Ɗemngal Geji

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'''Geji''' (Gezawa) ko ɗemngal ɗemngal Caadiyankeewal nder diiwal Bawcii, ko ɗemɗe ɗemngal lesdi Caadiyankaewal nder diiwal Bawci, lesdi Naijeriya. Yimɓe tati ɗon woni Buu, Gyaazi e Mәgang. ɗi ɗiɗo ɗi ɗi ɗi ɗon hawti bana non.&lt;ref name=&quot;Blench&quot;&gt;Blench, Roger. 2020. ''[https://www.academia.edu/44809765/An_introduction_to_M%D3%99gang_a_South_Bauchi_language_of_Central_Nigeria An introduction to Mәgang, a South Bauchi language of Central Nigeria]''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Limɗe ==
Limɗe Mәgang ɗe:&lt;ref name=&quot;Blench&quot;&gt;Blench, Roger. 2020. ''[https://www.academia.edu/44809765/An_introduction_to_M%D3%99gang_a_South_Bauchi_language_of_Central_Nigeria An introduction to Mәgang, a South Bauchi language of Central Nigeria]''.&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Limgal
!Mәgang
|-
|go'o
|ɗéɗə ⁇ m
|-
|ɗiɗo
|ɗelop
|-
|tati
|ɗemèkáŋ
|-
|nayi nayi
|ɗu ⁇ psí
|-
|jowi
|Ɗuum ɗon
|-
|6
|Ɗaamaaka
|-
|joweeɗiɗi
|ɓii ɓii
|-
|8
|Ɓiɗa ɓooyma
|-
|9
|be be be be
|-
|sappo
|ɗēkúɬ
|}

== Firooji ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Ɗemɗe]]
[[Category:Ɗemngal]]
[[Category:Naajeeriya]]
[[Category:Diiwal Bawci]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shan George</title>
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'''Shan George''' woni laamu Nigeria nder Nollywood. Kaŋko o waɗi fijirde nder fijirde Thorns of Rose, o waɗi fiirde nder soap opera 1997 wiɗto Winds of Destiny. O anndiraa ngam kuugal maako nder fimji Outkast e ''Welcome to Nollywood''.

== Nguurndam e golle ==
Shan George jibinaa ko ñalnde 21 lewru abriil hitaande 1970. O jibinaa ko to Ediba, wuro e nder diiwaan laamu Abi e nder diiwaan Cross River, leydi Najeriya; Shan jibinaa ko yumma mum Igbo, baaba mum ko Angalteer.[2] Luural ngam jogaade caɗeele e &quot;nguurndam giɗli&quot; makko, dewgal makko gadanal ko nde o heɓi duuɓi 16. O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edanafa, Ediba, Cross River, Naajeeriya.[3] O wonii janngoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos ɗo o janngi ''Mass'' ''Communication'', o yahi haa o waɗi filmo makko gadano ina wiyee All For Winnie e hitaande makko sakkitiinde.[4] Shan George ko fijoowo, jimoowo, waɗoowo filmuuji e gardotooɗo Nollywood lolluɗo hade mum yaltude e filmo ''Thorns of Rose.''[5]

E hitaande 2010, Shan yaltinii albom mum gadano ina wiyee Dance mo heɓi njeenaaje moƴƴe e juuɗe ƴeewooɓe jimɗi.[6] Hannde omo jogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo caggal nde o naati e dewgal keewngal ɓuuɓngal.[7] Ko kanko kadi woni Sosɗo/CEO duɗal filmuuji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi, duɗal filmuuji ''Divine Shield to'' ''Calabar,'' leydi Najeriya.[8]

== Filmogaraafi cuɓaaɗo ==

=== Saabundeeji ===
Henndu Destiny

Caggal Henndu

Daartol mawngol (Reentaade)

=== Filmuuji ===
Gite Rose

Fof Ngam Winndere

Wakkati ɗiɗaɓo (2004)

Yahde (2001)

Diamant ƴiiƴam (2004)

On njaaraama e Nollywood (2007)

Caɗeele hoddiro (2006) hono Isabella

Waɗaa ko e Asamaan

Debbo Seneraal

Limre nde feewaani

Njuumri am

Londres haa abada (2004) hono Rita

Zebraman mawɗo

Laawol mawngol haa yanaande (2000) bana yumma laamiiɗo

Waroowo deƴƴuɗo

Sukaaɓe rewɓe laawol mawngol

Yumma mawɗo

Bonannde passionnée (2006) hono Uduak Asogbuo

Gorko gooto moƴƴo[9]

Waɗde Ko moƴƴi

E nder leydi am (2017) hono Sophia

Dowla (2019) ko Komiseer

Ghetto blues (2020) hono Vero

Akademi (2021) hono Madam Ejor

4:4:44 (2022) ko Yumma Teresa

Kaafaahi Alla (2024) ko Mariyam

=== NJEEJI E TOƊƊE ===
Pijirlooji ɓurɗi heewde jaabaade e nder leydi Nigeriya e nder njeenaaje Africa Movіе Асадему Асадему (AMAA)

Pijirlooji ɓurɗi moƴƴude e nder leydi Nigeriya e njeenaaje ƴeewooɓe (AMVCA)

Keɓɗo njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e njeenaari (GIAMA)

Suɓaama ngam heɓde njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude, debbo (Engele) e njeenaari filmuuji Cross River (CRIMA) – 2013

Gardiiɗo ɓurɗo moƴƴude e njeenaaje Nollywood (CRINA) – 2014

Filmu hitaande nde dow maayo maayo (CRINA) – 2014

Ko ɓuri moƴƴude e peewnugol njeenaaje Nollywood (CRINA) – 2014

Jaɓoowo njeenaari e batu weltaare Calabar (CEC) – 2019

Fijoowo nder yontere nde Don Dollar fijirde – 2019

Jaɓoowo njeenaari e dow fedde ballal Anneozeng Ogozi (AOAF) – 2019

Ƴeew kadi

Doggol waɗooɓe filmuuji leydi Najeriya
[[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]]</text>
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        <username>Trey314159</username>
        <id>5298</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>fix homoglyphs: convert Cyrillic characters in Mov[іе] to Latin</comment>
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      <text bytes="3015" sha1="4ce0x1uoqm2yb0x7q031c99skz8a81b" xml:space="preserve">
'''Shan George''' woni laamu Nigeria nder Nollywood. Kaŋko o waɗi fijirde nder fijirde Thorns of Rose, o waɗi fiirde nder soap opera 1997 wiɗto Winds of Destiny. O anndiraa ngam kuugal maako nder fimji Outkast e ''Welcome to Nollywood''.

== Nguurndam e golle ==
Shan George jibinaa ko ñalnde 21 lewru abriil hitaande 1970. O jibinaa ko to Ediba, wuro e nder diiwaan laamu Abi e nder diiwaan Cross River, leydi Najeriya; Shan jibinaa ko yumma mum Igbo, baaba mum ko Angalteer.[2] Luural ngam jogaade caɗeele e &quot;nguurndam giɗli&quot; makko, dewgal makko gadanal ko nde o heɓi duuɓi 16. O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edanafa, Ediba, Cross River, Naajeeriya.[3] O wonii janngoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos ɗo o janngi ''Mass'' ''Communication'', o yahi haa o waɗi filmo makko gadano ina wiyee All For Winnie e hitaande makko sakkitiinde.[4] Shan George ko fijoowo, jimoowo, waɗoowo filmuuji e gardotooɗo Nollywood lolluɗo hade mum yaltude e filmo ''Thorns of Rose.''[5]

E hitaande 2010, Shan yaltinii albom mum gadano ina wiyee Dance mo heɓi njeenaaje moƴƴe e juuɗe ƴeewooɓe jimɗi.[6] Hannde omo jogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo caggal nde o naati e dewgal keewngal ɓuuɓngal.[7] Ko kanko kadi woni Sosɗo/CEO duɗal filmuuji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi, duɗal filmuuji ''Divine Shield to'' ''Calabar,'' leydi Najeriya.[8]

== Filmogaraafi cuɓaaɗo ==

=== Saabundeeji ===
Henndu Destiny

Caggal Henndu

Daartol mawngol (Reentaade)

=== Filmuuji ===
Gite Rose

Fof Ngam Winndere

Wakkati ɗiɗaɓo (2004)

Yahde (2001)

Diamant ƴiiƴam (2004)

On njaaraama e Nollywood (2007)

Caɗeele hoddiro (2006) hono Isabella

Waɗaa ko e Asamaan

Debbo Seneraal

Limre nde feewaani

Njuumri am

Londres haa abada (2004) hono Rita

Zebraman mawɗo

Laawol mawngol haa yanaande (2000) bana yumma laamiiɗo

Waroowo deƴƴuɗo

Sukaaɓe rewɓe laawol mawngol

Yumma mawɗo

Bonannde passionnée (2006) hono Uduak Asogbuo

Gorko gooto moƴƴo[9]

Waɗde Ko moƴƴi

E nder leydi am (2017) hono Sophia

Dowla (2019) ko Komiseer

Ghetto blues (2020) hono Vero

Akademi (2021) hono Madam Ejor

4:4:44 (2022) ko Yumma Teresa

Kaafaahi Alla (2024) ko Mariyam

=== NJEEJI E TOƊƊE ===
Pijirlooji ɓurɗi heewde jaabaade e nder leydi Nigeriya e nder njeenaaje Africa Movie Асадему Асадему (AMAA)

Pijirlooji ɓurɗi moƴƴude e nder leydi Nigeriya e njeenaaje ƴeewooɓe (AMVCA)

Keɓɗo njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e njeenaari (GIAMA)

Suɓaama ngam heɓde njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude, debbo (Engele) e njeenaari filmuuji Cross River (CRIMA) – 2013

Gardiiɗo ɓurɗo moƴƴude e njeenaaje Nollywood (CRINA) – 2014

Filmu hitaande nde dow maayo maayo (CRINA) – 2014

Ko ɓuri moƴƴude e peewnugol njeenaaje Nollywood (CRINA) – 2014

Jaɓoowo njeenaari e batu weltaare Calabar (CEC) – 2019

Fijoowo nder yontere nde Don Dollar fijirde – 2019

Jaɓoowo njeenaari e dow fedde ballal Anneozeng Ogozi (AOAF) – 2019

Ƴeew kadi

Doggol waɗooɓe filmuuji leydi Najeriya
[[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ga'anda language</title>
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      <text bytes="1077" sha1="5k5rennpsb9w5slj4jip0mcepi6pnh8" xml:space="preserve">'''Ga''' (anndiraaɗo kadi Ganda, Ga'andu, Mokar, Makwar) ko ɗemngal Biu-Mandara, ngal ko ina tolnoo e 43 000 neɗɗo ina kaala e nder diiwaan laamu nokkuure Gombi e nder diiwaan ''Adamawa'' e nder leydi Najeriya. Haalooɓe heewɓe ina nguuri e nder njuuteendi e njaajeendi leydi Najeriya. E nde jogii ɗemɗe tati, ga’anda, gaabun e boga; Blench (2006) renndini Gabun ko ɗemngal ceertungal.&lt;ref&gt;Blench, 2006. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241203055600/http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List] (ms)&lt;/ref&gt;

''Blench'' (2019) limtii Kaɓәn e Fərtata ko mbaydiiji Ga’anda.&lt;ref name=&quot;BlenchAtlas4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=An Atlas of Nigerian Languages|last=Blench|first=Roger|publisher=Kay Williamson Educational Foundation|year=2019|edition=4th|location=Cambridge}}&lt;/ref&gt;Teskorɗe
 Ga'anda to Etnologue (25ɓo, 2022) Ikon udditirɗo
 Blench, 2006. Ɗemɗe Afrik-Aasi: Doggol renndinde e tuugnorgal (ms)
 Roger (2019). Atlas ɗemɗe Naajeeriya (4e éd.). Kambrij: Fedde jaŋde Kay Williamson</text>
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        <username>Trey314159</username>
        <id>5298</id>
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      <comment>fix homoglyphs: convert Cyrillic characters in Kaɓ[ә]n to Latin</comment>
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      <text bytes="1077" sha1="2wyu51fcafa19czvy0wvwa72diifw3n" xml:space="preserve">'''Ga''' (anndiraaɗo kadi Ganda, Ga'andu, Mokar, Makwar) ko ɗemngal Biu-Mandara, ngal ko ina tolnoo e 43 000 neɗɗo ina kaala e nder diiwaan laamu nokkuure Gombi e nder diiwaan ''Adamawa'' e nder leydi Najeriya. Haalooɓe heewɓe ina nguuri e nder njuuteendi e njaajeendi leydi Najeriya. E nde jogii ɗemɗe tati, ga’anda, gaabun e boga; Blench (2006) renndini Gabun ko ɗemngal ceertungal.&lt;ref&gt;Blench, 2006. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241203055600/http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List] (ms)&lt;/ref&gt;

''Blench'' (2019) limtii Kaɓən e Fərtata ko mbaydiiji Ga’anda.&lt;ref name=&quot;BlenchAtlas4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=An Atlas of Nigerian Languages|last=Blench|first=Roger|publisher=Kay Williamson Educational Foundation|year=2019|edition=4th|location=Cambridge}}&lt;/ref&gt;Teskorɗe
 Ga'anda to Etnologue (25ɓo, 2022) Ikon udditirɗo
 Blench, 2006. Ɗemɗe Afrik-Aasi: Doggol renndinde e tuugnorgal (ms)
 Roger (2019). Atlas ɗemɗe Naajeeriya (4e éd.). Kambrij: Fedde jaŋde Kay Williamson</text>
      <sha1>2wyu51fcafa19czvy0wvwa72diifw3n</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Duru languages</title>
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        <username>Trey314159</username>
        <id>5298</id>
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      <comment>fix homoglyphs: convert Cyrillic characters in G[ә]mme to Latin</comment>
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'''Duru''' ko dental ɗemɗe Savana kaaleteeɗe to worgo Kamerun e fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. Ɓe mbinndiraa ko &quot;G4&quot; e nder eɓɓaande ɗemngal-galle Adamawa mo Joseph Greenberg.

Kleinewillinghöfer (2012) kadi ina teskaa nanndugol morfolooji keewɗi hakkunde ɗemɗe Samba-Duru e ɗemɗe Gur hakkundeeje.&lt;ref&gt;Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2012). Correlations of the Noun Class Systems of Central Adamawa and Proto Central Gur.&lt;/ref&gt;
Ɗemɗe Duli (mayɗo) Dii: Duupa, Dugun (Panõ), Dii (MambeMamna’a, Goom, Boow, Ngbang, Sagzee, Vaazin, Home, Nyok) Peere (kutin) Longto (Woko) Vere–Dowayo Dowaayo Sewe Koma Vere Kono Guldemann (2018) ina sikkitii e jokkondiral Samba–Duru e nder fedde wootere.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guldemann&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Languages and Linguistics of Africa|last=Güldemann|first=Tom|editor-last=Güldemann|editor-first=Tom|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|chapter=Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa|year=2018|isbn=978-3-11-042606-9|doi=10.1515/9783110421668-002|location=Berlin|pages=58–444|series=The World of Linguistics series|volume=11|s2cid=133888593}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Senngo E nder lowre Eɓɓoore ɗemɗe AdamawaKleinewillinghöfer (2015) renndinii fedde Samba-Duru ndee nii (ƴeew kadi ɗemɗe Leko).&lt;ref&gt;Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/samba-duru-group/ Samba-Duru group]. Adamawa Languages Project.&lt;/ref&gt;.Sammba-Duru Vere (Were)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07adamawa/files/2015/06/Vere-group-100-.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jango (Maama Jango)&lt;ref&gt;Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/samba-duru-group/mom-jango/ Notes on Jango (Mom Jango)].&lt;/ref&gt; Vere cluster (Momi, Vere Kaadam) emmu (wongi, wongi) Nisim-Eilim Kobom, karum (vere kari), danum Vɔm... Koma Vomni Koolol Gəulv: Yarəm, Lim, Gbaŋrɨm, Baidəm, ZaẠ, Lələm, ekn. Damtəm (Koma Damti), ekn. Miin (Hokku mi) (Koma)&lt;ref&gt;Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2015/06/Gimme-Vere-Doyayo.pdf Gimme-Vere and Doyayo: Comparative Wordlists].&lt;/ref&gt; Gəm kaw (Gəmnime, Gimnime): Beiya, Gindoo; Waktu Gəmme (Kompana, Panme): Yəgme, Dehnime; Baanime Doyayo (Dooyaŋaaji)&lt;ref&gt;Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/samba-duru-group/doyayo/ Doyayo].&lt;/ref&gt; Markɛ; Tɛƴɛrɛ (mo Poli) ; Tɛγάγιιήήήήιήήιήςτττης . Duru Dii ɓuuɓri Dugun (Paape, Sa) Duupa (Paape) P var (Pere, Kutin): Gaziwaːlɛ, Nɔlti), ˀAːlti; Zɔŋ Paarbe (Potopo) Lɔŋto (woko, woko) Samba (samba leeko, leko) Kosam Samba Mubaako (Məbaako, Mumbaako, Nyong) Kolbila[8]. Prjema (Debbo) Inɗe e nokkuuji Les ɗo, doggol inɗe ɗemɗe, yimɓe, e nokkuuji ummoraade e Blench (2019).&lt;ref&gt;Littig, Sabine (2017). [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/samba-duru-group/samba-duru-languages/kolbila/ Kolbila: Geography and history].&lt;/ref&gt;.
Ɗemɗe Cluster Dialects Alternate spellings Innde hoore mum ngam ɗemngal Inɗe goɗɗe (nokkuuji) Inɗe goɗɗe ngam ɗemngal Haalooɓe Nokku(ji) Maama Jango Maama Jango Vere (ƴeew kadi Momĩ, Were, Verre, Kobo (nder Kamerun) 20 000 (ina heen Momĩ, 4 000 e nder Kamerun (1982 SIL) Diiwaan Adamawa, LGA Fufore Momi Ziri Vere (ɗum hawti kadi e Mom Jango, q.v.), Were, Verre, Kobo (to Kamerun) 20 000 e kala (ina heen Mom Jango), 4 000 e nder Kamerun (1982 SIL) Diiwaan Adamawa, LGA Yola e Fufore ; e nder leydi Kameruun Koma cluster Koma Ko nanndi e inɗe Kameruun e Niiseer ina laaɓti Kuma, Koma (helmere fulfulde nde Gomme, Gomnome, Ndera; ALCAM ina jogori waɗde ɗemɗe ceertuɗe hay so tawii ko ɗemɗe ɓadtiiɗe) 3 000 (1982 SIL); ko ɓuri heewde e nder diiwaan Adamawa Kameruun, LGAaji Ganye e Fufore, e nder koye Alantika ; kadi to leydi Kameruun Gomme Koma Gəmme Damti, Koma Kampana, Panbe Gomnome Koma Gọmnọme Mbeya, Gimbe, Koma Kadam, Laame, Youtubo Ndera Koma Vomni, Doome, Doobe Teskorɗe. Koolaaɗo kuuɓal, Ulrich (2012). Korrelaasiyoŋaaji Siistemaaji Kalaas Inɗe Adamawa Cakaare e Gur Cakaari Proto.
Guldemaan, Tom (2018). &quot;Ɗemɗe taariiɗe e peccitagol ɗemɗe iwdi e nder Afrik&quot;. E nder Guldemann, Tom (moƴƴinoowo). Ɗemɗe e Ɗemɗe Afrik. Sereeji Aduna ɗemɗiyankaagal. Vol. 11. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. 58-444. Doi: 10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9. S2CID 133888593.
Koolaaɗo kuuɓal, Ulrich. 2015. Fedde sammba-duru. Eɓɓoore ɗemɗe Adamawa.
100-.pdf [bare URL PDF]
Koolaaɗo kuuɓal, Ulrich (2015). Teskorɗe dow Jango (Maama Jango).
Koolaaɗo kuuɓal, Ulrich (2015). Gimme-Vere e Doyayo: Doggol konnguɗi nannditiiɗi.

==Koolaaɗo kuuɓal, Ulrich (2015). Doyayo==
Littig, Sabin (2017). Kolbila Joogaraafi e daartol.
Roger (2019). Atlas ɗemɗe Naajeeriya (4e éd.). Kambrij: Fedde jaŋde Kay Williamson.
==Himobe==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bikwin–Jen languages</title>
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      <text bytes="6608" sha1="83axuca8xkh639hb9ngn3tz81cwf192" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}The '''Bikwin'''–Jen or simply the Jen languages form a branch of the Adamawa family. ''They are spoken in and around Karim Lamido LGA (to the north of'' Jalingo LGA) in Taraba State, and in other nearby ''states'' ''of eastern Nigeria.''

Bikwin-Jen may not necessarily be a coherent group. Due to the internal diversity of Bikwin-Jen, Guldemann (2018) suggests that Bikwin and Jen could form separate groups.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guldemann&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Languages and Linguistics of Africa|last=Güldemann|first=Tom|editor-last=Güldemann|editor-first=Tom|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|chapter=Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa|year=2018|isbn=978-3-11-042606-9|doi=10.1515/9783110421668-002|location=Berlin|pages=58–444|series=The World of Linguistics series|volume=11|s2cid=133888593}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Classification
Norton &amp; Othaniel (2020) and Norton (2019) refer to Bikwin–Jen simply as Jen. Kleinewillinghöfer (2015) uses the name Bikwin–Jen.

Kleinewillinghöfer (2015)
Kleinewillinghöfer (2015) classifies the Bikwin-Jen group as follows in the Adamawa Languages Project website.&lt;ref&gt;Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/bikwin-jen-group/ Bikwin-Jen group]. Adamawa Languages Project.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bikwin-Jen Bikwin Burak-Loo Burak [ɓʋʋrak] Loo [shʋŋɔ] Mak-Tal Mak (LeeMak) Panya Zoo Maɣdi (Tala) Bikwin (proper) Leelau (Munga Leelau) Mɔɔ (Gomu) Kya̰k (Bambuka) Jen (Janjo) Dza Dza (local variants) Joole, Jaule Munga Doso Tha [θá] Norton &amp; Othaniel (2020) Classification of the Jen languages by Norton &amp; Othaniel (2020):&lt;ref name=&quot;NortonOthaniel&quot; /&gt; ===

=== Jen	 Burak-Loo ===
Maghdi, Mak

Kyak-Moo-Leelau

Tha

Doso-Dza

''Language names, ISO codes, and autonyms of the Jen languages (Norton &amp; Othaniel 2020):''

&lt;ref name=&quot;NortonOthaniel2&quot; /&gt;

{{clade|{{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Burak-Loo
|2=Maghdi, Mak
}}
|2={{clade
|1=Kyak-Moo-Leelau
|2={{clade
|1=Tha
|2=Doso-Dza
}}
}}
}}|label1='''Jen'''}}

Language names, ISO codes, and autonyms of the Jen languages (Norton &amp; Othaniel 2020):&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NortonOthaniel&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

''ISO 639-3 code	Language name	Autonym(s)''
bys	Burak	[ɓʊ̄ːrɑ̀k]
ldo	Loo (Shungo Galdemaru, Shungo Waamura, Tadam)	[ʃʊ̀ŋɔ́]; [lō] ‘head’
gmd	Maghdi (Tala)	[mɑ̀kdī], [mɑ̂ɣdī]
pbl	Mak (Lee Mak) of Panya and Zoo	[mɑ̀k], [lè mɑ̀k] ‘they (of) Mak’
bka	Kyak (Bambuka)	[kjɑ᷅ k̃ ]
gwg	Moo (Gomu)	[mɔ̄]
ldk	Leelau (Munga Leelau)	[lê ləù] ‘road (to) Lau’
mko	Munga Doso	[mɨŋɡɑ̃ dɔsɔ] ‘river original’
jen	Dza of Jen and Joole	[i-d͡zə] (d͡zə ‘reed plant sp.’)
thy	Tha (Joole Manga)	[ðə̀], [ɲwɑ́ ðɑ́] (ɲwɑ́ ‘mouth’)
Norton &amp; Othaniel (2020) also reconstruct more than 250 words for Proto-Jen.

