraam vursugol ilam e vursugol gure, mo laamu Kodduwaar e Banke Adunaajo mballiti. == Ɓawo == Yopougon heɓi caɗeele ilam keewɗe, ɗe njibinii yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii e njuɓɓudi wuro ngoo. E wiyde gardiiɗo Banke Adunanke toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njulaagu, Franz Drees-Gross, caɗeele mawɗe ilam e nder komin oo addani mahngo njulaagu kesu ngam ƴellitde ndiyam. == Mahugo == E lewru desaambar 2024, ardiiɓe Banke Adunanke njilliima nokku peewnugol ndiyam ɗam to Yopougon. E nder njillu nguu, Franz Drees-Gross hollitii wonde eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kanndaa ɓuuɓɗo fotde kilooji nay njuuteendi. Hooreejo eɓɓaande ndee hollitii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 230 000 neɗɗo ina mbaawi naftoraade golle moƴƴe e peeje reende ilam. == Tuugnorgal == 9dftbl3h4vzguh3wb33i67oui9ofhfz 176481 176480 2026-06-25T17:49:52Z Sirjat 14855 176481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ɗaɗi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam Yopougon''' ko eɓɓaande mahngo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder komin Yopougon, to Abijaan, [[Kodduwaar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-10 |title=Yopougon : Une délégation de la Banque mondiale visite le chantier canaux de drainage des eaux pluviales du PARU {{!}} AbidjanTV.net {{!}} AbidjanTV.net |url=https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/,%20https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> Golle vursugol ze ina njokki e les njiimaandi ''Projet d'Assainissement et de Résilience Urbaine'' (PARU), woni porogaraam vursugol ilam e vursugol gure, mo laamu Kodduwaar e Banke Adunaajo mballiti. == Ɓawo == Yopougon heɓi caɗeele ilam keewɗe, ɗe njibinii yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii e njuɓɓudi wuro ngoo. E wiyde gardiiɗo Banke Adunanke toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njulaagu, Franz Drees-Gross, caɗeele mawɗe ilam e nder komin oo addani mahngo njulaagu kesu ngam ƴellitde ndiyam. == Mahugo == E lewru desaambar 2024, ardiiɓe Banke Adunanke njilliima nokku peewnugol ndiyam ɗam to Yopougon. E nder njillu nguu, Franz Drees-Gross hollitii wonde eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kanndaa ɓuuɓɗo fotde kilooji nay njuuteendi. Hooreejo eɓɓaande ndee hollitii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 230 000 neɗɗo ina mbaawi naftoraade golle moƴƴe e peeje reende ilam. == Tuugnorgal == hdrtjlsl7dea6y48jgd3u7txgqbho8k 176482 176481 2026-06-25T17:50:29Z Sirjat 14855 176482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ɗaɗi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam Yopougon''' ko eɓɓaande mahngo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder komin Yopougon, to Abijaan, [[Kodduwaar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-10 |title=Yopougon : Une délégation de la Banque mondiale visite le chantier canaux de drainage des eaux pluviales du PARU {{!}} AbidjanTV.net {{!}} AbidjanTV.net |url=https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/,%20https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> Golle vursugol ze ina njokki e les njiimaandi ''Projet d'Assainissement et de Résilience Urbaine'' (PARU), woni porogaraam vursugol ilam e vursugol gure, mo laamu Kodduwaar e Banke Adunaajo mballiti.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=La Banque mondiale salue les progrès des travaux de drainage à Yopougon - Abidjan.net News |url=https://news.abidjan.net/articles/737509/la-banque-mondiale-salue-les-progres-des-travaux-de-drainage-a-yopougon |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260305204725/https://news.abidjan.net/articles/737509/la-banque-mondiale-salue-les-progres-des-travaux-de-drainage-a-yopougon |archive-date=2026-03-05 |access-date=2026-05-31 |language=fr}}</ref> == Ɓawo == Yopougon heɓi caɗeele ilam keewɗe, ɗe njibinii yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii e njuɓɓudi wuro ngoo. E wiyde gardiiɗo Banke Adunanke toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njulaagu, Franz Drees-Gross, caɗeele mawɗe ilam e nder komin oo addani mahngo njulaagu kesu ngam ƴellitde ndiyam. == Mahugo == E lewru desaambar 2024, ardiiɓe Banke Adunanke njilliima nokku peewnugol ndiyam ɗam to Yopougon. E nder njillu nguu, Franz Drees-Gross hollitii wonde eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kanndaa ɓuuɓɗo fotde kilooji nay njuuteendi. Hooreejo eɓɓaande ndee hollitii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 230 000 neɗɗo ina mbaawi naftoraade golle moƴƴe e peeje reende ilam. == Tuugnorgal == 19eqophpvgcixfgajnhp02guitshbiz 176483 176482 2026-06-25T17:51:10Z Sirjat 14855 /* Ɓawo */ 176483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ɗaɗi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam Yopougon''' ko eɓɓaande mahngo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder komin Yopougon, to Abijaan, [[Kodduwaar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-10 |title=Yopougon : Une délégation de la Banque mondiale visite le chantier canaux de drainage des eaux pluviales du PARU {{!}} AbidjanTV.net {{!}} AbidjanTV.net |url=https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/,%20https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> Golle vursugol ze ina njokki e les njiimaandi ''Projet d'Assainissement et de Résilience Urbaine'' (PARU), woni porogaraam vursugol ilam e vursugol gure, mo laamu Kodduwaar e Banke Adunaajo mballiti.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=La Banque mondiale salue les progrès des travaux de drainage à Yopougon - Abidjan.net News |url=https://news.abidjan.net/articles/737509/la-banque-mondiale-salue-les-progres-des-travaux-de-drainage-a-yopougon |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260305204725/https://news.abidjan.net/articles/737509/la-banque-mondiale-salue-les-progres-des-travaux-de-drainage-a-yopougon |archive-date=2026-03-05 |access-date=2026-05-31 |language=fr}}</ref> == Ɓawo == Yopougon heɓi caɗeele ilam keewɗe, ɗe njibinii yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii e njuɓɓudi wuro ngoo. E wiyde gardiiɗo Banke Adunanke toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njulaagu, Franz Drees-Gross, caɗeele mawɗe ilam e nder komin oo addani mahngo njulaagu kesu ngam ƴellitde ndiyam.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Côte d’Ivoire-AIP/ La Banque mondiale salue les progrès des travaux de drainage à Yopougon – AIP – Agence Ivoirienne de Presse |url=https://www.aip.ci/134447/cote-divoire-aip-la-banque-mondiale-salue-les-progres-des-travaux-de-drainage-a-yopougon/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Mahugo == E lewru desaambar 2024, ardiiɓe Banke Adunanke njilliima nokku peewnugol ndiyam ɗam to Yopougon. E nder njillu nguu, Franz Drees-Gross hollitii wonde eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kanndaa ɓuuɓɗo fotde kilooji nay njuuteendi. Hooreejo eɓɓaande ndee hollitii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 230 000 neɗɗo ina mbaawi naftoraade golle moƴƴe e peeje reende ilam. == Tuugnorgal == cmcgx9spua8w7h1mo6bf6iu1858tjkk 0 42564 176485 2026-06-25T18:48:17Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176485 wikitext text/x-wiki Babatunde "Tunde" Abdulbaki Idiagbon (HeɗtoR) (14 suwee 1943 – 24 marse 1999) ko seneraal Najeriyaajo, gonnooɗo hooreejo konu 6ɓo, gardiiɗo toowɗo (ɗiɗaɓo e gardo) e les njiimaandi hooreejo konu leydi Seneraal Muhammadu183. O woniino kadi tergal teskinngal e laamuuji konu leydi Naajeeriya hakkunde hitaande 1966 e 1979, o woniino gardiiɗo konu e nder diiwaan Borno e les laamu konu Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo. Nguurndam gadano Idiagbon jibinaama nder saare baaba maako Hassan Dogo mo iwdi Fulani e yumma maako Ayisatu Iyabeji Hassan Idiagbon nyande 14 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1943 haa wuro Ilorin, lesdi Kwara. O naati duɗal leslesal United, Ilorin gila 1950 haa 1952 e duɗal leslesal mawngal Okesuna, Ilorin, 1953-57. O heɓi jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal konu leydi Nijeer hakkunde hitaande 1958 e hitaande 1962. Golle konu E hitaande 1962, Idiagbon naati konu Naajeeriya nde o winnditii e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu Naajeeriya (NMTC). E lewru feebariyee 1964, kolees oo innitiraa ko Akademi Defaas Nijeer (NDA). Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Idiagbon naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu Pakistaan, to Kakul (PMA Kakul), to Abbottabad, to Pakistaan, o heɓi ɗoon dipolom makko ko fayti e faggudu. Nde o ari leydi Naajeeriya ummoraade Pakistaan ​​o toɗɗaa ko lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e lewru abriil 1965. O woniino komandaajo sosiyetee, bataliyoŋ 4ɓo tuggi lewru ut 1965 haa lewru feebariyee 1966. E hitaande 1966 o janngi ngam kursus komandaajo tokooso to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde difagol leydi Naajeeriya, Kaduna. Tuggi 1966 haa 1967 o woni kadi ofisee toppitiiɗo humpito, bataliyoŋ 4ɓo e ofisee estaf mawɗo, toppitiiɗo humpito 3ɓo, sekteer 1ɓo. O artiraa e darnde lietnaa e hitaande 1966. O haɓi e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya, o waɗtaa komannda, bataliyoŋ 20 tuggi oktoobar 1967 haa feebariyee 1968. E hitaande 1968, o artiraa e darnde kapiteen. Ko kanko woni komandaajo, bataliyoŋ 125, tuggi 1968 haa 1970 - fedde hare kulɓiniinde. E hitaande 1970, o artiraa e darnde major. O waɗtaa brigade major e cukko komandant, 33 brigade tuggi marse 1970 haa marse 1971 e komandant, 29 brigade tuggi marse 1971 haa desammbar 1972. E lewru Yarkomaa 1973 o woni ofisee mawɗo estaf, Toɓɓere 1 e caggal ɗuum, ofisee mawɗo estaf Miiprelitme ( Headprelitme ofis). O artiraa e lietnaa kolonel e hitaande 1974. O waɗtaa komanndaa brigade, brigade 31 e 15 tuggi lewru ut 1975 haa ut 1978. E hitaande 1976, Idiagbon yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu e nder wuro Quetta, to leydi Pakistaan, ngam ɓeydaade heblo konu. E lewru sulyee 1978 o artiraa e darnde kolonel. O toɗɗaa ko gardiiɗo doole (manning) e peewnugol, Gardiiɗo konu e lewru oktoobar 1979. E lewru mee 1980 o artiraa e jappeere brigadier-général. E hitaande 1981, o naati duɗal ngenndiwal jaŋde politik e peeje, Kuru, Jos, diiwaan Plateau, leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1982 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde njuɓɓudi defansiyoŋ hakkunde leyɗeele, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naval, Amerik. O wonii binndoowo konu leydi Najeriya gila 1981 haa 1983. etg4hqqvh51qgc1iua84lsna7mbmabh 176486 176485 2026-06-25T18:57:25Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176486 wikitext text/x-wiki Babatunde "Tunde" Abdulbaki Idiagbon (HeɗtoR) (14 suwee 1943 – 24 marse 1999) ko seneraal Najeriyaajo, gonnooɗo hooreejo konu 6ɓo, gardiiɗo toowɗo (ɗiɗaɓo e gardo) e les njiimaandi hooreejo konu leydi Seneraal Muhammadu183. O woniino kadi tergal teskinngal e laamuuji konu leydi Naajeeriya hakkunde hitaande 1966 e 1979, o woniino gardiiɗo konu e nder diiwaan Borno e les laamu konu Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo. Nguurndam gadano Idiagbon jibinaama nder saare baaba maako Hassan Dogo mo iwdi Fulani e yumma maako Ayisatu Iyabeji Hassan Idiagbon nyande 14 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1943 haa wuro Ilorin, lesdi Kwara. O naati duɗal leslesal United, Ilorin gila 1950 haa 1952 e duɗal leslesal mawngal Okesuna, Ilorin, 1953-57. O heɓi jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal konu leydi Nijeer hakkunde hitaande 1958 e hitaande 1962. Golle konu E hitaande 1962, Idiagbon naati konu Naajeeriya nde o winnditii e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu Naajeeriya (NMTC). E lewru feebariyee 1964, kolees oo innitiraa ko Akademi Defaas Nijeer (NDA). Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Idiagbon naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu Pakistaan, to Kakul (PMA Kakul), to Abbottabad, to Pakistaan, o heɓi ɗoon dipolom makko ko fayti e faggudu. Nde o ari leydi Naajeeriya ummoraade Pakistaan ​​o toɗɗaa ko lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e lewru abriil 1965. O woniino komandaajo sosiyetee, bataliyoŋ 4ɓo tuggi lewru ut 1965 haa lewru feebariyee 1966. E hitaande 1966 o janngi ngam kursus komandaajo tokooso to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde difagol leydi Naajeeriya, Kaduna. Tuggi 1966 haa 1967 o woni kadi ofisee toppitiiɗo humpito, bataliyoŋ 4ɓo e ofisee estaf mawɗo, toppitiiɗo humpito 3ɓo, sekteer 1ɓo. O artiraa e darnde lietnaa e hitaande 1966. O haɓi e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya, o waɗtaa komannda, bataliyoŋ 20 tuggi oktoobar 1967 haa feebariyee 1968. E hitaande 1968, o artiraa e darnde kapiteen. Ko kanko woni komandaajo, bataliyoŋ 125, tuggi 1968 haa 1970 - fedde hare kulɓiniinde. E hitaande 1970, o artiraa e darnde major. O waɗtaa brigade major e cukko komandant, 33 brigade tuggi marse 1970 haa marse 1971 e komandant, 29 brigade tuggi marse 1971 haa desammbar 1972. E lewru Yarkomaa 1973 o woni ofisee mawɗo estaf, Toɓɓere 1 e caggal ɗuum, ofisee mawɗo estaf Miiprelitme ( Headprelitme ofis). O artiraa e lietnaa kolonel e hitaande 1974. O waɗtaa komanndaa brigade, brigade 31 e 15 tuggi lewru ut 1975 haa ut 1978. E hitaande 1976, Idiagbon yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu e nder wuro Quetta, to leydi Pakistaan, ngam ɓeydaade heblo konu. E lewru sulyee 1978 o artiraa e darnde kolonel. O toɗɗaa ko gardiiɗo doole (manning) e peewnugol, Gardiiɗo konu e lewru oktoobar 1979. E lewru mee 1980 o artiraa e jappeere brigadier-général. E hitaande 1981, o naati duɗal ngenndiwal jaŋde politik e peeje, Kuru, Jos, diiwaan Plateau, leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1982 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde njuɓɓudi defansiyoŋ hakkunde leyɗeele, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naval, Amerik. O wonii binndoowo konu leydi Najeriya gila 1981 haa 1983. Njuɓɓudi konu leydi Borno Tuggi lewru ut 1978 haa lewru oktoobar 1979, hooreejo leydi konu, Seneraal Obasanjo toɗɗii Idiagbon ngam wonde gardiiɗo konu (darnde wiyeteende hannde guwerneer) e nder diiwaan Borno, to leydi Nijeer. Mawɗo konu, Joɗnde Toownde Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari waɗi Idiagbon ɗiɗaɓo nder konu maako bana hooreejo konu, hooreejo hukuumaaji pamari gila 31 Duujal 1983 haa 27 Ogost 1985. O siftini bana sooje'en timmuɓe, o waɗi kuugal mawngal bana maande laamu sooje'en Buhari. Idiagbon artiraa e darnde seneraal mawɗo e hitaande 1985. O joginoo denndaangal kuutorɗe yiyteteeɗe e doole ngenndiije, politik, laamuyankooje e njuɓɓudi laamu. Idiagbon woniino kalfinaaɗo naatnude, bayyinde e huutoraade politikaaji keewɗi mawɗi laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen : Hare Haɓde e Ɓooygol Winndannde mawnde: Hare ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende nehdi Daawe joy hare luulndiinde njiimaandi ɗe Idiagbon habri e huutoraade ko ɗeeɗoo : Daawe gadane - Laabi, puɗɗii ko ñalnde 20 marse 1984 Daawe ɗiɗmere - Etikaaji golle, puɗɗiiɗi ñalnde 1 mee 1984 Daawe tataɓere - Ngenndiyaŋkaagal e yiɗde leydi, puɗɗii ko ñalnde 21 ut 1984 Daawe nayaɓere - Haɓde e njulaagu e sabotaas faggudu, fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 14 mee 1985 Daawe joyaɓere - Sanitaare nokkuuji, fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 29 sulyee 1985 Waylude kaalis e politik mbayliigu kaalis E lewru abriil hitaande 1984, Idiagbon hollitii wonde ina jogori waɗde kaalis keso ngam leydi Najeriya. O wiyi kaalis keso oo maa jokku innde wootere, kono kalaaji biyeeji ɗii maa ceertu. O hollitii kadi keerol mbayliigu kaalis wonande sosiyeteeji e yimɓe. Keerol gootol ngol ko 7 000 dolaar. O wi'i kala sosiyetee walla neɗɗo baylotooɗo ko ɓuri keerol ngol, ina foti hollude hol to kaalis o ummorii, ina haani laamu ngu heɓa heen seedantaagal. E wiyde Idiagbon, sabaabu mawɗo caɗeele faggudu ngenndi ndii "ko bonnude kaalis leydi Najeriya e nder njulaagu mawngu ngu rewaani laawol". Politik njulaagu lomtinande naatgol E hitaande 1984, Idiagbon huutoriima politik laamu militeer en ngam lomtinde naatgol e nder leydi hee, tuugiiɗo e kuutoragol kaɓirɗe nokkuuje. Naatgol ina tiiɗtinaa. Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko ƴellitde faggudu nokkuuji ɗii e nder politik oo. Yahdu e Porogaraam Leydi Kadi e hitaande 1984, Idiagbon ardii e huutoraade Porogaraam Go Back to Land mo jeyaa ko e politik ndema laamu nguu, hirjinoowo peewnugol nguura ndema keewngu, kadi jeyaa ko e peeje laamu militeer en ngam ustude baasal. Politik caggal leydi Tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1984 haa lewru Ut 1985, Idiagbon ƴetti denndaangal geɗe politik caggal leydi jowitiiɗe e kisal. O woniino e dow uddugol keeri, riiwtude yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, e haɓaade bonnugol caggal haala Umaru Dikko to Angalteer. O tawtoraama kadi golle dipolomaasi. E innde laamu konu leydi Naajeeriya, o siifondirii e delegaasiyoŋ njillu leydi Bulgari, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, hono Grisha Filipov, e hitaande 1984. O ardii diɗɗal ngal e hitaande 1984 to Dental Sowiyet ngam hawritde e hooreejo leydi Sowiyet, hono Konstantin Chernenko. 1985 kuudetaa konu Caggal lebbi 20 e laamu, laamu konu Buhari fooli laamu Ibrahiima Babangida ñalnde 27 lewru bowte hitaande 1985.[10] Idiagbon ittiraama e golle mum mawɗo gollordu, Supreme Headquarters, o waɗtaa e kasoo duuɓi tati, caggal nde o woppitaa o arti e wuro makko Ilorin, o wuuri e nder niɓɓere.[11] Nguurndam neɗɗo Ñalnde 6 marse 1970, Idiyagbon resi Biodun Idiyagbon (jibini ko Gamra). Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe worɓe ɗiɗo e ɓiɓɓe rewɓe tato: Adekunle, Junior, Ronke, Mope e Bola.[3] Ñalnde 24 marse 1999, Idiagbon maayi e nder ngonkaaji tuumeteeɗi no feewi.[12] Njeenaaje Seneraal mawɗo biyeteeɗo Idiagbon (Rtd.) heɓi njeenaaje e medayuuji keewɗi. E doggol alkule ɗe ina mbaɗi : Medaal golle ndeenka (DSM) Medaal golle ndeenka (Niiseer) Hoodere gollal doole (FSS) Hoodere gollal doole (Nijeer) Medaal gollal kuuɓtodinngal (GSM) Medaal kuugal kuuɓtodinngal (Niiseer) Medaal gollal ngenndiwal (NSM) Medaal gollal ngenndiwal (Niiseer) Tuugnorgal 3s1hw01zjzgpmc678mp7e34modj76hl 176487 176486 2026-06-25T19:00:23Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Babatunde "Tunde" Abdulbaki Idiagbon (HeɗtoR) (14 suwee 1943 – 24 marse 1999) ko seneraal Najeriyaajo, gonnooɗo hooreejo konu 6ɓo, gardiiɗo toowɗo (ɗiɗaɓo e gardo) e les njiimaandi hooreejo konu leydi Seneraal Muhammadu183. O woniino kadi tergal teskinngal e laamuuji konu leydi Naajeeriya hakkunde hitaande 1966 e 1979, o woniino gardiiɗo konu e nder diiwaan Borno e les laamu konu Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo. Nguurndam gadano Idiagbon jibinaama nder saare baaba maako Hassan Dogo mo iwdi Fulani e yumma maako Ayisatu Iyabeji Hassan Idiagbon nyande 14 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1943 haa wuro Ilorin, lesdi Kwara. O naati duɗal leslesal United, Ilorin gila 1950 haa 1952 e duɗal leslesal mawngal Okesuna, Ilorin, 1953-57. O heɓi jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal konu leydi Nijeer hakkunde hitaande 1958 e hitaande 1962. Golle konu E hitaande 1962, Idiagbon naati konu Naajeeriya nde o winnditii e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu Naajeeriya (NMTC). E lewru feebariyee 1964, kolees oo innitiraa ko Akademi Defaas Nijeer (NDA). Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Idiagbon naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu Pakistaan, to Kakul (PMA Kakul), to Abbottabad, to Pakistaan, o heɓi ɗoon dipolom makko ko fayti e faggudu. Nde o ari leydi Naajeeriya ummoraade Pakistaan ​​o toɗɗaa ko lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e lewru abriil 1965. O woniino komandaajo sosiyetee, bataliyoŋ 4ɓo tuggi lewru ut 1965 haa lewru feebariyee 1966. E hitaande 1966 o janngi ngam kursus komandaajo tokooso to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde difagol leydi Naajeeriya, Kaduna. Tuggi 1966 haa 1967 o woni kadi ofisee toppitiiɗo humpito, bataliyoŋ 4ɓo e ofisee estaf mawɗo, toppitiiɗo humpito 3ɓo, sekteer 1ɓo. O artiraa e darnde lietnaa e hitaande 1966. O haɓi e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya, o waɗtaa komannda, bataliyoŋ 20 tuggi oktoobar 1967 haa feebariyee 1968. E hitaande 1968, o artiraa e darnde kapiteen. Ko kanko woni komandaajo, bataliyoŋ 125, tuggi 1968 haa 1970 - fedde hare kulɓiniinde. E hitaande 1970, o artiraa e darnde major. O waɗtaa brigade major e cukko komandant, 33 brigade tuggi marse 1970 haa marse 1971 e komandant, 29 brigade tuggi marse 1971 haa desammbar 1972. E lewru Yarkomaa 1973 o woni ofisee mawɗo estaf, Toɓɓere 1 e caggal ɗuum, ofisee mawɗo estaf Miiprelitme ( Headprelitme ofis). O artiraa e lietnaa kolonel e hitaande 1974. O waɗtaa komanndaa brigade, brigade 31 e 15 tuggi lewru ut 1975 haa ut 1978. E hitaande 1976, Idiagbon yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu e nder wuro Quetta, to leydi Pakistaan, ngam ɓeydaade heblo konu. E lewru sulyee 1978 o artiraa e darnde kolonel. O toɗɗaa ko gardiiɗo doole (manning) e peewnugol, Gardiiɗo konu e lewru oktoobar 1979. E lewru mee 1980 o artiraa e jappeere brigadier-général. E hitaande 1981, o naati duɗal ngenndiwal jaŋde politik e peeje, Kuru, Jos, diiwaan Plateau, leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1982 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde njuɓɓudi defansiyoŋ hakkunde leyɗeele, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naval, Amerik. O wonii binndoowo konu leydi Najeriya gila 1981 haa 1983. Njuɓɓudi konu leydi Borno Tuggi lewru ut 1978 haa lewru oktoobar 1979, hooreejo leydi konu, Seneraal Obasanjo toɗɗii Idiagbon ngam wonde gardiiɗo konu (darnde wiyeteende hannde guwerneer) e nder diiwaan Borno, to leydi Nijeer. Mawɗo konu, Joɗnde Toownde Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari waɗi Idiagbon ɗiɗaɓo nder konu maako bana hooreejo konu, hooreejo hukuumaaji pamari gila 31 Duujal 1983 haa 27 Ogost 1985. O siftini bana sooje'en timmuɓe, o waɗi kuugal mawngal bana maande laamu sooje'en Buhari. Idiagbon artiraa e darnde seneraal mawɗo e hitaande 1985. O joginoo denndaangal kuutorɗe yiyteteeɗe e doole ngenndiije, politik, laamuyankooje e njuɓɓudi laamu. Idiagbon woniino kalfinaaɗo naatnude, bayyinde e huutoraade politikaaji keewɗi mawɗi laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen : Hare Haɓde e Ɓooygol Winndannde mawnde: Hare ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende nehdi Daawe joy hare luulndiinde njiimaandi ɗe Idiagbon habri e huutoraade ko ɗeeɗoo : Daawe gadane - Laabi, puɗɗii ko ñalnde 20 marse 1984 Daawe ɗiɗmere - Etikaaji golle, puɗɗiiɗi ñalnde 1 mee 1984 Daawe tataɓere - Ngenndiyaŋkaagal e yiɗde leydi, puɗɗii ko ñalnde 21 ut 1984 Daawe nayaɓere - Haɓde e njulaagu e sabotaas faggudu, fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 14 mee 1985 Daawe joyaɓere - Sanitaare nokkuuji, fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 29 sulyee 1985 Waylude kaalis e politik mbayliigu kaalis E lewru abriil hitaande 1984, Idiagbon hollitii wonde ina jogori waɗde kaalis keso ngam leydi Najeriya. O wiyi kaalis keso oo maa jokku innde wootere, kono kalaaji biyeeji ɗii maa ceertu. O hollitii kadi keerol mbayliigu kaalis wonande sosiyeteeji e yimɓe. Keerol gootol ngol ko 7 000 dolaar. O wi'i kala sosiyetee walla neɗɗo baylotooɗo ko ɓuri keerol ngol, ina foti hollude hol to kaalis o ummorii, ina haani laamu ngu heɓa heen seedantaagal. E wiyde Idiagbon, sabaabu mawɗo caɗeele faggudu ngenndi ndii "ko bonnude kaalis leydi Najeriya e nder njulaagu mawngu ngu rewaani laawol". Politik njulaagu lomtinande naatgol E hitaande 1984, Idiagbon huutoriima politik laamu militeer en ngam lomtinde naatgol e nder leydi hee, tuugiiɗo e kuutoragol kaɓirɗe nokkuuje. Naatgol ina tiiɗtinaa. Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko ƴellitde faggudu nokkuuji ɗii e nder politik oo. Yahdu e Porogaraam Leydi Kadi e hitaande 1984, Idiagbon ardii e huutoraade Porogaraam Go Back to Land mo jeyaa ko e politik ndema laamu nguu, hirjinoowo peewnugol nguura ndema keewngu, kadi jeyaa ko e peeje laamu militeer en ngam ustude baasal. Politik caggal leydi Tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1984 haa lewru Ut 1985, Idiagbon ƴetti denndaangal geɗe politik caggal leydi jowitiiɗe e kisal. O woniino e dow uddugol keeri, riiwtude yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, e haɓaade bonnugol caggal haala Umaru Dikko to Angalteer. O tawtoraama kadi golle dipolomaasi. E innde laamu konu leydi Naajeeriya, o siifondirii e delegaasiyoŋ njillu leydi Bulgari, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, hono Grisha Filipov, e hitaande 1984. O ardii diɗɗal ngal e hitaande 1984 to Dental Sowiyet ngam hawritde e hooreejo leydi Sowiyet, hono Konstantin Chernenko. 1985 kuudetaa konu Caggal lebbi 20 e laamu, laamu konu Buhari fooli laamu Ibrahiima Babangida ñalnde 27 lewru bowte hitaande 1985.[10] Idiagbon ittiraama e golle mum mawɗo gollordu, Supreme Headquarters, o waɗtaa e kasoo duuɓi tati, caggal nde o woppitaa o arti e wuro makko Ilorin, o wuuri e nder niɓɓere.[11] Nguurndam neɗɗo Ñalnde 6 marse 1970, Idiyagbon resi Biodun Idiyagbon (jibini ko Gamra). Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe worɓe ɗiɗo e ɓiɓɓe rewɓe tato: Adekunle, Junior, Ronke, Mope e Bola.[3] Ñalnde 24 marse 1999, Idiagbon maayi e nder ngonkaaji tuumeteeɗi no feewi.[12] Njeenaaje Seneraal mawɗo biyeteeɗo Idiagbon (Rtd.) heɓi njeenaaje e medayuuji keewɗi. E doggol alkule ɗe ina mbaɗi : Medaal golle ndeenka (DSM) Medaal golle ndeenka (Niiseer) Hoodere gollal doole (FSS) Hoodere gollal doole (Nijeer) Medaal gollal kuuɓtodinngal (GSM) Medaal kuugal kuuɓtodinngal (Niiseer) Medaal gollal ngenndiwal (NSM) Medaal gollal ngenndiwal (Niiseer) Tuugnorgal a206x6gegulylkzd1x8256ph66k85ly 176488 176487 2026-06-25T19:02:19Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Babatunde "Tunde" Abdulbaki Idiagbon''' (HeɗtoR) (14 suwee 1943 – 24 marse 1999) ko seneraal Najeriyaajo, gonnooɗo hooreejo konu 6ɓo, gardiiɗo toowɗo (ɗiɗaɓo e gardo) e les njiimaandi hooreejo konu leydi Seneraal Muhammadu183. O woniino kadi tergal teskinngal e laamuuji konu leydi Naajeeriya hakkunde hitaande 1966 e 1979, o woniino gardiiɗo konu e nder diiwaan Borno e les laamu konu Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo. Nguurndam gadano Idiagbon jibinaama nder saare baaba maako Hassan Dogo mo iwdi Fulani e yumma maako Ayisatu Iyabeji Hassan Idiagbon nyande 14 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1943 haa wuro Ilorin, lesdi Kwara. O naati duɗal leslesal United, Ilorin gila 1950 haa 1952 e duɗal leslesal mawngal Okesuna, Ilorin, 1953-57. O heɓi jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal konu leydi Nijeer hakkunde hitaande 1958 e hitaande 1962. Golle konu E hitaande 1962, Idiagbon naati konu Naajeeriya nde o winnditii e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu Naajeeriya (NMTC). E lewru feebariyee 1964, kolees oo innitiraa ko Akademi Defaas Nijeer (NDA). Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Idiagbon naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu Pakistaan, to Kakul (PMA Kakul), to Abbottabad, to Pakistaan, o heɓi ɗoon dipolom makko ko fayti e faggudu. Nde o ari leydi Naajeeriya ummoraade Pakistaan ​​o toɗɗaa ko lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e lewru abriil 1965. O woniino komandaajo sosiyetee, bataliyoŋ 4ɓo tuggi lewru ut 1965 haa lewru feebariyee 1966. E hitaande 1966 o janngi ngam kursus komandaajo tokooso to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde difagol leydi Naajeeriya, Kaduna. Tuggi 1966 haa 1967 o woni kadi ofisee toppitiiɗo humpito, bataliyoŋ 4ɓo e ofisee estaf mawɗo, toppitiiɗo humpito 3ɓo, sekteer 1ɓo. O artiraa e darnde lietnaa e hitaande 1966. O haɓi e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya, o waɗtaa komannda, bataliyoŋ 20 tuggi oktoobar 1967 haa feebariyee 1968. E hitaande 1968, o artiraa e darnde kapiteen. Ko kanko woni komandaajo, bataliyoŋ 125, tuggi 1968 haa 1970 - fedde hare kulɓiniinde. E hitaande 1970, o artiraa e darnde major. O waɗtaa brigade major e cukko komandant, 33 brigade tuggi marse 1970 haa marse 1971 e komandant, 29 brigade tuggi marse 1971 haa desammbar 1972. E lewru Yarkomaa 1973 o woni ofisee mawɗo estaf, Toɓɓere 1 e caggal ɗuum, ofisee mawɗo estaf Miiprelitme ( Headprelitme ofis). O artiraa e lietnaa kolonel e hitaande 1974. O waɗtaa komanndaa brigade, brigade 31 e 15 tuggi lewru ut 1975 haa ut 1978. E hitaande 1976, Idiagbon yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu e nder wuro Quetta, to leydi Pakistaan, ngam ɓeydaade heblo konu. E lewru sulyee 1978 o artiraa e darnde kolonel. O toɗɗaa ko gardiiɗo doole (manning) e peewnugol, Gardiiɗo konu e lewru oktoobar 1979. E lewru mee 1980 o artiraa e jappeere brigadier-général. E hitaande 1981, o naati duɗal ngenndiwal jaŋde politik e peeje, Kuru, Jos, diiwaan Plateau, leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1982 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde njuɓɓudi defansiyoŋ hakkunde leyɗeele, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naval, Amerik. O wonii binndoowo konu leydi Najeriya gila 1981 haa 1983. Njuɓɓudi konu leydi Borno Tuggi lewru ut 1978 haa lewru oktoobar 1979, hooreejo leydi konu, Seneraal Obasanjo toɗɗii Idiagbon ngam wonde gardiiɗo konu (darnde wiyeteende hannde guwerneer) e nder diiwaan Borno, to leydi Nijeer. Mawɗo konu, Joɗnde Toownde Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari waɗi Idiagbon ɗiɗaɓo nder konu maako bana hooreejo konu, hooreejo hukuumaaji pamari gila 31 Duujal 1983 haa 27 Ogost 1985. O siftini bana sooje'en timmuɓe, o waɗi kuugal mawngal bana maande laamu sooje'en Buhari. Idiagbon artiraa e darnde seneraal mawɗo e hitaande 1985. O joginoo denndaangal kuutorɗe yiyteteeɗe e doole ngenndiije, politik, laamuyankooje e njuɓɓudi laamu. Idiagbon woniino kalfinaaɗo naatnude, bayyinde e huutoraade politikaaji keewɗi mawɗi laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen : Hare Haɓde e Ɓooygol Winndannde mawnde: Hare ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende nehdi Daawe joy hare luulndiinde njiimaandi ɗe Idiagbon habri e huutoraade ko ɗeeɗoo : Daawe gadane - Laabi, puɗɗii ko ñalnde 20 marse 1984 Daawe ɗiɗmere - Etikaaji golle, puɗɗiiɗi ñalnde 1 mee 1984 Daawe tataɓere - Ngenndiyaŋkaagal e yiɗde leydi, puɗɗii ko ñalnde 21 ut 1984 Daawe nayaɓere - Haɓde e njulaagu e sabotaas faggudu, fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 14 mee 1985 Daawe joyaɓere - Sanitaare nokkuuji, fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 29 sulyee 1985 Waylude kaalis e politik mbayliigu kaalis E lewru abriil hitaande 1984, Idiagbon hollitii wonde ina jogori waɗde kaalis keso ngam leydi Najeriya. O wiyi kaalis keso oo maa jokku innde wootere, kono kalaaji biyeeji ɗii maa ceertu. O hollitii kadi keerol mbayliigu kaalis wonande sosiyeteeji e yimɓe. Keerol gootol ngol ko 7 000 dolaar. O wi'i kala sosiyetee walla neɗɗo baylotooɗo ko ɓuri keerol ngol, ina foti hollude hol to kaalis o ummorii, ina haani laamu ngu heɓa heen seedantaagal. E wiyde Idiagbon, sabaabu mawɗo caɗeele faggudu ngenndi ndii "ko bonnude kaalis leydi Najeriya e nder njulaagu mawngu ngu rewaani laawol". Politik njulaagu lomtinande naatgol E hitaande 1984, Idiagbon huutoriima politik laamu militeer en ngam lomtinde naatgol e nder leydi hee, tuugiiɗo e kuutoragol kaɓirɗe nokkuuje. Naatgol ina tiiɗtinaa. Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko ƴellitde faggudu nokkuuji ɗii e nder politik oo. Yahdu e Porogaraam Leydi Kadi e hitaande 1984, Idiagbon ardii e huutoraade Porogaraam Go Back to Land mo jeyaa ko e politik ndema laamu nguu, hirjinoowo peewnugol nguura ndema keewngu, kadi jeyaa ko e peeje laamu militeer en ngam ustude baasal. Politik caggal leydi Tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1984 haa lewru Ut 1985, Idiagbon ƴetti denndaangal geɗe politik caggal leydi jowitiiɗe e kisal. O woniino e dow uddugol keeri, riiwtude yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, e haɓaade bonnugol caggal haala Umaru Dikko to Angalteer. O tawtoraama kadi golle dipolomaasi. E innde laamu konu leydi Naajeeriya, o siifondirii e delegaasiyoŋ njillu leydi Bulgari, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, hono Grisha Filipov, e hitaande 1984. O ardii diɗɗal ngal e hitaande 1984 to Dental Sowiyet ngam hawritde e hooreejo leydi Sowiyet, hono Konstantin Chernenko. 1985 kuudetaa konu Caggal lebbi 20 e laamu, laamu konu Buhari fooli laamu Ibrahiima Babangida ñalnde 27 lewru bowte hitaande 1985.[10] Idiagbon ittiraama e golle mum mawɗo gollordu, Supreme Headquarters, o waɗtaa e kasoo duuɓi tati, caggal nde o woppitaa o arti e wuro makko Ilorin, o wuuri e nder niɓɓere.[11] Nguurndam neɗɗo Ñalnde 6 marse 1970, Idiyagbon resi Biodun Idiyagbon (jibini ko Gamra). Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe worɓe ɗiɗo e ɓiɓɓe rewɓe tato: Adekunle, Junior, Ronke, Mope e Bola.[3] Ñalnde 24 marse 1999, Idiagbon maayi e nder ngonkaaji tuumeteeɗi no feewi.[12] Njeenaaje Seneraal mawɗo biyeteeɗo Idiagbon (Rtd.) heɓi njeenaaje e medayuuji keewɗi. E doggol alkule ɗe ina mbaɗi : Medaal golle ndeenka (DSM) Medaal golle ndeenka (Niiseer) Hoodere gollal doole (FSS) Hoodere gollal doole (Nijeer) Medaal gollal kuuɓtodinngal (GSM) Medaal kuugal kuuɓtodinngal (Niiseer) Medaal gollal ngenndiwal (NSM) Medaal gollal ngenndiwal (Niiseer) Tuugnorgal 9p0vyk0g7v4vtriarg3jtokqh1mamxx 176489 176488 2026-06-25T19:03:53Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Babatunde "Tunde" Abdulbaki Idiagbon''' (HeɗtoR) (14 suwee 1943 – 24 marse 1999) ko seneraal Najeriyaajo, gonnooɗo hooreejo konu 6ɓo, gardiiɗo toowɗo (ɗiɗaɓo e gardo) e les njiimaandi hooreejo konu leydi Seneraal Muhammadu183. O woniino kadi tergal teskinngal e laamuuji konu leydi Naajeeriya hakkunde hitaande 1966 e 1979, o woniino gardiiɗo konu e nder diiwaan Borno e les laamu konu Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo. == Nguurndam gadano == Idiagbon jibinaama nder saare baaba maako Hassan Dogo mo iwdi Fulani e yumma maako Ayisatu Iyabeji Hassan Idiagbon nyande 14 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1943 haa wuro Ilorin, lesdi Kwara. O naati duɗal leslesal United, Ilorin gila 1950 haa 1952 e duɗal leslesal mawngal Okesuna, Ilorin, 1953-57. O heɓi jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal konu leydi Nijeer hakkunde hitaande 1958 e hitaande 1962. == Golle konu == E hitaande 1962, Idiagbon naati konu Naajeeriya nde o winnditii e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu Naajeeriya (NMTC). E lewru feebariyee 1964, kolees oo innitiraa ko Akademi Defaas Nijeer (NDA). Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Idiagbon naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu Pakistaan, to Kakul (PMA Kakul), to Abbottabad, to Pakistaan, o heɓi ɗoon dipolom makko ko fayti e faggudu. Nde o ari leydi Naajeeriya ummoraade Pakistaan ​​o toɗɗaa ko lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e lewru abriil 1965. O woniino komandaajo sosiyetee, bataliyoŋ 4ɓo tuggi lewru ut 1965 haa lewru feebariyee 1966. E hitaande 1966 o janngi ngam kursus komandaajo tokooso to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde difagol leydi Naajeeriya, Kaduna. Tuggi 1966 haa 1967 o woni kadi ofisee toppitiiɗo humpito, bataliyoŋ 4ɓo e ofisee estaf mawɗo, toppitiiɗo humpito 3ɓo, sekteer 1ɓo. O artiraa e darnde lietnaa e hitaande 1966. O haɓi e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya, o waɗtaa komannda, bataliyoŋ 20 tuggi oktoobar 1967 haa feebariyee 1968. E hitaande 1968, o artiraa e darnde kapiteen. Ko kanko woni komandaajo, bataliyoŋ 125, tuggi 1968 haa 1970 - fedde hare kulɓiniinde. E hitaande 1970, o artiraa e darnde major. O waɗtaa brigade major e cukko komandant, 33 brigade tuggi marse 1970 haa marse 1971 e komandant, 29 brigade tuggi marse 1971 haa desammbar 1972. E lewru Yarkomaa 1973 o woni ofisee mawɗo estaf, Toɓɓere 1 e caggal ɗuum, ofisee mawɗo estaf Miiprelitme ( Headprelitme ofis). O artiraa e lietnaa kolonel e hitaande 1974. O waɗtaa komanndaa brigade, brigade 31 e 15 tuggi lewru ut 1975 haa ut 1978. E hitaande 1976, Idiagbon yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu e nder wuro Quetta, to leydi Pakistaan, ngam ɓeydaade heblo konu. E lewru sulyee 1978 o artiraa e darnde kolonel. O toɗɗaa ko gardiiɗo doole (manning) e peewnugol, Gardiiɗo konu e lewru oktoobar 1979. E lewru mee 1980 o artiraa e jappeere brigadier-général. E hitaande 1981, o naati duɗal ngenndiwal jaŋde politik e peeje, Kuru, Jos, diiwaan Plateau, leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1982 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde njuɓɓudi defansiyoŋ hakkunde leyɗeele, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naval, Amerik. O wonii binndoowo konu leydi Najeriya gila 1981 haa 1983. == Njuɓɓudi konu leydi Borno == Tuggi lewru ut 1978 haa lewru oktoobar 1979, hooreejo leydi konu, Seneraal Obasanjo toɗɗii Idiagbon ngam wonde gardiiɗo konu (darnde wiyeteende hannde guwerneer) e nder diiwaan Borno, to leydi Nijeer. == Mawɗo konu, Joɗnde Toownde == Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari waɗi Idiagbon ɗiɗaɓo nder konu maako bana hooreejo konu, hooreejo hukuumaaji pamari gila 31 Duujal 1983 haa 27 Ogost 1985. O siftini bana sooje'en timmuɓe, o waɗi kuugal mawngal bana maande laamu sooje'en Buhari. Idiagbon artiraa e darnde seneraal mawɗo e hitaande 1985. O joginoo denndaangal kuutorɗe yiyteteeɗe e doole ngenndiije, politik, laamuyankooje e njuɓɓudi laamu. Idiagbon woniino kalfinaaɗo naatnude, bayyinde e huutoraade politikaaji keewɗi mawɗi laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen : == Hare Haɓde e Ɓooygol == Winndannde mawnde: Hare ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende nehdi Daawe joy hare luulndiinde njiimaandi ɗe Idiagbon habri e huutoraade ko ɗeeɗoo : Daawe gadane - Laabi, puɗɗii ko ñalnde 20 marse 1984 Daawe ɗiɗmere - Etikaaji golle, puɗɗiiɗi ñalnde 1 mee 1984 Daawe tataɓere - Ngenndiyaŋkaagal e yiɗde leydi, puɗɗii ko ñalnde 21 ut 1984 Daawe nayaɓere - Haɓde e njulaagu e sabotaas faggudu, fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 14 mee 1985 Daawe joyaɓere - Sanitaare nokkuuji, fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 29 sulyee 1985 Waylude kaalis e politik mbayliigu kaalis E lewru abriil hitaande 1984, Idiagbon hollitii wonde ina jogori waɗde kaalis keso ngam leydi Najeriya. O wiyi kaalis keso oo maa jokku innde wootere, kono kalaaji biyeeji ɗii maa ceertu. O hollitii kadi keerol mbayliigu kaalis wonande sosiyeteeji e yimɓe. Keerol gootol ngol ko 7 000 dolaar. O wi'i kala sosiyetee walla neɗɗo baylotooɗo ko ɓuri keerol ngol, ina foti hollude hol to kaalis o ummorii, ina haani laamu ngu heɓa heen seedantaagal. E wiyde Idiagbon, sabaabu mawɗo caɗeele faggudu ngenndi ndii "ko bonnude kaalis leydi Najeriya e nder njulaagu mawngu ngu rewaani laawol". Politik njulaagu lomtinande naatgol E hitaande 1984, Idiagbon huutoriima politik laamu militeer en ngam lomtinde naatgol e nder leydi hee, tuugiiɗo e kuutoragol kaɓirɗe nokkuuje. Naatgol ina tiiɗtinaa. Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko ƴellitde faggudu nokkuuji ɗii e nder politik oo. == Yahdu e Porogaraam Leydi == Kadi e hitaande 1984, Idiagbon ardii e huutoraade Porogaraam Go Back to Land mo jeyaa ko e politik ndema laamu nguu, hirjinoowo peewnugol nguura ndema keewngu, kadi jeyaa ko e peeje laamu militeer en ngam ustude baasal. == Politik caggal leydi == Tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1984 haa lewru Ut 1985, Idiagbon ƴetti denndaangal geɗe politik caggal leydi jowitiiɗe e kisal. O woniino e dow uddugol keeri, riiwtude yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, e haɓaade bonnugol caggal haala Umaru Dikko to Angalteer. O tawtoraama kadi golle dipolomaasi. E innde laamu konu leydi Naajeeriya, o siifondirii e delegaasiyoŋ njillu leydi Bulgari, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, hono Grisha Filipov, e hitaande 1984. O ardii diɗɗal ngal e hitaande 1984 to Dental Sowiyet ngam hawritde e hooreejo leydi Sowiyet, hono Konstantin Chernenko. == 1985 kuudetaa konu == Caggal lebbi 20 e laamu, laamu konu Buhari fooli laamu Ibrahiima Babangida ñalnde 27 lewru bowte hitaande 1985.[10] Idiagbon ittiraama e golle mum mawɗo gollordu, Supreme Headquarters, o waɗtaa e kasoo duuɓi tati, caggal nde o woppitaa o arti e wuro makko Ilorin, o wuuri e nder niɓɓere.[11] == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Ñalnde 6 marse 1970, Idiyagbon resi Biodun Idiyagbon (jibini ko Gamra). Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe worɓe ɗiɗo e ɓiɓɓe rewɓe tato: Adekunle, Junior, Ronke, Mope e Bola.[3] Ñalnde 24 marse 1999, Idiagbon maayi e nder ngonkaaji tuumeteeɗi no feewi.[12] == Njeenaaje == Seneraal mawɗo biyeteeɗo Idiagbon (Rtd.) heɓi njeenaaje e medayuuji keewɗi. E doggol alkule ɗe ina mbaɗi : Medaal golle ndeenka (DSM) Medaal golle ndeenka (Niiseer) Hoodere gollal doole (FSS) Hoodere gollal doole (Nijeer) Medaal gollal kuuɓtodinngal (GSM) Medaal kuugal kuuɓtodinngal (Niiseer) Medaal gollal ngenndiwal (NSM) Medaal gollal ngenndiwal (Niiseer) == Tuugnorgal == 1wae7rvrnty7p3h3qbmd7985cqwaore 0 42565 176490 2026-06-25T20:00:04Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''wafer''' ko biskit ɓuuɓɗo, keewɗo welde, ɓuuɓɗo no feewi, ɓuuɓɗo, ɓuuɓɗo,[1] heewi huutoreede ngam faarnoraade ice cream, kadi ina huutoree kadi ngam faarnoraade won e ñameele belɗe.[2]  Eɗe keewi jogaade nate dow waffle kono ina mbaawi kadi wonde nate ɗe innde peewnoowo nguura walla ɗe ngalaa nate.  Won e sokolaaji, ko wayi no Kit Kat e Toffee Crisp, ko waferuuji ɗi sokolaaji ngoni e nder mum en e saraaji mum en. == Waferuuji koɗki == Winndannd..." 176490 wikitext text/x-wiki '''wafer''' ko biskit ɓuuɓɗo, keewɗo welde, ɓuuɓɗo no feewi, ɓuuɓɗo, ɓuuɓɗo,[1] heewi huutoreede ngam faarnoraade ice cream, kadi ina huutoree kadi ngam faarnoraade won e ñameele belɗe.[2]  Eɗe keewi jogaade nate dow waffle kono ina mbaawi kadi wonde nate ɗe innde peewnoowo nguura walla ɗe ngalaa nate.  Won e sokolaaji, ko wayi no Kit Kat e Toffee Crisp, ko waferuuji ɗi sokolaaji ngoni e nder mum en e saraaji mum en. == Waferuuji koɗki == Winndannde mawnde: Buuru sakrament Wafer communion ko sifaa mburu mo mburu mum alaa njuumri, ko ɗum ñaametee e nder juulde kommunion Kerecee’en. Wafer spa  Wafer spa Carlsbad cirƴam.  Waferuuji Noel Poloñ, ina kollita dille Kerecee’en. "Waferuuji spa" keertiiɗi (Cek: lázeňské oplatky, Slowaki: kúpeľné oblátky) ina peewnee e nder gure spa to Cekoslowaki e to Slowaki (yeru Piešťany, Karlovy Lěza Varyan). Biskit nannduɗo e oo ina defa to Hong Kong ina wiyee Molnárkalács.  Iwdi maggal ina waawi rewrude e yimɓe Palóc.  Ko cirƴam e tiiɗɗam (heen sahaaji kadi ina ɓuuɓna) fawaade e maandeeji leñol e natal e binndol e nokku spiral koyɗol.  Kadi ina ñaamee e toppings hono jamɗe.  Ina waɗi kuutorgal keeringal toɓɓugol, sütővas.[3] == Wafer Natal == Waferuuji kirsimeeti ko mburu alkamaari e ndiyam tan mbaɗetee.  Patterns maɓɓe ina keewi hollirde diineeji, ko aadaaji Natal Katolik en Roman en Orop hakkundeejo, mawninteeɗi e nder galleeji Poloñ, Slowaki, Lituwaani e Itaali e ñalngu Natal.  Ɗee ngalaa nafoore sakrament no wafer kommuniyon nii.  Wafers Christmas ko mburu maande ngam renndinde hakkunde hoɓɓe ngam teeŋtinde jokkondiral tiiɗngal e ñaamde mburu e nder nokku gooto.  Ngalɗoo geɗal ina jogii maanaa moƴƴo, kono yiɗdeeji ɓeydotooɗi ina keewi waɗeede kadi.  Ɗe mbiyetee ko opłatek (e ɗemngal latin: oblatum) e ɗemngal Poloñ, ko wayi no wafel, woni wafer keewɗo. == Oblea == Oblea gooto Feere wafer, teskinnde e nder ñaamdu aadaaji to Arjantiin, Kolommbi, Ekuwator, Guatemala, El Salvadoor, Venesuela, e Meksik, ina anndaa ko oblea.  Ko heewi ñaameede ko no ñaamdu ɓuuɓndu nii, tawa ina waɗi heen geɗe ɗiɗi keewɗe arequipe, dulce de leche, walla cajeta (karamel kosam), e/walla kosam ɓuuɓɗam e hakkunde.  Won e nokkuuji, ina waawi tawa ko ɓuuɓri, ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe, walla ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri, e ko nanndi heen. == Wafer pink == Wafer pink ko ñaamdu ɓuuɓndu, ndu biskit Crawford mo Edinburgh waɗi to leydi Angalteer.[4]  Jooni ko United Biscuits, sosiyatee ƴettuɗo fedde ndee e hitaande 1960, haa hannde ina huutoroo innde Crawford ndee.  Kosam ɗam ina waɗi crème sandwich hakkunde wafers (daay pink). Ina woodi ko nanndi e ɗuum, ina wiyee waferuuji Pink Panther.[5][6] === Freska === 5gvbfn11sw4u44s5d0kk0wzth265jcv 0 42566 176491 2026-06-25T20:22:46Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176491 wikitext text/x-wiki Sir Shettima Kashim Ibrahim, KCMG CBE (10 lewru juko hitaande 1910 – 25 lewru juko hitaande 1990) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo hukuuma lesdi ndi'i haa lesdi Borno, o laati jaagorde kuuɗe rento nder kitaale 1950. O joginoo tiitoonde aadaaji Waziri Emiraaji Borno caggal nde Waziri ɗiɗo ɓennuɓe ɓee ndokkaama doole ngam ustude laamu sabu majjere e nder njuɓɓudi nokku Borno. Ko o ɓadiiɗo ɓadiiɗo Sir Ahmadu Bello. Ngendam E dow step suudu Naajeeriya haa London, Alhaji Sa'adu Alanamu (Agent General, woyla Naajeeriya), Sir Kashim Ibraahiima, KBE (Bana Gomnati, Woyla Naajeeriya) e hooreejo Arthur Perst wakkati njillu Sir Kashim Ibrahiima haa suudu Naajeeriya Ibraahiima jibinaa ko to wuro Gargar, Yerwa to galle Ibraahiima Lakanmi. O fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e janngude ɗemngal Arab e Quraana hade makko naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Borno e hitaande 1922. E hitaande 1925, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Katsina, o timmini jaŋde makko e seedantaagal jannginoowo e hitaande 1929. O fuɗɗii golle jannginoowo e hitaande 1929 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Borno and he3come a1929 Jannginoowo njillu. Caggal ɗuum o artiraa e golle jannginoowo mawɗo njillu e ofisee jaŋde wonande diiwaan Borno. O rokkaama tiitoonde Shettima mo Borno e hitaande 1935, e nder dumunna gooto o anndiraa Shettima Kashim. O naati politik ko e hitaande 1951–52, nde o suɓaa e Asaambele diiwaan Fuɗnaange, o toɗɗaa e Fuɗnaange ngam wonde cuɓaaɗo kabine. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa jaagorde fedde ndee to bannge renndo, caggal ɗuum to bannge jaŋde. E hitaande 1956, Shehu waɗaa mo wonde Waziri Borno. Waziri Ibraahiima wonti Guwerneer diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1962, o jokki laamu haa kuudetaa konu ñalnde 16 lewru Yarkomaa 1966 addani Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi laamu. O toɗɗaa CBE e hitaande 1960, o heɓi KCMG e hitaande 1962. Tuugnorgal 80mzn4eokmimf1jnoeahtr17nvfgsy9 176492 176491 2026-06-25T20:24:41Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Sir Shettima Kashim Ibrahim, KCMG CBE (10 lewru juko hitaande 1910 – 25 lewru juko hitaande 1990) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo hukuuma lesdi ndi'i haa lesdi Borno, o laati jaagorde kuuɗe rento nder kitaale 1950. O joginoo tiitoonde aadaaji Waziri Emiraaji Borno caggal nde Waziri ɗiɗo ɓennuɓe ɓee ndokkaama doole ngam ustude laamu sabu majjere e nder njuɓɓudi nokku Borno. Ko o ɓadiiɗo ɓadiiɗo Sir Ahmadu Bello. Ngendam E dow step suudu Naajeeriya haa London, Alhaji Sa'adu Alanamu (Agent General, woyla Naajeeriya), Sir Kashim Ibraahiima, KBE (Bana Gomnati, Woyla Naajeeriya) e hooreejo Arthur Perst wakkati njillu Sir Kashim Ibrahiima haa suudu Naajeeriya Ibraahiima jibinaa ko to wuro Gargar, Yerwa to galle Ibraahiima Lakanmi. O fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e janngude ɗemngal Arab e Quraana hade makko naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Borno e hitaande 1922. E hitaande 1925, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Katsina, o timmini jaŋde makko e seedantaagal jannginoowo e hitaande 1929. O fuɗɗii golle jannginoowo e hitaande 1929 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Borno and he3come a1929 Jannginoowo njillu. Caggal ɗuum o artiraa e golle jannginoowo mawɗo njillu e ofisee jaŋde wonande diiwaan Borno. O rokkaama tiitoonde Shettima mo Borno e hitaande 1935, e nder dumunna gooto o anndiraa Shettima Kashim. O naati politik ko e hitaande 1951–52, nde o suɓaa e Asaambele diiwaan Fuɗnaange, o toɗɗaa e Fuɗnaange ngam wonde cuɓaaɗo kabine. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa jaagorde fedde ndee to bannge renndo, caggal ɗuum to bannge jaŋde. E hitaande 1956, Shehu waɗaa mo wonde Waziri Borno. Waziri Ibraahiima wonti Guwerneer diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1962, o jokki laamu haa kuudetaa konu ñalnde 16 lewru Yarkomaa 1966 addani Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi laamu. O toɗɗaa CBE e hitaande 1960, o heɓi KCMG e hitaande 1962. Tuugnorgal 9mihnuv2dd3kf4pusakgrdl6xfzgq0v 176493 176492 2026-06-25T20:25:48Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Shettima Kashim Ibrahim,''' KCMG CBE (10 lewru juko hitaande 1910 – 25 lewru juko hitaande 1990) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo hukuuma lesdi ndi'i haa lesdi Borno, o laati jaagorde kuuɗe rento nder kitaale 1950. O joginoo tiitoonde aadaaji Waziri Emiraaji Borno caggal nde Waziri ɗiɗo ɓennuɓe ɓee ndokkaama doole ngam ustude laamu sabu majjere e nder njuɓɓudi nokku Borno. Ko o ɓadiiɗo ɓadiiɗo Sir Ahmadu Bello. == Ngendam == E dow step suudu Naajeeriya haa London, Alhaji Sa'adu Alanamu (Agent General, woyla Naajeeriya), Sir Kashim Ibraahiima, KBE (Bana Gomnati, Woyla Naajeeriya) e hooreejo Arthur Perst wakkati njillu Sir Kashim Ibrahiima haa suudu Naajeeriya Ibraahiima jibinaa ko to wuro Gargar, Yerwa to galle Ibraahiima Lakanmi. O fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e janngude ɗemngal Arab e Quraana hade makko naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Borno e hitaande 1922. E hitaande 1925, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Katsina, o timmini jaŋde makko e seedantaagal jannginoowo e hitaande 1929. O fuɗɗii golle jannginoowo e hitaande 1929 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Borno and he3come a1929 Jannginoowo njillu. Caggal ɗuum o artiraa e golle jannginoowo mawɗo njillu e ofisee jaŋde wonande diiwaan Borno. O rokkaama tiitoonde Shettima mo Borno e hitaande 1935, e nder dumunna gooto o anndiraa Shettima Kashim. O naati politik ko e hitaande 1951–52, nde o suɓaa e Asaambele diiwaan Fuɗnaange, o toɗɗaa e Fuɗnaange ngam wonde cuɓaaɗo kabine. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa jaagorde fedde ndee to bannge renndo, caggal ɗuum to bannge jaŋde. E hitaande 1956, Shehu waɗaa mo wonde Waziri Borno. Waziri Ibraahiima wonti Guwerneer diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1962, o jokki laamu haa kuudetaa konu ñalnde 16 lewru Yarkomaa 1966 addani Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi laamu. O toɗɗaa CBE e hitaande 1960, o heɓi KCMG e hitaande 1962. == Tuugnorgal == f907r8er40igfbrdazjy9qqddxampm1 176494 176493 2026-06-25T20:29:16Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Shettima Kashim Ibrahim,''' KCMG CBE (10 lewru juko hitaande 1910 – 25 lewru juko hitaande 1990) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo hukuuma lesdi ndi'i haa lesdi Borno, o laati jaagorde kuuɗe rento nder kitaale 1950. O joginoo tiitoonde aadaaji Waziri Emiraaji Borno caggal nde Waziri ɗiɗo ɓennuɓe ɓee ndokkaama doole ngam ustude laamu sabu majjere e nder njuɓɓudi nokku Borno.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=cYEuAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Kashim+Ibrahim%22+AND+%221910%22 "Ibrahim, Sir Kashim", in Christopher Osadiaye Orumwese Ugowe, ''Eminent Nigerians of the twentieth century''], Hugo Books, 2000, p. 155.</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-05-23|title=Shettima Kashim Ibrahim: The Last Civilian Governor of Northern Nigeria – HistoryVille|url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/kashim-ibrahim/|access-date=2026-06-21|language=en}}</ref> Ko o ɓadiiɗo ɓadiiɗo Sir Ahmadu Bello. == Ngendam == E dow step suudu Naajeeriya haa London, Alhaji Sa'adu Alanamu (Agent General, woyla Naajeeriya), Sir Kashim Ibraahiima, KBE (Bana Gomnati, Woyla Naajeeriya) e hooreejo Arthur Perst wakkati njillu Sir Kashim Ibrahiima haa suudu Naajeeriya Ibraahiima jibinaa ko to wuro Gargar, Yerwa to galle Ibraahiima Lakanmi. O fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e janngude ɗemngal Arab e Quraana hade makko naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Borno e hitaande 1922. E hitaande 1925, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Katsina, o timmini jaŋde makko e seedantaagal jannginoowo e hitaande 1929. O fuɗɗii golle jannginoowo e hitaande 1929 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Borno and he3come a1929 Jannginoowo njillu. Caggal ɗuum o artiraa e golle jannginoowo mawɗo njillu e ofisee jaŋde wonande diiwaan Borno. O rokkaama tiitoonde Shettima mo Borno e hitaande 1935, e nder dumunna gooto o anndiraa Shettima Kashim. O naati politik ko e hitaande 1951–52, nde o suɓaa e Asaambele diiwaan Fuɗnaange, o toɗɗaa e Fuɗnaange ngam wonde cuɓaaɗo kabine. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa jaagorde fedde ndee to bannge renndo, caggal ɗuum to bannge jaŋde. E hitaande 1956, Shehu waɗaa mo wonde Waziri Borno. Waziri Ibraahiima wonti Guwerneer diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1962, o jokki laamu haa kuudetaa konu ñalnde 16 lewru Yarkomaa 1966 addani Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi laamu. O toɗɗaa CBE e hitaande 1960, o heɓi KCMG e hitaande 1962. == Tuugnorgal == r8jf4ai89h12887rw2wc7oxqugorglv 176495 176494 2026-06-25T20:32:25Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Shettima Kashim Ibrahim,''' KCMG CBE (10 lewru juko hitaande 1910 – 25 lewru juko hitaande 1990) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo hukuuma lesdi ndi'i haa lesdi Borno, o laati jaagorde kuuɗe rento nder kitaale 1950. O joginoo tiitoonde aadaaji Waziri Emiraaji Borno caggal nde Waziri ɗiɗo ɓennuɓe ɓee ndokkaama doole ngam ustude laamu sabu majjere e nder njuɓɓudi nokku Borno.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=cYEuAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Kashim+Ibrahim%22+AND+%221910%22 "Ibrahim, Sir Kashim", in Christopher Osadiaye Orumwese Ugowe, ''Eminent Nigerians of the twentieth century''], Hugo Books, 2000, p. 155.</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-05-23|title=Shettima Kashim Ibrahim: The Last Civilian Governor of Northern Nigeria – HistoryVille|url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/kashim-ibrahim/|access-date=2026-06-21|language=en}}</ref> Ko o ɓadiiɗo ɓadiiɗo Sir Ahmadu Bello. == Ngendam == E dow step suudu Naajeeriya haa London, Alhaji Sa'adu Alanamu (Agent General, woyla Naajeeriya), Sir Kashim Ibraahiima, KBE (Bana Gomnati, Woyla Naajeeriya) e hooreejo Arthur Perst wakkati njillu Sir Kashim Ibrahiima haa suudu Naajeeriya Ibraahiima jibinaa ko to wuro Gargar, Yerwa to galle Ibraahiima Lakanmi. O fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e janngude ɗemngal Arab e Quraana hade makko naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Borno e hitaande 1922. E hitaande 1925, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Katsina, o timmini jaŋde makko e seedantaagal jannginoowo e hitaande 1929. O fuɗɗii golle jannginoowo e hitaande 1929 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Borno and he3come a1929 Jannginoowo njillu. Caggal ɗuum o artiraa e golle jannginoowo mawɗo njillu e ofisee jaŋde wonande diiwaan Borno. O rokkaama tiitoonde Shettima mo Borno e hitaande 1935, e nder dumunna gooto o anndiraa Shettima Kashim. O naati politik ko e hitaande 1951–52, nde o suɓaa e Asaambele diiwaan Fuɗnaange, o toɗɗaa e Fuɗnaange ngam wonde cuɓaaɗo kabine. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa jaagorde fedde ndee to bannge renndo, caggal ɗuum to bannge jaŋde.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sharia-in-africa.net/media/publications/sharia-implementation-in-northern-nigeria/vol_1_5_chapter_1_part_II.pdf|title=The Settlement of 1960: Who was Who|work=Sati Fwatshak and Philip Ostien|accessdate=2015-08-28}}</ref>.<ref name=":02" /> E hitaande 1956, Shehu waɗaa mo wonde Waziri Borno. Waziri Ibraahiima wonti Guwerneer diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1962, o jokki laamu haa kuudetaa konu ñalnde 16 lewru Yarkomaa 1966 addani Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi laamu. O toɗɗaa CBE e hitaande 1960, o heɓi KCMG e hitaande 1962. == Tuugnorgal == 4gyaz2c4xahgqd4dudn6lvzz4bfq71x 176496 176495 2026-06-25T20:33:56Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Shettima Kashim Ibrahim,''' KCMG CBE (10 lewru juko hitaande 1910 – 25 lewru juko hitaande 1990) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo hukuuma lesdi ndi'i haa lesdi Borno, o laati jaagorde kuuɗe rento nder kitaale 1950. O joginoo tiitoonde aadaaji Waziri Emiraaji Borno caggal nde Waziri ɗiɗo ɓennuɓe ɓee ndokkaama doole ngam ustude laamu sabu majjere e nder njuɓɓudi nokku Borno.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=cYEuAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Kashim+Ibrahim%22+AND+%221910%22 "Ibrahim, Sir Kashim", in Christopher Osadiaye Orumwese Ugowe, ''Eminent Nigerians of the twentieth century''], Hugo Books, 2000, p. 155.</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-05-23|title=Shettima Kashim Ibrahim: The Last Civilian Governor of Northern Nigeria – HistoryVille|url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/kashim-ibrahim/|access-date=2026-06-21|language=en}}</ref> Ko o ɓadiiɗo ɓadiiɗo Sir Ahmadu Bello. == Ngendam == E dow step suudu Naajeeriya haa London, Alhaji Sa'adu Alanamu (Agent General, woyla Naajeeriya), Sir Kashim Ibraahiima, KBE (Bana Gomnati, Woyla Naajeeriya) e hooreejo Arthur Perst wakkati njillu Sir Kashim Ibrahiima haa suudu Naajeeriya Ibraahiima jibinaa ko to wuro Gargar, Yerwa to galle Ibraahiima Lakanmi. O fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e janngude ɗemngal Arab e Quraana hade makko naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Borno e hitaande 1922. E hitaande 1925, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Katsina, o timmini jaŋde makko e seedantaagal jannginoowo e hitaande 1929. O fuɗɗii golle jannginoowo e hitaande 1929 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Borno and he3come a1929 Jannginoowo njillu. Caggal ɗuum o artiraa e golle jannginoowo mawɗo njillu e ofisee jaŋde wonande diiwaan Borno. O rokkaama tiitoonde Shettima mo Borno e hitaande 1935, e nder dumunna gooto o anndiraa Shettima Kashim. O naati politik ko e hitaande 1951–52, nde o suɓaa e Asaambele diiwaan Fuɗnaange, o toɗɗaa e Fuɗnaange ngam wonde cuɓaaɗo kabine. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa jaagorde fedde ndee to bannge renndo, caggal ɗuum to bannge jaŋde.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sharia-in-africa.net/media/publications/sharia-implementation-in-northern-nigeria/vol_1_5_chapter_1_part_II.pdf|title=The Settlement of 1960: Who was Who|work=Sati Fwatshak and Philip Ostien|accessdate=2015-08-28}}</ref>.<ref name=":02" /> E hitaande 1956, Shehu waɗaa mo wonde Waziri Borno. Waziri Ibraahiima wonti Guwerneer diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1962, o jokki laamu haa kuudetaa konu ñalnde 16 lewru Yarkomaa 1966 addani Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi laamu. O toɗɗaa CBE e hitaande 1960, o heɓi KCMG e hitaande 1962.<ref>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</ref> == Tuugnorgal == dpg7zdwxpm901di3afs76512h060gzs 0 42567 176497 2026-06-26T07:19:40Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176497 wikitext text/x-wiki Bello Hayatu Gwarzo (jibinaa ko 14 abriil 1960) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya, o woniino tergal Senaa Naajeeriya gila 1999 haa 2015. O woniino hooreejo Senaa gila 2011 haa 2015. Ɓawo Bello Hayatu Gwarzo jibinaa ko e wuro Gwarzo, e nder diiwaan Kano, e nder galle laamɗo Hakimin Gwarzo, Sarkin Dawaki Maituta Abubakar ñalnde 14 abriil 1960. O jogii ko Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji (Statistiques) kadi ko o banke e golle makko. Golle politik Bello Hayatu Gwarzo suɓaama senaateer e nder batu 4ɓo (1999-2003) e 5ɓo (2003-2007), omo lomtoo diiwaan senaateeruuji Kano worgo. E lewru abriil 2007 o dogi kadi kono o fooli Aminu Sule Garo mo lannda leƴƴi Nijeer fof (ANPP). E lewru desaambar ndeen hitaande, woote Garo ndartinaa sabu o feññinii kaayitaaji jaŋde makko, Hayatu lomtii mo. Senator Gwarzo waɗaama hooreejo goomuuji senaa ko faati e golle, FCT e tergal goomuuji senaa ko faati e geɗe polis, paandaale ƴellitaare ujunnaaje ujunnaaje e appropriation. E nder batu Kano PDP e lewru ut 2009, Senator Gwarzo hollitii ballal mum e gonnooɗo guwerneer Rabiu Kwankwaso, mo slate mum heɓi laamu timmungu e lannda diiwaan oo e nder pottital hakkunde noddaango gonnooɗo guwerneer Abubakar Rimi. Gwarzo kadi suɓaama ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Kano North e dow laylaytol PDP e lewru abriil 2011, o suɓaama kadi, o heɓi 204 905 woote. Caggal mum o suɓaama hooreejo fedde Senaa gila 2011 haa 2015. Gwarzo kadi suɓaama ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Kano North e dow laylaytol PDP e lewru mars, 2015, o fooli Barau Jibrinof mo Kongres yimɓe fof. Tuugnorgal qpvxw6wmci7zy30ndw9q61tw2tpdzng 176498 176497 2026-06-26T07:21:11Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Bello Hayatu Gwarzo (jibinaa ko 14 abriil 1960) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya, o woniino tergal Senaa Naajeeriya gila 1999 haa 2015. O woniino hooreejo Senaa gila 2011 haa 2015. Ɓawo Bello Hayatu Gwarzo jibinaa ko e wuro Gwarzo, e nder diiwaan Kano, e nder galle laamɗo Hakimin Gwarzo, Sarkin Dawaki Maituta Abubakar ñalnde 14 abriil 1960. O jogii ko Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji (Statistiques) kadi ko o banke e golle makko. Golle politik Bello Hayatu Gwarzo suɓaama senaateer e nder batu 4ɓo (1999-2003) e 5ɓo (2003-2007), omo lomtoo diiwaan senaateeruuji Kano worgo. E lewru abriil 2007 o dogi kadi kono o fooli Aminu Sule Garo mo lannda leƴƴi Nijeer fof (ANPP). E lewru desaambar ndeen hitaande, woote Garo ndartinaa sabu o feññinii kaayitaaji jaŋde makko, Hayatu lomtii mo. Senator Gwarzo waɗaama hooreejo goomuuji senaa ko faati e golle, FCT e tergal goomuuji senaa ko faati e geɗe polis, paandaale ƴellitaare ujunnaaje ujunnaaje e appropriation. E nder batu Kano PDP e lewru ut 2009, Senator Gwarzo hollitii ballal mum e gonnooɗo guwerneer Rabiu Kwankwaso, mo slate mum heɓi laamu timmungu e lannda diiwaan oo e nder pottital hakkunde noddaango gonnooɗo guwerneer Abubakar Rimi. Gwarzo kadi suɓaama ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Kano North e dow laylaytol PDP e lewru abriil 2011, o suɓaama kadi, o heɓi 204 905 woote. Caggal mum o suɓaama hooreejo fedde Senaa gila 2011 haa 2015. Gwarzo kadi suɓaama ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Kano North e dow laylaytol PDP e lewru mars, 2015, o fooli Barau Jibrinof mo Kongres yimɓe fof. Tuugnorgal p4fi72cjuk9nyvprgisb81upmtrw4yk 176499 176498 2026-06-26T07:22:04Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bello Hayatu Gwarzo''' (jibinaa ko 14 abriil 1960) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya, o woniino tergal Senaa Naajeeriya gila 1999 haa 2015. O woniino hooreejo Senaa gila 2011 haa 2015. == Ɓawo == Bello Hayatu Gwarzo jibinaa ko e wuro Gwarzo, e nder diiwaan Kano, e nder galle laamɗo Hakimin Gwarzo, Sarkin Dawaki Maituta Abubakar ñalnde 14 abriil 1960. O jogii ko Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji (Statistiques) kadi ko o banke e golle makko. == Golle politik == Bello Hayatu Gwarzo suɓaama senaateer e nder batu 4ɓo (1999-2003) e 5ɓo (2003-2007), omo lomtoo diiwaan senaateeruuji Kano worgo. E lewru abriil 2007 o dogi kadi kono o fooli Aminu Sule Garo mo lannda leƴƴi Nijeer fof (ANPP). E lewru desaambar ndeen hitaande, woote Garo ndartinaa sabu o feññinii kaayitaaji jaŋde makko, Hayatu lomtii mo. Senator Gwarzo waɗaama hooreejo goomuuji senaa ko faati e golle, FCT e tergal goomuuji senaa ko faati e geɗe polis, paandaale ƴellitaare ujunnaaje ujunnaaje e appropriation. E nder batu Kano PDP e lewru ut 2009, Senator Gwarzo hollitii ballal mum e gonnooɗo guwerneer Rabiu Kwankwaso, mo slate mum heɓi laamu timmungu e lannda diiwaan oo e nder pottital hakkunde noddaango gonnooɗo guwerneer Abubakar Rimi. Gwarzo kadi suɓaama ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Kano North e dow laylaytol PDP e lewru abriil 2011, o suɓaama kadi, o heɓi 204 905 woote. Caggal mum o suɓaama hooreejo fedde Senaa gila 2011 haa 2015. Gwarzo kadi suɓaama ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Kano North e dow laylaytol PDP e lewru mars, 2015, o fooli Barau Jibrinof mo Kongres yimɓe fof. == Tuugnorgal == 7dykmqrts49p7v953mcbl4yc2e7pok5 176500 176499 2026-06-26T07:23:28Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bello Hayatu Gwarzo''' (jibinaa ko 14 abriil 1960) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya, o woniino tergal Senaa Naajeeriya gila 1999 haa 2015. O woniino hooreejo Senaa gila 2011 haa 2015..<ref name="nassnig">{{cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=135|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165413/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=135|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 March 2016|title=Sen. Bello Hayatu Gwarzo|publisher=National Assembly of Nigeria|access-date=16 September 2009}}</ref> == Ɓawo == Bello Hayatu Gwarzo jibinaa ko e wuro Gwarzo, e nder diiwaan Kano, e nder galle laamɗo Hakimin Gwarzo, Sarkin Dawaki Maituta Abubakar ñalnde 14 abriil 1960. O jogii ko Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji (Statistiques) kadi ko o banke e golle makko. == Golle politik == Bello Hayatu Gwarzo suɓaama senaateer e nder batu 4ɓo (1999-2003) e 5ɓo (2003-2007), omo lomtoo diiwaan senaateeruuji Kano worgo. E lewru abriil 2007 o dogi kadi kono o fooli Aminu Sule Garo mo lannda leƴƴi Nijeer fof (ANPP). E lewru desaambar ndeen hitaande, woote Garo ndartinaa sabu o feññinii kaayitaaji jaŋde makko, Hayatu lomtii mo. Senator Gwarzo waɗaama hooreejo goomuuji senaa ko faati e golle, FCT e tergal goomuuji senaa ko faati e geɗe polis, paandaale ƴellitaare ujunnaaje ujunnaaje e appropriation. E nder batu Kano PDP e lewru ut 2009, Senator Gwarzo hollitii ballal mum e gonnooɗo guwerneer Rabiu Kwankwaso, mo slate mum heɓi laamu timmungu e lannda diiwaan oo e nder pottital hakkunde noddaango gonnooɗo guwerneer Abubakar Rimi. Gwarzo kadi suɓaama ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Kano North e dow laylaytol PDP e lewru abriil 2011, o suɓaama kadi, o heɓi 204 905 woote. Caggal mum o suɓaama hooreejo fedde Senaa gila 2011 haa 2015. Gwarzo kadi suɓaama ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Kano North e dow laylaytol PDP e lewru mars, 2015, o fooli Barau Jibrinof mo Kongres yimɓe fof. == Tuugnorgal == 5ewntbunsxvzqhshkocpsgxowy2k403 176501 176500 2026-06-26T07:25:32Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bello Hayatu Gwarzo''' (jibinaa ko 14 abriil 1960) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya, o woniino tergal Senaa Naajeeriya gila 1999 haa 2015. O woniino hooreejo Senaa gila 2011 haa 2015..<ref name="nassnig">{{cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=135|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165413/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=135|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 March 2016|title=Sen. Bello Hayatu Gwarzo|publisher=National Assembly of Nigeria|access-date=16 September 2009}}</ref> == Ɓawo == Bello Hayatu Gwarzo jibinaa ko e wuro Gwarzo, e nder diiwaan Kano, e nder galle laamɗo Hakimin Gwarzo, Sarkin Dawaki Maituta Abubakar ñalnde 14 abriil 1960. O jogii ko Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji (Statistiques) kadi ko o banke e golle makko.