&lt;ref name=&quot;NortonOthaniel3&quot; /&gt;

{{clade|{{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Burak-Loo
|2=Maghdi, Mak
}}
|2={{clade
|1=Kyak-Moo-Leelau
|2={{clade
|1=Tha
|2=Doso-Dza
}}
}}
}}|label1='''Jen'''}}

Language names, ISO codes, and autonyms of the Jen languages (Norton &amp; Othaniel 2020):&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NortonOthaniel&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

''Norton (2019)''
Jen cluster classification according to Norton (2019):

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
![[ISO 639-3]] code
!Language name
!Autonym(s)
|-
|[[ISO 639:bys|bys]]
|Burak
|[ɓʊ̄ːrɑ̀k]
|-
|[[ISO 639:ldo|ldo]]
|Loo (Shungo Galdemaru, Shungo Waamura, Tadam)
|[ʃʊ̀ŋɔ́]; [lō] ‘head’
|-
|[[ISO 639:gmd|gmd]]
|Maghdi (Tala)
|[mɑ̀kdī], [mɑ̂ɣdī]
|-
|[[ISO 639:pbl|pbl]]
|Mak (Lee Mak) of Panya and Zoo
|[mɑ̀k], [lè mɑ̀k] ‘they (of) Mak’
|-
|[[ISO 639:bka|bka]]
|Kyak (Bambuka)
|[kjɑ᷅ k̃ ]
|-
|[[ISO 639:gwg|gwg]]
|Moo (Gomu)
|[mɔ̄]
|-
|[[ISO 639:ldk|ldk]]
|Leelau (Munga Leelau)
|[lê ləù] ‘road (to) Lau’
|-
|[[ISO 639:mko|mko]]
|Munga Doso
|[mɨŋɡɑ̃ dɔsɔ] ‘river original’
|-
|[[ISO 639:jen|jen]]
|Dza of Jen and Joole
|[i-d͡zə] (d͡zə ‘reed plant sp.’)
|-
|[[ISO 639:thy|thy]]
|Tha (Joole Manga)
|[ðə̀], [ɲwɑ́ ðɑ́] (ɲwɑ́ ‘mouth’)
|}
Norton &amp; Othaniel (2020) also reconstruct more than 250 words for Proto-Jen.&lt;ref name=&quot;NortonOthaniel4&quot; /&gt;

''Jen
Burak, Loo
Maghdi, LeeMak
Kyak-Moo-LeeLau (Munga LeeLau)
Tha (Joole Manga)
Doso-Dza (Munga Doso; Dza-Joole)
Language varieties that are part of the Jen cluster according to Norton (2019):[4]''

''Jen cluster
Burak
Loo of Galdemaru and Waamura
Maghdi (Tala)
Mak (LeeMak) of Panya and Zoo
Kyãk (Bambuka)
Moo (Gomu)
LeeLau (Munga LeeLau)
Munga Doso
Dza (Jenjo) and Joole
Tha (Joole Manga)
Names and locations
Below is a list of language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).

&lt;ref name=&quot;NortonOthaniel5&quot; /&gt;

=== Norton (2019) ===
Jen cluster classification according to Norton (2019):&lt;ref name=&quot;Norton&quot; /&gt;

''Language	Branch	Cluster	Dialects	Alternate spellings	Own name for language	Endonym(s)	Other names (location-based)	Other names for language	Exonym(s)	Speakers	Location(s)
Tha	Bikwin-Jen										Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA and Adamawa State, Numan LGA. Joole Manga Dìdí village
Dza	Jen			Dza, Ja	nnwa’ Dzâ	Èédzá, ídzà	Jenjo, Janjo, Jen			6,100 (1952). Figures for Dza may include other Jen groups such as Joole and Tha (q.v.)	
Joole	Jen				èèʒìì	nwá èèʒìì					Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA and Adamawa State, Numan LGA. Along the Benue River.
Mingang Doso	Jen			Munga	ŋwai Məngàn	Mingang Doso	Dosọ				Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA. 15 km. East of Karim Lamido town. One village and associated hamlets.
Burak	Bikwin				yu Ɓuurak pl. yele Ɓuurak	nyuwǎ Ɓúúrák	‘Yele		Shongom [name of an LGA]	4,000 (1992 est.)	Gombe State, Shongom LGA, Burak town. 25 villages. A highly distinctive form is spoken in Tadam village.
Kyak	Bikwin				Kyãk	Kyãk	Bambuka			10,000 (SIL)	Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA, Bambuka
Leelạu	Bikwin			Lelo			Munga			One village and an associated hamlet	Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA. 15 km. East of Karim Lamido town.
Loo	Bikwin				Shúŋ̣ ó ̣	Shúŋ̣ ó–̣ North, Shúŋ̣ ó–̣ South				8,000 (1992 est.)	Kaltungo LGA, Gombe State, Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA. 30 km. North of Karim Lamido town. Lo village and associated hamlets.
Maghdi	Bikwin				Mághdì	Mághdì sg., lee Mághdì pl.		Widala also applies to Kholok		Fewer than 2,000 (1992)	Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA. A section of the Widala
Mak	Bikwin		Panya, Zo		Mak	LeeMak	Panya, Panyam (From Poonya, the name of a founding hero) Zoo				Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA. 15 km. north of Karim Lamido town.
Mɔɔ	Bikwin				ŋwaa Mɔ́ɔ̀	yáá Mɔ̀ɔ̀	Gwomo, Gwom, Gwomu, Gomu''</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Belnəng language</title>
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      <text bytes="2583" sha1="dn1ujcn73ejb5dwy8852rqak4q8ibkv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Belnəng''' (Belneng, Bəlnəng, Belning, Bɨlnɨng) ko ɗemngal Caad Hirnaange je nder Shendam LGA, Diiwaan Plateau, Nijeeriya ɓadiiɗo ɗemngal Angas. Ko ina wona 500 neɗɗo ina kaala ɗum e nder wuro wooto ngo Langung, ngo taariiɓe gure Tal to fuɗnaange e gure Miship to hirnaange (Blench 2017).&lt;ref name=&quot;Blench2017&quot;&gt;Blench, Roger. 2017. [https://www.academia.edu/35507157/CURRENT_RESEARCH_ON_THE_A3_WEST_CHADIC_LANGUAGES Current research on the A3 West Chadic languages].&lt;/ref&gt; It is documented in Blench &amp; Bulkaam (2019).&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Blench&quot;&gt; Ina winndaa e nder deftere Blench &amp; Bulkaam (2019).&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Lexicon ==
Some Belneng names of plants and animals:&lt;ref name=&quot;Blench&quot; /&gt;

=== Leksikon Won e inɗe Belneng leɗɗe e daabaaji: ===
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Lexicon ==
Some Belneng names of plants and animals:&lt;ref name=&quot;Blench2&quot; /&gt;

=== Innde Belneng Innde Belneng e nder IPA Innde Engele Innde ganndal bәbar bə̀bāɾ suudu bat Scotophilus spp. ɓip ɓíp taƴoowo huɗo ''Thryonomys'' fenaande ɓwaar ɓwāːɾ yam Dioscorea spp. dashim dàʃīm ƴeewndotooɗo ƴiye Varanus eksantematikus ndeen ɗìːn ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe Rousettus ejiptiyaas fwem fʷɛḿ Liɗɗi afriknaajo Haliaeetus vocifer goktaa ɡɔ́ktáː kobra ɓaleejo e daneejo Naja melanoleuca subfulva gwan ɡwàn kokoyam; taro Kolokasi ɓiɗɗo kaap kāːp baali Papio anubis kәn kə̄n buubaaji; nagge ladde Sinserus kafer kut kút mboros Koroodi nilotikus kyek ʲɛḱ porcupin Histrix cristata ləshim lə̀ʃìm lewru Pantera pardus lututut lútūtūt Senegaal coucal Centropus senegalensis mermɛɾ̄ piton haayre Piton sebae mfәt ɱfə̀t ɓowɗi Anofeles spp. mura mùɾá jaak Canis adustus nakwom nàkwɔ̄m farayse; ɓiɗngel ladde Farankolinus spp. ngaan ŋàːn tufa kobra Naja nigricollis nigricollis ngwanglang millipede Iule spp. njolong ⁿʤɔ̀lɔŋ wasp mason Belonogaster griseus nkalaŋ pied korona Corvus albus nkamu ᵑkàmù ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe nkiikii ᵑkīːkíː juuloowo mantis Sfodromantis phyllocrana nlang ⁿlāŋ ɓiɗngel Agama agama nwup ⁿwūp mboros mawɗo; mboros biyeteeɗo Krisetomis gambiyanus paappaːp duiker boɗeejo Sefalofus rufilatus pit pìt patas monkey Eritrosebus patas pupur pupūɾ ƴiye Atelerix albiventris shangkön ʃáŋkə̄n gecko mahol Gekkonidae shomgot ʃɔ̀mɡɔ̀t dassie; mbabba haayre; hirax kaaƴe Prokaviya kapensis shwishwen ʃwīʃʷɛn̄ yam weeyo Dioskorea bulbifera shwom ʃʷɔ̀m Gine-fowl Numida meleagris tanglap tàŋlàp nightjar Kaprimulgus spp. ===</text>
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      <text bytes="2583" sha1="73vrhrxjpddvb7r0959jx92i1hkftzx" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Belnəng''' (Belneng, Bəlnəng, Belning, Bɨlnɨng) ko ɗemngal Caad Hirnaange je nder Shendam LGA, Diiwaan Plateau, Nijeeriya ɓadiiɗo ɗemngal Angas. Ko ina wona 500 neɗɗo ina kaala ɗum e nder wuro wooto ngo Langung, ngo taariiɓe gure Tal to fuɗnaange e gure Miship to hirnaange (Blench 2017).&lt;ref name=&quot;Blench2017&quot;&gt;Blench, Roger. 2017. [https://www.academia.edu/35507157/CURRENT_RESEARCH_ON_THE_A3_WEST_CHADIC_LANGUAGES Current research on the A3 West Chadic languages].&lt;/ref&gt; It is documented in Blench &amp; Bulkaam (2019).&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Blench&quot;&gt; Ina winndaa e nder deftere Blench &amp; Bulkaam (2019).&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Lexicon ==
Some Belneng names of plants and animals:&lt;ref name=&quot;Blench&quot; /&gt;

=== Leksikon Won e inɗe Belneng leɗɗe e daabaaji: ===
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Lexicon ==
Some Belneng names of plants and animals:&lt;ref name=&quot;Blench2&quot; /&gt;

=== Innde Belneng Innde Belneng e nder IPA Innde Engele Innde ganndal bәbar bə̀bāɾ suudu bat Scotophilus spp. ɓip ɓíp taƴoowo huɗo ''Thryonomys'' fenaande ɓwaar ɓwāːɾ yam Dioscorea spp. dashim dàʃīm ƴeewndotooɗo ƴiye Varanus eksantematikus ndeen ɗìːn ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe Rousettus ejiptiyaas fwem fʷɛḿ Liɗɗi afriknaajo Haliaeetus vocifer goktaa ɡɔ́ktáː kobra ɓaleejo e daneejo Naja melanoleuca subfulva gwan ɡwàn kokoyam; taro Kolokasi ɓiɗɗo kaap kāːp baali Papio anubis kən kə̄n buubaaji; nagge ladde Sinserus kafer kut kút mboros Koroodi nilotikus kyek ʲɛḱ porcupin Histrix cristata ləshim lə̀ʃìm lewru Pantera pardus lututut lútūtūt Senegaal coucal Centropus senegalensis mermɛɾ̄ piton haayre Piton sebae mfәt ɱfə̀t ɓowɗi Anofeles spp. mura mùɾá jaak Canis adustus nakwom nàkwɔ̄m farayse; ɓiɗngel ladde Farankolinus spp. ngaan ŋàːn tufa kobra Naja nigricollis nigricollis ngwanglang millipede Iule spp. njolong ⁿʤɔ̀lɔŋ wasp mason Belonogaster griseus nkalaŋ pied korona Corvus albus nkamu ᵑkàmù ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe nkiikii ᵑkīːkíː juuloowo mantis Sfodromantis phyllocrana nlang ⁿlāŋ ɓiɗngel Agama agama nwup ⁿwūp mboros mawɗo; mboros biyeteeɗo Krisetomis gambiyanus paappaːp duiker boɗeejo Sefalofus rufilatus pit pìt patas monkey Eritrosebus patas pupur pupūɾ ƴiye Atelerix albiventris shangkön ʃáŋkə̄n gecko mahol Gekkonidae shomgot ʃɔ̀mɡɔ̀t dassie; mbabba haayre; hirax kaaƴe Prokaviya kapensis shwishwen ʃwīʃʷɛn̄ yam weeyo Dioskorea bulbifera shwom ʃʷɔ̀m Gine-fowl Numida meleagris tanglap tàŋlàp nightjar Kaprimulgus spp. ===</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bauchi language</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>fix homoglyphs: convert Cyrillic characters in Vund[ә]k to Latin</comment>
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      <text bytes="1430" sha1="d981u9en3rya1ep39v81kj1fboykowx" xml:space="preserve">'''Bauchi'''
Ko leydi Najeriya
Diiwaan Rafi, Naajeeriya LGA, Diiwaan Nijeriya
Leñol Bauchi
Haalooɓe ɗemngal neeniwal (20 000 cifaaɗi e hitaande 1988)&lt;ref name=&quot;BlenchAtlas4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=An Atlas of Nigerian Languages|last=Blench|first=Roger|publisher=Kay Williamson Educational Foundation|year=2019|edition=4th|location=Cambridge}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Galle ɗemɗe
Niiseer–Kongo?
Atlantik–Kongo
Benue-Kongo
Kainji
Shiroro
Baushi–Fungwa
Bauchi
Kode ɗemɗe
ISO 639-3
Glotolog baac1238
Zora[2]
Neɗɗo uZora
Yimɓe aZora
Ɗemngal iZora
Haayna[2]
Neɗɗo Vihɨpɨna
Yimɓe Vihɨpɨna
Ɗemngal Tihɨpɨna
Man[2]
Neɗɗo Vwinyi Mɨn
Yimɓe Ayi Mɨn
Ɗemngal Tiimɨn
Dәкә[2]
Neɗɗo Vundək
Yimɓe Andәka
Ɗemngal Tundәkә
Laawol[2]
Neɗɗo Vũwãyã
Yimɓe Ãwãyã
Ɗemngal Tũwãyã
Bauchi (Bauci, Baushi) ko dental ɗemɗe Kainji kaaleteeɗe e Rafi, Niiseriyaa LGA, Diiwaan Niiseer, Niiseriyaa.

=== Ɗemɗe Ɗemɗe Bausi ɗee ko (Blench 2012):&lt;ref name=&quot;BlenchAtlas42&quot; /&gt; ===

=== Samburu Ndəkə (Madaka) - leƴƴi tati : Undo, Sammbora, Jibwa Hupɨnɨ (Supana) Wayya (wayam) Rubu Man Blench (2018) limtii ɗemɗe Baushi ɗee ko Ndəkə, Hɨpɨn, Mɨɨ, Rub, Samburu, e Wãyã. ===

=== Fonoloji Ɗemɗe Bauchi ina njogii denndaangal daandeeji ɗi keewaani wonande nokku oo, ɗi Blench inniri &quot;linguo-labials&quot;. Ɗe nanndi ko e ɓadtirɗe hakkunde dente Filipiin, ɗo ɗemngal waawi yaltude seeɗa e dow leppi les ɗii. ===</text>
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        <id>5298</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>fix homoglyphs: convert Cyrillic characters in And[ә]ka to Latin</comment>
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      <text bytes="1430" sha1="47acu2twoo34i9xj5lehm6z03wzu3ao" xml:space="preserve">'''Bauchi'''
Ko leydi Najeriya
Diiwaan Rafi, Naajeeriya LGA, Diiwaan Nijeriya
Leñol Bauchi
Haalooɓe ɗemngal neeniwal (20 000 cifaaɗi e hitaande 1988)&lt;ref name=&quot;BlenchAtlas4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=An Atlas of Nigerian Languages|last=Blench|first=Roger|publisher=Kay Williamson Educational Foundation|year=2019|edition=4th|location=Cambridge}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Galle ɗemɗe
Niiseer–Kongo?
Atlantik–Kongo
Benue-Kongo
Kainji
Shiroro
Baushi–Fungwa
Bauchi
Kode ɗemɗe
ISO 639-3
Glotolog baac1238
Zora[2]
Neɗɗo uZora
Yimɓe aZora
Ɗemngal iZora
Haayna[2]
Neɗɗo Vihɨpɨna
Yimɓe Vihɨpɨna
Ɗemngal Tihɨpɨna
Man[2]
Neɗɗo Vwinyi Mɨn
Yimɓe Ayi Mɨn
Ɗemngal Tiimɨn
Dәкә[2]
Neɗɗo Vundək
Yimɓe Andəka
Ɗemngal Tundәkә
Laawol[2]
Neɗɗo Vũwãyã
Yimɓe Ãwãyã
Ɗemngal Tũwãyã
Bauchi (Bauci, Baushi) ko dental ɗemɗe Kainji kaaleteeɗe e Rafi, Niiseriyaa LGA, Diiwaan Niiseer, Niiseriyaa.

=== Ɗemɗe Ɗemɗe Bausi ɗee ko (Blench 2012):&lt;ref name=&quot;BlenchAtlas42&quot; /&gt; ===

=== Samburu Ndəkə (Madaka) - leƴƴi tati : Undo, Sammbora, Jibwa Hupɨnɨ (Supana) Wayya (wayam) Rubu Man Blench (2018) limtii ɗemɗe Baushi ɗee ko Ndəkə, Hɨpɨn, Mɨɨ, Rub, Samburu, e Wãyã. ===

=== Fonoloji Ɗemɗe Bauchi ina njogii denndaangal daandeeji ɗi keewaani wonande nokku oo, ɗi Blench inniri &quot;linguo-labials&quot;. Ɗe nanndi ko e ɓadtirɗe hakkunde dente Filipiin, ɗo ɗemngal waawi yaltude seeɗa e dow leppi les ɗii. ===</text>
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        <id>5298</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>fix homoglyphs: convert Cyrillic characters in Tund[ә]k[ә] to Latin</comment>
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      <text bytes="1430" sha1="o9sgr3171f9c5rn9mn90401flndwi6o" xml:space="preserve">'''Bauchi'''
Ko leydi Najeriya
Diiwaan Rafi, Naajeeriya LGA, Diiwaan Nijeriya
Leñol Bauchi
Haalooɓe ɗemngal neeniwal (20 000 cifaaɗi e hitaande 1988)&lt;ref name=&quot;BlenchAtlas4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=An Atlas of Nigerian Languages|last=Blench|first=Roger|publisher=Kay Williamson Educational Foundation|year=2019|edition=4th|location=Cambridge}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Galle ɗemɗe
Niiseer–Kongo?
Atlantik–Kongo
Benue-Kongo
Kainji
Shiroro
Baushi–Fungwa
Bauchi
Kode ɗemɗe
ISO 639-3
Glotolog baac1238
Zora[2]
Neɗɗo uZora
Yimɓe aZora
Ɗemngal iZora
Haayna[2]
Neɗɗo Vihɨpɨna
Yimɓe Vihɨpɨna
Ɗemngal Tihɨpɨna
Man[2]
Neɗɗo Vwinyi Mɨn
Yimɓe Ayi Mɨn
Ɗemngal Tiimɨn
Dәкә[2]
Neɗɗo Vundək
Yimɓe Andəka
Ɗemngal Tundəkə
Laawol[2]
Neɗɗo Vũwãyã
Yimɓe Ãwãyã
Ɗemngal Tũwãyã
Bauchi (Bauci, Baushi) ko dental ɗemɗe Kainji kaaleteeɗe e Rafi, Niiseriyaa LGA, Diiwaan Niiseer, Niiseriyaa.

=== Ɗemɗe Ɗemɗe Bausi ɗee ko (Blench 2012):&lt;ref name=&quot;BlenchAtlas42&quot; /&gt; ===

=== Samburu Ndəkə (Madaka) - leƴƴi tati : Undo, Sammbora, Jibwa Hupɨnɨ (Supana) Wayya (wayam) Rubu Man Blench (2018) limtii ɗemɗe Baushi ɗee ko Ndəkə, Hɨpɨn, Mɨɨ, Rub, Samburu, e Wãyã. ===

=== Fonoloji Ɗemɗe Bauchi ina njogii denndaangal daandeeji ɗi keewaani wonande nokku oo, ɗi Blench inniri &quot;linguo-labials&quot;. Ɗe nanndi ko e ɓadtirɗe hakkunde dente Filipiin, ɗo ɗemngal waawi yaltude seeɗa e dow leppi les ɗii. ===</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Akinola Maja</title>
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Mawɗo '''Akinola Maja''' Listen R ko doktoor Naajeeriya, jom njulaagu, balloowo e politik, ko o hooreejo fedde sukaaɓe Naajeeriya gila 1944 haa 1951. Caggal ɗuum o wonti hooreejo fedde Egbe Omo Oduduwa e hitaande 1953. 

Mawɗo Maja ina joginoo tiitooɗe laamɗo '''Baba Eko''' ( ''Baaba Lagos'' e nder [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] ) e '''Jagunmolu''' Orile-Ijaiye.

Doktoor cafroowo e heblo makko, o heɓi bak makko e hitaande 1918 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh to Edinburgh, Ecosse, o woni e leydi Angalteer duuɓi tati garooji ɗii hade makko hootde to leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1921. O golliima seeɗa e laamu koloñaal hade makko naatde e golle keertiiɗe ngam sosde kilinik makko. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)&quot;&gt;ciimtol ina haani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Ngendam ==
Akinola Maja jibinaa ko '''Sope Akinola Piirs''' . Baaba makko ina wiyee James Adaramaja Pearce ko kaɓirgal, yumma makko ko yeeyoowo mburu. Laawol Breadfruit ɓurngol lollude e nder wuro makko Lagos, inniraa ko noon sabu noddaango yumma makko. Pearce jeyaa ko e renndo Saro ƴellitiiɗo. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)&quot;&gt;ciimtol ina haani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Baaba Maja maayi ko suka, o suɓaa ko ɓiɗɗo gooto ngam janngude no feewi e toppitaade heddiiɓe e galle caggal ɗuum. Yumma makko ina moofti kaalis keewɗo ngam neldude mo jaŋde caggal leydi. O ari Ecoppi ko juuti caggal ɗuum.

Kewu maantinɗo e nguurndam Maja waɗi ko e hitaande 1918, ɗo o seerti e leñol makko. Maja ina yahra yeeso e jaŋde, ina fotnoo rokkeede njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e almuudo e nder kewu nguu . Almuɓɓe wondiiɓe makko e hoɓɓe njilluɓe ɓee ina kaawaa nde tawnoo almuudo ɓurɗo waawde jaŋde e nder hitaande ndee ko Najeriyaajo tigi, ina majjere e innde makko. Maja waɗaama ngam faddaade nde faculté oo tabitini wonde ko goonga o dañii njeenaari ndii e njeñtudi jaŋde makko. Nde o yiyi jaabawol bonngol ngol ɓaleejo heɓi njeenaari ndii e nder almudɓe makko, Maja felliti woppude innde makko janannde, o juuttini innde hakkundeere baaba makko Adaramaja, o waɗti ɗum Maja ngam lomtaade ɗum. O hunii kadi wonde hay gooto e iwdi makko jogoraani jogaade inɗe ɗe ngonaa Niiseer, aada mo worɓe galle Maja njokki haa hannde. [ ]

Nde o arti e ko wiyetee ndeen Kolonial Nijeer, Maja golliima e nder sarwiis laamu ko juuti. Nde tawnoo o weltaaki e golle ɗe ɗum rokki mo, o joofniri ko sosde nokku keeriiɗo to Lagos. 

E hitaande 1933, Maja jeyaa ko e sosɓe Banke Ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer, kanko e [[Teofilus Adebayo Doherti|T. A. Doherty]], Olatunde Jonson e Hamzat Subair.  Banke oo ko juɓɓule Afrik duumotooɗe, caggal ɗuum ƴelliti jokkondiral tiiɗngal e lannda politik Action Group . Won e sosɓe banke oo ɗo njokkondiri e Diɗɗal Sukaaɓe Ngenndiwal, caggal ɗuum ɓe cosi Service Press, bayyinoowo jaaynde ''Daily Service'' . ''Daily Service'' fuɗɗii golle mum ko no hunduko NYM.  E nder duuɓi sappo ko adii jeytaare leydi Najeriya, Maja ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e golle njulaagu, tawi ina waɗi nafoore ceertunde. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1950, o wondi e Sule Gbadamosi sosde fedde seraaji to Ikorodu . O woniino kadi gardiiɗo Sosiyetee ngenndiijo toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njulaagu e jawdi, mo fedde Action huutortoo ngam heɓde kaalis kampaañ. 

Maja resndi ɗum ko mawɗo jaagorɗe biyeteeɗo Obasa Maja, ɓiy laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo [[Orisadipe Obasa]] . Mawɗo Obasa Maja ko Erelu Kuti mo Lagos, tiitoonde laamɗo waɗnde mo yumma laamɗo laamɗo e ndeen laamu. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)&quot;&gt;ciimtol ina haani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Maja ina joginoo ɓiɓɓe nayo. Majas'en ɗon jooɗi haa Garber Square, nder gootel nder cuuɗi arandeeji ɗin nder leydi Naajeeriya, nden boo jooɗorde maɓɓe ɗon nder njillu laabi Lagos ngam nafuuda maako nder taariiha. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Ɓiyiiko, Doktoor Oladipo Maja ko doktoor ganndiraaɗo, baawɗo moƴƴere, sosɗo opitaal gite Maja, mo junngo mum moƴƴo ƴetti sarwisaaji safrooɓe gite mawɓe ngam waɗde opereeji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi wonande wumɓe e waasɓe yiyde. 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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Mawɗo '''Akinola Maja''' Listen R ko doktoor Naajeeriya, jom njulaagu, balloowo e politik, ko o hooreejo fedde sukaaɓe Naajeeriya gila 1944 haa 1951. Caggal ɗuum o wonti hooreejo fedde Egbe Omo Oduduwa e hitaande 1953. &lt;ref&gt;非洲研究中心&quot;. shcas.shnu.edu.cn. Retrieved 2020-05-30.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mawɗo Maja ina joginoo tiitooɗe laamɗo '''Baba Eko''' ( ''Baaba Lagos'' e nder [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] ) e '''Jagunmolu''' Orile-Ijaiye.

Doktoor cafroowo e heblo makko, o heɓi bak makko e hitaande 1918 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh to Edinburgh, Ecosse, o woni e leydi Angalteer duuɓi tati garooji ɗii hade makko hootde to leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1921. O golliima seeɗa e laamu koloñaal hade makko naatde e golle keertiiɗe ngam sosde kilinik makko. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)&quot;&gt;ciimtol ina haani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Ngendam ==
Akinola Maja jibinaa ko '''Sope Akinola Piirs''' . Baaba makko ina wiyee James Adaramaja Pearce ko kaɓirgal, yumma makko ko yeeyoowo mburu. Laawol Breadfruit ɓurngol lollude e nder wuro makko Lagos, inniraa ko noon sabu noddaango yumma makko. Pearce jeyaa ko e renndo Saro ƴellitiiɗo. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)&quot;&gt;ciimtol ina haani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Baaba Maja maayi ko suka, o suɓaa ko ɓiɗɗo gooto ngam janngude no feewi e toppitaade heddiiɓe e galle caggal ɗuum. Yumma makko ina moofti kaalis keewɗo ngam neldude mo jaŋde caggal leydi. O ari Ecoppi ko juuti caggal ɗuum.

Kewu maantinɗo e nguurndam Maja waɗi ko e hitaande 1918, ɗo o seerti e leñol makko. Maja ina yahra yeeso e jaŋde, ina fotnoo rokkeede njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e almuudo e nder kewu nguu . Almuɓɓe wondiiɓe makko e hoɓɓe njilluɓe ɓee ina kaawaa nde tawnoo almuudo ɓurɗo waawde jaŋde e nder hitaande ndee ko Najeriyaajo tigi, ina majjere e innde makko. Maja waɗaama ngam faddaade nde faculté oo tabitini wonde ko goonga o dañii njeenaari ndii e njeñtudi jaŋde makko. Nde o yiyi jaabawol bonngol ngol ɓaleejo heɓi njeenaari ndii e nder almudɓe makko, Maja felliti woppude innde makko janannde, o juuttini innde hakkundeere baaba makko Adaramaja, o waɗti ɗum Maja ngam lomtaade ɗum. O hunii kadi wonde hay gooto e iwdi makko jogoraani jogaade inɗe ɗe ngonaa Niiseer, aada mo worɓe galle Maja njokki haa hannde. [ ]

Nde o arti e ko wiyetee ndeen Kolonial Nijeer, Maja golliima e nder sarwiis laamu ko juuti. Nde tawnoo o weltaaki e golle ɗe ɗum rokki mo, o joofniri ko sosde nokku keeriiɗo to Lagos. 

E hitaande 1933, Maja jeyaa ko e sosɓe Banke Ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer, kanko e [[Teofilus Adebayo Doherti|T. A. Doherty]], Olatunde Jonson e Hamzat Subair.  Banke oo ko juɓɓule Afrik duumotooɗe, caggal ɗuum ƴelliti jokkondiral tiiɗngal e lannda politik Action Group . Won e sosɓe banke oo ɗo njokkondiri e Diɗɗal Sukaaɓe Ngenndiwal, caggal ɗuum ɓe cosi Service Press, bayyinoowo jaaynde ''Daily Service'' . ''Daily Service'' fuɗɗii golle mum ko no hunduko NYM.  E nder duuɓi sappo ko adii jeytaare leydi Najeriya, Maja ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e golle njulaagu, tawi ina waɗi nafoore ceertunde. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1950, o wondi e Sule Gbadamosi sosde fedde seraaji to Ikorodu . O woniino kadi gardiiɗo Sosiyetee ngenndiijo toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njulaagu e jawdi, mo fedde Action huutortoo ngam heɓde kaalis kampaañ. 

Maja resndi ɗum ko mawɗo jaagorɗe biyeteeɗo Obasa Maja, ɓiy laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo [[Orisadipe Obasa]] . Mawɗo Obasa Maja ko Erelu Kuti mo Lagos, tiitoonde laamɗo waɗnde mo yumma laamɗo laamɗo e ndeen laamu. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)&quot;&gt;ciimtol ina haani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Maja ina joginoo ɓiɓɓe nayo. Majas'en ɗon jooɗi haa Garber Square, nder gootel nder cuuɗi arandeeji ɗin nder leydi Naajeeriya, nden boo jooɗorde maɓɓe ɗon nder njillu laabi Lagos ngam nafuuda maako nder taariiha. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Ɓiyiiko, Doktoor Oladipo Maja ko doktoor ganndiraaɗo, baawɗo moƴƴere, sosɗo opitaal gite Maja, mo junngo mum moƴƴo ƴetti sarwisaaji safrooɓe gite mawɓe ngam waɗde opereeji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi wonande wumɓe e waasɓe yiyde. 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="4765" sha1="ao0ak9tn70czirf4w0l8zxlaaz24rd7" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
Mawɗo '''Akinola Maja''' Listen R ko doktoor Naajeeriya, jom njulaagu, balloowo e politik, ko o hooreejo fedde sukaaɓe Naajeeriya gila 1944 haa 1951. Caggal ɗuum o wonti hooreejo fedde Egbe Omo Oduduwa e hitaande 1953. &lt;ref&gt;非洲研究中心&quot;. shcas.shnu.edu.cn. Retrieved 2020-05-30.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mawɗo Maja ina joginoo tiitooɗe laamɗo '''Baba Eko''' ( ''Baaba Lagos'' e nder [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] ) e '''Jagunmolu''' Orile-Ijaiye.

Doktoor cafroowo e heblo makko, o heɓi bak makko e hitaande 1918 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh to Edinburgh, Ecosse, o woni e leydi Angalteer duuɓi tati garooji ɗii hade makko hootde to leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1921. O golliima seeɗa e laamu koloñaal hade makko naatde e golle keertiiɗe ngam sosde kilinik makko. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)&quot;&gt;ciimtol ina haani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Ngendam ==
Akinola Maja jibinaa ko '''Sope Akinola Piirs''' . Baaba makko ina wiyee James Adaramaja Pearce ko kaɓirgal, yumma makko ko yeeyoowo mburu. Laawol Breadfruit ɓurngol lollude e nder wuro makko Lagos, inniraa ko noon sabu noddaango yumma makko. Pearce jeyaa ko e renndo Saro ƴellitiiɗo. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)&quot;&gt;ciimtol ina haani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Baaba Maja maayi ko suka, o suɓaa ko ɓiɗɗo gooto ngam janngude no feewi e toppitaade heddiiɓe e galle caggal ɗuum. Yumma makko ina moofti kaalis keewɗo ngam neldude mo jaŋde caggal leydi. O ari Ecoppi ko juuti caggal ɗuum.

Kewu maantinɗo e nguurndam Maja waɗi ko e hitaande 1918, ɗo o seerti e leñol makko. Maja ina yahra yeeso e jaŋde, ina fotnoo rokkeede njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e almuudo e nder kewu nguu . Almuɓɓe wondiiɓe makko e hoɓɓe njilluɓe ɓee ina kaawaa nde tawnoo almuudo ɓurɗo waawde jaŋde e nder hitaande ndee ko Najeriyaajo tigi, ina majjere e innde makko. Maja waɗaama ngam faddaade nde faculté oo tabitini wonde ko goonga o dañii njeenaari ndii e njeñtudi jaŋde makko. Nde o yiyi jaabawol bonngol ngol ɓaleejo heɓi njeenaari ndii e nder almudɓe makko, Maja felliti woppude innde makko janannde, o juuttini innde hakkundeere baaba makko Adaramaja, o waɗti ɗum Maja ngam lomtaade ɗum. O hunii kadi wonde hay gooto e iwdi makko jogoraani jogaade inɗe ɗe ngonaa Niiseer, aada mo worɓe galle Maja njokki haa hannde. [ ]

Nde o arti e ko wiyetee ndeen Kolonial Nijeer, Maja golliima e nder sarwiis laamu ko juuti. Nde tawnoo o weltaaki e golle ɗe ɗum rokki mo, o joofniri ko sosde nokku keeriiɗo to Lagos. 

E hitaande 1933, Maja jeyaa ko e sosɓe Banke Ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer, kanko e [[Teofilus Adebayo Doherti|T. A. Doherty]], Olatunde Jonson e Hamzat Subair.  Banke oo ko juɓɓule Afrik duumotooɗe, caggal ɗuum ƴelliti jokkondiral tiiɗngal e lannda politik Action Group . Won e sosɓe banke oo ɗo njokkondiri e Diɗɗal Sukaaɓe Ngenndiwal, caggal ɗuum ɓe cosi Service Press, bayyinoowo jaaynde ''Daily Service'' . ''Daily Service'' fuɗɗii golle mum ko no hunduko NYM.  E nder duuɓi sappo ko adii jeytaare leydi Najeriya, Maja ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e golle njulaagu, tawi ina waɗi nafoore ceertunde. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1950, o wondi e Sule Gbadamosi sosde fedde seraaji to Ikorodu . O woniino kadi gardiiɗo Sosiyetee ngenndiijo toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njulaagu e jawdi, mo fedde Action huutortoo ngam heɓde kaalis kampaañ. 

Maja resndi ɗum ko mawɗo jaagorɗe biyeteeɗo Obasa Maja, ɓiy laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo [[Orisadipe Obasa]] . Mawɗo Obasa Maja ko Erelu Kuti mo Lagos, tiitoonde laamɗo waɗnde mo yumma laamɗo laamɗo e ndeen laamu. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)&quot;&gt;ciimtol ina haani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Maja ina joginoo ɓiɓɓe nayo. Majas'en ɗon jooɗi haa Garber Square, nder gootel nder cuuɗi arandeeji ɗin nder leydi Naajeeriya, nden boo jooɗorde maɓɓe ɗon nder njillu laabi Lagos ngam nafuuda maako nder taariiha. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Ɓiyiiko, Doktoor Oladipo Maja ko doktoor ganndiraaɗo, baawɗo moƴƴere, sosɗo opitaal gite Maja, mo junngo mum moƴƴo ƴetti sarwisaaji safrooɓe gite mawɓe ngam waɗde opereeji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi wonande wumɓe e waasɓe yiyde. 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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Mawɗo '''Akinola Maja''' Listen R ko doktoor Naajeeriya, jom njulaagu, balloowo e politik, ko o hooreejo fedde sukaaɓe Naajeeriya gila 1944 haa 1951. Caggal ɗuum o wonti hooreejo fedde Egbe Omo Oduduwa e hitaande 1953. &lt;ref&gt;非洲研究中心&quot;. shcas.shnu.edu.cn. Retrieved 2020-05-30.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mawɗo Maja ina joginoo tiitooɗe laamɗo '''Baba Eko''' ( ''Baaba Lagos'' e nder [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] ) e '''Jagunmolu''' Orile-Ijaiye.

Doktoor cafroowo e heblo makko, o heɓi bak makko e hitaande 1918 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh to Edinburgh, Ecosse, o woni e leydi Angalteer duuɓi tati garooji ɗii hade makko hootde to leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1921. O golliima seeɗa e laamu koloñaal hade makko naatde e golle keertiiɗe ngam sosde kilinik makko. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Ngendam ==
Akinola Maja jibinaa ko '''Sope Akinola Piirs''' . Baaba makko ina wiyee James Adaramaja Pearce ko kaɓirgal, yumma makko ko yeeyoowo mburu. Laawol Breadfruit ɓurngol lollude e nder wuro makko Lagos, inniraa ko noon sabu noddaango yumma makko. Pearce jeyaa ko e renndo Saro ƴellitiiɗo. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Baaba Maja maayi ko suka, o suɓaa ko ɓiɗɗo gooto ngam janngude no feewi e toppitaade heddiiɓe e galle caggal ɗuum. Yumma makko ina moofti kaalis keewɗo ngam neldude mo jaŋde caggal leydi. O ari Ecoppi ko juuti caggal ɗuum.

Kewu maantinɗo e nguurndam Maja waɗi ko e hitaande 1918, ɗo o seerti e leñol makko. Maja ina yahra yeeso e jaŋde, ina fotnoo rokkeede njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e almuudo e nder kewu nguu . Almuɓɓe wondiiɓe makko e hoɓɓe njilluɓe ɓee ina kaawaa nde tawnoo almuudo ɓurɗo waawde jaŋde e nder hitaande ndee ko Najeriyaajo tigi, ina majjere e innde makko. Maja waɗaama ngam faddaade nde faculté oo tabitini wonde ko goonga o dañii njeenaari ndii e njeñtudi jaŋde makko. Nde o yiyi jaabawol bonngol ngol ɓaleejo heɓi njeenaari ndii e nder almudɓe makko, Maja felliti woppude innde makko janannde, o juuttini innde hakkundeere baaba makko Adaramaja, o waɗti ɗum Maja ngam lomtaade ɗum. O hunii kadi wonde hay gooto e iwdi makko jogoraani jogaade inɗe ɗe ngonaa Niiseer, aada mo worɓe galle Maja njokki haa hannde. [ ]

Nde o arti e ko wiyetee ndeen Kolonial Nijeer, Maja golliima e nder sarwiis laamu ko juuti. Nde tawnoo o weltaaki e golle ɗe ɗum rokki mo, o joofniri ko sosde nokku keeriiɗo to Lagos. 

E hitaande 1933, Maja jeyaa ko e sosɓe Banke Ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer, kanko e [[Teofilus Adebayo Doherti|T. A. Doherty]], Olatunde Jonson e Hamzat Subair.  Banke oo ko juɓɓule Afrik duumotooɗe, caggal ɗuum ƴelliti jokkondiral tiiɗngal e lannda politik Action Group . Won e sosɓe banke oo ɗo njokkondiri e Diɗɗal Sukaaɓe Ngenndiwal, caggal ɗuum ɓe cosi Service Press, bayyinoowo jaaynde ''Daily Service'' . ''Daily Service'' fuɗɗii golle mum ko no hunduko NYM.  E nder duuɓi sappo ko adii jeytaare leydi Najeriya, Maja ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e golle njulaagu, tawi ina waɗi nafoore ceertunde. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1950, o wondi e Sule Gbadamosi sosde fedde seraaji to Ikorodu . O woniino kadi gardiiɗo Sosiyetee ngenndiijo toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njulaagu e jawdi, mo fedde Action huutortoo ngam heɓde kaalis kampaañ. 

Maja resndi ɗum ko mawɗo jaagorɗe biyeteeɗo Obasa Maja, ɓiy laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo [[Orisadipe Obasa]] . Mawɗo Obasa Maja ko Erelu Kuti mo Lagos, tiitoonde laamɗo waɗnde mo yumma laamɗo laamɗo e ndeen laamu. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)&quot;&gt;ciimtol ina haani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Maja ina joginoo ɓiɓɓe nayo. Majas'en ɗon jooɗi haa Garber Square, nder gootel nder cuuɗi arandeeji ɗin nder leydi Naajeeriya, nden boo jooɗorde maɓɓe ɗon nder njillu laabi Lagos ngam nafuuda maako nder taariiha. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Ɓiyiiko, Doktoor Oladipo Maja ko doktoor ganndiraaɗo, baawɗo moƴƴere, sosɗo opitaal gite Maja, mo junngo mum moƴƴo ƴetti sarwisaaji safrooɓe gite mawɓe ngam waɗde opereeji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi wonande wumɓe e waasɓe yiyde. 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Leokadiya</title>
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      <text bytes="626" sha1="lxksa8jjjw3tmefrss3fklote9unig1" xml:space="preserve">'''Leokadiya Mikhailovna Drobijeva''' (e ɗemngal Riisi: Леока́дия Михайловна Дро́бижева) (13 lewru Yarkomaa 1933 – 11 lewru Abriil 2021) ko ganndo renndoyankeewo Riisi. O waɗtaa ganndo tedduɗo e nder Fedde Riisi e hitaande 1999, o heɓi njeenaari hooreejo leydi Riisi ngam darnde makko e semmbinde ngootaagu ngenndi Riisi (2019), o woni Doktoor tedduɗo to Duɗal Sosiyoloji Akademi Riisi ko gannde.[1][2]

Tuugnorgal
 &quot;Дробижева&quot;. БИЗНЕС Enternet. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 12 Abriil 2021.
 &quot;Leokadiya M. Drobijeva&quot;. www.hse.ru. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 12 Abriil 2021.
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  <page>
    <title>Chukhur Mahalla Mosque</title>
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    <id>17674</id>
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      <text bytes="1394" sha1="6shc2jaobzc8v7kmepzrkuqeumcemdc" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Çuxur məhəllə məscidi 2.jpg|thumb|feccere e juulirde chukhur mahalla]]
'''Chukhur Mahalla Mosque'''{{Databox}} (Azerbaijani: ''Çuxur məhəllə məscidi''), also called '''Shefa Ojagi''' (&lt;abbr&gt;lit.&lt;/abbr&gt; 'Place of Cure' in Azerbaijani), was an Azerbaijani mosque located in Shusha. It was under the occupation of Armenian forces since the capture of Shusha on May 8, 1992, until the city's recapture during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.

The mosque was located in the eastern part of Shusha, on N.B. Vazirov Street in the Chukhur Mahalla neighborhood, one of 9 lower neighborhoods of Shusha. Chukhur Mahalla Mosque was one of seventeen mosques in Shusha at the end of the 19th century. The mosque had two minarets.

Shusha was founded in the 1750s, and Chukur neighborhood was populated even before the construction of the walls of Shusha castle was completed. The nearby Chukhur Gala supplied the neighbourhood with the famous mineral water of Shusha, and the mosque was among the most valuable monuments of the Shusha State Historical and Architectural Reserve.

== See also ==
[gyara masomin]

* Yukhari Govhar Agha Mosque
* Ashaghi Govhar Agha Mosque
* Saatli Mosque
* Seyidli Mosque
* Khoja Marjanli Mosque
* Guyulug Mosque
* Taza Mahalla Mosque
* Shahbulag Mosque

== References ==
[gyara masomin]

# ^ Jump up to:&lt;sup&gt;'''''a'''''&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sup&gt;'''''b'''''&lt;/sup&gt; 
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  <page>
    <title>Haji Heybat Mosque</title>
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      <text bytes="1115" sha1="ej7u4whracnu84mj44svdekbtwbbm15" xml:space="preserve">'''Juulirde Haji Heybat'''{{Databox}} (Azerbaijan: Hacı Heybət məscidi) ko juulirde daartol nde teeminannde 18ɓiire. Ko e nder wuro ɓooyngo, ngo woni ko e mbedda Kichik Gala, e nder wuro Baku, to leydi Azerbaijan.

Tariya

Juulirde ndee mahiraa ko e hitaande 1791 (1206 limlebbi hijriya). Ko mahoowo biyeteeɗo Hаji Heybat Amir Ali оghlu mahi nde.[1]

Feereeji mahdi

Juulirde ndee ko tokosere, nde woni ko e rowrowre jehreeji. E nder peeje, jumaa oo ko e mbaadi ŋorol nayi. Ina waɗi vestibule mbaydi kaaree, suudu gollordu e suudu dewal ina waɗi niɓɓere.[2]

Mahdi-mahdi juulirde nden woni ko e mbaadi nokkuure. Juulirde ndee ina waɗi kadi cuuɗi kaaƴe e arches toɓɓere. Naatgol tan hollirteengol e binndi kuɗol e binndi epigrafik e dow toɓɓe Qur’aana e humpitooji ko faati e mahoowo monimaaji ɗii ina kollita nafoore juulirde ndee. E nder suudu dewal, e nder gootal e ŋoral, ina waɗi yanaande mahoowo oo e debbo mum.[2][1]

Galle

Yiyngooji ceertuɗi e juulirde nde

Ƴeew kadi

Juulirde Khidir

Juulirde Sheek Ibraahiima

Tuugnorgal

&quot;Hacı Heybət məscidi&quot; (e ɗemngal Azerbaijaan). Gov</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>176721</id>
      <parentid>176715</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-27T03:58:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Trey314159</username>
        <id>5298</id>
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      <comment>fix homoglyphs: convert Cyrillic characters in [о]ghlu to Latin</comment>
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      <text bytes="1114" sha1="98r5r191ymkg6an3nhl67cp7wrpvm11" xml:space="preserve">'''Juulirde Haji Heybat'''{{Databox}} (Azerbaijan: Hacı Heybət məscidi) ko juulirde daartol nde teeminannde 18ɓiire. Ko e nder wuro ɓooyngo, ngo woni ko e mbedda Kichik Gala, e nder wuro Baku, to leydi Azerbaijan.