<ref name="nassnig2" /> == Golle politik == Bello Hayatu Gwarzo suɓaama senaateer e nder batu 4ɓo (1999-2003) e 5ɓo (2003-2007), omo lomtoo diiwaan senaateeruuji Kano worgo. E lewru abriil 2007 o dogi kadi kono o fooli Aminu Sule Garo mo lannda leƴƴi Nijeer fof (ANPP). E lewru desaambar ndeen hitaande, woote Garo ndartinaa sabu o feññinii kaayitaaji jaŋde makko, Hayatu lomtii mo. Senator Gwarzo waɗaama hooreejo goomuuji senaa ko faati e golle, FCT e tergal goomuuji senaa ko faati e geɗe polis, paandaale ƴellitaare ujunnaaje ujunnaaje e appropriation. E nder batu Kano PDP e lewru ut 2009, Senator Gwarzo hollitii ballal mum e gonnooɗo guwerneer Rabiu Kwankwaso, mo slate mum heɓi laamu timmungu e lannda diiwaan oo e nder pottital hakkunde noddaango gonnooɗo guwerneer Abubakar Rimi. Gwarzo kadi suɓaama ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Kano North e dow laylaytol PDP e lewru abriil 2011, o suɓaama kadi, o heɓi 204 905 woote. Caggal mum o suɓaama hooreejo fedde Senaa gila 2011 haa 2015. Gwarzo kadi suɓaama ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Kano North e dow laylaytol PDP e lewru mars, 2015, o fooli Barau Jibrinof mo Kongres yimɓe fof. == Tuugnorgal == e2mh3s9xv6dkibwbe4x3y558v30pe33 176502 176501 2026-06-26T07:27:37Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bello Hayatu Gwarzo''' (jibinaa ko 14 abriil 1960) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya, o woniino tergal Senaa Naajeeriya gila 1999 haa 2015. O woniino hooreejo Senaa gila 2011 haa 2015..<ref name="nassnig">{{cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=135|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165413/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=135|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 March 2016|title=Sen. Bello Hayatu Gwarzo|publisher=National Assembly of Nigeria|access-date=16 September 2009}}</ref> == Ɓawo == Bello Hayatu Gwarzo jibinaa ko e wuro Gwarzo, e nder diiwaan Kano, e nder galle laamɗo Hakimin Gwarzo, Sarkin Dawaki Maituta Abubakar ñalnde 14 abriil 1960. O jogii ko Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji (Statistiques) kadi ko o banke e golle makko.<ref name="nassnig2" /> == Golle politik == Bello Hayatu Gwarzo suɓaama senaateer e nder batu 4ɓo (1999-2003) e 5ɓo (2003-2007), omo lomtoo diiwaan senaateeruuji Kano worgo. E lewru abriil 2007 o dogi kadi kono o fooli Aminu Sule Garo mo lannda leƴƴi Nijeer fof (ANPP). E lewru desaambar ndeen hitaande, woote Garo ndartinaa sabu o feññinii kaayitaaji jaŋde makko, Hayatu lomtii mo. Senator Gwarzo waɗaama hooreejo goomuuji senaa ko faati e golle, FCT e tergal goomuuji senaa ko faati e geɗe polis, paandaale ƴellitaare ujunnaaje ujunnaaje e appropriation. E nder batu Kano PDP e lewru ut 2009, Senator Gwarzo hollitii ballal mum e gonnooɗo guwerneer Rabiu Kwankwaso, mo slate mum heɓi laamu timmungu e lannda diiwaan oo e nder pottital hakkunde noddaango gonnooɗo guwerneer Abubakar Rimi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/mark-gwarzo-fourth-time-lucky/89431/|title=Mark, Gwarzo: Fourth Time Lucky|date=11 April 2011|author1=Kunle Akogun|author2=Ibrahim Shuaibu|access-date=21 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414020616/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/mark-gwarzo-fourth-time-lucky/89431|archive-date=14 April 2011|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref> Gwarzo kadi suɓaama ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Kano North e dow laylaytol PDP e lewru abriil 2011, o suɓaama kadi, o heɓi 204 905 woote. Caggal mum o suɓaama hooreejo fedde Senaa gila 2011 haa 2015. Gwarzo kadi suɓaama ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Kano North e dow laylaytol PDP e lewru mars, 2015, o fooli Barau Jibrinof mo Kongres yimɓe fof. == Tuugnorgal == 6jqcbuspzixe8uxw5hwfs13x2gfvm3k 0 42568 176503 2026-06-26T07:31:07Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176503 wikitext text/x-wiki Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo (jibinaama 6 lewru Noowammbar 1960) woni siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati cukko guwerneer lesdi Kano diga 30 lewru Mayru 2023 haa lewru Abriil 2026. O woni ardiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya jooni ngam suɓol 2027. Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol Gwarzo jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 noowammbar 1960, to nokku laamu Gwarzo to diiwaan Kano. Baaba makko Abdussalam Muhammadu Dikko ko taani Malama Saudatu iwdi Sarkin Kano Usmaan I Maje Ringim. O janngii duɗal leslesal Gwarzo tuggi 1966 haa 1972, kadi tuggi 1972 haa 1977. O heɓi dipolomaaji ngenndiiji e dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Politeknik dowla Kano, o janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero, Kano tuggi 2007 haa 2008 ngam heɓde dipolomaaji Postmaduacy Public Dip. Kugal Gwarzo fuɗɗii golle mum ko jannginoowo e nder suudu janngirdu e hitaande 1977, o wonti hooreejo jaŋde e hitaande 1981. O wonti ofisee revenue caggal nde o heɓi Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji e bankeeji e kaalis e Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi e nder hiisawal e hitaande 1988. O golliima duuɓi 6 o naati e politik o wonti hooreejo laamu nokku Gwarzo e hitaande 1996. Golle politik Gwarzo laati cukko guwerneer cuɓaaɗo nder diiwal Kano nder lewru mars 2023, les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya kesum, nden Abba Kabir Yusuf woni guwerneer cuɓaaɗo. Yusuf jokki Gwarzo e kanndidaa mum gila e wooteeji 2019. Ñalnde 27 mars 2026, Gwarzo woppi laamu cukko guwerneer diiwaan Kano e nder luural politik hakkunde mum e guwerneer Abba Kabir Yusuf, ina jeyaa heen geɗe jowitiiɗe e jokkondiral lannda. Gwarzo woniino komisinaajo dowla, tuggi 2011 haa 2015 e gardagol guwerneer Rabiu Kwankwaso. O woni hooreejo nokkuure laamu lesdi Gwarzo nder hitaande 1996 nden diga 1999 haa 2003 les lesdi PDP nden Rabiu Kwankwaso woni guwerneer lesdi ndi'i. Tuugnorgal lbuhne9dopgchqnq1qv50ay65biprjk 176504 176503 2026-06-26T07:32:13Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo (jibinaama 6 lewru Noowammbar 1960) woni siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati cukko guwerneer lesdi Kano diga 30 lewru Mayru 2023 haa lewru Abriil 2026. O woni ardiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya jooni ngam suɓol 2027. Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol Gwarzo jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 noowammbar 1960, to nokku laamu Gwarzo to diiwaan Kano. Baaba makko Abdussalam Muhammadu Dikko ko taani Malama Saudatu iwdi Sarkin Kano Usmaan I Maje Ringim. O janngii duɗal leslesal Gwarzo tuggi 1966 haa 1972, kadi tuggi 1972 haa 1977. O heɓi dipolomaaji ngenndiiji e dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Politeknik dowla Kano, o janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero, Kano tuggi 2007 haa 2008 ngam heɓde dipolomaaji Postmaduacy Public Dip. Kugal Gwarzo fuɗɗii golle mum ko jannginoowo e nder suudu janngirdu e hitaande 1977, o wonti hooreejo jaŋde e hitaande 1981. O wonti ofisee revenue caggal nde o heɓi Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji e bankeeji e kaalis e Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi e nder hiisawal e hitaande 1988. O golliima duuɓi 6 o naati e politik o wonti hooreejo laamu nokku Gwarzo e hitaande 1996. Golle politik Gwarzo laati cukko guwerneer cuɓaaɗo nder diiwal Kano nder lewru mars 2023, les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya kesum, nden Abba Kabir Yusuf woni guwerneer cuɓaaɗo. Yusuf jokki Gwarzo e kanndidaa mum gila e wooteeji 2019. Ñalnde 27 mars 2026, Gwarzo woppi laamu cukko guwerneer diiwaan Kano e nder luural politik hakkunde mum e guwerneer Abba Kabir Yusuf, ina jeyaa heen geɗe jowitiiɗe e jokkondiral lannda. Gwarzo woniino komisinaajo dowla, tuggi 2011 haa 2015 e gardagol guwerneer Rabiu Kwankwaso. O woni hooreejo nokkuure laamu lesdi Gwarzo nder hitaande 1996 nden diga 1999 haa 2003 les lesdi PDP nden Rabiu Kwankwaso woni guwerneer lesdi ndi'i. Tuugnorgal hex3ejtewx1d99h4iwv68k5q7a9n874 176505 176504 2026-06-26T07:33:17Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo''' (jibinaama 6 lewru Noowammbar 1960) woni siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati cukko guwerneer lesdi Kano diga 30 lewru Mayru 2023 haa lewru Abriil 2026. O woni ardiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya jooni ngam suɓol 2027. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Gwarzo jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 noowammbar 1960, to nokku laamu Gwarzo to diiwaan Kano. Baaba makko Abdussalam Muhammadu Dikko ko taani Malama Saudatu iwdi Sarkin Kano Usmaan I Maje Ringim. O janngii duɗal leslesal Gwarzo tuggi 1966 haa 1972, kadi tuggi 1972 haa 1977. O heɓi dipolomaaji ngenndiiji e dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Politeknik dowla Kano, o janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero, Kano tuggi 2007 haa 2008 ngam heɓde dipolomaaji Postmaduacy Public Dip. == Kugal == Gwarzo fuɗɗii golle mum ko jannginoowo e nder suudu janngirdu e hitaande 1977, o wonti hooreejo jaŋde e hitaande 1981. O wonti ofisee revenue caggal nde o heɓi Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji e bankeeji e kaalis e Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi e nder hiisawal e hitaande 1988. O golliima duuɓi 6 o naati e politik o wonti hooreejo laamu nokku Gwarzo e hitaande 1996. == Golle politik == Gwarzo laati cukko guwerneer cuɓaaɗo nder diiwal Kano nder lewru mars 2023, les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya kesum, nden Abba Kabir Yusuf woni guwerneer cuɓaaɗo. Yusuf jokki Gwarzo e kanndidaa mum gila e wooteeji 2019. Ñalnde 27 mars 2026, Gwarzo woppi laamu cukko guwerneer diiwaan Kano e nder luural politik hakkunde mum e guwerneer Abba Kabir Yusuf, ina jeyaa heen geɗe jowitiiɗe e jokkondiral lannda. Gwarzo woniino komisinaajo dowla, tuggi 2011 haa 2015 e gardagol guwerneer Rabiu Kwankwaso. O woni hooreejo nokkuure laamu lesdi Gwarzo nder hitaande 1996 nden diga 1999 haa 2003 les lesdi PDP nden Rabiu Kwankwaso woni guwerneer lesdi ndi'i. == Tuugnorgal == nmvwbw7o9ocydv0ndg6rxsg2aqwhxn7 176506 176505 2026-06-26T07:34:26Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo''' (jibinaama 6 lewru Noowammbar 1960) woni siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati cukko guwerneer lesdi Kano diga 30 lewru Mayru 2023 haa lewru Abriil 2026. O woni ardiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya jooni ngam suɓol 2027.<ref name="CC">{{cite web|last=Abdallah|first=Nuruddeen M.|date=23 February 2023|title=Kwankwaso rounds off campaign in Kano|url=https://21stcenturychronicle.com/kwankwaso-rounds-off-campaign-in-kano/|access-date=1 April 2023|website=21st Century Chronicle}}</ref><ref name="TD">{{cite news|title=Our Determination Will Be an Offshoot of Kwankwaso's Govt|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/03/21/our-determination-will-be-an-offshoot-of-kwankwasos-govt/|date=21 March 2023|access-date=29 August 2024|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref><ref name="AA">{{cite web|last=Shuaib|first=Yushau|date=5 November 2022|title=NNPP Deputy Guber, Comrade Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo Loses Mother|url=https://arewaagenda.com/just-nnpp-deputy-guber/|access-date=29 August 2024|website=Arewa Agenda}}</ref><ref name="IN">{{cite news|url=https://independent.ng/kano-nnpp-deputy-guber-candidate-loses-mother/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Kano NNPP Deputy Guber Candidate Loses Mother|last=Tijjani|first=Ahmad|date=5 November 2022|access-date=29 August 2024|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Gwarzo jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 noowammbar 1960, to nokku laamu Gwarzo to diiwaan Kano. Baaba makko Abdussalam Muhammadu Dikko ko taani Malama Saudatu iwdi Sarkin Kano Usmaan I Maje Ringim. O janngii duɗal leslesal Gwarzo tuggi 1966 haa 1972, kadi tuggi 1972 haa 1977. O heɓi dipolomaaji ngenndiiji e dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Politeknik dowla Kano, o janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero, Kano tuggi 2007 haa 2008 ngam heɓde dipolomaaji Postmaduacy Public Dip. == Kugal == Gwarzo fuɗɗii golle mum ko jannginoowo e nder suudu janngirdu e hitaande 1977, o wonti hooreejo jaŋde e hitaande 1981. O wonti ofisee revenue caggal nde o heɓi Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji e bankeeji e kaalis e Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi e nder hiisawal e hitaande 1988. O golliima duuɓi 6 o naati e politik o wonti hooreejo laamu nokku Gwarzo e hitaande 1996. == Golle politik == Gwarzo laati cukko guwerneer cuɓaaɗo nder diiwal Kano nder lewru mars 2023, les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya kesum, nden Abba Kabir Yusuf woni guwerneer cuɓaaɗo. Yusuf jokki Gwarzo e kanndidaa mum gila e wooteeji 2019. Ñalnde 27 mars 2026, Gwarzo woppi laamu cukko guwerneer diiwaan Kano e nder luural politik hakkunde mum e guwerneer Abba Kabir Yusuf, ina jeyaa heen geɗe jowitiiɗe e jokkondiral lannda. Gwarzo woniino komisinaajo dowla, tuggi 2011 haa 2015 e gardagol guwerneer Rabiu Kwankwaso. O woni hooreejo nokkuure laamu lesdi Gwarzo nder hitaande 1996 nden diga 1999 haa 2003 les lesdi PDP nden Rabiu Kwankwaso woni guwerneer lesdi ndi'i. == Tuugnorgal == rhfa28e8gf59gyjdw61oonhz39sa28g 176507 176506 2026-06-26T07:35:50Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo''' (jibinaama 6 lewru Noowammbar 1960) woni siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati cukko guwerneer lesdi Kano diga 30 lewru Mayru 2023 haa lewru Abriil 2026. O woni ardiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya jooni ngam suɓol 2027.<ref name="CC">{{cite web|last=Abdallah|first=Nuruddeen M.|date=23 February 2023|title=Kwankwaso rounds off campaign in Kano|url=https://21stcenturychronicle.com/kwankwaso-rounds-off-campaign-in-kano/|access-date=1 April 2023|website=21st Century Chronicle}}</ref><ref name="TD">{{cite news|title=Our Determination Will Be an Offshoot of Kwankwaso's Govt|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/03/21/our-determination-will-be-an-offshoot-of-kwankwasos-govt/|date=21 March 2023|access-date=29 August 2024|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref><ref name="AA">{{cite web|last=Shuaib|first=Yushau|date=5 November 2022|title=NNPP Deputy Guber, Comrade Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo Loses Mother|url=https://arewaagenda.com/just-nnpp-deputy-guber/|access-date=29 August 2024|website=Arewa Agenda}}</ref><ref name="IN">{{cite news|url=https://independent.ng/kano-nnpp-deputy-guber-candidate-loses-mother/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Kano NNPP Deputy Guber Candidate Loses Mother|last=Tijjani|first=Ahmad|date=5 November 2022|access-date=29 August 2024|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Gwarzo jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 noowammbar 1960, to nokku laamu Gwarzo to diiwaan Kano. Baaba makko Abdussalam Muhammadu Dikko ko taani Malama Saudatu iwdi Sarkin Kano Usmaan I Maje Ringim. O janngii duɗal leslesal Gwarzo tuggi 1966 haa 1972, kadi tuggi 1972 haa 1977. O heɓi dipolomaaji ngenndiiji e dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Politeknik dowla Kano, o janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero, Kano tuggi 2007 haa 2008 ngam heɓde dipolomaaji Postmaduacy Public Dip.<ref name="CC2" /><ref name="TD2" /><ref name="AA2" /><ref name="IN2" />.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/our-quarrel-with-ganduje-shekarau-aminu-abdulsalam/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Mgboh|first=Desmond|title=Our quarrel with Ganduje, Shekarau –Aminu Abdulsalam|date=11 November 2018|access-date=29 August 2024|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://allnews.ng/news/kano-pdp-loses-former-gubernatorial-aspirant-to-nnpp|last=Ahmad|first=A'isha|title=Kano PDP Loses Former Gubernatorial Aspirant, Running Mate To NNPP|agency=AllNews|date=28 March 2022|access-date=29 August 2024}}</ref> == Kugal == Gwarzo fuɗɗii golle mum ko jannginoowo e nder suudu janngirdu e hitaande 1977, o wonti hooreejo jaŋde e hitaande 1981. O wonti ofisee revenue caggal nde o heɓi Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji e bankeeji e kaalis e Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi e nder hiisawal e hitaande 1988. O golliima duuɓi 6 o naati e politik o wonti hooreejo laamu nokku Gwarzo e hitaande 1996. == Golle politik == Gwarzo laati cukko guwerneer cuɓaaɗo nder diiwal Kano nder lewru mars 2023, les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya kesum, nden Abba Kabir Yusuf woni guwerneer cuɓaaɗo. Yusuf jokki Gwarzo e kanndidaa mum gila e wooteeji 2019. Ñalnde 27 mars 2026, Gwarzo woppi laamu cukko guwerneer diiwaan Kano e nder luural politik hakkunde mum e guwerneer Abba Kabir Yusuf, ina jeyaa heen geɗe jowitiiɗe e jokkondiral lannda. Gwarzo woniino komisinaajo dowla, tuggi 2011 haa 2015 e gardagol guwerneer Rabiu Kwankwaso. O woni hooreejo nokkuure laamu lesdi Gwarzo nder hitaande 1996 nden diga 1999 haa 2003 les lesdi PDP nden Rabiu Kwankwaso woni guwerneer lesdi ndi'i. == Tuugnorgal == 92qeimyyd1216uwisozm78lulhvjgvm 176508 176507 2026-06-26T07:36:48Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo''' (jibinaama 6 lewru Noowammbar 1960) woni siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati cukko guwerneer lesdi Kano diga 30 lewru Mayru 2023 haa lewru Abriil 2026. O woni ardiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya jooni ngam suɓol 2027.<ref name="CC">{{cite web|last=Abdallah|first=Nuruddeen M.|date=23 February 2023|title=Kwankwaso rounds off campaign in Kano|url=https://21stcenturychronicle.com/kwankwaso-rounds-off-campaign-in-kano/|access-date=1 April 2023|website=21st Century Chronicle}}</ref><ref name="TD">{{cite news|title=Our Determination Will Be an Offshoot of Kwankwaso's Govt|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/03/21/our-determination-will-be-an-offshoot-of-kwankwasos-govt/|date=21 March 2023|access-date=29 August 2024|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref><ref name="AA">{{cite web|last=Shuaib|first=Yushau|date=5 November 2022|title=NNPP Deputy Guber, Comrade Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo Loses Mother|url=https://arewaagenda.com/just-nnpp-deputy-guber/|access-date=29 August 2024|website=Arewa Agenda}}</ref><ref name="IN">{{cite news|url=https://independent.ng/kano-nnpp-deputy-guber-candidate-loses-mother/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Kano NNPP Deputy Guber Candidate Loses Mother|last=Tijjani|first=Ahmad|date=5 November 2022|access-date=29 August 2024|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Gwarzo jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 noowammbar 1960, to nokku laamu Gwarzo to diiwaan Kano. Baaba makko Abdussalam Muhammadu Dikko ko taani Malama Saudatu iwdi Sarkin Kano Usmaan I Maje Ringim. O janngii duɗal leslesal Gwarzo tuggi 1966 haa 1972, kadi tuggi 1972 haa 1977. O heɓi dipolomaaji ngenndiiji e dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Politeknik dowla Kano, o janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero, Kano tuggi 2007 haa 2008 ngam heɓde dipolomaaji Postmaduacy Public Dip.<ref name="CC2" /><ref name="TD2" /><ref name="AA2" /><ref name="IN2" />.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/our-quarrel-with-ganduje-shekarau-aminu-abdulsalam/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Mgboh|first=Desmond|title=Our quarrel with Ganduje, Shekarau –Aminu Abdulsalam|date=11 November 2018|access-date=29 August 2024|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://allnews.ng/news/kano-pdp-loses-former-gubernatorial-aspirant-to-nnpp|last=Ahmad|first=A'isha|title=Kano PDP Loses Former Gubernatorial Aspirant, Running Mate To NNPP|agency=AllNews|date=28 March 2022|access-date=29 August 2024}}</ref> == Kugal == Gwarzo fuɗɗii golle mum ko jannginoowo e nder suudu janngirdu e hitaande 1977, o wonti hooreejo jaŋde e hitaande 1981.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ibrahim|first=Hussaini|date=2026-03-27|title=Kano deputy governor resigns|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-kano-deputy-governor-resigns/|access-date=2026-04-22|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> O wonti ofisee revenue caggal nde o heɓi Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji e bankeeji e kaalis e Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi e nder hiisawal e hitaande 1988. O golliima duuɓi 6 o naati e politik o wonti hooreejo laamu nokku Gwarzo e hitaande 1996. == Golle politik == Gwarzo laati cukko guwerneer cuɓaaɗo nder diiwal Kano nder lewru mars 2023, les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya kesum, nden Abba Kabir Yusuf woni guwerneer cuɓaaɗo. Yusuf jokki Gwarzo e kanndidaa mum gila e wooteeji 2019. Ñalnde 27 mars 2026, Gwarzo woppi laamu cukko guwerneer diiwaan Kano e nder luural politik hakkunde mum e guwerneer Abba Kabir Yusuf, ina jeyaa heen geɗe jowitiiɗe e jokkondiral lannda. Gwarzo woniino komisinaajo dowla, tuggi 2011 haa 2015 e gardagol guwerneer Rabiu Kwankwaso. O woni hooreejo nokkuure laamu lesdi Gwarzo nder hitaande 1996 nden diga 1999 haa 2003 les lesdi PDP nden Rabiu Kwankwaso woni guwerneer lesdi ndi'i. == Tuugnorgal == qlgc6c98rls89demckekt8r9p5pbrdc 176509 176508 2026-06-26T07:37:52Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo''' (jibinaama 6 lewru Noowammbar 1960) woni siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati cukko guwerneer lesdi Kano diga 30 lewru Mayru 2023 haa lewru Abriil 2026. O woni ardiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya jooni ngam suɓol 2027.<ref name="CC">{{cite web|last=Abdallah|first=Nuruddeen M.|date=23 February 2023|title=Kwankwaso rounds off campaign in Kano|url=https://21stcenturychronicle.com/kwankwaso-rounds-off-campaign-in-kano/|access-date=1 April 2023|website=21st Century Chronicle}}</ref><ref name="TD">{{cite news|title=Our Determination Will Be an Offshoot of Kwankwaso's Govt|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/03/21/our-determination-will-be-an-offshoot-of-kwankwasos-govt/|date=21 March 2023|access-date=29 August 2024|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref><ref name="AA">{{cite web|last=Shuaib|first=Yushau|date=5 November 2022|title=NNPP Deputy Guber, Comrade Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo Loses Mother|url=https://arewaagenda.com/just-nnpp-deputy-guber/|access-date=29 August 2024|website=Arewa Agenda}}</ref><ref name="IN">{{cite news|url=https://independent.ng/kano-nnpp-deputy-guber-candidate-loses-mother/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Kano NNPP Deputy Guber Candidate Loses Mother|last=Tijjani|first=Ahmad|date=5 November 2022|access-date=29 August 2024|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Gwarzo jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 noowammbar 1960, to nokku laamu Gwarzo to diiwaan Kano. Baaba makko Abdussalam Muhammadu Dikko ko taani Malama Saudatu iwdi Sarkin Kano Usmaan I Maje Ringim. O janngii duɗal leslesal Gwarzo tuggi 1966 haa 1972, kadi tuggi 1972 haa 1977. O heɓi dipolomaaji ngenndiiji e dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Politeknik dowla Kano, o janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero, Kano tuggi 2007 haa 2008 ngam heɓde dipolomaaji Postmaduacy Public Dip.<ref name="CC2" /><ref name="TD2" /><ref name="AA2" /><ref name="IN2" />.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/our-quarrel-with-ganduje-shekarau-aminu-abdulsalam/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Mgboh|first=Desmond|title=Our quarrel with Ganduje, Shekarau –Aminu Abdulsalam|date=11 November 2018|access-date=29 August 2024|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://allnews.ng/news/kano-pdp-loses-former-gubernatorial-aspirant-to-nnpp|last=Ahmad|first=A'isha|title=Kano PDP Loses Former Gubernatorial Aspirant, Running Mate To NNPP|agency=AllNews|date=28 March 2022|access-date=29 August 2024}}</ref> == Kugal == Gwarzo fuɗɗii golle mum ko jannginoowo e nder suudu janngirdu e hitaande 1977, o wonti hooreejo jaŋde e hitaande 1981.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ibrahim|first=Hussaini|date=2026-03-27|title=Kano deputy governor resigns|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-kano-deputy-governor-resigns/|access-date=2026-04-22|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> O wonti ofisee revenue caggal nde o heɓi Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji e bankeeji e kaalis e Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi e nder hiisawal e hitaande 1988. O golliima duuɓi 6 o naati e politik o wonti hooreejo laamu nokku Gwarzo e hitaande 1996. == Golle politik == Gwarzo laati cukko guwerneer cuɓaaɗo nder diiwal Kano nder lewru mars 2023, les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya kesum, nden Abba Kabir Yusuf woni guwerneer cuɓaaɗo. Yusuf jokki Gwarzo e kanndidaa mum gila e wooteeji 2019. Ñalnde 27 mars 2026, Gwarzo woppi laamu cukko guwerneer diiwaan Kano e nder luural politik hakkunde mum e guwerneer Abba Kabir Yusuf, ina jeyaa heen geɗe jowitiiɗe e jokkondiral lannda.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visitkano.com/executive-council-members/|title=Executive Council|date=21 September 2017|access-date=29 August 2024}}</ref> Gwarzo woniino komisinaajo dowla, tuggi 2011 haa 2015 e gardagol guwerneer Rabiu Kwankwaso. O woni hooreejo nokkuure laamu lesdi Gwarzo nder hitaande 1996 nden diga 1999 haa 2003 les lesdi PDP nden Rabiu Kwankwaso woni guwerneer lesdi ndi'i. == Tuugnorgal == dpyhym9wcwm9yklptw280j5nu9z82z5 0 42569 176510 2026-06-26T07:43:00Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176510 wikitext text/x-wiki Yakubu Dan'juma "Jack" Gowon GCFR (hausa en wi'etee; jibinaa ko 19 Oktoobar 1934) ko seneraal Naajeeriya e dowla, o laati hooreejo konu lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1966 haa 1975. Gowon woni hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya, anndiraama kadi konu Biafra ɗo o hokki wolde mawnde "no victor, no vanquished" haa timminorde konu ngam wallugo sembiɗinki e jokkirli. Gowon hollitii wonde o waɗaani hay huunde bonnde e nder wolde nde, kadi ardorde makko hisnii leydi ndii. Kerecee’en Angalteer. iwde e leñol Ngas tokosol e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, Gowon ko ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, kadi ko goonɗinɗo ngootaagu e ngootaagu Naajeeriya. Ummital maako dow laamu ɓaawo kuugal lesdi 1966, nden o semmbini laamu sooja’en haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeen noon, Gowon woni hooreejo leydi Nijeer ko ɓuri juutde e jokkondire, o laamiima fotde duuɓi jeenay haa o fooli laamu e nder kuudetaa 1975 mo Brigadier Murtala Mohammed waɗi. Nguurndam gadano Gowon ko Ngas (Angas) ummoriiɗo Lur, wuro tokooso e nder nokku laamu Kanke hannde oo e nder diiwaan Plateau. Jibnaaɓe makko, Nde Yohanna e Matwok Kurnyang, njalti Wusasa, Zaria, ngam wonde misiyoŋaaji fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e balɗe gadane nguurndam Gowon. Baaba makko ina manti nde o resi ñalnde 26 abriil 1923, ñalnde heen dewgal laamɗo Albert e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (caggal ɗuum laamɗo George VI e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth yumma laamɗo). Gowon ko joyaɓo e sukaaɓe sappo e gooto. O mawni ko to Zaria, o heɓi toon nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko gila e cukaagu makko. E nder duɗal, Gowon hollitii wonde ko o daɗndoowo keewɗo faayiida : ko kanko woni gooliiɗo fuku koyɗe duɗal ngal, ko kanko woni dognoowo pole, e dognoowo dingiral juutngal. O fooli limngal kilooji duɗal ngal e hitaande makko adannde. Ko kanko kadi wonnoo kapiteen boksi. Fuɗɗoode golle Gowon naati konu leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1954, o heɓi yamiroore makko e wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo ñalnde 19 oktoobar 1955, ñalngu ngu o dañi duuɓi 21. O janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu laamɗo Sandhurst, to Angalteer (1955–56), to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu, to Camberley, to leydi Angalteer (1962) kam e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff, to Latimer, e hitaande 1965. O yi’i golle e nder leydi Konngo e nder fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam, e hitaande 1960 jappeere komandaajo haa hitaande 1966, e oon sahaa o woniino lietnaa kolonel haa jooni. tce6op906ncf2a8yejy7gv0yiwpmtsg 176511 176510 2026-06-26T07:46:08Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176511 wikitext text/x-wiki Yakubu Dan'juma "Jack" Gowon GCFR (hausa en wi'etee; jibinaa ko 19 Oktoobar 1934) ko seneraal Naajeeriya e dowla, o laati hooreejo konu lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1966 haa 1975. Gowon woni hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya, anndiraama kadi konu Biafra ɗo o hokki wolde mawnde "no victor, no vanquished" haa timminorde konu ngam wallugo sembiɗinki e jokkirli. Gowon hollitii wonde o waɗaani hay huunde bonnde e nder wolde nde, kadi ardorde makko hisnii leydi ndii. Kerecee’en Angalteer. iwde e leñol Ngas tokosol e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, Gowon ko ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, kadi ko goonɗinɗo ngootaagu e ngootaagu Naajeeriya. Ummital maako dow laamu ɓaawo kuugal lesdi 1966, nden o semmbini laamu sooja’en haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeen noon, Gowon woni hooreejo leydi Nijeer ko ɓuri juutde e jokkondire, o laamiima fotde duuɓi jeenay haa o fooli laamu e nder kuudetaa 1975 mo Brigadier Murtala Mohammed waɗi. Nguurndam gadano Gowon ko Ngas (Angas) ummoriiɗo Lur, wuro tokooso e nder nokku laamu Kanke hannde oo e nder diiwaan Plateau. Jibnaaɓe makko, Nde Yohanna e Matwok Kurnyang, njalti Wusasa, Zaria, ngam wonde misiyoŋaaji fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e balɗe gadane nguurndam Gowon. Baaba makko ina manti nde o resi ñalnde 26 abriil 1923, ñalnde heen dewgal laamɗo Albert e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (caggal ɗuum laamɗo George VI e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth yumma laamɗo). Gowon ko joyaɓo e sukaaɓe sappo e gooto. O mawni ko to Zaria, o heɓi toon nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko gila e cukaagu makko. E nder duɗal, Gowon hollitii wonde ko o daɗndoowo keewɗo faayiida : ko kanko woni gooliiɗo fuku koyɗe duɗal ngal, ko kanko woni dognoowo pole, e dognoowo dingiral juutngal. O fooli limngal kilooji duɗal ngal e hitaande makko adannde. Ko kanko kadi wonnoo kapiteen boksi. Fuɗɗoode golle Gowon naati konu leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1954, o heɓi yamiroore makko e wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo ñalnde 19 oktoobar 1955, ñalngu ngu o dañi duuɓi 21. O janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu laamɗo Sandhurst, to Angalteer (1955–56), to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu, to Camberley, to leydi Angalteer (1962) kam e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff, to Latimer, e hitaande 1965. O yi’i golle e nder leydi Konngo e nder fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam, e hitaande 1960 jappeere komandaajo haa hitaande 1966, e oon sahaa o woniino lietnaa kolonel haa jooni. Kuudetaa 1966 Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1966 E lewru Yarkoma hitaande 1966, o wonti hooreejo konu Naajeeriya ɓurɗo famɗude e duuɓi 31, sabu kuudetaa konu mo fedde ofiseeji tokoosi e gardagol Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu addani laamu siwil Naajeeriya foolde. E nder ndee ɗoo kuudetaa, ko ɓuri heewde e ardiiɓe leyɗeele worgo e hirnaange mbaraama, ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer ; Sir Ahmadu Bello, sardauna mo Sokoto e hooreejo diiwaan worgo; e Samuel Akintola, hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange, Lietnaa Kolonel Artur Unegbe e woɗɓe heewɓe. Ndeen Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon artii e kursus mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff College, Latimer UK balɗe ɗiɗi ko adii kuudetaa oo – gargol mum ko juuti, ina gasa tawa ina waawi ittude mo e doggol hitooɓe Staff) ngam jaɓɓaade ɗaɓɓaande Fuɗnaange ngam ñaawde kuudetaa ɓeydii tikkere Fuɗnaange. Ballal mawngal ina woodi wonande pelle kuudetaaji ɗii ummoraade e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo kam e jaayndeeji "Lagos-Ibadan" ɓurɗi heewde bannge nano. Kuudetaa konte lewru juko Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1966 kuudetaa Nijeer Ndeen arii Decree Aguyi Ironsi limre 34, nde holliti ittugol laamu fedde ndee ngam wallitde dowla gooto, darnde nde won e yimɓe Hoɗɓe-haa teeŋti e taƴre mawnde e nder Diiso ngenndiijo Igbo-dominated of Nigeria e Southerns (NCNC) firti ɗum wrong a Northerns[18][18] (haa teeŋti e Igbo) etaade heɓtude denndaangal leƴƴi laamu e nder leydi ndii. Fuɗnaange-rewo ina woɗɗi no feewi diiwanuuji Hirnaange e Fuɗnaange to bannge jaŋde (feccere e mum en ko sabu reentaade doosɗe lislaam e ethos pinal e renndo hirnaange), tawi noon ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange-Igbo en ina tawtoree tawo e nder sarwisaaji laamu fedde ndee. Anniya Murtala Mohammed e wondiiɓe mum waɗooɓe kuudetaa ko ngam ƴellitde seerndude diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e Naajeeriya fof, kono caggal ɗuum ɓe ndartinii peeje maɓɓe e wasiyaaji keewɗi, e nder heen ko heewi e gollotooɓe laamu toowɓe e ñaawooɓe e nder laamuuji Naajeeriya, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko poliseeji Amerik ofiseeji sukaaɓe ndeen pelliti innirde Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon, mo nganndu-ɗaa alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa tawtoreede kewuuji haa ndeen, hooreejo leydi Najeriya. Nde o ummii e laamu Gowon wayli Ironsi mo o woppi doosgal fedde nde. Hooreejo leydi E hitaande 1966, Gowon suɓaa yo won hooreejo leydi. Haa e oon sahaa, Gowon ina heddii e wonde soldaat jom golle mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa politik, haa nde kewuuji muusɗi ɗii mbaɗi e hitaande ndee, ɗoon e ɗoon, o waɗti mo e darnde ardorde, nde tawnoo ko o baawɗo wonde fof, ko o neɗɗo worgo, mo wonaano Hausa walla Fulani, mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa iwdi Islaam mo yimɓe mum ina ɓuuɓtoo e jiiɓru leƴƴi. Gowon ɓamti hoore maako laabi ɗiɗi dow hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Gowon wonnoo ko Lietnaa Kolonel nde o ummii e laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Naajeeriya ñalnde 1 lewru nduu hitaande 1966, kono ofiseeji mawɗi goɗɗi ko wayi no Komodor Joseph Wey, Brigadier Babafemi Ogundipe, e Kolonel Robert Adebayo ko e nder laamu mawngu nguu e militeeruuji maɓɓe. Ngam dartinde darnde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi, Gowon ƴetti hoore mum, o wonti Major-General ko adii nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele fuɗɗotoo e hitaande 1967, o wonti Seneraal timmuɗo e joofnirde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1970. Ardiiɗo wolde nder leydi Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Hare nder leydi Najeriya E nder fawaade e ceergal fuɗnaange, Gowon yahri ko yaawi ngam leefɗinde ballal diiwaan oo, o yamiri sosde dowlaaji kesi sappo e ɗiɗi ngam lomtaade diiwanuuji nay ɗii. Jeegom e ɗeen dowlaaji ina njogii pelle tokoose ɗe ɗaɓɓunoo sosde dowla gila e kitaale 1950. Gowon hiisiima no haanirta nii wonde leƴƴi pamari fuɗnaange ɗii mballataa Igbos en e dow tiiɗnaare, sibu ina mbaawi jogaade dowlaaji mum en so tawii darnde seertude ndee foolaama. Heewɓe e konu fedde nde haɓannoo e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, anndiraande kadi wolde Biafran, ngam artirde diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e fedde nde, ko terɗe pelle tokoose. 2cmru80qoknao3nhjclx7xbnawapjux 176512 176511 2026-06-26T07:50:37Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176512 wikitext text/x-wiki Yakubu Dan'juma "Jack" Gowon GCFR (hausa en wi'etee; jibinaa ko 19 Oktoobar 1934) ko seneraal Naajeeriya e dowla, o laati hooreejo konu lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1966 haa 1975. Gowon woni hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya, anndiraama kadi konu Biafra ɗo o hokki wolde mawnde "no victor, no vanquished" haa timminorde konu ngam wallugo sembiɗinki e jokkirli. Gowon hollitii wonde o waɗaani hay huunde bonnde e nder wolde nde, kadi ardorde makko hisnii leydi ndii. Kerecee’en Angalteer. iwde e leñol Ngas tokosol e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, Gowon ko ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, kadi ko goonɗinɗo ngootaagu e ngootaagu Naajeeriya. Ummital maako dow laamu ɓaawo kuugal lesdi 1966, nden o semmbini laamu sooja’en haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeen noon, Gowon woni hooreejo leydi Nijeer ko ɓuri juutde e jokkondire, o laamiima fotde duuɓi jeenay haa o fooli laamu e nder kuudetaa 1975 mo Brigadier Murtala Mohammed waɗi. Nguurndam gadano Gowon ko Ngas (Angas) ummoriiɗo Lur, wuro tokooso e nder nokku laamu Kanke hannde oo e nder diiwaan Plateau. Jibnaaɓe makko, Nde Yohanna e Matwok Kurnyang, njalti Wusasa, Zaria, ngam wonde misiyoŋaaji fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e balɗe gadane nguurndam Gowon. Baaba makko ina manti nde o resi ñalnde 26 abriil 1923, ñalnde heen dewgal laamɗo Albert e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (caggal ɗuum laamɗo George VI e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth yumma laamɗo). Gowon ko joyaɓo e sukaaɓe sappo e gooto. O mawni ko to Zaria, o heɓi toon nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko gila e cukaagu makko. E nder duɗal, Gowon hollitii wonde ko o daɗndoowo keewɗo faayiida : ko kanko woni gooliiɗo fuku koyɗe duɗal ngal, ko kanko woni dognoowo pole, e dognoowo dingiral juutngal. O fooli limngal kilooji duɗal ngal e hitaande makko adannde. Ko kanko kadi wonnoo kapiteen boksi. Fuɗɗoode golle Gowon naati konu leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1954, o heɓi yamiroore makko e wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo ñalnde 19 oktoobar 1955, ñalngu ngu o dañi duuɓi 21. O janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu laamɗo Sandhurst, to Angalteer (1955–56), to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu, to Camberley, to leydi Angalteer (1962) kam e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff, to Latimer, e hitaande 1965. O yi’i golle e nder leydi Konngo e nder fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam, e hitaande 1960 jappeere komandaajo haa hitaande 1966, e oon sahaa o woniino lietnaa kolonel haa jooni. Kuudetaa 1966 Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1966 E lewru Yarkoma hitaande 1966, o wonti hooreejo konu Naajeeriya ɓurɗo famɗude e duuɓi 31, sabu kuudetaa konu mo fedde ofiseeji tokoosi e gardagol Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu addani laamu siwil Naajeeriya foolde. E nder ndee ɗoo kuudetaa, ko ɓuri heewde e ardiiɓe leyɗeele worgo e hirnaange mbaraama, ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer ; Sir Ahmadu Bello, sardauna mo Sokoto e hooreejo diiwaan worgo; e Samuel Akintola, hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange, Lietnaa Kolonel Artur Unegbe e woɗɓe heewɓe. Ndeen Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon artii e kursus mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff College, Latimer UK balɗe ɗiɗi ko adii kuudetaa oo – gargol mum ko juuti, ina gasa tawa ina waawi ittude mo e doggol hitooɓe Staff) ngam jaɓɓaade ɗaɓɓaande Fuɗnaange ngam ñaawde kuudetaa ɓeydii tikkere Fuɗnaange. Ballal mawngal ina woodi wonande pelle kuudetaaji ɗii ummoraade e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo kam e jaayndeeji "Lagos-Ibadan" ɓurɗi heewde bannge nano. Kuudetaa konte lewru juko Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1966 kuudetaa Nijeer Ndeen arii Decree Aguyi Ironsi limre 34, nde holliti ittugol laamu fedde ndee ngam wallitde dowla gooto, darnde nde won e yimɓe Hoɗɓe-haa teeŋti e taƴre mawnde e nder Diiso ngenndiijo Igbo-dominated of Nigeria e Southerns (NCNC) firti ɗum wrong a Northerns[18][18] (haa teeŋti e Igbo) etaade heɓtude denndaangal leƴƴi laamu e nder leydi ndii. Fuɗnaange-rewo ina woɗɗi no feewi diiwanuuji Hirnaange e Fuɗnaange to bannge jaŋde (feccere e mum en ko sabu reentaade doosɗe lislaam e ethos pinal e renndo hirnaange), tawi noon ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange-Igbo en ina tawtoree tawo e nder sarwisaaji laamu fedde ndee. Anniya Murtala Mohammed e wondiiɓe mum waɗooɓe kuudetaa ko ngam ƴellitde seerndude diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e Naajeeriya fof, kono caggal ɗuum ɓe ndartinii peeje maɓɓe e wasiyaaji keewɗi, e nder heen ko heewi e gollotooɓe laamu toowɓe e ñaawooɓe e nder laamuuji Naajeeriya, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko poliseeji Amerik ofiseeji sukaaɓe ndeen pelliti innirde Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon, mo nganndu-ɗaa alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa tawtoreede kewuuji haa ndeen, hooreejo leydi Najeriya. Nde o ummii e laamu Gowon wayli Ironsi mo o woppi doosgal fedde nde. Hooreejo leydi E hitaande 1966, Gowon suɓaa yo won hooreejo leydi. Haa e oon sahaa, Gowon ina heddii e wonde soldaat jom golle mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa politik, haa nde kewuuji muusɗi ɗii mbaɗi e hitaande ndee, ɗoon e ɗoon, o waɗti mo e darnde ardorde, nde tawnoo ko o baawɗo wonde fof, ko o neɗɗo worgo, mo wonaano Hausa walla Fulani, mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa iwdi Islaam mo yimɓe mum ina ɓuuɓtoo e jiiɓru leƴƴi. Gowon ɓamti hoore maako laabi ɗiɗi dow hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Gowon wonnoo ko Lietnaa Kolonel nde o ummii e laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Naajeeriya ñalnde 1 lewru nduu hitaande 1966, kono ofiseeji mawɗi goɗɗi ko wayi no Komodor Joseph Wey, Brigadier Babafemi Ogundipe, e Kolonel Robert Adebayo ko e nder laamu mawngu nguu e militeeruuji maɓɓe. Ngam dartinde darnde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi, Gowon ƴetti hoore mum, o wonti Major-General ko adii nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele fuɗɗotoo e hitaande 1967, o wonti Seneraal timmuɗo e joofnirde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1970. Ardiiɗo wolde nder leydi Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Hare nder leydi Najeriya E nder fawaade e ceergal fuɗnaange, Gowon yahri ko yaawi ngam leefɗinde ballal diiwaan oo, o yamiri sosde dowlaaji kesi sappo e ɗiɗi ngam lomtaade diiwanuuji nay ɗii. Jeegom e ɗeen dowlaaji ina njogii pelle tokoose ɗe ɗaɓɓunoo sosde dowla gila e kitaale 1950. Gowon hiisiima no haanirta nii wonde leƴƴi pamari fuɗnaange ɗii mballataa Igbos en e dow tiiɗnaare, sibu ina mbaawi jogaade dowlaaji mum en so tawii darnde seertude ndee foolaama. Heewɓe e konu fedde nde haɓannoo e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, anndiraande kadi wolde Biafran, ngam artirde diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e fedde nde, ko terɗe pelle tokoose. Hare ndee waɗii lebbi capanɗe tati, nde joofi ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1970. E jaɓde darnde Biafra nde aldaa e sarɗi, Gowon hollitii wonde alaa fof ɗo fooli, alaa ɗo fooli. E nder ngool ruuhu, duuɓi caggal ɗuum bayyinaa ko yonta moƴƴitingol, moƴƴitingol, e nanondiral. Boom coggu petroŋ, puɗɗinooɗo sabu ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ (ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu leydi ndii) e nder luumo winndereejo e hitaande 1973, ɓeydi mbaawka laamu fedde ndee e ƴettude ɗeen golle. Wonno ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e worgo, tawi ko Gowon ardii ɗum. Ñalnde 4–5 lewru Yarkomaa 1967, e dow ɗaɓɓaande hooreejo leydi Biafran, hono Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, ngam hawrude e jeewte tan ko e leydi ndi alaa ko woni e mum, batu ngu Gowon, Ojukwu e terɗe goɗɗe e nder Goomu Toowngu Konu nguu tawtoraama, yuɓɓinaama to Aburi to leydi Gana, faandaare mum hollitaama ko ngam haɓaade leydi Nijeer fedde diiwanuuji. Dañal ngalɗoo batu ko nanondiral Aburi. Nanondiral Aburi ngal yi’aani lewru, sibu laamu ngu Gowon ardii ngu ina joginoo miijo mawngo e ngalu potngu heɓeede, haa teeŋti noon e ngalu petroŋ ngu ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydo sibu ko resooji njiytaa e nokku hee e nder cagataagal kitaale 1960. Wi'aama walaa ko laarani tabitinki, Gowon e Ojukwu fuu ɗon mari anndal dow ko laarani limngal petrolji mawɗi nder nokkuure nde'e, nde hannde mawni haa laati limngal faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. Naatgol hakkunde hirnaange hitaande 1967 E nder doggol ngam ƴeewtaade batte laamu Ojukwu to Fuɗnaange, Gowon anndinii ñalnde 5 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 feccere diiwanuuji tati Naajeeriya ɗii e nder diiwanuuji 12 : Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Kano, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-Cakaari, Diiwanuuji Benue-Plateau, Diiwanuuji Kwaster, Diiwanuuji LadW e Diiwanuuji Hirnaange Diiwaan Fuɗnaange Ojukwu, Dowla Rivers, Dowla Fuɗnaange-rewo, e Dowla Fuɗnaange-Caka. Dowlaaji ɗi ngonaa Igbo en Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange e Maayooji ɗi njoginoo restoraaji petroŋ e jokkondiral e maayo, ndartinaama ngam seerndude nokkuuji Igbo en ɗii no dowri Fuɗnaange-Cakaari nii.Gooto e geɗe luulndiiɗe ɗeeɗoo golle ko Gowon ƴettiti Port Harcourt, wuro mawngo e nder Niger Delta e Ikwejares Fuɗnaange, e nder Ikwejares Sud, e nder leydi Niger Reserves Naajeeriya ɓurduɗe mawnugo, nder lesdi Rivers kesum, ɗon semmbiɗina ɗuuɗal yimɓe Igbo'en wurooɓe ton. Doggol heewɓe e maɓɓe ngarta e gure mum en to "Igbo heartland" to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ɗo ɓe njiyri ɓurde kisal, ina tuumaa ko luural wonande politik Gowon "no victor, no vanquished", nde wonnoo e joofnirde wolde ndee, jawdi ndi ɓe ngoppi ndii, ko ɓiɓɓe leydi Rivers State mbiyata ɗum. Hakkunde darorɗe lewru sulyee 1967, konu fedde nde e konu leydi Nijeer nanngi duunde Bonny e nder diiwaan Niiseer, ɓe keɓi heen doole mum en e nokkuuji Shell-BP baɗɗi faayiida. Golle ɗee puɗɗii kadi e lewru mee 1968, nde Nijeer heɓti Port Harcourt. Koɗki mayri bonniino, ina haani feewnireede. Pewnugol e njeeygu petroŋ ina jokki, kono ko e tolno les. Timmingol e hitaande 1969 terminal keso to Forçados addani peewnugol ngol ɓeydaade gila e 142 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1958 haa 540 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1969. E hitaande 1970, ngolɗoo limoore ɓeydiima laabi ɗiɗi haa 1,08 miliyoŋ barel/ñalngu. Leƴƴi tokoosi e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɗii, ɓuri waawde wonde ko ɗi ngonaa sanguine en e ko fayti e seertude, sibu ɗum firtata ko wuurde e nder ko ɓe cikkata ko leñol ngol Igbo en ɓuri heewde. Woɓɓe ɓe naa Igbo'en jooɗiiɓe nder diiwal Fuunaange, ɓe ɗon ƴama ballal cemmbiɗngal haa hare Biafra, malla boo ɓe mballiri bannge fedde nde ngam ɓe nasta nder konu Naajeeriya, ɓe hokka ɗum anndal dow kuuɗe konu Biafran. Kono won heen mbaɗii geɗe tiiɗɗe e laamu Biafra, tawi N.U. Akpan ina woni Sekereteer laamu nguu, Lietnaa Kolonel (caggal ɗuum Major-Seneraal) Philip Effiong, ina woni hooreejo konu Biafra e woɗɓe hono mawɓe Bassey e Graham-Douglas ina ngondi e golle maantiniiɗe goɗɗe. fbothm7innxcxosoy7pvg44p92h0byn 176513 176512 2026-06-26T07:53:50Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176513 wikitext text/x-wiki Yakubu Dan'juma "Jack" Gowon GCFR (hausa en wi'etee; jibinaa ko 19 Oktoobar 1934) ko seneraal Naajeeriya e dowla, o laati hooreejo konu lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1966 haa 1975. Gowon woni hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya, anndiraama kadi konu Biafra ɗo o hokki wolde mawnde "no victor, no vanquished" haa timminorde konu ngam wallugo sembiɗinki e jokkirli. Gowon hollitii wonde o waɗaani hay huunde bonnde e nder wolde nde, kadi ardorde makko hisnii leydi ndii. Kerecee’en Angalteer. iwde e leñol Ngas tokosol e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, Gowon ko ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, kadi ko goonɗinɗo ngootaagu e ngootaagu Naajeeriya. Ummital maako dow laamu ɓaawo kuugal lesdi 1966, nden o semmbini laamu sooja’en haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeen noon, Gowon woni hooreejo leydi Nijeer ko ɓuri juutde e jokkondire, o laamiima fotde duuɓi jeenay haa o fooli laamu e nder kuudetaa 1975 mo Brigadier Murtala Mohammed waɗi. Nguurndam gadano Gowon ko Ngas (Angas) ummoriiɗo Lur, wuro tokooso e nder nokku laamu Kanke hannde oo e nder diiwaan Plateau. Jibnaaɓe makko, Nde Yohanna e Matwok Kurnyang, njalti Wusasa, Zaria, ngam wonde misiyoŋaaji fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e balɗe gadane nguurndam Gowon. Baaba makko ina manti nde o resi ñalnde 26 abriil 1923, ñalnde heen dewgal laamɗo Albert e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (caggal ɗuum laamɗo George VI e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth yumma laamɗo). Gowon ko joyaɓo e sukaaɓe sappo e gooto. O mawni ko to Zaria, o heɓi toon nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko gila e cukaagu makko. E nder duɗal, Gowon hollitii wonde ko o daɗndoowo keewɗo faayiida : ko kanko woni gooliiɗo fuku koyɗe duɗal ngal, ko kanko woni dognoowo pole, e dognoowo dingiral juutngal. O fooli limngal kilooji duɗal ngal e hitaande makko adannde. Ko kanko kadi wonnoo kapiteen boksi. Fuɗɗoode golle Gowon naati konu leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1954, o heɓi yamiroore makko e wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo ñalnde 19 oktoobar 1955, ñalngu ngu o dañi duuɓi 21. O janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu laamɗo Sandhurst, to Angalteer (1955–56), to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu, to Camberley, to leydi Angalteer (1962) kam e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff, to Latimer, e hitaande 1965. O yi’i golle e nder leydi Konngo e nder fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam, e hitaande 1960 jappeere komandaajo haa hitaande 1966, e oon sahaa o woniino lietnaa kolonel haa jooni. Kuudetaa 1966 Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1966 E lewru Yarkoma hitaande 1966, o wonti hooreejo konu Naajeeriya ɓurɗo famɗude e duuɓi 31, sabu kuudetaa konu mo fedde ofiseeji tokoosi e gardagol Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu addani laamu siwil Naajeeriya foolde. E nder ndee ɗoo kuudetaa, ko ɓuri heewde e ardiiɓe leyɗeele worgo e hirnaange mbaraama, ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer ; Sir Ahmadu Bello, sardauna mo Sokoto e hooreejo diiwaan worgo; e Samuel Akintola, hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange, Lietnaa Kolonel Artur Unegbe e woɗɓe heewɓe. Ndeen Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon artii e kursus mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff College, Latimer UK balɗe ɗiɗi ko adii kuudetaa oo – gargol mum ko juuti, ina gasa tawa ina waawi ittude mo e doggol hitooɓe Staff) ngam jaɓɓaade ɗaɓɓaande Fuɗnaange ngam ñaawde kuudetaa ɓeydii tikkere Fuɗnaange. Ballal mawngal ina woodi wonande pelle kuudetaaji ɗii ummoraade e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo kam e jaayndeeji "Lagos-Ibadan" ɓurɗi heewde bannge nano. Kuudetaa konte lewru juko Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1966 kuudetaa Nijeer Ndeen arii Decree Aguyi Ironsi limre 34, nde holliti ittugol laamu fedde ndee ngam wallitde dowla gooto, darnde nde won e yimɓe Hoɗɓe-haa teeŋti e taƴre mawnde e nder Diiso ngenndiijo Igbo-dominated of Nigeria e Southerns (NCNC) firti ɗum wrong a Northerns[18][18] (haa teeŋti e Igbo) etaade heɓtude denndaangal leƴƴi laamu e nder leydi ndii. Fuɗnaange-rewo ina woɗɗi no feewi diiwanuuji Hirnaange e Fuɗnaange to bannge jaŋde (feccere e mum en ko sabu reentaade doosɗe lislaam e ethos pinal e renndo hirnaange), tawi noon ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange-Igbo en ina tawtoree tawo e nder sarwisaaji laamu fedde ndee. Anniya Murtala Mohammed e wondiiɓe mum waɗooɓe kuudetaa ko ngam ƴellitde seerndude diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e Naajeeriya fof, kono caggal ɗuum ɓe ndartinii peeje maɓɓe e wasiyaaji keewɗi, e nder heen ko heewi e gollotooɓe laamu toowɓe e ñaawooɓe e nder laamuuji Naajeeriya, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko poliseeji Amerik ofiseeji sukaaɓe ndeen pelliti innirde Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon, mo nganndu-ɗaa alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa tawtoreede kewuuji haa ndeen, hooreejo leydi Najeriya. Nde o ummii e laamu Gowon wayli Ironsi mo o woppi doosgal fedde nde. Hooreejo leydi E hitaande 1966, Gowon suɓaa yo won hooreejo leydi. Haa e oon sahaa, Gowon ina heddii e wonde soldaat jom golle mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa politik, haa nde kewuuji muusɗi ɗii mbaɗi e hitaande ndee, ɗoon e ɗoon, o waɗti mo e darnde ardorde, nde tawnoo ko o baawɗo wonde fof, ko o neɗɗo worgo, mo wonaano Hausa walla Fulani, mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa iwdi Islaam mo yimɓe mum ina ɓuuɓtoo e jiiɓru leƴƴi. Gowon ɓamti hoore maako laabi ɗiɗi dow hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Gowon wonnoo ko Lietnaa Kolonel nde o ummii e laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Naajeeriya ñalnde 1 lewru nduu hitaande 1966, kono ofiseeji mawɗi goɗɗi ko wayi no Komodor Joseph Wey, Brigadier Babafemi Ogundipe, e Kolonel Robert Adebayo ko e nder laamu mawngu nguu e militeeruuji maɓɓe. Ngam dartinde darnde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi, Gowon ƴetti hoore mum, o wonti Major-General ko adii nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele fuɗɗotoo e hitaande 1967, o wonti Seneraal timmuɗo e joofnirde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1970. Ardiiɗo wolde nder leydi Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Hare nder leydi Najeriya E nder fawaade e ceergal fuɗnaange, Gowon yahri ko yaawi ngam leefɗinde ballal diiwaan oo, o yamiri sosde dowlaaji kesi sappo e ɗiɗi ngam lomtaade diiwanuuji nay ɗii. Jeegom e ɗeen dowlaaji ina njogii pelle tokoose ɗe ɗaɓɓunoo sosde dowla gila e kitaale 1950. Gowon hiisiima no haanirta nii wonde leƴƴi pamari fuɗnaange ɗii mballataa Igbos en e dow tiiɗnaare, sibu ina mbaawi jogaade dowlaaji mum en so tawii darnde seertude ndee foolaama. Heewɓe e konu fedde nde haɓannoo e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, anndiraande kadi wolde Biafran, ngam artirde diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e fedde nde, ko terɗe pelle tokoose. Hare ndee waɗii lebbi capanɗe tati, nde joofi ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1970. E jaɓde darnde Biafra nde aldaa e sarɗi, Gowon hollitii wonde alaa fof ɗo fooli, alaa ɗo fooli. E nder ngool ruuhu, duuɓi caggal ɗuum bayyinaa ko yonta moƴƴitingol, moƴƴitingol, e nanondiral. Boom coggu petroŋ, puɗɗinooɗo sabu ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ (ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu leydi ndii) e nder luumo winndereejo e hitaande 1973, ɓeydi mbaawka laamu fedde ndee e ƴettude ɗeen golle. Wonno ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e worgo, tawi ko Gowon ardii ɗum. Ñalnde 4–5 lewru Yarkomaa 1967, e dow ɗaɓɓaande hooreejo leydi Biafran, hono Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, ngam hawrude e jeewte tan ko e leydi ndi alaa ko woni e mum, batu ngu Gowon, Ojukwu e terɗe goɗɗe e nder Goomu Toowngu Konu nguu tawtoraama, yuɓɓinaama to Aburi to leydi Gana, faandaare mum hollitaama ko ngam haɓaade leydi Nijeer fedde diiwanuuji. Dañal ngalɗoo batu ko nanondiral Aburi. Nanondiral Aburi ngal yi’aani lewru, sibu laamu ngu Gowon ardii ngu ina joginoo miijo mawngo e ngalu potngu heɓeede, haa teeŋti noon e ngalu petroŋ ngu ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydo sibu ko resooji njiytaa e nokku hee e nder cagataagal kitaale 1960. Wi'aama walaa ko laarani tabitinki, Gowon e Ojukwu fuu ɗon mari anndal dow ko laarani limngal petrolji mawɗi nder nokkuure nde'e, nde hannde mawni haa laati limngal faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. Naatgol hakkunde hirnaange hitaande 1967 E nder doggol ngam ƴeewtaade batte laamu Ojukwu to Fuɗnaange, Gowon anndinii ñalnde 5 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 feccere diiwanuuji tati Naajeeriya ɗii e nder diiwanuuji 12 : Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Kano, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-Cakaari, Diiwanuuji Benue-Plateau, Diiwanuuji Kwaster, Diiwanuuji LadW e Diiwanuuji Hirnaange Diiwaan Fuɗnaange Ojukwu, Dowla Rivers, Dowla Fuɗnaange-rewo, e Dowla Fuɗnaange-Caka. Dowlaaji ɗi ngonaa Igbo en Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange e Maayooji ɗi njoginoo restoraaji petroŋ e jokkondiral e maayo, ndartinaama ngam seerndude nokkuuji Igbo en ɗii no dowri Fuɗnaange-Cakaari nii.Gooto e geɗe luulndiiɗe ɗeeɗoo golle ko Gowon ƴettiti Port Harcourt, wuro mawngo e nder Niger Delta e Ikwejares Fuɗnaange, e nder Ikwejares Sud, e nder leydi Niger Reserves Naajeeriya ɓurduɗe mawnugo, nder lesdi Rivers kesum, ɗon semmbiɗina ɗuuɗal yimɓe Igbo'en wurooɓe ton. Doggol heewɓe e maɓɓe ngarta e gure mum en to "Igbo heartland" to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ɗo ɓe njiyri ɓurde kisal, ina tuumaa ko luural wonande politik Gowon "no victor, no vanquished", nde wonnoo e joofnirde wolde ndee, jawdi ndi ɓe ngoppi ndii, ko ɓiɓɓe leydi Rivers State mbiyata ɗum. Hakkunde darorɗe lewru sulyee 1967, konu fedde nde e konu leydi Nijeer nanngi duunde Bonny e nder diiwaan Niiseer, ɓe keɓi heen doole mum en e nokkuuji Shell-BP baɗɗi faayiida. Golle ɗee puɗɗii kadi e lewru mee 1968, nde Nijeer heɓti Port Harcourt. Koɗki mayri bonniino, ina haani feewnireede. Pewnugol e njeeygu petroŋ ina jokki, kono ko e tolno les. Timmingol e hitaande 1969 terminal keso to Forçados addani peewnugol ngol ɓeydaade gila e 142 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1958 haa 540 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1969. E hitaande 1970, ngolɗoo limoore ɓeydiima laabi ɗiɗi haa 1,08 miliyoŋ barel/ñalngu. Leƴƴi tokoosi e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɗii, ɓuri waawde wonde ko ɗi ngonaa sanguine en e ko fayti e seertude, sibu ɗum firtata ko wuurde e nder ko ɓe cikkata ko leñol ngol Igbo en ɓuri heewde. Woɓɓe ɓe naa Igbo'en jooɗiiɓe nder diiwal Fuunaange, ɓe ɗon ƴama ballal cemmbiɗngal haa hare Biafra, malla boo ɓe mballiri bannge fedde nde ngam ɓe nasta nder konu Naajeeriya, ɓe hokka ɗum anndal dow kuuɗe konu Biafran. Kono won heen mbaɗii geɗe tiiɗɗe e laamu Biafra, tawi N.U. Akpan ina woni Sekereteer laamu nguu, Lietnaa Kolonel (caggal ɗuum Major-Seneraal) Philip Effiong, ina woni hooreejo konu Biafra e woɗɓe hono mawɓe Bassey e Graham-Douglas ina ngondi e golle maantiniiɗe goɗɗe. Ñalnde 30 mee 1967, Ojukwu jaabtii bayyinaango Gowon ngoo, o bayyini seertude Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa hannde ko Republique de Biafra. Ɗumɗoon noon ko ngam fuɗɗoraade hare duumotoonde fotde lebbi 30, e yiyde maayde ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 soldaat fedde ndee e miliyoŋaaji tati hareeji e siwil en Biafran, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe maayi ko e heege e nder njiimaandi leydi Nijeer. Hare nden yi'i yaajingo mawngo nder konu Naajeeriya nder mawnugo e ɓesdaari mawɗum nder softugo konu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo konu lesdi Naajeeriya jibinaama nder wolde nden. Kono, luural mawngal ina taarii golle weeyo ɗe konu leydi Najeriya, nde tawnoo hoɗɓe heewɓe e leydi Biafra, ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe Croix-Rouge, misiyoŋaaji janani e jaayndiyankooɓe, ina tuuma konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e haɓaade yimɓe siwil en, nokkuuji ballondiral e nokkuuji luumooji. Gowon yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e dow deeƴre, yantude e haalaaji ɗi konu makko waɗi ko wayi no warngooji, warngooji keewɗi e yimɓe siwil en e loppitgol keewngol e nokkuuji ɗi ɓe keɓi ɗii ; kono gooto e komanndaaji makko e sahaa wolde, hono Benjamin Adekunle ina wayi no rokkii heen seeɗa hoolaare e ɗeen haalaaji e nder deftere mum, tawi ina yaafnoo ɗum en wonde ko geɗe wolde ɗe ngalaa nafoore. "Alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa jaaliiɗo" Gowon e hitaande 1966 Hare ndee joofi ko ñalnde 13 lewru bowte hitaande 1970, nde Kolonel Olusegun Obasanjo jaɓi dokkugol konu Biafran. Janngo mum, Obasanjo hollitii ngonka kaa e rajo gonnooɗo rebel en Rajo Biafra Enugu. Gowon caggal ɗuum waɗi konngol mum lollungol "alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa foolɗo", o rewi heen ko yaafuya wonande ko ɓuri heewde e tawtoranooɓe fitinaaji Biafra, kam e porogaraam "Njoɓdi, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol", ngam feewnude bonneede mawɗe baɗnooɗe e duuɓi dufragi e nder dufragi konno. Won e ɗeen golle meeɗaa yaltude e alluwal diidi. Ko jiidaa e ɗuum, politik laamu Gen. Gowon ngam accude tan ko 20 pounds wonande Biafrannaaɓe jogiiɓe konte banke e nder leydi Nijeer ko adii wolde, tawa ko e dow ballal kaalis gooto, ko ɗum huunde nde liggotooɓe ballal caggal leydi e nokkuuji ɗii fof njiyti ɗum, sibu ɗum addani Bifrannaaɓe waɗde ko heewi e ñamaale, loppitgol e wuyɓe e nder nokku hee caggal wolde nde. Kuulal goɗngal ngal Gowon waɗi e tolno boom petroŋ ko jogaade ko won e yimɓe cikkata ko batte bonɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya e nder duuɓi garooji ɗii, hay so tawii noon batte mum ko yaawi ina famɗi no feewi – dekere makko indigenization e hitaande 1972, nde hollitii geɗe keewɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya ko ɓuri rulimign out- tawtoreede jananɓe e fannuuji keewɗi goɗɗi. Ndee ɗoo yamiroore rokkii nafooje winndereyankooje to Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe jokkondirɓe no feewi kono hollitii wonde ina bonna no feewi e njulaagu ngu wonaa petroŋ e nder faggudu Naajeeriya. Duuɓi ɓaawo konu lesdi Naajeeriya yi’i Naajeeriya heɓi nasaraaku cemmbiɗinki, cemmbiɗinki petroŋ, cemmbiɗinki faggudu nder wakkati man, kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya mawni haa ko meeɗaay heɓuki, bee nanta ɓesdugo ceede ko heɓata nder ceede petroŋ. Kono kadi, ooɗoo sahaa yiytii ɓeydagol jaawngol e njulaagu, ko ɓuri heewde e njulaagu, e nder ardiiɓe laamu fedde ndee ; e hay so tawii hooreejo leydi ndii e hoore mum, hono Seneraal Gowon, meeɗaa yiyeede e golle bonɗe ɗee, omo heewi tuumeede wonde omo ɓuuɓna golle gollotooɓe makko e sehilaaɓe makko. Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1974, e nder luural laaɓtungal e fodoore makko adannde, Gowon hollitii wonde Niiseer heddoraaki laamu siwil haa hitaande 1976, o hollitii kadi wonde ñalngu rokkude laamu nguu maa jokku haa abada. Yanti heen, sabu ɓeydagol birooji, ina woodi tuumeede ɓeydagol njulaagu. Ɓeydagol jawdi e nder leydi ndi addani ɗum en waɗde kaayitaaji naatgol fenaande. Wonno haalaaji tonngoode kaaƴe e ceene naatnaaɗe e nder leydi ndi, e Seneraal Gowon e hoore mum o wiyi e jaayndeyaagal leydi ngoɗndi wonde "caɗeele tan ɗe Naajeeriya jogii ko no o huutortoo kaalis mo o jogii oo." 7q2sfodlg03h553cu5czn478ggnschf 176514 176513 2026-06-26T07:57:07Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176514 wikitext text/x-wiki Yakubu Dan'juma "Jack" Gowon GCFR (hausa en wi'etee; jibinaa ko 19 Oktoobar 1934) ko seneraal Naajeeriya e dowla, o laati hooreejo konu lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1966 haa 1975. Gowon woni hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya, anndiraama kadi konu Biafra ɗo o hokki wolde mawnde "no victor, no vanquished" haa timminorde konu ngam wallugo sembiɗinki e jokkirli. Gowon hollitii wonde o waɗaani hay huunde bonnde e nder wolde nde, kadi ardorde makko hisnii leydi ndii. Kerecee’en Angalteer. iwde e leñol Ngas tokosol e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, Gowon ko ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, kadi ko goonɗinɗo ngootaagu e ngootaagu Naajeeriya. Ummital maako dow laamu ɓaawo kuugal lesdi 1966, nden o semmbini laamu sooja’en haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeen noon, Gowon woni hooreejo leydi Nijeer ko ɓuri juutde e jokkondire, o laamiima fotde duuɓi jeenay haa o fooli laamu e nder kuudetaa 1975 mo Brigadier Murtala Mohammed waɗi. Nguurndam gadano Gowon ko Ngas (Angas) ummoriiɗo Lur, wuro tokooso e nder nokku laamu Kanke hannde oo e nder diiwaan Plateau. Jibnaaɓe makko, Nde Yohanna e Matwok Kurnyang, njalti Wusasa, Zaria, ngam wonde misiyoŋaaji fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e balɗe gadane nguurndam Gowon. Baaba makko ina manti nde o resi ñalnde 26 abriil 1923, ñalnde heen dewgal laamɗo Albert e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (caggal ɗuum laamɗo George VI e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth yumma laamɗo). Gowon ko joyaɓo e sukaaɓe sappo e gooto. O mawni ko to Zaria, o heɓi toon nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko gila e cukaagu makko. E nder duɗal, Gowon hollitii wonde ko o daɗndoowo keewɗo faayiida : ko kanko woni gooliiɗo fuku koyɗe duɗal ngal, ko kanko woni dognoowo pole, e dognoowo dingiral juutngal. O fooli limngal kilooji duɗal ngal e hitaande makko adannde. Ko kanko kadi wonnoo kapiteen boksi. Fuɗɗoode golle Gowon naati konu leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1954, o heɓi yamiroore makko e wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo ñalnde 19 oktoobar 1955, ñalngu ngu o dañi duuɓi 21. O janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu laamɗo Sandhurst, to Angalteer (1955–56), to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu, to Camberley, to leydi Angalteer (1962) kam e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff, to Latimer, e hitaande 1965. O yi’i golle e nder leydi Konngo e nder fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam, e hitaande 1960 jappeere komandaajo haa hitaande 1966, e oon sahaa o woniino lietnaa kolonel haa jooni. Kuudetaa 1966 Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1966 E lewru Yarkoma hitaande 1966, o wonti hooreejo konu Naajeeriya ɓurɗo famɗude e duuɓi 31, sabu kuudetaa konu mo fedde ofiseeji tokoosi e gardagol Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu addani laamu siwil Naajeeriya foolde. E nder ndee ɗoo kuudetaa, ko ɓuri heewde e ardiiɓe leyɗeele worgo e hirnaange mbaraama, ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer ; Sir Ahmadu Bello, sardauna mo Sokoto e hooreejo diiwaan worgo; e Samuel Akintola, hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange, Lietnaa Kolonel Artur Unegbe e woɗɓe heewɓe. Ndeen Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon artii e kursus mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff College, Latimer UK balɗe ɗiɗi ko adii kuudetaa oo – gargol mum ko juuti, ina gasa tawa ina waawi ittude mo e doggol hitooɓe Staff) ngam jaɓɓaade ɗaɓɓaande Fuɗnaange ngam ñaawde kuudetaa ɓeydii tikkere Fuɗnaange. Ballal mawngal ina woodi wonande pelle kuudetaaji ɗii ummoraade e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo kam e jaayndeeji "Lagos-Ibadan" ɓurɗi heewde bannge nano. Kuudetaa konte lewru juko Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1966 kuudetaa Nijeer Ndeen arii Decree Aguyi Ironsi limre 34, nde holliti ittugol laamu fedde ndee ngam wallitde dowla gooto, darnde nde won e yimɓe Hoɗɓe-haa teeŋti e taƴre mawnde e nder Diiso ngenndiijo Igbo-dominated of Nigeria e Southerns (NCNC) firti ɗum wrong a Northerns[18][18] (haa teeŋti e Igbo) etaade heɓtude denndaangal leƴƴi laamu e nder leydi ndii. Fuɗnaange-rewo ina woɗɗi no feewi diiwanuuji Hirnaange e Fuɗnaange to bannge jaŋde (feccere e mum en ko sabu reentaade doosɗe lislaam e ethos pinal e renndo hirnaange), tawi noon ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange-Igbo en ina tawtoree tawo e nder sarwisaaji laamu fedde ndee. Anniya Murtala Mohammed e wondiiɓe mum waɗooɓe kuudetaa ko ngam ƴellitde seerndude diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e Naajeeriya fof, kono caggal ɗuum ɓe ndartinii peeje maɓɓe e wasiyaaji keewɗi, e nder heen ko heewi e gollotooɓe laamu toowɓe e ñaawooɓe e nder laamuuji Naajeeriya, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko poliseeji Amerik ofiseeji sukaaɓe ndeen pelliti innirde Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon, mo nganndu-ɗaa alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa tawtoreede kewuuji haa ndeen, hooreejo leydi Najeriya. Nde o ummii e laamu Gowon wayli Ironsi mo o woppi doosgal fedde nde. Hooreejo leydi E hitaande 1966, Gowon suɓaa yo won hooreejo leydi. Haa e oon sahaa, Gowon ina heddii e wonde soldaat jom golle mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa politik, haa nde kewuuji muusɗi ɗii mbaɗi e hitaande ndee, ɗoon e ɗoon, o waɗti mo e darnde ardorde, nde tawnoo ko o baawɗo wonde fof, ko o neɗɗo worgo, mo wonaano Hausa walla Fulani, mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa iwdi Islaam mo yimɓe mum ina ɓuuɓtoo e jiiɓru leƴƴi. Gowon ɓamti hoore maako laabi ɗiɗi dow hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Gowon wonnoo ko Lietnaa Kolonel nde o ummii e laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Naajeeriya ñalnde 1 lewru nduu hitaande 1966, kono ofiseeji mawɗi goɗɗi ko wayi no Komodor Joseph Wey, Brigadier Babafemi Ogundipe, e Kolonel Robert Adebayo ko e nder laamu mawngu nguu e militeeruuji maɓɓe. Ngam dartinde darnde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi, Gowon ƴetti hoore mum, o wonti Major-General ko adii nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele fuɗɗotoo e hitaande 1967, o wonti Seneraal timmuɗo e joofnirde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1970. Ardiiɗo wolde nder leydi Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Hare nder leydi Najeriya E nder fawaade e ceergal fuɗnaange, Gowon yahri ko yaawi ngam leefɗinde ballal diiwaan oo, o yamiri sosde dowlaaji kesi sappo e ɗiɗi ngam lomtaade diiwanuuji nay ɗii. Jeegom e ɗeen dowlaaji ina njogii pelle tokoose ɗe ɗaɓɓunoo sosde dowla gila e kitaale 1950. Gowon hiisiima no haanirta nii wonde leƴƴi pamari fuɗnaange ɗii mballataa Igbos en e dow tiiɗnaare, sibu ina mbaawi jogaade dowlaaji mum en so tawii darnde seertude ndee foolaama. Heewɓe e konu fedde nde haɓannoo e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, anndiraande kadi wolde Biafran, ngam artirde diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e fedde nde, ko terɗe pelle tokoose. Hare ndee waɗii lebbi capanɗe tati, nde joofi ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1970. E jaɓde darnde Biafra nde aldaa e sarɗi, Gowon hollitii wonde alaa fof ɗo fooli, alaa ɗo fooli. E nder ngool ruuhu, duuɓi caggal ɗuum bayyinaa ko yonta moƴƴitingol, moƴƴitingol, e nanondiral. Boom coggu petroŋ, puɗɗinooɗo sabu ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ (ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu leydi ndii) e nder luumo winndereejo e hitaande 1973, ɓeydi mbaawka laamu fedde ndee e ƴettude ɗeen golle. Wonno ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e worgo, tawi ko Gowon ardii ɗum. Ñalnde 4–5 lewru Yarkomaa 1967, e dow ɗaɓɓaande hooreejo leydi Biafran, hono Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, ngam hawrude e jeewte tan ko e leydi ndi alaa ko woni e mum, batu ngu Gowon, Ojukwu e terɗe goɗɗe e nder Goomu Toowngu Konu nguu tawtoraama, yuɓɓinaama to Aburi to leydi Gana, faandaare mum hollitaama ko ngam haɓaade leydi Nijeer fedde diiwanuuji. Dañal ngalɗoo batu ko nanondiral Aburi. Nanondiral Aburi ngal yi’aani lewru, sibu laamu ngu Gowon ardii ngu ina joginoo miijo mawngo e ngalu potngu heɓeede, haa teeŋti noon e ngalu petroŋ ngu ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydo sibu ko resooji njiytaa e nokku hee e nder cagataagal kitaale 1960. Wi'aama walaa ko laarani tabitinki, Gowon e Ojukwu fuu ɗon mari anndal dow ko laarani limngal petrolji mawɗi nder nokkuure nde'e, nde hannde mawni haa laati limngal faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. Naatgol hakkunde hirnaange hitaande 1967 E nder doggol ngam ƴeewtaade batte laamu Ojukwu to Fuɗnaange, Gowon anndinii ñalnde 5 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 feccere diiwanuuji tati Naajeeriya ɗii e nder diiwanuuji 12 : Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Kano, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-Cakaari, Diiwanuuji Benue-Plateau, Diiwanuuji Kwaster, Diiwanuuji LadW e Diiwanuuji Hirnaange Diiwaan Fuɗnaange Ojukwu, Dowla Rivers, Dowla Fuɗnaange-rewo, e Dowla Fuɗnaange-Caka. Dowlaaji ɗi ngonaa Igbo en Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange e Maayooji ɗi njoginoo restoraaji petroŋ e jokkondiral e maayo, ndartinaama ngam seerndude nokkuuji Igbo en ɗii no dowri Fuɗnaange-Cakaari nii.Gooto e geɗe luulndiiɗe ɗeeɗoo golle ko Gowon ƴettiti Port Harcourt, wuro mawngo e nder Niger Delta e Ikwejares Fuɗnaange, e nder Ikwejares Sud, e nder leydi Niger Reserves Naajeeriya ɓurduɗe mawnugo, nder lesdi Rivers kesum, ɗon semmbiɗina ɗuuɗal yimɓe Igbo'en wurooɓe ton. Doggol heewɓe e maɓɓe ngarta e gure mum en to "Igbo heartland" to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ɗo ɓe njiyri ɓurde kisal, ina tuumaa ko luural wonande politik Gowon "no victor, no vanquished", nde wonnoo e joofnirde wolde ndee, jawdi ndi ɓe ngoppi ndii, ko ɓiɓɓe leydi Rivers State mbiyata ɗum. Hakkunde darorɗe lewru sulyee 1967, konu fedde nde e konu leydi Nijeer nanngi duunde Bonny e nder diiwaan Niiseer, ɓe keɓi heen doole mum en e nokkuuji Shell-BP baɗɗi faayiida. Golle ɗee puɗɗii kadi e lewru mee 1968, nde Nijeer heɓti Port Harcourt. Koɗki mayri bonniino, ina haani feewnireede. Pewnugol e njeeygu petroŋ ina jokki, kono ko e tolno les. Timmingol e hitaande 1969 terminal keso to Forçados addani peewnugol ngol ɓeydaade gila e 142 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1958 haa 540 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1969. E hitaande 1970, ngolɗoo limoore ɓeydiima laabi ɗiɗi haa 1,08 miliyoŋ barel/ñalngu. Leƴƴi tokoosi e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɗii, ɓuri waawde wonde ko ɗi ngonaa sanguine en e ko fayti e seertude, sibu ɗum firtata ko wuurde e nder ko ɓe cikkata ko leñol ngol Igbo en ɓuri heewde. Woɓɓe ɓe naa Igbo'en jooɗiiɓe nder diiwal Fuunaange, ɓe ɗon ƴama ballal cemmbiɗngal haa hare Biafra, malla boo ɓe mballiri bannge fedde nde ngam ɓe nasta nder konu Naajeeriya, ɓe hokka ɗum anndal dow kuuɗe konu Biafran. Kono won heen mbaɗii geɗe tiiɗɗe e laamu Biafra, tawi N.U. Akpan ina woni Sekereteer laamu nguu, Lietnaa Kolonel (caggal ɗuum Major-Seneraal) Philip Effiong, ina woni hooreejo konu Biafra e woɗɓe hono mawɓe Bassey e Graham-Douglas ina ngondi e golle maantiniiɗe goɗɗe. Ñalnde 30 mee 1967, Ojukwu jaabtii bayyinaango Gowon ngoo, o bayyini seertude Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa hannde ko Republique de Biafra. Ɗumɗoon noon ko ngam fuɗɗoraade hare duumotoonde fotde lebbi 30, e yiyde maayde ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 soldaat fedde ndee e miliyoŋaaji tati hareeji e siwil en Biafran, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe maayi ko e heege e nder njiimaandi leydi Nijeer. Hare nden yi'i yaajingo mawngo nder konu Naajeeriya nder mawnugo e ɓesdaari mawɗum nder softugo konu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo konu lesdi Naajeeriya jibinaama nder wolde nden. Kono, luural mawngal ina taarii golle weeyo ɗe konu leydi Najeriya, nde tawnoo hoɗɓe heewɓe e leydi Biafra, ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe Croix-Rouge, misiyoŋaaji janani e jaayndiyankooɓe, ina tuuma konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e haɓaade yimɓe siwil en, nokkuuji ballondiral e nokkuuji luumooji. Gowon yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e dow deeƴre, yantude e haalaaji ɗi konu makko waɗi ko wayi no warngooji, warngooji keewɗi e yimɓe siwil en e loppitgol keewngol e nokkuuji ɗi ɓe keɓi ɗii ; kono gooto e komanndaaji makko e sahaa wolde, hono Benjamin Adekunle ina wayi no rokkii heen seeɗa hoolaare e ɗeen haalaaji e nder deftere mum, tawi ina yaafnoo ɗum en wonde ko geɗe wolde ɗe ngalaa nafoore. "Alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa jaaliiɗo" Gowon e hitaande 1966 Hare ndee joofi ko ñalnde 13 lewru bowte hitaande 1970, nde Kolonel Olusegun Obasanjo jaɓi dokkugol konu Biafran. Janngo mum, Obasanjo hollitii ngonka kaa e rajo gonnooɗo rebel en Rajo Biafra Enugu. Gowon caggal ɗuum waɗi konngol mum lollungol "alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa foolɗo", o rewi heen ko yaafuya wonande ko ɓuri heewde e tawtoranooɓe fitinaaji Biafra, kam e porogaraam "Njoɓdi, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol", ngam feewnude bonneede mawɗe baɗnooɗe e duuɓi dufragi e nder dufragi konno. Won e ɗeen golle meeɗaa yaltude e alluwal diidi. Ko jiidaa e ɗuum, politik laamu Gen. Gowon ngam accude tan ko 20 pounds wonande Biafrannaaɓe jogiiɓe konte banke e nder leydi Nijeer ko adii wolde, tawa ko e dow ballal kaalis gooto, ko ɗum huunde nde liggotooɓe ballal caggal leydi e nokkuuji ɗii fof njiyti ɗum, sibu ɗum addani Bifrannaaɓe waɗde ko heewi e ñamaale, loppitgol e wuyɓe e nder nokku hee caggal wolde nde. Kuulal goɗngal ngal Gowon waɗi e tolno boom petroŋ ko jogaade ko won e yimɓe cikkata ko batte bonɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya e nder duuɓi garooji ɗii, hay so tawii noon batte mum ko yaawi ina famɗi no feewi – dekere makko indigenization e hitaande 1972, nde hollitii geɗe keewɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya ko ɓuri rulimign out- tawtoreede jananɓe e fannuuji keewɗi goɗɗi. Ndee ɗoo yamiroore rokkii nafooje winndereyankooje to Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe jokkondirɓe no feewi kono hollitii wonde ina bonna no feewi e njulaagu ngu wonaa petroŋ e nder faggudu Naajeeriya. Duuɓi ɓaawo konu lesdi Naajeeriya yi’i Naajeeriya heɓi nasaraaku cemmbiɗinki, cemmbiɗinki petroŋ, cemmbiɗinki faggudu nder wakkati man, kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya mawni haa ko meeɗaay heɓuki, bee nanta ɓesdugo ceede ko heɓata nder ceede petroŋ. Kono kadi, ooɗoo sahaa yiytii ɓeydagol jaawngol e njulaagu, ko ɓuri heewde e njulaagu, e nder ardiiɓe laamu fedde ndee ; e hay so tawii hooreejo leydi ndii e hoore mum, hono Seneraal Gowon, meeɗaa yiyeede e golle bonɗe ɗee, omo heewi tuumeede wonde omo ɓuuɓna golle gollotooɓe makko e sehilaaɓe makko. Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1974, e nder luural laaɓtungal e fodoore makko adannde, Gowon hollitii wonde Niiseer heddoraaki laamu siwil haa hitaande 1976, o hollitii kadi wonde ñalngu rokkude laamu nguu maa jokku haa abada. Yanti heen, sabu ɓeydagol birooji, ina woodi tuumeede ɓeydagol njulaagu. Ɓeydagol jawdi e nder leydi ndi addani ɗum en waɗde kaayitaaji naatgol fenaande. Wonno haalaaji tonngoode kaaƴe e ceene naatnaaɗe e nder leydi ndi, e Seneraal Gowon e hoore mum o wiyi e jaayndeyaagal leydi ngoɗndi wonde "caɗeele tan ɗe Naajeeriya jogii ko no o huutortoo kaalis mo o jogii oo." Haala armada simme Ko boni e njuɓɓudi laamu Gowon, haa arti noon e haala "armada cement" lolluka, e nder ndunngu 1975, nde porto Lagos wonti jamma, teemedde laanaaji ina njiɗi jippinde semmbe. Won ɗo, agents laamu Naajeeriya siifondirii e 68 liggotooɓe winndereyankooɓe ceertuɓe ngam yettinde fotde 20 miliyoŋ ton semmbe e nder hitaande wootere haa Lagos, hay so tawii noon porto mum ina waawi jaɓde tan ko miliyoŋ ton kargo e hitaande kala. Ko ɓuri bonde nii, nanondiral semmbe ngal moƴƴaani, ina waɗi kuule demurrage (demurrage clauses) moƴƴe no feewi wonande yeeyooɓe ɓee, ɗum firti ko bidsee oo fuɗɗiima ustaade so tawii laanaaji ɗii njooɗiima e porto ina ɗaminii jippinde (walla hay so tawii ɗi njooɗiima e portooji mum en ina ɗaminii yamiroore yahde Niiseer). Laamu leydi Naajeeriya faamaani no feewi mawnugol majjere mum haa laamorgo leydi Lagos ngo yani haa laaɓi cer, haa ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu ina waawi rewde heen. Oon sahaa noon ko juuti. Eɓɓooje mayre ngam salaade nanondiral semmbeeji ɗii e waɗde kuuge kuuɓtodinɗe e kala laanaaji diwooje naatɗi e leydi ndii, haɓɓi leydi ndii e ñaawoore winndere ndee fotde duuɓi keewɗi, haa arti noon e kuulal Ñaawirde Toownde Amerik e hitaande 1983. Liɓgol Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1975 Ɗeeɗoo bonanndeeji ngaddi mettere mawnde e nder konu nguu. Ñalnde 29 sulyee 1975, nde Gowon tawtortee batu OAU to Kampala, fedde ofiseeji e gardagol kolonel Joe Nanven Garba habri wonde o foolii laamu. Fewnooɓe kuudetaa ɓee toɗɗiima brigadier Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo laamu kesu ngu, e brigadier Olusegun Obasanjo won cukko makko. Ko o soldaat Duuɓi e nder eggol Gowon caggal ɗuum yahi eggude to leydi Angalteer, ɗo o heɓi doktoraa makko. e ganndal politik nde o woni almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick. Hoɗorde makko ɓurnde mawnude to Angalteer woni ko e keerol worgo Londres e Hertfordshire, ɗo o wonti no feewi e nder renndo Engele en e nokku makko. O waɗii dumunna gardiiɗo ekkol e nder ekkol makko, St Mary la Virgin, Monken Hadley. Haa warngo Murtala Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1976 eɓɓoore kuudetaa leydi Nijeer E lewru feebariyee 1976, Murtala Mohammed waraa e kuudetaa mo alaa ko nafi, tawi ko Lietnaa Kolonel Buka Suka Dimka ardii ɗum, tawi ina jeyaa heen Gowon. E wiyde "konngol" Dimka, o hawri e Gowon to Londres, o heɓi ballal e makko ngam kuudetaa oo. Yanti heen, Dimka siftinii ko adii warngo mum wonde faandaare kuudetaa oo ko artirde Gowon hooreejo leydi. Ngam ko ñaawirdu kuudetaa holliti, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu leydi Najeriya ina yiɗi ɗum, o itti ɗum darnde makko tawa o alaa, o taƴaa pension makko. Gowon yaafaama haa ragare, kanko bee hooreejo leydi Biafra gonnooɗo, Emeka Ojukwu, wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre lesdi Shehu Shagari. Darnde seneraal Gowon artiraaka haa hitaande 1987 kono ko seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida. Nguurndam caggal Gowon e hitaande 2007 Caggal nde o heɓi doktoraa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick, Gowon wonti porfeseer ganndal politik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos e nder cakkital kitaale 1980.Gowon sosi fedde mum e hitaande 1992 ina wiyee Yakubu Gowon Centre. Fedde nde'e wi'i ɗon huuwa dow kuuje nder lesdi Naajeeriya bana laamu booɗɗum bana no nyawji nyawuuji ɗon mari haaje heɓugo nyawji SIDA, nyawuuji gine, e malaria. Yanti heen, Gen. Gowon ina jeyaa kadi e porogaraam ngam haɓaade mborosaaji Gine kam e porogaraam VIH e Fonds mondial de Geneve. E lewru noowammbar 2020, depitee Tom Tugendhat, f4w5bncj4hdk8j5909sho3e410zsze4 176515 176514 2026-06-26T07:58:54Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176515 wikitext text/x-wiki Yakubu Dan'juma "Jack" Gowon GCFR (hausa en wi'etee; jibinaa ko 19 Oktoobar 1934) ko seneraal Naajeeriya e dowla, o laati hooreejo konu lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1966 haa 1975. Gowon woni hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya, anndiraama kadi konu Biafra ɗo o hokki wolde mawnde "no victor, no vanquished" haa timminorde konu ngam wallugo sembiɗinki e jokkirli. Gowon hollitii wonde o waɗaani hay huunde bonnde e nder wolde nde, kadi ardorde makko hisnii leydi ndii. Kerecee’en Angalteer. iwde e leñol Ngas tokosol e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, Gowon ko ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, kadi ko goonɗinɗo ngootaagu e ngootaagu Naajeeriya. Ummital maako dow laamu ɓaawo kuugal lesdi 1966, nden o semmbini laamu sooja’en haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeen noon, Gowon woni hooreejo leydi Nijeer ko ɓuri juutde e jokkondire, o laamiima fotde duuɓi jeenay haa o fooli laamu e nder kuudetaa 1975 mo Brigadier Murtala Mohammed waɗi. Nguurndam gadano Gowon ko Ngas (Angas) ummoriiɗo Lur, wuro tokooso e nder nokku laamu Kanke hannde oo e nder diiwaan Plateau. Jibnaaɓe makko, Nde Yohanna e Matwok Kurnyang, njalti Wusasa, Zaria, ngam wonde misiyoŋaaji fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e balɗe gadane nguurndam Gowon. Baaba makko ina manti nde o resi ñalnde 26 abriil 1923, ñalnde heen dewgal laamɗo Albert e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (caggal ɗuum laamɗo George VI e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth yumma laamɗo). Gowon ko joyaɓo e sukaaɓe sappo e gooto. O mawni ko to Zaria, o heɓi toon nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko gila e cukaagu makko. E nder duɗal, Gowon hollitii wonde ko o daɗndoowo keewɗo faayiida : ko kanko woni gooliiɗo fuku koyɗe duɗal ngal, ko kanko woni dognoowo pole, e dognoowo dingiral juutngal. O fooli limngal kilooji duɗal ngal e hitaande makko adannde. Ko kanko kadi wonnoo kapiteen boksi. Fuɗɗoode golle Gowon naati konu leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1954, o heɓi yamiroore makko e wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo ñalnde 19 oktoobar 1955, ñalngu ngu o dañi duuɓi 21. O janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu laamɗo Sandhurst, to Angalteer (1955–56), to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu, to Camberley, to leydi Angalteer (1962) kam e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff, to Latimer, e hitaande 1965. O yi’i golle e nder leydi Konngo e nder fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam, e hitaande 1960 jappeere komandaajo haa hitaande 1966, e oon sahaa o woniino lietnaa kolonel haa jooni. Kuudetaa 1966 Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1966 E lewru Yarkoma hitaande 1966, o wonti hooreejo konu Naajeeriya ɓurɗo famɗude e duuɓi 31, sabu kuudetaa konu mo fedde ofiseeji tokoosi e gardagol Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu addani laamu siwil Naajeeriya foolde. E nder ndee ɗoo kuudetaa, ko ɓuri heewde e ardiiɓe leyɗeele worgo e hirnaange mbaraama, ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer ; Sir Ahmadu Bello, sardauna mo Sokoto e hooreejo diiwaan worgo; e Samuel Akintola, hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange, Lietnaa Kolonel Artur Unegbe e woɗɓe heewɓe. Ndeen Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon artii e kursus mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff College, Latimer UK balɗe ɗiɗi ko adii kuudetaa oo – gargol mum ko juuti, ina gasa tawa ina waawi ittude mo e doggol hitooɓe Staff) ngam jaɓɓaade ɗaɓɓaande Fuɗnaange ngam ñaawde kuudetaa ɓeydii tikkere Fuɗnaange. Ballal mawngal ina woodi wonande pelle kuudetaaji ɗii ummoraade e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo kam e jaayndeeji "Lagos-Ibadan" ɓurɗi heewde bannge nano. Kuudetaa konte lewru juko Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1966 kuudetaa Nijeer Ndeen arii Decree Aguyi Ironsi limre 34, nde holliti ittugol laamu fedde ndee ngam wallitde dowla gooto, darnde nde won e yimɓe Hoɗɓe-haa teeŋti e taƴre mawnde e nder Diiso ngenndiijo Igbo-dominated of Nigeria e Southerns (NCNC) firti ɗum wrong a Northerns[18][18] (haa teeŋti e Igbo) etaade heɓtude denndaangal leƴƴi laamu e nder leydi ndii. Fuɗnaange-rewo ina woɗɗi no feewi diiwanuuji Hirnaange e Fuɗnaange to bannge jaŋde (feccere e mum en ko sabu reentaade doosɗe lislaam e ethos pinal e renndo hirnaange), tawi noon ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange-Igbo en ina tawtoree tawo e nder sarwisaaji laamu fedde ndee. Anniya Murtala Mohammed e wondiiɓe mum waɗooɓe kuudetaa ko ngam ƴellitde seerndude diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e Naajeeriya fof, kono caggal ɗuum ɓe ndartinii peeje maɓɓe e wasiyaaji keewɗi, e nder heen ko heewi e gollotooɓe laamu toowɓe e ñaawooɓe e nder laamuuji Naajeeriya, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko poliseeji Amerik ofiseeji sukaaɓe ndeen pelliti innirde Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon, mo nganndu-ɗaa alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa tawtoreede kewuuji haa ndeen, hooreejo leydi Najeriya. Nde o ummii e laamu Gowon wayli Ironsi mo o woppi doosgal fedde nde. Hooreejo leydi E hitaande 1966, Gowon suɓaa yo won hooreejo leydi. Haa e oon sahaa, Gowon ina heddii e wonde soldaat jom golle mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa politik, haa nde kewuuji muusɗi ɗii mbaɗi e hitaande ndee, ɗoon e ɗoon, o waɗti mo e darnde ardorde, nde tawnoo ko o baawɗo wonde fof, ko o neɗɗo worgo, mo wonaano Hausa walla Fulani, mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa iwdi Islaam mo yimɓe mum ina ɓuuɓtoo e jiiɓru leƴƴi. Gowon ɓamti hoore maako laabi ɗiɗi dow hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Gowon wonnoo ko Lietnaa Kolonel nde o ummii e laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Naajeeriya ñalnde 1 lewru nduu hitaande 1966, kono ofiseeji mawɗi goɗɗi ko wayi no Komodor Joseph Wey, Brigadier Babafemi Ogundipe, e Kolonel Robert Adebayo ko e nder laamu mawngu nguu e militeeruuji maɓɓe. Ngam dartinde darnde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi, Gowon ƴetti hoore mum, o wonti Major-General ko adii nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele fuɗɗotoo e hitaande 1967, o wonti Seneraal timmuɗo e joofnirde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1970. Ardiiɗo wolde nder leydi Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Hare nder leydi Najeriya E nder fawaade e ceergal fuɗnaange, Gowon yahri ko yaawi ngam leefɗinde ballal diiwaan oo, o yamiri sosde dowlaaji kesi sappo e ɗiɗi ngam lomtaade diiwanuuji nay ɗii. Jeegom e ɗeen dowlaaji ina njogii pelle tokoose ɗe ɗaɓɓunoo sosde dowla gila e kitaale 1950. Gowon hiisiima no haanirta nii wonde leƴƴi pamari fuɗnaange ɗii mballataa Igbos en e dow tiiɗnaare, sibu ina mbaawi jogaade dowlaaji mum en so tawii darnde seertude ndee foolaama. Heewɓe e konu fedde nde haɓannoo e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, anndiraande kadi wolde Biafran, ngam artirde diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e fedde nde, ko terɗe pelle tokoose. Hare ndee waɗii lebbi capanɗe tati, nde joofi ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1970. E jaɓde darnde Biafra nde aldaa e sarɗi, Gowon hollitii wonde alaa fof ɗo fooli, alaa ɗo fooli. E nder ngool ruuhu, duuɓi caggal ɗuum bayyinaa ko yonta moƴƴitingol, moƴƴitingol, e nanondiral. Boom coggu petroŋ, puɗɗinooɗo sabu ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ (ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu leydi ndii) e nder luumo winndereejo e hitaande 1973, ɓeydi mbaawka laamu fedde ndee e ƴettude ɗeen golle. Wonno ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e worgo, tawi ko Gowon ardii ɗum. Ñalnde 4–5 lewru Yarkomaa 1967, e dow ɗaɓɓaande hooreejo leydi Biafran, hono Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, ngam hawrude e jeewte tan ko e leydi ndi alaa ko woni e mum, batu ngu Gowon, Ojukwu e terɗe goɗɗe e nder Goomu Toowngu Konu nguu tawtoraama, yuɓɓinaama to Aburi to leydi Gana, faandaare mum hollitaama ko ngam haɓaade leydi Nijeer fedde diiwanuuji. Dañal ngalɗoo batu ko nanondiral Aburi. Nanondiral Aburi ngal yi’aani lewru, sibu laamu ngu Gowon ardii ngu ina joginoo miijo mawngo e ngalu potngu heɓeede, haa teeŋti noon e ngalu petroŋ ngu ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydo sibu ko resooji njiytaa e nokku hee e nder cagataagal kitaale 1960. Wi'aama walaa ko laarani tabitinki, Gowon e Ojukwu fuu ɗon mari anndal dow ko laarani limngal petrolji mawɗi nder nokkuure nde'e, nde hannde mawni haa laati limngal faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. Naatgol hakkunde hirnaange hitaande 1967 E nder doggol ngam ƴeewtaade batte laamu Ojukwu to Fuɗnaange, Gowon anndinii ñalnde 5 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 feccere diiwanuuji tati Naajeeriya ɗii e nder diiwanuuji 12 : Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Kano, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-Cakaari, Diiwanuuji Benue-Plateau, Diiwanuuji Kwaster, Diiwanuuji LadW e Diiwanuuji Hirnaange Diiwaan Fuɗnaange Ojukwu, Dowla Rivers, Dowla Fuɗnaange-rewo, e Dowla Fuɗnaange-Caka. Dowlaaji ɗi ngonaa Igbo en Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange e Maayooji ɗi njoginoo restoraaji petroŋ e jokkondiral e maayo, ndartinaama ngam seerndude nokkuuji Igbo en ɗii no dowri Fuɗnaange-Cakaari nii.Gooto e geɗe luulndiiɗe ɗeeɗoo golle ko Gowon ƴettiti Port Harcourt, wuro mawngo e nder Niger Delta e Ikwejares Fuɗnaange, e nder Ikwejares Sud, e nder leydi Niger Reserves Naajeeriya ɓurduɗe mawnugo, nder lesdi Rivers kesum, ɗon semmbiɗina ɗuuɗal yimɓe Igbo'en wurooɓe ton. Doggol heewɓe e maɓɓe ngarta e gure mum en to "Igbo heartland" to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ɗo ɓe njiyri ɓurde kisal, ina tuumaa ko luural wonande politik Gowon "no victor, no vanquished", nde wonnoo e joofnirde wolde ndee, jawdi ndi ɓe ngoppi ndii, ko ɓiɓɓe leydi Rivers State mbiyata ɗum. Hakkunde darorɗe lewru sulyee 1967, konu fedde nde e konu leydi Nijeer nanngi duunde Bonny e nder diiwaan Niiseer, ɓe keɓi heen doole mum en e nokkuuji Shell-BP baɗɗi faayiida. Golle ɗee puɗɗii kadi e lewru mee 1968, nde Nijeer heɓti Port Harcourt. Koɗki mayri bonniino, ina haani feewnireede. Pewnugol e njeeygu petroŋ ina jokki, kono ko e tolno les. Timmingol e hitaande 1969 terminal keso to Forçados addani peewnugol ngol ɓeydaade gila e 142 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1958 haa 540 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1969. E hitaande 1970, ngolɗoo limoore ɓeydiima laabi ɗiɗi haa 1,08 miliyoŋ barel/ñalngu. Leƴƴi tokoosi e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɗii, ɓuri waawde wonde ko ɗi ngonaa sanguine en e ko fayti e seertude, sibu ɗum firtata ko wuurde e nder ko ɓe cikkata ko leñol ngol Igbo en ɓuri heewde. Woɓɓe ɓe naa Igbo'en jooɗiiɓe nder diiwal Fuunaange, ɓe ɗon ƴama ballal cemmbiɗngal haa hare Biafra, malla boo ɓe mballiri bannge fedde nde ngam ɓe nasta nder konu Naajeeriya, ɓe hokka ɗum anndal dow kuuɗe konu Biafran. Kono won heen mbaɗii geɗe tiiɗɗe e laamu Biafra, tawi N.U. Akpan ina woni Sekereteer laamu nguu, Lietnaa Kolonel (caggal ɗuum Major-Seneraal) Philip Effiong, ina woni hooreejo konu Biafra e woɗɓe hono mawɓe Bassey e Graham-Douglas ina ngondi e golle maantiniiɗe goɗɗe. Ñalnde 30 mee 1967, Ojukwu jaabtii bayyinaango Gowon ngoo, o bayyini seertude Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa hannde ko Republique de Biafra. Ɗumɗoon noon ko ngam fuɗɗoraade hare duumotoonde fotde lebbi 30, e yiyde maayde ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 soldaat fedde ndee e miliyoŋaaji tati hareeji e siwil en Biafran, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe maayi ko e heege e nder njiimaandi leydi Nijeer. Hare nden yi'i yaajingo mawngo nder konu Naajeeriya nder mawnugo e ɓesdaari mawɗum nder softugo konu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo konu lesdi Naajeeriya jibinaama nder wolde nden. Kono, luural mawngal ina taarii golle weeyo ɗe konu leydi Najeriya, nde tawnoo hoɗɓe heewɓe e leydi Biafra, ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe Croix-Rouge, misiyoŋaaji janani e jaayndiyankooɓe, ina tuuma konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e haɓaade yimɓe siwil en, nokkuuji ballondiral e nokkuuji luumooji. Gowon yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e dow deeƴre, yantude e haalaaji ɗi konu makko waɗi ko wayi no warngooji, warngooji keewɗi e yimɓe siwil en e loppitgol keewngol e nokkuuji ɗi ɓe keɓi ɗii ; kono gooto e komanndaaji makko e sahaa wolde, hono Benjamin Adekunle ina wayi no rokkii heen seeɗa hoolaare e ɗeen haalaaji e nder deftere mum, tawi ina yaafnoo ɗum en wonde ko geɗe wolde ɗe ngalaa nafoore. "Alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa jaaliiɗo" Gowon e hitaande 1966 Hare ndee joofi ko ñalnde 13 lewru bowte hitaande 1970, nde Kolonel Olusegun Obasanjo jaɓi dokkugol konu Biafran. Janngo mum, Obasanjo hollitii ngonka kaa e rajo gonnooɗo rebel en Rajo Biafra Enugu. Gowon caggal ɗuum waɗi konngol mum lollungol "alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa foolɗo", o rewi heen ko yaafuya wonande ko ɓuri heewde e tawtoranooɓe fitinaaji Biafra, kam e porogaraam "Njoɓdi, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol", ngam feewnude bonneede mawɗe baɗnooɗe e duuɓi dufragi e nder dufragi konno. Won e ɗeen golle meeɗaa yaltude e alluwal diidi. Ko jiidaa e ɗuum, politik laamu Gen. Gowon ngam accude tan ko 20 pounds wonande Biafrannaaɓe jogiiɓe konte banke e nder leydi Nijeer ko adii wolde, tawa ko e dow ballal kaalis gooto, ko ɗum huunde nde liggotooɓe ballal caggal leydi e nokkuuji ɗii fof njiyti ɗum, sibu ɗum addani Bifrannaaɓe waɗde ko heewi e ñamaale, loppitgol e wuyɓe e nder nokku hee caggal wolde nde. Kuulal goɗngal ngal Gowon waɗi e tolno boom petroŋ ko jogaade ko won e yimɓe cikkata ko batte bonɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya e nder duuɓi garooji ɗii, hay so tawii noon batte mum ko yaawi ina famɗi no feewi – dekere makko indigenization e hitaande 1972, nde hollitii geɗe keewɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya ko ɓuri rulimign out- tawtoreede jananɓe e fannuuji keewɗi goɗɗi. Ndee ɗoo yamiroore rokkii nafooje winndereyankooje to Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe jokkondirɓe no feewi kono hollitii wonde ina bonna no feewi e njulaagu ngu wonaa petroŋ e nder faggudu Naajeeriya. Duuɓi ɓaawo konu lesdi Naajeeriya yi’i Naajeeriya heɓi nasaraaku cemmbiɗinki, cemmbiɗinki petroŋ, cemmbiɗinki faggudu nder wakkati man, kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya mawni haa ko meeɗaay heɓuki, bee nanta ɓesdugo ceede ko heɓata nder ceede petroŋ. Kono kadi, ooɗoo sahaa yiytii ɓeydagol jaawngol e njulaagu, ko ɓuri heewde e njulaagu, e nder ardiiɓe laamu fedde ndee ; e hay so tawii hooreejo leydi ndii e hoore mum, hono Seneraal Gowon, meeɗaa yiyeede e golle bonɗe ɗee, omo heewi tuumeede wonde omo ɓuuɓna golle gollotooɓe makko e sehilaaɓe makko. Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1974, e nder luural laaɓtungal e fodoore makko adannde, Gowon hollitii wonde Niiseer heddoraaki laamu siwil haa hitaande 1976, o hollitii kadi wonde ñalngu rokkude laamu nguu maa jokku haa abada. Yanti heen, sabu ɓeydagol birooji, ina woodi tuumeede ɓeydagol njulaagu. Ɓeydagol jawdi e nder leydi ndi addani ɗum en waɗde kaayitaaji naatgol fenaande. Wonno haalaaji tonngoode kaaƴe e ceene naatnaaɗe e nder leydi ndi, e Seneraal Gowon e hoore mum o wiyi e jaayndeyaagal leydi ngoɗndi wonde "caɗeele tan ɗe Naajeeriya jogii ko no o huutortoo kaalis mo o jogii oo." Haala armada simme Ko boni e njuɓɓudi laamu Gowon, haa arti noon e haala "armada cement" lolluka, e nder ndunngu 1975, nde porto Lagos wonti jamma, teemedde laanaaji ina njiɗi jippinde semmbe. Won ɗo, agents laamu Naajeeriya siifondirii e 68 liggotooɓe winndereyankooɓe ceertuɓe ngam yettinde fotde 20 miliyoŋ ton semmbe e nder hitaande wootere haa Lagos, hay so tawii noon porto mum ina waawi jaɓde tan ko miliyoŋ ton kargo e hitaande kala. Ko ɓuri bonde nii, nanondiral semmbe ngal moƴƴaani, ina waɗi kuule demurrage (demurrage clauses) moƴƴe no feewi wonande yeeyooɓe ɓee, ɗum firti ko bidsee oo fuɗɗiima ustaade so tawii laanaaji ɗii njooɗiima e porto ina ɗaminii jippinde (walla hay so tawii ɗi njooɗiima e portooji mum en ina ɗaminii yamiroore yahde Niiseer). Laamu leydi Naajeeriya faamaani no feewi mawnugol majjere mum haa laamorgo leydi Lagos ngo yani haa laaɓi cer, haa ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu ina waawi rewde heen. Oon sahaa noon ko juuti. Eɓɓooje mayre ngam salaade nanondiral semmbeeji ɗii e waɗde kuuge kuuɓtodinɗe e kala laanaaji diwooje naatɗi e leydi ndii, haɓɓi leydi ndii e ñaawoore winndere ndee fotde duuɓi keewɗi, haa arti noon e kuulal Ñaawirde Toownde Amerik e hitaande 1983. Liɓgol Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1975 Ɗeeɗoo bonanndeeji ngaddi mettere mawnde e nder konu nguu. Ñalnde 29 sulyee 1975, nde Gowon tawtortee batu OAU to Kampala, fedde ofiseeji e gardagol kolonel Joe Nanven Garba habri wonde o foolii laamu. Fewnooɓe kuudetaa ɓee toɗɗiima brigadier Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo laamu kesu ngu, e brigadier Olusegun Obasanjo won cukko makko. Ko o soldaat Duuɓi e nder eggol Gowon caggal ɗuum yahi eggude to leydi Angalteer, ɗo o heɓi doktoraa makko. e ganndal politik nde o woni almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick. Hoɗorde makko ɓurnde mawnude to Angalteer woni ko e keerol worgo Londres e Hertfordshire, ɗo o wonti no feewi e nder renndo Engele en e nokku makko. O waɗii dumunna gardiiɗo ekkol e nder ekkol makko, St Mary la Virgin, Monken Hadley. Haa warngo Murtala Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1976 eɓɓoore kuudetaa leydi Nijeer E lewru feebariyee 1976, Murtala Mohammed waraa e kuudetaa mo alaa ko nafi, tawi ko Lietnaa Kolonel Buka Suka Dimka ardii ɗum, tawi ina jeyaa heen Gowon. E wiyde "konngol" Dimka, o hawri e Gowon to Londres, o heɓi ballal e makko ngam kuudetaa oo. Yanti heen, Dimka siftinii ko adii warngo mum wonde faandaare kuudetaa oo ko artirde Gowon hooreejo leydi. Ngam ko ñaawirdu kuudetaa holliti, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu leydi Najeriya ina yiɗi ɗum, o itti ɗum darnde makko tawa o alaa, o taƴaa pension makko. Gowon yaafaama haa ragare, kanko bee hooreejo leydi Biafra gonnooɗo, Emeka Ojukwu, wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre lesdi Shehu Shagari. Darnde seneraal Gowon artiraaka haa hitaande 1987 kono ko seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida. Nguurndam caggal Gowon e hitaande 2007 Caggal nde o heɓi doktoraa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick, Gowon wonti porfeseer ganndal politik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos e nder cakkital kitaale 1980.Gowon sosi fedde mum e hitaande 1992 ina wiyee Yakubu Gowon Centre. Fedde nde'e wi'i ɗon huuwa dow kuuje nder lesdi Naajeeriya bana laamu booɗɗum bana no nyawji nyawuuji ɗon mari haaje heɓugo nyawji SIDA, nyawuuji gine, e malaria. Yanti heen, Gen. Gowon ina jeyaa kadi e porogaraam ngam haɓaade mborosaaji Gine kam e porogaraam VIH e Fonds mondial de Geneve. E lewru noowammbar 2020, depitee Tom Tugendhat, nde o wolwanno dow laamu Naajeeriya dow cemmbiɗinki seppooji mawɗi ɗi 2020 #EndSARS, o tuumi Gowon ngam lootugo "feccere Banki lesdi Naajeeriya" ɓaawo o fooɗi laamu nder kuudetaa 1975.Haala man, ko arandeere nde o yiɗi hawtugo bee Kushop bee Matthewla, ɗon fooɗa e nder jaaynde ngenndiire mawnde wiyeteende Daily Trust sifotoonde haala ka nanndi e majjere ko wayi no "ina saɗi faamde no tergal parlemaa Angalteer teddinaaɗo fotde salte mum, waawi accude hoore mum udditaa e majjere e niɓɓiɗde tuumeede ko aldaa e daliilu, ko aldaa e hakkille e ko haawnii e tuumeede fenaande feewde e Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, the our na'mer to the for nuunɗal e nder nguurndam renndo." Caggal nde laamu Naajeeriya ɗaɓɓiti yaafuye, ɓaawo man, hukuuma lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon sendi hoore maako bee haala kan, o wi'i, "haala ka depitee on wi'i, ɗon holla miijooji laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo laamu lesdi Biritaniya walaa dabare ngam jogaago kuuɗe e haalaaji terɗe Parlemaa." E lewru feebariyee 2024, Gowon, woni sosɗo Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Hirnaange Afrik (ECOWAS) cakkitiiɗo wuurde, noddii fedde nde nde ittata kuuge pawaaɗe e Mali, Burkina Faso e Niiseer, ɗe laamuuji mum en ardinooɗi konu kollitii yaltude leyɗeele mum en e fedde nde ngam jaabaade kuuge ɗe. Nguurndam neɗɗo Gowon resi Victoria Zakari, infirmiyee jannguɗo e hitaande 1969 e nder kewu ngu Seth Irunsewe Kale yuɓɓini to Egliis Katedraal Almasiihu, Lagos. Ƴeew kadi portal Nijeer bannge Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Laamu konu Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966-79 e 1983-99 Tuugnorgal f1ib4yj12j2g05v2o4f1ncke09gvegn 176516 176515 2026-06-26T08:00:15Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Yakubu Dan'juma "Jack" Gowon GCFR (hausa en wi'etee; jibinaa ko 19 Oktoobar 1934) ko seneraal Naajeeriya e dowla, o laati hooreejo konu lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1966 haa 1975. Gowon woni hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya, anndiraama kadi konu Biafra ɗo o hokki wolde mawnde "no victor, no vanquished" haa timminorde konu ngam wallugo sembiɗinki e jokkirli. Gowon hollitii wonde o waɗaani hay huunde bonnde e nder wolde nde, kadi ardorde makko hisnii leydi ndii. Kerecee’en Angalteer. iwde e leñol Ngas tokosol e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, Gowon ko ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, kadi ko goonɗinɗo ngootaagu e ngootaagu Naajeeriya. Ummital maako dow laamu ɓaawo kuugal lesdi 1966, nden o semmbini laamu sooja’en haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeen noon, Gowon woni hooreejo leydi Nijeer ko ɓuri juutde e jokkondire, o laamiima fotde duuɓi jeenay haa o fooli laamu e nder kuudetaa 1975 mo Brigadier Murtala Mohammed waɗi. Nguurndam gadano Gowon ko Ngas (Angas) ummoriiɗo Lur, wuro tokooso e nder nokku laamu Kanke hannde oo e nder diiwaan Plateau. Jibnaaɓe makko, Nde Yohanna e Matwok Kurnyang, njalti Wusasa, Zaria, ngam wonde misiyoŋaaji fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e balɗe gadane nguurndam Gowon. Baaba makko ina manti nde o resi ñalnde 26 abriil 1923, ñalnde heen dewgal laamɗo Albert e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (caggal ɗuum laamɗo George VI e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth yumma laamɗo). Gowon ko joyaɓo e sukaaɓe sappo e gooto. O mawni ko to Zaria, o heɓi toon nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko gila e cukaagu makko. E nder duɗal, Gowon hollitii wonde ko o daɗndoowo keewɗo faayiida : ko kanko woni gooliiɗo fuku koyɗe duɗal ngal, ko kanko woni dognoowo pole, e dognoowo dingiral juutngal. O fooli limngal kilooji duɗal ngal e hitaande makko adannde. Ko kanko kadi wonnoo kapiteen boksi. Fuɗɗoode golle Gowon naati konu leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1954, o heɓi yamiroore makko e wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo ñalnde 19 oktoobar 1955, ñalngu ngu o dañi duuɓi 21. O janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu laamɗo Sandhurst, to Angalteer (1955–56), to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu, to Camberley, to leydi Angalteer (1962) kam e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff, to Latimer, e hitaande 1965. O yi’i golle e nder leydi Konngo e nder fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam, e hitaande 1960 jappeere komandaajo haa hitaande 1966, e oon sahaa o woniino lietnaa kolonel haa jooni. Kuudetaa 1966 Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1966 E lewru Yarkoma hitaande 1966, o wonti hooreejo konu Naajeeriya ɓurɗo famɗude e duuɓi 31, sabu kuudetaa konu mo fedde ofiseeji tokoosi e gardagol Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu addani laamu siwil Naajeeriya foolde. E nder ndee ɗoo kuudetaa, ko ɓuri heewde e ardiiɓe leyɗeele worgo e hirnaange mbaraama, ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer ; Sir Ahmadu Bello, sardauna mo Sokoto e hooreejo diiwaan worgo; e Samuel Akintola, hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange, Lietnaa Kolonel Artur Unegbe e woɗɓe heewɓe. Ndeen Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon artii e kursus mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff College, Latimer UK balɗe ɗiɗi ko adii kuudetaa oo – gargol mum ko juuti, ina gasa tawa ina waawi ittude mo e doggol hitooɓe Staff) ngam jaɓɓaade ɗaɓɓaande Fuɗnaange ngam ñaawde kuudetaa ɓeydii tikkere Fuɗnaange. Ballal mawngal ina woodi wonande pelle kuudetaaji ɗii ummoraade e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo kam e jaayndeeji "Lagos-Ibadan" ɓurɗi heewde bannge nano. Kuudetaa konte lewru juko Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1966 kuudetaa Nijeer Ndeen arii Decree Aguyi Ironsi limre 34, nde holliti ittugol laamu fedde ndee ngam wallitde dowla gooto, darnde nde won e yimɓe Hoɗɓe-haa teeŋti e taƴre mawnde e nder Diiso ngenndiijo Igbo-dominated of Nigeria e Southerns (NCNC) firti ɗum wrong a Northerns[18][18] (haa teeŋti e Igbo) etaade heɓtude denndaangal leƴƴi laamu e nder leydi ndii. Fuɗnaange-rewo ina woɗɗi no feewi diiwanuuji Hirnaange e Fuɗnaange to bannge jaŋde (feccere e mum en ko sabu reentaade doosɗe lislaam e ethos pinal e renndo hirnaange), tawi noon ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange-Igbo en ina tawtoree tawo e nder sarwisaaji laamu fedde ndee. Anniya Murtala Mohammed e wondiiɓe mum waɗooɓe kuudetaa ko ngam ƴellitde seerndude diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e Naajeeriya fof, kono caggal ɗuum ɓe ndartinii peeje maɓɓe e wasiyaaji keewɗi, e nder heen ko heewi e gollotooɓe laamu toowɓe e ñaawooɓe e nder laamuuji Naajeeriya, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko poliseeji Amerik ofiseeji sukaaɓe ndeen pelliti innirde Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon, mo nganndu-ɗaa alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa tawtoreede kewuuji haa ndeen, hooreejo leydi Najeriya. Nde o ummii e laamu Gowon wayli Ironsi mo o woppi doosgal fedde nde. Hooreejo leydi E hitaande 1966, Gowon suɓaa yo won hooreejo leydi. Haa e oon sahaa, Gowon ina heddii e wonde soldaat jom golle mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa politik, haa nde kewuuji muusɗi ɗii mbaɗi e hitaande ndee, ɗoon e ɗoon, o waɗti mo e darnde ardorde, nde tawnoo ko o baawɗo wonde fof, ko o neɗɗo worgo, mo wonaano Hausa walla Fulani, mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa iwdi Islaam mo yimɓe mum ina ɓuuɓtoo e jiiɓru leƴƴi. Gowon ɓamti hoore maako laabi ɗiɗi dow hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Gowon wonnoo ko Lietnaa Kolonel nde o ummii e laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Naajeeriya ñalnde 1 lewru nduu hitaande 1966, kono ofiseeji mawɗi goɗɗi ko wayi no Komodor Joseph Wey, Brigadier Babafemi Ogundipe, e Kolonel Robert Adebayo ko e nder laamu mawngu nguu e militeeruuji maɓɓe. Ngam dartinde darnde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi, Gowon ƴetti hoore mum, o wonti Major-General ko adii nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele fuɗɗotoo e hitaande 1967, o wonti Seneraal timmuɗo e joofnirde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1970. Ardiiɗo wolde nder leydi Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Hare nder leydi Najeriya E nder fawaade e ceergal fuɗnaange, Gowon yahri ko yaawi ngam leefɗinde ballal diiwaan oo, o yamiri sosde dowlaaji kesi sappo e ɗiɗi ngam lomtaade diiwanuuji nay ɗii. Jeegom e ɗeen dowlaaji ina njogii pelle tokoose ɗe ɗaɓɓunoo sosde dowla gila e kitaale 1950. Gowon hiisiima no haanirta nii wonde leƴƴi pamari fuɗnaange ɗii mballataa Igbos en e dow tiiɗnaare, sibu ina mbaawi jogaade dowlaaji mum en so tawii darnde seertude ndee foolaama. Heewɓe e konu fedde nde haɓannoo e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, anndiraande kadi wolde Biafran, ngam artirde diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e fedde nde, ko terɗe pelle tokoose. Hare ndee waɗii lebbi capanɗe tati, nde joofi ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1970. E jaɓde darnde Biafra nde aldaa e sarɗi, Gowon hollitii wonde alaa fof ɗo fooli, alaa ɗo fooli. E nder ngool ruuhu, duuɓi caggal ɗuum bayyinaa ko yonta moƴƴitingol, moƴƴitingol, e nanondiral. Boom coggu petroŋ, puɗɗinooɗo sabu ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ (ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu leydi ndii) e nder luumo winndereejo e hitaande 1973, ɓeydi mbaawka laamu fedde ndee e ƴettude ɗeen golle. Wonno ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e worgo, tawi ko Gowon ardii ɗum. Ñalnde 4–5 lewru Yarkomaa 1967, e dow ɗaɓɓaande hooreejo leydi Biafran, hono Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, ngam hawrude e jeewte tan ko e leydi ndi alaa ko woni e mum, batu ngu Gowon, Ojukwu e terɗe goɗɗe e nder Goomu Toowngu Konu nguu tawtoraama, yuɓɓinaama to Aburi to leydi Gana, faandaare mum hollitaama ko ngam haɓaade leydi Nijeer fedde diiwanuuji. Dañal ngalɗoo batu ko nanondiral Aburi. Nanondiral Aburi ngal yi’aani lewru, sibu laamu ngu Gowon ardii ngu ina joginoo miijo mawngo e ngalu potngu heɓeede, haa teeŋti noon e ngalu petroŋ ngu ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydo sibu ko resooji njiytaa e nokku hee e nder cagataagal kitaale 1960. Wi'aama walaa ko laarani tabitinki, Gowon e Ojukwu fuu ɗon mari anndal dow ko laarani limngal petrolji mawɗi nder nokkuure nde'e, nde hannde mawni haa laati limngal faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. Naatgol hakkunde hirnaange hitaande 1967 E nder doggol ngam ƴeewtaade batte laamu Ojukwu to Fuɗnaange, Gowon anndinii ñalnde 5 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 feccere diiwanuuji tati Naajeeriya ɗii e nder diiwanuuji 12 : Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Kano, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-Cakaari, Diiwanuuji Benue-Plateau, Diiwanuuji Kwaster, Diiwanuuji LadW e Diiwanuuji Hirnaange Diiwaan Fuɗnaange Ojukwu, Dowla Rivers, Dowla Fuɗnaange-rewo, e Dowla Fuɗnaange-Caka. Dowlaaji ɗi ngonaa Igbo en Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange e Maayooji ɗi njoginoo restoraaji petroŋ e jokkondiral e maayo, ndartinaama ngam seerndude nokkuuji Igbo en ɗii no dowri Fuɗnaange-Cakaari nii.Gooto e geɗe luulndiiɗe ɗeeɗoo golle ko Gowon ƴettiti Port Harcourt, wuro mawngo e nder Niger Delta e Ikwejares Fuɗnaange, e nder Ikwejares Sud, e nder leydi Niger Reserves Naajeeriya ɓurduɗe mawnugo, nder lesdi Rivers kesum, ɗon semmbiɗina ɗuuɗal yimɓe Igbo'en wurooɓe ton. Doggol heewɓe e maɓɓe ngarta e gure mum en to "Igbo heartland" to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ɗo ɓe njiyri ɓurde kisal, ina tuumaa ko luural wonande politik Gowon "no victor, no vanquished", nde wonnoo e joofnirde wolde ndee, jawdi ndi ɓe ngoppi ndii, ko ɓiɓɓe leydi Rivers State mbiyata ɗum. Hakkunde darorɗe lewru sulyee 1967, konu fedde nde e konu leydi Nijeer nanngi duunde Bonny e nder diiwaan Niiseer, ɓe keɓi heen doole mum en e nokkuuji Shell-BP baɗɗi faayiida. Golle ɗee puɗɗii kadi e lewru mee 1968, nde Nijeer heɓti Port Harcourt. Koɗki mayri bonniino, ina haani feewnireede. Pewnugol e njeeygu petroŋ ina jokki, kono ko e tolno les. Timmingol e hitaande 1969 terminal keso to Forçados addani peewnugol ngol ɓeydaade gila e 142 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1958 haa 540 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1969. E hitaande 1970, ngolɗoo limoore ɓeydiima laabi ɗiɗi haa 1,08 miliyoŋ barel/ñalngu. Leƴƴi tokoosi e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɗii, ɓuri waawde wonde ko ɗi ngonaa sanguine en e ko fayti e seertude, sibu ɗum firtata ko wuurde e nder ko ɓe cikkata ko leñol ngol Igbo en ɓuri heewde. Woɓɓe ɓe naa Igbo'en jooɗiiɓe nder diiwal Fuunaange, ɓe ɗon ƴama ballal cemmbiɗngal haa hare Biafra, malla boo ɓe mballiri bannge fedde nde ngam ɓe nasta nder konu Naajeeriya, ɓe hokka ɗum anndal dow kuuɗe konu Biafran. Kono won heen mbaɗii geɗe tiiɗɗe e laamu Biafra, tawi N.U. Akpan ina woni Sekereteer laamu nguu, Lietnaa Kolonel (caggal ɗuum Major-Seneraal) Philip Effiong, ina woni hooreejo konu Biafra e woɗɓe hono mawɓe Bassey e Graham-Douglas ina ngondi e golle maantiniiɗe goɗɗe. Ñalnde 30 mee 1967, Ojukwu jaabtii bayyinaango Gowon ngoo, o bayyini seertude Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa hannde ko Republique de Biafra. Ɗumɗoon noon ko ngam fuɗɗoraade hare duumotoonde fotde lebbi 30, e yiyde maayde ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 soldaat fedde ndee e miliyoŋaaji tati hareeji e siwil en Biafran, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe maayi ko e heege e nder njiimaandi leydi Nijeer. Hare nden yi'i yaajingo mawngo nder konu Naajeeriya nder mawnugo e ɓesdaari mawɗum nder softugo konu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo konu lesdi Naajeeriya jibinaama nder wolde nden. Kono, luural mawngal ina taarii golle weeyo ɗe konu leydi Najeriya, nde tawnoo hoɗɓe heewɓe e leydi Biafra, ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe Croix-Rouge, misiyoŋaaji janani e jaayndiyankooɓe, ina tuuma konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e haɓaade yimɓe siwil en, nokkuuji ballondiral e nokkuuji luumooji. Gowon yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e dow deeƴre, yantude e haalaaji ɗi konu makko waɗi ko wayi no warngooji, warngooji keewɗi e yimɓe siwil en e loppitgol keewngol e nokkuuji ɗi ɓe keɓi ɗii ; kono gooto e komanndaaji makko e sahaa wolde, hono Benjamin Adekunle ina wayi no rokkii heen seeɗa hoolaare e ɗeen haalaaji e nder deftere mum, tawi ina yaafnoo ɗum en wonde ko geɗe wolde ɗe ngalaa nafoore. "Alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa jaaliiɗo" Gowon e hitaande 1966 Hare ndee joofi ko ñalnde 13 lewru bowte hitaande 1970, nde Kolonel Olusegun Obasanjo jaɓi dokkugol konu Biafran. Janngo mum, Obasanjo hollitii ngonka kaa e rajo gonnooɗo rebel en Rajo Biafra Enugu. Gowon caggal ɗuum waɗi konngol mum lollungol "alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa foolɗo", o rewi heen ko yaafuya wonande ko ɓuri heewde e tawtoranooɓe fitinaaji Biafra, kam e porogaraam "Njoɓdi, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol", ngam feewnude bonneede mawɗe baɗnooɗe e duuɓi dufragi e nder dufragi konno. Won e ɗeen golle meeɗaa yaltude e alluwal diidi. Ko jiidaa e ɗuum, politik laamu Gen. Gowon ngam accude tan ko 20 pounds wonande Biafrannaaɓe jogiiɓe konte banke e nder leydi Nijeer ko adii wolde, tawa ko e dow ballal kaalis gooto, ko ɗum huunde nde liggotooɓe ballal caggal leydi e nokkuuji ɗii fof njiyti ɗum, sibu ɗum addani Bifrannaaɓe waɗde ko heewi e ñamaale, loppitgol e wuyɓe e nder nokku hee caggal wolde nde. Kuulal goɗngal ngal Gowon waɗi e tolno boom petroŋ ko jogaade ko won e yimɓe cikkata ko batte bonɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya e nder duuɓi garooji ɗii, hay so tawii noon batte mum ko yaawi ina famɗi no feewi – dekere makko indigenization e hitaande 1972, nde hollitii geɗe keewɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya ko ɓuri rulimign out- tawtoreede jananɓe e fannuuji keewɗi goɗɗi. Ndee ɗoo yamiroore rokkii nafooje winndereyankooje to Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe jokkondirɓe no feewi kono hollitii wonde ina bonna no feewi e njulaagu ngu wonaa petroŋ e nder faggudu Naajeeriya. Duuɓi ɓaawo konu lesdi Naajeeriya yi’i Naajeeriya heɓi nasaraaku cemmbiɗinki, cemmbiɗinki petroŋ, cemmbiɗinki faggudu nder wakkati man, kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya mawni haa ko meeɗaay heɓuki, bee nanta ɓesdugo ceede ko heɓata nder ceede petroŋ. Kono kadi, ooɗoo sahaa yiytii ɓeydagol jaawngol e njulaagu, ko ɓuri heewde e njulaagu, e nder ardiiɓe laamu fedde ndee ; e hay so tawii hooreejo leydi ndii e hoore mum, hono Seneraal Gowon, meeɗaa yiyeede e golle bonɗe ɗee, omo heewi tuumeede wonde omo ɓuuɓna golle gollotooɓe makko e sehilaaɓe makko. Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1974, e nder luural laaɓtungal e fodoore makko adannde, Gowon hollitii wonde Niiseer heddoraaki laamu siwil haa hitaande 1976, o hollitii kadi wonde ñalngu rokkude laamu nguu maa jokku haa abada. Yanti heen, sabu ɓeydagol birooji, ina woodi tuumeede ɓeydagol njulaagu. Ɓeydagol jawdi e nder leydi ndi addani ɗum en waɗde kaayitaaji naatgol fenaande. Wonno haalaaji tonngoode kaaƴe e ceene naatnaaɗe e nder leydi ndi, e Seneraal Gowon e hoore mum o wiyi e jaayndeyaagal leydi ngoɗndi wonde "caɗeele tan ɗe Naajeeriya jogii ko no o huutortoo kaalis mo o jogii oo." Haala armada simme Ko boni e njuɓɓudi laamu Gowon, haa arti noon e haala "armada cement" lolluka, e nder ndunngu 1975, nde porto Lagos wonti jamma, teemedde laanaaji ina njiɗi jippinde semmbe. Won ɗo, agents laamu Naajeeriya siifondirii e 68 liggotooɓe winndereyankooɓe ceertuɓe ngam yettinde fotde 20 miliyoŋ ton semmbe e nder hitaande wootere haa Lagos, hay so tawii noon porto mum ina waawi jaɓde tan ko miliyoŋ ton kargo e hitaande kala. Ko ɓuri bonde nii, nanondiral semmbe ngal moƴƴaani, ina waɗi kuule demurrage (demurrage clauses) moƴƴe no feewi wonande yeeyooɓe ɓee, ɗum firti ko bidsee oo fuɗɗiima ustaade so tawii laanaaji ɗii njooɗiima e porto ina ɗaminii jippinde (walla hay so tawii ɗi njooɗiima e portooji mum en ina ɗaminii yamiroore yahde Niiseer). Laamu leydi Naajeeriya faamaani no feewi mawnugol majjere mum haa laamorgo leydi Lagos ngo yani haa laaɓi cer, haa ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu ina waawi rewde heen. Oon sahaa noon ko juuti. Eɓɓooje mayre ngam salaade nanondiral semmbeeji ɗii e waɗde kuuge kuuɓtodinɗe e kala laanaaji diwooje naatɗi e leydi ndii, haɓɓi leydi ndii e ñaawoore winndere ndee fotde duuɓi keewɗi, haa arti noon e kuulal Ñaawirde Toownde Amerik e hitaande 1983. Liɓgol Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1975 Ɗeeɗoo bonanndeeji ngaddi mettere mawnde e nder konu nguu. Ñalnde 29 sulyee 1975, nde Gowon tawtortee batu OAU to Kampala, fedde ofiseeji e gardagol kolonel Joe Nanven Garba habri wonde o foolii laamu. Fewnooɓe kuudetaa ɓee toɗɗiima brigadier Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo laamu kesu ngu, e brigadier Olusegun Obasanjo won cukko makko. Ko o soldaat Duuɓi e nder eggol Gowon caggal ɗuum yahi eggude to leydi Angalteer, ɗo o heɓi doktoraa makko. e ganndal politik nde o woni almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick. Hoɗorde makko ɓurnde mawnude to Angalteer woni ko e keerol worgo Londres e Hertfordshire, ɗo o wonti no feewi e nder renndo Engele en e nokku makko. O waɗii dumunna gardiiɗo ekkol e nder ekkol makko, St Mary la Virgin, Monken Hadley. Haa warngo Murtala Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1976 eɓɓoore kuudetaa leydi Nijeer E lewru feebariyee 1976, Murtala Mohammed waraa e kuudetaa mo alaa ko nafi, tawi ko Lietnaa Kolonel Buka Suka Dimka ardii ɗum, tawi ina jeyaa heen Gowon. E wiyde "konngol" Dimka, o hawri e Gowon to Londres, o heɓi ballal e makko ngam kuudetaa oo. Yanti heen, Dimka siftinii ko adii warngo mum wonde faandaare kuudetaa oo ko artirde Gowon hooreejo leydi. Ngam ko ñaawirdu kuudetaa holliti, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu leydi Najeriya ina yiɗi ɗum, o itti ɗum darnde makko tawa o alaa, o taƴaa pension makko. Gowon yaafaama haa ragare, kanko bee hooreejo leydi Biafra gonnooɗo, Emeka Ojukwu, wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre lesdi Shehu Shagari. Darnde seneraal Gowon artiraaka haa hitaande 1987 kono ko seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida. Nguurndam caggal Gowon e hitaande 2007 Caggal nde o heɓi doktoraa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick, Gowon wonti porfeseer ganndal politik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos e nder cakkital kitaale 1980.Gowon sosi fedde mum e hitaande 1992 ina wiyee Yakubu Gowon Centre. Fedde nde'e wi'i ɗon huuwa dow kuuje nder lesdi Naajeeriya bana laamu booɗɗum bana no nyawji nyawuuji ɗon mari haaje heɓugo nyawji SIDA, nyawuuji gine, e malaria. Yanti heen, Gen. Gowon ina jeyaa kadi e porogaraam ngam haɓaade mborosaaji Gine kam e porogaraam VIH e Fonds mondial de Geneve. E lewru noowammbar 2020, depitee Tom Tugendhat, nde o wolwanno dow laamu Naajeeriya dow cemmbiɗinki seppooji mawɗi ɗi 2020 #EndSARS, o tuumi Gowon ngam lootugo "feccere Banki lesdi Naajeeriya" ɓaawo o fooɗi laamu nder kuudetaa 1975.Haala man, ko arandeere nde o yiɗi hawtugo bee Kushop bee Matthewla, ɗon fooɗa e nder jaaynde ngenndiire mawnde wiyeteende Daily Trust sifotoonde haala ka nanndi e majjere ko wayi no "ina saɗi faamde no tergal parlemaa Angalteer teddinaaɗo fotde salte mum, waawi accude hoore mum udditaa e majjere e niɓɓiɗde tuumeede ko aldaa e daliilu, ko aldaa e hakkille e ko haawnii e tuumeede fenaande feewde e Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, the our na'mer to the for nuunɗal e nder nguurndam renndo." Caggal nde laamu Naajeeriya ɗaɓɓiti yaafuye, ɓaawo man, hukuuma lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon sendi hoore maako bee haala kan, o wi'i, "haala ka depitee on wi'i, ɗon holla miijooji laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo laamu lesdi Biritaniya walaa dabare ngam jogaago kuuɗe e haalaaji terɗe Parlemaa." E lewru feebariyee 2024, Gowon, woni sosɗo Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Hirnaange Afrik (ECOWAS) cakkitiiɗo wuurde, noddii fedde nde nde ittata kuuge pawaaɗe e Mali, Burkina Faso e Niiseer, ɗe laamuuji mum en ardinooɗi konu kollitii yaltude leyɗeele mum en e fedde nde ngam jaabaade kuuge ɗe. Nguurndam neɗɗo Gowon resi Victoria Zakari, infirmiyee jannguɗo e hitaande 1969 e nder kewu ngu Seth Irunsewe Kale yuɓɓini to Egliis Katedraal Almasiihu, Lagos. Ƴeew kadi portal Nijeer bannge Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Laamu konu Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966-79 e 1983-99 Tuugnorgal rpb4pcejsgkoaepelwkks2su8rvtq5r 176517 176516 2026-06-26T08:01:17Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yakubu Dan'juma "Jack" Gowon GCFR''' (hausa en wi'etee; jibinaa ko 19 Oktoobar 1934) ko seneraal Naajeeriya e dowla, o laati hooreejo konu lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1966 haa 1975. Gowon woni hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya, anndiraama kadi konu Biafra ɗo o hokki wolde mawnde "no victor, no vanquished" haa timminorde konu ngam wallugo sembiɗinki e jokkirli. Gowon hollitii wonde o waɗaani hay huunde bonnde e nder wolde nde, kadi ardorde makko hisnii leydi ndii. Kerecee’en Angalteer. iwde e leñol Ngas tokosol e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, Gowon ko ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, kadi ko goonɗinɗo ngootaagu e ngootaagu Naajeeriya. Ummital maako dow laamu ɓaawo kuugal lesdi 1966, nden o semmbini laamu sooja’en haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeen noon, Gowon woni hooreejo leydi Nijeer ko ɓuri juutde e jokkondire, o laamiima fotde duuɓi jeenay haa o fooli laamu e nder kuudetaa 1975 mo Brigadier Murtala Mohammed waɗi. == Nguurndam gadano == Gowon ko Ngas (Angas) ummoriiɗo Lur, wuro tokooso e nder nokku laamu Kanke hannde oo e nder diiwaan Plateau. Jibnaaɓe makko, Nde Yohanna e Matwok Kurnyang, njalti Wusasa, Zaria, ngam wonde misiyoŋaaji fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e balɗe gadane nguurndam Gowon. Baaba makko ina manti nde o resi ñalnde 26 abriil 1923, ñalnde heen dewgal laamɗo Albert e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (caggal ɗuum laamɗo George VI e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth yumma laamɗo). Gowon ko joyaɓo e sukaaɓe sappo e gooto. O mawni ko to Zaria, o heɓi toon nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko gila e cukaagu makko. E nder duɗal, Gowon hollitii wonde ko o daɗndoowo keewɗo faayiida : ko kanko woni gooliiɗo fuku koyɗe duɗal ngal, ko kanko woni dognoowo pole, e dognoowo dingiral juutngal. O fooli limngal kilooji duɗal ngal e hitaande makko adannde. Ko kanko kadi wonnoo kapiteen boksi. == Fuɗɗoode golle == Gowon naati konu leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1954, o heɓi yamiroore makko e wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo ñalnde 19 oktoobar 1955, ñalngu ngu o dañi duuɓi 21. O janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu laamɗo Sandhurst, to Angalteer (1955–56), to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu, to Camberley, to leydi Angalteer (1962) kam e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff, to Latimer, e hitaande 1965. O yi’i golle e nder leydi Konngo e nder fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam, e hitaande 1960 jappeere komandaajo haa hitaande 1966, e oon sahaa o woniino lietnaa kolonel haa jooni. Kuudetaa 1966 Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1966 E lewru Yarkoma hitaande 1966, o wonti hooreejo konu Naajeeriya ɓurɗo famɗude e duuɓi 31, sabu kuudetaa konu mo fedde ofiseeji tokoosi e gardagol Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu addani laamu siwil Naajeeriya foolde. E nder ndee ɗoo kuudetaa, ko ɓuri heewde e ardiiɓe leyɗeele worgo e hirnaange mbaraama, ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer ; Sir Ahmadu Bello, sardauna mo Sokoto e hooreejo diiwaan worgo; e Samuel Akintola, hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange, Lietnaa Kolonel Artur Unegbe e woɗɓe heewɓe. Ndeen Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon artii e kursus mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff College, Latimer UK balɗe ɗiɗi ko adii kuudetaa oo – gargol mum ko juuti, ina gasa tawa ina waawi ittude mo e doggol hitooɓe Staff) ngam jaɓɓaade ɗaɓɓaande Fuɗnaange ngam ñaawde kuudetaa ɓeydii tikkere Fuɗnaange. Ballal mawngal ina woodi wonande pelle kuudetaaji ɗii ummoraade e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo kam e jaayndeeji "Lagos-Ibadan" ɓurɗi heewde bannge nano. Kuudetaa konte lewru juko Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1966 kuudetaa Nijeer Ndeen arii Decree Aguyi Ironsi limre 34, nde holliti ittugol laamu fedde ndee ngam wallitde dowla gooto, darnde nde won e yimɓe Hoɗɓe-haa teeŋti e taƴre mawnde e nder Diiso ngenndiijo Igbo-dominated of Nigeria e Southerns (NCNC) firti ɗum wrong a Northerns[18][18] (haa teeŋti e Igbo) etaade heɓtude denndaangal leƴƴi laamu e nder leydi ndii. Fuɗnaange-rewo ina woɗɗi no feewi diiwanuuji Hirnaange e Fuɗnaange to bannge jaŋde (feccere e mum en ko sabu reentaade doosɗe lislaam e ethos pinal e renndo hirnaange), tawi noon ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange-Igbo en ina tawtoree tawo e nder sarwisaaji laamu fedde ndee. Anniya Murtala Mohammed e wondiiɓe mum waɗooɓe kuudetaa ko ngam ƴellitde seerndude diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e Naajeeriya fof, kono caggal ɗuum ɓe ndartinii peeje maɓɓe e wasiyaaji keewɗi, e nder heen ko heewi e gollotooɓe laamu toowɓe e ñaawooɓe e nder laamuuji Naajeeriya, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko poliseeji Amerik ofiseeji sukaaɓe ndeen pelliti innirde Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon, mo nganndu-ɗaa alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa tawtoreede kewuuji haa ndeen, hooreejo leydi Najeriya. Nde o ummii e laamu Gowon wayli Ironsi mo o woppi doosgal fedde nde. Hooreejo leydi E hitaande 1966, Gowon suɓaa yo won hooreejo leydi. Haa e oon sahaa, Gowon ina heddii e wonde soldaat jom golle mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa politik, haa nde kewuuji muusɗi ɗii mbaɗi e hitaande ndee, ɗoon e ɗoon, o waɗti mo e darnde ardorde, nde tawnoo ko o baawɗo wonde fof, ko o neɗɗo worgo, mo wonaano Hausa walla Fulani, mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa iwdi Islaam mo yimɓe mum ina ɓuuɓtoo e jiiɓru leƴƴi. Gowon ɓamti hoore maako laabi ɗiɗi dow hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Gowon wonnoo ko Lietnaa Kolonel nde o ummii e laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Naajeeriya ñalnde 1 lewru nduu hitaande 1966, kono ofiseeji mawɗi goɗɗi ko wayi no Komodor Joseph Wey, Brigadier Babafemi Ogundipe, e Kolonel Robert Adebayo ko e nder laamu mawngu nguu e militeeruuji maɓɓe. Ngam dartinde darnde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi, Gowon ƴetti hoore mum, o wonti Major-General ko adii nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele fuɗɗotoo e hitaande 1967, o wonti Seneraal timmuɗo e joofnirde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1970. Ardiiɗo wolde nder leydi Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Hare nder leydi Najeriya E nder fawaade e ceergal fuɗnaange, Gowon yahri ko yaawi ngam leefɗinde ballal diiwaan oo, o yamiri sosde dowlaaji kesi sappo e ɗiɗi ngam lomtaade diiwanuuji nay ɗii. Jeegom e ɗeen dowlaaji ina njogii pelle tokoose ɗe ɗaɓɓunoo sosde dowla gila e kitaale 1950. Gowon hiisiima no haanirta nii wonde leƴƴi pamari fuɗnaange ɗii mballataa Igbos en e dow tiiɗnaare, sibu ina mbaawi jogaade dowlaaji mum en so tawii darnde seertude ndee foolaama. Heewɓe e konu fedde nde haɓannoo e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, anndiraande kadi wolde Biafran, ngam artirde diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e fedde nde, ko terɗe pelle tokoose. Hare ndee waɗii lebbi capanɗe tati, nde joofi ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1970. E jaɓde darnde Biafra nde aldaa e sarɗi, Gowon hollitii wonde alaa fof ɗo fooli, alaa ɗo fooli. E nder ngool ruuhu, duuɓi caggal ɗuum bayyinaa ko yonta moƴƴitingol, moƴƴitingol, e nanondiral. Boom coggu petroŋ, puɗɗinooɗo sabu ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ (ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu leydi ndii) e nder luumo winndereejo e hitaande 1973, ɓeydi mbaawka laamu fedde ndee e ƴettude ɗeen golle. Wonno ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e worgo, tawi ko Gowon ardii ɗum. Ñalnde 4–5 lewru Yarkomaa 1967, e dow ɗaɓɓaande hooreejo leydi Biafran, hono Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, ngam hawrude e jeewte tan ko e leydi ndi alaa ko woni e mum, batu ngu Gowon, Ojukwu e terɗe goɗɗe e nder Goomu Toowngu Konu nguu tawtoraama, yuɓɓinaama to Aburi to leydi Gana, faandaare mum hollitaama ko ngam haɓaade leydi Nijeer fedde diiwanuuji. Dañal ngalɗoo batu ko nanondiral Aburi. Nanondiral Aburi ngal yi’aani lewru, sibu laamu ngu Gowon ardii ngu ina joginoo miijo mawngo e ngalu potngu heɓeede, haa teeŋti noon e ngalu petroŋ ngu ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydo sibu ko resooji njiytaa e nokku hee e nder cagataagal kitaale 1960. Wi'aama walaa ko laarani tabitinki, Gowon e Ojukwu fuu ɗon mari anndal dow ko laarani limngal petrolji mawɗi nder nokkuure nde'e, nde hannde mawni haa laati limngal faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. Naatgol hakkunde hirnaange hitaande 1967 E nder doggol ngam ƴeewtaade batte laamu Ojukwu to Fuɗnaange, Gowon anndinii ñalnde 5 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 feccere diiwanuuji tati Naajeeriya ɗii e nder diiwanuuji 12 : Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Kano, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-Cakaari, Diiwanuuji Benue-Plateau, Diiwanuuji Kwaster, Diiwanuuji LadW e Diiwanuuji Hirnaange Diiwaan Fuɗnaange Ojukwu, Dowla Rivers, Dowla Fuɗnaange-rewo, e Dowla Fuɗnaange-Caka. Dowlaaji ɗi ngonaa Igbo en Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange e Maayooji ɗi njoginoo restoraaji petroŋ e jokkondiral e maayo, ndartinaama ngam seerndude nokkuuji Igbo en ɗii no dowri Fuɗnaange-Cakaari nii.Gooto e geɗe luulndiiɗe ɗeeɗoo golle ko Gowon ƴettiti Port Harcourt, wuro mawngo e nder Niger Delta e Ikwejares Fuɗnaange, e nder Ikwejares Sud, e nder leydi Niger Reserves Naajeeriya ɓurduɗe mawnugo, nder lesdi Rivers kesum, ɗon semmbiɗina ɗuuɗal yimɓe Igbo'en wurooɓe ton. Doggol heewɓe e maɓɓe ngarta e gure mum en to "Igbo heartland" to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ɗo ɓe njiyri ɓurde kisal, ina tuumaa ko luural wonande politik Gowon "no victor, no vanquished", nde wonnoo e joofnirde wolde ndee, jawdi ndi ɓe ngoppi ndii, ko ɓiɓɓe leydi Rivers State mbiyata ɗum. Hakkunde darorɗe lewru sulyee 1967, konu fedde nde e konu leydi Nijeer nanngi duunde Bonny e nder diiwaan Niiseer, ɓe keɓi heen doole mum en e nokkuuji Shell-BP baɗɗi faayiida. Golle ɗee puɗɗii kadi e lewru mee 1968, nde Nijeer heɓti Port Harcourt. Koɗki mayri bonniino, ina haani feewnireede. Pewnugol e njeeygu petroŋ ina jokki, kono ko e tolno les. Timmingol e hitaande 1969 terminal keso to Forçados addani peewnugol ngol ɓeydaade gila e 142 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1958 haa 540 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1969. E hitaande 1970, ngolɗoo limoore ɓeydiima laabi ɗiɗi haa 1,08 miliyoŋ barel/ñalngu. Leƴƴi tokoosi e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɗii, ɓuri waawde wonde ko ɗi ngonaa sanguine en e ko fayti e seertude, sibu ɗum firtata ko wuurde e nder ko ɓe cikkata ko leñol ngol Igbo en ɓuri heewde. Woɓɓe ɓe naa Igbo'en jooɗiiɓe nder diiwal Fuunaange, ɓe ɗon ƴama ballal cemmbiɗngal haa hare Biafra, malla boo ɓe mballiri bannge fedde nde ngam ɓe nasta nder konu Naajeeriya, ɓe hokka ɗum anndal dow kuuɗe konu Biafran. Kono won heen mbaɗii geɗe tiiɗɗe e laamu Biafra, tawi N.U. Akpan ina woni Sekereteer laamu nguu, Lietnaa Kolonel (caggal ɗuum Major-Seneraal) Philip Effiong, ina woni hooreejo konu Biafra e woɗɓe hono mawɓe Bassey e Graham-Douglas ina ngondi e golle maantiniiɗe goɗɗe. Ñalnde 30 mee 1967, Ojukwu jaabtii bayyinaango Gowon ngoo, o bayyini seertude Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa hannde ko Republique de Biafra. Ɗumɗoon noon ko ngam fuɗɗoraade hare duumotoonde fotde lebbi 30, e yiyde maayde ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 soldaat fedde ndee e miliyoŋaaji tati hareeji e siwil en Biafran, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe maayi ko e heege e nder njiimaandi leydi Nijeer. Hare nden yi'i yaajingo mawngo nder konu Naajeeriya nder mawnugo e ɓesdaari mawɗum nder softugo konu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo konu lesdi Naajeeriya jibinaama nder wolde nden. Kono, luural mawngal ina taarii golle weeyo ɗe konu leydi Najeriya, nde tawnoo hoɗɓe heewɓe e leydi Biafra, ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe Croix-Rouge, misiyoŋaaji janani e jaayndiyankooɓe, ina tuuma konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e haɓaade yimɓe siwil en, nokkuuji ballondiral e nokkuuji luumooji. Gowon yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e dow deeƴre, yantude e haalaaji ɗi konu makko waɗi ko wayi no warngooji, warngooji keewɗi e yimɓe siwil en e loppitgol keewngol e nokkuuji ɗi ɓe keɓi ɗii ; kono gooto e komanndaaji makko e sahaa wolde, hono Benjamin Adekunle ina wayi no rokkii heen seeɗa hoolaare e ɗeen haalaaji e nder deftere mum, tawi ina yaafnoo ɗum en wonde ko geɗe wolde ɗe ngalaa nafoore. "Alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa jaaliiɗo" Gowon e hitaande 1966 Hare ndee joofi ko ñalnde 13 lewru bowte hitaande 1970, nde Kolonel Olusegun Obasanjo jaɓi dokkugol konu Biafran. Janngo mum, Obasanjo hollitii ngonka kaa e rajo gonnooɗo rebel en Rajo Biafra Enugu. Gowon caggal ɗuum waɗi konngol mum lollungol "alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa foolɗo", o rewi heen ko yaafuya wonande ko ɓuri heewde e tawtoranooɓe fitinaaji Biafra, kam e porogaraam "Njoɓdi, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol", ngam feewnude bonneede mawɗe baɗnooɗe e duuɓi dufragi e nder dufragi konno. Won e ɗeen golle meeɗaa yaltude e alluwal diidi. Ko jiidaa e ɗuum, politik laamu Gen. Gowon ngam accude tan ko 20 pounds wonande Biafrannaaɓe jogiiɓe konte banke e nder leydi Nijeer ko adii wolde, tawa ko e dow ballal kaalis gooto, ko ɗum huunde nde liggotooɓe ballal caggal leydi e nokkuuji ɗii fof njiyti ɗum, sibu ɗum addani Bifrannaaɓe waɗde ko heewi e ñamaale, loppitgol e wuyɓe e nder nokku hee caggal wolde nde. Kuulal goɗngal ngal Gowon waɗi e tolno boom petroŋ ko jogaade ko won e yimɓe cikkata ko batte bonɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya e nder duuɓi garooji ɗii, hay so tawii noon batte mum ko yaawi ina famɗi no feewi – dekere makko indigenization e hitaande 1972, nde hollitii geɗe keewɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya ko ɓuri rulimign out- tawtoreede jananɓe e fannuuji keewɗi goɗɗi. Ndee ɗoo yamiroore rokkii nafooje winndereyankooje to Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe jokkondirɓe no feewi kono hollitii wonde ina bonna no feewi e njulaagu ngu wonaa petroŋ e nder faggudu Naajeeriya. Duuɓi ɓaawo konu lesdi Naajeeriya yi’i Naajeeriya heɓi nasaraaku cemmbiɗinki, cemmbiɗinki petroŋ, cemmbiɗinki faggudu nder wakkati man, kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya mawni haa ko meeɗaay heɓuki, bee nanta ɓesdugo ceede ko heɓata nder ceede petroŋ. Kono kadi, ooɗoo sahaa yiytii ɓeydagol jaawngol e njulaagu, ko ɓuri heewde e njulaagu, e nder ardiiɓe laamu fedde ndee ; e hay so tawii hooreejo leydi ndii e hoore mum, hono Seneraal Gowon, meeɗaa yiyeede e golle bonɗe ɗee, omo heewi tuumeede wonde omo ɓuuɓna golle gollotooɓe makko e sehilaaɓe makko. Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1974, e nder luural laaɓtungal e fodoore makko adannde, Gowon hollitii wonde Niiseer heddoraaki laamu siwil haa hitaande 1976, o hollitii kadi wonde ñalngu rokkude laamu nguu maa jokku haa abada. Yanti heen, sabu ɓeydagol birooji, ina woodi tuumeede ɓeydagol njulaagu. Ɓeydagol jawdi e nder leydi ndi addani ɗum en waɗde kaayitaaji naatgol fenaande. Wonno haalaaji tonngoode kaaƴe e ceene naatnaaɗe e nder leydi ndi, e Seneraal Gowon e hoore mum o wiyi e jaayndeyaagal leydi ngoɗndi wonde "caɗeele tan ɗe Naajeeriya jogii ko no o huutortoo kaalis mo o jogii oo." Haala armada simme Ko boni e njuɓɓudi laamu Gowon, haa arti noon e haala "armada cement" lolluka, e nder ndunngu 1975, nde porto Lagos wonti jamma, teemedde laanaaji ina njiɗi jippinde semmbe. Won ɗo, agents laamu Naajeeriya siifondirii e 68 liggotooɓe winndereyankooɓe ceertuɓe ngam yettinde fotde 20 miliyoŋ ton semmbe e nder hitaande wootere haa Lagos, hay so tawii noon porto mum ina waawi jaɓde tan ko miliyoŋ ton kargo e hitaande kala. Ko ɓuri bonde nii, nanondiral semmbe ngal moƴƴaani, ina waɗi kuule demurrage (demurrage clauses) moƴƴe no feewi wonande yeeyooɓe ɓee, ɗum firti ko bidsee oo fuɗɗiima ustaade so tawii laanaaji ɗii njooɗiima e porto ina ɗaminii jippinde (walla hay so tawii ɗi njooɗiima e portooji mum en ina ɗaminii yamiroore yahde Niiseer). Laamu leydi Naajeeriya faamaani no feewi mawnugol majjere mum haa laamorgo leydi Lagos ngo yani haa laaɓi cer, haa ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu ina waawi rewde heen. Oon sahaa noon ko juuti. Eɓɓooje mayre ngam salaade nanondiral semmbeeji ɗii e waɗde kuuge kuuɓtodinɗe e kala laanaaji diwooje naatɗi e leydi ndii, haɓɓi leydi ndii e ñaawoore winndere ndee fotde duuɓi keewɗi, haa arti noon e kuulal Ñaawirde Toownde Amerik e hitaande 1983. Liɓgol Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1975 Ɗeeɗoo bonanndeeji ngaddi mettere mawnde e nder konu nguu. Ñalnde 29 sulyee 1975, nde Gowon tawtortee batu OAU to Kampala, fedde ofiseeji e gardagol kolonel Joe Nanven Garba habri wonde o foolii laamu. Fewnooɓe kuudetaa ɓee toɗɗiima brigadier Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo laamu kesu ngu, e brigadier Olusegun Obasanjo won cukko makko. Ko o soldaat Duuɓi e nder eggol Gowon caggal ɗuum yahi eggude to leydi Angalteer, ɗo o heɓi doktoraa makko. e ganndal politik nde o woni almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick. Hoɗorde makko ɓurnde mawnude to Angalteer woni ko e keerol worgo Londres e Hertfordshire, ɗo o wonti no feewi e nder renndo Engele en e nokku makko. O waɗii dumunna gardiiɗo ekkol e nder ekkol makko, St Mary la Virgin, Monken Hadley. Haa warngo Murtala Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1976 eɓɓoore kuudetaa leydi Nijeer E lewru feebariyee 1976, Murtala Mohammed waraa e kuudetaa mo alaa ko nafi, tawi ko Lietnaa Kolonel Buka Suka Dimka ardii ɗum, tawi ina jeyaa heen Gowon. E wiyde "konngol" Dimka, o hawri e Gowon to Londres, o heɓi ballal e makko ngam kuudetaa oo. Yanti heen, Dimka siftinii ko adii warngo mum wonde faandaare kuudetaa oo ko artirde Gowon hooreejo leydi. Ngam ko ñaawirdu kuudetaa holliti, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu leydi Najeriya ina yiɗi ɗum, o itti ɗum darnde makko tawa o alaa, o taƴaa pension makko. Gowon yaafaama haa ragare, kanko bee hooreejo leydi Biafra gonnooɗo, Emeka Ojukwu, wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre lesdi Shehu Shagari. Darnde seneraal Gowon artiraaka haa hitaande 1987 kono ko seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida. Nguurndam caggal Gowon e hitaande 2007 Caggal nde o heɓi doktoraa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick, Gowon wonti porfeseer ganndal politik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos e nder cakkital kitaale 1980.Gowon sosi fedde mum e hitaande 1992 ina wiyee Yakubu Gowon Centre. Fedde nde'e wi'i ɗon huuwa dow kuuje nder lesdi Naajeeriya bana laamu booɗɗum bana no nyawji nyawuuji ɗon mari haaje heɓugo nyawji SIDA, nyawuuji gine, e malaria. Yanti heen, Gen. Gowon ina jeyaa kadi e porogaraam ngam haɓaade mborosaaji Gine kam e porogaraam VIH e Fonds mondial de Geneve. E lewru noowammbar 2020, depitee Tom Tugendhat, nde o wolwanno dow laamu Naajeeriya dow cemmbiɗinki seppooji mawɗi ɗi 2020 #EndSARS, o tuumi Gowon ngam lootugo "feccere Banki lesdi Naajeeriya" ɓaawo o fooɗi laamu nder kuudetaa 1975.Haala man, ko arandeere nde o yiɗi hawtugo bee Kushop bee Matthewla, ɗon fooɗa e nder jaaynde ngenndiire mawnde wiyeteende Daily Trust sifotoonde haala ka nanndi e majjere ko wayi no "ina saɗi faamde no tergal parlemaa Angalteer teddinaaɗo fotde salte mum, waawi accude hoore mum udditaa e majjere e niɓɓiɗde tuumeede ko aldaa e daliilu, ko aldaa e hakkille e ko haawnii e tuumeede fenaande feewde e Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, the our na'mer to the for nuunɗal e nder nguurndam renndo." Caggal nde laamu Naajeeriya ɗaɓɓiti yaafuye, ɓaawo man, hukuuma lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon sendi hoore maako bee haala kan, o wi'i, "haala ka depitee on wi'i, ɗon holla miijooji laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo laamu lesdi Biritaniya walaa dabare ngam jogaago kuuɗe e haalaaji terɗe Parlemaa." E lewru feebariyee 2024, Gowon, woni sosɗo Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Hirnaange Afrik (ECOWAS) cakkitiiɗo wuurde, noddii fedde nde nde ittata kuuge pawaaɗe e Mali, Burkina Faso e Niiseer, ɗe laamuuji mum en ardinooɗi konu kollitii yaltude leyɗeele mum en e fedde nde ngam jaabaade kuuge ɗe. Nguurndam neɗɗo Gowon resi Victoria Zakari, infirmiyee jannguɗo e hitaande 1969 e nder kewu ngu Seth Irunsewe Kale yuɓɓini to Egliis Katedraal Almasiihu, Lagos. Ƴeew kadi portal Nijeer bannge Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Laamu konu Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966-79 e 1983-99 Tuugnorgal 288fjn4z9awnk7czaic3gstzqvci0n1 176518 176517 2026-06-26T08:03:13Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yakubu Dan'juma "Jack" Gowon GCFR''' (hausa en wi'etee; jibinaa ko 19 Oktoobar 1934) ko seneraal Naajeeriya e dowla, o laati hooreejo konu lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1966 haa 1975. Gowon woni hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya, anndiraama kadi konu Biafra ɗo o hokki wolde mawnde "no victor, no vanquished" haa timminorde konu ngam wallugo sembiɗinki e jokkirli. Gowon hollitii wonde o waɗaani hay huunde bonnde e nder wolde nde, kadi ardorde makko hisnii leydi ndii. Kerecee’en Angalteer. iwde e leñol Ngas tokosol e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, Gowon ko ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, kadi ko goonɗinɗo ngootaagu e ngootaagu Naajeeriya. Ummital maako dow laamu ɓaawo kuugal lesdi 1966, nden o semmbini laamu sooja’en haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeen noon, Gowon woni hooreejo leydi Nijeer ko ɓuri juutde e jokkondire, o laamiima fotde duuɓi jeenay haa o fooli laamu e nder kuudetaa 1975 mo Brigadier Murtala Mohammed waɗi. == Nguurndam gadano == Gowon ko Ngas (Angas) ummoriiɗo Lur, wuro tokooso e nder nokku laamu Kanke hannde oo e nder diiwaan Plateau. Jibnaaɓe makko, Nde Yohanna e Matwok Kurnyang, njalti Wusasa, Zaria, ngam wonde misiyoŋaaji fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e balɗe gadane nguurndam Gowon. Baaba makko ina manti nde o resi ñalnde 26 abriil 1923, ñalnde heen dewgal laamɗo Albert e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (caggal ɗuum laamɗo George VI e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth yumma laamɗo). Gowon ko joyaɓo e sukaaɓe sappo e gooto. O mawni ko to Zaria, o heɓi toon nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko gila e cukaagu makko. E nder duɗal, Gowon hollitii wonde ko o daɗndoowo keewɗo faayiida : ko kanko woni gooliiɗo fuku koyɗe duɗal ngal, ko kanko woni dognoowo pole, e dognoowo dingiral juutngal. O fooli limngal kilooji duɗal ngal e hitaande makko adannde. Ko kanko kadi wonnoo kapiteen boksi. == Fuɗɗoode golle == Gowon naati konu leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1954, o heɓi yamiroore makko e wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo ñalnde 19 oktoobar 1955, ñalngu ngu o dañi duuɓi 21. O janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu laamɗo Sandhurst, to Angalteer (1955–56), to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu, to Camberley, to leydi Angalteer (1962) kam e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff, to Latimer, e hitaande 1965. O yi’i golle e nder leydi Konngo e nder fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam, e hitaande 1960 jappeere komandaajo haa hitaande 1966, e oon sahaa o woniino lietnaa kolonel haa jooni. == Kuudetaa 1966 == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1966 E lewru Yarkoma hitaande 1966, o wonti hooreejo konu Naajeeriya ɓurɗo famɗude e duuɓi 31, sabu kuudetaa konu mo fedde ofiseeji tokoosi e gardagol Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu addani laamu siwil Naajeeriya foolde. E nder ndee ɗoo kuudetaa, ko ɓuri heewde e ardiiɓe leyɗeele worgo e hirnaange mbaraama, ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer ; Sir Ahmadu Bello, sardauna mo Sokoto e hooreejo diiwaan worgo; e Samuel Akintola, hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange, Lietnaa Kolonel Artur Unegbe e woɗɓe heewɓe. Ndeen Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon artii e kursus mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff College, Latimer UK balɗe ɗiɗi ko adii kuudetaa oo – gargol mum ko juuti, ina gasa tawa ina waawi ittude mo e doggol hitooɓe Staff) ngam jaɓɓaade ɗaɓɓaande Fuɗnaange ngam ñaawde kuudetaa ɓeydii tikkere Fuɗnaange. Ballal mawngal ina woodi wonande pelle kuudetaaji ɗii ummoraade e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo kam e jaayndeeji "Lagos-Ibadan" ɓurɗi heewde bannge nano. == Kuudetaa konte lewru juko == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1966 kuudetaa Nijeer == Ndeen arii Decree Aguyi Ironsi limre 34, nde holliti ittugol laamu fedde ndee ngam wallitde dowla gooto, darnde nde won e yimɓe Hoɗɓe-haa teeŋti e taƴre mawnde e nder Diiso ngenndiijo Igbo-dominated of Nigeria e Southerns (NCNC) firti ɗum wrong a Northerns[18][18] (haa teeŋti e Igbo) etaade heɓtude denndaangal leƴƴi laamu e nder leydi ndii. Fuɗnaange-rewo ina woɗɗi no feewi diiwanuuji Hirnaange e Fuɗnaange to bannge jaŋde (feccere e mum en ko sabu reentaade doosɗe lislaam e ethos pinal e renndo hirnaange), tawi noon ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange-Igbo en ina tawtoree tawo e nder sarwisaaji laamu fedde ndee. Anniya Murtala Mohammed e wondiiɓe mum waɗooɓe kuudetaa ko ngam ƴellitde seerndude diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e Naajeeriya fof, kono caggal ɗuum ɓe ndartinii peeje maɓɓe e wasiyaaji keewɗi, e nder heen ko heewi e gollotooɓe laamu toowɓe e ñaawooɓe e nder laamuuji Naajeeriya, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko poliseeji Amerik ofiseeji sukaaɓe ndeen pelliti innirde Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon, mo nganndu-ɗaa alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa tawtoreede kewuuji haa ndeen, hooreejo leydi Najeriya. Nde o ummii e laamu Gowon wayli Ironsi mo o woppi doosgal fedde nde. == Hooreejo leydi == E hitaande 1966, Gowon suɓaa yo won hooreejo leydi. Haa e oon sahaa, Gowon ina heddii e wonde soldaat jom golle mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa politik, haa nde kewuuji muusɗi ɗii mbaɗi e hitaande ndee, ɗoon e ɗoon, o waɗti mo e darnde ardorde, nde tawnoo ko o baawɗo wonde fof, ko o neɗɗo worgo, mo wonaano Hausa walla Fulani, mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa iwdi Islaam mo yimɓe mum ina ɓuuɓtoo e jiiɓru leƴƴi. Gowon ɓamti hoore maako laabi ɗiɗi dow hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Gowon wonnoo ko Lietnaa Kolonel nde o ummii e laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Naajeeriya ñalnde 1 lewru nduu hitaande 1966, kono ofiseeji mawɗi goɗɗi ko wayi no Komodor Joseph Wey, Brigadier Babafemi Ogundipe, e Kolonel Robert Adebayo ko e nder laamu mawngu nguu e militeeruuji maɓɓe. Ngam dartinde darnde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi, Gowon ƴetti hoore mum, o wonti Major-General ko adii nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele fuɗɗotoo e hitaande 1967, o wonti Seneraal timmuɗo e joofnirde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1970. == Ardiiɗo wolde nder leydi == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Hare nder leydi Najeriya == E nder fawaade e ceergal fuɗnaange, Gowon yahri ko yaawi ngam leefɗinde ballal diiwaan oo, o yamiri sosde dowlaaji kesi sappo e ɗiɗi ngam lomtaade diiwanuuji nay ɗii. Jeegom e ɗeen dowlaaji ina njogii pelle tokoose ɗe ɗaɓɓunoo sosde dowla gila e kitaale 1950. Gowon hiisiima no haanirta nii wonde leƴƴi pamari fuɗnaange ɗii mballataa Igbos en e dow tiiɗnaare, sibu ina mbaawi jogaade dowlaaji mum en so tawii darnde seertude ndee foolaama. Heewɓe e konu fedde nde haɓannoo e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, anndiraande kadi wolde Biafran, ngam artirde diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e fedde nde, ko terɗe pelle tokoose. Hare ndee waɗii lebbi capanɗe tati, nde joofi ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1970. E jaɓde darnde Biafra nde aldaa e sarɗi, Gowon hollitii wonde alaa fof ɗo fooli, alaa ɗo fooli. E nder ngool ruuhu, duuɓi caggal ɗuum bayyinaa ko yonta moƴƴitingol, moƴƴitingol, e nanondiral. Boom coggu petroŋ, puɗɗinooɗo sabu ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ (ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu leydi ndii) e nder luumo winndereejo e hitaande 1973, ɓeydi mbaawka laamu fedde ndee e ƴettude ɗeen golle. Wonno ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e worgo, tawi ko Gowon ardii ɗum. Ñalnde 4–5 lewru Yarkomaa 1967, e dow ɗaɓɓaande hooreejo leydi Biafran, hono Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, ngam hawrude e jeewte tan ko e leydi ndi alaa ko woni e mum, batu ngu Gowon, Ojukwu e terɗe goɗɗe e nder Goomu Toowngu Konu nguu tawtoraama, yuɓɓinaama to Aburi to leydi Gana, faandaare mum hollitaama ko ngam haɓaade leydi Nijeer fedde diiwanuuji. Dañal ngalɗoo batu ko nanondiral Aburi. Nanondiral Aburi ngal yi’aani lewru, sibu laamu ngu Gowon ardii ngu ina joginoo miijo mawngo e ngalu potngu heɓeede, haa teeŋti noon e ngalu petroŋ ngu ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydo sibu ko resooji njiytaa e nokku hee e nder cagataagal kitaale 1960. Wi'aama walaa ko laarani tabitinki, Gowon e Ojukwu fuu ɗon mari anndal dow ko laarani limngal petrolji mawɗi nder nokkuure nde'e, nde hannde mawni haa laati limngal faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. == Naatgol hakkunde hirnaange hitaande 1967 == E nder doggol ngam ƴeewtaade batte laamu Ojukwu to Fuɗnaange, Gowon anndinii ñalnde 5 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 feccere diiwanuuji tati Naajeeriya ɗii e nder diiwanuuji 12 : Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Kano, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-Cakaari, Diiwanuuji Benue-Plateau, Diiwanuuji Kwaster, Diiwanuuji LadW e Diiwanuuji Hirnaange Diiwaan Fuɗnaange Ojukwu, Dowla Rivers, Dowla Fuɗnaange-rewo, e Dowla Fuɗnaange-Caka. Dowlaaji ɗi ngonaa Igbo en Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange e Maayooji ɗi njoginoo restoraaji petroŋ e jokkondiral e maayo, ndartinaama ngam seerndude nokkuuji Igbo en ɗii no dowri Fuɗnaange-Cakaari nii.Gooto e geɗe luulndiiɗe ɗeeɗoo golle ko Gowon ƴettiti Port Harcourt, wuro mawngo e nder Niger Delta e Ikwejares Fuɗnaange, e nder Ikwejares Sud, e nder leydi Niger Reserves Naajeeriya ɓurduɗe mawnugo, nder lesdi Rivers kesum, ɗon semmbiɗina ɗuuɗal yimɓe Igbo'en wurooɓe ton. Doggol heewɓe e maɓɓe ngarta e gure mum en to "Igbo heartland" to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ɗo ɓe njiyri ɓurde kisal, ina tuumaa ko luural wonande politik Gowon "no victor, no vanquished", nde wonnoo e joofnirde wolde ndee, jawdi ndi ɓe ngoppi ndii, ko ɓiɓɓe leydi Rivers State mbiyata ɗum. Hakkunde darorɗe lewru sulyee 1967, konu fedde nde e konu leydi Nijeer nanngi duunde Bonny e nder diiwaan Niiseer, ɓe keɓi heen doole mum en e nokkuuji Shell-BP baɗɗi faayiida. Golle ɗee puɗɗii kadi e lewru mee 1968, nde Nijeer heɓti Port Harcourt. Koɗki mayri bonniino, ina haani feewnireede. Pewnugol e njeeygu petroŋ ina jokki, kono ko e tolno les. Timmingol e hitaande 1969 terminal keso to Forçados addani peewnugol ngol ɓeydaade gila e 142 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1958 haa 540 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1969. E hitaande 1970, ngolɗoo limoore ɓeydiima laabi ɗiɗi haa 1,08 miliyoŋ barel/ñalngu. Leƴƴi tokoosi e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɗii, ɓuri waawde wonde ko ɗi ngonaa sanguine en e ko fayti e seertude, sibu ɗum firtata ko wuurde e nder ko ɓe cikkata ko leñol ngol Igbo en ɓuri heewde. Woɓɓe ɓe naa Igbo'en jooɗiiɓe nder diiwal Fuunaange, ɓe ɗon ƴama ballal cemmbiɗngal haa hare Biafra, malla boo ɓe mballiri bannge fedde nde ngam ɓe nasta nder konu Naajeeriya, ɓe hokka ɗum anndal dow kuuɗe konu Biafran. Kono won heen mbaɗii geɗe tiiɗɗe e laamu Biafra, tawi N.U. Akpan ina woni Sekereteer laamu nguu, Lietnaa Kolonel (caggal ɗuum Major-Seneraal) Philip Effiong, ina woni hooreejo konu Biafra e woɗɓe hono mawɓe Bassey e Graham-Douglas ina ngondi e golle maantiniiɗe goɗɗe. Ñalnde 30 mee 1967, Ojukwu jaabtii bayyinaango Gowon ngoo, o bayyini seertude Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa hannde ko Republique de Biafra. Ɗumɗoon noon ko ngam fuɗɗoraade hare duumotoonde fotde lebbi 30, e yiyde maayde ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 soldaat fedde ndee e miliyoŋaaji tati hareeji e siwil en Biafran, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe maayi ko e heege e nder njiimaandi leydi Nijeer. Hare nden yi'i yaajingo mawngo nder konu Naajeeriya nder mawnugo e ɓesdaari mawɗum nder softugo konu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo konu lesdi Naajeeriya jibinaama nder wolde nden. Kono, luural mawngal ina taarii golle weeyo ɗe konu leydi Najeriya, nde tawnoo hoɗɓe heewɓe e leydi Biafra, ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe Croix-Rouge, misiyoŋaaji janani e jaayndiyankooɓe, ina tuuma konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e haɓaade yimɓe siwil en, nokkuuji ballondiral e nokkuuji luumooji. Gowon yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e dow deeƴre, yantude e haalaaji ɗi konu makko waɗi ko wayi no warngooji, warngooji keewɗi e yimɓe siwil en e loppitgol keewngol e nokkuuji ɗi ɓe keɓi ɗii ; kono gooto e komanndaaji makko e sahaa wolde, hono Benjamin Adekunle ina wayi no rokkii heen seeɗa hoolaare e ɗeen haalaaji e nder deftere mum, tawi ina yaafnoo ɗum en wonde ko geɗe wolde ɗe ngalaa nafoore. == "Alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa jaaliiɗo" == == Gowon e hitaande 1966 == Hare ndee joofi ko ñalnde 13 lewru bowte hitaande 1970, nde Kolonel Olusegun Obasanjo jaɓi dokkugol konu Biafran. Janngo mum, Obasanjo hollitii ngonka kaa e rajo gonnooɗo rebel en Rajo Biafra Enugu. Gowon caggal ɗuum waɗi konngol mum lollungol "alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa foolɗo", o rewi heen ko yaafuya wonande ko ɓuri heewde e tawtoranooɓe fitinaaji Biafra, kam e porogaraam "Njoɓdi, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol", ngam feewnude bonneede mawɗe baɗnooɗe e duuɓi dufragi e nder dufragi konno. Won e ɗeen golle meeɗaa yaltude e alluwal diidi. Ko jiidaa e ɗuum, politik laamu Gen. Gowon ngam accude tan ko 20 pounds wonande Biafrannaaɓe jogiiɓe konte banke e nder leydi Nijeer ko adii wolde, tawa ko e dow ballal kaalis gooto, ko ɗum huunde nde liggotooɓe ballal caggal leydi e nokkuuji ɗii fof njiyti ɗum, sibu ɗum addani Bifrannaaɓe waɗde ko heewi e ñamaale, loppitgol e wuyɓe e nder nokku hee caggal wolde nde. Kuulal goɗngal ngal Gowon waɗi e tolno boom petroŋ ko jogaade ko won e yimɓe cikkata ko batte bonɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya e nder duuɓi garooji ɗii, hay so tawii noon batte mum ko yaawi ina famɗi no feewi – dekere makko indigenization e hitaande 1972, nde hollitii geɗe keewɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya ko ɓuri rulimign out- tawtoreede jananɓe e fannuuji keewɗi goɗɗi. Ndee ɗoo yamiroore rokkii nafooje winndereyankooje to Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe jokkondirɓe no feewi kono hollitii wonde ina bonna no feewi e njulaagu ngu wonaa petroŋ e nder faggudu Naajeeriya. Duuɓi ɓaawo konu lesdi Naajeeriya yi’i Naajeeriya heɓi nasaraaku cemmbiɗinki, cemmbiɗinki petroŋ, cemmbiɗinki faggudu nder wakkati man, kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya mawni haa ko meeɗaay heɓuki, bee nanta ɓesdugo ceede ko heɓata nder ceede petroŋ. Kono kadi, ooɗoo sahaa yiytii ɓeydagol jaawngol e njulaagu, ko ɓuri heewde e njulaagu, e nder ardiiɓe laamu fedde ndee ; e hay so tawii hooreejo leydi ndii e hoore mum, hono Seneraal Gowon, meeɗaa yiyeede e golle bonɗe ɗee, omo heewi tuumeede wonde omo ɓuuɓna golle gollotooɓe makko e sehilaaɓe makko. Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1974, e nder luural laaɓtungal e fodoore makko adannde, Gowon hollitii wonde Niiseer heddoraaki laamu siwil haa hitaande 1976, o hollitii kadi wonde ñalngu rokkude laamu nguu maa jokku haa abada. Yanti heen, sabu ɓeydagol birooji, ina woodi tuumeede ɓeydagol njulaagu. Ɓeydagol jawdi e nder leydi ndi addani ɗum en waɗde kaayitaaji naatgol fenaande. Wonno haalaaji tonngoode kaaƴe e ceene naatnaaɗe e nder leydi ndi, e Seneraal Gowon e hoore mum o wiyi e jaayndeyaagal leydi ngoɗndi wonde "caɗeele tan ɗe Naajeeriya jogii ko no o huutortoo kaalis mo o jogii oo." == Haala armada simme == Ko boni e njuɓɓudi laamu Gowon, haa arti noon e haala "armada cement" lolluka, e nder ndunngu 1975, nde porto Lagos wonti jamma, teemedde laanaaji ina njiɗi jippinde semmbe. Won ɗo, agents laamu Naajeeriya siifondirii e 68 liggotooɓe winndereyankooɓe ceertuɓe ngam yettinde fotde 20 miliyoŋ ton semmbe e nder hitaande wootere haa Lagos, hay so tawii noon porto mum ina waawi jaɓde tan ko miliyoŋ ton kargo e hitaande kala. Ko ɓuri bonde nii, nanondiral semmbe ngal moƴƴaani, ina waɗi kuule demurrage (demurrage clauses) moƴƴe no feewi wonande yeeyooɓe ɓee, ɗum firti ko bidsee oo fuɗɗiima ustaade so tawii laanaaji ɗii njooɗiima e porto ina ɗaminii jippinde (walla hay so tawii ɗi njooɗiima e portooji mum en ina ɗaminii yamiroore yahde Niiseer). Laamu leydi Naajeeriya faamaani no feewi mawnugol majjere mum haa laamorgo leydi Lagos ngo yani haa laaɓi cer, haa ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu ina waawi rewde heen. Oon sahaa noon ko juuti. Eɓɓooje mayre ngam salaade nanondiral semmbeeji ɗii e waɗde kuuge kuuɓtodinɗe e kala laanaaji diwooje naatɗi e leydi ndii, haɓɓi leydi ndii e ñaawoore winndere ndee fotde duuɓi keewɗi, haa arti noon e kuulal Ñaawirde Toownde Amerik e hitaande 1983. == Liɓgol == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1975 Ɗeeɗoo bonanndeeji ngaddi mettere mawnde e nder konu nguu. Ñalnde 29 sulyee 1975, nde Gowon tawtortee batu OAU to Kampala, fedde ofiseeji e gardagol kolonel Joe Nanven Garba habri wonde o foolii laamu. Fewnooɓe kuudetaa ɓee toɗɗiima brigadier Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo laamu kesu ngu, e brigadier Olusegun Obasanjo won cukko makko. == Ko o soldaat == == Duuɓi e nder eggol == Gowon caggal ɗuum yahi eggude to leydi Angalteer, ɗo o heɓi doktoraa makko. e ganndal politik nde o woni almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick. Hoɗorde makko ɓurnde mawnude to Angalteer woni ko e keerol worgo Londres e Hertfordshire, ɗo o wonti no feewi e nder renndo Engele en e nokku makko. O waɗii dumunna gardiiɗo ekkol e nder ekkol makko, St Mary la Virgin, Monken Hadley. == Haa warngo Murtala == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1976 eɓɓoore kuudetaa leydi Nijeer == E lewru feebariyee 1976, Murtala Mohammed waraa e kuudetaa mo alaa ko nafi, tawi ko Lietnaa Kolonel Buka Suka Dimka ardii ɗum, tawi ina jeyaa heen Gowon. E wiyde "konngol" Dimka, o hawri e Gowon to Londres, o heɓi ballal e makko ngam kuudetaa oo. Yanti heen, Dimka siftinii ko adii warngo mum wonde faandaare kuudetaa oo ko artirde Gowon hooreejo leydi. Ngam ko ñaawirdu kuudetaa holliti, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu leydi Najeriya ina yiɗi ɗum, o itti ɗum darnde makko tawa o alaa, o taƴaa pension makko. Gowon yaafaama haa ragare, kanko bee hooreejo leydi Biafra gonnooɗo, Emeka Ojukwu, wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre lesdi Shehu Shagari. Darnde seneraal Gowon artiraaka haa hitaande 1987 kono ko seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida. == Nguurndam caggal == == Gowon e hitaande 2007 == Caggal nde o heɓi doktoraa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick, Gowon wonti porfeseer ganndal politik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos e nder cakkital kitaale 1980.Gowon sosi fedde mum e hitaande 1992 ina wiyee Yakubu Gowon Centre. Fedde nde'e wi'i ɗon huuwa dow kuuje nder lesdi Naajeeriya bana laamu booɗɗum bana no nyawji nyawuuji ɗon mari haaje heɓugo nyawji SIDA, nyawuuji gine, e malaria. Yanti heen, Gen. Gowon ina jeyaa kadi e porogaraam ngam haɓaade mborosaaji Gine kam e porogaraam VIH e Fonds mondial de Geneve. == E lewru noowammbar 2020, depitee Tom Tugendhat, == nde o wolwanno dow laamu Naajeeriya dow cemmbiɗinki seppooji mawɗi ɗi 2020 #EndSARS, o tuumi Gowon ngam lootugo "feccere Banki lesdi Naajeeriya" ɓaawo o fooɗi laamu nder kuudetaa 1975.Haala man, ko arandeere nde o yiɗi hawtugo bee Kushop bee Matthewla, ɗon fooɗa e nder jaaynde ngenndiire mawnde wiyeteende Daily Trust sifotoonde haala ka nanndi e majjere ko wayi no "ina saɗi faamde no tergal parlemaa Angalteer teddinaaɗo fotde salte mum, waawi accude hoore mum udditaa e majjere e niɓɓiɗde tuumeede ko aldaa e daliilu, ko aldaa e hakkille e ko haawnii e tuumeede fenaande feewde e Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, the our na'mer to the for nuunɗal e nder nguurndam renndo." Caggal nde laamu Naajeeriya ɗaɓɓiti yaafuye, ɓaawo man, hukuuma lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon sendi hoore maako bee haala kan, o wi'i, "haala ka depitee on wi'i, ɗon holla miijooji laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo laamu lesdi Biritaniya walaa dabare ngam jogaago kuuɗe e haalaaji terɗe Parlemaa." E lewru feebariyee 2024, Gowon, woni sosɗo Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Hirnaange Afrik (ECOWAS) cakkitiiɗo wuurde, noddii fedde nde nde ittata kuuge pawaaɗe e Mali, Burkina Faso e Niiseer, ɗe laamuuji mum en ardinooɗi konu kollitii yaltude leyɗeele mum en e fedde nde ngam jaabaade kuuge ɗe. == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Gowon resi Victoria Zakari, infirmiyee jannguɗo e hitaande 1969 e nder kewu ngu Seth Irunsewe Kale yuɓɓini to Egliis Katedraal Almasiihu, Lagos. == Ƴeew kadi == == portal Nijeer bannge == Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Laamu konu Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966-79 e 1983-99 == Tuugnorgal == t0e13cabd1w1lx7fcinwjn70nvm8brd 176519 176518 2026-06-26T08:05:19Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yakubu Dan'juma "Jack" Gowon GCFR''' (hausa en wi'etee; jibinaa ko 19 Oktoobar 1934) ko seneraal Naajeeriya e dowla, o laati hooreejo konu lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1966 haa 1975.<ref>{{cite news|title=General Yakubu 'Jack' Gowon at 85|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/general-yakubu-jack-gowon-at-85/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2019-11-01|access-date=2024-08-29|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="Britannica" /> Gowon woni hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya, anndiraama kadi konu Biafra ɗo o hokki wolde mawnde "no victor, no vanquished" haa timminorde konu ngam wallugo sembiɗinki e jokkirli. Gowon hollitii wonde o waɗaani hay huunde bonnde e nder wolde nde, kadi ardorde makko hisnii leydi ndii. Kerecee’en Angalteer. iwde e leñol Ngas tokosol e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, Gowon ko ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, kadi ko goonɗinɗo ngootaagu e ngootaagu Naajeeriya. Ummital maako dow laamu ɓaawo kuugal lesdi 1966, nden o semmbini laamu sooja’en haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeen noon, Gowon woni hooreejo leydi Nijeer ko ɓuri juutde e jokkondire, o laamiima fotde duuɓi jeenay haa o fooli laamu e nder kuudetaa 1975 mo Brigadier Murtala Mohammed waɗi. == Nguurndam gadano == Gowon ko Ngas (Angas) ummoriiɗo Lur, wuro tokooso e nder nokku laamu Kanke hannde oo e nder diiwaan Plateau. Jibnaaɓe makko, Nde Yohanna e Matwok Kurnyang, njalti Wusasa, Zaria, ngam wonde misiyoŋaaji fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e balɗe gadane nguurndam Gowon. Baaba makko ina manti nde o resi ñalnde 26 abriil 1923, ñalnde heen dewgal laamɗo Albert e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (caggal ɗuum laamɗo George VI e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth yumma laamɗo). Gowon ko joyaɓo e sukaaɓe sappo e gooto. O mawni ko to Zaria, o heɓi toon nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko gila e cukaagu makko. E nder duɗal, Gowon hollitii wonde ko o daɗndoowo keewɗo faayiida : ko kanko woni gooliiɗo fuku koyɗe duɗal ngal, ko kanko woni dognoowo pole, e dognoowo dingiral juutngal. O fooli limngal kilooji duɗal ngal e hitaande makko adannde. Ko kanko kadi wonnoo kapiteen boksi. == Fuɗɗoode golle == Gowon naati konu leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1954, o heɓi yamiroore makko e wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo ñalnde 19 oktoobar 1955, ñalngu ngu o dañi duuɓi 21. O janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu laamɗo Sandhurst, to Angalteer (1955–56), to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu, to Camberley, to leydi Angalteer (1962) kam e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff, to Latimer, e hitaande 1965. O yi’i golle e nder leydi Konngo e nder fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam, e hitaande 1960 jappeere komandaajo haa hitaande 1966, e oon sahaa o woniino lietnaa kolonel haa jooni. == Kuudetaa 1966 == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1966 E lewru Yarkoma hitaande 1966, o wonti hooreejo konu Naajeeriya ɓurɗo famɗude e duuɓi 31, sabu kuudetaa konu mo fedde ofiseeji tokoosi e gardagol Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu addani laamu siwil Naajeeriya foolde. E nder ndee ɗoo kuudetaa, ko ɓuri heewde e ardiiɓe leyɗeele worgo e hirnaange mbaraama, ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer ; Sir Ahmadu Bello, sardauna mo Sokoto e hooreejo diiwaan worgo; e Samuel Akintola, hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange, Lietnaa Kolonel Artur Unegbe e woɗɓe heewɓe. Ndeen Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon artii e kursus mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff College, Latimer UK balɗe ɗiɗi ko adii kuudetaa oo – gargol mum ko juuti, ina gasa tawa ina waawi ittude mo e doggol hitooɓe Staff) ngam jaɓɓaade ɗaɓɓaande Fuɗnaange ngam ñaawde kuudetaa ɓeydii tikkere Fuɗnaange. Ballal mawngal ina woodi wonande pelle kuudetaaji ɗii ummoraade e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo kam e jaayndeeji "Lagos-Ibadan" ɓurɗi heewde bannge nano. == Kuudetaa konte lewru juko == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1966 kuudetaa Nijeer == Ndeen arii Decree Aguyi Ironsi limre 34, nde holliti ittugol laamu fedde ndee ngam wallitde dowla gooto, darnde nde won e yimɓe Hoɗɓe-haa teeŋti e taƴre mawnde e nder Diiso ngenndiijo Igbo-dominated of Nigeria e Southerns (NCNC) firti ɗum wrong a Northerns[18][18] (haa teeŋti e Igbo) etaade heɓtude denndaangal leƴƴi laamu e nder leydi ndii. Fuɗnaange-rewo ina woɗɗi no feewi diiwanuuji Hirnaange e Fuɗnaange to bannge jaŋde (feccere e mum en ko sabu reentaade doosɗe lislaam e ethos pinal e renndo hirnaange), tawi noon ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange-Igbo en ina tawtoree tawo e nder sarwisaaji laamu fedde ndee. Anniya Murtala Mohammed e wondiiɓe mum waɗooɓe kuudetaa ko ngam ƴellitde seerndude diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e Naajeeriya fof, kono caggal ɗuum ɓe ndartinii peeje maɓɓe e wasiyaaji keewɗi, e nder heen ko heewi e gollotooɓe laamu toowɓe e ñaawooɓe e nder laamuuji Naajeeriya, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko poliseeji Amerik ofiseeji sukaaɓe ndeen pelliti innirde Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon, mo nganndu-ɗaa alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa tawtoreede kewuuji haa ndeen, hooreejo leydi Najeriya. Nde o ummii e laamu Gowon wayli Ironsi mo o woppi doosgal fedde nde. == Hooreejo leydi == E hitaande 1966, Gowon suɓaa yo won hooreejo leydi. Haa e oon sahaa, Gowon ina heddii e wonde soldaat jom golle mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa politik, haa nde kewuuji muusɗi ɗii mbaɗi e hitaande ndee, ɗoon e ɗoon, o waɗti mo e darnde ardorde, nde tawnoo ko o baawɗo wonde fof, ko o neɗɗo worgo, mo wonaano Hausa walla Fulani, mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa iwdi Islaam mo yimɓe mum ina ɓuuɓtoo e jiiɓru leƴƴi. Gowon ɓamti hoore maako laabi ɗiɗi dow hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Gowon wonnoo ko Lietnaa Kolonel nde o ummii e laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Naajeeriya ñalnde 1 lewru nduu hitaande 1966, kono ofiseeji mawɗi goɗɗi ko wayi no Komodor Joseph Wey, Brigadier Babafemi Ogundipe, e Kolonel Robert Adebayo ko e nder laamu mawngu nguu e militeeruuji maɓɓe. Ngam dartinde darnde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi, Gowon ƴetti hoore mum, o wonti Major-General ko adii nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele fuɗɗotoo e hitaande 1967, o wonti Seneraal timmuɗo e joofnirde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1970. == Ardiiɗo wolde nder leydi == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Hare nder leydi Najeriya == E nder fawaade e ceergal fuɗnaange, Gowon yahri ko yaawi ngam leefɗinde ballal diiwaan oo, o yamiri sosde dowlaaji kesi sappo e ɗiɗi ngam lomtaade diiwanuuji nay ɗii. Jeegom e ɗeen dowlaaji ina njogii pelle tokoose ɗe ɗaɓɓunoo sosde dowla gila e kitaale 1950. Gowon hiisiima no haanirta nii wonde leƴƴi pamari fuɗnaange ɗii mballataa Igbos en e dow tiiɗnaare, sibu ina mbaawi jogaade dowlaaji mum en so tawii darnde seertude ndee foolaama. Heewɓe e konu fedde nde haɓannoo e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, anndiraande kadi wolde Biafran, ngam artirde diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e fedde nde, ko terɗe pelle tokoose. Hare ndee waɗii lebbi capanɗe tati, nde joofi ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1970. E jaɓde darnde Biafra nde aldaa e sarɗi, Gowon hollitii wonde alaa fof ɗo fooli, alaa ɗo fooli. E nder ngool ruuhu, duuɓi caggal ɗuum bayyinaa ko yonta moƴƴitingol, moƴƴitingol, e nanondiral. Boom coggu petroŋ, puɗɗinooɗo sabu ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ (ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu leydi ndii) e nder luumo winndereejo e hitaande 1973, ɓeydi mbaawka laamu fedde ndee e ƴettude ɗeen golle. Wonno ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e worgo, tawi ko Gowon ardii ɗum. Ñalnde 4–5 lewru Yarkomaa 1967, e dow ɗaɓɓaande hooreejo leydi Biafran, hono Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, ngam hawrude e jeewte tan ko e leydi ndi alaa ko woni e mum, batu ngu Gowon, Ojukwu e terɗe goɗɗe e nder Goomu Toowngu Konu nguu tawtoraama, yuɓɓinaama to Aburi to leydi Gana, faandaare mum hollitaama ko ngam haɓaade leydi Nijeer fedde diiwanuuji. Dañal ngalɗoo batu ko nanondiral Aburi. Nanondiral Aburi ngal yi’aani lewru, sibu laamu ngu Gowon ardii ngu ina joginoo miijo mawngo e ngalu potngu heɓeede, haa teeŋti noon e ngalu petroŋ ngu ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydo sibu ko resooji njiytaa e nokku hee e nder cagataagal kitaale 1960. Wi'aama walaa ko laarani tabitinki, Gowon e Ojukwu fuu ɗon mari anndal dow ko laarani limngal petrolji mawɗi nder nokkuure nde'e, nde hannde mawni haa laati limngal faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. == Naatgol hakkunde hirnaange hitaande 1967 == E nder doggol ngam ƴeewtaade batte laamu Ojukwu to Fuɗnaange, Gowon anndinii ñalnde 5 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 feccere diiwanuuji tati Naajeeriya ɗii e nder diiwanuuji 12 : Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Kano, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-Cakaari, Diiwanuuji Benue-Plateau, Diiwanuuji Kwaster, Diiwanuuji LadW e Diiwanuuji Hirnaange Diiwaan Fuɗnaange Ojukwu, Dowla Rivers, Dowla Fuɗnaange-rewo, e Dowla Fuɗnaange-Caka. Dowlaaji ɗi ngonaa Igbo en Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange e Maayooji ɗi njoginoo restoraaji petroŋ e jokkondiral e maayo, ndartinaama ngam seerndude nokkuuji Igbo en ɗii no dowri Fuɗnaange-Cakaari nii.Gooto e geɗe luulndiiɗe ɗeeɗoo golle ko Gowon ƴettiti Port Harcourt, wuro mawngo e nder Niger Delta e Ikwejares Fuɗnaange, e nder Ikwejares Sud, e nder leydi Niger Reserves Naajeeriya ɓurduɗe mawnugo, nder lesdi Rivers kesum, ɗon semmbiɗina ɗuuɗal yimɓe Igbo'en wurooɓe ton. Doggol heewɓe e maɓɓe ngarta e gure mum en to "Igbo heartland" to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ɗo ɓe njiyri ɓurde kisal, ina tuumaa ko luural wonande politik Gowon "no victor, no vanquished", nde wonnoo e joofnirde wolde ndee, jawdi ndi ɓe ngoppi ndii, ko ɓiɓɓe leydi Rivers State mbiyata ɗum. Hakkunde darorɗe lewru sulyee 1967, konu fedde nde e konu leydi Nijeer nanngi duunde Bonny e nder diiwaan Niiseer, ɓe keɓi heen doole mum en e nokkuuji Shell-BP baɗɗi faayiida. Golle ɗee puɗɗii kadi e lewru mee 1968, nde Nijeer heɓti Port Harcourt. Koɗki mayri bonniino, ina haani feewnireede. Pewnugol e njeeygu petroŋ ina jokki, kono ko e tolno les. Timmingol e hitaande 1969 terminal keso to Forçados addani peewnugol ngol ɓeydaade gila e 142 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1958 haa 540 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1969. E hitaande 1970, ngolɗoo limoore ɓeydiima laabi ɗiɗi haa 1,08 miliyoŋ barel/ñalngu. Leƴƴi tokoosi e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɗii, ɓuri waawde wonde ko ɗi ngonaa sanguine en e ko fayti e seertude, sibu ɗum firtata ko wuurde e nder ko ɓe cikkata ko leñol ngol Igbo en ɓuri heewde. Woɓɓe ɓe naa Igbo'en jooɗiiɓe nder diiwal Fuunaange, ɓe ɗon ƴama ballal cemmbiɗngal haa hare Biafra, malla boo ɓe mballiri bannge fedde nde ngam ɓe nasta nder konu Naajeeriya, ɓe hokka ɗum anndal dow kuuɗe konu Biafran. Kono won heen mbaɗii geɗe tiiɗɗe e laamu Biafra, tawi N.U. Akpan ina woni Sekereteer laamu nguu, Lietnaa Kolonel (caggal ɗuum Major-Seneraal) Philip Effiong, ina woni hooreejo konu Biafra e woɗɓe hono mawɓe Bassey e Graham-Douglas ina ngondi e golle maantiniiɗe goɗɗe. Ñalnde 30 mee 1967, Ojukwu jaabtii bayyinaango Gowon ngoo, o bayyini seertude Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa hannde ko Republique de Biafra. Ɗumɗoon noon ko ngam fuɗɗoraade hare duumotoonde fotde lebbi 30, e yiyde maayde ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 soldaat fedde ndee e miliyoŋaaji tati hareeji e siwil en Biafran, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe maayi ko e heege e nder njiimaandi leydi Nijeer. Hare nden yi'i yaajingo mawngo nder konu Naajeeriya nder mawnugo e ɓesdaari mawɗum nder softugo konu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo konu lesdi Naajeeriya jibinaama nder wolde nden. Kono, luural mawngal ina taarii golle weeyo ɗe konu leydi Najeriya, nde tawnoo hoɗɓe heewɓe e leydi Biafra, ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe Croix-Rouge, misiyoŋaaji janani e jaayndiyankooɓe, ina tuuma konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e haɓaade yimɓe siwil en, nokkuuji ballondiral e nokkuuji luumooji. Gowon yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e dow deeƴre, yantude e haalaaji ɗi konu makko waɗi ko wayi no warngooji, warngooji keewɗi e yimɓe siwil en e loppitgol keewngol e nokkuuji ɗi ɓe keɓi ɗii ; kono gooto e komanndaaji makko e sahaa wolde, hono Benjamin Adekunle ina wayi no rokkii heen seeɗa hoolaare e ɗeen haalaaji e nder deftere mum, tawi ina yaafnoo ɗum en wonde ko geɗe wolde ɗe ngalaa nafoore. == "Alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa jaaliiɗo" == == Gowon e hitaande 1966 == Hare ndee joofi ko ñalnde 13 lewru bowte hitaande 1970, nde Kolonel Olusegun Obasanjo jaɓi dokkugol konu Biafran. Janngo mum, Obasanjo hollitii ngonka kaa e rajo gonnooɗo rebel en Rajo Biafra Enugu. Gowon caggal ɗuum waɗi konngol mum lollungol "alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa foolɗo", o rewi heen ko yaafuya wonande ko ɓuri heewde e tawtoranooɓe fitinaaji Biafra, kam e porogaraam "Njoɓdi, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol", ngam feewnude bonneede mawɗe baɗnooɗe e duuɓi dufragi e nder dufragi konno. Won e ɗeen golle meeɗaa yaltude e alluwal diidi. Ko jiidaa e ɗuum, politik laamu Gen. Gowon ngam accude tan ko 20 pounds wonande Biafrannaaɓe jogiiɓe konte banke e nder leydi Nijeer ko adii wolde, tawa ko e dow ballal kaalis gooto, ko ɗum huunde nde liggotooɓe ballal caggal leydi e nokkuuji ɗii fof njiyti ɗum, sibu ɗum addani Bifrannaaɓe waɗde ko heewi e ñamaale, loppitgol e wuyɓe e nder nokku hee caggal wolde nde. Kuulal goɗngal ngal Gowon waɗi e tolno boom petroŋ ko jogaade ko won e yimɓe cikkata ko batte bonɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya e nder duuɓi garooji ɗii, hay so tawii noon batte mum ko yaawi ina famɗi no feewi – dekere makko indigenization e hitaande 1972, nde hollitii geɗe keewɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya ko ɓuri rulimign out- tawtoreede jananɓe e fannuuji keewɗi goɗɗi. Ndee ɗoo yamiroore rokkii nafooje winndereyankooje to Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe jokkondirɓe no feewi kono hollitii wonde ina bonna no feewi e njulaagu ngu wonaa petroŋ e nder faggudu Naajeeriya. Duuɓi ɓaawo konu lesdi Naajeeriya yi’i Naajeeriya heɓi nasaraaku cemmbiɗinki, cemmbiɗinki petroŋ, cemmbiɗinki faggudu nder wakkati man, kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya mawni haa ko meeɗaay heɓuki, bee nanta ɓesdugo ceede ko heɓata nder ceede petroŋ. Kono kadi, ooɗoo sahaa yiytii ɓeydagol jaawngol e njulaagu, ko ɓuri heewde e njulaagu, e nder ardiiɓe laamu fedde ndee ; e hay so tawii hooreejo leydi ndii e hoore mum, hono Seneraal Gowon, meeɗaa yiyeede e golle bonɗe ɗee, omo heewi tuumeede wonde omo ɓuuɓna golle gollotooɓe makko e sehilaaɓe makko. Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1974, e nder luural laaɓtungal e fodoore makko adannde, Gowon hollitii wonde Niiseer heddoraaki laamu siwil haa hitaande 1976, o hollitii kadi wonde ñalngu rokkude laamu nguu maa jokku haa abada. Yanti heen, sabu ɓeydagol birooji, ina woodi tuumeede ɓeydagol njulaagu. Ɓeydagol jawdi e nder leydi ndi addani ɗum en waɗde kaayitaaji naatgol fenaande. Wonno haalaaji tonngoode kaaƴe e ceene naatnaaɗe e nder leydi ndi, e Seneraal Gowon e hoore mum o wiyi e jaayndeyaagal leydi ngoɗndi wonde "caɗeele tan ɗe Naajeeriya jogii ko no o huutortoo kaalis mo o jogii oo." == Haala armada simme == Ko boni e njuɓɓudi laamu Gowon, haa arti noon e haala "armada cement" lolluka, e nder ndunngu 1975, nde porto Lagos wonti jamma, teemedde laanaaji ina njiɗi jippinde semmbe. Won ɗo, agents laamu Naajeeriya siifondirii e 68 liggotooɓe winndereyankooɓe ceertuɓe ngam yettinde fotde 20 miliyoŋ ton semmbe e nder hitaande wootere haa Lagos, hay so tawii noon porto mum ina waawi jaɓde tan ko miliyoŋ ton kargo e hitaande kala. Ko ɓuri bonde nii, nanondiral semmbe ngal moƴƴaani, ina waɗi kuule demurrage (demurrage clauses) moƴƴe no feewi wonande yeeyooɓe ɓee, ɗum firti ko bidsee oo fuɗɗiima ustaade so tawii laanaaji ɗii njooɗiima e porto ina ɗaminii jippinde (walla hay so tawii ɗi njooɗiima e portooji mum en ina ɗaminii yamiroore yahde Niiseer). Laamu leydi Naajeeriya faamaani no feewi mawnugol majjere mum haa laamorgo leydi Lagos ngo yani haa laaɓi cer, haa ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu ina waawi rewde heen. Oon sahaa noon ko juuti. Eɓɓooje mayre ngam salaade nanondiral semmbeeji ɗii e waɗde kuuge kuuɓtodinɗe e kala laanaaji diwooje naatɗi e leydi ndii, haɓɓi leydi ndii e ñaawoore winndere ndee fotde duuɓi keewɗi, haa arti noon e kuulal Ñaawirde Toownde Amerik e hitaande 1983. == Liɓgol == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1975 Ɗeeɗoo bonanndeeji ngaddi mettere mawnde e nder konu nguu. Ñalnde 29 sulyee 1975, nde Gowon tawtortee batu OAU to Kampala, fedde ofiseeji e gardagol kolonel Joe Nanven Garba habri wonde o foolii laamu. Fewnooɓe kuudetaa ɓee toɗɗiima brigadier Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo laamu kesu ngu, e brigadier Olusegun Obasanjo won cukko makko. == Ko o soldaat == == Duuɓi e nder eggol == Gowon caggal ɗuum yahi eggude to leydi Angalteer, ɗo o heɓi doktoraa makko. e ganndal politik nde o woni almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick. Hoɗorde makko ɓurnde mawnude to Angalteer woni ko e keerol worgo Londres e Hertfordshire, ɗo o wonti no feewi e nder renndo Engele en e nokku makko. O waɗii dumunna gardiiɗo ekkol e nder ekkol makko, St Mary la Virgin, Monken Hadley. == Haa warngo Murtala == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1976 eɓɓoore kuudetaa leydi Nijeer == E lewru feebariyee 1976, Murtala Mohammed waraa e kuudetaa mo alaa ko nafi, tawi ko Lietnaa Kolonel Buka Suka Dimka ardii ɗum, tawi ina jeyaa heen Gowon. E wiyde "konngol" Dimka, o hawri e Gowon to Londres, o heɓi ballal e makko ngam kuudetaa oo. Yanti heen, Dimka siftinii ko adii warngo mum wonde faandaare kuudetaa oo ko artirde Gowon hooreejo leydi. Ngam ko ñaawirdu kuudetaa holliti, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu leydi Najeriya ina yiɗi ɗum, o itti ɗum darnde makko tawa o alaa, o taƴaa pension makko. Gowon yaafaama haa ragare, kanko bee hooreejo leydi Biafra gonnooɗo, Emeka Ojukwu, wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre lesdi Shehu Shagari. Darnde seneraal Gowon artiraaka haa hitaande 1987 kono ko seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida. == Nguurndam caggal == == Gowon e hitaande 2007 == Caggal nde o heɓi doktoraa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick, Gowon wonti porfeseer ganndal politik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos e nder cakkital kitaale 1980.Gowon sosi fedde mum e hitaande 1992 ina wiyee Yakubu Gowon Centre. Fedde nde'e wi'i ɗon huuwa dow kuuje nder lesdi Naajeeriya bana laamu booɗɗum bana no nyawji nyawuuji ɗon mari haaje heɓugo nyawji SIDA, nyawuuji gine, e malaria. Yanti heen, Gen. Gowon ina jeyaa kadi e porogaraam ngam haɓaade mborosaaji Gine kam e porogaraam VIH e Fonds mondial de Geneve. == E lewru noowammbar 2020, depitee Tom Tugendhat, == nde o wolwanno dow laamu Naajeeriya dow cemmbiɗinki seppooji mawɗi ɗi 2020 #EndSARS, o tuumi Gowon ngam lootugo "feccere Banki lesdi Naajeeriya" ɓaawo o fooɗi laamu nder kuudetaa 1975.Haala man, ko arandeere nde o yiɗi hawtugo bee Kushop bee Matthewla, ɗon fooɗa e nder jaaynde ngenndiire mawnde wiyeteende Daily Trust sifotoonde haala ka nanndi e majjere ko wayi no "ina saɗi faamde no tergal parlemaa Angalteer teddinaaɗo fotde salte mum, waawi accude hoore mum udditaa e majjere e niɓɓiɗde tuumeede ko aldaa e daliilu, ko aldaa e hakkille e ko haawnii e tuumeede fenaande feewde e Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, the our na'mer to the for nuunɗal e nder nguurndam renndo." Caggal nde laamu Naajeeriya ɗaɓɓiti yaafuye, ɓaawo man, hukuuma lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon sendi hoore maako bee haala kan, o wi'i, "haala ka depitee on wi'i, ɗon holla miijooji laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo laamu lesdi Biritaniya walaa dabare ngam jogaago kuuɗe e haalaaji terɗe Parlemaa." E lewru feebariyee 2024, Gowon, woni sosɗo Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Hirnaange Afrik (ECOWAS) cakkitiiɗo wuurde, noddii fedde nde nde ittata kuuge pawaaɗe e Mali, Burkina Faso e Niiseer, ɗe laamuuji mum en ardinooɗi konu kollitii yaltude leyɗeele mum en e fedde nde ngam jaabaade kuuge ɗe. == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Gowon resi Victoria Zakari, infirmiyee jannguɗo e hitaande 1969 e nder kewu ngu Seth Irunsewe Kale yuɓɓini to Egliis Katedraal Almasiihu, Lagos. == Ƴeew kadi == == portal Nijeer bannge == Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Laamu konu Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966-79 e 1983-99 == Tuugnorgal == dfqeuam4oaf6787sgs3i7ch7ppqedbv 176520 176519 2026-06-26T08:07:20Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yakubu Dan'juma "Jack" Gowon GCFR''' (hausa en wi'etee; jibinaa ko 19 Oktoobar 1934) ko seneraal Naajeeriya e dowla, o laati hooreejo konu lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1966 haa 1975.<ref>{{cite news|title=General Yakubu 'Jack' Gowon at 85|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/general-yakubu-jack-gowon-at-85/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2019-11-01|access-date=2024-08-29|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="Britannica" /> Gowon woni hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya, anndiraama kadi konu Biafra ɗo o hokki wolde mawnde "no victor, no vanquished" haa timminorde konu ngam wallugo sembiɗinki e jokkirli. Gowon hollitii wonde o waɗaani hay huunde bonnde e nder wolde nde, kadi ardorde makko hisnii leydi ndii.<ref>{{cite news|title=Did we really have no victor, no vanquished?|url=https://businessday.ng/columnist/article/did-we-really-have-no-victor-no-vanquished/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-07-03|date=2020-07-07|newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=247ureports.com|date=2013-09-22|title=Crimes Against Humanity: Why Yakubu Gowon And Accomplices Should Face Trial|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/crimes-against-humanity-why-yakubu-gowon-and-accomplices-should-face-trial/|access-date=2021-03-14|website=[[News Ghana]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-01-18|last=Wahab|first=Bayo|title=Gowon speaks on civil war, says he didn't commit any crime|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/gowon-speaks-on-civil-war-says-he-didnt-commit-any-crime/wqyzw16|access-date=2021-03-14|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}</ref> Kerecee’en Angalteer. iwde e leñol Ngas tokosol e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, Gowon ko ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, kadi ko goonɗinɗo ngootaagu e ngootaagu Naajeeriya. Ummital maako dow laamu ɓaawo kuugal lesdi 1966, nden o semmbini laamu sooja’en haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeen noon, Gowon woni hooreejo leydi Nijeer ko ɓuri juutde e jokkondire, o laamiima fotde duuɓi jeenay haa o fooli laamu e nder kuudetaa 1975 mo Brigadier Murtala Mohammed waɗi. == Nguurndam gadano == Gowon ko Ngas (Angas) ummoriiɗo Lur, wuro tokooso e nder nokku laamu Kanke hannde oo e nder diiwaan Plateau. Jibnaaɓe makko, Nde Yohanna e Matwok Kurnyang, njalti Wusasa, Zaria, ngam wonde misiyoŋaaji fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e balɗe gadane nguurndam Gowon. Baaba makko ina manti nde o resi ñalnde 26 abriil 1923, ñalnde heen dewgal laamɗo Albert e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (caggal ɗuum laamɗo George VI e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth yumma laamɗo). Gowon ko joyaɓo e sukaaɓe sappo e gooto. O mawni ko to Zaria, o heɓi toon nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko gila e cukaagu makko. E nder duɗal, Gowon hollitii wonde ko o daɗndoowo keewɗo faayiida : ko kanko woni gooliiɗo fuku koyɗe duɗal ngal, ko kanko woni dognoowo pole, e dognoowo dingiral juutngal. O fooli limngal kilooji duɗal ngal e hitaande makko adannde. Ko kanko kadi wonnoo kapiteen boksi. == Fuɗɗoode golle == Gowon naati konu leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1954, o heɓi yamiroore makko e wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo ñalnde 19 oktoobar 1955, ñalngu ngu o dañi duuɓi 21. O janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu laamɗo Sandhurst, to Angalteer (1955–56), to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu, to Camberley, to leydi Angalteer (1962) kam e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff, to Latimer, e hitaande 1965. O yi’i golle e nder leydi Konngo e nder fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam, e hitaande 1960 jappeere komandaajo haa hitaande 1966, e oon sahaa o woniino lietnaa kolonel haa jooni. == Kuudetaa 1966 == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1966 E lewru Yarkoma hitaande 1966, o wonti hooreejo konu Naajeeriya ɓurɗo famɗude e duuɓi 31, sabu kuudetaa konu mo fedde ofiseeji tokoosi e gardagol Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu addani laamu siwil Naajeeriya foolde. E nder ndee ɗoo kuudetaa, ko ɓuri heewde e ardiiɓe leyɗeele worgo e hirnaange mbaraama, ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer ; Sir Ahmadu Bello, sardauna mo Sokoto e hooreejo diiwaan worgo; e Samuel Akintola, hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange, Lietnaa Kolonel Artur Unegbe e woɗɓe heewɓe. Ndeen Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon artii e kursus mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff College, Latimer UK balɗe ɗiɗi ko adii kuudetaa oo – gargol mum ko juuti, ina gasa tawa ina waawi ittude mo e doggol hitooɓe Staff) ngam jaɓɓaade ɗaɓɓaande Fuɗnaange ngam ñaawde kuudetaa ɓeydii tikkere Fuɗnaange. Ballal mawngal ina woodi wonande pelle kuudetaaji ɗii ummoraade e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo kam e jaayndeeji "Lagos-Ibadan" ɓurɗi heewde bannge nano. == Kuudetaa konte lewru juko == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1966 kuudetaa Nijeer == Ndeen arii Decree Aguyi Ironsi limre 34, nde holliti ittugol laamu fedde ndee ngam wallitde dowla gooto, darnde nde won e yimɓe Hoɗɓe-haa teeŋti e taƴre mawnde e nder Diiso ngenndiijo Igbo-dominated of Nigeria e Southerns (NCNC) firti ɗum wrong a Northerns[18][18] (haa teeŋti e Igbo) etaade heɓtude denndaangal leƴƴi laamu e nder leydi ndii. Fuɗnaange-rewo ina woɗɗi no feewi diiwanuuji Hirnaange e Fuɗnaange to bannge jaŋde (feccere e mum en ko sabu reentaade doosɗe lislaam e ethos pinal e renndo hirnaange), tawi noon ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange-Igbo en ina tawtoree tawo e nder sarwisaaji laamu fedde ndee. Anniya Murtala Mohammed e wondiiɓe mum waɗooɓe kuudetaa ko ngam ƴellitde seerndude diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e Naajeeriya fof, kono caggal ɗuum ɓe ndartinii peeje maɓɓe e wasiyaaji keewɗi, e nder heen ko heewi e gollotooɓe laamu toowɓe e ñaawooɓe e nder laamuuji Naajeeriya, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko poliseeji Amerik ofiseeji sukaaɓe ndeen pelliti innirde Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon, mo nganndu-ɗaa alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa tawtoreede kewuuji haa ndeen, hooreejo leydi Najeriya. Nde o ummii e laamu Gowon wayli Ironsi mo o woppi doosgal fedde nde. == Hooreejo leydi == E hitaande 1966, Gowon suɓaa yo won hooreejo leydi. Haa e oon sahaa, Gowon ina heddii e wonde soldaat jom golle mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa politik, haa nde kewuuji muusɗi ɗii mbaɗi e hitaande ndee, ɗoon e ɗoon, o waɗti mo e darnde ardorde, nde tawnoo ko o baawɗo wonde fof, ko o neɗɗo worgo, mo wonaano Hausa walla Fulani, mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa iwdi Islaam mo yimɓe mum ina ɓuuɓtoo e jiiɓru leƴƴi. Gowon ɓamti hoore maako laabi ɗiɗi dow hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Gowon wonnoo ko Lietnaa Kolonel nde o ummii e laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Naajeeriya ñalnde 1 lewru nduu hitaande 1966, kono ofiseeji mawɗi goɗɗi ko wayi no Komodor Joseph Wey, Brigadier Babafemi Ogundipe, e Kolonel Robert Adebayo ko e nder laamu mawngu nguu e militeeruuji maɓɓe. Ngam dartinde darnde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi, Gowon ƴetti hoore mum, o wonti Major-General ko adii nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele fuɗɗotoo e hitaande 1967, o wonti Seneraal timmuɗo e joofnirde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1970. == Ardiiɗo wolde nder leydi == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Hare nder leydi Najeriya == E nder fawaade e ceergal fuɗnaange, Gowon yahri ko yaawi ngam leefɗinde ballal diiwaan oo, o yamiri sosde dowlaaji kesi sappo e ɗiɗi ngam lomtaade diiwanuuji nay ɗii. Jeegom e ɗeen dowlaaji ina njogii pelle tokoose ɗe ɗaɓɓunoo sosde dowla gila e kitaale 1950. Gowon hiisiima no haanirta nii wonde leƴƴi pamari fuɗnaange ɗii mballataa Igbos en e dow tiiɗnaare, sibu ina mbaawi jogaade dowlaaji mum en so tawii darnde seertude ndee foolaama. Heewɓe e konu fedde nde haɓannoo e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, anndiraande kadi wolde Biafran, ngam artirde diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e fedde nde, ko terɗe pelle tokoose. Hare ndee waɗii lebbi capanɗe tati, nde joofi ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1970. E jaɓde darnde Biafra nde aldaa e sarɗi, Gowon hollitii wonde alaa fof ɗo fooli, alaa ɗo fooli. E nder ngool ruuhu, duuɓi caggal ɗuum bayyinaa ko yonta moƴƴitingol, moƴƴitingol, e nanondiral. Boom coggu petroŋ, puɗɗinooɗo sabu ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ (ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu leydi ndii) e nder luumo winndereejo e hitaande 1973, ɓeydi mbaawka laamu fedde ndee e ƴettude ɗeen golle. Wonno ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e worgo, tawi ko Gowon ardii ɗum. Ñalnde 4–5 lewru Yarkomaa 1967, e dow ɗaɓɓaande hooreejo leydi Biafran, hono Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, ngam hawrude e jeewte tan ko e leydi ndi alaa ko woni e mum, batu ngu Gowon, Ojukwu e terɗe goɗɗe e nder Goomu Toowngu Konu nguu tawtoraama, yuɓɓinaama to Aburi to leydi Gana, faandaare mum hollitaama ko ngam haɓaade leydi Nijeer fedde diiwanuuji. Dañal ngalɗoo batu ko nanondiral Aburi. Nanondiral Aburi ngal yi’aani lewru, sibu laamu ngu Gowon ardii ngu ina joginoo miijo mawngo e ngalu potngu heɓeede, haa teeŋti noon e ngalu petroŋ ngu ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydo sibu ko resooji njiytaa e nokku hee e nder cagataagal kitaale 1960. Wi'aama walaa ko laarani tabitinki, Gowon e Ojukwu fuu ɗon mari anndal dow ko laarani limngal petrolji mawɗi nder nokkuure nde'e, nde hannde mawni haa laati limngal faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. == Naatgol hakkunde hirnaange hitaande 1967 == E nder doggol ngam ƴeewtaade batte laamu Ojukwu to Fuɗnaange, Gowon anndinii ñalnde 5 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 feccere diiwanuuji tati Naajeeriya ɗii e nder diiwanuuji 12 : Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Kano, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-Cakaari, Diiwanuuji Benue-Plateau, Diiwanuuji Kwaster, Diiwanuuji LadW e Diiwanuuji Hirnaange Diiwaan Fuɗnaange Ojukwu, Dowla Rivers, Dowla Fuɗnaange-rewo, e Dowla Fuɗnaange-Caka. Dowlaaji ɗi ngonaa Igbo en Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange e Maayooji ɗi njoginoo restoraaji petroŋ e jokkondiral e maayo, ndartinaama ngam seerndude nokkuuji Igbo en ɗii no dowri Fuɗnaange-Cakaari nii.Gooto e geɗe luulndiiɗe ɗeeɗoo golle ko Gowon ƴettiti Port Harcourt, wuro mawngo e nder Niger Delta e Ikwejares Fuɗnaange, e nder Ikwejares Sud, e nder leydi Niger Reserves Naajeeriya ɓurduɗe mawnugo, nder lesdi Rivers kesum, ɗon semmbiɗina ɗuuɗal yimɓe Igbo'en wurooɓe ton. Doggol heewɓe e maɓɓe ngarta e gure mum en to "Igbo heartland" to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ɗo ɓe njiyri ɓurde kisal, ina tuumaa ko luural wonande politik Gowon "no victor, no vanquished", nde wonnoo e joofnirde wolde ndee, jawdi ndi ɓe ngoppi ndii, ko ɓiɓɓe leydi Rivers State mbiyata ɗum. Hakkunde darorɗe lewru sulyee 1967, konu fedde nde e konu leydi Nijeer nanngi duunde Bonny e nder diiwaan Niiseer, ɓe keɓi heen doole mum en e nokkuuji Shell-BP baɗɗi faayiida. Golle ɗee puɗɗii kadi e lewru mee 1968, nde Nijeer heɓti Port Harcourt. Koɗki mayri bonniino, ina haani feewnireede. Pewnugol e njeeygu petroŋ ina jokki, kono ko e tolno les. Timmingol e hitaande 1969 terminal keso to Forçados addani peewnugol ngol ɓeydaade gila e 142 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1958 haa 540 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1969. E hitaande 1970, ngolɗoo limoore ɓeydiima laabi ɗiɗi haa 1,08 miliyoŋ barel/ñalngu. Leƴƴi tokoosi e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɗii, ɓuri waawde wonde ko ɗi ngonaa sanguine en e ko fayti e seertude, sibu ɗum firtata ko wuurde e nder ko ɓe cikkata ko leñol ngol Igbo en ɓuri heewde. Woɓɓe ɓe naa Igbo'en jooɗiiɓe nder diiwal Fuunaange, ɓe ɗon ƴama ballal cemmbiɗngal haa hare Biafra, malla boo ɓe mballiri bannge fedde nde ngam ɓe nasta nder konu Naajeeriya, ɓe hokka ɗum anndal dow kuuɗe konu Biafran. Kono won heen mbaɗii geɗe tiiɗɗe e laamu Biafra, tawi N.U. Akpan ina woni Sekereteer laamu nguu, Lietnaa Kolonel (caggal ɗuum Major-Seneraal) Philip Effiong, ina woni hooreejo konu Biafra e woɗɓe hono mawɓe Bassey e Graham-Douglas ina ngondi e golle maantiniiɗe goɗɗe. Ñalnde 30 mee 1967, Ojukwu jaabtii bayyinaango Gowon ngoo, o bayyini seertude Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa hannde ko Republique de Biafra. Ɗumɗoon noon ko ngam fuɗɗoraade hare duumotoonde fotde lebbi 30, e yiyde maayde ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 soldaat fedde ndee e miliyoŋaaji tati hareeji e siwil en Biafran, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe maayi ko e heege e nder njiimaandi leydi Nijeer. Hare nden yi'i yaajingo mawngo nder konu Naajeeriya nder mawnugo e ɓesdaari mawɗum nder softugo konu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo konu lesdi Naajeeriya jibinaama nder wolde nden. Kono, luural mawngal ina taarii golle weeyo ɗe konu leydi Najeriya, nde tawnoo hoɗɓe heewɓe e leydi Biafra, ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe Croix-Rouge, misiyoŋaaji janani e jaayndiyankooɓe, ina tuuma konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e haɓaade yimɓe siwil en, nokkuuji ballondiral e nokkuuji luumooji. Gowon yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e dow deeƴre, yantude e haalaaji ɗi konu makko waɗi ko wayi no warngooji, warngooji keewɗi e yimɓe siwil en e loppitgol keewngol e nokkuuji ɗi ɓe keɓi ɗii ; kono gooto e komanndaaji makko e sahaa wolde, hono Benjamin Adekunle ina wayi no rokkii heen seeɗa hoolaare e ɗeen haalaaji e nder deftere mum, tawi ina yaafnoo ɗum en wonde ko geɗe wolde ɗe ngalaa nafoore. == "Alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa jaaliiɗo" == == Gowon e hitaande 1966 == Hare ndee joofi ko ñalnde 13 lewru bowte hitaande 1970, nde Kolonel Olusegun Obasanjo jaɓi dokkugol konu Biafran. Janngo mum, Obasanjo hollitii ngonka kaa e rajo gonnooɗo rebel en Rajo Biafra Enugu. Gowon caggal ɗuum waɗi konngol mum lollungol "alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa foolɗo", o rewi heen ko yaafuya wonande ko ɓuri heewde e tawtoranooɓe fitinaaji Biafra, kam e porogaraam "Njoɓdi, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol", ngam feewnude bonneede mawɗe baɗnooɗe e duuɓi dufragi e nder dufragi konno. Won e ɗeen golle meeɗaa yaltude e alluwal diidi. Ko jiidaa e ɗuum, politik laamu Gen. Gowon ngam accude tan ko 20 pounds wonande Biafrannaaɓe jogiiɓe konte banke e nder leydi Nijeer ko adii wolde, tawa ko e dow ballal kaalis gooto, ko ɗum huunde nde liggotooɓe ballal caggal leydi e nokkuuji ɗii fof njiyti ɗum, sibu ɗum addani Bifrannaaɓe waɗde ko heewi e ñamaale, loppitgol e wuyɓe e nder nokku hee caggal wolde nde. Kuulal goɗngal ngal Gowon waɗi e tolno boom petroŋ ko jogaade ko won e yimɓe cikkata ko batte bonɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya e nder duuɓi garooji ɗii, hay so tawii noon batte mum ko yaawi ina famɗi no feewi – dekere makko indigenization e hitaande 1972, nde hollitii geɗe keewɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya ko ɓuri rulimign out- tawtoreede jananɓe e fannuuji keewɗi goɗɗi. Ndee ɗoo yamiroore rokkii nafooje winndereyankooje to Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe jokkondirɓe no feewi kono hollitii wonde ina bonna no feewi e njulaagu ngu wonaa petroŋ e nder faggudu Naajeeriya. Duuɓi ɓaawo konu lesdi Naajeeriya yi’i Naajeeriya heɓi nasaraaku cemmbiɗinki, cemmbiɗinki petroŋ, cemmbiɗinki faggudu nder wakkati man, kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya mawni haa ko meeɗaay heɓuki, bee nanta ɓesdugo ceede ko heɓata nder ceede petroŋ. Kono kadi, ooɗoo sahaa yiytii ɓeydagol jaawngol e njulaagu, ko ɓuri heewde e njulaagu, e nder ardiiɓe laamu fedde ndee ; e hay so tawii hooreejo leydi ndii e hoore mum, hono Seneraal Gowon, meeɗaa yiyeede e golle bonɗe ɗee, omo heewi tuumeede wonde omo ɓuuɓna golle gollotooɓe makko e sehilaaɓe makko. Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1974, e nder luural laaɓtungal e fodoore makko adannde, Gowon hollitii wonde Niiseer heddoraaki laamu siwil haa hitaande 1976, o hollitii kadi wonde ñalngu rokkude laamu nguu maa jokku haa abada. Yanti heen, sabu ɓeydagol birooji, ina woodi tuumeede ɓeydagol njulaagu. Ɓeydagol jawdi e nder leydi ndi addani ɗum en waɗde kaayitaaji naatgol fenaande. Wonno haalaaji tonngoode kaaƴe e ceene naatnaaɗe e nder leydi ndi, e Seneraal Gowon e hoore mum o wiyi e jaayndeyaagal leydi ngoɗndi wonde "caɗeele tan ɗe Naajeeriya jogii ko no o huutortoo kaalis mo o jogii oo." == Haala armada simme == Ko boni e njuɓɓudi laamu Gowon, haa arti noon e haala "armada cement" lolluka, e nder ndunngu 1975, nde porto Lagos wonti jamma, teemedde laanaaji ina njiɗi jippinde semmbe. Won ɗo, agents laamu Naajeeriya siifondirii e 68 liggotooɓe winndereyankooɓe ceertuɓe ngam yettinde fotde 20 miliyoŋ ton semmbe e nder hitaande wootere haa Lagos, hay so tawii noon porto mum ina waawi jaɓde tan ko miliyoŋ ton kargo e hitaande kala. Ko ɓuri bonde nii, nanondiral semmbe ngal moƴƴaani, ina waɗi kuule demurrage (demurrage clauses) moƴƴe no feewi wonande yeeyooɓe ɓee, ɗum firti ko bidsee oo fuɗɗiima ustaade so tawii laanaaji ɗii njooɗiima e porto ina ɗaminii jippinde (walla hay so tawii ɗi njooɗiima e portooji mum en ina ɗaminii yamiroore yahde Niiseer). Laamu leydi Naajeeriya faamaani no feewi mawnugol majjere mum haa laamorgo leydi Lagos ngo yani haa laaɓi cer, haa ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu ina waawi rewde heen. Oon sahaa noon ko juuti. Eɓɓooje mayre ngam salaade nanondiral semmbeeji ɗii e waɗde kuuge kuuɓtodinɗe e kala laanaaji diwooje naatɗi e leydi ndii, haɓɓi leydi ndii e ñaawoore winndere ndee fotde duuɓi keewɗi, haa arti noon e kuulal Ñaawirde Toownde Amerik e hitaande 1983. == Liɓgol == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1975 Ɗeeɗoo bonanndeeji ngaddi mettere mawnde e nder konu nguu. Ñalnde 29 sulyee 1975, nde Gowon tawtortee batu OAU to Kampala, fedde ofiseeji e gardagol kolonel Joe Nanven Garba habri wonde o foolii laamu. Fewnooɓe kuudetaa ɓee toɗɗiima brigadier Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo laamu kesu ngu, e brigadier Olusegun Obasanjo won cukko makko. == Ko o soldaat == == Duuɓi e nder eggol == Gowon caggal ɗuum yahi eggude to leydi Angalteer, ɗo o heɓi doktoraa makko. e ganndal politik nde o woni almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick. Hoɗorde makko ɓurnde mawnude to Angalteer woni ko e keerol worgo Londres e Hertfordshire, ɗo o wonti no feewi e nder renndo Engele en e nokku makko. O waɗii dumunna gardiiɗo ekkol e nder ekkol makko, St Mary la Virgin, Monken Hadley. == Haa warngo Murtala == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1976 eɓɓoore kuudetaa leydi Nijeer == E lewru feebariyee 1976, Murtala Mohammed waraa e kuudetaa mo alaa ko nafi, tawi ko Lietnaa Kolonel Buka Suka Dimka ardii ɗum, tawi ina jeyaa heen Gowon. E wiyde "konngol" Dimka, o hawri e Gowon to Londres, o heɓi ballal e makko ngam kuudetaa oo. Yanti heen, Dimka siftinii ko adii warngo mum wonde faandaare kuudetaa oo ko artirde Gowon hooreejo leydi. Ngam ko ñaawirdu kuudetaa holliti, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu leydi Najeriya ina yiɗi ɗum, o itti ɗum darnde makko tawa o alaa, o taƴaa pension makko. Gowon yaafaama haa ragare, kanko bee hooreejo leydi Biafra gonnooɗo, Emeka Ojukwu, wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre lesdi Shehu Shagari. Darnde seneraal Gowon artiraaka haa hitaande 1987 kono ko seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida. == Nguurndam caggal == == Gowon e hitaande 2007 == Caggal nde o heɓi doktoraa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick, Gowon wonti porfeseer ganndal politik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos e nder cakkital kitaale 1980.Gowon sosi fedde mum e hitaande 1992 ina wiyee Yakubu Gowon Centre. Fedde nde'e wi'i ɗon huuwa dow kuuje nder lesdi Naajeeriya bana laamu booɗɗum bana no nyawji nyawuuji ɗon mari haaje heɓugo nyawji SIDA, nyawuuji gine, e malaria. Yanti heen, Gen. Gowon ina jeyaa kadi e porogaraam ngam haɓaade mborosaaji Gine kam e porogaraam VIH e Fonds mondial de Geneve. == E lewru noowammbar 2020, depitee Tom Tugendhat, == nde o wolwanno dow laamu Naajeeriya dow cemmbiɗinki seppooji mawɗi ɗi 2020 #EndSARS, o tuumi Gowon ngam lootugo "feccere Banki lesdi Naajeeriya" ɓaawo o fooɗi laamu nder kuudetaa 1975.Haala man, ko arandeere nde o yiɗi hawtugo bee Kushop bee Matthewla, ɗon fooɗa e nder jaaynde ngenndiire mawnde wiyeteende Daily Trust sifotoonde haala ka nanndi e majjere ko wayi no "ina saɗi faamde no tergal parlemaa Angalteer teddinaaɗo fotde salte mum, waawi accude hoore mum udditaa e majjere e niɓɓiɗde tuumeede ko aldaa e daliilu, ko aldaa e hakkille e ko haawnii e tuumeede fenaande feewde e Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, the our na'mer to the for nuunɗal e nder nguurndam renndo." Caggal nde laamu Naajeeriya ɗaɓɓiti yaafuye, ɓaawo man, hukuuma lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon sendi hoore maako bee haala kan, o wi'i, "haala ka depitee on wi'i, ɗon holla miijooji laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo laamu lesdi Biritaniya walaa dabare ngam jogaago kuuɗe e haalaaji terɗe Parlemaa." E lewru feebariyee 2024, Gowon, woni sosɗo Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Hirnaange Afrik (ECOWAS) cakkitiiɗo wuurde, noddii fedde nde nde ittata kuuge pawaaɗe e Mali, Burkina Faso e Niiseer, ɗe laamuuji mum en ardinooɗi konu kollitii yaltude leyɗeele mum en e fedde nde ngam jaabaade kuuge ɗe. == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Gowon resi Victoria Zakari, infirmiyee jannguɗo e hitaande 1969 e nder kewu ngu Seth Irunsewe Kale yuɓɓini to Egliis Katedraal Almasiihu, Lagos. == Ƴeew kadi == == portal Nijeer bannge == Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Laamu konu Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966-79 e 1983-99 == Tuugnorgal == ka5ajd5rdoraa20qvfekkiik7k1t04v 176521 176520 2026-06-26T08:10:21Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yakubu Dan'juma "Jack" Gowon GCFR''' (hausa en wi'etee; jibinaa ko 19 Oktoobar 1934) ko seneraal Naajeeriya e dowla, o laati hooreejo konu lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1966 haa 1975.<ref>{{cite news|title=General Yakubu 'Jack' Gowon at 85|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/general-yakubu-jack-gowon-at-85/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2019-11-01|access-date=2024-08-29|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="Britannica" /> Gowon woni hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya, anndiraama kadi konu Biafra ɗo o hokki wolde mawnde "no victor, no vanquished" haa timminorde konu ngam wallugo sembiɗinki e jokkirli. Gowon hollitii wonde o waɗaani hay huunde bonnde e nder wolde nde, kadi ardorde makko hisnii leydi ndii.<ref>{{cite news|title=Did we really have no victor, no vanquished?|url=https://businessday.ng/columnist/article/did-we-really-have-no-victor-no-vanquished/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-07-03|date=2020-07-07|newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=247ureports.com|date=2013-09-22|title=Crimes Against Humanity: Why Yakubu Gowon And Accomplices Should Face Trial|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/crimes-against-humanity-why-yakubu-gowon-and-accomplices-should-face-trial/|access-date=2021-03-14|website=[[News Ghana]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-01-18|last=Wahab|first=Bayo|title=Gowon speaks on civil war, says he didn't commit any crime|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/gowon-speaks-on-civil-war-says-he-didnt-commit-any-crime/wqyzw16|access-date=2021-03-14|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}</ref> Kerecee’en Angalteer. iwde e leñol Ngas tokosol e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, Gowon ko ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, kadi ko goonɗinɗo ngootaagu e ngootaagu Naajeeriya. Ummital maako dow laamu ɓaawo kuugal lesdi 1966, nden o semmbini laamu sooja’en haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeen noon, Gowon woni hooreejo leydi Nijeer ko ɓuri juutde e jokkondire, o laamiima fotde duuɓi jeenay haa o fooli laamu e nder kuudetaa 1975 mo Brigadier Murtala Mohammed waɗi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Archbishop welcomes Nigeria's General Yakubu Gowon to Lambeth Palace|date=2016-09-16|url=https://www.archbishopofcanterbury.org/speaking-and-writing/latest-news/news-archive-2016/archbishop-welcomes-nigerias-general-yakubu|access-date=2024-08-29|website=The Archbishop of Canterbury}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-10-23|title=Nigeria's unity, not negotiable, says Gowon|url=https://punchng.com/nigerias-unity-not-negotiable-says-gowon/|access-date=2021-03-26|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Adewole|first=Segun|date=2021-01-15|title=Pictorial: Key actors of Nigeria's Civil War (1966-1970)|url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-key-actors-of-nigerias-civil-war-1966-1970/|access-date=2025-06-11|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Yakubu Gowon – Nigeria's Prodigious War General|url=https://africa360degrees.com/honour-roll/politics-civil-rights/yakubu-gowon-nigerias-prodigious-war-general/|access-date=2020-05-26|website=Africa 360 Degrees|archive-date=2020-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605082851/https://africa360degrees.com/honour-roll/politics-civil-rights/yakubu-gowon-nigerias-prodigious-war-general/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == Gowon ko Ngas (Angas) ummoriiɗo Lur, wuro tokooso e nder nokku laamu Kanke hannde oo e nder diiwaan Plateau. Jibnaaɓe makko, Nde Yohanna e Matwok Kurnyang, njalti Wusasa, Zaria, ngam wonde misiyoŋaaji fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e balɗe gadane nguurndam Gowon. Baaba makko ina manti nde o resi ñalnde 26 abriil 1923, ñalnde heen dewgal laamɗo Albert e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (caggal ɗuum laamɗo George VI e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth yumma laamɗo). Gowon ko joyaɓo e sukaaɓe sappo e gooto. O mawni ko to Zaria, o heɓi toon nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko gila e cukaagu makko. E nder duɗal, Gowon hollitii wonde ko o daɗndoowo keewɗo faayiida : ko kanko woni gooliiɗo fuku koyɗe duɗal ngal, ko kanko woni dognoowo pole, e dognoowo dingiral juutngal. O fooli limngal kilooji duɗal ngal e hitaande makko adannde. Ko kanko kadi wonnoo kapiteen boksi. == Fuɗɗoode golle == Gowon naati konu leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1954, o heɓi yamiroore makko e wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo ñalnde 19 oktoobar 1955, ñalngu ngu o dañi duuɓi 21. O janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu laamɗo Sandhurst, to Angalteer (1955–56), to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu, to Camberley, to leydi Angalteer (1962) kam e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff, to Latimer, e hitaande 1965. O yi’i golle e nder leydi Konngo e nder fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam, e hitaande 1960 jappeere komandaajo haa hitaande 1966, e oon sahaa o woniino lietnaa kolonel haa jooni. == Kuudetaa 1966 == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1966 E lewru Yarkoma hitaande 1966, o wonti hooreejo konu Naajeeriya ɓurɗo famɗude e duuɓi 31, sabu kuudetaa konu mo fedde ofiseeji tokoosi e gardagol Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu addani laamu siwil Naajeeriya foolde. E nder ndee ɗoo kuudetaa, ko ɓuri heewde e ardiiɓe leyɗeele worgo e hirnaange mbaraama, ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer ; Sir Ahmadu Bello, sardauna mo Sokoto e hooreejo diiwaan worgo; e Samuel Akintola, hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange, Lietnaa Kolonel Artur Unegbe e woɗɓe heewɓe. Ndeen Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon artii e kursus mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff College, Latimer UK balɗe ɗiɗi ko adii kuudetaa oo – gargol mum ko juuti, ina gasa tawa ina waawi ittude mo e doggol hitooɓe Staff) ngam jaɓɓaade ɗaɓɓaande Fuɗnaange ngam ñaawde kuudetaa ɓeydii tikkere Fuɗnaange. Ballal mawngal ina woodi wonande pelle kuudetaaji ɗii ummoraade e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo kam e jaayndeeji "Lagos-Ibadan" ɓurɗi heewde bannge nano. == Kuudetaa konte lewru juko == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1966 kuudetaa Nijeer == Ndeen arii Decree Aguyi Ironsi limre 34, nde holliti ittugol laamu fedde ndee ngam wallitde dowla gooto, darnde nde won e yimɓe Hoɗɓe-haa teeŋti e taƴre mawnde e nder Diiso ngenndiijo Igbo-dominated of Nigeria e Southerns (NCNC) firti ɗum wrong a Northerns[18][18] (haa teeŋti e Igbo) etaade heɓtude denndaangal leƴƴi laamu e nder leydi ndii. Fuɗnaange-rewo ina woɗɗi no feewi diiwanuuji Hirnaange e Fuɗnaange to bannge jaŋde (feccere e mum en ko sabu reentaade doosɗe lislaam e ethos pinal e renndo hirnaange), tawi noon ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange-Igbo en ina tawtoree tawo e nder sarwisaaji laamu fedde ndee. Anniya Murtala Mohammed e wondiiɓe mum waɗooɓe kuudetaa ko ngam ƴellitde seerndude diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e Naajeeriya fof, kono caggal ɗuum ɓe ndartinii peeje maɓɓe e wasiyaaji keewɗi, e nder heen ko heewi e gollotooɓe laamu toowɓe e ñaawooɓe e nder laamuuji Naajeeriya, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko poliseeji Amerik ofiseeji sukaaɓe ndeen pelliti innirde Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon, mo nganndu-ɗaa alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa tawtoreede kewuuji haa ndeen, hooreejo leydi Najeriya. Nde o ummii e laamu Gowon wayli Ironsi mo o woppi doosgal fedde nde. == Hooreejo leydi == E hitaande 1966, Gowon suɓaa yo won hooreejo leydi. Haa e oon sahaa, Gowon ina heddii e wonde soldaat jom golle mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa politik, haa nde kewuuji muusɗi ɗii mbaɗi e hitaande ndee, ɗoon e ɗoon, o waɗti mo e darnde ardorde, nde tawnoo ko o baawɗo wonde fof, ko o neɗɗo worgo, mo wonaano Hausa walla Fulani, mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa iwdi Islaam mo yimɓe mum ina ɓuuɓtoo e jiiɓru leƴƴi. Gowon ɓamti hoore maako laabi ɗiɗi dow hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Gowon wonnoo ko Lietnaa Kolonel nde o ummii e laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Naajeeriya ñalnde 1 lewru nduu hitaande 1966, kono ofiseeji mawɗi goɗɗi ko wayi no Komodor Joseph Wey, Brigadier Babafemi Ogundipe, e Kolonel Robert Adebayo ko e nder laamu mawngu nguu e militeeruuji maɓɓe. Ngam dartinde darnde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi, Gowon ƴetti hoore mum, o wonti Major-General ko adii nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele fuɗɗotoo e hitaande 1967, o wonti Seneraal timmuɗo e joofnirde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1970. == Ardiiɗo wolde nder leydi == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Hare nder leydi Najeriya == E nder fawaade e ceergal fuɗnaange, Gowon yahri ko yaawi ngam leefɗinde ballal diiwaan oo, o yamiri sosde dowlaaji kesi sappo e ɗiɗi ngam lomtaade diiwanuuji nay ɗii. Jeegom e ɗeen dowlaaji ina njogii pelle tokoose ɗe ɗaɓɓunoo sosde dowla gila e kitaale 1950. Gowon hiisiima no haanirta nii wonde leƴƴi pamari fuɗnaange ɗii mballataa Igbos en e dow tiiɗnaare, sibu ina mbaawi jogaade dowlaaji mum en so tawii darnde seertude ndee foolaama. Heewɓe e konu fedde nde haɓannoo e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, anndiraande kadi wolde Biafran, ngam artirde diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e fedde nde, ko terɗe pelle tokoose. Hare ndee waɗii lebbi capanɗe tati, nde joofi ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1970. E jaɓde darnde Biafra nde aldaa e sarɗi, Gowon hollitii wonde alaa fof ɗo fooli, alaa ɗo fooli. E nder ngool ruuhu, duuɓi caggal ɗuum bayyinaa ko yonta moƴƴitingol, moƴƴitingol, e nanondiral. Boom coggu petroŋ, puɗɗinooɗo sabu ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ (ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu leydi ndii) e nder luumo winndereejo e hitaande 1973, ɓeydi mbaawka laamu fedde ndee e ƴettude ɗeen golle. Wonno ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e worgo, tawi ko Gowon ardii ɗum. Ñalnde 4–5 lewru Yarkomaa 1967, e dow ɗaɓɓaande hooreejo leydi Biafran, hono Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, ngam hawrude e jeewte tan ko e leydi ndi alaa ko woni e mum, batu ngu Gowon, Ojukwu e terɗe goɗɗe e nder Goomu Toowngu Konu nguu tawtoraama, yuɓɓinaama to Aburi to leydi Gana, faandaare mum hollitaama ko ngam haɓaade leydi Nijeer fedde diiwanuuji. Dañal ngalɗoo batu ko nanondiral Aburi. Nanondiral Aburi ngal yi’aani lewru, sibu laamu ngu Gowon ardii ngu ina joginoo miijo mawngo e ngalu potngu heɓeede, haa teeŋti noon e ngalu petroŋ ngu ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydo sibu ko resooji njiytaa e nokku hee e nder cagataagal kitaale 1960. Wi'aama walaa ko laarani tabitinki, Gowon e Ojukwu fuu ɗon mari anndal dow ko laarani limngal petrolji mawɗi nder nokkuure nde'e, nde hannde mawni haa laati limngal faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. == Naatgol hakkunde hirnaange hitaande 1967 == E nder doggol ngam ƴeewtaade batte laamu Ojukwu to Fuɗnaange, Gowon anndinii ñalnde 5 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 feccere diiwanuuji tati Naajeeriya ɗii e nder diiwanuuji 12 : Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Kano, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-Cakaari, Diiwanuuji Benue-Plateau, Diiwanuuji Kwaster, Diiwanuuji LadW e Diiwanuuji Hirnaange Diiwaan Fuɗnaange Ojukwu, Dowla Rivers, Dowla Fuɗnaange-rewo, e Dowla Fuɗnaange-Caka. Dowlaaji ɗi ngonaa Igbo en Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange e Maayooji ɗi njoginoo restoraaji petroŋ e jokkondiral e maayo, ndartinaama ngam seerndude nokkuuji Igbo en ɗii no dowri Fuɗnaange-Cakaari nii.Gooto e geɗe luulndiiɗe ɗeeɗoo golle ko Gowon ƴettiti Port Harcourt, wuro mawngo e nder Niger Delta e Ikwejares Fuɗnaange, e nder Ikwejares Sud, e nder leydi Niger Reserves Naajeeriya ɓurduɗe mawnugo, nder lesdi Rivers kesum, ɗon semmbiɗina ɗuuɗal yimɓe Igbo'en wurooɓe ton. Doggol heewɓe e maɓɓe ngarta e gure mum en to "Igbo heartland" to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ɗo ɓe njiyri ɓurde kisal, ina tuumaa ko luural wonande politik Gowon "no victor, no vanquished", nde wonnoo e joofnirde wolde ndee, jawdi ndi ɓe ngoppi ndii, ko ɓiɓɓe leydi Rivers State mbiyata ɗum. Hakkunde darorɗe lewru sulyee 1967, konu fedde nde e konu leydi Nijeer nanngi duunde Bonny e nder diiwaan Niiseer, ɓe keɓi heen doole mum en e nokkuuji Shell-BP baɗɗi faayiida. Golle ɗee puɗɗii kadi e lewru mee 1968, nde Nijeer heɓti Port Harcourt. Koɗki mayri bonniino, ina haani feewnireede. Pewnugol e njeeygu petroŋ ina jokki, kono ko e tolno les. Timmingol e hitaande 1969 terminal keso to Forçados addani peewnugol ngol ɓeydaade gila e 142 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1958 haa 540 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1969. E hitaande 1970, ngolɗoo limoore ɓeydiima laabi ɗiɗi haa 1,08 miliyoŋ barel/ñalngu. Leƴƴi tokoosi e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɗii, ɓuri waawde wonde ko ɗi ngonaa sanguine en e ko fayti e seertude, sibu ɗum firtata ko wuurde e nder ko ɓe cikkata ko leñol ngol Igbo en ɓuri heewde. Woɓɓe ɓe naa Igbo'en jooɗiiɓe nder diiwal Fuunaange, ɓe ɗon ƴama ballal cemmbiɗngal haa hare Biafra, malla boo ɓe mballiri bannge fedde nde ngam ɓe nasta nder konu Naajeeriya, ɓe hokka ɗum anndal dow kuuɗe konu Biafran. Kono won heen mbaɗii geɗe tiiɗɗe e laamu Biafra, tawi N.U. Akpan ina woni Sekereteer laamu nguu, Lietnaa Kolonel (caggal ɗuum Major-Seneraal) Philip Effiong, ina woni hooreejo konu Biafra e woɗɓe hono mawɓe Bassey e Graham-Douglas ina ngondi e golle maantiniiɗe goɗɗe. Ñalnde 30 mee 1967, Ojukwu jaabtii bayyinaango Gowon ngoo, o bayyini seertude Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa hannde ko Republique de Biafra. Ɗumɗoon noon ko ngam fuɗɗoraade hare duumotoonde fotde lebbi 30, e yiyde maayde ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 soldaat fedde ndee e miliyoŋaaji tati hareeji e siwil en Biafran, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe maayi ko e heege e nder njiimaandi leydi Nijeer. Hare nden yi'i yaajingo mawngo nder konu Naajeeriya nder mawnugo e ɓesdaari mawɗum nder softugo konu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo konu lesdi Naajeeriya jibinaama nder wolde nden. Kono, luural mawngal ina taarii golle weeyo ɗe konu leydi Najeriya, nde tawnoo hoɗɓe heewɓe e leydi Biafra, ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe Croix-Rouge, misiyoŋaaji janani e jaayndiyankooɓe, ina tuuma konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e haɓaade yimɓe siwil en, nokkuuji ballondiral e nokkuuji luumooji. Gowon yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e dow deeƴre, yantude e haalaaji ɗi konu makko waɗi ko wayi no warngooji, warngooji keewɗi e yimɓe siwil en e loppitgol keewngol e nokkuuji ɗi ɓe keɓi ɗii ; kono gooto e komanndaaji makko e sahaa wolde, hono Benjamin Adekunle ina wayi no rokkii heen seeɗa hoolaare e ɗeen haalaaji e nder deftere mum, tawi ina yaafnoo ɗum en wonde ko geɗe wolde ɗe ngalaa nafoore. == "Alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa jaaliiɗo" == == Gowon e hitaande 1966 == Hare ndee joofi ko ñalnde 13 lewru bowte hitaande 1970, nde Kolonel Olusegun Obasanjo jaɓi dokkugol konu Biafran. Janngo mum, Obasanjo hollitii ngonka kaa e rajo gonnooɗo rebel en Rajo Biafra Enugu. Gowon caggal ɗuum waɗi konngol mum lollungol "alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa foolɗo", o rewi heen ko yaafuya wonande ko ɓuri heewde e tawtoranooɓe fitinaaji Biafra, kam e porogaraam "Njoɓdi, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol", ngam feewnude bonneede mawɗe baɗnooɗe e duuɓi dufragi e nder dufragi konno. Won e ɗeen golle meeɗaa yaltude e alluwal diidi. Ko jiidaa e ɗuum, politik laamu Gen. Gowon ngam accude tan ko 20 pounds wonande Biafrannaaɓe jogiiɓe konte banke e nder leydi Nijeer ko adii wolde, tawa ko e dow ballal kaalis gooto, ko ɗum huunde nde liggotooɓe ballal caggal leydi e nokkuuji ɗii fof njiyti ɗum, sibu ɗum addani Bifrannaaɓe waɗde ko heewi e ñamaale, loppitgol e wuyɓe e nder nokku hee caggal wolde nde. Kuulal goɗngal ngal Gowon waɗi e tolno boom petroŋ ko jogaade ko won e yimɓe cikkata ko batte bonɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya e nder duuɓi garooji ɗii, hay so tawii noon batte mum ko yaawi ina famɗi no feewi – dekere makko indigenization e hitaande 1972, nde hollitii geɗe keewɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya ko ɓuri rulimign out- tawtoreede jananɓe e fannuuji keewɗi goɗɗi. Ndee ɗoo yamiroore rokkii nafooje winndereyankooje to Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe jokkondirɓe no feewi kono hollitii wonde ina bonna no feewi e njulaagu ngu wonaa petroŋ e nder faggudu Naajeeriya. Duuɓi ɓaawo konu lesdi Naajeeriya yi’i Naajeeriya heɓi nasaraaku cemmbiɗinki, cemmbiɗinki petroŋ, cemmbiɗinki faggudu nder wakkati man, kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya mawni haa ko meeɗaay heɓuki, bee nanta ɓesdugo ceede ko heɓata nder ceede petroŋ. Kono kadi, ooɗoo sahaa yiytii ɓeydagol jaawngol e njulaagu, ko ɓuri heewde e njulaagu, e nder ardiiɓe laamu fedde ndee ; e hay so tawii hooreejo leydi ndii e hoore mum, hono Seneraal Gowon, meeɗaa yiyeede e golle bonɗe ɗee, omo heewi tuumeede wonde omo ɓuuɓna golle gollotooɓe makko e sehilaaɓe makko. Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1974, e nder luural laaɓtungal e fodoore makko adannde, Gowon hollitii wonde Niiseer heddoraaki laamu siwil haa hitaande 1976, o hollitii kadi wonde ñalngu rokkude laamu nguu maa jokku haa abada. Yanti heen, sabu ɓeydagol birooji, ina woodi tuumeede ɓeydagol njulaagu. Ɓeydagol jawdi e nder leydi ndi addani ɗum en waɗde kaayitaaji naatgol fenaande. Wonno haalaaji tonngoode kaaƴe e ceene naatnaaɗe e nder leydi ndi, e Seneraal Gowon e hoore mum o wiyi e jaayndeyaagal leydi ngoɗndi wonde "caɗeele tan ɗe Naajeeriya jogii ko no o huutortoo kaalis mo o jogii oo." == Haala armada simme == Ko boni e njuɓɓudi laamu Gowon, haa arti noon e haala "armada cement" lolluka, e nder ndunngu 1975, nde porto Lagos wonti jamma, teemedde laanaaji ina njiɗi jippinde semmbe. Won ɗo, agents laamu Naajeeriya siifondirii e 68 liggotooɓe winndereyankooɓe ceertuɓe ngam yettinde fotde 20 miliyoŋ ton semmbe e nder hitaande wootere haa Lagos, hay so tawii noon porto mum ina waawi jaɓde tan ko miliyoŋ ton kargo e hitaande kala. Ko ɓuri bonde nii, nanondiral semmbe ngal moƴƴaani, ina waɗi kuule demurrage (demurrage clauses) moƴƴe no feewi wonande yeeyooɓe ɓee, ɗum firti ko bidsee oo fuɗɗiima ustaade so tawii laanaaji ɗii njooɗiima e porto ina ɗaminii jippinde (walla hay so tawii ɗi njooɗiima e portooji mum en ina ɗaminii yamiroore yahde Niiseer). Laamu leydi Naajeeriya faamaani no feewi mawnugol majjere mum haa laamorgo leydi Lagos ngo yani haa laaɓi cer, haa ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu ina waawi rewde heen. Oon sahaa noon ko juuti. Eɓɓooje mayre ngam salaade nanondiral semmbeeji ɗii e waɗde kuuge kuuɓtodinɗe e kala laanaaji diwooje naatɗi e leydi ndii, haɓɓi leydi ndii e ñaawoore winndere ndee fotde duuɓi keewɗi, haa arti noon e kuulal Ñaawirde Toownde Amerik e hitaande 1983. == Liɓgol == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1975 Ɗeeɗoo bonanndeeji ngaddi mettere mawnde e nder konu nguu. Ñalnde 29 sulyee 1975, nde Gowon tawtortee batu OAU to Kampala, fedde ofiseeji e gardagol kolonel Joe Nanven Garba habri wonde o foolii laamu. Fewnooɓe kuudetaa ɓee toɗɗiima brigadier Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo laamu kesu ngu, e brigadier Olusegun Obasanjo won cukko makko. == Ko o soldaat == == Duuɓi e nder eggol == Gowon caggal ɗuum yahi eggude to leydi Angalteer, ɗo o heɓi doktoraa makko. e ganndal politik nde o woni almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick. Hoɗorde makko ɓurnde mawnude to Angalteer woni ko e keerol worgo Londres e Hertfordshire, ɗo o wonti no feewi e nder renndo Engele en e nokku makko. O waɗii dumunna gardiiɗo ekkol e nder ekkol makko, St Mary la Virgin, Monken Hadley. == Haa warngo Murtala == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1976 eɓɓoore kuudetaa leydi Nijeer == E lewru feebariyee 1976, Murtala Mohammed waraa e kuudetaa mo alaa ko nafi, tawi ko Lietnaa Kolonel Buka Suka Dimka ardii ɗum, tawi ina jeyaa heen Gowon. E wiyde "konngol" Dimka, o hawri e Gowon to Londres, o heɓi ballal e makko ngam kuudetaa oo. Yanti heen, Dimka siftinii ko adii warngo mum wonde faandaare kuudetaa oo ko artirde Gowon hooreejo leydi. Ngam ko ñaawirdu kuudetaa holliti, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu leydi Najeriya ina yiɗi ɗum, o itti ɗum darnde makko tawa o alaa, o taƴaa pension makko. Gowon yaafaama haa ragare, kanko bee hooreejo leydi Biafra gonnooɗo, Emeka Ojukwu, wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre lesdi Shehu Shagari. Darnde seneraal Gowon artiraaka haa hitaande 1987 kono ko seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida. == Nguurndam caggal == == Gowon e hitaande 2007 == Caggal nde o heɓi doktoraa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick, Gowon wonti porfeseer ganndal politik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos e nder cakkital kitaale 1980.Gowon sosi fedde mum e hitaande 1992 ina wiyee Yakubu Gowon Centre. Fedde nde'e wi'i ɗon huuwa dow kuuje nder lesdi Naajeeriya bana laamu booɗɗum bana no nyawji nyawuuji ɗon mari haaje heɓugo nyawji SIDA, nyawuuji gine, e malaria. Yanti heen, Gen. Gowon ina jeyaa kadi e porogaraam ngam haɓaade mborosaaji Gine kam e porogaraam VIH e Fonds mondial de Geneve. == E lewru noowammbar 2020, depitee Tom Tugendhat, == nde o wolwanno dow laamu Naajeeriya dow cemmbiɗinki seppooji mawɗi ɗi 2020 #EndSARS, o tuumi Gowon ngam lootugo "feccere Banki lesdi Naajeeriya" ɓaawo o fooɗi laamu nder kuudetaa 1975.Haala man, ko arandeere nde o yiɗi hawtugo bee Kushop bee Matthewla, ɗon fooɗa e nder jaaynde ngenndiire mawnde wiyeteende Daily Trust sifotoonde haala ka nanndi e majjere ko wayi no "ina saɗi faamde no tergal parlemaa Angalteer teddinaaɗo fotde salte mum, waawi accude hoore mum udditaa e majjere e niɓɓiɗde tuumeede ko aldaa e daliilu, ko aldaa e hakkille e ko haawnii e tuumeede fenaande feewde e Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, the our na'mer to the for nuunɗal e nder nguurndam renndo." Caggal nde laamu Naajeeriya ɗaɓɓiti yaafuye, ɓaawo man, hukuuma lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon sendi hoore maako bee haala kan, o wi'i, "haala ka depitee on wi'i, ɗon holla miijooji laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo laamu lesdi Biritaniya walaa dabare ngam jogaago kuuɗe e haalaaji terɗe Parlemaa." E lewru feebariyee 2024, Gowon, woni sosɗo Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Hirnaange Afrik (ECOWAS) cakkitiiɗo wuurde, noddii fedde nde nde ittata kuuge pawaaɗe e Mali, Burkina Faso e Niiseer, ɗe laamuuji mum en ardinooɗi konu kollitii yaltude leyɗeele mum en e fedde nde ngam jaabaade kuuge ɗe. == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Gowon resi Victoria Zakari, infirmiyee jannguɗo e hitaande 1969 e nder kewu ngu Seth Irunsewe Kale yuɓɓini to Egliis Katedraal Almasiihu, Lagos. == Ƴeew kadi == == portal Nijeer bannge == Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Laamu konu Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966-79 e 1983-99 == Tuugnorgal == 3zudmys4mgvncyxcujlleu92474brq1 176522 176521 2026-06-26T08:12:28Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yakubu Dan'juma "Jack" Gowon GCFR''' (hausa en wi'etee; jibinaa ko 19 Oktoobar 1934) ko seneraal Naajeeriya e dowla, o laati hooreejo konu lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1966 haa 1975.<ref>{{cite news|title=General Yakubu 'Jack' Gowon at 85|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/general-yakubu-jack-gowon-at-85/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2019-11-01|access-date=2024-08-29|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="Britannica" /> Gowon woni hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya, anndiraama kadi konu Biafra ɗo o hokki wolde mawnde "no victor, no vanquished" haa timminorde konu ngam wallugo sembiɗinki e jokkirli. Gowon hollitii wonde o waɗaani hay huunde bonnde e nder wolde nde, kadi ardorde makko hisnii leydi ndii.<ref>{{cite news|title=Did we really have no victor, no vanquished?|url=https://businessday.ng/columnist/article/did-we-really-have-no-victor-no-vanquished/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-07-03|date=2020-07-07|newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=247ureports.com|date=2013-09-22|title=Crimes Against Humanity: Why Yakubu Gowon And Accomplices Should Face Trial|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/crimes-against-humanity-why-yakubu-gowon-and-accomplices-should-face-trial/|access-date=2021-03-14|website=[[News Ghana]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-01-18|last=Wahab|first=Bayo|title=Gowon speaks on civil war, says he didn't commit any crime|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/gowon-speaks-on-civil-war-says-he-didnt-commit-any-crime/wqyzw16|access-date=2021-03-14|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}</ref> Kerecee’en Angalteer. iwde e leñol Ngas tokosol e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, Gowon ko ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, kadi ko goonɗinɗo ngootaagu e ngootaagu Naajeeriya. Ummital maako dow laamu ɓaawo kuugal lesdi 1966, nden o semmbini laamu sooja’en haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeen noon, Gowon woni hooreejo leydi Nijeer ko ɓuri juutde e jokkondire, o laamiima fotde duuɓi jeenay haa o fooli laamu e nder kuudetaa 1975 mo Brigadier Murtala Mohammed waɗi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Archbishop welcomes Nigeria's General Yakubu Gowon to Lambeth Palace|date=2016-09-16|url=https://www.archbishopofcanterbury.org/speaking-and-writing/latest-news/news-archive-2016/archbishop-welcomes-nigerias-general-yakubu|access-date=2024-08-29|website=The Archbishop of Canterbury}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-10-23|title=Nigeria's unity, not negotiable, says Gowon|url=https://punchng.com/nigerias-unity-not-negotiable-says-gowon/|access-date=2021-03-26|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Adewole|first=Segun|date=2021-01-15|title=Pictorial: Key actors of Nigeria's Civil War (1966-1970)|url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-key-actors-of-nigerias-civil-war-1966-1970/|access-date=2025-06-11|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Yakubu Gowon – Nigeria's Prodigious War General|url=https://africa360degrees.com/honour-roll/politics-civil-rights/yakubu-gowon-nigerias-prodigious-war-general/|access-date=2020-05-26|website=Africa 360 Degrees|archive-date=2020-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605082851/https://africa360degrees.com/honour-roll/politics-civil-rights/yakubu-gowon-nigerias-prodigious-war-general/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == Gowon ko Ngas (Angas) ummoriiɗo Lur, wuro tokooso e nder nokku laamu Kanke hannde oo e nder diiwaan Plateau. Jibnaaɓe makko, Nde Yohanna e Matwok Kurnyang, njalti Wusasa, Zaria, ngam wonde misiyoŋaaji fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e balɗe gadane nguurndam Gowon. Baaba makko ina manti nde o resi ñalnde 26 abriil 1923, ñalnde heen dewgal laamɗo Albert e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (caggal ɗuum laamɗo George VI e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth yumma laamɗo). Gowon ko joyaɓo e sukaaɓe sappo e gooto. O mawni ko to Zaria, o heɓi toon nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko gila e cukaagu makko. E nder duɗal, Gowon hollitii wonde ko o daɗndoowo keewɗo faayiida : ko kanko woni gooliiɗo fuku koyɗe duɗal ngal, ko kanko woni dognoowo pole, e dognoowo dingiral juutngal. O fooli limngal kilooji duɗal ngal e hitaande makko adannde. Ko kanko kadi wonnoo kapiteen boksi.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dibdin|first=Emma|date=2021-04-12|title=Take a Deep Dive Into Royal Family History With Our Interactive Windsor Family Tree|url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/a20736482/british-royal-family-tree/|access-date=2021-05-24|website=Town & Country}}</ref> .<ref>''Daily Trust'', 19 October 2004 (Chief Sunday Awoniyi).</ref> == Fuɗɗoode golle == Gowon naati konu leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1954, o heɓi yamiroore makko e wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo ñalnde 19 oktoobar 1955, ñalngu ngu o dañi duuɓi 21. O janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu laamɗo Sandhurst, to Angalteer (1955–56), to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu, to Camberley, to leydi Angalteer (1962) kam e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff, to Latimer, e hitaande 1965. O yi’i golle e nder leydi Konngo e nder fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam, e hitaande 1960 jappeere komandaajo haa hitaande 1966, e oon sahaa o woniino lietnaa kolonel haa jooni. == Kuudetaa 1966 == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1966 E lewru Yarkoma hitaande 1966, o wonti hooreejo konu Naajeeriya ɓurɗo famɗude e duuɓi 31, sabu kuudetaa konu mo fedde ofiseeji tokoosi e gardagol Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu addani laamu siwil Naajeeriya foolde. E nder ndee ɗoo kuudetaa, ko ɓuri heewde e ardiiɓe leyɗeele worgo e hirnaange mbaraama, ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer ; Sir Ahmadu Bello, sardauna mo Sokoto e hooreejo diiwaan worgo; e Samuel Akintola, hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange, Lietnaa Kolonel Artur Unegbe e woɗɓe heewɓe. Ndeen Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon artii e kursus mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff College, Latimer UK balɗe ɗiɗi ko adii kuudetaa oo – gargol mum ko juuti, ina gasa tawa ina waawi ittude mo e doggol hitooɓe Staff) ngam jaɓɓaade ɗaɓɓaande Fuɗnaange ngam ñaawde kuudetaa ɓeydii tikkere Fuɗnaange. Ballal mawngal ina woodi wonande pelle kuudetaaji ɗii ummoraade e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo kam e jaayndeeji "Lagos-Ibadan" ɓurɗi heewde bannge nano. == Kuudetaa konte lewru juko == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1966 kuudetaa Nijeer == Ndeen arii Decree Aguyi Ironsi limre 34, nde holliti ittugol laamu fedde ndee ngam wallitde dowla gooto, darnde nde won e yimɓe Hoɗɓe-haa teeŋti e taƴre mawnde e nder Diiso ngenndiijo Igbo-dominated of Nigeria e Southerns (NCNC) firti ɗum wrong a Northerns[18][18] (haa teeŋti e Igbo) etaade heɓtude denndaangal leƴƴi laamu e nder leydi ndii. Fuɗnaange-rewo ina woɗɗi no feewi diiwanuuji Hirnaange e Fuɗnaange to bannge jaŋde (feccere e mum en ko sabu reentaade doosɗe lislaam e ethos pinal e renndo hirnaange), tawi noon ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange-Igbo en ina tawtoree tawo e nder sarwisaaji laamu fedde ndee. Anniya Murtala Mohammed e wondiiɓe mum waɗooɓe kuudetaa ko ngam ƴellitde seerndude diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e Naajeeriya fof, kono caggal ɗuum ɓe ndartinii peeje maɓɓe e wasiyaaji keewɗi, e nder heen ko heewi e gollotooɓe laamu toowɓe e ñaawooɓe e nder laamuuji Naajeeriya, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko poliseeji Amerik ofiseeji sukaaɓe ndeen pelliti innirde Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon, mo nganndu-ɗaa alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa tawtoreede kewuuji haa ndeen, hooreejo leydi Najeriya. Nde o ummii e laamu Gowon wayli Ironsi mo o woppi doosgal fedde nde. == Hooreejo leydi == E hitaande 1966, Gowon suɓaa yo won hooreejo leydi. Haa e oon sahaa, Gowon ina heddii e wonde soldaat jom golle mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa politik, haa nde kewuuji muusɗi ɗii mbaɗi e hitaande ndee, ɗoon e ɗoon, o waɗti mo e darnde ardorde, nde tawnoo ko o baawɗo wonde fof, ko o neɗɗo worgo, mo wonaano Hausa walla Fulani, mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa iwdi Islaam mo yimɓe mum ina ɓuuɓtoo e jiiɓru leƴƴi. Gowon ɓamti hoore maako laabi ɗiɗi dow hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Gowon wonnoo ko Lietnaa Kolonel nde o ummii e laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Naajeeriya ñalnde 1 lewru nduu hitaande 1966, kono ofiseeji mawɗi goɗɗi ko wayi no Komodor Joseph Wey, Brigadier Babafemi Ogundipe, e Kolonel Robert Adebayo ko e nder laamu mawngu nguu e militeeruuji maɓɓe. Ngam dartinde darnde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi, Gowon ƴetti hoore mum, o wonti Major-General ko adii nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele fuɗɗotoo e hitaande 1967, o wonti Seneraal timmuɗo e joofnirde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1970. == Ardiiɗo wolde nder leydi == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Hare nder leydi Najeriya == E nder fawaade e ceergal fuɗnaange, Gowon yahri ko yaawi ngam leefɗinde ballal diiwaan oo, o yamiri sosde dowlaaji kesi sappo e ɗiɗi ngam lomtaade diiwanuuji nay ɗii. Jeegom e ɗeen dowlaaji ina njogii pelle tokoose ɗe ɗaɓɓunoo sosde dowla gila e kitaale 1950. Gowon hiisiima no haanirta nii wonde leƴƴi pamari fuɗnaange ɗii mballataa Igbos en e dow tiiɗnaare, sibu ina mbaawi jogaade dowlaaji mum en so tawii darnde seertude ndee foolaama. Heewɓe e konu fedde nde haɓannoo e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, anndiraande kadi wolde Biafran, ngam artirde diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e fedde nde, ko terɗe pelle tokoose. Hare ndee waɗii lebbi capanɗe tati, nde joofi ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1970. E jaɓde darnde Biafra nde aldaa e sarɗi, Gowon hollitii wonde alaa fof ɗo fooli, alaa ɗo fooli. E nder ngool ruuhu, duuɓi caggal ɗuum bayyinaa ko yonta moƴƴitingol, moƴƴitingol, e nanondiral. Boom coggu petroŋ, puɗɗinooɗo sabu ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ (ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu leydi ndii) e nder luumo winndereejo e hitaande 1973, ɓeydi mbaawka laamu fedde ndee e ƴettude ɗeen golle. Wonno ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e worgo, tawi ko Gowon ardii ɗum. Ñalnde 4–5 lewru Yarkomaa 1967, e dow ɗaɓɓaande hooreejo leydi Biafran, hono Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, ngam hawrude e jeewte tan ko e leydi ndi alaa ko woni e mum, batu ngu Gowon, Ojukwu e terɗe goɗɗe e nder Goomu Toowngu Konu nguu tawtoraama, yuɓɓinaama to Aburi to leydi Gana, faandaare mum hollitaama ko ngam haɓaade leydi Nijeer fedde diiwanuuji. Dañal ngalɗoo batu ko nanondiral Aburi. Nanondiral Aburi ngal yi’aani lewru, sibu laamu ngu Gowon ardii ngu ina joginoo miijo mawngo e ngalu potngu heɓeede, haa teeŋti noon e ngalu petroŋ ngu ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydo sibu ko resooji njiytaa e nokku hee e nder cagataagal kitaale 1960. Wi'aama walaa ko laarani tabitinki, Gowon e Ojukwu fuu ɗon mari anndal dow ko laarani limngal petrolji mawɗi nder nokkuure nde'e, nde hannde mawni haa laati limngal faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. == Naatgol hakkunde hirnaange hitaande 1967 == E nder doggol ngam ƴeewtaade batte laamu Ojukwu to Fuɗnaange, Gowon anndinii ñalnde 5 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 feccere diiwanuuji tati Naajeeriya ɗii e nder diiwanuuji 12 : Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Kano, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-Cakaari, Diiwanuuji Benue-Plateau, Diiwanuuji Kwaster, Diiwanuuji LadW e Diiwanuuji Hirnaange Diiwaan Fuɗnaange Ojukwu, Dowla Rivers, Dowla Fuɗnaange-rewo, e Dowla Fuɗnaange-Caka. Dowlaaji ɗi ngonaa Igbo en Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange e Maayooji ɗi njoginoo restoraaji petroŋ e jokkondiral e maayo, ndartinaama ngam seerndude nokkuuji Igbo en ɗii no dowri Fuɗnaange-Cakaari nii.Gooto e geɗe luulndiiɗe ɗeeɗoo golle ko Gowon ƴettiti Port Harcourt, wuro mawngo e nder Niger Delta e Ikwejares Fuɗnaange, e nder Ikwejares Sud, e nder leydi Niger Reserves Naajeeriya ɓurduɗe mawnugo, nder lesdi Rivers kesum, ɗon semmbiɗina ɗuuɗal yimɓe Igbo'en wurooɓe ton. Doggol heewɓe e maɓɓe ngarta e gure mum en to "Igbo heartland" to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ɗo ɓe njiyri ɓurde kisal, ina tuumaa ko luural wonande politik Gowon "no victor, no vanquished", nde wonnoo e joofnirde wolde ndee, jawdi ndi ɓe ngoppi ndii, ko ɓiɓɓe leydi Rivers State mbiyata ɗum. Hakkunde darorɗe lewru sulyee 1967, konu fedde nde e konu leydi Nijeer nanngi duunde Bonny e nder diiwaan Niiseer, ɓe keɓi heen doole mum en e nokkuuji Shell-BP baɗɗi faayiida. Golle ɗee puɗɗii kadi e lewru mee 1968, nde Nijeer heɓti Port Harcourt. Koɗki mayri bonniino, ina haani feewnireede. Pewnugol e njeeygu petroŋ ina jokki, kono ko e tolno les. Timmingol e hitaande 1969 terminal keso to Forçados addani peewnugol ngol ɓeydaade gila e 142 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1958 haa 540 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1969. E hitaande 1970, ngolɗoo limoore ɓeydiima laabi ɗiɗi haa 1,08 miliyoŋ barel/ñalngu. Leƴƴi tokoosi e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɗii, ɓuri waawde wonde ko ɗi ngonaa sanguine en e ko fayti e seertude, sibu ɗum firtata ko wuurde e nder ko ɓe cikkata ko leñol ngol Igbo en ɓuri heewde. Woɓɓe ɓe naa Igbo'en jooɗiiɓe nder diiwal Fuunaange, ɓe ɗon ƴama ballal cemmbiɗngal haa hare Biafra, malla boo ɓe mballiri bannge fedde nde ngam ɓe nasta nder konu Naajeeriya, ɓe hokka ɗum anndal dow kuuɗe konu Biafran. Kono won heen mbaɗii geɗe tiiɗɗe e laamu Biafra, tawi N.U. Akpan ina woni Sekereteer laamu nguu, Lietnaa Kolonel (caggal ɗuum Major-Seneraal) Philip Effiong, ina woni hooreejo konu Biafra e woɗɓe hono mawɓe Bassey e Graham-Douglas ina ngondi e golle maantiniiɗe goɗɗe. Ñalnde 30 mee 1967, Ojukwu jaabtii bayyinaango Gowon ngoo, o bayyini seertude Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa hannde ko Republique de Biafra. Ɗumɗoon noon ko ngam fuɗɗoraade hare duumotoonde fotde lebbi 30, e yiyde maayde ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 soldaat fedde ndee e miliyoŋaaji tati hareeji e siwil en Biafran, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe maayi ko e heege e nder njiimaandi leydi Nijeer. Hare nden yi'i yaajingo mawngo nder konu Naajeeriya nder mawnugo e ɓesdaari mawɗum nder softugo konu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo konu lesdi Naajeeriya jibinaama nder wolde nden. Kono, luural mawngal ina taarii golle weeyo ɗe konu leydi Najeriya, nde tawnoo hoɗɓe heewɓe e leydi Biafra, ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe Croix-Rouge, misiyoŋaaji janani e jaayndiyankooɓe, ina tuuma konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e haɓaade yimɓe siwil en, nokkuuji ballondiral e nokkuuji luumooji. Gowon yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e dow deeƴre, yantude e haalaaji ɗi konu makko waɗi ko wayi no warngooji, warngooji keewɗi e yimɓe siwil en e loppitgol keewngol e nokkuuji ɗi ɓe keɓi ɗii ; kono gooto e komanndaaji makko e sahaa wolde, hono Benjamin Adekunle ina wayi no rokkii heen seeɗa hoolaare e ɗeen haalaaji e nder deftere mum, tawi ina yaafnoo ɗum en wonde ko geɗe wolde ɗe ngalaa nafoore. == "Alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa jaaliiɗo" == == Gowon e hitaande 1966 == Hare ndee joofi ko ñalnde 13 lewru bowte hitaande 1970, nde Kolonel Olusegun Obasanjo jaɓi dokkugol konu Biafran. Janngo mum, Obasanjo hollitii ngonka kaa e rajo gonnooɗo rebel en Rajo Biafra Enugu. Gowon caggal ɗuum waɗi konngol mum lollungol "alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa foolɗo", o rewi heen ko yaafuya wonande ko ɓuri heewde e tawtoranooɓe fitinaaji Biafra, kam e porogaraam "Njoɓdi, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol", ngam feewnude bonneede mawɗe baɗnooɗe e duuɓi dufragi e nder dufragi konno. Won e ɗeen golle meeɗaa yaltude e alluwal diidi. Ko jiidaa e ɗuum, politik laamu Gen. Gowon ngam accude tan ko 20 pounds wonande Biafrannaaɓe jogiiɓe konte banke e nder leydi Nijeer ko adii wolde, tawa ko e dow ballal kaalis gooto, ko ɗum huunde nde liggotooɓe ballal caggal leydi e nokkuuji ɗii fof njiyti ɗum, sibu ɗum addani Bifrannaaɓe waɗde ko heewi e ñamaale, loppitgol e wuyɓe e nder nokku hee caggal wolde nde. Kuulal goɗngal ngal Gowon waɗi e tolno boom petroŋ ko jogaade ko won e yimɓe cikkata ko batte bonɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya e nder duuɓi garooji ɗii, hay so tawii noon batte mum ko yaawi ina famɗi no feewi – dekere makko indigenization e hitaande 1972, nde hollitii geɗe keewɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya ko ɓuri rulimign out- tawtoreede jananɓe e fannuuji keewɗi goɗɗi. Ndee ɗoo yamiroore rokkii nafooje winndereyankooje to Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe jokkondirɓe no feewi kono hollitii wonde ina bonna no feewi e njulaagu ngu wonaa petroŋ e nder faggudu Naajeeriya. Duuɓi ɓaawo konu lesdi Naajeeriya yi’i Naajeeriya heɓi nasaraaku cemmbiɗinki, cemmbiɗinki petroŋ, cemmbiɗinki faggudu nder wakkati man, kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya mawni haa ko meeɗaay heɓuki, bee nanta ɓesdugo ceede ko heɓata nder ceede petroŋ. Kono kadi, ooɗoo sahaa yiytii ɓeydagol jaawngol e njulaagu, ko ɓuri heewde e njulaagu, e nder ardiiɓe laamu fedde ndee ; e hay so tawii hooreejo leydi ndii e hoore mum, hono Seneraal Gowon, meeɗaa yiyeede e golle bonɗe ɗee, omo heewi tuumeede wonde omo ɓuuɓna golle gollotooɓe makko e sehilaaɓe makko. Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1974, e nder luural laaɓtungal e fodoore makko adannde, Gowon hollitii wonde Niiseer heddoraaki laamu siwil haa hitaande 1976, o hollitii kadi wonde ñalngu rokkude laamu nguu maa jokku haa abada. Yanti heen, sabu ɓeydagol birooji, ina woodi tuumeede ɓeydagol njulaagu. Ɓeydagol jawdi e nder leydi ndi addani ɗum en waɗde kaayitaaji naatgol fenaande. Wonno haalaaji tonngoode kaaƴe e ceene naatnaaɗe e nder leydi ndi, e Seneraal Gowon e hoore mum o wiyi e jaayndeyaagal leydi ngoɗndi wonde "caɗeele tan ɗe Naajeeriya jogii ko no o huutortoo kaalis mo o jogii oo." == Haala armada simme == Ko boni e njuɓɓudi laamu Gowon, haa arti noon e haala "armada cement" lolluka, e nder ndunngu 1975, nde porto Lagos wonti jamma, teemedde laanaaji ina njiɗi jippinde semmbe. Won ɗo, agents laamu Naajeeriya siifondirii e 68 liggotooɓe winndereyankooɓe ceertuɓe ngam yettinde fotde 20 miliyoŋ ton semmbe e nder hitaande wootere haa Lagos, hay so tawii noon porto mum ina waawi jaɓde tan ko miliyoŋ ton kargo e hitaande kala. Ko ɓuri bonde nii, nanondiral semmbe ngal moƴƴaani, ina waɗi kuule demurrage (demurrage clauses) moƴƴe no feewi wonande yeeyooɓe ɓee, ɗum firti ko bidsee oo fuɗɗiima ustaade so tawii laanaaji ɗii njooɗiima e porto ina ɗaminii jippinde (walla hay so tawii ɗi njooɗiima e portooji mum en ina ɗaminii yamiroore yahde Niiseer). Laamu leydi Naajeeriya faamaani no feewi mawnugol majjere mum haa laamorgo leydi Lagos ngo yani haa laaɓi cer, haa ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu ina waawi rewde heen. Oon sahaa noon ko juuti. Eɓɓooje mayre ngam salaade nanondiral semmbeeji ɗii e waɗde kuuge kuuɓtodinɗe e kala laanaaji diwooje naatɗi e leydi ndii, haɓɓi leydi ndii e ñaawoore winndere ndee fotde duuɓi keewɗi, haa arti noon e kuulal Ñaawirde Toownde Amerik e hitaande 1983. == Liɓgol == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1975 Ɗeeɗoo bonanndeeji ngaddi mettere mawnde e nder konu nguu. Ñalnde 29 sulyee 1975, nde Gowon tawtortee batu OAU to Kampala, fedde ofiseeji e gardagol kolonel Joe Nanven Garba habri wonde o foolii laamu. Fewnooɓe kuudetaa ɓee toɗɗiima brigadier Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo laamu kesu ngu, e brigadier Olusegun Obasanjo won cukko makko. == Ko o soldaat == == Duuɓi e nder eggol == Gowon caggal ɗuum yahi eggude to leydi Angalteer, ɗo o heɓi doktoraa makko. e ganndal politik nde o woni almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick. Hoɗorde makko ɓurnde mawnude to Angalteer woni ko e keerol worgo Londres e Hertfordshire, ɗo o wonti no feewi e nder renndo Engele en e nokku makko. O waɗii dumunna gardiiɗo ekkol e nder ekkol makko, St Mary la Virgin, Monken Hadley. == Haa warngo Murtala == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1976 eɓɓoore kuudetaa leydi Nijeer == E lewru feebariyee 1976, Murtala Mohammed waraa e kuudetaa mo alaa ko nafi, tawi ko Lietnaa Kolonel Buka Suka Dimka ardii ɗum, tawi ina jeyaa heen Gowon. E wiyde "konngol" Dimka, o hawri e Gowon to Londres, o heɓi ballal e makko ngam kuudetaa oo. Yanti heen, Dimka siftinii ko adii warngo mum wonde faandaare kuudetaa oo ko artirde Gowon hooreejo leydi. Ngam ko ñaawirdu kuudetaa holliti, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu leydi Najeriya ina yiɗi ɗum, o itti ɗum darnde makko tawa o alaa, o taƴaa pension makko. Gowon yaafaama haa ragare, kanko bee hooreejo leydi Biafra gonnooɗo, Emeka Ojukwu, wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre lesdi Shehu Shagari. Darnde seneraal Gowon artiraaka haa hitaande 1987 kono ko seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida. == Nguurndam caggal == == Gowon e hitaande 2007 == Caggal nde o heɓi doktoraa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick, Gowon wonti porfeseer ganndal politik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos e nder cakkital kitaale 1980.Gowon sosi fedde mum e hitaande 1992 ina wiyee Yakubu Gowon Centre. Fedde nde'e wi'i ɗon huuwa dow kuuje nder lesdi Naajeeriya bana laamu booɗɗum bana no nyawji nyawuuji ɗon mari haaje heɓugo nyawji SIDA, nyawuuji gine, e malaria. Yanti heen, Gen. Gowon ina jeyaa kadi e porogaraam ngam haɓaade mborosaaji Gine kam e porogaraam VIH e Fonds mondial de Geneve. == E lewru noowammbar 2020, depitee Tom Tugendhat, == nde o wolwanno dow laamu Naajeeriya dow cemmbiɗinki seppooji mawɗi ɗi 2020 #EndSARS, o tuumi Gowon ngam lootugo "feccere Banki lesdi Naajeeriya" ɓaawo o fooɗi laamu nder kuudetaa 1975.Haala man, ko arandeere nde o yiɗi hawtugo bee Kushop bee Matthewla, ɗon fooɗa e nder jaaynde ngenndiire mawnde wiyeteende Daily Trust sifotoonde haala ka nanndi e majjere ko wayi no "ina saɗi faamde no tergal parlemaa Angalteer teddinaaɗo fotde salte mum, waawi accude hoore mum udditaa e majjere e niɓɓiɗde tuumeede ko aldaa e daliilu, ko aldaa e hakkille e ko haawnii e tuumeede fenaande feewde e Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, the our na'mer to the for nuunɗal e nder nguurndam renndo." Caggal nde laamu Naajeeriya ɗaɓɓiti yaafuye, ɓaawo man, hukuuma lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon sendi hoore maako bee haala kan, o wi'i, "haala ka depitee on wi'i, ɗon holla miijooji laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo laamu lesdi Biritaniya walaa dabare ngam jogaago kuuɗe e haalaaji terɗe Parlemaa." E lewru feebariyee 2024, Gowon, woni sosɗo Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Hirnaange Afrik (ECOWAS) cakkitiiɗo wuurde, noddii fedde nde nde ittata kuuge pawaaɗe e Mali, Burkina Faso e Niiseer, ɗe laamuuji mum en ardinooɗi konu kollitii yaltude leyɗeele mum en e fedde nde ngam jaabaade kuuge ɗe. == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Gowon resi Victoria Zakari, infirmiyee jannguɗo e hitaande 1969 e nder kewu ngu Seth Irunsewe Kale yuɓɓini to Egliis Katedraal Almasiihu, Lagos. == Ƴeew kadi == == portal Nijeer bannge == Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Laamu konu Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966-79 e 1983-99 == Tuugnorgal == cttp0qe9ly4xgjzsqprb4sqwbd8hn8g 176523 176522 2026-06-26T08:15:26Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yakubu Dan'juma "Jack" Gowon GCFR''' (hausa en wi'etee; jibinaa ko 19 Oktoobar 1934) ko seneraal Naajeeriya e dowla, o laati hooreejo konu lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1966 haa 1975.<ref>{{cite news|title=General Yakubu 'Jack' Gowon at 85|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/general-yakubu-jack-gowon-at-85/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2019-11-01|access-date=2024-08-29|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="Britannica" /> Gowon woni hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya, anndiraama kadi konu Biafra ɗo o hokki wolde mawnde "no victor, no vanquished" haa timminorde konu ngam wallugo sembiɗinki e jokkirli. Gowon hollitii wonde o waɗaani hay huunde bonnde e nder wolde nde, kadi ardorde makko hisnii leydi ndii.<ref>{{cite news|title=Did we really have no victor, no vanquished?|url=https://businessday.ng/columnist/article/did-we-really-have-no-victor-no-vanquished/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-07-03|date=2020-07-07|newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=247ureports.com|date=2013-09-22|title=Crimes Against Humanity: Why Yakubu Gowon And Accomplices Should Face Trial|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/crimes-against-humanity-why-yakubu-gowon-and-accomplices-should-face-trial/|access-date=2021-03-14|website=[[News Ghana]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-01-18|last=Wahab|first=Bayo|title=Gowon speaks on civil war, says he didn't commit any crime|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/gowon-speaks-on-civil-war-says-he-didnt-commit-any-crime/wqyzw16|access-date=2021-03-14|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}</ref> Kerecee’en Angalteer. iwde e leñol Ngas tokosol e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, Gowon ko ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, kadi ko goonɗinɗo ngootaagu e ngootaagu Naajeeriya. Ummital maako dow laamu ɓaawo kuugal lesdi 1966, nden o semmbini laamu sooja’en haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeen noon, Gowon woni hooreejo leydi Nijeer ko ɓuri juutde e jokkondire, o laamiima fotde duuɓi jeenay haa o fooli laamu e nder kuudetaa 1975 mo Brigadier Murtala Mohammed waɗi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Archbishop welcomes Nigeria's General Yakubu Gowon to Lambeth Palace|date=2016-09-16|url=https://www.archbishopofcanterbury.org/speaking-and-writing/latest-news/news-archive-2016/archbishop-welcomes-nigerias-general-yakubu|access-date=2024-08-29|website=The Archbishop of Canterbury}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-10-23|title=Nigeria's unity, not negotiable, says Gowon|url=https://punchng.com/nigerias-unity-not-negotiable-says-gowon/|access-date=2021-03-26|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Adewole|first=Segun|date=2021-01-15|title=Pictorial: Key actors of Nigeria's Civil War (1966-1970)|url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-key-actors-of-nigerias-civil-war-1966-1970/|access-date=2025-06-11|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Yakubu Gowon – Nigeria's Prodigious War General|url=https://africa360degrees.com/honour-roll/politics-civil-rights/yakubu-gowon-nigerias-prodigious-war-general/|access-date=2020-05-26|website=Africa 360 Degrees|archive-date=2020-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605082851/https://africa360degrees.com/honour-roll/politics-civil-rights/yakubu-gowon-nigerias-prodigious-war-general/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == Gowon ko Ngas (Angas) ummoriiɗo Lur, wuro tokooso e nder nokku laamu Kanke hannde oo e nder diiwaan Plateau. Jibnaaɓe makko, Nde Yohanna e Matwok Kurnyang, njalti Wusasa, Zaria, ngam wonde misiyoŋaaji fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e balɗe gadane nguurndam Gowon. Baaba makko ina manti nde o resi ñalnde 26 abriil 1923, ñalnde heen dewgal laamɗo Albert e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (caggal ɗuum laamɗo George VI e laamɗo debbo Elizabeth yumma laamɗo). Gowon ko joyaɓo e sukaaɓe sappo e gooto. O mawni ko to Zaria, o heɓi toon nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko gila e cukaagu makko. E nder duɗal, Gowon hollitii wonde ko o daɗndoowo keewɗo faayiida : ko kanko woni gooliiɗo fuku koyɗe duɗal ngal, ko kanko woni dognoowo pole, e dognoowo dingiral juutngal. O fooli limngal kilooji duɗal ngal e hitaande makko adannde. Ko kanko kadi wonnoo kapiteen boksi.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dibdin|first=Emma|date=2021-04-12|title=Take a Deep Dive Into Royal Family History With Our Interactive Windsor Family Tree|url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/a20736482/british-royal-family-tree/|access-date=2021-05-24|website=Town & Country}}</ref> .<ref>''Daily Trust'', 19 October 2004 (Chief Sunday Awoniyi).</ref> == Fuɗɗoode golle == Gowon naati konu leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1954, o heɓi yamiroore makko e wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo ñalnde 19 oktoobar 1955, ñalngu ngu o dañi duuɓi 21. O janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu laamɗo Sandhurst, to Angalteer (1955–56), to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu, to Camberley, to leydi Angalteer (1962) kam e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff, to Latimer, e hitaande 1965. O yi’i golle e nder leydi Konngo e nder fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam, e hitaande 1960 jappeere komandaajo haa hitaande 1966, e oon sahaa o woniino lietnaa kolonel haa jooni..<ref>Forsyth, Frederick. ''Biafra Story'', Leo Cooper, 2001. {{ISBN|0-85052-854-2}}.</ref> == Kuudetaa 1966 == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1966 E lewru Yarkoma hitaande 1966, o wonti hooreejo konu Naajeeriya ɓurɗo famɗude e duuɓi 31, sabu kuudetaa konu mo fedde ofiseeji tokoosi e gardagol Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu addani laamu siwil Naajeeriya foolde. E nder ndee ɗoo kuudetaa, ko ɓuri heewde e ardiiɓe leyɗeele worgo e hirnaange mbaraama, ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer ; Sir Ahmadu Bello, sardauna mo Sokoto e hooreejo diiwaan worgo; e Samuel Akintola, hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange, Lietnaa Kolonel Artur Unegbe e woɗɓe heewɓe. Ndeen Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon artii e kursus mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Joint Staff College, Latimer UK balɗe ɗiɗi ko adii kuudetaa oo – gargol mum ko juuti, ina gasa tawa ina waawi ittude mo e doggol hitooɓe Staff) ngam jaɓɓaade ɗaɓɓaande Fuɗnaange ngam ñaawde kuudetaa ɓeydii tikkere Fuɗnaange. Ballal mawngal ina woodi wonande pelle kuudetaaji ɗii ummoraade e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo kam e jaayndeeji "Lagos-Ibadan" ɓurɗi heewde bannge nano. == Kuudetaa konte lewru juko == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1966 kuudetaa Nijeer == Ndeen arii Decree Aguyi Ironsi limre 34, nde holliti ittugol laamu fedde ndee ngam wallitde dowla gooto, darnde nde won e yimɓe Hoɗɓe-haa teeŋti e taƴre mawnde e nder Diiso ngenndiijo Igbo-dominated of Nigeria e Southerns (NCNC) firti ɗum wrong a Northerns[18][18] (haa teeŋti e Igbo) etaade heɓtude denndaangal leƴƴi laamu e nder leydi ndii. Fuɗnaange-rewo ina woɗɗi no feewi diiwanuuji Hirnaange e Fuɗnaange to bannge jaŋde (feccere e mum en ko sabu reentaade doosɗe lislaam e ethos pinal e renndo hirnaange), tawi noon ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange-Igbo en ina tawtoree tawo e nder sarwisaaji laamu fedde ndee. Anniya Murtala Mohammed e wondiiɓe mum waɗooɓe kuudetaa ko ngam ƴellitde seerndude diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e Naajeeriya fof, kono caggal ɗuum ɓe ndartinii peeje maɓɓe e wasiyaaji keewɗi, e nder heen ko heewi e gollotooɓe laamu toowɓe e ñaawooɓe e nder laamuuji Naajeeriya, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko poliseeji Amerik ofiseeji sukaaɓe ndeen pelliti innirde Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon, mo nganndu-ɗaa alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa tawtoreede kewuuji haa ndeen, hooreejo leydi Najeriya. Nde o ummii e laamu Gowon wayli Ironsi mo o woppi doosgal fedde nde. == Hooreejo leydi == E hitaande 1966, Gowon suɓaa yo won hooreejo leydi. Haa e oon sahaa, Gowon ina heddii e wonde soldaat jom golle mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa politik, haa nde kewuuji muusɗi ɗii mbaɗi e hitaande ndee, ɗoon e ɗoon, o waɗti mo e darnde ardorde, nde tawnoo ko o baawɗo wonde fof, ko o neɗɗo worgo, mo wonaano Hausa walla Fulani, mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa iwdi Islaam mo yimɓe mum ina ɓuuɓtoo e jiiɓru leƴƴi. Gowon ɓamti hoore maako laabi ɗiɗi dow hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Gowon wonnoo ko Lietnaa Kolonel nde o ummii e laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Naajeeriya ñalnde 1 lewru nduu hitaande 1966, kono ofiseeji mawɗi goɗɗi ko wayi no Komodor Joseph Wey, Brigadier Babafemi Ogundipe, e Kolonel Robert Adebayo ko e nder laamu mawngu nguu e militeeruuji maɓɓe. Ngam dartinde darnde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi, Gowon ƴetti hoore mum, o wonti Major-General ko adii nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele fuɗɗotoo e hitaande 1967, o wonti Seneraal timmuɗo e joofnirde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1970. == Ardiiɗo wolde nder leydi == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Hare nder leydi Najeriya == E nder fawaade e ceergal fuɗnaange, Gowon yahri ko yaawi ngam leefɗinde ballal diiwaan oo, o yamiri sosde dowlaaji kesi sappo e ɗiɗi ngam lomtaade diiwanuuji nay ɗii. Jeegom e ɗeen dowlaaji ina njogii pelle tokoose ɗe ɗaɓɓunoo sosde dowla gila e kitaale 1950. Gowon hiisiima no haanirta nii wonde leƴƴi pamari fuɗnaange ɗii mballataa Igbos en e dow tiiɗnaare, sibu ina mbaawi jogaade dowlaaji mum en so tawii darnde seertude ndee foolaama. Heewɓe e konu fedde nde haɓannoo e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, anndiraande kadi wolde Biafran, ngam artirde diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo e fedde nde, ko terɗe pelle tokoose. Hare ndee waɗii lebbi capanɗe tati, nde joofi ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1970. E jaɓde darnde Biafra nde aldaa e sarɗi, Gowon hollitii wonde alaa fof ɗo fooli, alaa ɗo fooli. E nder ngool ruuhu, duuɓi caggal ɗuum bayyinaa ko yonta moƴƴitingol, moƴƴitingol, e nanondiral. Boom coggu petroŋ, puɗɗinooɗo sabu ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ (ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu leydi ndii) e nder luumo winndereejo e hitaande 1973, ɓeydi mbaawka laamu fedde ndee e ƴettude ɗeen golle. Wonno ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e worgo, tawi ko Gowon ardii ɗum. Ñalnde 4–5 lewru Yarkomaa 1967, e dow ɗaɓɓaande hooreejo leydi Biafran, hono Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, ngam hawrude e jeewte tan ko e leydi ndi alaa ko woni e mum, batu ngu Gowon, Ojukwu e terɗe goɗɗe e nder Goomu Toowngu Konu nguu tawtoraama, yuɓɓinaama to Aburi to leydi Gana, faandaare mum hollitaama ko ngam haɓaade leydi Nijeer fedde diiwanuuji. Dañal ngalɗoo batu ko nanondiral Aburi. Nanondiral Aburi ngal yi’aani lewru, sibu laamu ngu Gowon ardii ngu ina joginoo miijo mawngo e ngalu potngu heɓeede, haa teeŋti noon e ngalu petroŋ ngu ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydo sibu ko resooji njiytaa e nokku hee e nder cagataagal kitaale 1960. Wi'aama walaa ko laarani tabitinki, Gowon e Ojukwu fuu ɗon mari anndal dow ko laarani limngal petrolji mawɗi nder nokkuure nde'e, nde hannde mawni haa laati limngal faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. == Naatgol hakkunde hirnaange hitaande 1967 == E nder doggol ngam ƴeewtaade batte laamu Ojukwu to Fuɗnaange, Gowon anndinii ñalnde 5 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 feccere diiwanuuji tati Naajeeriya ɗii e nder diiwanuuji 12 : Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-rewo, Diiwanuuji Kano, Diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-Cakaari, Diiwanuuji Benue-Plateau, Diiwanuuji Kwaster, Diiwanuuji LadW e Diiwanuuji Hirnaange Diiwaan Fuɗnaange Ojukwu, Dowla Rivers, Dowla Fuɗnaange-rewo, e Dowla Fuɗnaange-Caka. Dowlaaji ɗi ngonaa Igbo en Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange e Maayooji ɗi njoginoo restoraaji petroŋ e jokkondiral e maayo, ndartinaama ngam seerndude nokkuuji Igbo en ɗii no dowri Fuɗnaange-Cakaari nii.Gooto e geɗe luulndiiɗe ɗeeɗoo golle ko Gowon ƴettiti Port Harcourt, wuro mawngo e nder Niger Delta e Ikwejares Fuɗnaange, e nder Ikwejares Sud, e nder leydi Niger Reserves Naajeeriya ɓurduɗe mawnugo, nder lesdi Rivers kesum, ɗon semmbiɗina ɗuuɗal yimɓe Igbo'en wurooɓe ton. Doggol heewɓe e maɓɓe ngarta e gure mum en to "Igbo heartland" to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ɗo ɓe njiyri ɓurde kisal, ina tuumaa ko luural wonande politik Gowon "no victor, no vanquished", nde wonnoo e joofnirde wolde ndee, jawdi ndi ɓe ngoppi ndii, ko ɓiɓɓe leydi Rivers State mbiyata ɗum. Hakkunde darorɗe lewru sulyee 1967, konu fedde nde e konu leydi Nijeer nanngi duunde Bonny e nder diiwaan Niiseer, ɓe keɓi heen doole mum en e nokkuuji Shell-BP baɗɗi faayiida. Golle ɗee puɗɗii kadi e lewru mee 1968, nde Nijeer heɓti Port Harcourt. Koɗki mayri bonniino, ina haani feewnireede. Pewnugol e njeeygu petroŋ ina jokki, kono ko e tolno les. Timmingol e hitaande 1969 terminal keso to Forçados addani peewnugol ngol ɓeydaade gila e 142 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1958 haa 540 000 barel/ñalngu e hitaande 1969. E hitaande 1970, ngolɗoo limoore ɓeydiima laabi ɗiɗi haa 1,08 miliyoŋ barel/ñalngu. Leƴƴi tokoosi e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɗii, ɓuri waawde wonde ko ɗi ngonaa sanguine en e ko fayti e seertude, sibu ɗum firtata ko wuurde e nder ko ɓe cikkata ko leñol ngol Igbo en ɓuri heewde. Woɓɓe ɓe naa Igbo'en jooɗiiɓe nder diiwal Fuunaange, ɓe ɗon ƴama ballal cemmbiɗngal haa hare Biafra, malla boo ɓe mballiri bannge fedde nde ngam ɓe nasta nder konu Naajeeriya, ɓe hokka ɗum anndal dow kuuɗe konu Biafran. Kono won heen mbaɗii geɗe tiiɗɗe e laamu Biafra, tawi N.U. Akpan ina woni Sekereteer laamu nguu, Lietnaa Kolonel (caggal ɗuum Major-Seneraal) Philip Effiong, ina woni hooreejo konu Biafra e woɗɓe hono mawɓe Bassey e Graham-Douglas ina ngondi e golle maantiniiɗe goɗɗe. Ñalnde 30 mee 1967, Ojukwu jaabtii bayyinaango Gowon ngoo, o bayyini seertude Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa hannde ko Republique de Biafra. Ɗumɗoon noon ko ngam fuɗɗoraade hare duumotoonde fotde lebbi 30, e yiyde maayde ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 soldaat fedde ndee e miliyoŋaaji tati hareeji e siwil en Biafran, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe maayi ko e heege e nder njiimaandi leydi Nijeer. Hare nden yi'i yaajingo mawngo nder konu Naajeeriya nder mawnugo e ɓesdaari mawɗum nder softugo konu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo konu lesdi Naajeeriya jibinaama nder wolde nden. Kono, luural mawngal ina taarii golle weeyo ɗe konu leydi Najeriya, nde tawnoo hoɗɓe heewɓe e leydi Biafra, ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe Croix-Rouge, misiyoŋaaji janani e jaayndiyankooɓe, ina tuuma konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e haɓaade yimɓe siwil en, nokkuuji ballondiral e nokkuuji luumooji. Gowon yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e dow deeƴre, yantude e haalaaji ɗi konu makko waɗi ko wayi no warngooji, warngooji keewɗi e yimɓe siwil en e loppitgol keewngol e nokkuuji ɗi ɓe keɓi ɗii ; kono gooto e komanndaaji makko e sahaa wolde, hono Benjamin Adekunle ina wayi no rokkii heen seeɗa hoolaare e ɗeen haalaaji e nder deftere mum, tawi ina yaafnoo ɗum en wonde ko geɗe wolde ɗe ngalaa nafoore. == "Alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa jaaliiɗo" == == Gowon e hitaande 1966 == Hare ndee joofi ko ñalnde 13 lewru bowte hitaande 1970, nde Kolonel Olusegun Obasanjo jaɓi dokkugol konu Biafran. Janngo mum, Obasanjo hollitii ngonka kaa e rajo gonnooɗo rebel en Rajo Biafra Enugu. Gowon caggal ɗuum waɗi konngol mum lollungol "alaa jaaliiɗo, alaa foolɗo", o rewi heen ko yaafuya wonande ko ɓuri heewde e tawtoranooɓe fitinaaji Biafra, kam e porogaraam "Njoɓdi, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol", ngam feewnude bonneede mawɗe baɗnooɗe e duuɓi dufragi e nder dufragi konno. Won e ɗeen golle meeɗaa yaltude e alluwal diidi. Ko jiidaa e ɗuum, politik laamu Gen. Gowon ngam accude tan ko 20 pounds wonande Biafrannaaɓe jogiiɓe konte banke e nder leydi Nijeer ko adii wolde, tawa ko e dow ballal kaalis gooto, ko ɗum huunde nde liggotooɓe ballal caggal leydi e nokkuuji ɗii fof njiyti ɗum, sibu ɗum addani Bifrannaaɓe waɗde ko heewi e ñamaale, loppitgol e wuyɓe e nder nokku hee caggal wolde nde. Kuulal goɗngal ngal Gowon waɗi e tolno boom petroŋ ko jogaade ko won e yimɓe cikkata ko batte bonɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya e nder duuɓi garooji ɗii, hay so tawii noon batte mum ko yaawi ina famɗi no feewi – dekere makko indigenization e hitaande 1972, nde hollitii geɗe keewɗe e faggudu leydi Najeriya ko ɓuri rulimign out- tawtoreede jananɓe e fannuuji keewɗi goɗɗi. Ndee ɗoo yamiroore rokkii nafooje winndereyankooje to Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe jokkondirɓe no feewi kono hollitii wonde ina bonna no feewi e njulaagu ngu wonaa petroŋ e nder faggudu Naajeeriya. Duuɓi ɓaawo konu lesdi Naajeeriya yi’i Naajeeriya heɓi nasaraaku cemmbiɗinki, cemmbiɗinki petroŋ, cemmbiɗinki faggudu nder wakkati man, kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya mawni haa ko meeɗaay heɓuki, bee nanta ɓesdugo ceede ko heɓata nder ceede petroŋ. Kono kadi, ooɗoo sahaa yiytii ɓeydagol jaawngol e njulaagu, ko ɓuri heewde e njulaagu, e nder ardiiɓe laamu fedde ndee ; e hay so tawii hooreejo leydi ndii e hoore mum, hono Seneraal Gowon, meeɗaa yiyeede e golle bonɗe ɗee, omo heewi tuumeede wonde omo ɓuuɓna golle gollotooɓe makko e sehilaaɓe makko. Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1974, e nder luural laaɓtungal e fodoore makko adannde, Gowon hollitii wonde Niiseer heddoraaki laamu siwil haa hitaande 1976, o hollitii kadi wonde ñalngu rokkude laamu nguu maa jokku haa abada. Yanti heen, sabu ɓeydagol birooji, ina woodi tuumeede ɓeydagol njulaagu. Ɓeydagol jawdi e nder leydi ndi addani ɗum en waɗde kaayitaaji naatgol fenaande. Wonno haalaaji tonngoode kaaƴe e ceene naatnaaɗe e nder leydi ndi, e Seneraal Gowon e hoore mum o wiyi e jaayndeyaagal leydi ngoɗndi wonde "caɗeele tan ɗe Naajeeriya jogii ko no o huutortoo kaalis mo o jogii oo." == Haala armada simme == Ko boni e njuɓɓudi laamu Gowon, haa arti noon e haala "armada cement" lolluka, e nder ndunngu 1975, nde porto Lagos wonti jamma, teemedde laanaaji ina njiɗi jippinde semmbe. Won ɗo, agents laamu Naajeeriya siifondirii e 68 liggotooɓe winndereyankooɓe ceertuɓe ngam yettinde fotde 20 miliyoŋ ton semmbe e nder hitaande wootere haa Lagos, hay so tawii noon porto mum ina waawi jaɓde tan ko miliyoŋ ton kargo e hitaande kala. Ko ɓuri bonde nii, nanondiral semmbe ngal moƴƴaani, ina waɗi kuule demurrage (demurrage clauses) moƴƴe no feewi wonande yeeyooɓe ɓee, ɗum firti ko bidsee oo fuɗɗiima ustaade so tawii laanaaji ɗii njooɗiima e porto ina ɗaminii jippinde (walla hay so tawii ɗi njooɗiima e portooji mum en ina ɗaminii yamiroore yahde Niiseer). Laamu leydi Naajeeriya faamaani no feewi mawnugol majjere mum haa laamorgo leydi Lagos ngo yani haa laaɓi cer, haa ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu ina waawi rewde heen. Oon sahaa noon ko juuti. Eɓɓooje mayre ngam salaade nanondiral semmbeeji ɗii e waɗde kuuge kuuɓtodinɗe e kala laanaaji diwooje naatɗi e leydi ndii, haɓɓi leydi ndii e ñaawoore winndere ndee fotde duuɓi keewɗi, haa arti noon e kuulal Ñaawirde Toownde Amerik e hitaande 1983. == Liɓgol == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: Kuudetaa leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1975 Ɗeeɗoo bonanndeeji ngaddi mettere mawnde e nder konu nguu. Ñalnde 29 sulyee 1975, nde Gowon tawtortee batu OAU to Kampala, fedde ofiseeji e gardagol kolonel Joe Nanven Garba habri wonde o foolii laamu. Fewnooɓe kuudetaa ɓee toɗɗiima brigadier Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo laamu kesu ngu, e brigadier Olusegun Obasanjo won cukko makko. == Ko o soldaat == == Duuɓi e nder eggol == Gowon caggal ɗuum yahi eggude to leydi Angalteer, ɗo o heɓi doktoraa makko. e ganndal politik nde o woni almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick. Hoɗorde makko ɓurnde mawnude to Angalteer woni ko e keerol worgo Londres e Hertfordshire, ɗo o wonti no feewi e nder renndo Engele en e nokku makko. O waɗii dumunna gardiiɗo ekkol e nder ekkol makko, St Mary la Virgin, Monken Hadley. == Haa warngo Murtala == == Kabaaruuji goɗɗi: 1976 eɓɓoore kuudetaa leydi Nijeer == E lewru feebariyee 1976, Murtala Mohammed waraa e kuudetaa mo alaa ko nafi, tawi ko Lietnaa Kolonel Buka Suka Dimka ardii ɗum, tawi ina jeyaa heen Gowon. E wiyde "konngol" Dimka, o hawri e Gowon to Londres, o heɓi ballal e makko ngam kuudetaa oo. Yanti heen, Dimka siftinii ko adii warngo mum wonde faandaare kuudetaa oo ko artirde Gowon hooreejo leydi. Ngam ko ñaawirdu kuudetaa holliti, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu leydi Najeriya ina yiɗi ɗum, o itti ɗum darnde makko tawa o alaa, o taƴaa pension makko. Gowon yaafaama haa ragare, kanko bee hooreejo leydi Biafra gonnooɗo, Emeka Ojukwu, wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre lesdi Shehu Shagari. Darnde seneraal Gowon artiraaka haa hitaande 1987 kono ko seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida. == Nguurndam caggal == == Gowon e hitaande 2007 == Caggal nde o heɓi doktoraa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Warwick, Gowon wonti porfeseer ganndal politik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos e nder cakkital kitaale 1980.Gowon sosi fedde mum e hitaande 1992 ina wiyee Yakubu Gowon Centre. Fedde nde'e wi'i ɗon huuwa dow kuuje nder lesdi Naajeeriya bana laamu booɗɗum bana no nyawji nyawuuji ɗon mari haaje heɓugo nyawji SIDA, nyawuuji gine, e malaria. Yanti heen, Gen. Gowon ina jeyaa kadi e porogaraam ngam haɓaade mborosaaji Gine kam e porogaraam VIH e Fonds mondial de Geneve. == E lewru noowammbar 2020, depitee Tom Tugendhat, == nde o wolwanno dow laamu Naajeeriya dow cemmbiɗinki seppooji mawɗi ɗi 2020 #EndSARS, o tuumi Gowon ngam lootugo "feccere Banki lesdi Naajeeriya" ɓaawo o fooɗi laamu nder kuudetaa 1975.Haala man, ko arandeere nde o yiɗi hawtugo bee Kushop bee Matthewla, ɗon fooɗa e nder jaaynde ngenndiire mawnde wiyeteende Daily Trust sifotoonde haala ka nanndi e majjere ko wayi no "ina saɗi faamde no tergal parlemaa Angalteer teddinaaɗo fotde salte mum, waawi accude hoore mum udditaa e majjere e niɓɓiɗde tuumeede ko aldaa e daliilu, ko aldaa e hakkille e ko haawnii e tuumeede fenaande feewde e Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, the our na'mer to the for nuunɗal e nder nguurndam renndo." Caggal nde laamu Naajeeriya ɗaɓɓiti yaafuye, ɓaawo man, hukuuma lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon sendi hoore maako bee haala kan, o wi'i, "haala ka depitee on wi'i, ɗon holla miijooji laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo laamu lesdi Biritaniya walaa dabare ngam jogaago kuuɗe e haalaaji terɗe Parlemaa." E lewru feebariyee 2024, Gowon, woni sosɗo Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Hirnaange Afrik (ECOWAS) cakkitiiɗo wuurde, noddii fedde nde nde ittata kuuge pawaaɗe e Mali, Burkina Faso e Niiseer, ɗe laamuuji mum en ardinooɗi konu kollitii yaltude leyɗeele mum en e fedde nde ngam jaabaade kuuge ɗe. == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Gowon resi Victoria Zakari, infirmiyee jannguɗo e hitaande 1969 e nder kewu ngu Seth Irunsewe Kale yuɓɓini to Egliis Katedraal Almasiihu, Lagos. == Ƴeew kadi == == portal Nijeer bannge == Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Laamu konu Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966-79 e 1983-99 == Tuugnorgal == c91ulnytkagxue8ge97m3cqs2rs5lk4 0 42570 176524 2026-06-26T08:16:16Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓ..." 176524 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.[2] Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,[3] ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.[2] Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.[1] Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol : ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.[2] Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.[3] == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.[4] == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == eg59tbash4duobxltc6zrq8o29wngo8 176528 176524 2026-06-26T08:27:23Z Nnamadee 11577 176528 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.[2] Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,[3] ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.[2] Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.[1] Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol : ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.[2] Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.[3] == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.[4] == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.[1] Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.[5] Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.[1] Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.[1] Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.[2] == Tuugnorgal == ixsihwpkb6ai11j3zln9ua5cb6an0u0 176530 176528 2026-06-26T08:31:07Z Nnamadee 11577 176530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.[2] Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,[3] ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.[2] Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.[1] Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol : ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.[2] Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.[3] == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.[4] == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.[1] Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.[5] Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.[1] Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.[1] Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.[2] == Tuugnorgal == bckbh1iunoyzhzc9ohb26gehvw0ooey 176532 176530 2026-06-26T08:32:37Z Nnamadee 11577 176532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == [[File:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Located in the municipality of [[El Kala]], Lake Oubeïra is the central lake of the three.]] Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.[2] Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,[3] ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.[2] Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.[1] Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol : ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.[2] Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.[3] == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.[4] == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.[1] Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.[5] Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.[1] Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.[1] Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.[2] == Tuugnorgal == 4oj2bhf8nwiltbf0qw9a7m2s10ilvjf 176533 176532 2026-06-26T08:33:25Z Nnamadee 11577 176533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == [[File:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Located in the municipality of [[El Kala]], Lake Oubeïra is the central lake of the three.]] Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.[2] Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,[3] ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.[2] Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.[1] Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol : ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.[2] Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.[3] == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.[4] == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == [[File:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos in El-Kala National Park.]] Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.[1] Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.[5] Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.[1] Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.[1] Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.[2] == Tuugnorgal == 072xd5bvlduyhia11zpnrsmzxqe3i2h 176534 176533 2026-06-26T08:34:10Z Nnamadee 11577 176534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == [[File:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Located in the municipality of [[El Kala]], Lake Oubeïra is the central lake of the three.]] Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.<ref>Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. <nowiki>ISBN 9961-9-2200-X</nowiki>.</ref> Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,[3] ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.[2] Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.[1] Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol : ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.[2] Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.[3] == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.[4] == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == [[File:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos in El-Kala National Park.]] Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.[1] Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.[5] Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.[1] Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.[1] Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.[2] == Tuugnorgal == q4bwlmo2n2q3ygohys5sw2dun5dt7uu 176536 176534 2026-06-26T08:34:49Z Nnamadee 11577 176536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == [[File:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Located in the municipality of [[El Kala]], Lake Oubeïra is the central lake of the three.]] Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.<ref>Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. <nowiki>ISBN 9961-9-2200-X</nowiki>.</ref> Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,[3] ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.[2] Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.<ref>"Réserve Intégrale du Lac Oubeïra | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar" [Oubeïra Lake Integral Reserve | Ramsar Site Information Service]. Ramsar (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol : ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.[2] Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.[3] == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.[4] == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == [[File:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos in El-Kala National Park.]] Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.[1] Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.[5] Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.[1] Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.[1] Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.[2] == Tuugnorgal == r8c5525u5g17tw60kp5wwq3j11698iv 176537 176536 2026-06-26T08:35:09Z Nnamadee 11577 176537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == [[File:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Located in the municipality of [[El Kala]], Lake Oubeïra is the central lake of the three.]] Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.<ref>Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. <nowiki>ISBN 9961-9-2200-X</nowiki>.</ref> Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,<ref>Alayat, H; Kherici, N; Lamouroux, C (2009). "EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)" [SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)]. Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement (in French). 8 (1): 28–42. ISSN 2602-6724. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.[2] Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.<ref>"Réserve Intégrale du Lac Oubeïra | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar" [Oubeïra Lake Integral Reserve | Ramsar Site Information Service]. Ramsar (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol : ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.[2] Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.[3] == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.[4] == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == [[File:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos in El-Kala National Park.]] Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.[1] Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.[5] Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.[1] Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.[1] Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.[2] == Tuugnorgal == m1ou4uawky1j9kjxvdx5wydt44u6dw8 176538 176537 2026-06-26T08:35:34Z Nnamadee 11577 176538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == [[File:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Located in the municipality of [[El Kala]], Lake Oubeïra is the central lake of the three.]] Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.<ref name=":0">Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. <nowiki>ISBN 9961-9-2200-X</nowiki>.</ref> Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,<ref>Alayat, H; Kherici, N; Lamouroux, C (2009). "EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)" [SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)]. Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement (in French). 8 (1): 28–42. ISSN 2602-6724. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.[2] Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.<ref>"Réserve Intégrale du Lac Oubeïra | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar" [Oubeïra Lake Integral Reserve | Ramsar Site Information Service]. Ramsar (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol : ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.<ref name=":0" /> Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.[3] == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.[4] == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == [[File:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos in El-Kala National Park.]] Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.[1] Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.[5] Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.[1] Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.[1] Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.[2] == Tuugnorgal == safj80h44n0ymzk6ielaj12zea4wzkt 176539 176538 2026-06-26T08:36:04Z Nnamadee 11577 176539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == [[File:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Located in the municipality of [[El Kala]], Lake Oubeïra is the central lake of the three.]] Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.<ref name=":0">Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. <nowiki>ISBN 9961-9-2200-X</nowiki>.</ref> Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,<ref>Alayat, H; Kherici, N; Lamouroux, C (2009). "EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)" [SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)]. Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement (in French). 8 (1): 28–42. ISSN 2602-6724. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.[2] Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.<ref name=":1">"Réserve Intégrale du Lac Oubeïra | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar" [Oubeïra Lake Integral Reserve | Ramsar Site Information Service]. Ramsar (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol : ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.<ref name=":0" /> Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.[3] == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.[4] == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == [[File:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos in El-Kala National Park.]] Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.[5] Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.[1] Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.[1] Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.[2] == Tuugnorgal == qoqryavo3sttp87edyxo1ausxpw7tbf 176541 176539 2026-06-26T08:36:28Z Nnamadee 11577 176541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == [[File:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Located in the municipality of [[El Kala]], Lake Oubeïra is the central lake of the three.]] Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.<ref name=":0">Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. <nowiki>ISBN 9961-9-2200-X</nowiki>.</ref> Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,<ref>Alayat, H; Kherici, N; Lamouroux, C (2009). "EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)" [SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)]. Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement (in French). 8 (1): 28–42. ISSN 2602-6724. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.<ref name=":0" /> Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.<ref name=":1">"Réserve Intégrale du Lac Oubeïra | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar" [Oubeïra Lake Integral Reserve | Ramsar Site Information Service]. Ramsar (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol : ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.<ref name=":0" /> Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.[3] == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.[4] == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == [[File:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos in El-Kala National Park.]] Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.[5] Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.[1] Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.[1] Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.[2] == Tuugnorgal == gmx7uwvi8tmpwfvi5ydu1v3vyn1yg2o 176542 176541 2026-06-26T08:37:26Z Nnamadee 11577 176542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == [[File:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Located in the municipality of [[El Kala]], Lake Oubeïra is the central lake of the three.]] Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.<ref name=":0">Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. <nowiki>ISBN 9961-9-2200-X</nowiki>.</ref> Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,<ref name=":2">Alayat, H; Kherici, N; Lamouroux, C (2009). "EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)" [SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)]. Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement (in French). 8 (1): 28–42. ISSN 2602-6724. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.<ref name=":0" /> Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.<ref name=":1">"Réserve Intégrale du Lac Oubeïra | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar" [Oubeïra Lake Integral Reserve | Ramsar Site Information Service]. Ramsar (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol: ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.<ref name=":0" /> Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.<ref name=":2" /> == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.[4] == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == [[File:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos in El-Kala National Park.]] Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.[5] Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.[1] Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.[1] Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.[2] == Tuugnorgal == osb9k3ttb3sz7wh83gbrq4u7eyxffck 176543 176542 2026-06-26T08:38:13Z Nnamadee 11577 176543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == [[File:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Located in the municipality of [[El Kala]], Lake Oubeïra is the central lake of the three.]] Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.<ref name=":0">Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. <nowiki>ISBN 9961-9-2200-X</nowiki>.</ref> Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,<ref name=":2">Alayat, H; Kherici, N; Lamouroux, C (2009). "EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)" [SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)]. Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement (in French). 8 (1): 28–42. ISSN 2602-6724. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.<ref name=":0" /> Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.<ref name=":1">"Réserve Intégrale du Lac Oubeïra | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar" [Oubeïra Lake Integral Reserve | Ramsar Site Information Service]. Ramsar (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol: ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.<ref name=":0" /> Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.<ref name=":2" /> == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.<ref>Kadid, Yamina; Thébaud, Gilles; Pétel, Gilles; Abdelkrim, Hacène (2007). "Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie" [Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria]. Acta Botanica Gallica (in French). 154 (4): 597–599. Bibcode:2007AcBG..154..597K. doi:10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082. ISSN 1253-8078. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == [[File:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos in El-Kala National Park.]] Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.[5] Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.[1] Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.[1] Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.[2] == Tuugnorgal == 1gh3a0n7ipqsh0odlkn36h5b4u9hpbx 176545 176543 2026-06-26T08:39:04Z Nnamadee 11577 176545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == [[File:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Located in the municipality of [[El Kala]], Lake Oubeïra is the central lake of the three.]] Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.<ref name=":0">Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. <nowiki>ISBN 9961-9-2200-X</nowiki>.</ref> Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,<ref name=":2">Alayat, H; Kherici, N; Lamouroux, C (2009). "EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)" [SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)]. Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement (in French). 8 (1): 28–42. ISSN 2602-6724. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.<ref name=":0" /> Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.<ref name=":1">"Réserve Intégrale du Lac Oubeïra | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar" [Oubeïra Lake Integral Reserve | Ramsar Site Information Service]. Ramsar (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol: ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.<ref name=":0" /> Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.<ref name=":2" /> == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.<ref>Kadid, Yamina; Thébaud, Gilles; Pétel, Gilles; Abdelkrim, Hacène (2007). "Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie" [Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria]. Acta Botanica Gallica (in French). 154 (4): 597–599. Bibcode:2007AcBG..154..597K. doi:10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082. ISSN 1253-8078. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == [[File:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos in El-Kala National Park.]] Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.<ref>"Analyse et developpement d'une exploitation lagunaire extensive: example du lac Mellah, Algerie" [Analysis and development of extensive lagoon farming: the example of Lake Mellah, Algeria]. www.fao.org (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.[1] Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.[1] Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.[2] == Tuugnorgal == 7vsrl5pif63ur3jize1icoi5megkd8f 176546 176545 2026-06-26T08:40:02Z Nnamadee 11577 176546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == [[File:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Located in the municipality of [[El Kala]], Lake Oubeïra is the central lake of the three.]] Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.<ref name=":0">Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. <nowiki>ISBN 9961-9-2200-X</nowiki>.</ref> Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,<ref name=":2">Alayat, H; Kherici, N; Lamouroux, C (2009). "EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)" [SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)]. Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement (in French). 8 (1): 28–42. ISSN 2602-6724. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.<ref name=":0" /> Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.<ref name=":1">"Réserve Intégrale du Lac Oubeïra | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar" [Oubeïra Lake Integral Reserve | Ramsar Site Information Service]. Ramsar (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol: ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.<ref name=":0" /> Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.<ref name=":2" /> == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.<ref>Kadid, Yamina; Thébaud, Gilles; Pétel, Gilles; Abdelkrim, Hacène (2007). "Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie" [Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria]. Acta Botanica Gallica (in French). 154 (4): 597–599. Bibcode:2007AcBG..154..597K. doi:10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082. ISSN 1253-8078. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == [[File:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos in El-Kala National Park.]] Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.<ref>"Analyse et developpement d'une exploitation lagunaire extensive: example du lac Mellah, Algerie" [Analysis and development of extensive lagoon farming: the example of Lake Mellah, Algeria]. www.fao.org (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.<ref name=":1" /> Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.[1] Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.[2] == Tuugnorgal == lbatj7mk8rsrv72s710efo1iay4xxye 176548 176546 2026-06-26T08:40:53Z Nnamadee 11577 176548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == [[File:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Located in the municipality of [[El Kala]], Lake Oubeïra is the central lake of the three.]] Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.<ref name=":0">Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. <nowiki>ISBN 9961-9-2200-X</nowiki>.</ref> Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,<ref name=":2">Alayat, H; Kherici, N; Lamouroux, C (2009). "EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)" [SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)]. Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement (in French). 8 (1): 28–42. ISSN 2602-6724. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.<ref name=":0" /> Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.<ref name=":1">"Réserve Intégrale du Lac Oubeïra | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar" [Oubeïra Lake Integral Reserve | Ramsar Site Information Service]. Ramsar (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol: ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.<ref name=":0" /> Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.<ref name=":2" /> == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.<ref>Kadid, Yamina; Thébaud, Gilles; Pétel, Gilles; Abdelkrim, Hacène (2007). "Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie" [Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria]. Acta Botanica Gallica (in French). 154 (4): 597–599. Bibcode:2007AcBG..154..597K. doi:10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082. ISSN 1253-8078. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == [[File:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos in El-Kala National Park.]] Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.<ref>"Analyse et developpement d'une exploitation lagunaire extensive: example du lac Mellah, Algerie" [Analysis and development of extensive lagoon farming: the example of Lake Mellah, Algeria]. www.fao.org (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.<ref name=":1" /> Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.[2] == Tuugnorgal == 3erw37up90oglr0uou0jir9k8mzl5dz 176550 176548 2026-06-26T08:42:40Z Nnamadee 11577 176550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1983. Leydi ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == [[File:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Located in the municipality of [[El Kala]], Lake Oubeïra is the central lake of the three.]] Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.<ref name=":0">Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. <nowiki>ISBN 9961-9-2200-X</nowiki>.</ref> Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,<ref name=":2">Alayat, H; Kherici, N; Lamouroux, C (2009). "EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)" [SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)]. Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement (in French). 8 (1): 28–42. ISSN 2602-6724. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.<ref name=":0" /> Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.<ref name=":1">"Réserve Intégrale du Lac Oubeïra | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar" [Oubeïra Lake Integral Reserve | Ramsar Site Information Service]. Ramsar (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol: ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.<ref name=":0" /> Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.<ref name=":2" /> == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.<ref>Kadid, Yamina; Thébaud, Gilles; Pétel, Gilles; Abdelkrim, Hacène (2007). "Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie" [Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria]. Acta Botanica Gallica (in French). 154 (4): 597–599. Bibcode:2007AcBG..154..597K. doi:10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082. ISSN 1253-8078. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == [[File:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos in El-Kala National Park.]] Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.<ref>"Analyse et developpement d'une exploitation lagunaire extensive: example du lac Mellah, Algerie" [Analysis and development of extensive lagoon farming: the example of Lake Mellah, Algeria]. www.fao.org (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.<ref name=":1" /> Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.<ref name=":1" /> == Tuugnorgal == 20p3e3kmg8fvbjao2pjqozsz4orpeyu 176569 176550 2026-06-26T10:33:04Z Adamu mc 10501 Edit 176569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lac Oubeïra''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 4 noowammbar hiitande 1983. [[Leydi]] ndii ina waɗi nokku keewɗo ɗo kullon colli njiylotoo e nder Afrik worgo. == Wakere == [[File:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Located in the municipality of [[El Kala]], Lake Oubeïra is the central lake of the three.]] Lac Oubeïra ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nokku caɗtuɗo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala e nder diiwaan El Tarf, to leydi Alseri. Park oo ina waɗi kadi maayo Tonga, nokku goɗɗo ndiyam laaɓɗam, e maayo Mellah ko maayo ɓuuɓngo. E hitaande 1983, maayooji tati ɗii fof toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereere e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.<ref name=":0">Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. <nowiki>ISBN 9961-9-2200-X</nowiki>.</ref> Lake Oubeïra ko maayo endorheic, tawaango hakkunde wuro El Kala, to worgo-fuɗnaange Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus, tooweeki mum ko 23 meeter. Ina waɗi mbaadi ko ina tolnoo e cirƴam, les mum ina ɓuuɓi, ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi,<ref name=":2">Alayat, H; Kherici, N; Lamouroux, C (2009). "EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)" [SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN)]. Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement (in French). 8 (1): 28–42. ISSN 2602-6724. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> ina waɗi 2 000 ektaar, luggiɗde mum ina tolnoo e meeter gooto.<ref name=":0" /> Nokku oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tawi ina waɗi kadi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu. Hay so tawii ko endorheic, maayo ngo ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane.<ref name=":1">"Réserve Intégrale du Lac Oubeïra | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar" [Oubeïra Lake Integral Reserve | Ramsar Site Information Service]. Ramsar (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam jokkondirɗam e maayo Oubeïra ko Oued Messida, kolliroowo mbaydi ɓuuɓol: ngol ummotoo ko e maayo haa Oued el Rebir e ndunngu, e nder ndunngu.<ref name=":0" /> Balance hakkunde ɓuuɓol e toɓo ina jogoo duumingol maayo ngoo. Mawnugol ndiyam ɗam e darnde ɓulli ɗii e nder yontaaji yooro ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende ndiyam e wallitde jokkugol maayo ngoo.<ref name=":2" /> == Wakati == Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, ina sikkaa ko nguleeki tolniiki e 18,9°C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu, toɓooji ɗii ina pamɗi e lebbi lewru.<ref>Kadid, Yamina; Thébaud, Gilles; Pétel, Gilles; Abdelkrim, Hacène (2007). "Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie" [Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria]. Acta Botanica Gallica (in French). 154 (4): 597–599. Bibcode:2007AcBG..154..597K. doi:10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082. ISSN 1253-8078. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> == Leɗɗe e kullon ladde == [[File:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos in El-Kala National Park.]] Leydi ndii ko nokku keewɗo faayiida wonande leɗɗe ndiyam, ina heen leɗɗe ɗe keewaani e nder leydi Alseri, ko wayi no kastan ndiyam e leɗɗe ndiyam geese.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndii ina wallita e liɗɗi keewɗi, ina heen kadi ƴiye keewɗe. Muuñal ummoriingal e leñol Mugilidae, ko wayi no Mugil cephalus e Liza ramada, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e maayo gila e maayo rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol. Barbel ina jibina e nder maayo Oubeïra e darorɗe ndunngu e fuɗɗoode ndunngu.<ref>"Analyse et developpement d'une exploitation lagunaire extensive: example du lac Mellah, Algerie" [Analysis and development of extensive lagoon farming: the example of Lake Mellah, Algeria]. www.fao.org (in French). Retrieved May 30, 2025.</ref> Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njoorkon keewngal hoɗi, ina heen kullon hoɗɓe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe, e ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe ko wayi no ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye mawɗe. Won e ɗeen kullon ina ngondi e caɗeele e nder winndere ndee. Ibis glossy e flamingo mawɗo ina tawee hitaande kala. Nokku oo ina wallita kadi e kullon ladde, haa arti noon e otter.<ref name=":1" /> Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema e nder nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndii ina heewi karte, ina waɗi kadi nokku ɗo ndema ndiyam woni ɗoo e daande maayo mum to bannge worgo.<ref name=":1" /> == Tuugnorgal == sku6nfw9jti86mt36b97mizypvd31p8 0 42571 176525 2026-06-26T08:22:04Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Abudu AbiodunListenR''' ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya mo diiwal Ogun, Naajeeriya. O golliima e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan Ogun, o lomtii diiwaan Ijebu Fuɗnaange/Ijebu Fuɗnaange/Ogun Waterside gila 2007 haa 2015. O golliima kadi e Komiseer ko faati e nokkuuji e hitaande 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Citizen Science Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/abiodun-abudu-balogun|access-date=2024-12-26|website=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en..." 176525 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abudu AbiodunListenR''' ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya mo diiwal Ogun, Naajeeriya. O golliima e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan Ogun, o lomtii diiwaan Ijebu Fuɗnaange/Ijebu Fuɗnaange/Ogun Waterside gila 2007 haa 2015. O golliima kadi e Komiseer ko faati e nokkuuji e hitaande 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Citizen Science Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/abiodun-abudu-balogun|access-date=2024-12-26|website=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Olatunji|first=Daud|date=2021-01-04|title=Abiodun suspends Ogun commissioner over alleged sexual harassment|url=https://punchng.com/abiodun-suspends-ogun-commissioner-over-alleged-sexual-harassment/|access-date=2024-12-26|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal nb7dur5z3zw8p2kfvggz10pij8ejyjb 0 42572 176526 2026-06-26T08:24:24Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176526 wikitext text/x-wiki Binta Masi GarbaListenR (jibinaa ko 17 abriil 1967) ko dawriyanke Naajeeriya, debbo njulaagu, balloowo, daraniiɗo potal rewɓe e worɓe e njuɓɓudi, o woniino senateer diiwaan Adamawa to bannge worgo diiwaan Adamawa gila 2015 Hooreejo leydi lannda siyaasaaku mawka winnditaaka nder leydi Naajeeriya (Kongres All Progressives, Chapter State Adamawa). Binta golliima e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii laabi tati, tuggi 1999 haa 2011. Ko kanko woni dawriyanke gadano ardaade diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi e nder diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi: (1999-2007, Kaduna Sud, diiwaan Kaduna e 2007-2011, Madagali/Michika, diiwaan Adamawa tan). Koolol ngol e hitaande 2014. O suɓaama cukko hooreejo gadano fedde parlemaa rewɓe Commonwealth (CWP) e les njiimaandi Fedde parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to leydi Kameruun. Ko kanko tan woni debbo Senator-Elect nder diiwalji 19 lesdi Naajeeriya fuu nder suɓol 2015. O woni kadi, debbo gooto tan nulaaɗo ummoraade e diiwaan Adamawa to batu ngenndiwal to Abuja. Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol Binta Masi Garba jibinaama to suudu konu leydi Kaduna, jibnaaɓe mum ko juulɓe. Jibnaaɓe makko ko Kamwe ummoriiɗo Bazza, nokku laamu Michika to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗmo e jibnaaɓe makko, ko noon o inniraa Masi e fawaade e innde aadaaji Kamwe. Baaba makko, Kaporal Tumba Garba, ko ofisee konu, ko sofer. O riiwti yimɓe sooja'en ɗuuɗɓe, bana Muhammadu Buhari, Sani Abacha, Ibrahiima Babangida, Olusegun Obasanjo e Murtala Muhammadu. O mawni ko e galle kerecee en kono o naati lislaam caggal nguurndam makko. E nder cukaagu makko, o naati diine kerecee en, ɗum mettini e baaba makko, e wiyde makko, "o wuli kala ko njogiimi". Kono, caggal ɗuum o ari jaɓde kuulal makko ngal. Hakkunde 1975 e 1981, o naati duɗal sukaaɓe konu, to kanto D keso, to Hayin Banki, to Kaduna. Gila ɗoon o yahri to duɗal hakkundeewal, o heɓi (GCE/WAEC ‘O’ Level) e duɗal ñalnde laamu, Kurmin Mashi, Kaduna Sud, Kaduna, hakkunde 1981 e 1987. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o heɓi Dipolomaaji Marke9D (ON.)1 (Njulaagu HND, hitaande 1997). E hitaande 2004, o naati duɗal laamu Harvard Kennedy - Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harvard (Njuɓɓudi kaalis laamu). O mari Diplomaji ɗiɗi nder diina diga Duɗal Bibel ngam mawnugo Ekklessiya e kuugal kuugal, e kuugal Matthew Owujaye, Kaduna. Ko o keɓɗo dipolom Doktoraa tedduɗo e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Smith Christian, to Miami, Florida. Golle politik Binta Masi Garba fuɗɗi kuugal siyaasa maako nder hitaande 1998 haa Kaduna, lesdi Naajeeriya. Ko adii ɗuum, o golliima e jaayndeeji New Nigeria Newspapers ngam wonde ofisee advertisement, hitaande nde o fotnoo heɓde promotion mo o rokkaaka sabu ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe. Binta Masi Garba ko sahaa fof daraninooɗo hakkeeji rewɓe; ko ɗum addani mo ƴettude mandat ngam wallitde ɓe e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde to diiwaan Kaduna Sud Federal. Ɓooytaani e oon humpito ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe, o fellitii naatde e politik e hitaande 1998 to diiwaan Kaduna, nokku ɗo pinal ɓurngal heewde haɗi rewɓe wonde e nder renndo. Bidsee makko gadano e hitaande 1998, o heɓaani. o tawtoraama kadi e hitaande 1999 ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii, o heɓi heen 5 000 woote. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo lesdi Naajeeriya ɓurduɗo famɗugo nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1999. Caggal nde o heɓi jaalorgal arandewal, o fooli kadi hitaande 2003, o heɓi nasaraaku dow ƴamɗe maako bee limngal 50,000. bksttpstr7542qfrkqw017k8q8o1j7n 176529 176526 2026-06-26T08:29:30Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176529 wikitext text/x-wiki Binta Masi GarbaListenR (jibinaa ko 17 abriil 1967) ko dawriyanke Naajeeriya, debbo njulaagu, balloowo, daraniiɗo potal rewɓe e worɓe e njuɓɓudi, o woniino senateer diiwaan Adamawa to bannge worgo diiwaan Adamawa gila 2015 Hooreejo leydi lannda siyaasaaku mawka winnditaaka nder leydi Naajeeriya (Kongres All Progressives, Chapter State Adamawa). Binta golliima e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii laabi tati, tuggi 1999 haa 2011. Ko kanko woni dawriyanke gadano ardaade diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi e nder diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi: (1999-2007, Kaduna Sud, diiwaan Kaduna e 2007-2011, Madagali/Michika, diiwaan Adamawa tan). Koolol ngol e hitaande 2014. O suɓaama cukko hooreejo gadano fedde parlemaa rewɓe Commonwealth (CWP) e les njiimaandi Fedde parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to leydi Kameruun. Ko kanko tan woni debbo Senator-Elect nder diiwalji 19 lesdi Naajeeriya fuu nder suɓol 2015. O woni kadi, debbo gooto tan nulaaɗo ummoraade e diiwaan Adamawa to batu ngenndiwal to Abuja. Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol Binta Masi Garba jibinaama to suudu konu leydi Kaduna, jibnaaɓe mum ko juulɓe. Jibnaaɓe makko ko Kamwe ummoriiɗo Bazza, nokku laamu Michika to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗmo e jibnaaɓe makko, ko noon o inniraa Masi e fawaade e innde aadaaji Kamwe. Baaba makko, Kaporal Tumba Garba, ko ofisee konu, ko sofer. O riiwti yimɓe sooja'en ɗuuɗɓe, bana Muhammadu Buhari, Sani Abacha, Ibrahiima Babangida, Olusegun Obasanjo e Murtala Muhammadu. O mawni ko e galle kerecee en kono o naati lislaam caggal nguurndam makko. E nder cukaagu makko, o naati diine kerecee en, ɗum mettini e baaba makko, e wiyde makko, "o wuli kala ko njogiimi". Kono, caggal ɗuum o ari jaɓde kuulal makko ngal. Hakkunde 1975 e 1981, o naati duɗal sukaaɓe konu, to kanto D keso, to Hayin Banki, to Kaduna. Gila ɗoon o yahri to duɗal hakkundeewal, o heɓi (GCE/WAEC ‘O’ Level) e duɗal ñalnde laamu, Kurmin Mashi, Kaduna Sud, Kaduna, hakkunde 1981 e 1987. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o heɓi Dipolomaaji Marke9D (ON.)1 (Njulaagu HND, hitaande 1997). E hitaande 2004, o naati duɗal laamu Harvard Kennedy - Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harvard (Njuɓɓudi kaalis laamu). O mari Diplomaji ɗiɗi nder diina diga Duɗal Bibel ngam mawnugo Ekklessiya e kuugal kuugal, e kuugal Matthew Owujaye, Kaduna. Ko o keɓɗo dipolom Doktoraa tedduɗo e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Smith Christian, to Miami, Florida. Golle politik Binta Masi Garba fuɗɗi kuugal siyaasa maako nder hitaande 1998 haa Kaduna, lesdi Naajeeriya. Ko adii ɗuum, o golliima e jaayndeeji New Nigeria Newspapers ngam wonde ofisee advertisement, hitaande nde o fotnoo heɓde promotion mo o rokkaaka sabu ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe. Binta Masi Garba ko sahaa fof daraninooɗo hakkeeji rewɓe; ko ɗum addani mo ƴettude mandat ngam wallitde ɓe e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde to diiwaan Kaduna Sud Federal. Ɓooytaani e oon humpito ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe, o fellitii naatde e politik e hitaande 1998 to diiwaan Kaduna, nokku ɗo pinal ɓurngal heewde haɗi rewɓe wonde e nder renndo. Bidsee makko gadano e hitaande 1998, o heɓaani. o tawtoraama kadi e hitaande 1999 ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii, o heɓi heen 5 000 woote. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo lesdi Naajeeriya ɓurduɗo famɗugo nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1999. Caggal nde o heɓi jaalorgal arandewal, o fooli kadi hitaande 2003, o heɓi nasaraaku dow ƴamɗe maako bee limngal 50,000. E hitaande 2006, ɓadiiɗo joofgol manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, guwerneer diiwaan Adamawa e oon sahaa, hono Boni Haruna, nde nani golle makko moƴƴe e nder diiwaan Kaduna Sud, o ñaagii mo yo o artu e diiwaan makko, diiwaan Adamawa, o tawtoree. Caggal nde o waɗi diisnondiral, o jaɓi, o jippii ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii e nder diiwaan Madagali/Michika e les njiimaandi PDP. O heɓi jooɗorde nden o wakiili diiwal ngal gila 2007 haa 2011. Caggal suɓol 2011 filmo, "“Koyɗe ngam Naajeeriya", waɗi ɗum dow ardungal rewɓe siyaasaaku Naajeeriya nden Garba ɗon nder rewɓe suɓaaɓe Sani, diiwal Kaduna; Hon. Caggal nde o woni tataɓo e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o artiri woote, o fooli Titsi Ganama. Lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP) e gardagol Bamanga Tukur ina joginoo caɗeele ardorde mawɗe, fedde hesere ummii e hitaande 2013. Fedde hesere PDP nde wonnoo ko e gardagol Abubakar Kawu Baraje. Fedde hesere ndee wiyetee ko PDP keso (nPDP). Binta Masi Garba toɗɗaama Debbo hooreejo lannda nPDP. Caggal mum o naati e fedde wiyeteende APC (APC) e wondude e guwerneer Murtala Nyako e guwerneeruuji goɗɗi. O fooli, o yalti e hooreejo fedde APC to diiwaan Adamawa. Nasaraaku maako nder cuɓol ngol waɗi mo debbo arandeejo hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Luural gonngal hakkunde suɓol ardiiɓe APC e nder diiwaan Adamawa, fotnoo ko bonnude lannda ka. Binta Masi Garba haɓi masin ngam hawtuki lanyol ngol nder jiha Adamawa O ardii gooto nder primaaji partiiji ɓurɗi nasaraaku nder jiha Adamawa bana hooreejo jooɗorde hukuumaaji rento nder jiha Adamawa Chapter APC. O rokkaama yamiroore ngam tawtoreede jooɗorde Senaa e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi, o yalti e ƴaañoowo makko gorko. Ñalnde 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2015, o heɓi jooɗorde Senaa to diiwaan Senaa Adamawa worgo, nde o heɓi e nokkuuji 3 laamu nokkuuji e nder LGAaji 5 e nder zone o. Binta waɗii e ardii goomuuji keewɗi e nder suudu sarɗiiji ɗi ina jeyaa heen hooreejo goomu Senaa ngam jaŋde toownde e TETFUND. E hitaande 2022, Binta woniino hooreejo fedde toppitiinde laabi ndiyam nder leydi (NIWA). o laati kadi tergal hukuumaaji pamari lesdi Naajeeriya (NPA) hakkunde 2020 e 2021. Ko ina tolnoo e 100 senaateer cuɓaama e Asaambele ngenndi 8ɓo, kono ko 6 tan ngoni heen rewɓe. Heddiiɓe ɓee ko Monsurat Sunmonu mo diiwaan Oyo, Stella Oduah e Uche Ekwunife kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe lomtii Anambra, Fatimat Raji Rasaki, Oluremi Tinubu e Rose Okoji Oko.[14] Njeenaaje Binta Masi Garba heɓii njeenaaje keewɗe, e majje:[3] Jaɓɓungal sukaaɓe ɓurɓe waawde (TOYP) e nder leydi Najeriya 2002 PRS - Njeenaari kaŋŋe rewɓe teskinɓe ; Prime International - Njeenaari rewɓe e nder ardaade lewru mee 2002 Fedde rewɓe e worɓe luumo, Abuja Role Model njeenaari Sept 2002 Jaaynde Dame - Njeenaari rewɓe Naajeeriya (Modtal) - 2002 Njeenaari Goomu Ngenndiijo Moɓondiral Rewɓe - Jewel men (NAWOMCO) Njeenaari Ceertugol Ardorde (Wakiili’en ɓurɓe teddineede) Darnde nafoore ngam ɓamtaare demokaraasi parlemaa nder leydi Naajeeriya. NCWS; Njeenaari mawndi - 2016 Sukaaɓe Fuɗnaange ngam Jam e Ɓamtaare Njeenaari mawnikinaare debbo afriknaajo WAELE/ARCELFA - 2016 Njeenaari Merit Dental Leyɗeele e Yimooɓe Leydi Fedde Kerecee'en lesdi Naajeeriya - 2016 Njeenaari ardungal (LLA) Senator hitaande dowla Adamawa - 2016 Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Modibbo Adama – Njeenaari Yola - 2016 Jaaynde Hoodere Fuɗnaange-rewo hokkii njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder politikaaji debbo e hitaande - 2017 Njeenaari ardorde ɓurndi moƴƴude e Fooyre Sheroes - 2017 Fedde annduɓe laboratuwaaruuji safaara rewɓe leydi Najeriya. Njeenaari njeenaari ngam gollal ngal aldaa e paltoor e neɗɗaagu - 2017 Tuugnorgal mll0dtrbjpgvmc5wg3rzop1xgcui8jj 176531 176529 2026-06-26T08:32:16Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Binta Masi GarbaListenR (jibinaa ko 17 abriil 1967) ko dawriyanke Naajeeriya, debbo njulaagu, balloowo, daraniiɗo potal rewɓe e worɓe e njuɓɓudi, o woniino senateer diiwaan Adamawa to bannge worgo diiwaan Adamawa gila 2015 Hooreejo leydi lannda siyaasaaku mawka winnditaaka nder leydi Naajeeriya (Kongres All Progressives, Chapter State Adamawa). Binta golliima e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii laabi tati, tuggi 1999 haa 2011. Ko kanko woni dawriyanke gadano ardaade diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi e nder diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi: (1999-2007, Kaduna Sud, diiwaan Kaduna e 2007-2011, Madagali/Michika, diiwaan Adamawa tan). Koolol ngol e hitaande 2014. O suɓaama cukko hooreejo gadano fedde parlemaa rewɓe Commonwealth (CWP) e les njiimaandi Fedde parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to leydi Kameruun. Ko kanko tan woni debbo Senator-Elect nder diiwalji 19 lesdi Naajeeriya fuu nder suɓol 2015. O woni kadi, debbo gooto tan nulaaɗo ummoraade e diiwaan Adamawa to batu ngenndiwal to Abuja. Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol Binta Masi Garba jibinaama to suudu konu leydi Kaduna, jibnaaɓe mum ko juulɓe. Jibnaaɓe makko ko Kamwe ummoriiɗo Bazza, nokku laamu Michika to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗmo e jibnaaɓe makko, ko noon o inniraa Masi e fawaade e innde aadaaji Kamwe. Baaba makko, Kaporal Tumba Garba, ko ofisee konu, ko sofer. O riiwti yimɓe sooja'en ɗuuɗɓe, bana Muhammadu Buhari, Sani Abacha, Ibrahiima Babangida, Olusegun Obasanjo e Murtala Muhammadu. O mawni ko e galle kerecee en kono o naati lislaam caggal nguurndam makko. E nder cukaagu makko, o naati diine kerecee en, ɗum mettini e baaba makko, e wiyde makko, "o wuli kala ko njogiimi". Kono, caggal ɗuum o ari jaɓde kuulal makko ngal. Hakkunde 1975 e 1981, o naati duɗal sukaaɓe konu, to kanto D keso, to Hayin Banki, to Kaduna. Gila ɗoon o yahri to duɗal hakkundeewal, o heɓi (GCE/WAEC ‘O’ Level) e duɗal ñalnde laamu, Kurmin Mashi, Kaduna Sud, Kaduna, hakkunde 1981 e 1987. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o heɓi Dipolomaaji Marke9D (ON.)1 (Njulaagu HND, hitaande 1997). E hitaande 2004, o naati duɗal laamu Harvard Kennedy - Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harvard (Njuɓɓudi kaalis laamu). O mari Diplomaji ɗiɗi nder diina diga Duɗal Bibel ngam mawnugo Ekklessiya e kuugal kuugal, e kuugal Matthew Owujaye, Kaduna. Ko o keɓɗo dipolom Doktoraa tedduɗo e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Smith Christian, to Miami, Florida. Golle politik Binta Masi Garba fuɗɗi kuugal siyaasa maako nder hitaande 1998 haa Kaduna, lesdi Naajeeriya. Ko adii ɗuum, o golliima e jaayndeeji New Nigeria Newspapers ngam wonde ofisee advertisement, hitaande nde o fotnoo heɓde promotion mo o rokkaaka sabu ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe. Binta Masi Garba ko sahaa fof daraninooɗo hakkeeji rewɓe; ko ɗum addani mo ƴettude mandat ngam wallitde ɓe e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde to diiwaan Kaduna Sud Federal. Ɓooytaani e oon humpito ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe, o fellitii naatde e politik e hitaande 1998 to diiwaan Kaduna, nokku ɗo pinal ɓurngal heewde haɗi rewɓe wonde e nder renndo. Bidsee makko gadano e hitaande 1998, o heɓaani. o tawtoraama kadi e hitaande 1999 ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii, o heɓi heen 5 000 woote. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo lesdi Naajeeriya ɓurduɗo famɗugo nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1999. Caggal nde o heɓi jaalorgal arandewal, o fooli kadi hitaande 2003, o heɓi nasaraaku dow ƴamɗe maako bee limngal 50,000. E hitaande 2006, ɓadiiɗo joofgol manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, guwerneer diiwaan Adamawa e oon sahaa, hono Boni Haruna, nde nani golle makko moƴƴe e nder diiwaan Kaduna Sud, o ñaagii mo yo o artu e diiwaan makko, diiwaan Adamawa, o tawtoree. Caggal nde o waɗi diisnondiral, o jaɓi, o jippii ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii e nder diiwaan Madagali/Michika e les njiimaandi PDP. O heɓi jooɗorde nden o wakiili diiwal ngal gila 2007 haa 2011. Caggal suɓol 2011 filmo, "“Koyɗe ngam Naajeeriya", waɗi ɗum dow ardungal rewɓe siyaasaaku Naajeeriya nden Garba ɗon nder rewɓe suɓaaɓe Sani, diiwal Kaduna; Hon. Caggal nde o woni tataɓo e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o artiri woote, o fooli Titsi Ganama. Lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP) e gardagol Bamanga Tukur ina joginoo caɗeele ardorde mawɗe, fedde hesere ummii e hitaande 2013. Fedde hesere PDP nde wonnoo ko e gardagol Abubakar Kawu Baraje. Fedde hesere ndee wiyetee ko PDP keso (nPDP). Binta Masi Garba toɗɗaama Debbo hooreejo lannda nPDP. Caggal mum o naati e fedde wiyeteende APC (APC) e wondude e guwerneer Murtala Nyako e guwerneeruuji goɗɗi. O fooli, o yalti e hooreejo fedde APC to diiwaan Adamawa. Nasaraaku maako nder cuɓol ngol waɗi mo debbo arandeejo hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Luural gonngal hakkunde suɓol ardiiɓe APC e nder diiwaan Adamawa, fotnoo ko bonnude lannda ka. Binta Masi Garba haɓi masin ngam hawtuki lanyol ngol nder jiha Adamawa O ardii gooto nder primaaji partiiji ɓurɗi nasaraaku nder jiha Adamawa bana hooreejo jooɗorde hukuumaaji rento nder jiha Adamawa Chapter APC. O rokkaama yamiroore ngam tawtoreede jooɗorde Senaa e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi, o yalti e ƴaañoowo makko gorko. Ñalnde 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2015, o heɓi jooɗorde Senaa to diiwaan Senaa Adamawa worgo, nde o heɓi e nokkuuji 3 laamu nokkuuji e nder LGAaji 5 e nder zone o. Binta waɗii e ardii goomuuji keewɗi e nder suudu sarɗiiji ɗi ina jeyaa heen hooreejo goomu Senaa ngam jaŋde toownde e TETFUND. E hitaande 2022, Binta woniino hooreejo fedde toppitiinde laabi ndiyam nder leydi (NIWA). o laati kadi tergal hukuumaaji pamari lesdi Naajeeriya (NPA) hakkunde 2020 e 2021. Ko ina tolnoo e 100 senaateer cuɓaama e Asaambele ngenndi 8ɓo, kono ko 6 tan ngoni heen rewɓe. Heddiiɓe ɓee ko Monsurat Sunmonu mo diiwaan Oyo, Stella Oduah e Uche Ekwunife kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe lomtii Anambra, Fatimat Raji Rasaki, Oluremi Tinubu e Rose Okoji Oko.[14] Njeenaaje Binta Masi Garba heɓii njeenaaje keewɗe, e majje:[3] Jaɓɓungal sukaaɓe ɓurɓe waawde (TOYP) e nder leydi Najeriya 2002 PRS - Njeenaari kaŋŋe rewɓe teskinɓe ; Prime International - Njeenaari rewɓe e nder ardaade lewru mee 2002 Fedde rewɓe e worɓe luumo, Abuja Role Model njeenaari Sept 2002 Jaaynde Dame - Njeenaari rewɓe Naajeeriya (Modtal) - 2002 Njeenaari Goomu Ngenndiijo Moɓondiral Rewɓe - Jewel men (NAWOMCO) Njeenaari Ceertugol Ardorde (Wakiili’en ɓurɓe teddineede) Darnde nafoore ngam ɓamtaare demokaraasi parlemaa nder leydi Naajeeriya. NCWS; Njeenaari mawndi - 2016 Sukaaɓe Fuɗnaange ngam Jam e Ɓamtaare Njeenaari mawnikinaare debbo afriknaajo WAELE/ARCELFA - 2016 Njeenaari Merit Dental Leyɗeele e Yimooɓe Leydi Fedde Kerecee'en lesdi Naajeeriya - 2016 Njeenaari ardungal (LLA) Senator hitaande dowla Adamawa - 2016 Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Modibbo Adama – Njeenaari Yola - 2016 Jaaynde Hoodere Fuɗnaange-rewo hokkii njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder politikaaji debbo e hitaande - 2017 Njeenaari ardorde ɓurndi moƴƴude e Fooyre Sheroes - 2017 Fedde annduɓe laboratuwaaruuji safaara rewɓe leydi Najeriya. Njeenaari njeenaari ngam gollal ngal aldaa e paltoor e neɗɗaagu - 2017 Tuugnorgal 4gfcy09hcnzlnb2ubwmz7cmx5qvla0s 176535 176531 2026-06-26T08:34:14Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Binta Masi GarbaListenR''' (jibinaa ko 17 abriil 1967) ko dawriyanke Naajeeriya, debbo njulaagu, balloowo, daraniiɗo potal rewɓe e worɓe e njuɓɓudi, o woniino senateer diiwaan Adamawa to bannge worgo diiwaan Adamawa gila 2015 Hooreejo leydi lannda siyaasaaku mawka winnditaaka nder leydi Naajeeriya (Kongres All Progressives, Chapter State Adamawa). Binta golliima e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii laabi tati, tuggi 1999 haa 2011. Ko kanko woni dawriyanke gadano ardaade diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi e nder diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi: (1999-2007, Kaduna Sud, diiwaan Kaduna e 2007-2011, Madagali/Michika, diiwaan Adamawa tan). Koolol ngol e hitaande 2014. O suɓaama cukko hooreejo gadano fedde parlemaa rewɓe Commonwealth (CWP) e les njiimaandi Fedde parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to leydi Kameruun. Ko kanko tan woni debbo Senator-Elect nder diiwalji 19 lesdi Naajeeriya fuu nder suɓol 2015. O woni kadi, debbo gooto tan nulaaɗo ummoraade e diiwaan Adamawa to batu ngenndiwal to Abuja. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Binta Masi Garba jibinaama to suudu konu leydi Kaduna, jibnaaɓe mum ko juulɓe. Jibnaaɓe makko ko Kamwe ummoriiɗo Bazza, nokku laamu Michika to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗmo e jibnaaɓe makko, ko noon o inniraa Masi e fawaade e innde aadaaji Kamwe. Baaba makko, Kaporal Tumba Garba, ko ofisee konu, ko sofer. O riiwti yimɓe sooja'en ɗuuɗɓe, bana Muhammadu Buhari, Sani Abacha, Ibrahiima Babangida, Olusegun Obasanjo e Murtala Muhammadu. O mawni ko e galle kerecee en kono o naati lislaam caggal nguurndam makko. E nder cukaagu makko, o naati diine kerecee en, ɗum mettini e baaba makko, e wiyde makko, "o wuli kala ko njogiimi". Kono, caggal ɗuum o ari jaɓde kuulal makko ngal. Hakkunde 1975 e 1981, o naati duɗal sukaaɓe konu, to kanto D keso, to Hayin Banki, to Kaduna. Gila ɗoon o yahri to duɗal hakkundeewal, o heɓi (GCE/WAEC ‘O’ Level) e duɗal ñalnde laamu, Kurmin Mashi, Kaduna Sud, Kaduna, hakkunde 1981 e 1987. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o heɓi Dipolomaaji Marke9D (ON.)1 (Njulaagu HND, hitaande 1997). E hitaande 2004, o naati duɗal laamu Harvard Kennedy - Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harvard (Njuɓɓudi kaalis laamu). O mari Diplomaji ɗiɗi nder diina diga Duɗal Bibel ngam mawnugo Ekklessiya e kuugal kuugal, e kuugal Matthew Owujaye, Kaduna. Ko o keɓɗo dipolom Doktoraa tedduɗo e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Smith Christian, to Miami, Florida. == Golle politik == Binta Masi Garba fuɗɗi kuugal siyaasa maako nder hitaande 1998 haa Kaduna, lesdi Naajeeriya. Ko adii ɗuum, o golliima e jaayndeeji New Nigeria Newspapers ngam wonde ofisee advertisement, hitaande nde o fotnoo heɓde promotion mo o rokkaaka sabu ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe. Binta Masi Garba ko sahaa fof daraninooɗo hakkeeji rewɓe; ko ɗum addani mo ƴettude mandat ngam wallitde ɓe e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde to diiwaan Kaduna Sud Federal. Ɓooytaani e oon humpito ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe, o fellitii naatde e politik e hitaande 1998 to diiwaan Kaduna, nokku ɗo pinal ɓurngal heewde haɗi rewɓe wonde e nder renndo. Bidsee makko gadano e hitaande 1998, o heɓaani. o tawtoraama kadi e hitaande 1999 ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii, o heɓi heen 5 000 woote. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo lesdi Naajeeriya ɓurduɗo famɗugo nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1999. Caggal nde o heɓi jaalorgal arandewal, o fooli kadi hitaande 2003, o heɓi nasaraaku dow ƴamɗe maako bee limngal 50,000. E hitaande 2006, ɓadiiɗo joofgol manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, guwerneer diiwaan Adamawa e oon sahaa, hono Boni Haruna, nde nani golle makko moƴƴe e nder diiwaan Kaduna Sud, o ñaagii mo yo o artu e diiwaan makko, diiwaan Adamawa, o tawtoree. Caggal nde o waɗi diisnondiral, o jaɓi, o jippii ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii e nder diiwaan Madagali/Michika e les njiimaandi PDP. O heɓi jooɗorde nden o wakiili diiwal ngal gila 2007 haa 2011. Caggal suɓol 2011 filmo, "“Koyɗe ngam Naajeeriya", waɗi ɗum dow ardungal rewɓe siyaasaaku Naajeeriya nden Garba ɗon nder rewɓe suɓaaɓe Sani, diiwal Kaduna; Hon. Caggal nde o woni tataɓo e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o artiri woote, o fooli Titsi Ganama. Lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP) e gardagol Bamanga Tukur ina joginoo caɗeele ardorde mawɗe, fedde hesere ummii e hitaande 2013. Fedde hesere PDP nde wonnoo ko e gardagol Abubakar Kawu Baraje. Fedde hesere ndee wiyetee ko PDP keso (nPDP). Binta Masi Garba toɗɗaama Debbo hooreejo lannda nPDP. Caggal mum o naati e fedde wiyeteende APC (APC) e wondude e guwerneer Murtala Nyako e guwerneeruuji goɗɗi. O fooli, o yalti e hooreejo fedde APC to diiwaan Adamawa. Nasaraaku maako nder cuɓol ngol waɗi mo debbo arandeejo hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Luural gonngal hakkunde suɓol ardiiɓe APC e nder diiwaan Adamawa, fotnoo ko bonnude lannda ka. Binta Masi Garba haɓi masin ngam hawtuki lanyol ngol nder jiha Adamawa O ardii gooto nder primaaji partiiji ɓurɗi nasaraaku nder jiha Adamawa bana hooreejo jooɗorde hukuumaaji rento nder jiha Adamawa Chapter APC. O rokkaama yamiroore ngam tawtoreede jooɗorde Senaa e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi, o yalti e ƴaañoowo makko gorko. Ñalnde 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2015, o heɓi jooɗorde Senaa to diiwaan Senaa Adamawa worgo, nde o heɓi e nokkuuji 3 laamu nokkuuji e nder LGAaji 5 e nder zone o. Binta waɗii e ardii goomuuji keewɗi e nder suudu sarɗiiji ɗi ina jeyaa heen hooreejo goomu Senaa ngam jaŋde toownde e TETFUND. E hitaande 2022, Binta woniino hooreejo fedde toppitiinde laabi ndiyam nder leydi (NIWA). o laati kadi tergal hukuumaaji pamari lesdi Naajeeriya (NPA) hakkunde 2020 e 2021. Ko ina tolnoo e 100 senaateer cuɓaama e Asaambele ngenndi 8ɓo, kono ko 6 tan ngoni heen rewɓe. Heddiiɓe ɓee ko Monsurat Sunmonu mo diiwaan Oyo, Stella Oduah e Uche Ekwunife kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe lomtii Anambra, Fatimat Raji Rasaki, Oluremi Tinubu e Rose Okoji Oko. == Njeenaaje == Binta Masi Garba heɓii njeenaaje keewɗe, e majje: Jaɓɓungal sukaaɓe ɓurɓe waawde (TOYP) e nder leydi Najeriya 2002 PRS - Njeenaari kaŋŋe rewɓe teskinɓe ; Prime International - Njeenaari rewɓe e nder ardaade lewru mee 2002 Fedde rewɓe e worɓe luumo, Abuja Role Model njeenaari Sept 2002 Jaaynde Dame - Njeenaari rewɓe Naajeeriya (Modtal) - 2002 Njeenaari Goomu Ngenndiijo Moɓondiral Rewɓe - Jewel men (NAWOMCO) Njeenaari Ceertugol Ardorde (Wakiili’en ɓurɓe teddineede) Darnde nafoore ngam ɓamtaare demokaraasi parlemaa nder leydi Naajeeriya. NCWS; Njeenaari mawndi - 2016 Sukaaɓe Fuɗnaange ngam Jam e Ɓamtaare Njeenaari mawnikinaare debbo afriknaajo WAELE/ARCELFA - 2016 Njeenaari Merit Dental Leyɗeele e Yimooɓe Leydi Fedde Kerecee'en lesdi Naajeeriya - 2016 Njeenaari ardungal (LLA) Senator hitaande dowla Adamawa - 2016 Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Modibbo Adama – Njeenaari Yola - 2016 Jaaynde Hoodere Fuɗnaange-rewo hokkii njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder politikaaji debbo e hitaande - 2017 Njeenaari ardorde ɓurndi moƴƴude e Fooyre Sheroes - 2017 Fedde annduɓe laboratuwaaruuji safaara rewɓe leydi Najeriya. Njeenaari njeenaari ngam gollal ngal aldaa e paltoor e neɗɗaagu - 2017 == Tuugnorgal == 8hd835jforv088usjyxhb3flge5bwea 176540 176535 2026-06-26T08:36:14Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Binta Masi GarbaListenR''' (jibinaa ko 17 abriil 1967) ko dawriyanke Naajeeriya, debbo njulaagu, balloowo, daraniiɗo potal rewɓe e worɓe e njuɓɓudi, o woniino senateer diiwaan Adamawa to bannge worgo diiwaan Adamawa gila 2015 Hooreejo leydi lannda siyaasaaku mawka winnditaaka nder leydi Naajeeriya (Kongres All Progressives, Chapter State Adamawa). Binta golliima e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii laabi tati, tuggi 1999 haa 2011. Ko kanko woni dawriyanke gadano ardaade diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi e nder diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi: (1999-2007, Kaduna Sud, diiwaan Kaduna e 2007-2011, Madagali/Michika, diiwaan Adamawa tan). Koolol ngol e hitaande 2014. O suɓaama cukko hooreejo gadano fedde parlemaa rewɓe Commonwealth (CWP) e les njiimaandi Fedde parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to leydi Kameruun. Ko kanko tan woni debbo Senator-Elect nder diiwalji 19 lesdi Naajeeriya fuu nder suɓol 2015. O woni kadi, debbo gooto tan nulaaɗo ummoraade e diiwaan Adamawa to batu ngenndiwal to Abuja.<ref name="futes.edu.ng">{{Cite web|title=Pro-Chancellor {{!}} Federal University of Technology and Environmental Sciences {{!}} Federal University of Technology and Environmental Sciences|url=https://futes.edu.ng/officials/pro-chancellor|access-date=2026-03-31|website=futes.edu.ng}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Muhammad|first=Muhammad K.|date=2009-06-13|title=My father was IBB's driver —Hon. Binta Masi Garba|url=https://dailytrust.com/my-father-was-ibbs-driver-hon-binta-masi-garba|access-date=2020-10-07|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="futes.edu.ng" /> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Binta Masi Garba jibinaama to suudu konu leydi Kaduna, jibnaaɓe mum ko juulɓe. Jibnaaɓe makko ko Kamwe ummoriiɗo Bazza, nokku laamu Michika to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗmo e jibnaaɓe makko, ko noon o inniraa Masi e fawaade e innde aadaaji Kamwe. Baaba makko, Kaporal Tumba Garba, ko ofisee konu, ko sofer. O riiwti yimɓe sooja'en ɗuuɗɓe, bana Muhammadu Buhari, Sani Abacha, Ibrahiima Babangida, Olusegun Obasanjo e Murtala Muhammadu. O mawni ko e galle kerecee en kono o naati lislaam caggal nguurndam makko. E nder cukaagu makko, o naati diine kerecee en, ɗum mettini e baaba makko, e wiyde makko, "o wuli kala ko njogiimi". Kono, caggal ɗuum o ari jaɓde kuulal makko ngal. Hakkunde 1975 e 1981, o naati duɗal sukaaɓe konu, to kanto D keso, to Hayin Banki, to Kaduna. Gila ɗoon o yahri to duɗal hakkundeewal, o heɓi (GCE/WAEC ‘O’ Level) e duɗal ñalnde laamu, Kurmin Mashi, Kaduna Sud, Kaduna, hakkunde 1981 e 1987. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o heɓi Dipolomaaji Marke9D (ON.)1 (Njulaagu HND, hitaande 1997). E hitaande 2004, o naati duɗal laamu Harvard Kennedy - Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harvard (Njuɓɓudi kaalis laamu). O mari Diplomaji ɗiɗi nder diina diga Duɗal Bibel ngam mawnugo Ekklessiya e kuugal kuugal, e kuugal Matthew Owujaye, Kaduna. Ko o keɓɗo dipolom Doktoraa tedduɗo e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Smith Christian, to Miami, Florida. == Golle politik == Binta Masi Garba fuɗɗi kuugal siyaasa maako nder hitaande 1998 haa Kaduna, lesdi Naajeeriya. Ko adii ɗuum, o golliima e jaayndeeji New Nigeria Newspapers ngam wonde ofisee advertisement, hitaande nde o fotnoo heɓde promotion mo o rokkaaka sabu ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe. Binta Masi Garba ko sahaa fof daraninooɗo hakkeeji rewɓe; ko ɗum addani mo ƴettude mandat ngam wallitde ɓe e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde to diiwaan Kaduna Sud Federal. Ɓooytaani e oon humpito ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe, o fellitii naatde e politik e hitaande 1998 to diiwaan Kaduna, nokku ɗo pinal ɓurngal heewde haɗi rewɓe wonde e nder renndo. Bidsee makko gadano e hitaande 1998, o heɓaani. o tawtoraama kadi e hitaande 1999 ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii, o heɓi heen 5 000 woote. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo lesdi Naajeeriya ɓurduɗo famɗugo nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1999. Caggal nde o heɓi jaalorgal arandewal, o fooli kadi hitaande 2003, o heɓi nasaraaku dow ƴamɗe maako bee limngal 50,000. E hitaande 2006, ɓadiiɗo joofgol manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, guwerneer diiwaan Adamawa e oon sahaa, hono Boni Haruna, nde nani golle makko moƴƴe e nder diiwaan Kaduna Sud, o ñaagii mo yo o artu e diiwaan makko, diiwaan Adamawa, o tawtoree. Caggal nde o waɗi diisnondiral, o jaɓi, o jippii ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii e nder diiwaan Madagali/Michika e les njiimaandi PDP. O heɓi jooɗorde nden o wakiili diiwal ngal gila 2007 haa 2011. Caggal suɓol 2011 filmo, "“Koyɗe ngam Naajeeriya", waɗi ɗum dow ardungal rewɓe siyaasaaku Naajeeriya nden Garba ɗon nder rewɓe suɓaaɓe Sani, diiwal Kaduna; Hon. Caggal nde o woni tataɓo e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o artiri woote, o fooli Titsi Ganama. Lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP) e gardagol Bamanga Tukur ina joginoo caɗeele ardorde mawɗe, fedde hesere ummii e hitaande 2013. Fedde hesere PDP nde wonnoo ko e gardagol Abubakar Kawu Baraje. Fedde hesere ndee wiyetee ko PDP keso (nPDP). Binta Masi Garba toɗɗaama Debbo hooreejo lannda nPDP. Caggal mum o naati e fedde wiyeteende APC (APC) e wondude e guwerneer Murtala Nyako e guwerneeruuji goɗɗi. O fooli, o yalti e hooreejo fedde APC to diiwaan Adamawa. Nasaraaku maako nder cuɓol ngol waɗi mo debbo arandeejo hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Luural gonngal hakkunde suɓol ardiiɓe APC e nder diiwaan Adamawa, fotnoo ko bonnude lannda ka. Binta Masi Garba haɓi masin ngam hawtuki lanyol ngol nder jiha Adamawa O ardii gooto nder primaaji partiiji ɓurɗi nasaraaku nder jiha Adamawa bana hooreejo jooɗorde hukuumaaji rento nder jiha Adamawa Chapter APC. O rokkaama yamiroore ngam tawtoreede jooɗorde Senaa e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi, o yalti e ƴaañoowo makko gorko. Ñalnde 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2015, o heɓi jooɗorde Senaa to diiwaan Senaa Adamawa worgo, nde o heɓi e nokkuuji 3 laamu nokkuuji e nder LGAaji 5 e nder zone o. Binta waɗii e ardii goomuuji keewɗi e nder suudu sarɗiiji ɗi ina jeyaa heen hooreejo goomu Senaa ngam jaŋde toownde e TETFUND. E hitaande 2022, Binta woniino hooreejo fedde toppitiinde laabi ndiyam nder leydi (NIWA). o laati kadi tergal hukuumaaji pamari lesdi Naajeeriya (NPA) hakkunde 2020 e 2021. Ko ina tolnoo e 100 senaateer cuɓaama e Asaambele ngenndi 8ɓo, kono ko 6 tan ngoni heen rewɓe. Heddiiɓe ɓee ko Monsurat Sunmonu mo diiwaan Oyo, Stella Oduah e Uche Ekwunife kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe lomtii Anambra, Fatimat Raji Rasaki, Oluremi Tinubu e Rose Okoji Oko. == Njeenaaje == Binta Masi Garba heɓii njeenaaje keewɗe, e majje: Jaɓɓungal sukaaɓe ɓurɓe waawde (TOYP) e nder leydi Najeriya 2002 PRS - Njeenaari kaŋŋe rewɓe teskinɓe ; Prime International - Njeenaari rewɓe e nder ardaade lewru mee 2002 Fedde rewɓe e worɓe luumo, Abuja Role Model njeenaari Sept 2002 Jaaynde Dame - Njeenaari rewɓe Naajeeriya (Modtal) - 2002 Njeenaari Goomu Ngenndiijo Moɓondiral Rewɓe - Jewel men (NAWOMCO) Njeenaari Ceertugol Ardorde (Wakiili’en ɓurɓe teddineede) Darnde nafoore ngam ɓamtaare demokaraasi parlemaa nder leydi Naajeeriya. NCWS; Njeenaari mawndi - 2016 Sukaaɓe Fuɗnaange ngam Jam e Ɓamtaare Njeenaari mawnikinaare debbo afriknaajo WAELE/ARCELFA - 2016 Njeenaari Merit Dental Leyɗeele e Yimooɓe Leydi Fedde Kerecee'en lesdi Naajeeriya - 2016 Njeenaari ardungal (LLA) Senator hitaande dowla Adamawa - 2016 Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Modibbo Adama – Njeenaari Yola - 2016 Jaaynde Hoodere Fuɗnaange-rewo hokkii njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder politikaaji debbo e hitaande - 2017 Njeenaari ardorde ɓurndi moƴƴude e Fooyre Sheroes - 2017 Fedde annduɓe laboratuwaaruuji safaara rewɓe leydi Najeriya. Njeenaari njeenaari ngam gollal ngal aldaa e paltoor e neɗɗaagu - 2017 == Tuugnorgal == 6pzi48qnmurrt0lj815r8u0rya5a329 176544 176540 2026-06-26T08:38:16Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Binta Masi GarbaListenR''' (jibinaa ko 17 abriil 1967) ko dawriyanke Naajeeriya, debbo njulaagu, balloowo, daraniiɗo potal rewɓe e worɓe e njuɓɓudi, o woniino senateer diiwaan Adamawa to bannge worgo diiwaan Adamawa gila 2015 Hooreejo leydi lannda siyaasaaku mawka winnditaaka nder leydi Naajeeriya (Kongres All Progressives, Chapter State Adamawa). Binta golliima e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii laabi tati, tuggi 1999 haa 2011. Ko kanko woni dawriyanke gadano ardaade diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi e nder diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi: (1999-2007, Kaduna Sud, diiwaan Kaduna e 2007-2011, Madagali/Michika, diiwaan Adamawa tan). Koolol ngol e hitaande 2014. O suɓaama cukko hooreejo gadano fedde parlemaa rewɓe Commonwealth (CWP) e les njiimaandi Fedde parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to leydi Kameruun. Ko kanko tan woni debbo Senator-Elect nder diiwalji 19 lesdi Naajeeriya fuu nder suɓol 2015. O woni kadi, debbo gooto tan nulaaɗo ummoraade e diiwaan Adamawa to batu ngenndiwal to Abuja.<ref name="futes.edu.ng">{{Cite web|title=Pro-Chancellor {{!}} Federal University of Technology and Environmental Sciences {{!}} Federal University of Technology and Environmental Sciences|url=https://futes.edu.ng/officials/pro-chancellor|access-date=2026-03-31|website=futes.edu.ng}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Muhammad|first=Muhammad K.|date=2009-06-13|title=My father was IBB's driver —Hon. Binta Masi Garba|url=https://dailytrust.com/my-father-was-ibbs-driver-hon-binta-masi-garba|access-date=2020-10-07|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="futes.edu.ng" /> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Binta Masi Garba jibinaama to suudu konu leydi Kaduna, jibnaaɓe mum ko juulɓe. Jibnaaɓe makko ko Kamwe ummoriiɗo Bazza, nokku laamu Michika to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗmo e jibnaaɓe makko, ko noon o inniraa Masi e fawaade e innde aadaaji Kamwe. Baaba makko, Kaporal Tumba Garba, ko ofisee konu, ko sofer. O riiwti yimɓe sooja'en ɗuuɗɓe, bana Muhammadu Buhari, Sani Abacha, Ibrahiima Babangida, Olusegun Obasanjo e Murtala Muhammadu. O mawni ko e galle kerecee en kono o naati lislaam caggal nguurndam makko. E nder cukaagu makko, o naati diine kerecee en, ɗum mettini e baaba makko, e wiyde makko, "o wuli kala ko njogiimi". Kono, caggal ɗuum o ari jaɓde kuulal makko ngal.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/nass2/portfolio/profile.php?id=Hon.Binta.Garba|title=National Assembly - Federal Republic of Nigeria|first=Nigerian National|last=Assembly|website=www.nassnig.org|accessdate=9 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/politics/17040-binta-masi-garba-the-story-of-first-female-party-chairperson-in-nigeria|title=Binta Masi Garba: The story of first female party chairperson|date=2014-05-25|accessdate=2017-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101838/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/politics/17040-binta-masi-garba-the-story-of-first-female-party-chairperson-in-nigeria|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref><ref name="futes.edu.ng2" /> Hakkunde 1975 e 1981, o naati duɗal sukaaɓe konu, to kanto D keso, to Hayin Banki, to Kaduna. Gila ɗoon o yahri to duɗal hakkundeewal, o heɓi (GCE/WAEC ‘O’ Level) e duɗal ñalnde laamu, Kurmin Mashi, Kaduna Sud, Kaduna, hakkunde 1981 e 1987. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o heɓi Dipolomaaji Marke9D (ON.)1 (Njulaagu HND, hitaande 1997). E hitaande 2004, o naati duɗal laamu Harvard Kennedy - Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harvard (Njuɓɓudi kaalis laamu). O mari Diplomaji ɗiɗi nder diina diga Duɗal Bibel ngam mawnugo Ekklessiya e kuugal kuugal, e kuugal Matthew Owujaye, Kaduna. Ko o keɓɗo dipolom Doktoraa tedduɗo e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Smith Christian, to Miami, Florida. == Golle politik == Binta Masi Garba fuɗɗi kuugal siyaasa maako nder hitaande 1998 haa Kaduna, lesdi Naajeeriya. Ko adii ɗuum, o golliima e jaayndeeji New Nigeria Newspapers ngam wonde ofisee advertisement, hitaande nde o fotnoo heɓde promotion mo o rokkaaka sabu ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe. Binta Masi Garba ko sahaa fof daraninooɗo hakkeeji rewɓe; ko ɗum addani mo ƴettude mandat ngam wallitde ɓe e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde to diiwaan Kaduna Sud Federal. Ɓooytaani e oon humpito ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe, o fellitii naatde e politik e hitaande 1998 to diiwaan Kaduna, nokku ɗo pinal ɓurngal heewde haɗi rewɓe wonde e nder renndo. Bidsee makko gadano e hitaande 1998, o heɓaani. o tawtoraama kadi e hitaande 1999 ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii, o heɓi heen 5 000 woote. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo lesdi Naajeeriya ɓurduɗo famɗugo nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1999. Caggal nde o heɓi jaalorgal arandewal, o fooli kadi hitaande 2003, o heɓi nasaraaku dow ƴamɗe maako bee limngal 50,000. E hitaande 2006, ɓadiiɗo joofgol manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, guwerneer diiwaan Adamawa e oon sahaa, hono Boni Haruna, nde nani golle makko moƴƴe e nder diiwaan Kaduna Sud, o ñaagii mo yo o artu e diiwaan makko, diiwaan Adamawa, o tawtoree. Caggal nde o waɗi diisnondiral, o jaɓi, o jippii ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii e nder diiwaan Madagali/Michika e les njiimaandi PDP. O heɓi jooɗorde nden o wakiili diiwal ngal gila 2007 haa 2011. Caggal suɓol 2011 filmo, "“Koyɗe ngam Naajeeriya", waɗi ɗum dow ardungal rewɓe siyaasaaku Naajeeriya nden Garba ɗon nder rewɓe suɓaaɓe Sani, diiwal Kaduna; Hon. Caggal nde o woni tataɓo e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o artiri woote, o fooli Titsi Ganama. Lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP) e gardagol Bamanga Tukur ina joginoo caɗeele ardorde mawɗe, fedde hesere ummii e hitaande 2013. Fedde hesere PDP nde wonnoo ko e gardagol Abubakar Kawu Baraje. Fedde hesere ndee wiyetee ko PDP keso (nPDP). Binta Masi Garba toɗɗaama Debbo hooreejo lannda nPDP. Caggal mum o naati e fedde wiyeteende APC (APC) e wondude e guwerneer Murtala Nyako e guwerneeruuji goɗɗi. O fooli, o yalti e hooreejo fedde APC to diiwaan Adamawa. Nasaraaku maako nder cuɓol ngol waɗi mo debbo arandeejo hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Luural gonngal hakkunde suɓol ardiiɓe APC e nder diiwaan Adamawa, fotnoo ko bonnude lannda ka. Binta Masi Garba haɓi masin ngam hawtuki lanyol ngol nder jiha Adamawa O ardii gooto nder primaaji partiiji ɓurɗi nasaraaku nder jiha Adamawa bana hooreejo jooɗorde hukuumaaji rento nder jiha Adamawa Chapter APC. O rokkaama yamiroore ngam tawtoreede jooɗorde Senaa e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi, o yalti e ƴaañoowo makko gorko. Ñalnde 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2015, o heɓi jooɗorde Senaa to diiwaan Senaa Adamawa worgo, nde o heɓi e nokkuuji 3 laamu nokkuuji e nder LGAaji 5 e nder zone o. Binta waɗii e ardii goomuuji keewɗi e nder suudu sarɗiiji ɗi ina jeyaa heen hooreejo goomu Senaa ngam jaŋde toownde e TETFUND. E hitaande 2022, Binta woniino hooreejo fedde toppitiinde laabi ndiyam nder leydi (NIWA). o laati kadi tergal hukuumaaji pamari lesdi Naajeeriya (NPA) hakkunde 2020 e 2021. Ko ina tolnoo e 100 senaateer cuɓaama e Asaambele ngenndi 8ɓo, kono ko 6 tan ngoni heen rewɓe. Heddiiɓe ɓee ko Monsurat Sunmonu mo diiwaan Oyo, Stella Oduah e Uche Ekwunife kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe lomtii Anambra, Fatimat Raji Rasaki, Oluremi Tinubu e Rose Okoji Oko. == Njeenaaje == Binta Masi Garba heɓii njeenaaje keewɗe, e majje: Jaɓɓungal sukaaɓe ɓurɓe waawde (TOYP) e nder leydi Najeriya 2002 PRS - Njeenaari kaŋŋe rewɓe teskinɓe ; Prime International - Njeenaari rewɓe e nder ardaade lewru mee 2002 Fedde rewɓe e worɓe luumo, Abuja Role Model njeenaari Sept 2002 Jaaynde Dame - Njeenaari rewɓe Naajeeriya (Modtal) - 2002 Njeenaari Goomu Ngenndiijo Moɓondiral Rewɓe - Jewel men (NAWOMCO) Njeenaari Ceertugol Ardorde (Wakiili’en ɓurɓe teddineede) Darnde nafoore ngam ɓamtaare demokaraasi parlemaa nder leydi Naajeeriya. NCWS; Njeenaari mawndi - 2016 Sukaaɓe Fuɗnaange ngam Jam e Ɓamtaare Njeenaari mawnikinaare debbo afriknaajo WAELE/ARCELFA - 2016 Njeenaari Merit Dental Leyɗeele e Yimooɓe Leydi Fedde Kerecee'en lesdi Naajeeriya - 2016 Njeenaari ardungal (LLA) Senator hitaande dowla Adamawa - 2016 Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Modibbo Adama – Njeenaari Yola - 2016 Jaaynde Hoodere Fuɗnaange-rewo hokkii njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder politikaaji debbo e hitaande - 2017 Njeenaari ardorde ɓurndi moƴƴude e Fooyre Sheroes - 2017 Fedde annduɓe laboratuwaaruuji safaara rewɓe leydi Najeriya. Njeenaari njeenaari ngam gollal ngal aldaa e paltoor e neɗɗaagu - 2017 == Tuugnorgal == 4yyloamh6xy0zmui0pblf470n3t0gfb 176549 176544 2026-06-26T08:40:55Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Binta Masi GarbaListenR''' (jibinaa ko 17 abriil 1967) ko dawriyanke Naajeeriya, debbo njulaagu, balloowo, daraniiɗo potal rewɓe e worɓe e njuɓɓudi, o woniino senateer diiwaan Adamawa to bannge worgo diiwaan Adamawa gila 2015 Hooreejo leydi lannda siyaasaaku mawka winnditaaka nder leydi Naajeeriya (Kongres All Progressives, Chapter State Adamawa). Binta golliima e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii laabi tati, tuggi 1999 haa 2011. Ko kanko woni dawriyanke gadano ardaade diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi e nder diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi: (1999-2007, Kaduna Sud, diiwaan Kaduna e 2007-2011, Madagali/Michika, diiwaan Adamawa tan). Koolol ngol e hitaande 2014. O suɓaama cukko hooreejo gadano fedde parlemaa rewɓe Commonwealth (CWP) e les njiimaandi Fedde parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to leydi Kameruun. Ko kanko tan woni debbo Senator-Elect nder diiwalji 19 lesdi Naajeeriya fuu nder suɓol 2015. O woni kadi, debbo gooto tan nulaaɗo ummoraade e diiwaan Adamawa to batu ngenndiwal to Abuja.<ref name="futes.edu.ng">{{Cite web|title=Pro-Chancellor {{!}} Federal University of Technology and Environmental Sciences {{!}} Federal University of Technology and Environmental Sciences|url=https://futes.edu.ng/officials/pro-chancellor|access-date=2026-03-31|website=futes.edu.ng}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Muhammad|first=Muhammad K.|date=2009-06-13|title=My father was IBB's driver —Hon. Binta Masi Garba|url=https://dailytrust.com/my-father-was-ibbs-driver-hon-binta-masi-garba|access-date=2020-10-07|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="futes.edu.ng" /> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Binta Masi Garba jibinaama to suudu konu leydi Kaduna, jibnaaɓe mum ko juulɓe. Jibnaaɓe makko ko Kamwe ummoriiɗo Bazza, nokku laamu Michika to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗmo e jibnaaɓe makko, ko noon o inniraa Masi e fawaade e innde aadaaji Kamwe. Baaba makko, Kaporal Tumba Garba, ko ofisee konu, ko sofer. O riiwti yimɓe sooja'en ɗuuɗɓe, bana Muhammadu Buhari, Sani Abacha, Ibrahiima Babangida, Olusegun Obasanjo e Murtala Muhammadu. O mawni ko e galle kerecee en kono o naati lislaam caggal nguurndam makko. E nder cukaagu makko, o naati diine kerecee en, ɗum mettini e baaba makko, e wiyde makko, "o wuli kala ko njogiimi". Kono, caggal ɗuum o ari jaɓde kuulal makko ngal.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/nass2/portfolio/profile.php?id=Hon.Binta.Garba|title=National Assembly - Federal Republic of Nigeria|first=Nigerian National|last=Assembly|website=www.nassnig.org|accessdate=9 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/politics/17040-binta-masi-garba-the-story-of-first-female-party-chairperson-in-nigeria|title=Binta Masi Garba: The story of first female party chairperson|date=2014-05-25|accessdate=2017-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101838/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/politics/17040-binta-masi-garba-the-story-of-first-female-party-chairperson-in-nigeria|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref><ref name="futes.edu.ng2" /> Hakkunde 1975 e 1981, o naati duɗal sukaaɓe konu, to kanto D keso, to Hayin Banki, to Kaduna. Gila ɗoon o yahri to duɗal hakkundeewal, o heɓi (GCE/WAEC ‘O’ Level) e duɗal ñalnde laamu, Kurmin Mashi, Kaduna Sud, Kaduna, hakkunde 1981 e 1987. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o heɓi Dipolomaaji Marke9D (ON.)1 (Njulaagu HND, hitaande 1997). E hitaande 2004, o naati duɗal laamu Harvard Kennedy - Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harvard (Njuɓɓudi kaalis laamu). O mari Diplomaji ɗiɗi nder diina diga Duɗal Bibel ngam mawnugo Ekklessiya e kuugal kuugal, e kuugal Matthew Owujaye, Kaduna. Ko o keɓɗo dipolom Doktoraa tedduɗo e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Smith Christian, to Miami, Florida.<ref name="auto1" />.<ref>{{cite web|title="Dreams for Nigeria" Documentary Premieres {{!}} IRI|url=https://www.iri.org/resource/%E2%80%9Cdreams-nigeria%E2%80%9D-documentary-premieres|website=www.iri.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref> == Golle politik == Binta Masi Garba fuɗɗi kuugal siyaasa maako nder hitaande 1998 haa Kaduna, lesdi Naajeeriya. Ko adii ɗuum, o golliima e jaayndeeji New Nigeria Newspapers ngam wonde ofisee advertisement, hitaande nde o fotnoo heɓde promotion mo o rokkaaka sabu ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe. Binta Masi Garba ko sahaa fof daraninooɗo hakkeeji rewɓe; ko ɗum addani mo ƴettude mandat ngam wallitde ɓe e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde to diiwaan Kaduna Sud Federal. Ɓooytaani e oon humpito ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe, o fellitii naatde e politik e hitaande 1998 to diiwaan Kaduna, nokku ɗo pinal ɓurngal heewde haɗi rewɓe wonde e nder renndo. Bidsee makko gadano e hitaande 1998, o heɓaani. o tawtoraama kadi e hitaande 1999 ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii, o heɓi heen 5 000 woote. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo lesdi Naajeeriya ɓurduɗo famɗugo nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1999. Caggal nde o heɓi jaalorgal arandewal, o fooli kadi hitaande 2003, o heɓi nasaraaku dow ƴamɗe maako bee limngal 50,000. E hitaande 2006, ɓadiiɗo joofgol manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, guwerneer diiwaan Adamawa e oon sahaa, hono Boni Haruna, nde nani golle makko moƴƴe e nder diiwaan Kaduna Sud, o ñaagii mo yo o artu e diiwaan makko, diiwaan Adamawa, o tawtoree. Caggal nde o waɗi diisnondiral, o jaɓi, o jippii ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii e nder diiwaan Madagali/Michika e les njiimaandi PDP. O heɓi jooɗorde nden o wakiili diiwal ngal gila 2007 haa 2011. Caggal suɓol 2011 filmo, "“Koyɗe ngam Naajeeriya", waɗi ɗum dow ardungal rewɓe siyaasaaku Naajeeriya nden Garba ɗon nder rewɓe suɓaaɓe Sani, diiwal Kaduna; Hon. Caggal nde o woni tataɓo e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o artiri woote, o fooli Titsi Ganama. Lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP) e gardagol Bamanga Tukur ina joginoo caɗeele ardorde mawɗe, fedde hesere ummii e hitaande 2013. Fedde hesere PDP nde wonnoo ko e gardagol Abubakar Kawu Baraje. Fedde hesere ndee wiyetee ko PDP keso (nPDP). Binta Masi Garba toɗɗaama Debbo hooreejo lannda nPDP. Caggal mum o naati e fedde wiyeteende APC (APC) e wondude e guwerneer Murtala Nyako e guwerneeruuji goɗɗi. O fooli, o yalti e hooreejo fedde APC to diiwaan Adamawa. Nasaraaku maako nder cuɓol ngol waɗi mo debbo arandeejo hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Luural gonngal hakkunde suɓol ardiiɓe APC e nder diiwaan Adamawa, fotnoo ko bonnude lannda ka. Binta Masi Garba haɓi masin ngam hawtuki lanyol ngol nder jiha Adamawa O ardii gooto nder primaaji partiiji ɓurɗi nasaraaku nder jiha Adamawa bana hooreejo jooɗorde hukuumaaji rento nder jiha Adamawa Chapter APC. O rokkaama yamiroore ngam tawtoreede jooɗorde Senaa e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi, o yalti e ƴaañoowo makko gorko. Ñalnde 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2015, o heɓi jooɗorde Senaa to diiwaan Senaa Adamawa worgo, nde o heɓi e nokkuuji 3 laamu nokkuuji e nder LGAaji 5 e nder zone o. Binta waɗii e ardii goomuuji keewɗi e nder suudu sarɗiiji ɗi ina jeyaa heen hooreejo goomu Senaa ngam jaŋde toownde e TETFUND. E hitaande 2022, Binta woniino hooreejo fedde toppitiinde laabi ndiyam nder leydi (NIWA). o laati kadi tergal hukuumaaji pamari lesdi Naajeeriya (NPA) hakkunde 2020 e 2021. Ko ina tolnoo e 100 senaateer cuɓaama e Asaambele ngenndi 8ɓo, kono ko 6 tan ngoni heen rewɓe. Heddiiɓe ɓee ko Monsurat Sunmonu mo diiwaan Oyo, Stella Oduah e Uche Ekwunife kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe lomtii Anambra, Fatimat Raji Rasaki, Oluremi Tinubu e Rose Okoji Oko. == Njeenaaje == Binta Masi Garba heɓii njeenaaje keewɗe, e majje: Jaɓɓungal sukaaɓe ɓurɓe waawde (TOYP) e nder leydi Najeriya 2002 PRS - Njeenaari kaŋŋe rewɓe teskinɓe ; Prime International - Njeenaari rewɓe e nder ardaade lewru mee 2002 Fedde rewɓe e worɓe luumo, Abuja Role Model njeenaari Sept 2002 Jaaynde Dame - Njeenaari rewɓe Naajeeriya (Modtal) - 2002 Njeenaari Goomu Ngenndiijo Moɓondiral Rewɓe - Jewel men (NAWOMCO) Njeenaari Ceertugol Ardorde (Wakiili’en ɓurɓe teddineede) Darnde nafoore ngam ɓamtaare demokaraasi parlemaa nder leydi Naajeeriya. NCWS; Njeenaari mawndi - 2016 Sukaaɓe Fuɗnaange ngam Jam e Ɓamtaare Njeenaari mawnikinaare debbo afriknaajo WAELE/ARCELFA - 2016 Njeenaari Merit Dental Leyɗeele e Yimooɓe Leydi Fedde Kerecee'en lesdi Naajeeriya - 2016 Njeenaari ardungal (LLA) Senator hitaande dowla Adamawa - 2016 Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Modibbo Adama – Njeenaari Yola - 2016 Jaaynde Hoodere Fuɗnaange-rewo hokkii njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder politikaaji debbo e hitaande - 2017 Njeenaari ardorde ɓurndi moƴƴude e Fooyre Sheroes - 2017 Fedde annduɓe laboratuwaaruuji safaara rewɓe leydi Najeriya. Njeenaari njeenaari ngam gollal ngal aldaa e paltoor e neɗɗaagu - 2017 == Tuugnorgal == 2jo4rfr8khhbq8uzuavllblpeiej7si 176551 176549 2026-06-26T08:44:55Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Binta Masi GarbaListenR''' (jibinaa ko 17 abriil 1967) ko dawriyanke Naajeeriya, debbo njulaagu, balloowo, daraniiɗo potal rewɓe e worɓe e njuɓɓudi, o woniino senateer diiwaan Adamawa to bannge worgo diiwaan Adamawa gila 2015 Hooreejo leydi lannda siyaasaaku mawka winnditaaka nder leydi Naajeeriya (Kongres All Progressives, Chapter State Adamawa). Binta golliima e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii laabi tati, tuggi 1999 haa 2011. Ko kanko woni dawriyanke gadano ardaade diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi e nder diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ceertuɗi: (1999-2007, Kaduna Sud, diiwaan Kaduna e 2007-2011, Madagali/Michika, diiwaan Adamawa tan). Koolol ngol e hitaande 2014. O suɓaama cukko hooreejo gadano fedde parlemaa rewɓe Commonwealth (CWP) e les njiimaandi Fedde parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to leydi Kameruun. Ko kanko tan woni debbo Senator-Elect nder diiwalji 19 lesdi Naajeeriya fuu nder suɓol 2015. O woni kadi, debbo gooto tan nulaaɗo ummoraade e diiwaan Adamawa to batu ngenndiwal to Abuja.<ref name="futes.edu.ng">{{Cite web|title=Pro-Chancellor {{!}} Federal University of Technology and Environmental Sciences {{!}} Federal University of Technology and Environmental Sciences|url=https://futes.edu.ng/officials/pro-chancellor|access-date=2026-03-31|website=futes.edu.ng}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Muhammad|first=Muhammad K.|date=2009-06-13|title=My father was IBB's driver —Hon. Binta Masi Garba|url=https://dailytrust.com/my-father-was-ibbs-driver-hon-binta-masi-garba|access-date=2020-10-07|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="futes.edu.ng" /> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Binta Masi Garba jibinaama to suudu konu leydi Kaduna, jibnaaɓe mum ko juulɓe. Jibnaaɓe makko ko Kamwe ummoriiɗo Bazza, nokku laamu Michika to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗmo e jibnaaɓe makko, ko noon o inniraa Masi e fawaade e innde aadaaji Kamwe. Baaba makko, Kaporal Tumba Garba, ko ofisee konu, ko sofer. O riiwti yimɓe sooja'en ɗuuɗɓe, bana Muhammadu Buhari, Sani Abacha, Ibrahiima Babangida, Olusegun Obasanjo e Murtala Muhammadu. O mawni ko e galle kerecee en kono o naati lislaam caggal nguurndam makko. E nder cukaagu makko, o naati diine kerecee en, ɗum mettini e baaba makko, e wiyde makko, "o wuli kala ko njogiimi". Kono, caggal ɗuum o ari jaɓde kuulal makko ngal.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/nass2/portfolio/profile.php?id=Hon.Binta.Garba|title=National Assembly - Federal Republic of Nigeria|first=Nigerian National|last=Assembly|website=www.nassnig.org|accessdate=9 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/politics/17040-binta-masi-garba-the-story-of-first-female-party-chairperson-in-nigeria|title=Binta Masi Garba: The story of first female party chairperson|date=2014-05-25|accessdate=2017-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101838/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/politics/17040-binta-masi-garba-the-story-of-first-female-party-chairperson-in-nigeria|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref><ref name="futes.edu.ng2" /> Hakkunde 1975 e 1981, o naati duɗal sukaaɓe konu, to kanto D keso, to Hayin Banki, to Kaduna. Gila ɗoon o yahri to duɗal hakkundeewal, o heɓi (GCE/WAEC ‘O’ Level) e duɗal ñalnde laamu, Kurmin Mashi, Kaduna Sud, Kaduna, hakkunde 1981 e 1987. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o heɓi Dipolomaaji Marke9D (ON.)1 (Njulaagu HND, hitaande 1997). E hitaande 2004, o naati duɗal laamu Harvard Kennedy - Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harvard (Njuɓɓudi kaalis laamu). O mari Diplomaji ɗiɗi nder diina diga Duɗal Bibel ngam mawnugo Ekklessiya e kuugal kuugal, e kuugal Matthew Owujaye, Kaduna. Ko o keɓɗo dipolom Doktoraa tedduɗo e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Smith Christian, to Miami, Florida.<ref name="auto1" />.<ref>{{cite web|title="Dreams for Nigeria" Documentary Premieres {{!}} IRI|url=https://www.iri.org/resource/%E2%80%9Cdreams-nigeria%E2%80%9D-documentary-premieres|website=www.iri.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref> == Golle politik == Binta Masi Garba fuɗɗi kuugal siyaasa maako nder hitaande 1998 haa Kaduna, lesdi Naajeeriya. Ko adii ɗuum, o golliima e jaayndeeji New Nigeria Newspapers ngam wonde ofisee advertisement, hitaande nde o fotnoo heɓde promotion mo o rokkaaka sabu ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe. Binta Masi Garba ko sahaa fof daraninooɗo hakkeeji rewɓe; ko ɗum addani mo ƴettude mandat ngam wallitde ɓe e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde to diiwaan Kaduna Sud Federal. Ɓooytaani e oon humpito ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe, o fellitii naatde e politik e hitaande 1998 to diiwaan Kaduna, nokku ɗo pinal ɓurngal heewde haɗi rewɓe wonde e nder renndo. Bidsee makko gadano e hitaande 1998, o heɓaani. o tawtoraama kadi e hitaande 1999 ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii, o heɓi heen 5 000 woote. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo lesdi Naajeeriya ɓurduɗo famɗugo nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1999. Caggal nde o heɓi jaalorgal arandewal, o fooli kadi hitaande 2003, o heɓi nasaraaku dow ƴamɗe maako bee limngal 50,000.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2013/11/10/npdp-sets-committee-receive-five-new-governors|location=New York City, United States|title=NPDP Sets Up Committee To Receive Five New Governors|date=10 November 2013|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]|accessdate=9 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/adamawa-makes-history-as-woman-emerges-chairperson-of-apc/177564/|title=Adamawa Makes History as Woman Emerges Chairperson of APC, Articles &#124; THISDAY LIVE|accessdate=2015-04-11|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411175131/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/adamawa-makes-history-as-woman-emerges-chairperson-of-apc/177564/|archivedate=11 April 2015|df=dmy|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agbo|first=Catherine|date=2021-10-10|title=REVEALED: Top women in politics who are now missing|url=https://21stcenturychronicle.com/revealed-top-women-in-politics-who-are-now-missing/|access-date=2023-02-19|website=21st CENTURY CHRONICLE|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="futes.edu.ng3" /> E hitaande 2006, ɓadiiɗo joofgol manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, guwerneer diiwaan Adamawa e oon sahaa, hono Boni Haruna, nde nani golle makko moƴƴe e nder diiwaan Kaduna Sud, o ñaagii mo yo o artu e diiwaan makko, diiwaan Adamawa, o tawtoree. Caggal nde o waɗi diisnondiral, o jaɓi, o jippii ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii e nder diiwaan Madagali/Michika e les njiimaandi PDP. O heɓi jooɗorde nden o wakiili diiwal ngal gila 2007 haa 2011. Caggal suɓol 2011 filmo, "“Koyɗe ngam Naajeeriya", waɗi ɗum dow ardungal rewɓe siyaasaaku Naajeeriya nden Garba ɗon nder rewɓe suɓaaɓe Sani, diiwal Kaduna; Hon. Caggal nde o woni tataɓo e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o artiri woote, o fooli Titsi Ganama. Lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP) e gardagol Bamanga Tukur ina joginoo caɗeele ardorde mawɗe, fedde hesere ummii e hitaande 2013. Fedde hesere PDP nde wonnoo ko e gardagol Abubakar Kawu Baraje. Fedde hesere ndee wiyetee ko PDP keso (nPDP). Binta Masi Garba toɗɗaama Debbo hooreejo lannda nPDP. Caggal mum o naati e fedde wiyeteende APC (APC) e wondude e guwerneer Murtala Nyako e guwerneeruuji goɗɗi. O fooli, o yalti e hooreejo fedde APC to diiwaan Adamawa. Nasaraaku maako nder cuɓol ngol waɗi mo debbo arandeejo hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Luural gonngal hakkunde suɓol ardiiɓe APC e nder diiwaan Adamawa, fotnoo ko bonnude lannda ka. Binta Masi Garba haɓi masin ngam hawtuki lanyol ngol nder jiha Adamawa O ardii gooto nder primaaji partiiji ɓurɗi nasaraaku nder jiha Adamawa bana hooreejo jooɗorde hukuumaaji rento nder jiha Adamawa Chapter APC. O rokkaama yamiroore ngam tawtoreede jooɗorde Senaa e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi, o yalti e ƴaañoowo makko gorko. Ñalnde 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2015, o heɓi jooɗorde Senaa to diiwaan Senaa Adamawa worgo, nde o heɓi e nokkuuji 3 laamu nokkuuji e nder LGAaji 5 e nder zone o. Binta waɗii e ardii goomuuji keewɗi e nder suudu sarɗiiji ɗi ina jeyaa heen hooreejo goomu Senaa ngam jaŋde toownde e TETFUND. E hitaande 2022, Binta woniino hooreejo fedde toppitiinde laabi ndiyam nder leydi (NIWA). o laati kadi tergal hukuumaaji pamari lesdi Naajeeriya (NPA) hakkunde 2020 e 2021. Ko ina tolnoo e 100 senaateer cuɓaama e Asaambele ngenndi 8ɓo, kono ko 6 tan ngoni heen rewɓe. Heddiiɓe ɓee ko Monsurat Sunmonu mo diiwaan Oyo, Stella Oduah e Uche Ekwunife kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe lomtii Anambra, Fatimat Raji Rasaki, Oluremi Tinubu e Rose Okoji Oko. == Njeenaaje == Binta Masi Garba heɓii njeenaaje keewɗe, e majje: Jaɓɓungal sukaaɓe ɓurɓe waawde (TOYP) e nder leydi Najeriya 2002 PRS - Njeenaari kaŋŋe rewɓe teskinɓe ; Prime International - Njeenaari rewɓe e nder ardaade lewru mee 2002 Fedde rewɓe e worɓe luumo, Abuja Role Model njeenaari Sept 2002 Jaaynde Dame - Njeenaari rewɓe Naajeeriya (Modtal) - 2002 Njeenaari Goomu Ngenndiijo Moɓondiral Rewɓe - Jewel men (NAWOMCO) Njeenaari Ceertugol Ardorde (Wakiili’en ɓurɓe teddineede) Darnde nafoore ngam ɓamtaare demokaraasi parlemaa nder leydi Naajeeriya. NCWS; Njeenaari mawndi - 2016 Sukaaɓe Fuɗnaange ngam Jam e Ɓamtaare Njeenaari mawnikinaare debbo afriknaajo WAELE/ARCELFA - 2016 Njeenaari Merit Dental Leyɗeele e Yimooɓe Leydi Fedde Kerecee'en lesdi Naajeeriya - 2016 Njeenaari ardungal (LLA) Senator hitaande dowla Adamawa - 2016 Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Modibbo Adama – Njeenaari Yola - 2016 Jaaynde Hoodere Fuɗnaange-rewo hokkii njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder politikaaji debbo e hitaande - 2017 Njeenaari ardorde ɓurndi moƴƴude e Fooyre Sheroes - 2017 Fedde annduɓe laboratuwaaruuji safaara rewɓe leydi Najeriya. Njeenaari njeenaari ngam gollal ngal aldaa e paltoor e neɗɗaagu - 2017 == Tuugnorgal == b8gnt48uqwc2qr36yd9xbk2wbqs0jy6 0 42573 176527 2026-06-26T08:25:26Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Stephen Makoji Achema''' // c (jibinaa ko ñalnde 15 lewru juko hitaande 1947; maayi ko ñalnde 6 noowammbar 1999) ko Politiyanke Najeriyaajo, jiɗɗo leydi mum e ƴettugol Igala. O jibinaa ko e galle Andrew Achema Oyibo ummoriiɗo e leñol Ayija e nder laamu Aleji (waɗooɓe laamɗo Igalamela) ñalnde 15 lewru juko hitaande 1947, o maayi ñalnde 6 noowammbar hitaande 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Obaje|first=Abdulrahman|date=2019-11-12|title=Remembering a Colossus, Dr St..." 176527 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stephen Makoji Achema''' // c (jibinaa ko ñalnde 15 lewru juko hitaande 1947; maayi ko ñalnde 6 noowammbar 1999) ko Politiyanke Najeriyaajo, jiɗɗo leydi mum e ƴettugol Igala. O jibinaa ko e galle Andrew Achema Oyibo ummoriiɗo e leñol Ayija e nder laamu Aleji (waɗooɓe laamɗo Igalamela) ñalnde 15 lewru juko hitaande 1947, o maayi ñalnde 6 noowammbar hitaande 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Obaje|first=Abdulrahman|date=2019-11-12|title=Remembering a Colossus, Dr Stephen Achema (1947-1999)|url=https://dailyasset.ng/remembering-a-colossus-dr-stephen-achema-1947-1999/|access-date=2022-08-29|website=Daily Asset Online|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal be8wfv7rlbl0dl8s4j4wfqp3wo0ouk3 0 42574 176547 2026-06-26T08:40:37Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Lateef Adegbite''' (20 mars 1933 – 28 suwee 2012) ko awokaajo wonnooɗo Awokaa mawɗo to diiwaan hirnaange leydi Najeriya, caggal ɗuum o wonti Sekereteer mawɗo to Kawtal Toowngal Najeriya ngam geɗe Lislaam.<ref name="Paden">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k18it9nWOh0C&pg=PA65|pages=65, 249|chapter=Abdu-Lateef Oladimeji Adegbite|title=Muslim civic cultures and conflict resolution: the challenge of democratic federalism in Nigeria|last=Pad..." 176547 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lateef Adegbite''' (20 mars 1933 – 28 suwee 2012) ko awokaajo wonnooɗo Awokaa mawɗo to diiwaan hirnaange leydi Najeriya, caggal ɗuum o wonti Sekereteer mawɗo to Kawtal Toowngal Najeriya ngam geɗe Lislaam.<ref name="Paden">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k18it9nWOh0C&pg=PA65|pages=65, 249|chapter=Abdu-Lateef Oladimeji Adegbite|title=Muslim civic cultures and conflict resolution: the challenge of democratic federalism in Nigeria|last=Paden|first=John N.|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|year=2005|isbn=0-8157-6817-6}}</ref> === Jibinannde e jaŋde === Abdu-Lateef Oladimeji Adegbite jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 marse 1933 e nder galle Egba juulɓe tiiɗɓe to Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. E wiyde daartol gootol, o janngi ko e duɗal Metodist, to Abeokuta.<ref name="Nation">{{cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/31784/1/I-started-school-late-for-fear-ofbeing-convertedinto-other-religions---Lateef-Adegbite/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=I started school late for fear of being converted into other religions – Lateef Adegbite|last=Avwode|first=Augustine|date=9 January 2010|access-date=11 June 2011|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> O wiyi e hoore makko o janngii duɗal Arab, caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal leslesal St. Paul to Igbore, Abeokuta e hitaande 1942, nde o yahrata e duuɓi jeenay. Adegbite heɓi bursi ngam nastuki janngirde King’s College, Lagos, haa o laati ardiiɗo lesdi ndin e hooreejo arandeejo kawtal janngooɓe juulɓe lesdi Naajeeriya, o heɓi janngirde maako nder hitaande 1956.<ref name="Nation2">{{cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/31784/1/I-started-school-late-for-fear-ofbeing-convertedinto-other-religions---Lateef-Adegbite/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=I started school late for fear of being converted into other religions – Lateef Adegbite|last=Avwode|first=Augustine|date=9 January 2010|access-date=11 June 2011|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> E hitaande 1959, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Obafemi Awolowo, rokki mo bursi ngam yahde Angalteer ngam janngude dipolomaaji sariya e nder peeje ɗe hooreejo F.R.A. Wiliyam. Adegbite naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Southampton, o heɓi heen seedantaagal B.A. e nder sariya e lewru sulyee 1962. Ndeen o janngii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sariya ngam awokaaji, to Lancaster Gate to Londres, caggal ɗuum o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Gray’s Inn (1963-1965).<ref name="Nation3">{{cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/31784/1/I-started-school-late-for-fear-ofbeing-convertedinto-other-religions---Lateef-Adegbite/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=I started school late for fear of being converted into other religions – Lateef Adegbite|last=Avwode|first=Augustine|date=9 January 2010|access-date=11 June 2011|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Caggal mum o dañi Bursi Commonwealth ngam janngude caggal duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to Angalteer.<ref name="Nation5">{{cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/31784/1/I-started-school-late-for-fear-ofbeing-convertedinto-other-religions---Lateef-Adegbite/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=I started school late for fear of being converted into other religions – Lateef Adegbite|last=Avwode|first=Augustine|date=9 January 2010|access-date=11 June 2011|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> O fuɗɗii golle makko ko jannginde sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos, o woni e ndee ɗoo darnde haa o woppi golle makko ngam yahde e golle makko e lewru suwee 1976.<ref name="Nation4">{{cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/31784/1/I-started-school-late-for-fear-ofbeing-convertedinto-other-religions---Lateef-Adegbite/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=I started school late for fear of being converted into other religions – Lateef Adegbite|last=Avwode|first=Augustine|date=9 January 2010|access-date=11 June 2011|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> === Caggal golle === E hitaande 1971 Adegbite toɗɗaama Komisinaajo ngam laamuuji lesdi e kuuɗe mawɓe nder diiwal hirnaange ɓooymawal lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati laamu sooja’en Brigadier Christopher Oluwole Rotimi. Ndeen o toɗɗaama Komiseer Ñaawooje e Awokaa mawɗo diiwaan Hirnaange e hitaande 1973.<ref name="Nation6">{{cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/31784/1/I-started-school-late-for-fear-ofbeing-convertedinto-other-religions---Lateef-Adegbite/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=I started school late for fear of being converted into other religions – Lateef Adegbite|last=Avwode|first=Augustine|date=9 January 2010|access-date=11 June 2011|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> E lewru Oktoobar 1976 o sosi fedde sariya Lateef Adegbite & Co hono gollodiiɗo mawɗo, e biro mawɗo to Lagos e biro cakkitiiɗo to Abeokuta, ko o keɓtinaaɗo e sariya njulaagu e njuɓɓudi.<ref name="Nation7">{{cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/31784/1/I-started-school-late-for-fear-ofbeing-convertedinto-other-religions---Lateef-Adegbite/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=I started school late for fear of being converted into other religions – Lateef Adegbite|last=Avwode|first=Augustine|date=9 January 2010|access-date=11 June 2011|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ofis Abeokuta woni ko Ago-Oba.[5] O jeyaa ko e sosɓe fedde renndoyankoore Abeokuta e hitaande 1972.<ref name="Nation8">{{cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/31784/1/I-started-school-late-for-fear-ofbeing-convertedinto-other-religions---Lateef-Adegbite/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=I started school late for fear of being converted into other religions – Lateef Adegbite|last=Avwode|first=Augustine|date=9 January 2010|access-date=11 June 2011|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Adegbite woni hooreejo Goomu Olimpiyaade leydi Najeriya gila 1972 haa 1985.<ref name="Nation9">{{cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/31784/1/I-started-school-late-for-fear-ofbeing-convertedinto-other-religions---Lateef-Adegbite/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=I started school late for fear of being converted into other religions – Lateef Adegbite|last=Avwode|first=Augustine|date=9 January 2010|access-date=11 June 2011|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> O woniino Pro-Chancellor e hooreejo Diiso Goomu Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Maiduguri tuggi 1984 haa 1990. O wonti tergal e goomu toppitiingu golle njulaagu e njulaagu e nder diiwaan Lagos.<ref name="Nation10">{{cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/31784/1/I-started-school-late-for-fear-ofbeing-convertedinto-other-religions---Lateef-Adegbite/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=I started school late for fear of being converted into other religions – Lateef Adegbite|last=Avwode|first=Augustine|date=9 January 2010|access-date=11 June 2011|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> O wonti gardiiɗo fedde Assurance Industrielle et générale Plc.<ref name="Nation11">{{cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/31784/1/I-started-school-late-for-fear-ofbeing-convertedinto-other-religions---Lateef-Adegbite/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=I started school late for fear of being converted into other religions – Lateef Adegbite|last=Avwode|first=Augustine|date=9 January 2010|access-date=11 June 2011|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Adegbite toɗɗaama yo won Kumaandaŋ fedde Niiseer (CON).<ref name="Nation12">{{cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/31784/1/I-started-school-late-for-fear-ofbeing-convertedinto-other-religions---Lateef-Adegbite/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=I started school late for fear of being converted into other religions – Lateef Adegbite|last=Avwode|first=Augustine|date=9 January 2010|access-date=11 June 2011|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> O mari tiitooɗe aadaaji Seriki mo Egbaland e Baba Adinni mo juulɓe Egba.<ref name="Nation13">{{cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/31784/1/I-started-school-late-for-fear-ofbeing-convertedinto-other-religions---Lateef-Adegbite/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=I started school late for fear of being converted into other religions – Lateef Adegbite|last=Avwode|first=Augustine|date=9 January 2010|access-date=11 June 2011|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ñalnde 9 marse 2011 hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan toɗɗii mo hooreejo goomu hooreejo leydi ngam humpitaade yimɓe e kisal e golle siwil.<ref name="Nation14">{{cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/31784/1/I-started-school-late-for-fear-ofbeing-convertedinto-other-religions---Lateef-Adegbite/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=I started school late for fear of being converted into other religions – Lateef Adegbite|last=Avwode|first=Augustine|date=9 January 2010|access-date=11 June 2011|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Dr Lateef Adegbite ko miñiiko daartoowo mawɗo, lolluɗo, ganndo mawɗo, biyeteeɗo Saburi Biobaku (1918–2001), gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos.<ref name="Nation15">{{cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/31784/1/I-started-school-late-for-fear-ofbeing-convertedinto-other-religions---Lateef-Adegbite/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=I started school late for fear of being converted into other religions – Lateef Adegbite|last=Avwode|first=Augustine|date=9 January 2010|access-date=11 June 2011|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> == Ardiiɗo juulɓe == E nder batu doosɗe leydi e hitaande 1976, Adegbite hollitii wonde ina yiɗi naatnude ñaawirɗe lislaam e nder diiwanuuji fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya, o wiyi wonde juulɓe ina njogii hakke ñaaweede geɗe mum en no sariyaaji shari’a nii".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TwMrnkWVSEUC&pg=PA167|pages=167–168|title=Challenges of Interreligious Dialogue: Between the Christian and the Muslim Communities in Nigeria|author=Edmund Emeka Ezegbobelu|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2009|isbn=978-3-631-58993-9}}</ref> O wi'i "Juulɓe ngalaa doosɗe e sariyaaji goɗɗi so wonaa ko Shari'a lelni. Shari'a ko sariya diine ina lomtoo sariyaaji siwil e moraal goɗɗi ɗii fof ".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TwMrnkWVSEUC&pg=PA167|pages=167–168|title=Challenges of Interreligious Dialogue: Between the Christian and the Muslim Communities in Nigeria|author=Edmund Emeka Ezegbobelu|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2009|isbn=978-3-631-58993-9}}</ref>O fotnoo ko wallitde golle ɗe M.K.O. Abiola ngam nastinugo shari'a nder jihaaji fombina nder fuɗɗam kitaale 1990".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TwMrnkWVSEUC&pg=PA167|pages=167–168|title=Challenges of Interreligious Dialogue: Between the Christian and the Muslim Communities in Nigeria|author=Edmund Emeka Ezegbobelu|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2009|isbn=978-3-631-58993-9}}</ref> O hollitii ndee ɗoo darnde e lewru Duujal 2002 e nder yonta mo jokkere enɗam ɓeydii hakkunde Kerecee’en e Juulɓe.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgEbAOseuq8C&pg=PA33|page=33|title=Faith and politics in Nigeria: Nigeria as a pivotal state in the Muslim world|last=Paden|first=John N.|publisher=US Institute of Peace Press|year=2008|isbn=978-1-60127-029-0}}</ref> Adegbite wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde hijjooɓe e nder diiwaan Ogun, kadi ko tergal fedde hijjooɓe leydi ndii.Nde Ibraahiima Dasuki laatake Sultan Sokoto nder hitaande 1988 nden o hooreejo kawtal hoore lesdi Naajeeriya ngam kuuɗe lislaama (NSCIA), Adegbite toɗɗaama hooreejo kawtal ngal E gardagol Adegbite e Dasuki NSCIA, sosaande e hitaande 1974, ɓeydii tiiɗde no feewi E darorɗe hitaande 2002 e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2003, Adegbite ina wondi e luural hakkunde yimɓe e binndoowo biyeteeɗo Wole Soyinka, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel, o tuumi ardiiɓe juulɓe ɓee wonde ina njuɓɓina fitinaaji caggal nde fitinaaji mbaɗi to Kaduna, tawi ko yimɓe heewɓe mbaraa. Asli mum ko luutndaade juulɓe ngam waɗde kawgel Miss World beauty to leydi Najeriya. Fitinaaji ɗii ummorii ko e ko ƴettaa ko e haalaaji bonɗi ɗi jaayndiyanke Kerecee’en, Isioma Daniel, winndi wonde so Annabi tawtoraama hiirde ndee ina waawi suɓaade gooto e tawtoraaɓe ɓee ngam wonde debbo.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgEbAOseuq8C&pg=PA33|page=33|title=Faith and politics in Nigeria: Nigeria as a pivotal state in the Muslim world|last=Paden|first=John N.|publisher=US Institute of Peace Press|year=2008|isbn=978-1-60127-029-0}}</ref> Caggal mum cukko guwerneer diiwaan Zamfara, Mamauda Aliyu Shinkafi, hollitii e nder konngol mum wonde ina waawi wonde juulɗo ina waawi rufde ƴiiƴam Isioma Daniel. Adegbite salii ɗoon e ɗoon ndee ɗoo darnde, nde tawnoo jaayndiyanke oo wonaa juulɗo, jaaynde ndee yaafniima e yeeso yimɓe fof.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgEbAOseuq8C&pg=PA33|page=33|title=Faith and politics in Nigeria: Nigeria as a pivotal state in the Muslim world|last=Paden|first=John N.|publisher=US Institute of Peace Press|year=2008|isbn=978-1-60127-029-0}}</ref> Adegbite wiyi e winndannde jaaynde oktoobar 2003 wonde « Amerik e wonndiiɓe mum ina poti waawde jaɓde wonde kulhuli winndereeji ɓurɗi heewde ɗii ina ustoo no feewi so tawii nuunɗal ina jokki e...Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo. Hokkude Palestiinnaaɓe leydi mum en, nattii [wonde] plateauji ngam Osama bin Ladens oo aduna ina ƴellitoo. So nuunɗal alaa, jam waawataa wonde Nde UNESCO yuɓɓini batu ko faati e kaaldigal hakkunde diineeji to Abuja e lewru Duujal 2003, Adegbite noddaama ngam haalde ko fayti e Darnde ardiiɓe diineeji e nder ƴellitgol luural == Maayde == Dr Adegbite sankii ko to Lagos ñalnde 28 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 2012. {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal kkofux9pinsmigsr0owznin9urmkqtl 0 42575 176552 2026-06-26T08:53:48Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Risikat Ajoke Adegeye''' ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Lagos.<ref name="punchng">{{Cite web|last=Oyeleke|first=Sodiq|date=2021-09-21|title=UPDATED: Ex-Lagos lawmaker, King Sunny Ade's wife Risikat Adegeye is dead|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-ex-lagos-lawmaker-king-sunny-ades-wife-risikat-adegeye-is-dead/|access-date=2026-06-19|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> == Golle == Ajoke wonnoo ko Adegeye wonnoo ko..." 176552 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Risikat Ajoke Adegeye''' ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Lagos.<ref name="punchng">{{Cite web|last=Oyeleke|first=Sodiq|date=2021-09-21|title=UPDATED: Ex-Lagos lawmaker, King Sunny Ade's wife Risikat Adegeye is dead|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-ex-lagos-lawmaker-king-sunny-ades-wife-risikat-adegeye-is-dead/|access-date=2026-06-19|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> == Golle == Ajoke wonnoo ko Adegeye wonnoo ko gonnooɗo ɗaɓɓoowo hooreejo les njiimaandi All Progressives Congress e nder diiwaan laamu nokku Amuwo Odofin, kadi ko tergal e Asaambele 6ɓo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Lagos, lomtotooɗo Amuwo-Odofin to suudu sarɗiiji leydi Lagos hakkunde11 e == Nguurndam neɗɗo == O resii mawɗo Sunday Adeniyi Adegeye, ganndiraaɗo kadi laamɗo Sunny Ade, e yumma George Olawande Adegeye.<ref name="punchng2">{{Cite web|last=Oyeleke|first=Sodiq|date=2021-09-21|title=UPDATED: Ex-Lagos lawmaker, King Sunny Ade's wife Risikat Adegeye is dead|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-ex-lagos-lawmaker-king-sunny-ades-wife-risikat-adegeye-is-dead/|access-date=2026-06-19|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=SHITTU|first=PELUMI|date=2021-09-21|title=King Sunny Ade loses wife hours before 75th birthday|url=https://gazettengr.com/king-sunny-ade-loses-wife-hours-before-75th-birthday/|access-date=2026-06-19|website=Peoples Gazette Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2021-09-21|title=Former Lagos Lawmaker, King Sunny Ade's Wife, Ajoke Adegeye Dead|url=https://guardian.ng/life/former-lagos-lawmaker-king-sunny-ades-wife-ajoke-adegeye-dead/|access-date=2026-06-19|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Maayde == Risikat maayi ko ñalnde 21 suwee 2021, caggal rafi seeɗa.<ref name="punchng3">{{Cite web|last=Oyeleke|first=Sodiq|date=2021-09-21|title=UPDATED: Ex-Lagos lawmaker, King Sunny Ade's wife Risikat Adegeye is dead|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-ex-lagos-lawmaker-king-sunny-ades-wife-risikat-adegeye-is-dead/|access-date=2026-06-19|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ogunyinka|first=Victor|date=2021-09-21|title=Ex-Lagos Lawmaker, King Sunny Ade's wife, Ajoke Adegeye, is dead|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/09/ex-lagos-lawmaker-king-sunny-ades-wife-ajoke-adegeye-is-dead/|access-date=2026-06-19|website=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref> {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal qp9xrabe8bv0yeyuy0kkgv2e4p5dtp5 0 42576 176553 2026-06-26T08:57:50Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Busari Adelakun''' ko siyaasyanke Najeriya, jeyaaɗo to nokkuure Ejioku nder wuro Ibadan, nder jihawol Oyo. O hawti bee kawtal Action Group e kawtal kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya (UPN) wakkati Republique arandeere e ɗiɗaɓre. Ko o tergal UPN e caggal mum NPN to Ibadan e nder republique ɗiɗaɓo, Adelakun wonnoo ko neɗɗo teeŋtuɗo e nder politik jiiɓru wuro ngoo. Baaba Adelakun ko remoowo kakawo ummoriiɗo Ibadan, o roni ngesa baaba makko nde o maayi. Nde o fuɗɗii..." 176553 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Busari Adelakun''' ko siyaasyanke Najeriya, jeyaaɗo to nokkuure Ejioku nder wuro Ibadan, nder jihawol Oyo. O hawti bee kawtal Action Group e kawtal kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya (UPN) wakkati Republique arandeere e ɗiɗaɓre. Ko o tergal UPN e caggal mum NPN to Ibadan e nder republique ɗiɗaɓo, Adelakun wonnoo ko neɗɗo teeŋtuɗo e nder politik jiiɓru wuro ngoo. Baaba Adelakun ko remoowo kakawo ummoriiɗo Ibadan, o roni ngesa baaba makko nde o maayi. Nde o fuɗɗii golle makko politik gadane, ko ngam daranaade baaba makko e nder batuuji lannda leƴƴi Ibadan. Gila ɗoon Adelakun naati e fedde Action Group, ko golle tiiɗɗe wonande lannda ka heɓde ballal e nder Ibadan sabu njiimaandi gorko gooto, Adegoke Adelabu, hay caggal maayde Adelabu AG heɓaani ballal no feewi e nder Ibadan e fitinaaji puɗɗiiɗi caggal maayde Adelabu' targeted heewɓe e feccere nde. Feccere e nder AG hakkunde hooreejo leydi ndii, Akintola e gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi oo, Awolowo feeñii e hitaande 1962. Adelakun ina jokki e fedde Awolowo. Caggal ɗuum, fedde Adelakun leefni to Ibadan e sahaa jiiɓru e nder diiwaan hirnaange. Caggal nde kuudetaa konu fusi republique democratique, Adelakun arti e ndema, kadi naati e senngo remooɓe, wonti hooreejo mum. E hitaande 1976, o dañii wooteeji laamu nokkuuji to Ibadan caggal nde o waɗi caɗeele seeɗa tawi ina jeyaa heen ƴaañgal gadanal. Caggal nde o woppitaa woote ɗee e fuɗɗoode, wondiiɓe Adelakun ndartini woote ɗee, o yahi to ñaawirde ngam wiyde woote ɗee mbaɗaaka. Ñaawirde ndee jaɓi ɗaɓɓaande makko, caggal nde woote kese ɗee mbaɗi, Adelakun hollitaama ko kañum heɓi. E hitaande 1979, Adelakun hawti e hooreejo lanyol goɗɗo, Archideacon Emmanuel Alayande ngam wallugo UPN heɓugo ko ɓuri woote haa Ibadan, ɗum gootel nder laabi seɗɗa ɗi lanyol Awolowo ardii heɓi heɓugo ko ɓuri woote nder wuro ngo. E hitaande 1979, o toɗɗaa komisariyaajo laamu nokkuyankeewu to diiwaan Oyo, duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, o artiraa e ministeer cellal. E hitaande 1983, Adelakun naati e fedde luulndiinde kanndidaagal Bola Ige ngam wonde guwerneer UPN. Adelakun e tergal goɗɗo e fedde nde, Sunday Afolabi caggal ɗuum naati e lannda luulndo, NPN. Adelakun ko kasoo hitaande 1984 e laamu konu kesu nguu, tawi ko seneraal mawɗo Muhammadu Buhari ardii ɗum. == Wade == O maayi ko e hitaande 1984 to opitaal janngirde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos ngam rafi cellal nde o woni e kasoo haa jooni.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-09-18|title=Bawa, FFK, Shehu: Of slump, slum and somersault|url=https://www.thecable.ng/bawa-ffk-shehu-of-slump-slum-and-somersault|access-date=2022-08-11|newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal 5mpp2x3td3gzeilf7xnbbx5l9crp9n1 176570 176553 2026-06-26T10:34:54Z Adamu mc 10501 176570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Busari Adelakun''' ko siyaasyanke Najeriya, jeyaaɗo to nokkuure Ejioku nder wuro Ibadan, nder jihawol Oyo. O hawti bee kawtal Action Group e kawtal kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya (UPN) wakkati Republique arandeere e ɗiɗaɓre. Ko o tergal UPN e caggal mum NPN to Ibadan e nder republique ɗiɗaɓo, Adelakun wonnoo ko neɗɗo teeŋtuɗo e nder politik jiiɓru wuro ngoo. Baaba Adelakun ko remoowo kakawo ummoriiɗo Ibadan, o roni ngesa baaba makko nde o maayi. Nde o fuɗɗii golle makko politik gadane, ko ngam daranaade baaba makko e nder batuuji lannda leƴƴi Ibadan. Gila ɗoon Adelakun naati e fedde Action Group, ko golle tiiɗɗe wonande lannda ka heɓde ballal e nder Ibadan sabu njiimaandi gorko gooto, Adegoke Adelabu, hay caggal maayde Adelabu AG heɓaani ballal no feewi e nder Ibadan e fitinaaji puɗɗiiɗi caggal maayde Adelabu' targeted heewɓe e feccere nde. Feccere e nder AG hakkunde hooreejo leydi ndii, Akintola e gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi oo, Awolowo feeñii e hitaande 1962. Adelakun ina jokki e fedde Awolowo. Caggal ɗuum, fedde Adelakun leefni to Ibadan e sahaa jiiɓru e nder diiwaan hirnaange. Caggal nde kuudetaa konu fusi republique democratique, Adelakun arti e ndema, kadi naati e senngo remooɓe, wonti hooreejo mum. E hitaande 1976, o dañii wooteeji laamu nokkuuji to Ibadan caggal nde o waɗi caɗeele seeɗa tawi ina jeyaa heen ƴaañgal gadanal. Caggal nde o woppitaa woote ɗee e fuɗɗoode, wondiiɓe Adelakun ndartini woote ɗee, o yahi to ñaawirde ngam wiyde woote ɗee mbaɗaaka. Ñaawirde ndee jaɓi ɗaɓɓaande makko, caggal nde woote kese ɗee mbaɗi, Adelakun hollitaama ko kañum heɓi. E hitaande 1979, Adelakun hawti e hooreejo lanyol goɗɗo, Archideacon Emmanuel Alayande ngam wallugo UPN heɓugo ko ɓuri woote haa Ibadan, ɗum gootel nder laabi seɗɗa ɗi lanyol Awolowo ardii heɓi heɓugo ko ɓuri woote nder wuro ngo. E hitaande 1979, o toɗɗaa komisariyaajo laamu nokkuyankeewu to diiwaan Oyo, duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, o artiraa e ministeer cellal. E hitaande 1983, Adelakun naati e fedde luulndiinde kanndidaagal Bola Ige ngam wonde guwerneer UPN. Adelakun e tergal goɗɗo e fedde nde, Sunday Afolabi caggal ɗuum naati e lannda luulndo, NPN. Adelakun ko kasoo hitaande 1984 e laamu konu kesu nguu, tawi ko seneraal mawɗo Muhammadu Buhari ardii ɗum. == Wade == O maayi ko e hitaande 1984 to opitaal janngirde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos ngam rafi cellal nde o woni e kasoo haa jooni.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-09-18|title=Bawa, FFK, Shehu: Of slump, slum and somersault|url=https://www.thecable.ng/bawa-ffk-shehu-of-slump-slum-and-somersault|access-date=2022-08-11|newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Tuugnorgal== 4ald9thw5gwv8jg9tzwec22ts9h3dn1 176571 176570 2026-06-26T10:36:01Z Adamu mc 10501 Edit 176571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Busari Adelakun''' ko siyaasyanke Najeriya, jeyaaɗo to nokkuure Ejioku nder wuro Ibadan, nder jihawol Oyo. O hawti bee kawtal Action Group e kawtal kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya (UPN) wakkati Republique arandeere e ɗiɗaɓre. Ko o tergal UPN e caggal mum NPN to Ibadan e nder republique ɗiɗaɓo, Adelakun wonnoo ko neɗɗo teeŋtuɗo e nder politik jiiɓru wuro ngoo. Baaba Adelakun ko remoowo kakawo ummoriiɗo Ibadan, o roni ngesa baaba makko nde o maayi. Nde o fuɗɗii golle makko politik gadane, ko ngam daranaade baaba makko e nder batuuji lannda leƴƴi Ibadan. Gila ɗoon Adelakun naati e fedde Action Group, ko golle tiiɗɗe wonande lannda ka heɓde ballal e nder Ibadan sabu njiimaandi gorko gooto, Adegoke Adelabu, hay caggal maayde Adelabu AG heɓaani ballal no feewi e nder Ibadan e fitinaaji puɗɗiiɗi caggal maayde Adelabu' targeted heewɓe e feccere nde. Feccere e nder AG hakkunde hooreejo leydi ndii, Akintola e gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi oo, Awolowo feeñii e hitaande 1962. Adelakun ina jokki e fedde Awolowo. Caggal ɗuum, fedde Adelakun leefni to Ibadan e sahaa jiiɓru e nder diiwaan hirnaange. Caggal nde kuudetaa konu fusi republique democratique, Adelakun arti e ndema, kadi naati e senngo remooɓe, wonti hooreejo mum. E hitaande 1976, o dañii wooteeji laamu nokkuuji to Ibadan caggal nde o waɗi caɗeele seeɗa tawi ina jeyaa heen ƴaañgal gadanal. Caggal nde o woppitaa woote ɗee e fuɗɗoode, wondiiɓe Adelakun ndartini woote ɗee, o yahi to ñaawirde ngam wiyde woote ɗee mbaɗaaka. Ñaawirde ndee jaɓi ɗaɓɓaande makko, caggal nde woote kese ɗee mbaɗi, Adelakun hollitaama ko kañum heɓi. E hitaande 1979, Adelakun hawti e hooreejo lanyol goɗɗo, Archideacon Emmanuel Alayande ngam wallugo UPN heɓugo ko ɓuri woote haa Ibadan, ɗum gootel nder laabi seɗɗa ɗi lanyol Awolowo ardii heɓi heɓugo ko ɓuri woote nder wuro ngo. E hitaande 1979, o toɗɗaa komisariyaajo laamu nokkuyankeewu to diiwaan Oyo, duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, o artiraa e ministeer cellal. E hitaande 1983, Adelakun naati e fedde luulndiinde kanndidaagal Bola Ige ngam wonde guwerneer UPN. Adelakun e tergal goɗɗo e fedde nde, Sunday Afolabi caggal ɗuum naati e lannda luulndo, NPN. Adelakun ko kasoo hitaande 1984 e laamu konu kesu nguu, tawi ko seneraal mawɗo Muhammadu Buhari ardii ɗum. == Wade == O maayi ko e hitaande 1984 to opitaal janngirde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos ngam rafi cellal nde o woni e kasoo haa jooni.