Tariya

Juulirde ndee mahiraa ko e hitaande 1791 (1206 limlebbi hijriya). Ko mahoowo biyeteeɗo Hаji Heybat Amir Ali oghlu mahi nde.[1]

Feereeji mahdi

Juulirde ndee ko tokosere, nde woni ko e rowrowre jehreeji. E nder peeje, jumaa oo ko e mbaadi ŋorol nayi. Ina waɗi vestibule mbaydi kaaree, suudu gollordu e suudu dewal ina waɗi niɓɓere.[2]

Mahdi-mahdi juulirde nden woni ko e mbaadi nokkuure. Juulirde ndee ina waɗi kadi cuuɗi kaaƴe e arches toɓɓere. Naatgol tan hollirteengol e binndi kuɗol e binndi epigrafik e dow toɓɓe Qur’aana e humpitooji ko faati e mahoowo monimaaji ɗii ina kollita nafoore juulirde ndee. E nder suudu dewal, e nder gootal e ŋoral, ina waɗi yanaande mahoowo oo e debbo mum.[2][1]

Galle

Yiyngooji ceertuɗi e juulirde nde

Ƴeew kadi

Juulirde Khidir

Juulirde Sheek Ibraahiima

Tuugnorgal

&quot;Hacı Heybət məscidi&quot; (e ɗemngal Azerbaijaan). Gov</text>
      <sha1>98r5r191ymkg6an3nhl67cp7wrpvm11</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>176727</id>
      <parentid>176721</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-27T03:59:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Trey314159</username>
        <id>5298</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>fix homoglyphs: convert Cyrillic characters in H[а]ji to Latin</comment>
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      <text bytes="1113" sha1="lfsrxpr0c767npw6l9atulmdwmu7565" xml:space="preserve">'''Juulirde Haji Heybat'''{{Databox}} (Azerbaijan: Hacı Heybət məscidi) ko juulirde daartol nde teeminannde 18ɓiire. Ko e nder wuro ɓooyngo, ngo woni ko e mbedda Kichik Gala, e nder wuro Baku, to leydi Azerbaijan.

Tariya

Juulirde ndee mahiraa ko e hitaande 1791 (1206 limlebbi hijriya). Ko mahoowo biyeteeɗo Haji Heybat Amir Ali oghlu mahi nde.[1]

Feereeji mahdi

Juulirde ndee ko tokosere, nde woni ko e rowrowre jehreeji. E nder peeje, jumaa oo ko e mbaadi ŋorol nayi. Ina waɗi vestibule mbaydi kaaree, suudu gollordu e suudu dewal ina waɗi niɓɓere.[2]

Mahdi-mahdi juulirde nden woni ko e mbaadi nokkuure. Juulirde ndee ina waɗi kadi cuuɗi kaaƴe e arches toɓɓere. Naatgol tan hollirteengol e binndi kuɗol e binndi epigrafik e dow toɓɓe Qur’aana e humpitooji ko faati e mahoowo monimaaji ɗii ina kollita nafoore juulirde ndee. E nder suudu dewal, e nder gootal e ŋoral, ina waɗi yanaande mahoowo oo e debbo mum.[2][1]

Galle

Yiyngooji ceertuɗi e juulirde nde

Ƴeew kadi

Juulirde Khidir

Juulirde Sheek Ibraahiima

Tuugnorgal

&quot;Hacı Heybət məscidi&quot; (e ɗemngal Azerbaijaan). Gov</text>
      <sha1>lfsrxpr0c767npw6l9atulmdwmu7565</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Taza Mahalla Mosque</title>
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{{Databox}}
[[File:Taza Mahalla Mosque.jpg|thumb|feccere e juulirde Taza Mahalla]]
'''Taza Mahalla Mosque''' (Azerbaijani: ''Təzə məhəllə məscidi''; which can also be transliterated as '''Teze Mehelle''' in English) is an Azerbaijani mosque located in Shusha about 350 km from capital Baku. The mosque was one of the 17 mosques functioning in Shusha by the end of the 19th century. It was located on Firudin bey Kocharli street of Taza Mahalla neighborhood of Shusha.

Analysis of satellite imagery by the ''Caucasus Heritage Watch'' of Cornell University shows that between 1980 and 2004 the mosque remained well-preserved. Between 2004 and 2013, the mosque was renovated by the de facto Armenian authorities and used as a geology museum.

== Etymology ==
[gyara masomin]
The name of the mosque in translation means &quot;New Neighbourhood&quot; referring to the location of the mosque in the relatively new neighborhood of 17 neighbourhoods Shusha. These neighbourhoods were Boyuk qurdlar, Kichik Qurdlar, Sеyidli, Julfalar, Taza mahalla, Hamam gabaghi, Demirchiler, Guyulug, Khoja Marjanli, Mamayı, Saatlı, Kocharli, Merdinli, Chol gala, Haji Yusifli, Chukhur mahalla, Agha dedeliler.

== See also ==
[gyara masomin]

* List of mosques in Nagorno-Karabakh
* Yukhari Govhar Agha Mosque
* Ashaghi Govhar Agha Mosque
* Saatli Mosque
* Seyidli Mosque
* Khoja Marjanli Mosque
* Guyulug Mosque

== References ==
[gyara masomin]

# '''^''' 
# '''^'''</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>176710</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Trey314159</username>
        <id>5298</id>
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      <comment>fix homoglyphs: convert Cyrillic characters in S[е]yidli to Latin</comment>
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{{Databox}}
[[File:Taza Mahalla Mosque.jpg|thumb|feccere e juulirde Taza Mahalla]]
'''Taza Mahalla Mosque''' (Azerbaijani: ''Təzə məhəllə məscidi''; which can also be transliterated as '''Teze Mehelle''' in English) is an Azerbaijani mosque located in Shusha about 350 km from capital Baku. The mosque was one of the 17 mosques functioning in Shusha by the end of the 19th century. It was located on Firudin bey Kocharli street of Taza Mahalla neighborhood of Shusha.

Analysis of satellite imagery by the ''Caucasus Heritage Watch'' of Cornell University shows that between 1980 and 2004 the mosque remained well-preserved. Between 2004 and 2013, the mosque was renovated by the de facto Armenian authorities and used as a geology museum.

== Etymology ==
[gyara masomin]
The name of the mosque in translation means &quot;New Neighbourhood&quot; referring to the location of the mosque in the relatively new neighborhood of 17 neighbourhoods Shusha. These neighbourhoods were Boyuk qurdlar, Kichik Qurdlar, Seyidli, Julfalar, Taza mahalla, Hamam gabaghi, Demirchiler, Guyulug, Khoja Marjanli, Mamayı, Saatlı, Kocharli, Merdinli, Chol gala, Haji Yusifli, Chukhur mahalla, Agha dedeliler.

== See also ==
[gyara masomin]

* List of mosques in Nagorno-Karabakh
* Yukhari Govhar Agha Mosque
* Ashaghi Govhar Agha Mosque
* Saatli Mosque
* Seyidli Mosque
* Khoja Marjanli Mosque
* Guyulug Mosque

== References ==
[gyara masomin]

# '''^''' 
# '''^'''</text>
      <sha1>oyu1id3x1dgqck73hw51il0h4gzslre</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Tahtali-Jami Mosque</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>18051</id>
    <revision>
      <id>176724</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Trey314159</username>
        <id>5298</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>fix homoglyphs: convert Cyrillic characters in Jam[і] to Latin</comment>
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      <text bytes="845" sha1="9yqlseaejidiqp9im4kr5p9izsyr876" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{Databox}}'''Juulirde Tahtali-Jami''' (e ɗemngal Riisi: Тахталы-Джами, e ɗemngal Ukrain: Tahtali Jami, e ɗemngal Tataar: Tahtalı Cami, e ɗemngal Turki: Tahtalı Cami) woni ko e wuro Bakchisarai, e ɗemngal Kirime.  E ɗemngal Tatar Kirime: Tahtalı Cami firti ko &quot;juulirde leɗɗe&quot;. 

== Tariya ==
[waylu iwdi]

Juulirde nde mahiraa ko hitaande 1707 e juuɗe Khan Sultan Beck mo resi ɓiɗɗo Selim I Giray.  Ko ɗum juulirde ɓurnde ɓooyde e nder wuro ngo, ina yiyee gila e kala nokku Bakhchysarai.  Nde fuɗɗii mahde ko e leɗɗe ɗe caggal ɗuum udditaa e kaaƴe e mahe mason.  Damal juulirde ndee ina waɗi kaaƴe loope.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
[[File:Tahtali Mountain 01.jpg|thumb|Tahtali mountain ]]
[waylu iwdi]

Diine e nder leydi Kirime

Doggol juulirɗe leydi Riisi

Doggol juulirɗe Orop
[[Category:Stub]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wuraola Esan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>29125</id>
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        <id>10103</id>
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      <text bytes="3081" sha1="lj3k2e4ghnao9of5gcmnuxpd3o16j4w" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Wuraola Adepeju Esan''' (1909-1985) ko jannginoowo, daraniiɗo rewɓe e politik. O hawritii njiimaandi makko politik e njiimaandi aristokrat aadaaji nde o woni Iyalode Ibadan.

== Nguurndam ==

== Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol ==
Wuraola Adepeju Esan jibinaa e hitaande 1909 to Calabar e galle Ojo-badan to Ibadan.

Jibnaaɓe makko ngonaano jannginooɓe hirnaange hay so tawii ɓe ƴellitii jaŋde hirnaange wonande sukaaɓe maɓɓe. Baaba Wuraola Adepeju, Thomas Ojo-Ade, ko soldaat mawɗo e wolde adunaare adannde, joyaɓo e doggol lomtotooɗo jappeere laamu Ibadan. Yumma makko, hono Ajike Ojo Aina, ganndiraaɗo Iya Gbogbo (yumma yimɓe fof), ko debbo njulaagu baɗɗo hoore mum. No fuɗɗam teeminannde noogas, laamu koloñaal Biritaniya’en ɗon semmbiɗina jangirde sukaaɓe rewɓe nder [[Naajeeriya]] ammaa saro’en Esan’en anndi nafuuda heɓugo jangirde hirnaange ngam ɓikkoy maɓɓe rewɓe. Wuraola Adepeju Esan janngi haa duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe rewɓe Baptist, Idi Aba, Abeokuta hade mum yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde misiyoŋaaji dentuɗi, Molete, Ibadan ngam heɓde dipolomaaji jannginooɓe.

Tuggi 1930 haa 1934, ko o jannginoowo ganndal galleeji to duɗal heblo misiyoŋaaji to Akure. Caggal ɗuum o resi Victor

Esan e hitaande 1934 e ɓe nguuri ko juuti to [[Lagos]]. E hitaande 1935, o fuɗɗii jannginde to diiwaan Lagos to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe rewɓe Methodist (MGHS), duɗal ganndiraaɗo jaŋde hakkundeere sukaaɓe rewɓe to leydi Najeriya..&lt;ref name=&quot;afhist&quot;&gt;Roberta Ann Dunbar. Reviewed Work(s): &quot;People and Empires in African History: Essays in Memory of [[Michael Crowder]]&quot; by J. F. Ade Ajayi; J. D. Y. Peel; Michael Crowder, ''The Journal of African History'', Vol. 34, No. 3, 1993.&lt;/ref&gt;

Esan ɗon mari bawɗe masin ngam Lagos Women’s League hokki ballal mawngal ngam jangirde sukaaɓe rewɓe. Kuugal siyaasaaku maako heɓi semmbe nde kanko e woɓɓe rewɓe ɓe ɓe ngaɗi kuuɗe mawɗe nder Movement des jeunes lesdi Naajeeriya e kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya e Kamerun—ɓe ɗon mari kuuɗe mawɗe nder siyaasaaku Lagos wakkati man. Duuɓi seeɗa caggal ɗuum o arti e wuro makko Ibadan.

== Golle politik ==
Hay so tawii noon geɗe jaŋde ɗe rewɓe keɓata e jamaanu koloñaal ina pamɗi. E hitaande 1944, o sosi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe rewɓe Ibadan to Molete, ngam jannginde rewɓe e fannuuji ceertuɗi ina heen gannde galleeji. Kono tan, miijooji makko e miijooji politik garooji ɗii, ndarnaaki yiɗde ɓurnde yaajde e darnde rewɓe e nder renndo ɓurngo yaajde.

E kitaale 1950, o naati e politik partiiji, o jeyaa ko e fedde rewɓe e fedde Action. Hay so tawii rewɓe ɓee ko kuutorɗe teeŋtuɗe ngam dañde woote, seeɗa ina ndokka doole laamu e golle fedde nde fof. Kono Esan waawii ummitaade e nder raneeɓe ngam wontude debbo gadano e nder Asaambele ngenndiijo Nijeer, ko senateer cuɓaaɗo ummoriiɗo Ibadan Hirnaange. O woniino kadi tergal sosngal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. E hitaande 1975, o ƴetti tiitoonde Iyalode, o heɓi noon darnde mawɗo toowɗo to Ibadan.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3361" sha1="sxi36n633tush3qmgyyje7eep9ngsxt" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Wuraola Adepeju Esan''' (1909-1985) ko jannginoowo, daraniiɗo rewɓe e politik. O hawritii njiimaandi makko politik e njiimaandi aristokrat aadaaji nde o woni Iyalode Ibadan.

== Nguurndam ==

== Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol ==
Wuraola Adepeju Esan jibinaa e hitaande 1909 to Calabar e galle Ojo-badan to Ibadan.,&lt;ref&gt;Cheryl Johnson-Odim. ''For Women and the Nation: [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] of Nigeria'', University of Illinois Press, 1997, p 48. {{ISBN|0-252-06613-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Karen Tranberg Hansen. ''African Encounters with Domesticity'', Rutgers University Press, 1992, p 133.&lt;/ref&gt;

Jibnaaɓe makko ngonaano jannginooɓe hirnaange hay so tawii ɓe ƴellitii jaŋde hirnaange wonande sukaaɓe maɓɓe. Baaba Wuraola Adepeju, Thomas Ojo-Ade, ko soldaat mawɗo e wolde adunaare adannde, joyaɓo e doggol lomtotooɗo jappeere laamu Ibadan. Yumma makko, hono Ajike Ojo Aina, ganndiraaɗo Iya Gbogbo (yumma yimɓe fof), ko debbo njulaagu baɗɗo hoore mum. No fuɗɗam teeminannde noogas, laamu koloñaal Biritaniya’en ɗon semmbiɗina jangirde sukaaɓe rewɓe nder [[Naajeeriya]] ammaa saro’en Esan’en anndi nafuuda heɓugo jangirde hirnaange ngam ɓikkoy maɓɓe rewɓe. Wuraola Adepeju Esan janngi haa duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe rewɓe Baptist, Idi Aba, Abeokuta hade mum yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde misiyoŋaaji dentuɗi, Molete, Ibadan ngam heɓde dipolomaaji jannginooɓe.

Tuggi 1930 haa 1934, ko o jannginoowo ganndal galleeji to duɗal heblo misiyoŋaaji to Akure. Caggal ɗuum o resi Victor

Esan e hitaande 1934 e ɓe nguuri ko juuti to [[Lagos]]. E hitaande 1935, o fuɗɗii jannginde to diiwaan Lagos to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe rewɓe Methodist (MGHS), duɗal ganndiraaɗo jaŋde hakkundeere sukaaɓe rewɓe to leydi Najeriya..&lt;ref name=&quot;afhist&quot;&gt;Roberta Ann Dunbar. Reviewed Work(s): &quot;People and Empires in African History: Essays in Memory of [[Michael Crowder]]&quot; by J. F. Ade Ajayi; J. D. Y. Peel; Michael Crowder, ''The Journal of African History'', Vol. 34, No. 3, 1993.&lt;/ref&gt;

Esan ɗon mari bawɗe masin ngam Lagos Women’s League hokki ballal mawngal ngam jangirde sukaaɓe rewɓe. Kuugal siyaasaaku maako heɓi semmbe nde kanko e woɓɓe rewɓe ɓe ɓe ngaɗi kuuɗe mawɗe nder Movement des jeunes lesdi Naajeeriya e kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya e Kamerun—ɓe ɗon mari kuuɗe mawɗe nder siyaasaaku Lagos wakkati man. Duuɓi seeɗa caggal ɗuum o arti e wuro makko Ibadan.

== Golle politik ==
Hay so tawii noon geɗe jaŋde ɗe rewɓe keɓata e jamaanu koloñaal ina pamɗi. E hitaande 1944, o sosi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe rewɓe Ibadan to Molete, ngam jannginde rewɓe e fannuuji ceertuɗi ina heen gannde galleeji. Kono tan, miijooji makko e miijooji politik garooji ɗii, ndarnaaki yiɗde ɓurnde yaajde e darnde rewɓe e nder renndo ɓurngo yaajde.

E kitaale 1950, o naati e politik partiiji, o jeyaa ko e fedde rewɓe e fedde Action. Hay so tawii rewɓe ɓee ko kuutorɗe teeŋtuɗe ngam dañde woote, seeɗa ina ndokka doole laamu e golle fedde nde fof. Kono Esan waawii ummitaade e nder raneeɓe ngam wontude debbo gadano e nder Asaambele ngenndiijo Nijeer, ko senateer cuɓaaɗo ummoriiɗo Ibadan Hirnaange. O woniino kadi tergal sosngal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. E hitaande 1975, o ƴetti tiitoonde Iyalode, o heɓi noon darnde mawɗo toowɗo to Ibadan.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <title>Hagarenes</title>
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      <text bytes="1577" sha1="e44q4w9i6rdzt89qkm7qc7d5cjk8fxn" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Hagarenes''' (Gerek ɓooyɗo: Ἀγαρηνοί Agarenoi, Siriyanke ɓooyɗo: Hagráyé walla ܗܓܪܝܐ Hagráyé walla ܡܗܓܪܝܐ Mhaggráyé, Armenin: Հագար kuutorteeɗo e ɗemngal Siriya) Fuɗɗoode Gerek en,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoyland123&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Hoyland|1997|p=123}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koptik en e Armeni en ngam siftinde aarabeeɓe adanɓe jaaltiiɓe ''Mesopotami'', Siri e [[Misra]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Hagarism19&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Crone|Cook|1977|p=1977}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Innde nde huutortenoo ko e binndi Kerecee'en e daartol Bizantiin ngam &quot;Hanif&quot; Aarabeeɓe,[citation needed] e caggal mum ngam doole [[Lislaamu|Lislaam]] ko nanndi e helmere Saracens. Helmere Siriyankoore Hagraye ina waawi firteede no feewi « rewooɓe walla iwdi Hajara », innde woɗnde heewnde huutoreede ndee, hono Mhaggraye, ina sikkaa ina jokkondiri e Muhajir aarabeeɓe ; annduɓe woɗɓe ina cikka wonde kelme ɗee ina mbaawi wonde ɗe ngonaa iwdi Kerecee’en. Patricia Crone e Michael Cook ina mbiya e nder deftere mum en Hagarism: Waɗde aduna [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] ko juulɓe e koye mum en ngaddi ɗum en siftorde yahrude yeeso konu mum en e nder Levant e Yerusalaam haa teeŋti noon e Hijra.

Innde nde, huutorteende e Ismaa’iil’en, ari kadi firtude kala juulɗo. Yeru kuutoragol maggol hannde ko Ahryani (Ахряни), innde huutorteende ngam juulɓe Bulgari e ɗemngal Bulgari, kono kadi helmere ndee ina faamninaa wonde ina nanndi e saaktude Islaam Balkan en e Arianism luutndiiɗo tati.[citation needed]

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Saraas

Ismaa'iila'en

Magarinaaɓe

Muhajirun

== Teskorɗe ==

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  <page>
    <title>Kyiv International School</title>
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      <text bytes="3171" sha1="lz6rjsexr63w5lqx260xnlr11b5vj4p" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Duɗal hakkunde leyɗeele Kiev''' (e ɗemngal Ukrain: Кіївська міжнародна школа; KIS) ko duɗal hakkunde leyɗeele keeringal tawaangal to Kiev, Ukrain. Nde udditaa ko e hitaande 1992. Duɗal ngal ko tergal Quality Schools International (QSI), fedde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje, ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje, ɗe ngoni ko e janngirde winndereyankoore, hono no Amerik nii. Ko ɗum tergal hannde e CEESA (Fedde Duɗe Orop hakkundeejo e Fuɗnaange).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ceesa.org/about-ceesa/members/qsi-schools.html|title=QSI Schools|publisher=CEESA|access-date=2014-07-08|archive-date=2017-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116140526/http://www.ceesa.org/about-ceesa/members/qsi-schools.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duɗal ngal ina gollira e yamiroore laamu Ukraine, ina rokka jaŋde PreK - Toɓɓere 12 e ɗemngal Engele, ina heen porogaraam DP International Baccalaureate&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kyiv International School|url=https://www.ibo.org/en/school/002111|access-date=2024-03-14|website=International Baccalaureate|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kam e jaŋde Advanced Placement. Hitaande jaŋde ndee ko tuggi lewru ut haa lewru suwee.

== Jaŋde==
Porogaraam janngirde huutortoo ko laawol janngugol Mastery Learning tuugorgal e golle. Ko Fedde Dowlaaji Dentuɗi e Duɗe hakkundeeje jaɓi ɗum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.msa-cess.org/default.aspx?RelId=606553|title=KIS at M.S.A/CESS Site (search for Ky...)|access-date=2016-11-19|archive-date=2020-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814131412/https://www.msa-cess.org/default.aspx?RelID=606553|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ina waɗi kadi kontraaji bursiiji, ina rewi e tolno A, B, P, D, H.

Duɗal ngal ina janngina ɗemɗe joy (Farayse, Almaañ, Españool, Riisi, e Ukrani). Ɗee ɗoo janngirɗe ina ndokkee e tolnooji keewɗi gila e duuɓi 6 - 17 e nder njuɓɓudi jaŋde ɗemngal duɗal ngal, e porogaraamuuji IB e AP wonande ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal neeniwal e haalooɓe ɗemngal neeniwal.

== Mahdi ==
Duɗal ngal ina jogii nokku nannduɗo e park, ina waɗi kisal waktuuji 24. Kampus oo ko faandaare mahaaɗo, ina waɗi nokku janngirde, cuuɗi sensooruuji, naalankaagal, laboratuwaaruuji jimɗi e karallaagal, suudu janngirdu, piscine nder suudu, jimɗi nder suudu e wall climbing, nokku fitina, kafeteriya, nokku ñaamde, nokkuuji pijirlooji jamaanu, nokku fuku koyɗe, nokku fuku koyɗe mini an out nokku.[citation ina haani]

==Riisi yani e leydi Ukraine ==
Sabu wolde to Ukraine, Duɗal hakkunde leyɗeele Kiev wayliima e jaŋde e nder internet tuggi feebariyee 2022 haa feebariyee 2023. Ñalnde 8 feebariyee 2023, duɗal ngal udditi duɗal ngal, tawi ina golloroo e mbaadiiji ɓuuɓɗi. Puɗɗagol lewru ut 2023 duɗal ngal artii e jaŋde to nokku.[citation needed]

==Almuɓɓe ɓennuɓe ==
Almuɓɓe janngooɓe dipolomaaji keɓii jaɓgol e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde mawɗe e nder winndere nde, ina jeyaa heen Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Harvard, Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Yale, Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde NYU, e Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Stanford.[citation needed]

== Tuugnorgal ==
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  <page>
    <title>Bulgarian Men's High School of Adrianople</title>
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      <text bytes="1023" sha1="jl81c03gljhkrkfii0x22gf5l1uchgg" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Duɗal worɓe Bulgari ngal Adrianople''' (e ɗemngal Bulgari: Odrinska българска мъжка гимназия „Д-р Петър Берон“, Odrinska Balgarska Maska Gimnaziya „Doktoor Petar Beron“) woni duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bulgari gadanal to Fuɗnaange Trace. Ina jeyaa e duɗe janngirɗe Bulgari ɓurɗe waawde huutoreede e nder leydi Trace, nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1891 to Adrianople Ottomaan, nde woodi haa hitaande 1913. E nder fuɗɗotooɓe, mawɓe e jannginooɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal, ina teskaa heen annduɓe Bulgari, annduɓe, e yimɓe renndo e nder rewolison Bulgari e2 duɓɓi temere.

Alumni lolluɓe

Atanas Razboynikov

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Duɗal worɓe Bulgari to Tesalonik

Jaŋde e nder laamu Usmaan

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.promacedonia.org/kn/knodrin.html Странстванията на един учител. Спомени на Коста Николов, Издател: ИК &quot;Коралов&quot;, 2001, Българска] {{ISBN|954-9742-08-3}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vladimir Trefilov</title>
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      <text bytes="2921" sha1="iqtxi2958kvpaspz38d899wbv9otwwp" xml:space="preserve">timminii natal gadanal ngal e hitaande 1996, inniri ɗum Maleyka ɓuuɓɗo mo alaa les. E hitaande 1997 wonnoo ko ɗiɗaɓo, e innde “The Star Wormwood”.[2] suwee 2001, jaaynde День winndi wonde &quot;ñalnde 12 suwee 2001 Vladimir Trefilov yuɓɓinii e yaawre hollirde natal ngal, sibu ina teskaa wonde ngal ɓuri laaɓtude ko nanndi e goonga hannde oo.&quot;[8] Caggal njanguuji ownooɓe ñalnde 11 suwee 2001 e goonga Trefidieded ina haalee e jaayndeeji e teleeji.[9]

Binndanɗe e yeewtereeji
Трефилов, Владимир (2005). &quot;Глава xvii: Надконфессиональная синкретическая реозная философия&quot; [Faandaare xvii: Filosofi diine sinkretik mo wonaa diine]. E nder Яблоков, Игорь (ƴeewndo). Основы rеоведения. Учебник [Fooyre jaŋde diine. Deftere janngirnde] (e ɗemngal Riisi). Москва: Высшая duɗal. 364 haa 381. ISBN 5-06-004254-5.
Trefilov, wuro Valadimir (20 marse 2012). Visotskaya, Margarita (moƴƴi). &quot;Kaaldigal e bannge tufnde&quot; (PDF). Astrologue Carrière. 1 (1). Tallahassee: Fedde ngam anndal koode: 36–41. Arsiif mum ko e asli (PDF) ñalnde 27 feebariyee 2015. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 3 marse 2015.
Meditaaji e golle. (2001)
Философия йоги и философская поэзия Шри Ауробиндо Гхоша. (2003)
Жизненный путь и философская поэзия Шри Ауробиндо Гхоша. (2005)
Inndiyankooɓe sinteticsaaji keɓtinirɗi e caɗeele eɓɓooje sanne. (2009)
Проблема воздействия психических вирусов социальных процессы. (2013)
Врач e его дело: избранные философские проблемы с врача врача. (2014, e nder binndol)
Лекция по интегральной йоге: сознания[jokkondiral maayngal duumingal].
Lectures ko faati e yoga Integral.
Зерно огня: книга сонетов. (Koolol, hitaande 1989)
Aawdi yiite. Deftere Sonet. (M.: Anndi, hitaande 2005)
Njillu to Porfiri Ivanov. (Nyalawma e jamma, lewru mee–juko, 2011)
Sri Aurobindo ko golle tagoore. Yimre Ruuhu. (2012)
Teskorɗe 
Nebam e dow mbaydi, 87 × 132 sm. 
&quot;Laamcfo ma66e ina joginoo maleyka 6aleejo...&quot; (Wahayu Wahyu 9:11). 
Nebam e dow mbaydi, 92 × 132 sm. 
&quot;Innde hoodere nde ko Wormwood.&quot; (Wahayu Wahayu 8:11). 
Trefilof winndi e nder deftere mum Fundamentals of Religious Studies, &quot;Neɗɗo toowɗo ƴellitiiɗo e sahaa koyɗol, miijo, e mbaydi mbaylaandi ina waawi yaltude ɓanndu mum e golloraade e nder adunaaji ɗi ngonaa ɓalli. Ɗoo alaa caɗeele nokku e sahaa.&quot;[6] 
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan winndi, &quot;Njoɓdi miijo ummoraade e neɗɗo gooto feewde e goɗɗo tawa aldaa e naatgol e laabi jokkondirɗe no woorunoo ina waawi waɗeede. E nder tiiɗnaare e waylooji tati ɗi geɗe kala mbaɗata e kala sahaa, en keɓat doole anndude...</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Elena Mrozovskaya</title>
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      <text bytes="3707" sha1="3jvxtlur0844sqwt3jn6c3ewva6jx4b" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Elena Lukinichna Mrozovskaya''' walla Helène de Mrosovsky (jibinaa ko Knyajevich; ɗemngal Riisi: Yelena Lukinichna Мрозовская jibinaa ko Княжевич; fl. 1892 – c. 1941) ko fotoowo ganndo Riisi e Sowiyet, iwdi Montenegro.

== Nguurndam e golle ==
Gonnooɗo jom suudu Mrozovskaya, hono Bronislav (caggal nde o ja6i ortodoksi e hitaande 1904 - Vladimir) Pavlovich Mrozovsky, ko injenieer mekanik e pentoowo, kadi kaaw makko (ina waawi wonde), Iosif Ivanovich Mrozovski [ru], wonti guwerneer militeer to9 1917.Mrozovskaya e hoore mum ko jannginoowo e yeeyoowo e fuɗɗoode. O janngi fotooje to Duɗal Karallaagal Riisi, o joofni e hitaande 1892, caggal ɗuum o jokki jaŋde makko to Nadar to Pari. Nde o arti to Saint-Pétersbourg, o udditi toon suudu safrirdu (studio) e hitaande 1894. E kitaale 1920, o hoɗi ko to Serovo, diiwaan Saint-Pétersbourg. O sankii ko e hitaande 1941 to Repino, diiwaan goɗɗo to Saint-Pétersbourg.

== Fotooje ==
Ina jeyaa e ko Mrozovskaya haali koo, Nikolay Rimski-Korsakov, Matilde Ksesinska, Vera Komisarjevskaya, e naalankooɓe woɗɓe, winndooɓe, e fiyooɓe filmuuji e oon sahaa. Fotooji makko nder suudu janngirdu Saint Petersburg, ƴettaaɗi gila 1896, ina njeyaa e nate gadane ɗe suudu janngirdu nduu ƴetti, e hitaande 1897 o inniraa fotoowo mum laawɗuɗo. O heɓi njeenaari njamndi mboɗeeri e nder yeewtere mawnde (1897) e njeenaari kaalis e yeewtere winndereere (1900) to Pari, o tawtoraama kadi e yeewtere hakkunde leyɗeele Liège (1905).

== Kollirɗe e kollirɗe ==
Laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Olga Orlova e bal 1903

Gooto e fotooje makko, natal laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Olga Orlova ɓoorniiɗo kokoshnik e hitaande 1903 e nder galle laamorɗo winndere, ina tawee e mooftirgel suudu defte Hermitage, neldaa to suudu Hermitage to Somerset House to Londres e hitaande 2003, e nder koolol yah-ngartaa St. Goɗɗum e fotooji makko tinndinaaɗi, &quot;Natal suka debbo e mbaydi mbaylaandi Riisi tokosiri&quot;, ina woni e nder mooɓondiral galle fotooje Moscow, e kolliraama to Amsterdam e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2013 e nder koolol ngol ministeer pinal Riisi yuɓɓini.Fotooji keewɗi ɗi Mrozovskaya se ina tawee e defterdu binndi e naalankaagal dowla Riisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;ru&quot;&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.runivers.ru/doc/d2.php?CENTER_ELEMENT_ID=150875&amp;PORTAL_ID=7957&amp;SECTION_ID=6786|title=Мрозовская Елена Лукинична|trans-title=Elena Lukinichna Mrozovskaya|publisher=[[Runivers]]|language=Russian|accessdate=18 October 2013|first=Е.В.|last=Бархатова}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;rp&quot;&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.rosphoto.com/history/elena_mrozovskaya-1054|title=Елена Мрозовская: первая русская женщина-фотограф|trans-title=Elena Mrozovskaya: the first Russian woman photographer|publisher=rosphoto.com|language=Russian|date=12 November 2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Information about Vladimir Mrozovsky was may be a brother of Elena is famyly legend; this is investigated in: {{harvnb|Avetyan|2007|p=30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;This kinship is possible but undocumented.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Chuilon&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=Mattia Battistini: King of Baritones and Baritone of Kings|first=Jacques|last=Chuilon|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|isbn=9780810867277|page=316|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F5sUdc_816sC&amp;pg=PA316}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/04/2008/hm4_2_257_0.html Exhibitions on tour: Princess Olga Orlova in masquerade] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021034208/http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/04/2008/hm4_2_257_0.html|date=21 October 2013}}, Hermitage Museum. Retrieved 19 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
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    <title>Tatyana Danilyants</title>
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      <text bytes="1014" sha1="1sl01iuotvx4ea4nkvhmnsc9iqhvty4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Tatyana Sergeevna Danilyants''' (e ɗemngal Riisi: Татья́на Серге́евна Данилья́нц, IPA: [pooɗantooɗo leydi ndii, jibinaa ko e hitaande 1971, ko filmo, jibinaa ko e hitaande 1971)

O jeyaa ko e iwdi Armeni. O janngi to Mosku, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Peggy Guggenheim to Venezuela, to leydi Itali. E hitaande 1997 o naati kursuuji Andrzej Wajda.

Filmuuji makko ina njeyaa heen U, Фрески снов (&quot;Freskeeji koyɗi&quot;), Сад, mo скрыт (&quot;Jardiin suuɗiiɗo&quot;) e woɗɓe, e defte makko jimɗi Венецианское (&quot;[Yimre] Venezuela&quot;, 2005) e Beloe (&quot;[Yimre] daneejo&quot;, 2006). O rokkaa njeenaari yimre Nosside italinaajo e hitaande 2008. E hitaande 2011 o hollitii eɓɓaande makko Anima Russa (« Ruuhu Riisi »), tawi ina waɗi fotooje e nate gilaasi, to galle naalankaagal hannde biyeteeɗo Venice Projects, to Venezuela.&lt;ref&gt;http://veniceprojects.com/site/previous-exhibitions.php veniceprojects.com&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
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    <title>Kawakami Line</title>
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'''Laawol Kawakami''' (Laawol Kawakami, Kawakami-sen) ko laawol laana njoorndi e nder diiwaan Karafuto e jamaanu laamu Japon. Nde dogi 21,9 kiloomeeteer (13,6 mi) gila e nokku Konuma to laawol fuɗnaange-rewo haa e nokku ɗo kuuraa Kawakami woni ɗoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;ndl&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1207554/297|script-title=ja:鉄道停車場一覧|trans-title=List of Railway Stations|publisher=[[Japanese Government Railways#Historical operators of JGR|Ministry of Railways]]|via=[[National Diet Library]] Digital Collection|date=1 October 1937|accessdate=27 September 2019|page=541}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lawol ==
No ministeer laana njoorndi yaltiniri nii, tuggi 1 oktoobar 1937, dingiral laana njoorndi Kawakami ko nii :

Line Kawakami - Line Kawakami

== Innde Stasiyoŋ woɗɗuɗo ==
Total (km) S2S (km) Binndaa, Engele Kanji Stasiyoŋ URSS udditi Municipaal Jokkondir

0.0 0.0 Konuma 1911-07-20 Laana Fuɗnaange-rewo Wuro Toyokita

5.6 5.6 Kawakami Ключи Wuro Toyokita

5.3 10.9 Ɗemngal Kawakami 1922-10-01 Wuro Toyokita

2.2 13.1 Oku-Kawakami Wuro Toyokita

5,6 18,7 Nakayama 17 км 1922-10-01 Wuro Kawakami

3.2 21.9 Kawakami Tanzan Kawakami Tanzan Синегорск 1922-10-01 Wuro Kawakami

== Jamanuuji Riisi ==
Laawol laana njoorndi e 1 km (2016)

Ndeeɗoo laana ina jokki e golle MPS/RZD, dingiral joofnirde ngal waylaa innde mum wonti Novoaleksandrovka e Sinegorsk. Sarwiis yahooɓe udditaama e hitaande 1997. Miniraaji kuuraa udditaama e hitaande 2004. Lonngere cakkitiinde ko hedde 2006. Line fusi ko e hitaande 2016-2018.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Laabi Hōshi

Laana ndiwoowa Chihaku

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Ahmad Salehi ('''e ɗemngal Farse: احمد صالحی) ko ñaawoowo fuku koyɗe leydi Iraan.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.varzesh3.com/news/1254679/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AA-%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF صالحی سوت طلای ایران را دریافت کرد]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Njeenaaje ==
Ñaawirde hitaande ndee (1): 2014-15.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151002191836/http://www.davaran.ir/1389/06/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%DB%8C.html/ معرفی اجمالی احمد صالحی]&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Nnamdi Azikiwe</title>
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      <text bytes="74798" sha1="amx1ywoi1bqpzxueyy5dlawtdubdqh3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe'''GCFR PC (HeɗtoR; 16 noowammbar 1904 – 11 [[lewru]] mee 1996),&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe {{!}} president of Nigeria|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|access-date=2022-03-26|website=[[Britannica]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya ko '''Zik mo Afrik''', ko o dawriyanke, laamuyanke, e hooreejo leydi Nijeer, o woniino hooreejo leydi Nijeer gadano gila e hitaande 1960 haa e hitaande 1960 (1963-1966).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=French|first=Howard W.|date=1996-05-14|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; O ɗon laara no baaba lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nden bo o ɗon nder ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 1960.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-10-01|title=Heroes of the struggle for Nigeria's independence/pioneer political|url=https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-05-24|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=On this day in 1904 Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe, was born in Zungeru, Niger State, North-Central Nigeria|url=http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|date=2017-11-16|website=[[Jay FM]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805081611/http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Crowcroft|first=Barnaby|title=The Radical Nationalist as Constitutional Head of State: Nigeria, 1960–66|date=2020|work=Viceregalism: The Crown as Head of State in Political Crises in the Postwar Commonwealth|pages=179–202|editor-last=Kumarasingham|editor-first=H.|series=Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-46283-3_7|isbn=978-3-030-46283-3|s2cid=226564363}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Azikiwe jibinaa ko [[Zungeru]] e nder [[Diiwal Niger|diiwaan Niger]] hannde oo, jibnaaɓe [[Igbo]] en ummoriiɓe [[Onitsha]], [[Diiwal Anambra|diiwaan Anambra]], Azikiwe janngi ɗemngal Hausa ngal woni ɗemngal ɓurngal mawnude e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange. Caggal mum o neldaa hoɗde e neene makko e neene makko to wuro makko [[Onitsha]], ɗo o janngi ɗemngal [[Igbo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=chuku|first=gloria|title=Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi|year=2011|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-0239|work=Dictionary of African Biography|access-date=2023-12-13|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.013.0239|doi-broken-date=1 July 2025|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jooɗnde haa lesdi [[Lagos]] hokki mo jannguki ɗemngal [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], nden wakkati o ɗonno haa janngirde mawnde, o anndi finaa-tawaa [[Naajeeriya]] feere-feere, nden o wolwi ɗemɗe tati mawɗe [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Aguolu|first1=C. C.|last2=Aguolu|first2=L. E.|date=1997|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, First President of Nigeria: A Force in Library Development in Nigeria|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199|journal=World Libraries|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|issn=2155-7896}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe ina yahra no feewi. O ummii ko [[Amerik]] ɗo o inniraa '''Ben Azikiwe''', o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard. O jokkondiri e laamuuji koloñaal e ɗaɓɓaande ngam wallitde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e nder Olimpiyaaji Los Angeles 1932 nde tawnoo ko kanko kadi woni atletee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/03086539908583061|title='Managing nationalism': The colonial office and Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1932–43|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=143–158|year=1999|last=Flint|first=John E.}}&lt;/ref&gt; O arti [[Afrik]] ko e hitaande 1934, o fuɗɗii golle jaayndiyankaagal to Cote d’Or ([[Gana]] hannde oo). E nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange Biritaan, Azikiwe ina daranii wonde daraniiɗo politik e jaayndiyanke, ngam ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e [[Afrik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Azikiwe fights for Africa|date=7 January 1950|work=New York Amsterdam News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol==
'''Sukaaɓe''' : '''jaŋde e mbaydi ƴeew tiitoonde'''

Kartal pelle ɗemɗe [[Naajeeriya]]: Azikiwe jibinaa ko e diiwaan Fuɗnaange e nder leydi ndi. Leydi taaniraaɓe makko, [[Onitsha]], woni ko e bannge Fuɗnaange-rewo ngenndi ndii.)

Azikiwe jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1904 to [[Zungeru]], to Fuɗnaange Nijeer. Innde makko adannde, &quot;Nnamdi&quot;, nde jibnaaɓe makko ndokki mo ko innde [[Igbo Eze South|Igbo]] nde firti ko &quot;baaba am ina wuuri&quot;. Baaba makko, Obed-Edom Chukwuemeka Azikiwe, jeyaaɗo to [[Onitsha]], ko o binndoowo e nder laamu Angalteer to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Thomas A. Johnson|date=1972-09-14|title=Nigerian Urges Uses of the Past|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/09/14/archives/nigerian-urges-uses-of-the-past-says-colonialism-left-some-things.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yumma makko Rachel Chinwe Ogbenyeanu Azikiwe (jibinaa ko Aghadiuno), mo sahaa e sahaa fof ina wiyee « Nwanonaku »&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: My Odyssey|chapter=I: My Genealogy and Nativity|publisher=Spectrum Books|date=1970|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of NNamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-06|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ko ɓiɗɗo debbo tataɓo Aghadiuno Ajie&lt;ref name=&quot;PT&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;, iwdi galle laamɗo to Onitsha; mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Ugogwu Anazenwu, ko Obi [[Onitsha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;PT2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ina joginoo miñi mum gooto, miñi mum debbo, ina wiyee Cecilia Eziamaka Arinze.&lt;ref name=&quot;PT3&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nde o woni suka, Azikiwe ina haalda ɗemngal [[Hausa language|Hausa]], ɗemngal diiwaan oo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, first president of Nigeria: A force in Library development in Nigeria.|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199/154|last=Aguolu and Aguolu|first=C.C and L.E|date=1997|journal=World Libraries|volume=7|issue=2|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaba makko, ina wondi e sunaare e 6icfcfo makko e 6amtaare [[Hausa language|Hausa]] wonaa [[Igbo]], neli mo to [[Onitsha]] e hitaande 1912 ngam hocfde e neene makko e neene makko ngam janngude 6emngal e pinal [[Igbo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Oha&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Oha|first1=Obododimma|title=Heroes of knowledge versus dragons of ignorance: language, identity construction, and intertextuality in Nnamdi Azikiwe's &quot;My Odyssey&quot;|url=http://motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/MP2303oo.html|website=motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/|access-date=8 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; To [[Onitsha]], Azikiwe janngi Duɗal Trinity Seniiɗo (duɗal misiyoŋaaji katolik en) e Duɗal Eklesiya Almasiihu (duɗal leslesal Angalteer).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concodiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (2)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concodiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-2/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2016-12-14|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1914, nde baaba makko ina gollina to Lagos, Azikiwe yani e puccu ; ɗum addani baaba makko kulɓiniiɗo neldude mo to [[Lagos]], mbele omo sella, omo jokka jaŋde e nder wuro ngo.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Ndeen o naati duɗal sukaaɓe Wesleyan, anndiraangal hannde duɗal sukaaɓe ''Methodist'', [[Lagos]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=history – MGHS|url=https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004232208/https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaba makko neldaama [[Kaduna]] duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Azikiwe jooɗii seeɗa e banndiiko gooto resnduɗo juulɗo ummoriiɗo [[Siyeraa Leyoon]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1918, o arti [[Onitsha]], o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal hakkundeewal CMS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-05-09|title=Benjamin Nnamdi &quot;Zik&quot; Azikiwe (1904–1996)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/azikiwe-benjamin-nnamdi-zik-1904-1996/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ndeen golliima e duɗal ngal ko almuudo-jannginoowo,{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} ina wallita yumma mum e ngalu mum.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1920, baaba makko artiraa to Protectorat Sud Nigeria, to wuro [[Calabar]]. Azikiwe hawri e baaba mum to [[Calabar]], o fuɗɗii jaŋde toownde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; O naati e janngirɗe Marcus Garvey,&lt;ref name=&quot;Timesdigit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|work=The Times|location=London, England|date=14 May 1996|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garveyism, ɗe ngonti huunde himmunde e haala makko ngenndiyaŋkaagal.
[[File:Azikiwe with parents.png|thumb|Azikiwe e jibnaaɓe mum, c. Kitaale 1910]]
Caggal nde o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell,&lt;ref name=&quot;Yearbook1962&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Nigeria Year Book 1962|publisher=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|year=1962|pages=112}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe artiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Methodist, to [[Lagos]], o seerti e wondiiɓe makko ummoriiɓe e galleeji ɓooyɗi Lagos ko wayi no George Shyngle, Francis Cole e Ade Williams (ɓiy [[Akarigbo mo Remo|Akarigbo Remo]]). Ɗee jokkondiral naftorii caggal ɗuum e golle makko politik to [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley ''Boys'' o ɓuri waawde jaŋde makko, o rokki deftere ina wiyee « gila e Log Cabin haa e galle ''White House'' », ko ɗum woni nguurndam [[James A. Garfield]], gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi [[Amerik]], umminooɗo e huɗo haa e moƴƴere. Deftere ndee ina addana mo pellital heɓde nafoore e nguurndam. Azikiwe nanii yeewtere [[James Aggrey]], jannginoowo mo miijii wonde Afriknaaɓe ina poti heɓde jaŋde kolees caggal leydi, ɓe ngarta e waɗde waylo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Esele, Amos|date=21 November 1994|title=Ninety hearty cheers!|work=The Week|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde yeewtere ndee joofi, Aggrey rokki suka Azikiwe doggol duɗe jaɓɓotooɗe almudɓe ɓaleeɓe to [[Amerik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}}

Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri golle koloñaal, o jaɓaa wonde binndoowo to departemaa kaalis. Wakkati maako nder kuugal koloñaal, holli mo limngal njiyaagu nder laamu koloñaal.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=69}} Suɓaade Azikiwe janngude to Amerik e nokku Angalteer, ko batte Doktoor James Kwegyr Aggrey, nguurndam hooreejo leydi A. Garfield e Abraham Lincoln, Pan-Afriknism Marcus Garvey e woodgol ballal wonande almudɓe waasɓe, tawi alaa ko heɓaa e Angalteer. E pellital yahde caggal leydi ngam ɓeydaade jaŋde, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to U.S. O jaɓaa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer College, tawi ko e dow ballal makko e yiytude laawol feewde [[Amerik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Commencement address at Storer delivered by African alumnus|date=14 June 1947|work=New Journal and Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngam yettaade [[Amerik]], o jokkondiri e laana ndiwoowa, o waɗi e makko nanondiral ngam wonde stowaway.&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono gooto e sehilaaɓe makko wonnooɓe e laana kaa rafi, ɓe wasiyii yo ɓe njippo e Sekondi. To leydi [[Gana]], Azikiwe golliima ko polis ; yumma makko yilliima, o wiyi mo yo o hoot leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. O arti, baaba makko jaɓi wallitde mo yahde [[Amerik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Heroes of the Past – Nnamdi Azikiwe – Everything But Coffee|url=https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805024303/https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harpers Ferry, to Virginie worgo. Ngam yoɓde nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko, o golliima golle keewɗe ɗe ngalaa nafoore hade makko winnditaade to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard to Washington, D.C. e hitaande 1927 ngam heɓde dipolomaaji makko e ganndal politik. E hitaande 1929, o ummii duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard o fayi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln ngam timminde jaŋde makko leslesre, o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko BA e ganndal politik e hitaande 1930.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crisis-Jan1966&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OnlineNigeria&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/people/ad.asp?blurb=66|title=Biography of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|access-date=2007-09-05|work=[www.onlinenigeria.com]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikwe ƴettii kursuuji e Alain Locke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Getachew|first=Adom|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv3znwvg|title=Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination|date=2019|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-17915-5|pages=7|doi=10.2307/j.ctv3znwvg|jstor=j.ctv3znwvg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe wonnoo ko tergal e fedde nde.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Politics and Leadership|url=http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502181928/http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2007|website=Phi Beta Sigma|access-date=7 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndeen o naatii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln to Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e sahaa gooto e hitaande 1930, o heɓi dipoloma makko ko fayti e diine e filosofi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e hitaande 1932, o heɓi kadi dipoloma makko ko fayti e anthropologie to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e hitaande 1933&lt;ref name=&quot;UPenn&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|title=Alumni, Faculty, and Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania Who Have Served as Heads of State or Government|access-date=2007-09-05|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania|University Archives and Records Center University of Pennsylvania]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205032053/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|archive-date=5 February 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/zik.asp|title=Nigeria – Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|website=www.onlinenigeria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Azikiwe wonti jannginoowo dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, ɗo o sosi janngirde daartol [[Afrik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=41}} O woniino kanndidaa ngam heɓde dipolomaaji doktoraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] hade makko hootde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e hitaande 1934.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Azikiwe May Accept Position in Liberia|date=21 July 1934|work=The New York Amsterdam News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wiɗtooji doktoraa Azikiwe ɗii ɓuri teeŋtude ko e Liberiya e nder politik winndere, e binndol makko ngol A. H. Stockwell yaltini e hitaande 1934. E nder sahaa mo o woni to [[Amerik]], o woniino winndiyanke to jaaynde Afro-Ameriknaare Baltimore, to Philadelphia Tribune e to jaaynde Associated Negro Press.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ina joginoo miijooji jaayndeeji [[Afrik]]-[[Amerik]], Garveyism e Pan-Afriknaaɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Feddeeji e renndooji ===
Fedde sukaaɓe worɓe kerecee en, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27)