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-09-18|title=Bawa, FFK, Shehu: Of slump, slum and somersault|url=https://www.thecable.ng/bawa-ffk-shehu-of-slump-slum-and-somersault|access-date=2022-08-11|newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Tuugnorgal== <references /> [[Category:Nyaddo]] e0k8ra5urborv6bbvstr5p98wqi6lq9 0 42577 176554 2026-06-26T09:03:56Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Adeeji Tajudeen Adeleke''' listen(jibinaa ko 6 mars 1957 )<ref name="auto12">{{Cite news|url=https://networthvisa.com/davido-father-net-worth-biography/|title=DAVIDO's FATHER NET WORTH 2018 AND BIOGRAPHY {Deji Adeleke} - Net Worth Visa|date=2018-01-02|work=Net Worth Visa|access-date=2018-05-15|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sde.co.ke/article/2001345311/born-rich-how-davido-s-unborn-son-is-already-minting-millions|title=Born rich: How Davido's un..." 176554 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adeeji Tajudeen Adeleke''' listen(jibinaa ko 6 mars 1957 )<ref name="auto12">{{Cite news|url=https://networthvisa.com/davido-father-net-worth-biography/|title=DAVIDO's FATHER NET WORTH 2018 AND BIOGRAPHY {Deji Adeleke} - Net Worth Visa|date=2018-01-02|work=Net Worth Visa|access-date=2018-05-15|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sde.co.ke/article/2001345311/born-rich-how-davido-s-unborn-son-is-already-minting-millions|title=Born rich: How Davido's unborn son is already minting millions|access-date=10 November 2019|archive-date=16 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616044931/https://www.sde.co.ke/article/2001345311/born-rich-how-davido-s-unborn-son-is-already-minting-millions|url-status=dead}}</ref>ko jom njulaagu mawɗo to leydi Najeriya, ko hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Adeleke.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/prof-amusans-revelation-why-adeleke-university-charges-the-lowest-fee-of-all-nigerian-universities/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Prof. Amusan revelation on why Adeleke University charges the lowest fee of all Nigerian University|accessdate=23 August 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802230654/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/prof-amusans-revelation-why-adeleke-university-charges-the-lowest-fee-of-all-nigerian-universities/|archivedate=2 August 2015|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/education/vc-flays-fg-for-excluding-private-varsities-from-tetfund/|title=VC flays FG for excluding private varsities from TETFUND|accessdate=23 August 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801061846/http://www.punchng.com/education/vc-flays-fg-for-excluding-private-varsities-from-tetfund/|archivedate=1 August 2015|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Adeleke kadi ko hooreejo fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore Pasifik.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=https://networthvisa.com/davido-father-net-worth-biography/|title=DAVIDO's FATHER NET WORTH 2018 AND BIOGRAPHY {Deji Adeleke} - Net Worth Visa|date=2018-01-02|work=Net Worth Visa|access-date=2018-05-15|language=en-US}}</ref>Ko kanko woni baaba Davido, jimoowo Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr Deji Adeleke (Davido's Father): Net Worth|date=12 August 2019|url=https://nigerianfinder.com/dr-deji-adeleke-davidos-father-net-worth/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://blog.jiji.ng/2017/09/davido-father-net-worth-private-jet-house-cars-rare-facts/|title=Davido Father: Net Worth, Private Jet, House, Cars & Rare Facts {{!}} Jiji.ng Blog|date=2017-09-09|work=Jiji.ng Blog|access-date=2018-05-15|language=en-US|archive-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813012151/https://blog.jiji.ng/2017/09/davido-father-net-worth-private-jet-house-cars-rare-facts/|url-status=dead}}</ref> O resii Doktoor Vero Adeleke mo o sankii ñalnde 6 mars 2003. Ko kanko woni mawniiko Ademola Adeleke, guwerneer diiwaan Osun hannde.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|url=https://blog.jiji.ng/2017/09/davido-father-net-worth-private-jet-house-cars-rare-facts/|title=Davido Father: Net Worth, Private Jet, House, Cars & Rare Facts {{!}} Jiji.ng Blog|date=2017-09-09|work=Jiji.ng Blog|access-date=2018-05-15|language=en-US|archive-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813012151/https://blog.jiji.ng/2017/09/davido-father-net-worth-private-jet-house-cars-rare-facts/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Jaangirde == E hitaande 1979, Adeleke heɓi dipoloma mum ko faati e kaalis to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Western Kentucky.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr Adedeji Adeleke|url=https://adelekeuniversity.edu.ng/dr-adedeji-adeleke/#:~:text=With%20a%20West%20African%20School,degree%20in%20Finance%20in%201979.|access-date=2025-01-03|website=Adeleke University|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal kgf2do75ttw17tk1bgkfwhdkh3j10ku 176568 176554 2026-06-26T10:31:32Z Adamu mc 10501 Edit 176568 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adeeji Tajudeen Adeleke''' listen (jibinaa ko 6 mars 1957 )<ref name="auto12">{{Cite news|url=https://networthvisa.com/davido-father-net-worth-biography/|title=DAVIDO's FATHER NET WORTH 2018 AND BIOGRAPHY {Deji Adeleke} - Net Worth Visa|date=2018-01-02|work=Net Worth Visa|access-date=2018-05-15|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sde.co.ke/article/2001345311/born-rich-how-davido-s-unborn-son-is-already-minting-millions|title=Born rich: How Davido's unborn son is already minting millions|access-date=10 November 2019|archive-date=16 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616044931/https://www.sde.co.ke/article/2001345311/born-rich-how-davido-s-unborn-son-is-already-minting-millions|url-status=dead}}</ref>ko jom njulaagu mawɗo to [[leydi]] Najeriya, ko hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Adeleke.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/prof-amusans-revelation-why-adeleke-university-charges-the-lowest-fee-of-all-nigerian-universities/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Prof. Amusan revelation on why Adeleke University charges the lowest fee of all Nigerian University|accessdate=23 August 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802230654/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/prof-amusans-revelation-why-adeleke-university-charges-the-lowest-fee-of-all-nigerian-universities/|archivedate=2 August 2015|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/education/vc-flays-fg-for-excluding-private-varsities-from-tetfund/|title=VC flays FG for excluding private varsities from TETFUND|accessdate=23 August 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801061846/http://www.punchng.com/education/vc-flays-fg-for-excluding-private-varsities-from-tetfund/|archivedate=1 August 2015|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Adeleke kadi ko hooreejo fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore Pasifik.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=https://networthvisa.com/davido-father-net-worth-biography/|title=DAVIDO's FATHER NET WORTH 2018 AND BIOGRAPHY {Deji Adeleke} - Net Worth Visa|date=2018-01-02|work=Net Worth Visa|access-date=2018-05-15|language=en-US}}</ref>Ko kanko woni baaba Davido, jimoowo Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr Deji Adeleke (Davido's Father): Net Worth|date=12 August 2019|url=https://nigerianfinder.com/dr-deji-adeleke-davidos-father-net-worth/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://blog.jiji.ng/2017/09/davido-father-net-worth-private-jet-house-cars-rare-facts/|title=Davido Father: Net Worth, Private Jet, House, Cars & Rare Facts {{!}} Jiji.ng Blog|date=2017-09-09|work=Jiji.ng Blog|access-date=2018-05-15|language=en-US|archive-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813012151/https://blog.jiji.ng/2017/09/davido-father-net-worth-private-jet-house-cars-rare-facts/|url-status=dead}}</ref> O resii Doktoor Vero Adeleke mo o sankii ñalnde jeewey ɗiɗi 6 lewru mars 2003. Ko kanko woni mawniiko Ademola Adeleke, guwerneer diiwaan Osun hannde.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|url=https://blog.jiji.ng/2017/09/davido-father-net-worth-private-jet-house-cars-rare-facts/|title=Davido Father: Net Worth, Private Jet, House, Cars & Rare Facts {{!}} Jiji.ng Blog|date=2017-09-09|work=Jiji.ng Blog|access-date=2018-05-15|language=en-US|archive-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813012151/https://blog.jiji.ng/2017/09/davido-father-net-worth-private-jet-house-cars-rare-facts/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Jaangirde == E hitaande 1979, Adeleke heɓi dipoloma mum ko faati e kaalis to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Western Kentucky.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr Adedeji Adeleke|url=https://adelekeuniversity.edu.ng/dr-adedeji-adeleke/#:~:text=With%20a%20West%20African%20School,degree%20in%20Finance%20in%201979.|access-date=2025-01-03|website=Adeleke University|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal a8r2sz8bpccom9jxiz8lg52fe993gu5 0 42578 176555 2026-06-26T09:08:00Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Adeoye Adisalisten'''R ko siyaasyanke, depiteejo, e awokaajo mo lesdi Oyo, lesdi Naajeeriya. O maayi ko ñalnde 16 noowammbar 2015. Ko adii maayde makko, Adisa golliima e birooji politik keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina jeyaa heen ministeer e komisinaajo.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2016-01-08|title=Adeoye Adisa, A Tribute|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/adeoye-adisa-a-tribute/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-12-29|newspaper=[..." 176555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adeoye Adisalisten'''R ko siyaasyanke, depiteejo, e awokaajo mo lesdi Oyo, lesdi Naajeeriya. O maayi ko ñalnde 16 noowammbar 2015. Ko adii maayde makko, Adisa golliima e birooji politik keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina jeyaa heen ministeer e komisinaajo.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2016-01-08|title=Adeoye Adisa, A Tribute|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/adeoye-adisa-a-tribute/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-12-29|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Anthony|first=Oliwe|date=2016-01-08|title=Adeoye Adisa, A Tribute|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/adeoye-adisa-a-tribute/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-05-30|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal m99bwxqzugmt2g8kh037qfcs5mk6vsl 0 42579 176556 2026-06-26T09:34:38Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360539699|1977 in Nigeria]]" 176556 wikitext text/x-wiki Ko ɗoo woni doggol kewuuji e '''hitaande 1977 to [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]]''' . == Joom en laamu == * Hooreejo dowla : [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * Cukko hooreejo leydi : Shehu Muusa Yar’Adua * Komiseriyaa ko feewti e ndeenka : Olusegun Obasanjo * Mawɗo konu : [[Theophilus Danjuma|Tewofil Yakubu Danjuma]] * Mawɗo ñaawirdu : Darnley Artuur Aleksanndere == Kewuuji == * 15 lewru Yarkomaa–12 Feebariyee – FESTAC 77 yuɓɓinaama to [[Lagos]] . * 18 feebariyee – Republique Kalakuta, koolol renndo ngol daraniiɗo politik biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti sosi, soldateeɓe jogiiɓe kaɓirɗe mbonni ɗum. * Ogost – Pijirlooji Afrik worgo mbaɗaama to Lagos. * Akademi ganndal leydi Najeriya sosaa. == Jibinannde == * 16 oktoobar – Lucy Ejike, ƴaañoowo doole Paralimpik * 15 suwee – [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]], binndoowo == Tuugnorgal == 1jihmr96xu3j3wtt1yj7yoz5evkn8n1 176557 176556 2026-06-26T09:35:09Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 176557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ko ɗoo woni doggol kewuuji e '''hitaande 1977 to [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]]''' . == Joom en laamu == * Hooreejo dowla : [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] * Cukko hooreejo leydi : Shehu Muusa Yar’Adua * Komiseriyaa ko feewti e ndeenka : Olusegun Obasanjo * Mawɗo konu : [[Theophilus Danjuma|Tewofil Yakubu Danjuma]] * Mawɗo ñaawirdu : Darnley Artuur Aleksanndere == Kewuuji == * 15 lewru Yarkomaa–12 Feebariyee – FESTAC 77 yuɓɓinaama to [[Lagos]] . * 18 feebariyee – Republique Kalakuta, koolol renndo ngol daraniiɗo politik biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti sosi, soldateeɓe jogiiɓe kaɓirɗe mbonni ɗum. * Ogost – Pijirlooji Afrik worgo mbaɗaama to Lagos. * Akademi ganndal leydi Najeriya sosaa. == Jibinannde == * 16 oktoobar – Lucy Ejike, ƴaañoowo doole Paralimpik * 15 suwee – [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]], binndoowo == Tuugnorgal == 04k2p8b59es5zs2mstwppm989vhih4s 0 42580 176558 2026-06-26T09:37:37Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345906009|1961 in Nigeria]]" 176558 wikitext text/x-wiki Kuje nder hitaande 1961 nder lesdi Naijeriya == en laamu == * Laamɗo : Laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II * Guwerneer mawɗo : [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] * Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe : [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Abuubakar Tafawa Balewa]] * Hooreejo Senaa : [[Dennis Osadebay]] * Hooreejo suudu : [[Ibrahim Jalo|Ibraahiima Jalo Waziri]] * Mawɗo ñaawirdu : Adetokunbo Ademola == Siyasal == * Feebariyee 1961 - referendum dow British Cameroons * 1 lewru junngo 1961 - Cameroon worgo laati dowla nder lesdi Nigeria. * Oktoobar 1961 - Kaameruun woyla woyla woɗɗiti e lesdi Naajeeriya. == Firooji == hktmhuq5rurfv0pesrem16matj48zvu 176559 176558 2026-06-26T09:38:57Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 176559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kuje nder hitaande 1961 nder lesdi Naijeriya == en laamu == * Laamɗo : Laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II * Guwerneer mawɗo : [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] * Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe : [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Abuubakar Tafawa Balewa]] * Hooreejo Senaa : [[Dennis Osadebay]] * Hooreejo suudu : [[Ibrahim Jalo|Ibraahiima Jalo Waziri]] * Mawɗo ñaawirdu : Adetokunbo Ademola == Siyasal == * Feebariyee 1961 - referendum dow British Cameroons * 1 lewru junngo 1961 - Cameroon worgo laati dowla nder lesdi Nigeria. * Oktoobar 1961 - Kaameruun woyla woyla woɗɗiti e lesdi Naajeeriya. == Firooji == 0zc78495yp4l8ekkr46q6fvzilf7lv5 0 42581 176560 2026-06-26T09:40:48Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349101385|Eastern Region, Nigeria]]" 176560 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diiwaan Fuɗnaange''' ko diiwaan njuɓɓudi e nder [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]], ummoriiɗo e feccere koloni Najeriya Hoɗɓe e hitaande 1954. Laamorde mum adannde ko [[Enugu]] . Laamorgo man ɓaawo man ummi haa Umuahia wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya ammaa o warti haa Enugu ɓaawo Biafra fooli. Diiwaan oo feccitaama e hitaande 1967 e nder diiwanuuji tati kesi, [[East Central State|diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-cakaari]], [[Diiwal River|diiwanuuji Rivers]] e diiwanuuji fuɗnaange-rewo . Diiwaan Fuɗnaange-Cakaari ina joginoo laamorgo mum to Enugu, ko hannde woni e nder [[Diiwal Enugu|Diiwaan Enugu]] . {{Sfn|Groß|Wydra|2013}} Fedde nden woodi yimɓe lesdi ɗiɗawre, ɗiɗawru e jowitiiɗo ɓurɓe mawnude, hawtiɓe e Igbo, Ibibio e Ijaw. Ɗum woni ko ɓaawo ɗun laati Biafra, ɗun ɗon nder haɓre daga 1967 haa 1970.{{Sfn|Mwakikagile|2001}} == Geography == Fedde fuunaaŋge lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon haandi nder lesdi Naajeeri fuunaaŋgo.{{Sfn|Information Service|1956}} Ɗum haani e maayo Niger nder hirnaange e woodi haandi jaango e aada e lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya haa woyla. Luttugal fuunaaŋge ɗon hakkunde lesdi Nigeria e [[Kamerun|Kameruun]], e sahaa worgo ɗon ɗon ɗon haade ko nder lesdi Gulf of Guinea. Fedde fuule nder nokkuure nden ko ko 76,000 km2 (29,400 .{{Sfn|Information Service|1956}} Nder hitaande 1965, nokkuure nden woodi yimɓe miliyonji sappo e ɗiɗi, e woɓɓe nokkuuje bana Owerri e ɓe Annang'en njooɗi nder nokkuuje ɓurɗe yimɓe nder Afrik hirnaange.{{Sfn|Van Buer|1968}} Fuu nokkuure Awka boo ɗon marugo ngam ɓesngu leydi. Fuu nokkuure ɗon woodi feere tati. Fedde coorde nder worgo ɗon jeyaa e mangrove swamps e tide waterways. Ɓeydi haa woyla to ladde woni ladde tropical rainforest, sikke alaa, nder wakkati wakkati, ɗuuɗal leɗɗe leɗɗe nder ladde ɗon laaɓina ngam mawnugo leɗɗe palme.{{Sfn|Information Service|1956}} Nder fannuji ngallewal ngal woni savanna Guinea. Lumiji mawɗi nder nokkuure nde hawti e maayoji nder nder Niger Delta bana [[Waadi Kwa Ibo|Qua Iboe]], [[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross River]], Orashi River e Imo River. Obudu Plateau nder nokkuure fuɗnaange fuɗnaande, Oban e Ikom Hills nder fure fuɗnoore e Kameruun wondi goɗɗe nder lesdi fuɗnaare nder nokkuure nden.{{Sfn|Information Service|1956}} == Taariiha == === Laamu koloniyaal === E hitaande 1849, John Beecroft, gomnaango Fernando Po, o laati jaajotooɗo konsuulare leydi Ingilande ngam lesdi Benin e Biafra.{{Sfn|Information Service|1956}} Beecroft suɓi ngam jeytaade jaaynde e jaayndeeji diga diga diga diga e diga diga diga to Benin, Bonny, Bimbia e Kameruuna hakkunde jooɗiiɓe e jaayndiyankooɓe Britani. Ɓeydaaki nder jaayɗe nder limce waɗi jaayɗe Europeeji feere ngam ɓe mbaɗda jaayɗe jaayɗe to [[Onitsha]]. Nder hitaande 1879, ɓurɗe nder kuugal ngal hawti ngam waɗugo United African Company nden ɓe hokki sariyaaji ngam jaɓugo protectorate maayo nder hitaande 1885. E hitaande 1884, laamorde jaayndeere British for the Bights of Benin and Biafra ƴetti diga Fernando Po to [[Kalaba|Calabar]] e nder hitaande 1890, Protectorate Oil Rivers, ɓaawo ɗun anndiraa Protectorate Niger Coast. Deftere Najeeriya worgo wonnoo ko e hitaande 1932 nden to hitaande 1914 laamu British koloniyaal waɗi ko ɓuri heewde nder defte laamu nder Deftere Najerya worgo. E hitaande 1939, leydi Senegaal feccitii to leydi Senegaol e leydi Senegaall.{{Sfn|Van Buer|1968}} Nder wakkati konu, leydi ndii hokki laamu ɓurɗo ngam ɓe ɗon mbaɗata yimɓe. {{Sfn|Coleman|1971}} 29s5ngqe1djlkvg72ctroleosjozlmd 176561 176560 2026-06-26T09:41:30Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 176561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Diiwaan Fuɗnaange''' ko diiwaan njuɓɓudi e nder [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]], ummoriiɗo e feccere koloni Najeriya Hoɗɓe e hitaande 1954. Laamorde mum adannde ko [[Enugu]] . Laamorgo man ɓaawo man ummi haa Umuahia wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya ammaa o warti haa Enugu ɓaawo Biafra fooli. Diiwaan oo feccitaama e hitaande 1967 e nder diiwanuuji tati kesi, [[East Central State|diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-cakaari]], [[Diiwal River|diiwanuuji Rivers]] e diiwanuuji fuɗnaange-rewo . Diiwaan Fuɗnaange-Cakaari ina joginoo laamorgo mum to Enugu, ko hannde woni e nder [[Diiwal Enugu|Diiwaan Enugu]] . {{Sfn|Groß|Wydra|2013}} Fedde nden woodi yimɓe lesdi ɗiɗawre, ɗiɗawru e jowitiiɗo ɓurɓe mawnude, hawtiɓe e Igbo, Ibibio e Ijaw. Ɗum woni ko ɓaawo ɗun laati Biafra, ɗun ɗon nder haɓre daga 1967 haa 1970.{{Sfn|Mwakikagile|2001}} == Geography == Fedde fuunaaŋge lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon haandi nder lesdi Naajeeri fuunaaŋgo.{{Sfn|Information Service|1956}} Ɗum haani e maayo Niger nder hirnaange e woodi haandi jaango e aada e lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya haa woyla. Luttugal fuunaaŋge ɗon hakkunde lesdi Nigeria e [[Kamerun|Kameruun]], e sahaa worgo ɗon ɗon ɗon haade ko nder lesdi Gulf of Guinea. Fedde fuule nder nokkuure nden ko ko 76,000 km2 (29,400 .{{Sfn|Information Service|1956}} Nder hitaande 1965, nokkuure nden woodi yimɓe miliyonji sappo e ɗiɗi, e woɓɓe nokkuuje bana Owerri e ɓe Annang'en njooɗi nder nokkuuje ɓurɗe yimɓe nder Afrik hirnaange.{{Sfn|Van Buer|1968}} Fuu nokkuure Awka boo ɗon marugo ngam ɓesngu leydi. Fuu nokkuure ɗon woodi feere tati. Fedde coorde nder worgo ɗon jeyaa e mangrove swamps e tide waterways. Ɓeydi haa woyla to ladde woni ladde tropical rainforest, sikke alaa, nder wakkati wakkati, ɗuuɗal leɗɗe leɗɗe nder ladde ɗon laaɓina ngam mawnugo leɗɗe palme.{{Sfn|Information Service|1956}} Nder fannuji ngallewal ngal woni savanna Guinea. Lumiji mawɗi nder nokkuure nde hawti e maayoji nder nder Niger Delta bana [[Waadi Kwa Ibo|Qua Iboe]], [[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross River]], Orashi River e Imo River. Obudu Plateau nder nokkuure fuɗnaange fuɗnaande, Oban e Ikom Hills nder fure fuɗnoore e Kameruun wondi goɗɗe nder lesdi fuɗnaare nder nokkuure nden.{{Sfn|Information Service|1956}} == Taariiha == === Laamu koloniyaal === E hitaande 1849, John Beecroft, gomnaango Fernando Po, o laati jaajotooɗo konsuulare leydi Ingilande ngam lesdi Benin e Biafra.{{Sfn|Information Service|1956}} Beecroft suɓi ngam jeytaade jaaynde e jaayndeeji diga diga diga diga e diga diga diga to Benin, Bonny, Bimbia e Kameruuna hakkunde jooɗiiɓe e jaayndiyankooɓe Britani. Ɓeydaaki nder jaayɗe nder limce waɗi jaayɗe Europeeji feere ngam ɓe mbaɗda jaayɗe jaayɗe to [[Onitsha]]. Nder hitaande 1879, ɓurɗe nder kuugal ngal hawti ngam waɗugo United African Company nden ɓe hokki sariyaaji ngam jaɓugo protectorate maayo nder hitaande 1885. E hitaande 1884, laamorde jaayndeere British for the Bights of Benin and Biafra ƴetti diga Fernando Po to [[Kalaba|Calabar]] e nder hitaande 1890, Protectorate Oil Rivers, ɓaawo ɗun anndiraa Protectorate Niger Coast. Deftere Najeeriya worgo wonnoo ko e hitaande 1932 nden to hitaande 1914 laamu British koloniyaal waɗi ko ɓuri heewde nder defte laamu nder Deftere Najerya worgo. E hitaande 1939, leydi Senegaal feccitii to leydi Senegaol e leydi Senegaall.{{Sfn|Van Buer|1968}} Nder wakkati konu, leydi ndii hokki laamu ɓurɗo ngam ɓe ɗon mbaɗata yimɓe. {{Sfn|Coleman|1971}} r75lpj7y0eeldige9x66aio0w5cixck 176562 176561 2026-06-26T09:43:00Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 176562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Diiwaan Fuɗnaange''' ko diiwaan njuɓɓudi e nder [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]], ummoriiɗo e feccere koloni Najeriya Hoɗɓe e hitaande 1954. Laamorde mum adannde ko [[Enugu]] . Laamorgo man ɓaawo man ummi haa Umuahia wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya ammaa o warti haa Enugu ɓaawo Biafra fooli. Diiwaan oo feccitaama e hitaande 1967 e nder diiwanuuji tati kesi, [[East Central State|diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange-cakaari]], [[Diiwal River|diiwanuuji Rivers]] e diiwanuuji fuɗnaange-rewo . Diiwaan Fuɗnaange-Cakaari ina joginoo laamorgo mum to Enugu, ko hannde woni e nder [[Diiwal Enugu|Diiwaan Enugu]] . {{Sfn|Groß|Wydra|2013}} Fedde nden woodi yimɓe lesdi ɗiɗawre, ɗiɗawru e jowitiiɗo ɓurɓe mawnude, hawtiɓe e Igbo, Ibibio e Ijaw. Ɗum woni ko ɓaawo ɗun laati Biafra, ɗun ɗon nder haɓre daga 1967 haa 1970.{{Sfn|Mwakikagile|2001}} == Geography == Fedde fuunaaŋge lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon haandi nder lesdi Naajeeri fuunaaŋgo.{{Sfn|Information Service|1956}} Ɗum haani e maayo Niger nder hirnaange e woodi haandi jaango e aada e lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya haa woyla. Luttugal fuunaaŋge ɗon hakkunde lesdi Nigeria e [[Kamerun|Kameruun]], e sahaa worgo ɗon ɗon ɗon haade ko nder lesdi Gulf of Guinea. Fedde fuule nder nokkuure nden ko ko 76,000 km2 (29,400 .{{Sfn|Information Service|1956}} Nder hitaande 1965, nokkuure nden woodi yimɓe miliyonji sappo e ɗiɗi, e woɓɓe nokkuuje bana Owerri e ɓe Annang'en njooɗi nder nokkuuje ɓurɗe yimɓe nder Afrik hirnaange.{{Sfn|Van Buer|1968}} Fuu nokkuure Awka boo ɗon marugo ngam ɓesngu leydi. Fuu nokkuure ɗon woodi feere tati. Fedde coorde nder worgo ɗon jeyaa e mangrove swamps e tide waterways. Ɓeydi haa woyla to ladde woni ladde tropical rainforest, sikke alaa, nder wakkati wakkati, ɗuuɗal leɗɗe leɗɗe nder ladde ɗon laaɓina ngam mawnugo leɗɗe palme.{{Sfn|Information Service|1956}} Nder fannuji ngallewal ngal woni savanna Guinea. Lumiji mawɗi nder nokkuure nde hawti e maayoji nder nder Niger Delta bana [[Waadi Kwa Ibo|Qua Iboe]], [[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross River]], Orashi River e Imo River. Obudu Plateau nder nokkuure fuɗnaange fuɗnaande, Oban e Ikom Hills nder fure fuɗnoore e Kameruun wondi goɗɗe nder lesdi fuɗnaare nder nokkuure nden.{{Sfn|Information Service|1956}} == Taariiha == === Laamu koloniyaal === E hitaande 1849, John Beecroft, gomnaango Fernando Po, o laati jaajotooɗo konsuulare leydi Ingilande ngam lesdi Benin e Biafra.{{Sfn|Information Service|1956}} Beecroft suɓi ngam jeytaade jaaynde e jaayndeeji diga diga diga diga e diga diga diga to Benin, Bonny, Bimbia e Kameruuna hakkunde jooɗiiɓe e jaayndiyankooɓe Britani. Ɓeydaaki nder jaayɗe nder limce waɗi jaayɗe Europeeji feere ngam ɓe mbaɗda jaayɗe jaayɗe to [[Onitsha]]. Nder hitaande 1879, ɓurɗe nder kuugal ngal hawti ngam waɗugo United African Company nden ɓe hokki sariyaaji ngam jaɓugo protectorate maayo nder hitaande 1885. E hitaande 1884, laamorde jaayndeere British for the Bights of Benin and Biafra ƴetti diga Fernando Po to [[Kalaba|Calabar]] e nder hitaande 1890, Protectorate Oil Rivers, ɓaawo ɗun anndiraa Protectorate Niger Coast. Deftere Najeeriya worgo wonnoo ko e hitaande 1932 nden to hitaande 1914 laamu British koloniyaal waɗi ko ɓuri heewde nder defte laamu nder Deftere Najerya worgo. E hitaande 1939, leydi Senegaal feccitii to leydi Senegaol e leydi Senegaall.{{Sfn|Van Buer|1968}} Nder wakkati konu, leydi ndii hokki laamu ɓurɗo ngam ɓe ɗon mbaɗata yimɓe. {{Sfn|Coleman|1971}} ==tuugnorgal== iaeygaqziberp9hqu4pbzlbla23cnmu 0 42582 176563 2026-06-26T09:44:33Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293588174|Elders Colonial Airways]]" 176563 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elders Colonial Airways''' ko laana ndiwoowa gonka to [[Lagos]], [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]], ko kañum wonnoo gollodiiɗo e laana ndiwoowa Imperial . Laana ndiwoowa ka golliima gila 1935 haa 1940. == Taariiha == === Ɓaawoore === Nder 1932 Imperial Airways fuɗɗi huwugo duɗal week week week diga Ingiltere to [[Afrik]] worgo, nden duɗal ngal huwuno nder nder nder lesdi Afrika nder laawol maako. Ɓeydaaki limgal nder nder nder nder dowla sawru waɗi duɗal ngal fuɗnaama nder lewru fuɗnaange 1935, nden wakkati maajum jaayɗe ɗen timmini haade e jaayɗe dowla ngam haɓɓugo laawol diga [[Khartoum]] nder lesdi Anglo-Egypt to [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]]. Ɗum waɗi ngam dilli'en fuɗɗitake nder [[Lagos]], amma ngam walaa dilli'e ɗi mbaawata huutore, dilli'i fuɗɗitike nder [[Kano]], e dilli'o yimɓe hawti to Lagos nder gariiri. Imperial Airways yiɗi haade haade ha nder Kano be haade haadi ha Takoradi ha Gold Coast. Ngam daliila maajum, ''Imperial Airways (Nigeria e Gold Coast) Limited'' wondi e hakkunde Imperial e Elder Dempster haa 7 lewru Noofambar 1935, nden ɗum huwtori bana Elders Colonial Airways. Imperial Airways jogii feccere nder jaayɗe nden e hokki gannde e yimɓe fuu. Ɗum waɗi ngam kuugal koloniyaal seniiɓe ngam ɓe mbinnda bee warugo e yahugo ɗi ɗi'i ɗi'i fuu, ɓe mbinndi bee yahugo e yahugol ɗi'i seniiɓe Dempster e yahuɓe Imperial, ngam hokkude jaayɗe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɓeyda bee yimɓe e posta nder lesdi Gold Coast e lesdi Nigeria. === duuɓi huutoreeji === Nder 13 Oktoobar 1937 fuɗnaaki dow laawol diga Lagos-[[Akra|Accra]] fuɗɗii naftoraade de Havilland Express diga Imperial Airways. Ɗum annditi wonde laawol nder laawol ngol ɗon hawta ngam daliila nyawdi, ammaa Imperial Airways ɗon ɓeyda hawtaade ɗe ngam haɓɓugo masinji ɗi ɗon waawi warugo ɓaleeji nder ndiyam. Wekiyeere nder week week-end nder hawti bee Imperial diga [[Firiton|Freetown]] haa [[Bannjulu|Bathurst]] fuɗɗiti nder 25 lewru Juun 1938 bee Short Scion Senior, nden o huwtori dow [[Konaakiri|Conakry]], Bolma e [[Bisaawo|Bissau]]. Luttugol Lagos-Takoradi fuɗɗii e 4 abriil 1939, nden e 15 lewru Julaay 1939 laral Freetown-Bathurst fuɗɗii. Caggal nde August 1939 ɓurdi ɗam ɗam ɗemngal Short Scion Senior nder nder Bathurst, ko'e maɓɓe fuu ɓe ndilli Bathurst.<ref name="guttery" /> E fuɗɗam konu duuniyaaru ɗiɗawru, Elders Colonial Airways ummi golle mum'en e 14 lewru junngo 1940, nden caggal nde konu fuɗɗii: fuɗɗii fuɗɗugo fuɗnaaki e West African Airways Corporation. == Firooji == n07afsmckgpv6r4n1lwk2avxxmeib8e 176564 176563 2026-06-26T09:45:00Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 176564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elders Colonial Airways''' ko laana ndiwoowa gonka to [[Lagos]], [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]], ko kañum wonnoo gollodiiɗo e laana ndiwoowa Imperial . Laana ndiwoowa ka golliima gila 1935 haa 1940. == Taariiha == === Ɓaawoore === Nder 1932 Imperial Airways fuɗɗi huwugo duɗal week week week diga Ingiltere to [[Afrik]] worgo, nden duɗal ngal huwuno nder nder nder lesdi Afrika nder laawol maako. Ɓeydaaki limgal nder nder nder nder dowla sawru waɗi duɗal ngal fuɗnaama nder lewru fuɗnaange 1935, nden wakkati maajum jaayɗe ɗen timmini haade e jaayɗe dowla ngam haɓɓugo laawol diga [[Khartoum]] nder lesdi Anglo-Egypt to [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]]. Ɗum waɗi ngam dilli'en fuɗɗitake nder [[Lagos]], amma ngam walaa dilli'e ɗi mbaawata huutore, dilli'i fuɗɗitike nder [[Kano]], e dilli'o yimɓe hawti to Lagos nder gariiri. Imperial Airways yiɗi haade haade ha nder Kano be haade haadi ha Takoradi ha Gold Coast. Ngam daliila maajum, ''Imperial Airways (Nigeria e Gold Coast) Limited'' wondi e hakkunde Imperial e Elder Dempster haa 7 lewru Noofambar 1935, nden ɗum huwtori bana Elders Colonial Airways. Imperial Airways jogii feccere nder jaayɗe nden e hokki gannde e yimɓe fuu. Ɗum waɗi ngam kuugal koloniyaal seniiɓe ngam ɓe mbinnda bee warugo e yahugo ɗi ɗi'i ɗi'i fuu, ɓe mbinndi bee yahugo e yahugol ɗi'i seniiɓe Dempster e yahuɓe Imperial, ngam hokkude jaayɗe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɓeyda bee yimɓe e posta nder lesdi Gold Coast e lesdi Nigeria. === duuɓi huutoreeji === Nder 13 Oktoobar 1937 fuɗnaaki dow laawol diga Lagos-[[Akra|Accra]] fuɗɗii naftoraade de Havilland Express diga Imperial Airways. Ɗum annditi wonde laawol nder laawol ngol ɗon hawta ngam daliila nyawdi, ammaa Imperial Airways ɗon ɓeyda hawtaade ɗe ngam haɓɓugo masinji ɗi ɗon waawi warugo ɓaleeji nder ndiyam. Wekiyeere nder week week-end nder hawti bee Imperial diga [[Firiton|Freetown]] haa [[Bannjulu|Bathurst]] fuɗɗiti nder 25 lewru Juun 1938 bee Short Scion Senior, nden o huwtori dow [[Konaakiri|Conakry]], Bolma e [[Bisaawo|Bissau]]. Luttugol Lagos-Takoradi fuɗɗii e 4 abriil 1939, nden e 15 lewru Julaay 1939 laral Freetown-Bathurst fuɗɗii. Caggal nde August 1939 ɓurdi ɗam ɗam ɗemngal Short Scion Senior nder nder Bathurst, ko'e maɓɓe fuu ɓe ndilli Bathurst.<ref name="guttery" /> E fuɗɗam konu duuniyaaru ɗiɗawru, Elders Colonial Airways ummi golle mum'en e 14 lewru junngo 1940, nden caggal nde konu fuɗɗii: fuɗɗii fuɗɗugo fuɗnaaki e West African Airways Corporation. == Firooji == lyt2dhvypkftmche80almwmb7rx4d7u 0 42583 176565 2026-06-26T09:47:07Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356754267|Filmmaking in Colonial Nigeria]]" 176565 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Waɗde filmuuji e nder Naajeeriya koloñaal''' ina heewi firtude jamaanu e nder [[Sinema leydi Nijeer|sinemaa Naajeeriya]], ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e kitaale 1900 haa 1950, nde peewnugol filmuuji e hollirde walla saaktude ɗum en ko laamu koloñaal Biritaan . Daartol sinemaa e nder leydi Najeriya ina yahra e daartol filmo e hoore mum; teeŋti noon e darorɗe teeminannde 19ɓiire, e kuutoragol peephole yiyngo kaɓirɗe dillooje . Ɗeeɗoo filmuuji lomtinaama ɓooyaani e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire e kaɓirɗe kollirooje natal dillooje moƴƴe, tawi ko filmuuji gadani ɗi kolliraa to Glover Memorial Hall to [[Lagos]] tuggi 12 haa 22 lewru nduu hitaande 1903. Fimɓe fuɗɗii waɗugo fimji ngam yimɓe lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya diga duuɓi 1920, ɓurna fuu ɓe huutori kinyo mobile bana laawol hollaago; film ɓurngal ɓurngal waɗuki nder Naajeeriya woni ''[[Palaver ( 1926 film)|Palaver]]'' 1926 diga Geoffrey Barkas. Film ngal kadi woni film arandeeji ɗiɗawɗi ɗi ɗiin nder lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari kuugal wolwugo. Goomu nguuri leydi huutoriino filmaaji bana kuugal ngam haajugo no'o ɗi British ɗon, bana boo ngam ɓesdaago kuugal diina. [[Nigerian Film Unit|Fedde Filme Nigeria]] fuɗɗii nder hitaande 1949. Ha 1954, carrooji cinema mobile ɗon fijirta yimɓe miliyon 3.5 nder lesdi Nigeria, e films ɗi films Nigeria Film Unit ɗon fijirto bana dow dow nder films 44 je ɗon woodi. Fimma arandeeji ɗi ɗi ɗi ɗiɗo fuu ɗi ɗi ɗi njogii e nder nder suudu film Nigeria woni ''Fincho'' (1957) wonande Sam Zebba; ɗum woni film arandeeji lesdi Nigeria ɗi ɗi ɗi ɗon hoola nder limce. Film ngal kadi ina wiyee ko film ngal waɗata jaŋde e nder sahaa jaŋde. == Taariiha == Film bana haala arande wari Nigeria nder hitaande 19th century, tawtoreede filmeeji film. Ɗe ɗon ɓeydaama nder fuɗɗoode karnijum 20 bee ɓeydaago masinji filmiiji filmiije; filmiiji arandeeji ɗi holli nder filmiiji lesdi Naajeeriya laati filmiiji hirnaange, e film arandeeji holli haa Glover Memorial Hall nder [[Lagos]] diga 12 haa 22 August 1903. Nder hitaande nden, [[Herbert Macaulay]] noddi lesdi Naijeriya, Balboa and Company, Spain ngam darnde jaaynde nder lesdi Naijiria.<ref name="autogenerated7" /> Ko Mr Balboa ɓaawo ɗon o dilli limgal maako nder Lagos, nden o tokki holla fimji nder lesdi Afrik hirnaange feere, foondugo limgal maako waɗi moowo lesdi Europe, Stanley Jones, fuɗɗi holla fimje nder suudu limgal Glover, fuɗɗugo nder lewru Noofambar 1903. Ɗuum waɗi ɓeydaade filmiiɓe Orop to Nigeria. <ref name="autogenerated7" /> <ref name="autogenerated4" /> Film arandeeji ɗiɗmbi ɗiɗmbe nder wakkati fuɗnaama ɗam waɗi haa 3 August 1904, nde filme dow booɗnde If Alake daga [[Abeokuta]] to Ingiltereere waɗi. Abeokuta woni laamorgo lesdi Ogun. Fuuɓe film fuɗɗiima waɗugo filmji ngam yimɓe lesdi nder lesdi Nigeria diga duuɓi 1920's, ɓurna fuu ɓe huutori cinema mobile bana laawol hollaago. Nder konu duuniyaaru arande, laamu koloniyaal huutori filmaaji bana laawol ngam heɓugo ceede ngam warugo konu e ngam kawtal kawtal. Goomu leydi boo yiɗi waɗugo e naftoraade filmaaji dowla ngam "wurooji ɓernde koloniya'en e jaajugo no Britaniya'en yiɗi". Daga 1921, woodi halluuji nayi feere ɗon hollata filmaaji ɗiɗi nder lewru nder lesdi Lagos e halluuji go'oto nder Ebute Metta e Oshodi. Haa wakkati maajum, cinema ɓeydi footi nder Lagos bee yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɓe sukaaɓe e mawɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ndokka yeeso dammugal dammugal. Diina kadi wallitii ha ɓesdaaku aada film ngam missionaries Kirista'en naftiri cinema ngam haalde diina. Fimma fuɗɗam waɗaa nder lesdi Naijeriya woni film ''[[Palaver ( 1926 film)|Palaver]]'' 1926 diga Geoffrey Barkas. Ɗum woni film arandeeji ɗiɗo nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder nder haala; film ɗi ɗi Najeeriya waɗi nder ''Palaver'' hawti e Dawiya e Yilkuba. Film ngal waɗi hakkunde yimɓe Sura e Angas nder jamanu [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]] e Plateau States nder lesdi Najeeriya woyla, e holli haɓre hakkunde ardiiɗo leydi British e ardiiɗo tin, ɗum waɗi konu. Kadi nder wakkatiire nden woodi fimji feere nder lesdi Naijeriya, go'oto nder fimji ɓurɗi anndugo nder nder nder Sanders of the River nder hitaande 1935 diga Zoltán Korda, nder fimji ɗi o waɗi nder lesdi Naajeriya Orlando Martins. Martin'en boo o waɗi nder filmooji feere feere feere bana The Man from Morocco (1945), Men of Two Worlds (1946) e non boo, e ɗum waɗi Martin'en laati gooto nder ɓeen mawɓe nder lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati maako. [[File:Joseph_Street,_Lagos,_with_the_Royal_Cinema.png|thumb|267x267px|Royal Cinema dow Joseph Street (ko jooni Mobolaji Bank Anthony Street) nder Lagos. To yaake ɗon towers twin of the Colonial Secretariat.]] Nde filmooji laati fotaaki nder nguurndam ummaatoore nder gariiri Lagos, ɓaawo duuɓi 1930 haa duuɓi 1940 fuɗɗii haɓɓugo suudu filmooji mawɗi ngam jaaynde e cuuɗi filmooji nder nokkuuje strategiiji nder lesdi. Gooto nder suɓooɓe cinema fuɗɗiiɓe nder Lagos woni " West African Pictures Company " je je je je mari Mr. S. Khalil, je je je nder ummaatoore Siriya nder Lagos. O waɗi Cinema Rex nder Ebute Metta, Cinema Regal e Cinema Royal. Ceni cinenji feere feere hawti: Cine Capitol, Cine Casino, Cine Kings, Cine Central, Cine Rialto, Cine Corona, Cine Odeon, Cine Road House, Cine Ikeja Arms e Glover Hall. Nder hitaande 1937, laamu koloniya waɗi jaɓde jaɓɓaade jaɓɓaande jaɓɓaaki ngam jaɓɓaago kuuje ɗe hawti e jaɓɓaare cuuɗi filmiiji nder koloniya. Najeeriya nder filmaaji ɗi waɗaa e ɗi holli nder filmaaje Najeeriya wakkati wakkati ndu ɗon ɗon walaa ngam tagle e jaaynde ɗon laato ɓe. Firo fimji nder fimji waɗi ko ɗum ɓeydiino e nder nder nder nder yimɓe [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]], ɓe ɓeydiima nder duuɓi 1930 haa 1940; gooto e ɓurɓe ɓeydi ɗum en ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe mbi'i ɓe ɓe ɓe ngoni nder nder nder wuro Agbegijo e Alarinjo, ɓe ɓe ɗon hawta e yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ngaɗi nder wuro Duro Ladipo, [[Ishola Ogunmola]], Lere Paimo, e [[Oyin Adejobi]]. Nder hitaande 1949, suudu filmiiji lesdi Naijeriya waɗi nder nder nder nder laabi ngam halki filmiiji koloniyaal. Ɗuum goomu nder ɓaawo ɗon ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe cembiɗini nder goomu nder lesdi bana no ɓe cembiɗa nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1954. Kolonial Film Unit, nder duuɓi sappo, hollitii filimji hakkilantaaki e jannginki to yimɓe nder nokkuuje bee laawol filmooji filmji. O waɗi kadi bolle e filmooji dowla, ɗi holli yiide e ko koloniyaal waɗani yimɓe nder leydi e leyɗe goɗɗe. Nder duuɓi 1950, haala haala feere feere, bee ɓeydaago nder nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder cuuɗi filmooji, bee ɓaawo "Africanise" film production. Won ɓeydiima ɓeydiindi filmji yimɓe, e yimɓe miliyonji 3.5 hitaande fuu diga 1951. Nde jaŋde filmji ɓooyi nder jaŋde "Ministry of Information" nder hitaande 1954, jaŋde fimji ɓurna fuu ina waɗi filimji dow haalaaji goɗɗi ɗi ɓurna ɗum. Ngam maajum, ɓurɓe filmooji ɗi ɓe kollitii nder duuɓi 1950's ɓe ɓurna fuu ɗi ɗi ɗi ɗi ɗon hollata dow janngude; filmooji ɗe ɓe ɗon laami nder filmooji lesdi Naajeeriya haa ɓurna nder duuɓi 1950 haa ɓe keɓti laamu hawti e: filmooji dowla dow hakkillo e janngude, filmooji haala booɗugo laamiiɗo lesdi Naajeeri, yiilooji ɗi ɗi ɗiɗo e leydi England, dowla dowla dowlaaji Westminster e filmooji cowboy. Dowla huutori cinema ngam huutoreede, nden boo kuugal militaaku feere-feere wurtini yimɓe laawol hollaago fim. == Ndaare kadi == * [[Sinema leydi Nijeer|Sinema lesdi Nigeria]] * Taalgol golden age of Nigerian cinema * Wurooji ha lesdi Nigeria == Firooji == 4v2cckcujbf8588zuqe67t71ru59uhy 176566 176565 2026-06-26T09:47:34Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 176566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Waɗde filmuuji e nder Naajeeriya koloñaal''' ina heewi firtude jamaanu e nder [[Sinema leydi Nijeer|sinemaa Naajeeriya]], ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e kitaale 1900 haa 1950, nde peewnugol filmuuji e hollirde walla saaktude ɗum en ko laamu koloñaal Biritaan . Daartol sinemaa e nder leydi Najeriya ina yahra e daartol filmo e hoore mum; teeŋti noon e darorɗe teeminannde 19ɓiire, e kuutoragol peephole yiyngo kaɓirɗe dillooje . Ɗeeɗoo filmuuji lomtinaama ɓooyaani e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire e kaɓirɗe kollirooje natal dillooje moƴƴe, tawi ko filmuuji gadani ɗi kolliraa to Glover Memorial Hall to [[Lagos]] tuggi 12 haa 22 lewru nduu hitaande 1903. Fimɓe fuɗɗii waɗugo fimji ngam yimɓe lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya diga duuɓi 1920, ɓurna fuu ɓe huutori kinyo mobile bana laawol hollaago; film ɓurngal ɓurngal waɗuki nder Naajeeriya woni ''[[Palaver ( 1926 film)|Palaver]]'' 1926 diga Geoffrey Barkas. Film ngal kadi woni film arandeeji ɗiɗawɗi ɗi ɗiin nder lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari kuugal wolwugo. Goomu nguuri leydi huutoriino filmaaji bana kuugal ngam haajugo no'o ɗi British ɗon, bana boo ngam ɓesdaago kuugal diina. [[Nigerian Film Unit|Fedde Filme Nigeria]] fuɗɗii nder hitaande 1949. Ha 1954, carrooji cinema mobile ɗon fijirta yimɓe miliyon 3.5 nder lesdi Nigeria, e films ɗi films Nigeria Film Unit ɗon fijirto bana dow dow nder films 44 je ɗon woodi. Fimma arandeeji ɗi ɗi ɗi ɗiɗo fuu ɗi ɗi ɗi njogii e nder nder suudu film Nigeria woni ''Fincho'' (1957) wonande Sam Zebba; ɗum woni film arandeeji lesdi Nigeria ɗi ɗi ɗi ɗon hoola nder limce. Film ngal kadi ina wiyee ko film ngal waɗata jaŋde e nder sahaa jaŋde. == Taariiha == Film bana haala arande wari Nigeria nder hitaande 19th century, tawtoreede filmeeji film. Ɗe ɗon ɓeydaama nder fuɗɗoode karnijum 20 bee ɓeydaago masinji filmiiji filmiije; filmiiji arandeeji ɗi holli nder filmiiji lesdi Naajeeriya laati filmiiji hirnaange, e film arandeeji holli haa Glover Memorial Hall nder [[Lagos]] diga 12 haa 22 August 1903. Nder hitaande nden, [[Herbert Macaulay]] noddi lesdi Naijeriya, Balboa and Company, Spain ngam darnde jaaynde nder lesdi Naijiria.<ref name="autogenerated7" /> Ko Mr Balboa ɓaawo ɗon o dilli limgal maako nder Lagos, nden o tokki holla fimji nder lesdi Afrik hirnaange feere, foondugo limgal maako waɗi moowo lesdi Europe, Stanley Jones, fuɗɗi holla fimje nder suudu limgal Glover, fuɗɗugo nder lewru Noofambar 1903. Ɗuum waɗi ɓeydaade filmiiɓe Orop to Nigeria. <ref name="autogenerated7" /> <ref name="autogenerated4" /> Film arandeeji ɗiɗmbi ɗiɗmbe nder wakkati fuɗnaama ɗam waɗi haa 3 August 1904, nde filme dow booɗnde If Alake daga [[Abeokuta]] to Ingiltereere waɗi. Abeokuta woni laamorgo lesdi Ogun. Fuuɓe film fuɗɗiima waɗugo filmji ngam yimɓe lesdi nder lesdi Nigeria diga duuɓi 1920's, ɓurna fuu ɓe huutori cinema mobile bana laawol hollaago. Nder konu duuniyaaru arande, laamu koloniyaal huutori filmaaji bana laawol ngam heɓugo ceede ngam warugo konu e ngam kawtal kawtal. Goomu leydi boo yiɗi waɗugo e naftoraade filmaaji dowla ngam "wurooji ɓernde koloniya'en e jaajugo no Britaniya'en yiɗi". Daga 1921, woodi halluuji nayi feere ɗon hollata filmaaji ɗiɗi nder lewru nder lesdi Lagos e halluuji go'oto nder Ebute Metta e Oshodi. Haa wakkati maajum, cinema ɓeydi footi nder Lagos bee yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɓe sukaaɓe e mawɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ndokka yeeso dammugal dammugal. Diina kadi wallitii ha ɓesdaaku aada film ngam missionaries Kirista'en naftiri cinema ngam haalde diina. Fimma fuɗɗam waɗaa nder lesdi Naijeriya woni film ''[[Palaver ( 1926 film)|Palaver]]'' 1926 diga Geoffrey Barkas. Ɗum woni film arandeeji ɗiɗo nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder nder haala; film ɗi ɗi Najeeriya waɗi nder ''Palaver'' hawti e Dawiya e Yilkuba. Film ngal waɗi hakkunde yimɓe Sura e Angas nder jamanu [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]] e Plateau States nder lesdi Najeeriya woyla, e holli haɓre hakkunde ardiiɗo leydi British e ardiiɗo tin, ɗum waɗi konu. Kadi nder wakkatiire nden woodi fimji feere nder lesdi Naijeriya, go'oto nder fimji ɓurɗi anndugo nder nder nder Sanders of the River nder hitaande 1935 diga Zoltán Korda, nder fimji ɗi o waɗi nder lesdi Naajeriya Orlando Martins. Martin'en boo o waɗi nder filmooji feere feere feere bana The Man from Morocco (1945), Men of Two Worlds (1946) e non boo, e ɗum waɗi Martin'en laati gooto nder ɓeen mawɓe nder lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati maako. [[File:Joseph_Street,_Lagos,_with_the_Royal_Cinema.png|thumb|267x267px|Royal Cinema dow Joseph Street (ko jooni Mobolaji Bank Anthony Street) nder Lagos. To yaake ɗon towers twin of the Colonial Secretariat.]] Nde filmooji laati fotaaki nder nguurndam ummaatoore nder gariiri Lagos, ɓaawo duuɓi 1930 haa duuɓi 1940 fuɗɗii haɓɓugo suudu filmooji mawɗi ngam jaaynde e cuuɗi filmooji nder nokkuuje strategiiji nder lesdi. Gooto nder suɓooɓe cinema fuɗɗiiɓe nder Lagos woni " West African Pictures Company " je je je je mari Mr. S. Khalil, je je je nder ummaatoore Siriya nder Lagos. O waɗi Cinema Rex nder Ebute Metta, Cinema Regal e Cinema Royal. Ceni cinenji feere feere hawti: Cine Capitol, Cine Casino, Cine Kings, Cine Central, Cine Rialto, Cine Corona, Cine Odeon, Cine Road House, Cine Ikeja Arms e Glover Hall. Nder hitaande 1937, laamu koloniya waɗi jaɓde jaɓɓaade jaɓɓaande jaɓɓaaki ngam jaɓɓaago kuuje ɗe hawti e jaɓɓaare cuuɗi filmiiji nder koloniya. Najeeriya nder filmaaji ɗi waɗaa e ɗi holli nder filmaaje Najeeriya wakkati wakkati ndu ɗon ɗon walaa ngam tagle e jaaynde ɗon laato ɓe. Firo fimji nder fimji waɗi ko ɗum ɓeydiino e nder nder nder nder yimɓe [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]], ɓe ɓeydiima nder duuɓi 1930 haa 1940; gooto e ɓurɓe ɓeydi ɗum en ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe mbi'i ɓe ɓe ɓe ngoni nder nder nder wuro Agbegijo e Alarinjo, ɓe ɓe ɗon hawta e yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ngaɗi nder wuro Duro Ladipo, [[Ishola Ogunmola]], Lere Paimo, e [[Oyin Adejobi]]. Nder hitaande 1949, suudu filmiiji lesdi Naijeriya waɗi nder nder nder nder laabi ngam halki filmiiji koloniyaal. Ɗuum goomu nder ɓaawo ɗon ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe cembiɗini nder goomu nder lesdi bana no ɓe cembiɗa nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1954. Kolonial Film Unit, nder duuɓi sappo, hollitii filimji hakkilantaaki e jannginki to yimɓe nder nokkuuje bee laawol filmooji filmji. O waɗi kadi bolle e filmooji dowla, ɗi holli yiide e ko koloniyaal waɗani yimɓe nder leydi e leyɗe goɗɗe. Nder duuɓi 1950, haala haala feere feere, bee ɓeydaago nder nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder cuuɗi filmooji, bee ɓaawo "Africanise" film production. Won ɓeydiima ɓeydiindi filmji yimɓe, e yimɓe miliyonji 3.5 hitaande fuu diga 1951. Nde jaŋde filmji ɓooyi nder jaŋde "Ministry of Information" nder hitaande 1954, jaŋde fimji ɓurna fuu ina waɗi filimji dow haalaaji goɗɗi ɗi ɓurna ɗum. Ngam maajum, ɓurɓe filmooji ɗi ɓe kollitii nder duuɓi 1950's ɓe ɓurna fuu ɗi ɗi ɗi ɗi ɗon hollata dow janngude; filmooji ɗe ɓe ɗon laami nder filmooji lesdi Naajeeriya haa ɓurna nder duuɓi 1950 haa ɓe keɓti laamu hawti e: filmooji dowla dow hakkillo e janngude, filmooji haala booɗugo laamiiɗo lesdi Naajeeri, yiilooji ɗi ɗi ɗiɗo e leydi England, dowla dowla dowlaaji Westminster e filmooji cowboy. Dowla huutori cinema ngam huutoreede, nden boo kuugal militaaku feere-feere wurtini yimɓe laawol hollaago fim. == Ndaare kadi == * [[Sinema leydi Nijeer|Sinema lesdi Nigeria]] * Taalgol golden age of Nigerian cinema * Wurooji ha lesdi Nigeria == Firooji == es0l6r35oef6indo4gz2tm5xh9pbr9l 176567 176566 2026-06-26T10:09:34Z Adamu mc 10501 Edit 176567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Waɗde filmuuji e nder Naajeeriya koloñaal''' ina heewi firtude jamaanu e nder [[Sinema leydi Nijeer|sinemaa Naajeeriya]], ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e kitaale 1900 haa 1950, nde peewnugol filmuuji e hollirde walla saaktude ɗum en ko laamu koloñaal Biritaan . Daartol sinemaa e nder leydi Najeriya ina yahra e daartol filmo e hoore mum; teeŋti noon e darorɗe teeminannde 19 ɓiire, e kuutoragol peephole yiyngo kaɓirɗe dillooje . Ɗeeɗoo filmuuji lomtinaama ɓooyaani e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire e kaɓirɗe kollirooje natal dillooje moƴƴe, tawi ko filmuuji gadani ɗi kolliraa to Glover Memorial Hall to [[Lagos]] tuggi 12 haa 22 lewru nduu hitaande 1903. Fimɓe fuɗɗii waɗugo fimji ngam yimɓe lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya diga duuɓi 1920, ɓurna fuu ɓe huutori kinyo mobile bana laawol hollaago; film ɓurngal ɓurngal waɗuki nder Naajeeriya woni ''[[Palaver ( 1926 film)|Palaver]]'' 1926 diga Geoffrey Barkas. Film ngal kadi woni film arandeeji ɗiɗawɗi ɗi ɗiin nder lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari kuugal wolwugo. Goomu nguuri leydi huutoriino filmaaji bana kuugal ngam haajugo no'o ɗi British ɗon, bana boo ngam ɓesdaago kuugal diina. [[Nigerian Film Unit|Fedde Filme Nigeria]] fuɗɗii nder hitaande 1949. Ha 1954, carrooji cinema mobile ɗon fijirta yimɓe miliyon 3.5 nder lesdi Nigeria, e films ɗi films Nigeria Film Unit ɗon fijirto bana dow dow nder films 44 je ɗon woodi. Fimma arandeeji ɗi ɗi ɗi ɗiɗo fuu ɗi ɗi ɗi njogii e nder nder suudu film Nigeria woni ''Fincho'' (1957) wonande Sam Zebba; ɗum woni film arandeeji lesdi Nigeria ɗi ɗi ɗi ɗon hoola nder limce. Film ngal kadi ina wiyee ko film ngal waɗata jaŋde e nder sahaa jaŋde. == Taariiha == Film bana haala arande wari Nigeria nder hitaande 19th century, tawtoreede filmeeji film. Ɗe ɗon ɓeydaama nder fuɗɗoode karnijum 20 bee ɓeydaago masinji filmiiji filmiije; filmiiji arandeeji ɗi holli nder filmiiji lesdi Naajeeriya laati filmiiji hirnaange, e film arandeeji holli haa Glover Memorial Hall nder [[Lagos]] diga 12 haa 22 August 1903. Nder hitaande nden, [[Herbert Macaulay]] noddi lesdi Naijeriya, Balboa and Company, Spain ngam darnde jaaynde nder lesdi Naijiria.<ref name="autogenerated7" /> Ko Mr Balboa ɓaawo ɗon o dilli limgal maako nder Lagos, nden o tokki holla fimji nder lesdi Afrik hirnaange feere, foondugo limgal maako waɗi moowo lesdi Europe, Stanley Jones, fuɗɗi holla fimje nder suudu limgal Glover, fuɗɗugo nder lewru Noofambar 1903. Ɗuum waɗi ɓeydaade filmiiɓe Orop to Nigeria. <ref name="autogenerated7" /> <ref name="autogenerated4" /> Film arandeeji ɗiɗmbi ɗiɗmbe nder wakkati fuɗnaama ɗam waɗi haa 3 August 1904, nde filme dow booɗnde If Alake daga [[Abeokuta]] to Ingiltereere waɗi. Abeokuta woni laamorgo lesdi Ogun. Fuuɓe film fuɗɗiima waɗugo filmji ngam yimɓe lesdi nder lesdi Nigeria diga duuɓi 1920's, ɓurna fuu ɓe huutori cinema mobile bana laawol hollaago. Nder konu duuniyaaru arande, laamu koloniyaal huutori filmaaji bana laawol ngam heɓugo ceede ngam warugo konu e ngam kawtal kawtal. Goomu leydi boo yiɗi waɗugo e naftoraade filmaaji dowla ngam "wurooji ɓernde koloniya'en e jaajugo no Britaniya'en yiɗi". Daga 1921, woodi halluuji nayi feere ɗon hollata filmaaji ɗiɗi nder lewru nder lesdi Lagos e halluuji go'oto nder Ebute Metta e Oshodi. Haa wakkati maajum, cinema ɓeydi footi nder Lagos bee yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɓe sukaaɓe e mawɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ndokka yeeso dammugal dammugal. Diina kadi wallitii ha ɓesdaaku aada film ngam missionaries Kirista'en naftiri cinema ngam haalde diina. Fimma fuɗɗam waɗaa nder lesdi Naijeriya woni film ''[[Palaver ( 1926 film)|Palaver]]'' 1926 diga Geoffrey Barkas. Ɗum woni film arandeeji ɗiɗo nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder nder haala; film ɗi ɗi Najeeriya waɗi nder ''Palaver'' hawti e Dawiya e Yilkuba. Film ngal waɗi hakkunde yimɓe Sura e Angas nder jamanu [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]] e Plateau States nder lesdi Najeeriya woyla, e holli haɓre hakkunde ardiiɗo leydi British e ardiiɗo tin, ɗum waɗi konu. Kadi nder wakkatiire nden woodi fimji feere nder lesdi Naijeriya, go'oto nder fimji ɓurɗi anndugo nder nder nder Sanders of the River nder hitaande 1935 diga Zoltán Korda, nder fimji ɗi o waɗi nder lesdi Naajeriya Orlando Martins. Martin'en boo o waɗi nder filmooji feere feere feere bana The Man from Morocco (1945), Men of Two Worlds (1946) e non boo, e ɗum waɗi Martin'en laati gooto nder ɓeen mawɓe nder lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati maako. [[File:Joseph_Street,_Lagos,_with_the_Royal_Cinema.png|thumb|267x267px|Royal Cinema dow Joseph Street (ko jooni Mobolaji Bank Anthony Street) nder Lagos. To yaake ɗon towers twin of the Colonial Secretariat.]] Nde filmooji laati fotaaki nder nguurndam ummaatoore nder gariiri Lagos, ɓaawo duuɓi 1930 haa duuɓi 1940 fuɗɗii haɓɓugo suudu filmooji mawɗi ngam jaaynde e cuuɗi filmooji nder nokkuuje strategiiji nder lesdi. Gooto nder suɓooɓe cinema fuɗɗiiɓe nder Lagos woni " West African Pictures Company " je je je je mari Mr. S. Khalil, je je je nder ummaatoore Siriya nder Lagos. O waɗi Cinema Rex nder Ebute Metta, Cinema Regal e Cinema Royal. Ceni cinenji feere feere hawti: Cine Capitol, Cine Casino, Cine Kings, Cine Central, Cine Rialto, Cine Corona, Cine Odeon, Cine Road House, Cine Ikeja Arms e Glover Hall. Nder hitaande 1937, laamu koloniya waɗi jaɓde jaɓɓaade jaɓɓaande jaɓɓaaki ngam jaɓɓaago kuuje ɗe hawti e jaɓɓaare cuuɗi filmiiji nder koloniya. Najeeriya nder filmaaji ɗi waɗaa e ɗi holli nder filmaaje Najeeriya wakkati wakkati ndu ɗon ɗon walaa ngam tagle e jaaynde ɗon laato ɓe. Firo fimji nder fimji waɗi ko ɗum ɓeydiino e nder nder nder nder yimɓe [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]], ɓe ɓeydiima nder duuɓi 1930 haa 1940; gooto e ɓurɓe ɓeydi ɗum en ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe mbi'i ɓe ɓe ɓe ngoni nder nder nder wuro Agbegijo e Alarinjo, ɓe ɓe ɗon hawta e yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ngaɗi nder wuro Duro Ladipo, [[Ishola Ogunmola]], Lere Paimo, e [[Oyin Adejobi]]. Nder hitaande 1949, suudu filmiiji lesdi Naijeriya waɗi nder nder nder nder laabi ngam halki filmiiji koloniyaal. Ɗuum goomu nder ɓaawo ɗon ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe cembiɗini nder goomu nder lesdi bana no ɓe cembiɗa nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1954. Kolonial Film Unit, nder duuɓi sappo, hollitii filimji hakkilantaaki e jannginki to yimɓe nder nokkuuje bee laawol filmooji filmji. O waɗi kadi bolle e filmooji dowla, ɗi holli yiide e ko koloniyaal waɗani yimɓe nder leydi e leyɗe goɗɗe. Nder duuɓi 1950, haala haala feere feere, bee ɓeydaago nder nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder cuuɗi filmooji, bee ɓaawo "Africanise" film production. Won ɓeydiima ɓeydiindi filmji yimɓe, e yimɓe miliyonji 3.5 hitaande fuu diga 1951. Nde jaŋde filmji ɓooyi nder jaŋde "Ministry of Information" nder hitaande 1954, jaŋde fimji ɓurna fuu ina waɗi filimji dow haalaaji goɗɗi ɗi ɓurna ɗum. Ngam maajum, ɓurɓe filmooji ɗi ɓe kollitii nder duuɓi 1950's ɓe ɓurna fuu ɗi ɗi ɗi ɗi ɗon hollata dow janngude; filmooji ɗe ɓe ɗon laami nder filmooji lesdi Naajeeriya haa ɓurna nder duuɓi 1950 haa ɓe keɓti laamu hawti e: filmooji dowla dow hakkillo e janngude, filmooji haala booɗugo laamiiɗo lesdi Naajeeri, yiilooji ɗi ɗi ɗiɗo e leydi England, dowla dowla dowlaaji Westminster e filmooji cowboy. Dowla huutori cinema ngam huutoreede, nden boo kuugal militaaku feere-feere wurtini yimɓe laawol hollaago fim. == Ndaare kadi == * [[Sinema leydi Nijeer|Sinema lesdi Nigeria]] * Taalgol golden age of Nigerian cinema * Wurooji ha lesdi Nigeria == Firooji == dc07byec1s4lybuwjmcsqa88lw87syo 0 42584 176572 2026-06-26T11:02:50Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176572 wikitext text/x-wiki Joseph Odeleye Fadahunsi,heɗtoKBE (1901 – 12 lewru Mbooy 1986) ko jom ngalu e siyaasaajo leydi Najeriya, o wonnoo ko cukko hooreejo fedde ngenndiire leydi Najeriya e leydi Kameruun. O wakiili kadi diiwal Ilesha nder suudu sarɗiiji wakkati republique arandeere lesdi ndi'i. Oloye mo lenyol Yoruba, ɓaawo man o laati guwerneer lesdi Naajeeriya. Ngendam Fadahunsi jibinaa ko to wuro Ilesa e hitaande 1901. O janngi to duɗal leslesal Osu, caggal ɗuum o naati to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley, to wuro Ibadan. Fadahunsi fuɗɗi kuugal janngirde haa janngirde nde laamu walli haa Ilesha, ɓaawo man o janngini haa janngirde Lagos e Ikorodu. O yiɗaa jannginde, o naamndii gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal o jannginta ngal yo wallu e golle njulaagu. Caggal ɗuum gardiiɗo oo holliti mo e sosiyatee njulaagu (UTC). Fadahunsi ƴetti jokkondiral e UTC e hitaande 1927, o wonti soodoowo e les njiimaandi Sosiyetee njulaagu dentuɗo, fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya Lutheran Suisse, Misiyoŋ Basel. O fuɗɗii golle makko ko e soodde kakawo e juuɗe remooɓe e ƴettude jolnooɓe ngam nawde geɗe ɗee to biro Ibadan to United Trading Company. Ndeen o dañii ngalu keewngu ngam soodde otooji makko diwooje, ɓooyaani ko enternet makko yaaji e nder sekteer diwooje. O sosi sosiyetee biyeteeɗo Ijesa United Trading and Transport Company Ltd ngam nawde geɗe ummoraade e gollorɗe makko goɗɗe, kadi o gollina sosiyeteeji njulaagu goɗɗi. Hasre makko e yah-ngartaa fuɗɗii dañde e won e anndinde diiwaan. E darorɗe kitaale 1940, o wonti tergal e yiilirde njulaagu kakawo leydi Nijeer e yiilirde ƴellitaare peewnugol diiwaan hirnaange. E hitaande 1951, Fadaunsi naati e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya e leydi Kameruun, o suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo, o woni wakiliijo Ilesa Sud-Ouest. To dental ngal ko cukko hooreejo luulndo ngo. E hitaande 1962, peccitagol lannda laamu nguu e nder diiwaan hirnaange oo, addani fedde wiyeteende «Parti des populaires unis» sosde, tawi ko fedde feccere nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe diiwaan oo ardii. Ndeen fedde ndee naatii e kawtal e terɗe NCNC. Fadahunsi waɗaama guwerneer diiwaan oo e hitaande 1962. Tuugnorgal amfqa4txe9jttr4dqkmvoz4gkyk5t37 176573 176572 2026-06-26T11:10:29Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Joseph Odeleye Fadahunsi,heɗtoKBE (1901 – 12 lewru Mbooy 1986) ko jom ngalu e siyaasaajo leydi Najeriya, o wonnoo ko cukko hooreejo fedde ngenndiire leydi Najeriya e leydi Kameruun. O wakiili kadi diiwal Ilesha nder suudu sarɗiiji wakkati republique arandeere lesdi ndi'i. Oloye mo lenyol Yoruba, ɓaawo man o laati guwerneer lesdi Naajeeriya. Ngendam Fadahunsi jibinaa ko to wuro Ilesa e hitaande 1901. O janngi to duɗal leslesal Osu, caggal ɗuum o naati to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley, to wuro Ibadan. Fadahunsi fuɗɗi kuugal janngirde haa janngirde nde laamu walli haa Ilesha, ɓaawo man o janngini haa janngirde Lagos e Ikorodu. O yiɗaa jannginde, o naamndii gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal o jannginta ngal yo wallu e golle njulaagu. Caggal ɗuum gardiiɗo oo holliti mo e sosiyatee njulaagu (UTC). Fadahunsi ƴetti jokkondiral e UTC e hitaande 1927, o wonti soodoowo e les njiimaandi Sosiyetee njulaagu dentuɗo, fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya Lutheran Suisse, Misiyoŋ Basel. O fuɗɗii golle makko ko e soodde kakawo e juuɗe remooɓe e ƴettude jolnooɓe ngam nawde geɗe ɗee to biro Ibadan to United Trading Company. Ndeen o dañii ngalu keewngu ngam soodde otooji makko diwooje, ɓooyaani ko enternet makko yaaji e nder sekteer diwooje. O sosi sosiyetee biyeteeɗo Ijesa United Trading and Transport Company Ltd ngam nawde geɗe ummoraade e gollorɗe makko goɗɗe, kadi o gollina sosiyeteeji njulaagu goɗɗi. Hasre makko e yah-ngartaa fuɗɗii dañde e won e anndinde diiwaan. E darorɗe kitaale 1940, o wonti tergal e yiilirde njulaagu kakawo leydi Nijeer e yiilirde ƴellitaare peewnugol diiwaan hirnaange. E hitaande 1951, Fadaunsi naati e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya e leydi Kameruun, o suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo, o woni wakiliijo Ilesa Sud-Ouest. To dental ngal ko cukko hooreejo luulndo ngo. E hitaande 1962, peccitagol lannda laamu nguu e nder diiwaan hirnaange oo, addani fedde wiyeteende «Parti des populaires unis» sosde, tawi ko fedde feccere nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe diiwaan oo ardii. Ndeen fedde ndee naatii e kawtal e terɗe NCNC. Fadahunsi waɗaama guwerneer diiwaan oo e hitaande 1962. Tuugnorgal cjuvbkri851pkpu2jjeaujtg8q7li2o 176574 176573 2026-06-26T11:17:30Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Joseph Odeleye Fadahunsi,heɗtoKBE''' (1901 – 12 lewru Mbooy 1986) ko jom ngalu e siyaasaajo leydi Najeriya, o wonnoo ko cukko hooreejo fedde ngenndiire leydi Najeriya e leydi Kameruun. O wakiili kadi diiwal Ilesha nder suudu sarɗiiji wakkati republique arandeere lesdi ndi'i. Oloye mo lenyol Yoruba, ɓaawo man o laati guwerneer lesdi Naajeeriya. == Ngendam == Fadahunsi jibinaa ko to wuro Ilesa e hitaande 1901. O janngi to duɗal leslesal Osu, caggal ɗuum o naati to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley, to wuro Ibadan. Fadahunsi fuɗɗi kuugal janngirde haa janngirde nde laamu walli haa Ilesha, ɓaawo man o janngini haa janngirde Lagos e Ikorodu. O yiɗaa jannginde, o naamndii gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal o jannginta ngal yo wallu e golle njulaagu. Caggal ɗuum gardiiɗo oo holliti mo e sosiyatee njulaagu (UTC). Fadahunsi ƴetti jokkondiral e UTC e hitaande 1927, o wonti soodoowo e les njiimaandi Sosiyetee njulaagu dentuɗo, fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya Lutheran Suisse, Misiyoŋ Basel. O fuɗɗii golle makko ko e soodde kakawo e juuɗe remooɓe e ƴettude jolnooɓe ngam nawde geɗe ɗee to biro Ibadan to United Trading Company. Ndeen o dañii ngalu keewngu ngam soodde otooji makko diwooje, ɓooyaani ko enternet makko yaaji e nder sekteer diwooje. O sosi sosiyetee biyeteeɗo Ijesa United Trading and Transport Company Ltd ngam nawde geɗe ummoraade e gollorɗe makko goɗɗe, kadi o gollina sosiyeteeji njulaagu goɗɗi. Hasre makko e yah-ngartaa fuɗɗii dañde e won e anndinde diiwaan. E darorɗe kitaale 1940, o wonti tergal e yiilirde njulaagu kakawo leydi Nijeer e yiilirde ƴellitaare peewnugol diiwaan hirnaange. E hitaande 1951, Fadaunsi naati e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya e leydi Kameruun, o suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo, o woni wakiliijo Ilesa Sud-Ouest. To dental ngal ko cukko hooreejo luulndo ngo. E hitaande 1962, peccitagol lannda laamu nguu e nder diiwaan hirnaange oo, addani fedde wiyeteende «Parti des populaires unis» sosde, tawi ko fedde feccere nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe diiwaan oo ardii. Ndeen fedde ndee naatii e kawtal e terɗe NCNC. Fadahunsi waɗaama guwerneer diiwaan oo e hitaande 1962. == Tuugnorgal == a3vpmjd8tlw9qvj68bud5gkdqvcwwzl 176575 176574 2026-06-26T11:20:04Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 176575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Joseph Odeleye Fadahunsi,heɗtoKBE (1901 – 12 lewru Mbooy 1986) ko jom ngalu e siyaasaajo leydi Najeriya, o wonnoo ko cukko hooreejo fedde ngenndiire leydi Najeriya e leydi Kameruun. O wakiili kadi diiwal Ilesha nder suudu sarɗiiji wakkati republique arandeere lesdi ndi'i. Oloye mo lenyol Yoruba, ɓaawo man o laati guwerneer lesdi Naajeeriya.<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=The African governor: Sir Chief Joseph Odeleye Fadahunsi|author=Ladigbolu, A.G.A.|date=1996|publisher=Lichfield Nigeria Limited|isbn=9789783049895|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVouAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2014-11-30}}</ref> Ngendam Fadahunsi jibinaa ko to wuro Ilesa e hitaande 1901. O janngi to duɗal leslesal Osu, caggal ɗuum o naati to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley, to wuro Ibadan. Fadahunsi fuɗɗi kuugal janngirde haa janngirde nde laamu walli haa Ilesha, ɓaawo man o janngini haa janngirde Lagos e Ikorodu. O yiɗaa jannginde, o naamndii gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal o jannginta ngal yo wallu e golle njulaagu. Caggal ɗuum gardiiɗo oo holliti mo e sosiyatee njulaagu (UTC). Fadahunsi ƴetti jokkondiral e UTC e hitaande 1927, o wonti soodoowo e les njiimaandi Sosiyetee njulaagu dentuɗo, fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya Lutheran Suisse, Misiyoŋ Basel. O fuɗɗii golle makko ko e soodde kakawo e juuɗe remooɓe e ƴettude jolnooɓe ngam nawde geɗe ɗee to biro Ibadan to United Trading Company. Ndeen o dañii ngalu keewngu ngam soodde otooji makko diwooje, ɓooyaani ko enternet makko yaaji e nder sekteer diwooje. O sosi sosiyetee biyeteeɗo Ijesa United Trading and Transport Company Ltd ngam nawde geɗe ummoraade e gollorɗe makko goɗɗe, kadi o gollina sosiyeteeji njulaagu goɗɗi. Hasre makko e yah-ngartaa fuɗɗii dañde e won e anndinde diiwaan. E darorɗe kitaale 1940, o wonti tergal e yiilirde njulaagu kakawo leydi Nijeer e yiilirde ƴellitaare peewnugol diiwaan hirnaange. E hitaande 1951, Fadaunsi naati e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya e leydi Kameruun, o suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo, o woni wakiliijo Ilesa Sud-Ouest. To dental ngal ko cukko hooreejo luulndo ngo. E hitaande 1962, peccitagol lannda laamu nguu e nder diiwaan hirnaange oo, addani fedde wiyeteende «Parti des populaires unis» sosde, tawi ko fedde feccere nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe diiwaan oo ardii. Ndeen fedde ndee naatii e kawtal e terɗe NCNC. Fadahunsi waɗaama guwerneer diiwaan oo e hitaande 1962. Tuugnorgal j77d8s9y40kv455ulg76264g0vrdl6l 176576 176575 2026-06-26T11:31:27Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1 176576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Joseph Odeleye Fadahunsi,heɗtoKBE (1901 – 12 lewru Mbooy 1986) ko jom ngalu e siyaasaajo leydi Najeriya, o wonnoo ko cukko hooreejo fedde ngenndiire leydi Najeriya e leydi Kameruun. O wakiili kadi diiwal Ilesha nder suudu sarɗiiji wakkati republique arandeere lesdi ndi'i. Oloye mo lenyol Yoruba, ɓaawo man o laati guwerneer lesdi Naajeeriya.<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=The African governor: Sir Chief Joseph Odeleye Fadahunsi|author=Ladigbolu, A.G.A.|date=1996|publisher=Lichfield Nigeria Limited|isbn=9789783049895|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVouAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2014-11-30}}</ref> Ngendam Fadahunsi jibinaa ko to wuro Ilesa e hitaande 1901. O janngi to duɗal leslesal Osu, caggal ɗuum o naati to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley, to wuro Ibadan. Fadahunsi fuɗɗi kuugal janngirde haa janngirde nde laamu walli haa Ilesha, ɓaawo man o janngini haa janngirde Lagos e Ikorodu. O yiɗaa jannginde, o naamndii gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal o jannginta ngal yo wallu e golle njulaagu. Caggal ɗuum gardiiɗo oo holliti mo e sosiyatee njulaagu (UTC).<nowiki><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tonyludlow.net/rnl/rnlbookch18.html#x21-13800018.1 |title=18 The final tour<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2007-06-25 |archive-date=2022-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330022347/http://www.tonyludlow.net/rnl/rnlbookch18.html#x21-13800018.1 |url-status=dead }}</ref></nowiki> He founded Ijesa United Trading and Transport Company Ltd to transport produce from his other businesses and also service other commercial firms. His transport business began to earn in some regional recognition. In the late 1940s, he became member of the boards of the Nigerian Cocoa Marketing Board and the Western Region Production Development Board.<nowiki><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Ijesa icons and the making of modern Nigeria : essays in honour of Ogbeni Rauf Adesoji Aregbesola|others=Aregbesola, Rauf, 1957-, Oyeweso, Siyan|isbn=9789784842549|location=Nigeria|oclc=884328819}}</ref></nowiki> Fadahunsi ƴetti jokkondiral e UTC e hitaande 1927, o wonti soodoowo e les njiimaandi Sosiyetee njulaagu dentuɗo, fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya Lutheran Suisse, Misiyoŋ Basel. O fuɗɗii golle makko ko e soodde kakawo e juuɗe remooɓe e ƴettude jolnooɓe ngam nawde geɗe ɗee to biro Ibadan to United Trading Company. Ndeen o dañii ngalu keewngu ngam soodde otooji makko diwooje, ɓooyaani ko enternet makko yaaji e nder sekteer diwooje. O sosi sosiyetee biyeteeɗo Ijesa United Trading and Transport Company Ltd ngam nawde geɗe ummoraade e gollorɗe makko goɗɗe, kadi o gollina sosiyeteeji njulaagu goɗɗi. Hasre makko e yah-ngartaa fuɗɗii dañde e won e anndinde diiwaan. E darorɗe kitaale 1940, o wonti tergal e yiilirde njulaagu kakawo leydi Nijeer e yiilirde ƴellitaare peewnugol diiwaan hirnaange. E hitaande 1951, Fadaunsi naati e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya e leydi Kameruun, o suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo, o woni wakiliijo Ilesa Sud-Ouest. To dental ngal ko cukko hooreejo luulndo ngo. E hitaande 1962, peccitagol lannda laamu nguu e nder diiwaan hirnaange oo, addani fedde wiyeteende «Parti des populaires unis» sosde, tawi ko fedde feccere nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe diiwaan oo ardii. Ndeen fedde ndee naatii e kawtal e terɗe NCNC. Fadahunsi waɗaama guwerneer diiwaan oo e hitaande 1962. Tuugnorgal 0bm076e27crle3qhtgdu6jjk3zds9zq