Cub hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928)

Fedde binndol Stylus to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1923)

Fedde hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] (1930-32)

Fedde nguurndam, Duɗal Anthropoloji Laamu (1933)

Fedde nguurndam, fedde faggudu laamɗo (1934)

Tergal nguurndam, Fedde Angalteer ngam ɓamtaare ganndal (1947)

Fedde Ameriknaare ngam sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele (1933–34)

Fedde Annduɓe Anthropoloji Amerka (1932-1934)

Fedde ganndal siyaas Amerik (1933-34)

Fedde Annduɓe Leƴƴi Amerka (1933-34)

Koolol ganndal siwil to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1934)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anike|url=http://repository.unizik.edu.ng/bitstream/123456789/429/1/master%2C%2BAnike.pdf|website=repository.unizik.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Azikiwe playing American Football, Storer College, 1926.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe ina fija fuku [[Amerik]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926)]]

== Golle atletik ==
E fuɗɗoode golle makko, Azikiwe ina yahra e boks, atletik, njulaagu, fuku koyɗe e tennis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crisis-Jan19662&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Football ko Biritaan en ngaddi ɗum e leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] nde ɓe koloni [[Afrik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://nnu.ng/post/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|website=Nigeria News Update.|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono kala ligues sosaaɗe, ko ɗe ceerndaaɗe. Nnamdi yi'i ɗum bana tooñannge nden o wurti bee hooreejo to bannge fijirle jokkirgol e siyaasaaku haa timmoode jamaanu koloñaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sports and the Modernity of Leisure in Nigeria: Stadium Space and the Symbolisms of Expressions, 1930–1980|url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/61376/OBASA-DISSERTATION-2015.pdf?sequence=1|last=Olusegun|first=Obasa|date=2015|website=repositories.lib.utexas.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1934, Zik haɗaama tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu leydi Nijeer jaɓaaka tawtoreede. Ɗum waɗii sahaa goɗɗo sabu iwdi makko Igbo, Zik fellitii wonde ina heddi, o yiɗi sosde fedde makko. Nnamdi sosi fedde Zik's ''Athletic Club'' (ZAC) nde udditanta dame mum ngam fijirde worɓe e rewɓe kala leƴƴi, leƴƴi, leƴƴi, e kala fannuuji leydi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nationalist Period|url=http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|website=Sports and Politics in British West/Central Africa|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805025704/http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1942, fedde nde yahi haa heɓi Ligue [[Lagos]] e Kop ''Memorial War''. Caggal ɗeen nafooje, Nnamdi udditi caɗeele ZAC goɗɗe e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] fof. E nder duuɓi wolde ZAC ina yaha njilluuji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe Facts|url=https://biography.yourdictionary.com/nnamdi-azikiwe|website=biography.yourdictionary.com|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Matchs'' ZAC ɗon waɗa nder lesdi ndi'i fuu, nden ɗum waɗi yimɓe [[Naajeeriya]] ɗon mari haaje kawtal e lesdi ndi'i ngam wallugo ɓe haɓugo ndimu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Establishment and the Achievements of the National Sports Commission in Nigeria|url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=osu1487093435463141&amp;disposition=inline|last=Abioye|first=Joseph Adegboyega|date=1980|website=etd.ohiolink.edu}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1949, won e fukuyaŋkooɓe ZAC tawtoraama njillu to Angalteer. E gartugol maɓɓe e njillu ngu ɓe njooɗii to Freetown, Siyeraa Leyoon, e leydi Najeriya fooli yimɓe nokku oo e golle 2. Ndee nasaraaku ko ɓuri duuɓi sappo ko adii jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya]], kono ko nde jibinannde kippu ngenndiijo leydi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigerians Love For Football; is it too much?|url=https://soccernet.ng/2015/03/nigerians-love-for-football-is-it-too.html|date=2015-03-23|website=Soccernet.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E joofnirde, caggal duuɓi hare, e hitaande 1959, jaagorde Angalteer cakkitiinde yalti NFA, ñalnde 22 ut 1960, jonte seeɗa ko adii jeytaare mum, [[Naajeeriya]] naati e fedde fuku koyɗe winndereere wiyeteende FIFA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pictures &amp; Documents: FIFA at 114, How Nigeria Became a Member|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|date=2018-05-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175655/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;Hay heen gootal waawaano wonde so wonaano Nnamdi Azikiwe. O hawti [[Naajeeriya]] bee fijirde nden o waddi hakkilo lesdi ndi'i wi'eteeɗum 'Nigerian-ness'.

=== Jaambaraagal dingiral ===
Sosɗo, ZiKs ''Athletic Club'' (e MRB. Oltun) ngam ɓamtugo fijooji, boksi, kirikit, njuulu e tennis nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]].

Gooliiɗo e yeeso, duɗal sukaaɓe metodist, [[Lagos]] (1921)

Jaagorgal, Diwgol toowngol, M.B.H.S, e Jaagorgal, Ñalngu Laamu (1921)

Jaagorɗo, tedduɗo, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27)

Jaagorgal &amp; Medaal kaŋŋe, Diwgol toowngol, Pijirlooji hakkunde duɗe HU (1926);

Medaal kaŋŋe, doggol leydi, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, e diwgol toowngol, kawgel kaalis to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926)

Medaal, Pentatlon, kawgel kolees Storer (1925)

Kapiteen, fedde janngirde Storer (1927)

Medaal kaŋŋe, taƴoowo leydi, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1921)

Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, maraton Laurel-Baltimore (1927)

Jaagorɗo, dogdu ɓaleeru, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928)

Kapiteen gooto, fedde fuku koyɗe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1930)

Doggol kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel ɗiɗmel hakkunde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cheyney (1930)

Medaal kaalis, doggudu kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel hakkunde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hampton Virginia (1931)

Jaaliiɗo toɓɓere, dogdu Baltimore (1929, 1930)

Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, dogdu Richmond (1931)

Toɓɓere Dowla, A.A.U. Kaɓirɗe hakkunde leyɗeele (1932)

Medaal kaŋŋe, dogdu 1 000 yard, Pijirlooji Kaledoni to Brooklyn, New York (1932)

Medaal kaŋŋe, Doggol Kilomeeteer gooto, e Doggol Kilomeeteer tati, Y MC.A. Pijirlooji, New York (1932)

Koppi kaalis, dogdu feccere kiloomeeteer, e keɓɗo kopporeeje kaalis e nder dogdu kiloomeeteer gooto, kawgel ñalngu ladde Demokaraasi, New Haven, Connecticut (1933)

Ɗiɗaɓo (e G.K Dorgu), kawgel tennis worɓe ɗiɗo Lagos, diɗɗal B (1938)

Nafooje (gorko Anchor), Kippu ZAC e nder kawgel njulaagu [[Lagos]] (1939)

Nasti ngam daranaago lesdi Naajeeriya nder fijirde Half-Mile e One Mile Run nder fijirde laamu lesdi Biritaniya nder hitaande 1934, ammaa A.A.A lesdi Biritaniya sali mo ngam 'daliilu karallaaku'. (Ngolɗoo jaɓgol addani mo winndude ɓataake lolluɗo, o woppi innde makko e ɗemngal Engele, hono Benjamin)

=== Tergal ===
Fedde fuku koyɗe Diamant (1922-24)

Fedde fijooji Merkiir to New York (1932-34)

Kaɓirgal tennis to Akra (1935-1937)

Patron, fedde fijirde Zik (gila 1956)

Hooreejo, Fedde Kirikit [[Naajeeriya]] (1940–44)

Hooreejo, Fedde Njulaagu [[Naajeeriya]] (1938–41)

Cukko hooreejo, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e boksi leydi Nijeer (gila 1949)

Hooreejo fedde fuku koyɗe diiwaan [[Lagos]] (1951-1954)

Hooreejo, Fedde Fijooji Amateur [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1952)

Hooreejo, Fedde ''Tennis'' Tabal [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1953)

Cukko Patron e tergal Goomu, Goomu Olimpiyaade Nijeer, e Fedde Pijirlooji Laamu Biritaan e ''Commonwealth'' (gila 1951)

&lt;ref&gt;Alegi, Peter (2010). African Soccerscapes: How a Continent Changed the World's Game. Ohio University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-89680-278-0}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ​&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Before Joining FIFA and CAF; Nigeria FA was Affiliated to the FA in England|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|date=2018-08-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804235509/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/nnamdi-azikiwe/|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: How do We Remember Nigeria's First President? – HistoryVille|date=16 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle binndol ==

=== Jaaynde jaayndeyaagal e tafngo ===
Rewɓe ɓee ndaranii yoɓde njoɓdi Angalteer e hitaande 1929, ko ɗum seedtini warngooji keewɗi e nder Opobo, tawi ko soldateeɓe Angalteer ardii ɗum en e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange. Azikiwe, nde nani kewu nguu, winndi winndannde ñaawoore tiitoonde mum ko ‘Warde rewɓe e nder leydi Nijeer’, nde o woni e janngude haa jooni to Amerik e hitaande 1930, e ɓataake mo o winndi e oon sahaa, daraniiɗo hakkeeji siwil ''Pan''-[[Afrik]], hono W. E. B. Du Bois. Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Azikiwe winndi deftere makko adannde wiyeteende ‘Liberia e nder politik winndere’ e hitaande 1931.

Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiriino wonde jaagorgal caggal leydi to leydi Liberiya, kono o saliima sabu o wonaa jeyaaɗo e leydi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist|work=The Journalist|url=https://www.thejournalist.org.za/pioneers/nnamdi-azikiwe-african-philosopher-scholar-and-eminent-journalist|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1934, nde Azikiwe warti [[Lagos]], o anndaa no feewi, o yi’aama no neɗɗo tedduɗo e won e renndo [[Lagos]] e [[Igbo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://www.ekwendigbo.com/index.php/en/profiles/blessed-memories/83-nnamdi-azikiwe|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805055431/http://www.ekwendigbo.com/index.php/en/profiles/blessed-memories/83-nnamdi-azikiwe|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 August 2020|website=www.ekwendigbo.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; O jaɓɓaama e juuɗe yimɓe seeɗa, kolliri binndi makko to [[Amerik]] ina laaɓi ina njottii [[Naajeeriya]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=38}} To leydi Nijeer, faandaare Azikiwe adannde ko heɓde darnde fotnde e jaŋde makko ; caggal ɗaɓɓaande keewnde nde o heɓaani (ina heen ngam heɓde posto janngingol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'', [[Lagos]]), o jaɓi ɗaɓɓaande jom jawdi en [[Gana|Ganaa]] biyeteeɗo Alfred Ocansey ngam wonde gardiiɗo sosɗo jaaynde wiyeteende ''African Morning Post'', jaaynde hesere ñalnde kala to [[Accra]], [[Gana|Ganaa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-01-07|title=Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://thenigerianhistory.wordpress.com/dr-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|website=our history|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; O rokkaama junngo ngam dogginde jaaynde ndee, o ƴetti gollotooɓe mum heewɓe e asliiji ɗii.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Azikiwe winndi &quot;''The Inside Stuff by'' Zik&quot;, deftere nde o winndi e nder mum ko fayti e ngenndiyaŋkaagal radikal e manngu ɓaleejo, ko ɗum addani won e kulhuli e nder dingiral koloñaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African graduate of Lincoln creates stir in his native land|date=22 August 1936|work=New Journal and Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko o editor, o ƴelliti ajendaaji ngenndiyaŋkooɓe daraniiɓe [[Afrik]].&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuri Smertin siftinii binndol makko ngol ko, &quot;binndanɗe cemmbinɗe e haalaaji renndo ɗi cemmbini njuɓɓudi koloñaal gonndi ndii : keeri hakke Afriknaaɓe hollirde miijooji mum en, e njiyaagu njiyaagu&quot;. Yuri kadi ñiŋii ɓeen Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e ‘elite’ renndo koloñaal, yiɗɓe jogaade njuɓɓudi gonndi ndii, nde tawnoo ɓe njiyri ɗum ko « tuugnorgal wellitaare maɓɓe.[58] E nder dumunna mo Azikiwe woni e Accra, o yahri yeeso e filosof makko Afrik keso mo o ƴeewti caggal ɗuum e nder deftere makko, Afrik[ Renas59].

E nder miijo filosof, Azikiwe wiyi wonde « ko leydi ɗo Afriknaaɓe ceertata e leƴƴi e laamuuji gaadanteeji, mbaylee e kuule filosof joy : ballondiral ruuhu, ƴellitaare renndo, pellital faggudu, ndimaagu hakkille e ngenndiyaŋkaagal risorgimento ». Azikiwe ronkaani politik Gold Coast, kadi jaaynde ndee ina wallita lannda Mambii nokku oo.[36] The Post, jaaynde nokkuure ndee yaltinii winndannde ñalnde 15 mee 1936, &quot;Mbele Afriknaajo ina jogii Alla?&quot; ko I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson, e Azikiwe (hono winndiyanke) ñaawaama sabu fitinaaji.[28] O fuɗɗii ko ñaaweede, o ñaawaa lebbi jeegom kasoo. E dow fenaande makko, Zik hollitii, &quot;so tawii ko mi kuutorgal daɗndo ngal imperiyaalisma e nder Afrik hirnaange foti luulndaade e liɓde, kadi so tawii e nder ndeeɗoo njillu miɗo foti yoɓde njoɓdi ɓurndi toowde, ndeen alaa ko haani mi diwde walla mi diwta. Miɗo wondi e hoolaare ñalnde kala wonde the New restinality ina waawi wonde les Afrik keso oo stem it. Hay maayde am waawaa jokkude kristal mum.&quot; Caggal ɗuum o woppitaa e Ñaawirde Toownde Afrik Hirnaange.[60]

Azikiwe warti Lagos nder hitaande 1937, o sosi jaaynde wiyeteende West African Pilot, jaaynde nde o huutortoo ngam ɓamtude ngenndiyaŋkaagal e nder leydi Najeriya, fedde Zik Group sosi jaayndeeji jowitiiɗi e toɓɓe politik e faggudu e nder gure teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndii fof.[61] Jaaynde ɓurnde mawnude e fedde ndee ko Pilot Afrik worgo, nde huutorii ko konngol Dante Alighieri « Hollit annoore, yimɓe ɓee keɓata laawol » ngam waɗde heen konngol mum. Binndanɗe goɗɗe ko Defender Naajeeriya Fombinaari ummoriiɗo Warri (caggal mum Ibadan), Gardiiɗo Fuɗnaange (sosaaɗo e hitaande 1940, yaltinaa to Port Harcourt), e Kaaloowo Naajeeriya to Onitsha.[62] Ko e hitaande 1944, fedde ndee heɓti deftere Dusé Mohamed Ali wiyeteende La Comète. Jaaynde Azikiwe ko njulaagu, kadi ko kuutorgal ngam politik e wallitde.[63] Pilot oo ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e yeeyde ko ɓuri heewde ko e circulation, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu firms expatriés ɓuri waawde faggudu leydi Najeriya.[64] Jaayɗe Azikiwe keewɗe teeŋtinii sensationalisme e daartol nafoore aadee ; the Pilot nastini yewtere fijirle e ta'irde rewɓe, ɓesdi yewtere dow kuuɗe Naajeeriya to ɗum hawti bee limngal limngal limngal limngal limngal Daily Times (ngal teddini limngal limngal yimɓe lesdi feere e limngal lesdi feere).[65] Doggol Pilot gadanol ngol ko 6 000 ekkol ñalawma kala ; e tolno mum ɓurɗo mawnude e hitaande 1950, nde ina yaltina ko ina tolnoo e 20 000 ekkol.[66] Azikiwe sosi gollorɗe njulaagu goɗɗe (hono Banke Kontinental Afrik e Restoran Penny) e oon sahaa, o huutorii jaayɗe makko ngam yeeyde ɗe.[67]

Ko adii wolde adunaare ɗimmere, Pilot Afrik worgo[68] yiytaa ko no kaayitaaji etaade mahde tuugnorgal cirkulaasiyoŋ wonaa radikal peeñɗo. Editorialji ɓataake oo e yeewtere politik ndee ina teeŋtini tooñanngeeji baɗeteeɗi e Afriknaaɓe, e ñiŋde njuɓɓudi koloñaal e ballal miijooji eliteeji jannguɓe to Lagos.[67] Kono, e hitaande 1940, waylo-waylo seeɗa-seeɗa waɗi. No o waɗiri e jaaynde African Morning Post nii, Azikiwe fuɗɗii winndude lowre wiyeteende &quot;Inside Stuff&quot;, nde o etotoo sahaa e sahaa fof ƴellitde hakkillaaji politik.[69] Editorialuuji jaaynde ndee ina noddi jeytaare Afrik, haa teeŋti noon caggal nde dille jeytaare Inndo ummii.[70] Hay so tawii kaayitaaji ɗii ina mballita Angalteer e nder wolde nde, ɗi ñiŋii peeje ustude ngalu ko wayi no ƴellitde cogguuli e ustude njoɓdi.[71] E hitaande 1943, Diiso Angalteer (Conseil britannique) wallitii rewooɓe Afrik worgo 8 (ina heen Azikiwe), kanko e rewooɓe 6 woɗɓe ɓe kuutoriima fartaŋŋe ngam humpitaade jeytaare politik potnde waɗeede. Jaayndiyankooɓe ɓee ciifi ɓataake ngam ɗaɓɓude peeje moƴƴe renndo-politik seeɗa-seeɗa, tawa ina jeyaa heen ittugol njuɓɓudi koloñaal korona, wakilaagu diiwaanuuji e jeytaare koloñaaluuji Afrik hirnaange Angalteer e hitaande 1958 walla 1960.[72] Memorandum oo, biro koloñaal oo yejjiti ɗum, ɗum ɓeydi fitinaaji Azikiwe.[73]

Omo jogii nafoore mawnde e jaayɗe ko ina tolnoo e 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe Afriknaaɓe njiylotoo. Binndanɗe Azikiwe ko faati e ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik, mawnikinaare ɓaleeɓe e doole mum en, njibinii politikaaji koloñaal en heewɓe, naftorii Afriknaaɓe heewɓe ŋakkiraaɓe.[74] Jaayɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik ina keewi yaltude e ɗemngal Suwahili, so wonaa jaayɗe kabaruuji ko wayi no East African Standard. Azikiwe wayliima no feewi e nder jaayɗe Afrik worgo, hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore. E hitaande 1950, jaayɗe joy ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe Afrik toppitii e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange (ina heen jaaynde Nigerian Daily Times) ɓuri Pilot yeeyde. Ñalnde 8 lewru juko hitaande 1945, laamu leydi Najeriya haɗi Azikiwe Pilot Afrik hirnaange e Daily Comet ngam hollirde ko boni e humpitooji ko faati e seppo mawngo.[75] Azikiwe hay so jaɓii ɗum, o jokki e yaltinde binndanɗe ko faati e seppo ngoo e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Guardian (jaaynde makko Port Harcourt). O ardii seppo mawngo e hitaande 1945, o woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya fuɗnaange gila 1954 haa 1959.[76] E kitaale 1960, caggal jeytaare leydi Najeriya, Pilot ngenndiijo Afrik hirnaange ina teskaa e fuɗnaange. Azikiwe ƴettii faandaare teeŋtunde e pelle politik ɗe njiɗnoo ko ittude. O ñiŋaama e fedde Yoruba en sabu huutoraade jaaynde makko ngam haɗde luulndaade miijooji makko. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde The New York Times wiyi wonde o &quot;toowiima e geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder Afrik, o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teskeede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko.&quot;[77]

== Golle politik ==
Azikiwe wonti golloowo e nder fedde sukaaɓe Naajeeriya (NYM), fedde ngenndiyaŋkoore arandeere e nder leydi ndi.[78] Hay so tawii o walliino Samuel Akisanya ngam wonde kanndidaa NYM ngam heɓde jooɗorde wootere e nder Diiso sarɗiiji e hitaande 1941, tawi diiso doosɗe suɓiima Ernest Ikoli.[79]

Azikiwe wurtini NYM, o tuumi ardungal ɓurngal ɗuuɗugo nder Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama yimɓe Ijebu-Yoruba'en e Igbo'en. Won e terɗe Ijebu ndewi e makko, pecci dille ɗee e laabi leƴƴi.[79] O naati nder siyaasaaku, o sosi kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya e lesdi Kameruun (NCNC) bee Herbert Macaulay nder hitaande 1944. Azikiwe laati hooreejo kawtal ngal nder hitaande 1946. NCNC hawti bee lanndaaji lesdi Naajeeriya, kawtal fina-tawaa, e kawtal kuugal lesdi Naajeeriya, Kawtal Rewbe Demokaraasi Naajeeriya ekn lannda woni lannda siyaasa tataɓal sosaangal nder leydi Naajeeriya ɓaawo lannda Democratic National Naajeeriya (kañum ne sosi ɗum Herbert Macaulay), e Mouvement Sukaaɓe Naajeeriya. Terɗe lannda kaa teeŋtuɗe ina njeyaa heen; Fumilayo Ransome-Kuti, M.I.Okpara, J.O. Fadahunsi, Eyo Ita, Margaret Ekpo, Raymond Njoku, F.S. McEwen, Festus Okotie-Eboh,Timote Paul Birabi, A.K. Blankson, Denis Osadebay, e TOS Benson.[80]

=== Tuumeede fedde ===
Sabu ballal Azikiwe e seppo mawngo e lewru suwee 1945 e njanguuji makko e laamu koloñaal, bayyinaango Pilot Afrik hirnaange dartinaama ñalnde 8 sulyee ndeen hitaande.[81] O yetti liggotooɓe seppooɓe ɓee e hooreejo maɓɓe, Michael Imoudu, o tuumi laamu koloñaal ina huutoroo liggotooɓe.[82] E lewru ut, jaaynde ndee jaɓaama fuɗɗaade yaltude.[83] E nder seppo ngo, Azikiwe ummini alarm ko faati e peeje warngooji ɗi yimɓe ɓe nganndaaka, gollotooɓe e innde laamu koloñaal.[82] Daartol makko e tuumeede ko mesaas wireless mo jaayndiyanke Pilot nanngi.[65] Caggal nde o heɓi mesaas mo o taƴi oo, Azikiwe naati suuɗde to Onitsha. Pilot yaltinii binndanɗe yurmeende e sahaa nde o alaa, kadi Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe ina ngoongɗini daartol warngo ngoo.[84][85] Lowre Azikiwe, e cirƴam jaayndeeji makko, ɓeydii e ooɗoo sahaa. Tuume ɗee ina cikki won e Naajeeriyankooɓe, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o waɗi ɗe ngam ɓamtude darnde makko.[86] Sikke alaa ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko politikaaji Yoruba en ummoriiɓe e fedde sukaaɓe Naajeeriya, ko ɗum waɗi luural hakkunde pelle ɗee e hare jaayndeeji hakkunde Pilot Azikiwe e Daily Service NYM.

=== Diɗɗal Zikist en ===
Sukaaɓe ɓee kawri ngam haɓaade laamu koloñaal Angalteer. Gooto e fedde sukaaɓe hono ndee ko Zikist en. Diɗɗal sukaaɓe ngal alaa ko bonnata – e gardagol Kolawole Balogun, Raji Abdallah, Osita Agwuna, M. C. K. Ajuluchukwu e Abiodun Aloba – sosaa ko e hitaande 1946 ngam daranaade nguurndam Azikiwe e miijooji mum laamu hoore mum. Kola Balogun woni hooreejo gadano dillere Zikist en. E lewru feebariyee 1946, Balogun neldi noddaango fotde sukaaɓe 20 to Lagos, ngam naamnaade miijo maɓɓe e geɗe ngenndiije. E nder capanɗe ɗiɗi ɗee, sappo e ɗiɗo njaabiima, ɗum addani sosde Diɗɗal Zikist, nde tawnoo ɓeen worɓe ngontii terɗe sosɗe maggal. Nwafor Orizu sinci helmere 'Zikism' diga Azikiwe nde laati innde diina man.[89] O wonaa tergal e dillere nde kono ko o sehil ɓadiiɗo e jiɗɗo Azikiwe, kadi omo jeyaa e sukaaɓe heewɓe ɓe Azikiwe doolni ngam janngude to Amerik, e sara Eyo Ita e KO Mbadiwe. Raji Abdallah wonti hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo fedde Zikist, caggal nde Balogun ummii Londres, o golliima gila 1948 haa 1949. O waɗii nafoore mawnde e heɓde ballal to bannge worgo e jeyeede e fedde nde. Abdallah e Osita Agwuna (jaagorde makko) ko ɓooyaani koo mbaɗi fedde wiyeteende “Anti-Colour Bar Mouvement” (ACBM) to Kano, fedde nde ina luulndii njiyaagu seerndude ɓaleeɓe e ɓaleeɓe e nder leydi Nijeer. ACBM caggal mum fusi e nder fedde Zikist ɓurnde mawnude.[90] No Balogun nii, e hitaande 1948, Abdallah riiwaa e golle mum e nder sarwiis jaayndeeji Kano, sarwiis jaayndeeji rajooji. Ko riiwtude mo addani mo ɓeydaade jokkondirde e Mouvement Zikist. O riiwaa sabu naatgol makko e dillere Zikist ina sikkaa ko politik ɓurɗo laaɓtude wonande golloowo laamu.

Abdallah ñaawaa caggal mum ñalnde 7 noowammbar 1948 to Ñaawirde Toownde Lagos, ɗo o waɗi konngol, o wiyi nii, &quot;Ɗum ko ñalawma teeŋtuɗo no feewi. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude, ma a taw e nder daartol leydi men. Miɗo noddira ɗum ko ɓuri teeŋtude sabu ko hannde pot-ɗen fellitde, mbele eɗen poti anndude hol ko foti wonde freemen walla alaa?&quot; &quot;Miɗo yiɗi Union Jack e ɓernde am fof. Sabu so wonaa e nder leydi Angalteer, ɗo yahrata fof; woɗɗi hawrude, ina renndini yimɓe ɓee. Mi alaa ko njogiimi e laamɗo George VI mo Angalteer. Kono miɗo yiɗi Crown leydi Angalteer e ɓernde am fof. Ngam miin e banndiraaɓe am, ko maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, ko juuti e inige petition. En njaltii e duuɓi dipolomasi. Ko ɗum waɗi, miɗo ɗoo jamma, ngam noddirde spade ko spade, e machete ko machete.&quot; &quot;Hande, min, Habibu Raji Abdallah, bee mo'ere Allah, hooreejo lesdi Zikist Movement e Field Secretary NCNC, mi ɗon anndina hoore am mi ɓii lesdi Naajeeriya jeytaare e jeytaare. Mi walaa gooŋgaaku haa kala laamu jananndu, nden boo nder walaa' laamu lesdi Naajeeriya e heforth ngam yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya; haani ɗooftaade kala sariya, ko wonaa sariyaaji ɓiɗɓe leydi Najeriya, aadaaji e sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele. Ko ɗum waɗi, mi yoɓataa njoɓdi ndii e ooɗoo laamu.Ngam so a yoɓii, ɓe kuutortoo ko kaalis ngam duumaade njiimaandi maɓɓe e dow maa.&quot;[citation needed] E dow ñaawoore makko, o jaabtii e mitigation Greggcitation, presitation,

&quot;so tawii aɗa gooŋɗini e goonga wonde ko bonannde haɓaade ndimaagu, ndeen noon, e kala sahaa, ñaaw am haa mi wara. So tawiino miɗo woppitee hannde, mi waawaa rokkude hoolaare ngam muusde ɗemngal am. Miin noon, ɓernde am ina laaɓi, miɗo weltii e accude ñaawoore sakkitiinde nde So rifatho, the fuverill to weltaare waɗɓe ma ɗoo mi acca ñaawoore sakkitiinde ndee e Alla.”

[90][91][92] Konnguɗi makko lolluɗi ɗii njahdi ko caggal keeri leydi Najeriya, ɗi njaɓaa ko e lannda leƴƴi kawral (CPP) mo Kwame Nkrumah to Cote d’Or (hannde Ganaa). Laamu koloñaal jaɓaani moƴƴere e les njiimaandi rewolison e nulal Abdallah. Ko ɗum waɗi Abdallah e ardiiɓe fedde Zikist en nayo nanngaa, ɓe tuumaama ko ɓe fitinaaji.[89] Ndeeɗoo ƴaañgal e ardorde Zikist en addani njuɓɓudi goɗndi e nder Diɗɗal Zikist en, addani Nduka Eze yaltude hooreejo leydi, caggal nde Abdallah sokaa, Mokwugo Okoye wonti sekreteruuji mawɗi. Zikist en, e nder yontaaji, njaltii e NCNC, ɓuri ngenndiyaŋkooɓe e njuɓɓudi jibinannde mum en. Ofiseeji koloñaal en njiyri dille Zikist en ko renndo ngo rewaani laawol, ɓe njaltini yamiroore (Order-in-Council), ɓe kaɗi dille Zikist en ñalnde 12 abriil 1950. Caggal ɗuum fedde nde fusi, terɗe mayre mbayli e politik, e njulaagu, e laamu aadaaji.[]39]

=== Luulndaade doosgal leydi Richards ===
E hitaande 1945, guwerneer leydi Biritaan biyeteeɗo Arthur Richards hollitii eɓɓooje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi Clifford ɗe hitaande 1922.[70] Ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndee ɓeydugol terɗe Afrik toɗɗaaɗe e Diiso sarɗiiji. Kono waylooji ɗii ko ngenndiyankooɓe hono Azikiwe luulndii ɗum en.[74] Politiyankooɓe NCNC njaɓaani kuule ɗe Arthur Richards ƴetti, kam e kuulal doosgal leydi ndi ina ɗaɓɓi terɗe Afriknaaɓe nay cuɓaaɗe tan ; heddiiɓe ɓee maa ngona kanndidaaji toɗɗaaɗi.[94] Kanndidaaji Afriknaaɓe toɗɗaaɗi ɗii ko lolluɓe laamu koloñaal, tee ɓe njiɗaa laamu hoore maɓɓe e dow fenaande. Daartol luulndo ngoɗngol ko ŋakkeende nafoore ngam yahrude yeeso Afriknaaɓe e jappeere laamu toownde. NCNC ina hebli ngam haɓaade haala mum e laamu kesu nguu, hono Clement Attlee to leydi Angalteer.[95] Jaɓɓungal leydi ndi fuɗɗii ngam humpitaade ko woni e lannda ka, e dañde kaalis ngam seppo leydi Angalteer.[96] Hooreejo lannda NCNC, Herbert Macaulay maayi e nder njillu ngu, Azikiwe ƴetti ardaade lannda ka. O ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo haa Londres, ngam heblude njillu nguu, o yahi Amerik ngam ɗaɓɓude yurmeende e haala lannda kaa. Azikiwe hawri e Eleanor Roosevelt to Hyde Park, o haali ko fayti e &quot;rimɗinde leydi Naajeeriya e maccungaagu politik, ŋakkeende kisal faggudu e ŋakkeende renndo&quot;.[97]

Delegaasiyoŋ Angalteer ina jeyaa heen Azikiwe, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Zanna Dipcharima, Abubakar Olorunimbe, P. M. Kale, Adeleke Adedoyin e Nyong Essien. Ɓe njilliima Biro Kolonial Fedde Fabian, Goomu Laamɗo Gollotooɓe e Dental Almudɓe Afrik Hirnaange ngam humpitaade eɓɓooji mum ngam waylude doosɗe leydi 1922. Ina jeyaa e eɓɓooje NCNC, jokkondirde e Afriknaaɓe ko faati e waylooji doosɗe leydi Najeriya, ɓeydude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo e ustude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji hakkundeejo to bannge difagol, kaalis e geɗe caggal leydi.[100] Delegaasiyoŋ oo yettinii eɓɓaaɗe mum to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe koloñaal, kono ko seeɗa tan waɗi ngam waylude eɓɓaaɗe Richards. Doosgal Richards fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1947, Azikiwe haɓa e gooto e jooɗorɗe Lagos ngam leeltinde golle mum.[101]

=== Duuɓi 1950 haa 1953 ===
E nder doosgal leydi Richards, Azikiwe suɓaama e nder Diisnondiral Legislatif e nder wooteeji municipaal Lagos ummoraade e lannda Demokaraasi ngenndiijo (fotde NCNC).[102] Kanko e wakiliijo lannda makko ɓe tawtoraaka batu gadano diisnondiral ngal, kadi agitaasiyoŋ ngam waylude doosgal leydi Richards addani doosgal leydi Macpherson.[74] Doosgal Macpherson fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1951, hono no doosgal Richards nii, noddi wooteeji e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo. Azikiwe saliima waylooji ɗii, o haɓanaaki fartaŋŋe waylude doosgal leydi kesal ngal.

Wooteeji limtaaɗi mbaɗaama tuggi lewru ut haa lewru desaambar 1951.[103] To Diiwaan Hirnaange (ɗo Azikiwe darinoo ɗoo), lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɓuri heen heewde : NCNC mo Azikiwe e Goomu golle. Woote Asaambele diiwaan Hirnaange mbaɗaama e lewru suwee e desaambar 1951 sabu doosgal leydi ndii ina ɗaɓɓi e kollirɗe woote ngam suɓaade terɗe suudu sarɗiiji ngenndi ; ko ɓuri heewde e Action Group e nder suudu nduu ina waawi haɗde Azikiwe yahde suudu sarɗiiji.[104] O heɓi jooɗorde asamblee diiwaan oo gila Lagos, kono lannda luulndo ngoo wiyi ina jogii ɓural e nder suudu sarɗiiji, Azikiwe kadi daranaaki Lagos e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde. E hitaande 1951, o wonti hooreejo luulndo laamu Obafemi Awolowo to suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan hirnaange. Azikiwe suɓaaka e nder batu ngenndi, waɗii jiiɓru e nder hirnaange.[105] Nanondiral hakkunde terɗe NCNC cuɓaaɗe ummoriiɗe Lagos ngam woppude Azikiwe so tawii o suɓaaka, yanii. Azikiwe tuumi doosgal leydi, o yiɗi ko waylooji mbaɗee. NCNC (mo jiimi e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange) jaɓi, e ƴettude peeje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi.[106]

Azikiwe ummiima to Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1952,[107][108] e batu diiwaan mo NCNC ɓuri heewde oo waɗi eɓɓooje ngam jaɓɓaade mo. Hay so tawii jaagorɗe diiwaan e hakkundeeje lannda kaa ɗaɓɓiraama yo njokku laamu e nder mbayliigu kabine, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe njaɓaani ɗaɓɓaande ndee.[109] Ndeen asaambele diiwaan oo waɗii woote ngam waasde hoolaade jaagorɗe ɗee, kadi kuule appropriation neldaaɗe to ministeer oo njaɓaaka.[81] Ɗum addani diiwaan hee ŋakkere, lietnaa-guwerneer oo fusi galle diiwaan oo. Woote kese ngartiri Azikiwe e wonde tergal Asammbele Fuɗnaange. O suɓaama hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o laati hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1954 nde ɗum warti kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya.

== Premier diiwaan Fuɗnaange ==
Azikiwe wonti hooreejo leydi diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1954 caggal nde doosgal kesal waɗtaa e golle. Komisiyoŋ faggudu diiwaan Fuɗnaange Azikiwe gollondirii e Orop e Amerik worgo ngam wallitde ƴellitaare e nder diiwaan hee, e nder njulaagu, e nder njulaagu nebam leɗɗe, e nder njamndi e kemikal e nder diiwaan hee. O mahii sosiyetee semmbe Nijeer lolluɗo to Nkalagu e nder diiwaan Ebonyi hannde oo, o fuɗɗii golle ñalnde 1 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 1955. O mahii gaas Nijeer. O sosi kadi sosiyetee gadano e nder leydi Nijeer, biyeteeɗo Niger Steel. O sosi banke ɓiɓɓe lesdi Naajeeriya arandeejo, Banke Afrik (ACB). Ummingo ACB waɗi ngomnati Hirnaange lesdi Naajeeriya sosde Banki lesdi Naajeeriya, ngomnati woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya darni banki woylaare. ACB ina waɗi nafoore e feeñde e fedde njulaagu mawnde to Fuɗnaange gila e kitaale 1950. Banki oo kadi waɗii geɗe keewɗe e ƴellitaare gonnooɗo Biafrannaaɓe e darnugol hareeji e hitaande 1970. O sosi porogaraam jaŋde baawɗo rokkude leydi Naajeeriya wontude leydi ɓurndi yaajde e yeeyde jaŋde caggal leydi e nder Afrik.

Azikiwe sosi fedde ƴellitaare fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, nde waɗii darnde mawnde e mahngo duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Nsukka, duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde gadanal e nder leydi ndi, ngal timmungal, e hitaande 1960. Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya sosaa ko ñalnde 18 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1955, caggal nde sariya ngam sosde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ngal e les njiimaandi Inter- Council Jaŋde e caggal leydi e njuɓɓudi gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele (jooni USAID), J.W. Cook (VC mo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Exeter), Dr John A. Hannah (Hooreejo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Michigan State), e Dr Glen L. Taggart, Deenoowo Porogaraamuuji hakkunde leyɗeele (MSU), ngarii e leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1958. Goomu nguu ƴeewtindiima nokku oo to Nsukka, e wiɗtude no feewi geɗe keewɗe ceertuɗe jowitiiɗe e sosde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde kesal.

Hayre nden waɗaama wakkati juulde jeytaare lesdi Naajeeriya, nde laamiiɗo debbo Alexandra mo Kent, laamiiɗo debbo Elizabeth II, wadi ɗum. Kalaasuuji puɗɗii ko ñalnde 17 oktoobar 1960 e binnditagol 220 almuudo e 13 tergal gollordu jaŋde. Nde laati Jaami'aare arandeere nder Naajeeriya, jaami'aare arandeere nde laamu lesdi Naajeeriya sosi, nden nder hitaande 1963, jaami'aare arandeere hokkata dipolomaaji lesdi Naajeeriya.[110]

E hitaande 1957, Azikiwe haaliino e nulaaɓe Angalteer e Naajeeriya e nder batu Lancaster House e hitaande 1957, ɗo doosɗe fedde nde ngam Naajeeriya jeytaare mum feewnaa. Joɗnde nde ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Biritaan ardii, waɗii won e nulaaɓe leydi Najeriya. Ardii dental ngal ko Abubakar Tafawa Balewa mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare, Obafemi Awolowo mo fedde Action, Eyo Ita mo lannda ngenndiijo jeytaare e Ahmadu Bello mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare.

Ñalnde 3 feebariyee 1959, Azikiwe jaɓɓiima Kwame Nkrumah (gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Gana keso toɗɗaaɗo) njillu to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer. O yilli suudu joonde diiwaan fuɗnaange e wondude e wondiiɓe makko, Hon. Jaagorgal ko feewti e geɗe caggal leydi, hono Kodjo Botsio e wasiyaaji ko feewti e geɗe Afrik, hono George Padmore. Nnamdi Azikiwe huutoriima ñalngu nguu, to suudu sarɗiiji fuɗnaange, ngam waɗde konngol teddinoowo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Nkrumah, o siftini no Kwame dartiniri golle Afrik.

Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1959, Azikiwe lomtii Michael Okpara, gardiiɗo diiwaan fuɗnaange. Ñalnde 28 oktoobar 1959, guwerneer seneraal Robertson habrii fusde suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, tawi ina waɗi 184 tergal, tuggi 1 noowammbar 1959, mbele woote jeytaare ina mbaɗee.

Ñalnde 12 desaambar 1959, woote parlemaa mbaɗaama to Nijeer ngam ƴamde 312 jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji. Diɗɗal lesdi Naajeeriya e Kamerun (NCNC) ngal Azikiwe woni arandeere nden heɓi 2,594,577 woote e 89 jooɗorde.

Fedde Awolowo (AG), woni 2ɓo e 1 992, 364 woote e 75 jooɗorde. Kongres yimɓe woylaare lesdi Tafawa Balewa (NPC) woni 3ɓo e 1 922 179 e 148 e nder 312 jooɗorde nder suudu sarɗiiji.

Lanndaaji tati mawɗi ɗi e nder woote ɗee mbaawaano heɓde jooɗorɗe keewɗe ngam sosde laamu. Guverneur général Robertson noddi Tafawa Balewa yo o dañ laamu ngu. Ñalnde 16 desaambar, Ahmadu Bello e Tafawa Balewa etinooma yettaade nanondiral ngam waawde jogaade laamu nguu hakkunde NPC e NCNC. Governor General humpitaama e kawral ngal, ko ɗum waɗi o jaɓi kabine sappo e jeegom mo Balewa suɓii.[111][112]

== Ndimaagu leydi Naajeeriya ==
Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 1960, parlemaa leydi Biritaan ƴetti kuulal jeytaare leydi Najeriya, hitaande 1960, ngal hokki ndimaagu leydi Najeriya. Jamma 30 suwee 1960, laana ndiwoowa British Union Jack jippinaa e kewu mawningol, tawi tedduɓe tawtoraama. Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 1960, laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Alexandra lomtotooɗo laamɗo debbo oo, udditi Parlemaa gadano leydi ndii. Doosgal kesal, sosngal njuɓɓudi fedde nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe cuɓaaɗo e hooreejo leydi kewu sosaa. Laamu kawtal NCNC e NPC woni laamu nde Naajeeriya heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, Sir Tafawa Balewa woni hooreejo leydi ndi, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo Senaa.

Ɓooytaani, Azikiwe lomtii Sir James Robertson, wonti Guwerneer Seneraal gadano e nder leydi ndii. Kono e nder doosɗe leydi Najeriya, guwerneer jeneral ko hooreejo leydi tan. Darnde Guwerneer-General e terɗe Diisnondiral Laamɗo debbo, mbaɗti Azikiwe dow politik lannda. Kabinee hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya arandeere Tafawa Balewa hawti bee; M Johnson, Bukar Dipcharima, Ayo Rosiji, Aja Wachukwu, Kolawole Balogun, e Victor Mukete (Kamerun), Samuel Akintola, Raymond Njoku, Alhaji Ribadu, Kingsley O. Mbadiwe, Festus Okotie-Eboh, e Allaji Inua Wada.[113][14]

Sir Tafawa Balewa waɗii konngol mum to nokku biyeteeɗo Race Course (hannde ko nokku Tafawa Balewa) to Lagos e nder ñalɗi jeytaare leydi ndii. E nder konngol makko o wiyi, &quot;Kewu hannde oo ko ñalngu nguu, ko ñalngu nguu fuɗɗii duuɓi sappo e joyi jooni, ngu yettiima ɗo haaɗi. Ko e manngu laaɓtungu, min mbiyata ko keɓgol Jeytaare men ngol alaa ko nanndi e mum e nder annals daartol. Kala taƴre men nde ina waɗi planfuncelly e dow doosgal men e kaaldigal udditiingal, wonaa tan hakkunde wakili’en denndaangal nafooje ceertuɗe e nder leydi Najeriya kono ko e ballondiral e laamu njuɓɓudi ndi hannde woppi laamu mum.&quot;[115]

== Gomnajo lesdi Naajeeriya ==
Nde ngon-mi suka mi yi’i gite: gite Naajeeriya wonta leydi mawndi e nder duunde Afrik ummotoonde; visions of Nigeria hokkata ndimu haa ɓe nder maccungaaku, e heɓugo laawol demokaraasi ngam ɓe ɗonno lulla nder illusion of security les laamu koloñaal..Miɗo hooli mi hoyɗan koyɗi am nder jam e ɓeydaari cemmbiɗinki yimɓe leydi am Naajeeriya. Motto fedde jeytaare leydi Naajeeriya woni Kawtal e Nuɗɗinki. Miɗo ñaagii nde ndeenten ngootaagu men, ndeentoo goonɗinal men.

— Nnamdi Azikiwe (duuɓi 1960, Londres)[116]

Azikiwe ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, hono Harold Macmillan, wasiyii mo yo lomto Sir James Robertson, e nder njillu makko to Lagos e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1960. Joɗnde Guwerneer-Jeneral fedde nde e nder haala tiitoonde, waɗi mo wakiliijo laamɗo leydi Angalteer to leydi Nijeer. Udditgol Azikiwe e lewru noowammbar 1960, seedtiima yoga e gollodiiɓe makko e nder Atlantik ɓaleejo, won heen ko Martin Luther King Jr. Du Bois, Sirli Graham Du Bois, Ami Jak Garvey, e Joorji S. Suyler.[117] Martin Luther King Jr. hollitii wonde hareeji ndimaagu e nder leydi Nijeer e nder leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ina njogii batte keewɗe e dille jojjanɗe aadee Amerik, o siftini wonde Azikiwe e ardiiɓe Afrik woɗɓe ko &quot;jaambaarooji ɓurɗi lollude e ko ɓuri heewde e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Negro en aduna o.&quot;

Haa timminorde haala maako, Zik wi'i, &quot;min, ɓe mbaawata siftoreede no haanirta nii, min mbaɗi Naajeeriya hannde, ɓe ngaddi ndimu nder leydi men, ɓe ndewi kawtal men bana lenyol&quot;, ko &quot;taariiha hokki yam geɓe mawɗe ngam mi heɓa batte duumotooɗe e ngam wadduki haaje yimɓe men.&quot; O wiyi kadi &quot;mi jogaaki miijo e wellitaare am walla hay kisal walla hay nguurndam e hoore mum, so tawii ko ɗeen ngoni coggu ngu pot-mi yoɓde ngam ardaade ngam hisnude ndimaagu e ngootaagu leydi am.&quot;[118]

Azikiwe tawtoraama batu diiwaan Afrik gadano Fedde Adunaare Golle (OIT), ngu yuɓɓinaa to Lagos, leydi Nijeer e lewru Duujal 1960. Tawtoraama heen: Mr. Johnson, jaagorgal golle leydi Nijeer e hooreejo batu nguu, Mr. Demby, jaagorgal golle leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, e David Director A-G19,[ ILO.19]. E lewru desaambar 1961 Fedde Ameriknaare Pinal Afrik (AMSAC) yuɓɓinii ñalngu mawngu e nder wuro Lagos, to leydi Nijeer. Yimɓe Ameriknaaɓe mawɓe ko wayi no Nina Simone, Langston Hughes, e Lionel Hampton njahii e yahdu AMSAC timmundu ngam semmbinde jokkondiral hakkunde Afriknaaɓe e Ameriknaaɓe/Afriknaaɓe. Ɓe njaɓɓaama e Azikiwe to Lagos.[120]

Ñalnde 17 noowammbar 1961, e nder konngol makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Najeriya to Nsukka, Zik hollitii eɓɓaande mum ngam Najeriya ƴettude doosgal leydi republique tawa ina heddii e tergal Commonwealth. E hitaande 1962, Azikiwe eeriima ardiiɓe Afrik e nder batu Lagos, yo cos fedde dowlaaji Afrik. Koolol Lagos ngol winnditii sarɗiiji eɓɓaaɗi ngam &quot;Fedde hakkunde Afrik e Malagasi&quot; e gardagol Azikiwe. Caggal ɗuum, nde jaɓaa e lewru mee 1963 e Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik.[121]

E hitaande 1963, Azikiwe yamiri gollorde gadane nde Guinness mahi caggal leydi Irlannda e Angalteer to Lagos

== Hooreejo leydi (1963-1966) ==
Leydi Naajeeriya sosaa ko ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa woni gardiiɗo jaagorɗe (hooreejo laamu) e Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo (hooreejo leydi) e hooreejo konu. Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Tafawa Balewa hollitii waylude doosgal leydi ndi 1960 ngam waylude Azikiwe e wonde Guwerneer Jeneral, e waylude tiitoonde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi kewu. Balewa hollitii wonde Azikiwe ina foti innireede hooreejo leydi e nder doosɗe leydi 1963 sabu leydi Naajeeriya meeɗaani yoɓde Dr. Ko zuum wazi, kuulal 157 doosgal leydi Najeriya 1963, tiitoonde mum ko Nnamdi Azikiwe ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, ina winndaa heen &quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe ina foti wonde hooreejo leydi e ñalngu ngu doosgal leydi ndi fuzzii.&quot;[122][123]

Ñalnde 30 lewru Duujal hitaande 1964, wooteeji feddeeji gadani e nder leydi Nijeer gila nde heɓi jeytaare mum. Woote ɗee njoofiima jonte keewɗe sabu luural hakkunde limoore inɗe gonɗe e doggol wooteeji ɗii e doggol binnditagol ngol. Lebbi jeegom caggal wooteeji ɗii, fotde 2 000 neɗɗo maayi e fitinaaji baɗnooɗi e nder diiwaan hirnaange.[124]

=== 1964 kiris e kuudetaa ===
Nigerian Daily Express wi'i nyande 3 mars 1964, &quot;Haa heɓugo ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960, eɓɓoore amin arandeere ngam anndugo ɗuuɗal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya laati kuugal limngal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1962. Hooreejo komitiiru limngal lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati man woni J. J. Warren. Njeñtudi limngal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyon ha Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa salii njeñtudi ndi o woppi Mr. Warren, o yamiri yo o riiwtu e hitaande 1963. Caggal nde o waɗi manipulaasiyoŋ, njeñtudi binnditagol ngol hollitii wonde Fuɗnaange ina les limtaa e miliyoŋaaji 8,5 e nder hitaande 1962 gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii ɓeydii dow limoore ndee haa 65,66 miliyoŋ woote fedde ndee e lewru desaambar 1964 ngaddi caɗeele mawɗe, ruppitii laamu kawral NPC e NCNC. Wooteeji ɗii mbaɗii boykotuuji keewɗi, njulaagu, hulɓinaare, njulaagu e fitinaaji ɗi Azikiwe waɗi haa o salii noddude gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Balewa ngam sosde laamu kesu. Balɗe seeɗa, jokkere enɗam apokaliptik ina jokki e dow leydi ndii haa nde Azikiwe ƴetti konngol e dow doosɗe leydi ndii.[126]

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Azikiwe resi debbo mum gadano biyeteeɗo Flora Azikiwe ñalnde 4 abriil 1936 to Akra, to Cote d’Or nde o woni gardiiɗo jaaynde Afrik subaka. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe nayo, ɓiɗɗo debbo gooto e ɓiɓɓe worɓe tato.

E hitaande 1973 Azikiwe resi debbo mum ɗiɗaɓo Uche Azikiwe nde o yahrata e duuɓi 26. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo.

== Posto hooreejo leydi e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ==
Laamu leydi Najeriya momti diiwanuuji feddeeji nay ɗii ñalnde 24 lewru mbooy hitaande 1966. Won e leƴƴi fuɗnaange fotde 115 neɗɗo mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik ñalnde 28 lewru mbooy-2 lewru juko hitaande 1966 ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966. Fotde 30 neɗɗo mbaraama e hareeji politik to Lagos ñalnde 29 sulyee-1 ut 1966, fotde 250 000 leñol fuɗnaange ndogi ummoraade e diiwaan Fuɗnaange fayde e diiwaan fuɗnaange caggal kuudetaa konu. Lietnaa Kolonel Yakubu Gowon huniima wonde hooreejo laamu konu fedde nde caggal kuudetaa konu, o artiri diiwanuuji fedde ndee nay ñalnde 31 ut 1966. Fotde 2 000 leñol Igbos mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange to4ctober L69 Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, guwerneer konu diiwal fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, anndinii dow diiwal ngal natti jaɓugo Gowon bana hooreejo laamu konu lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 2 mars 1967. Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon hoosi bawɗe timmuɗe bana komandaajo mawdo laamu e hooreejo laamu militaari7 ngam ardungal 1967. Gowon anndini laamu nguu ñalnde 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967. Ojukwu bayyini jeytaare leydi Biafra to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 caggal nde laamu fedde ndee teddinaani nanondiral Aburi.[127]

127 128 129 130 77.

Azikiwe e fuɗɗoode ina wallitnoo Biafra e anndinde ɗum e nder winndere ndee. O huutoriima doole makko politik ngam ardaade delegaasiyoŋ Biafra caggal leydi ngam jaɓde dowla jeytaare. E hitaande 1968, nde o yiyi batte hare ndee, o ñaagii Ojukwu nde o joofnata kaaldigal e Gowon, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Azikiwe woɗɗitii politik caggal wolde. O woniino hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos tuggi 1972 haa 1976. Jokkugol laamu konu e rokkude laamu laamu demokaraasi e hitaande 1979 rokki Azikiwe fartaŋŋe wartaade politik. O naati nder lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1978, o waɗi ɗaɓɓaande ardiiɗo leydi Naajeeriya nde o heɓi nasaraaku nder hitaande 1979 e hitaande 1983. O acci siyaasaaku haa abada ɓaawo kuudetaa konu nder hitaande 1983 nde Muhammadu Buhari ardii

=== Duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ===
Fitinaaji meeɗaay wonde kuutorgal ngal min kuutortoo, minen sosɓe leydi Najeriya, ngam safrude caɗeele politik. E nder aadaaji Angalteer, min kaaldii e Biro Koloñaal ngam jaɓde caɗeele amen ngam ŋakkeende e moƴƴere haala amen ngam laamu hoore mum. Caggal batuuji jeegom doosɗe leydi e hitaande 1953, 1954, 1957, 1958, 1959, e 1960, Angalteer rokkii en hakke ngam tabitinde jeytaare men politik gila 1 oktoobar 1960. Hay gooto e lanndaaji politik leydi Najeriya ɗi meeɗaani ƴettude jeytaare men politik e men happy violed to en meeɗaani jaɓde jeytaare men politik wonde hay toɓɓere ƴiiƴam Angalteer walla Najeriya rufaaka e nder hare men ngenndiire ngam nokku men e naange. Ndee ɗoo hujja daartol addani mi wiyde e yeeso yimɓe fof e nder leydi Najeriya wonde laamu nguu rokkii en laamu hoore mum e dow lowre kaŋŋe. Ko goonga, yonta am ina cemmbina mi, kono geɗe daartol ɗee ko ɗe njiyataa. Miɗo sikki ko ɓuri mettude ko ‘Sukaaɓe Turki’ men pellitii naatnude elemen mbayliigu bonngu e nder politik leydi Najeriya. No ɓe e renndo men fof mbaawirta ustude politikaaji tiiɗɗi, ma a taw nannguɗi, ko politik mo alaa hakkille. Mi jokki bee Seneraal Aguiyi-Ironsi, Ofiisaajo Seneraal Ardiido sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, mo mi faami, jooni o hoosi kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya. Miɗo sakka golle am ngam kala udditgol jam ngam haɗde ƴiiƴam ɓeydaade, ngam weltinde ofiseeji muusɗi ɗii, e artirde sariya e deeƴre. So mi nanii haala makko tan, mi waɗa peeje ngam hootde galle. Ko fayti e am, miɗo jogori warde ardiiɓe men politik e konu ko musiiba ngenndiijo.

— Jaabawol hooreejo leydi Nnamdi Azikiwe e kuudetaa konu gadano, hitaande 1966.[131]

Ñalnde 8 noowammbar 1989, jaayɗe ciifi e fenaande wonde Azikiwe maayii, sabu naamne jaayndiyanke BBC jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko. O artiri o wiyi &quot;mi yaawaani yaltude oo aduna, sabu ko kañum tan woni tagofeere nde nganndu-mi.&quot; E hitaande 1991, Azikiwe yahiino e udditgol nokku Nnamdi Azikiwe to Zungeru, nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, e juuɗe hooreejo leydi Ibraahiima Babangida. E nder ndunngu 1995, o rokki yeewtere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Pennsylvania e gardiiɗo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal.

Azikiwe maayi haa ñalnde 11 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1996, to opitaal janngirde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Enugu caggal nde o rafi ko juuti. O yahrata ko e duuɓi 91. Azikiwe rokkaama wirwirnde dowla e laamu Sani Abacha, caggal fotde jonte ɗiɗi kewuuji ngenndiiji. Ɓanndu makko nawaama e gure keewɗe teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndi ngam sunaare e teddungal. O wirnaa e wuro makko Onitsha ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1996, ñalnde wonnde ñalngu ngu o heɓi duuɓi 92. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde wiyeteende New York Times teskiima,

&quot;O toowii dow geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder Afrik, o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teddineede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko.&quot;[132]

E hitaande 2019, laamu hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari ƴettii golle timminde suudu ndu Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, ndu anndinaama ndu nokkuure nden.[133][134]

== Innde e ndonu daartol ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, ƴaañgal Afrik seediima laamuuji Orop ina peccii Afrik, ina kuutoroo jawdi aadee e tago. Ƴellitaare miijo politik Afrik feeñi ko e anniya yiylaade eɓɓoore miijo jaɓgol hoore mum e ngenndiyaŋkaagal pinal cemmbinngal. Ina jeyaa e daraniiɓe Pan Afrik, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Pilot ndimaagu leydi Nijeer. Nokku Azikiwe nder cosmology Naajeeriya ɗon yaaji haa darnde maako nde o jogi. O rokki ngenndiyaŋkaagal e hare jeytaare maanaa keso. Zik, e oon sahaa to duɗal Hope Waddel, ina anndi miijooji Marcus Garvey ko fayti e Pan-Afrik, teeŋtinoowo doole Afriknaaɓe, e rimɗinde Afrik e juuɗe Afriknaaɓe. Ɗum addani Zik naamnaade laawɗingol koloñaal e nder Afrik, tee ina jeyaa e ko Garvey wiyi ngam rimɗinde Afrik e laamuuji koloñaal. E wakkati nde Naajeeriya woni haa jooni mooɓre diiwalji feere-feere, anndalji e dente nokkuuje, Zik fuɗɗi ƴamɗe ngam heɓugo ndimu Naajeeriya e ngam sosde senngooji ɗi ngalaa lenyol, ɗi ngalaa leƴƴi ngam yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e yidde lesdi maɓɓe.[116][135]

Azikiwe yahiino to Amerik ɗo o janngi e jannginde e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ceertuɗe to Fuɗnaange, o yi’i weeyo ngo njiyaagu e ƴellitaare `Negro' radikal. O heɓi kadi ballal e hooreejo leydi Amerik e teeminannde 19ɓiire, hono James A Garfield, e dow huɗo ngam weltinde njiimaandi politik. Nde o arti e Afrik worgo, ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ngoƴa makko, ko ɗum waɗi, wonaa hare leydi, ngenndiyaŋkoore, kono ko hare winndereyankoore, winndereyankoore ngam leñol ɓaleejo. Ko o gardiiɗo jaaynde African Morning Post to Accra, tuggi 1935 haa 1937, Azikiwe heɓi ɗoon e ɗoon innde sabu jaayndeyaagal makko toowngal `American style' e ñiŋde cuusal makko e njuɓɓudi koloñaal, e ardiiɓe koloñaal kam e ardiiɓe Afrik nokkuuji ɗii. Semmbe makko ina yaaji e nder leyɗeele koloñaal Biritaan en fof, ko kanko woni doole guurɗe won e ardiiɓe Afrik hono Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, Dauda Jawara, Kenneth Kaunda e Milton Obote e woɗɓe.

Jaayndeyaagal Azikiwe kaɓanngal e ƴattooje ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e darnde makko e doole makko, kadi ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e ummital Naajeeriya. Azikiwe sosi fedde jaayndeyaagal wiyeteende Zik Group, nde o sosi e nde o yuɓɓini Pilot West African, nde o inniri « kaayitaaji ngenndiyaŋkooji ñaamooɓe yiite, doolnuɗi, ɓurɗi toowde ». E les njiimaandi Zik Group o wayli golle jaayɗe Afrik hirnaange, o hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore, o yaajtini nafoore makko e jogaade ko ina tolnoo e jaayɗe 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe Afriknaaɓe njiylotoo. Pilot Afrik hirnaange mawni no feewi gila e doggol adanngol ngol 6 000 ekkol ñalnde kala, haa e doggol ko ina ɓura 20 000 ekkol e tolno mum e kitaale 1950.[136][137][138]

Kaayitaaji keertiiɗi ɗi Nnamdi Azikiwe, hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya arandeejo, ɗon mari haaje nder suudu defte maako haa Nsukka, Naajeeriya. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen binndanɗe keertiiɗe, eɓɓaande ciimtol makko, binndanɗe dowla ummoraade e gardagol makko, binndanɗe politik jowitiiɗe e Republique Biafra, kaɓirɗe ummoraade e kampaañ Azikiwe e hitaande 1979 e 1983, kam e defte e jaayɗe seeɗa ɗe keewaani. Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Vanderbilt, e ballal kaalis e porogaraam defte binndaaɗe e nder defterdu UCLA, waɗii ɗeen geɗe dijital ngam sosde mooɓondiral geɗe puɗɗaaɗe jowitiiɗe e jaŋde leydi Najeriya e leydi Biafra [139]. Ndee ɗoo deftere ina heɓoo e dijital rewrude e defterdu UCLA[140]

=== Teddungal ===
Leydi Biritaan : Tergal e Diiso doosɗe leydi Biritaan, ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1960.[141] 

Komanda mawɗo fedde nde (GCFR).[142]

=== Degreeji teddungal ===
Azikiwe heɓi dipolomaaji teddungal 14 ummoraade e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Najeriya, Amerik e Liberiya, teeŋti noon :

Pennsylvanie 1946: Doktoor to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln

Virginia Hirnaange 1947: Doktoor ɓataakeeji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer

Washington, D.C. 1950: Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Howard heɓi Doktoraa mum to bannge sariya

Michigan 1959: Doktoor tedduɗo e sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Michigan[143]

Naajeeriya 1961: Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji (D.Litt.) to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Naajeeriya[144]

Liberiya 1969 : Doktoraa mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Liberiya

Pennsylvanie 1980 : Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji aadee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvanie

Woɗɓe ina mbaɗi dipolomaaji ummoraade e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, UNIZIK, e FUTO.[145]

=== Siftorde e monumndaaji ===

=== Kaalis e tammborɗe posto ===
Natal Azikiwe feeñii e kaalis ₦500 leydi Naajeeriya gila hitaande 2001. Natal makko ina tawee e limlebbi postooji ɗi ɓe peeñnini e hitaande 1964, gila ndeen kadi feeñii e limlebbi goɗɗi.[150]

=== E nder pinal leñol ===
Nguurndam Azikiwe gadana ko kanko winndi, yaltinaa e hitaande 1970, tiitoonde mum ko Odyssey am: nguurndam am.

Laamu leydi Naajeeriya sosi njeenaari Zik, njeenaari ardungal hitaande kala, e hitaande 1995, ngam teddinde Azikiwe.

E hitaande 2006, Ben Obi fuɗɗii yeewtere hitaandeere Zik ngam maayde golle moƴƴe e ndonu Azikiwe.[151]

Filoosofi jaŋde Azikiwe hollitaama e nder filmo binndaaɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya.[152]

E hitaande 2023, Fedde Duke Shomolu yaltinii pijirlooji tuugiiɗi e nguurndam e jamaanu Azikiwe.

Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Michigan State sosi ‘Fedde janngooɓe Afriknaaɓe hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe’ e hitaande 2023, ngam wallitde janngooɓe Afriknaaɓe hakkunde leyɗeele MSU to Afrik ngam wiɗtooji. Njeenaari ndii ko ngam teddinde Azikiwe mo gollodii e jannginooɓe MSU ngam mahde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya) to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya.

=== Teddungal aadaaji ===
Azikiwe naatnaa e renndo Agbalanze Onitsha e innde Nnanyelugo e hitaande 1946, ko ɗum anndinde worɓe Onitsha jogiiɓe golle maantiniiɗe. E hitaande 1962, o wonti mawɗo leydi ɗiɗaɓo (Ndichie Okwa) hono Obi Oziziani.[130] Mawɗo Azikiwe toɗɗaama bana Owelle-Osowa-Anya mo Onitsha nder hitaande 1972, ɗum waɗi mo ardiiɗo ronkaaku arandeejo (Ndichie Ume) nder caltal Igbo nder laamiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya.[107]

== Miijooji politik ==
Zikism; ko miijo politik ɓurngo lollude e Nnamdi Azikiwe, faandaare mum ko ustude hakkillaaji sukaaɓe Afriknaaɓe. E sahaa nde dowlaaji Afrik ngonnoo e les njiimaandi Angalteer, Zik ƴetti filosof mum politik, hono miijo mbayliigu. Canons jowi Zikism woni &quot;Balans Ruuhu&quot;, &quot;Regeneration Sociale&quot;, &quot;Determinism Faggudu&quot;, &quot;Emancipation Mentale&quot;, e &quot;Ummital Politik&quot;. E werlaade annoore ɓurnde laaɓtude e canons, Azikiwe teeŋtinii, &quot;Ko adii fof, mi ƴettii konngol balance spirituel ngam hollirde ndimaagu teskinngu e nder ɓernde, miijo e miijo... Ɗiɗaɓere, mi mahii ƴellitaare renndo ngam hollirde ndimaagu fedde e ndimaagu diisnondiral .. Tataɓol, mi ventured e nder faggudu taprocie so I goongɗini Mi lootii hono ngool ngonka nguurndam determinism faggudu, sabu miɗo gooŋɗini miijo Karl Marx e firo faggudu daartol e nder lewru e nder Afrik fof... Nayaɓol ngol, mi fellitii waɗde yah-ngartaa e nder fannuuji hakkille ... Ko ɗum waɗi mi ƴetti tesis wonde emancipaasiyoŋ hakkille ina haani wonande Afriknaaɓe jannguɓe bonɓe. Joyaɓere ... alaa ko waawi sikkeede e Risorgimento politik Afriknaajo, nde tawnoo wellitaare ɗeen sarɗiiji ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu nguurndam, ndimaagu, e jokkude wellitaare.&quot;

Weltaare Neo; Azikiwe huutoriima pinal Afriknaaɓe e faggudu Afriknaaɓe ko adii koloñaal ngam ƴellitde miijo makko faggudu Neo-Welfarist, o wasiyii eklektisism e pragmatism ngam wonde tuugnorgal filosofi wonande neo-welfarism.[153]

Pragmatisme eklektik; Eklektik-pragmatism wonande Azikiwe ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade haa teeŋti e goongaaji keewɗi fannuuji faggudu e politik. Ko feere etaade yuɓɓinde miijooji nannduɗi e luurondirɗi, wonaa e safrude luural, kono ko e suɓaade e hawrude e ko nafata e ko waawi huutoreede e kala heen ngam heɓde paandaale yiɗde. Nii woni, pragmatisme eklektik ina wayi no ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade caɗeele Afrik e nder ƴeewndorɗe ceertuɗe e teskinɗe ɗe njiylotonoo ɗe.[154]

=== Golle ===
Zik (1961)

Odiseeji am (1971)

Afrik keso (1973)

Liberiyaa e nder politik winndere (1931)

——— (hitaande 1966). Teemedere Ciimtol Ciimtol e Yimre Rt. Hon. Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe. Duɗal njuɓɓudi e karallaagal. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2736-09-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

Sifaa siyaasaaku ngam lesdi Naajeeriya (1943)

Faggudu leydi Naajeeriya (1943)

Zik: Cuɓagol konnguɗi Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe (1961)

Daartol warngo: Goonga walla fenaande? (1946)

Ko adii men ina woodi yanaande udditiinde (1947)

Jaango Pan-Afrik (1961)

Goongaaji ngootaagu Afrik (1965)

Iwdi wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya (1969)

Mi ɗon nuɗɗina Naajeeriya gooto (1969)

Eɓɓooje jam ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya (1969)

Kaaldigal dow Laamorde Kesum ngam Naajeeriya (1974)

Taggol lesɗe ɗuuɗɗe nder Naajeeriya, limngal siyaasaaku (1974)

Demokaraasi e jeertinaango konu (1974)

Reorientaasiyoŋ miijooji Najeriya : yeewtere ñalnde 9 lewru Duujal hitaande 1976, e ñalngu udditgol kaalis dokkal UNN (1976)

Hare men ngam Ndimaagu; Kiriis luumo Onitsha (1976)

Njaafoɗen Ɓiɓɓe Men. Eeraango feewde e ardiiɓe e yimɓe Onitsha e nder caɗeele luumo (1976)

Koolol jimɗi (1977)

Soliloquies wolde nder leydi: Ko ɓuri heewde e jimɗi (1977)

Teemedde e nder miijo renndo e politik Afrik (1978)

Gartirgol Demokaraasi Naajeeriya (1978)

Golle ɓennuɗe ɗe ngalaa nanndo: Jaabawol am e caɗeele mawɗo Awolowo (1979)

Haala ɓernde (1979)

——— (hitaande 1980). Miijo ngam Naajeeriya: Kapitaalisma, Sosiyaalisma walla Weltaare?. Makmilan leydi Nijeer. h. 196. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9789781325212&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

——— (hitaande 1983). Bonannde Hoolaare e NPN.

——— (hitaande 1983). Daartol Maa Ƴeewto Goongɗinɓe.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Ngenndiyankaagal Afrik

Filoosofi Zikist

Njeenaari Zik

== Tuugnorgal ==
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      <text bytes="78405" sha1="75za5g2q60j1do464wpisedt7oiffnv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe'''GCFR PC (HeɗtoR; 16 noowammbar 1904 – 11 [[lewru]] mee 1996),&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe {{!}} president of Nigeria|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|access-date=2022-03-26|website=[[Britannica]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya ko '''Zik mo Afrik''', ko o dawriyanke, laamuyanke, e hooreejo leydi Nijeer, o woniino hooreejo leydi Nijeer gadano gila e hitaande 1960 haa e hitaande 1960 (1963-1966).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=French|first=Howard W.|date=1996-05-14|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; O ɗon laara no baaba lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nden bo o ɗon nder ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 1960.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-10-01|title=Heroes of the struggle for Nigeria's independence/pioneer political|url=https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-05-24|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=On this day in 1904 Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe, was born in Zungeru, Niger State, North-Central Nigeria|url=http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|date=2017-11-16|website=[[Jay FM]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805081611/http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Crowcroft|first=Barnaby|title=The Radical Nationalist as Constitutional Head of State: Nigeria, 1960–66|date=2020|work=Viceregalism: The Crown as Head of State in Political Crises in the Postwar Commonwealth|pages=179–202|editor-last=Kumarasingham|editor-first=H.|series=Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-46283-3_7|isbn=978-3-030-46283-3|s2cid=226564363}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Azikiwe jibinaa ko [[Zungeru]] e nder [[Diiwal Niger|diiwaan Niger]] hannde oo, jibnaaɓe [[Igbo]] en ummoriiɓe [[Onitsha]], [[Diiwal Anambra|diiwaan Anambra]], Azikiwe janngi ɗemngal Hausa ngal woni ɗemngal ɓurngal mawnude e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange. Caggal mum o neldaa hoɗde e neene makko e neene makko to wuro makko [[Onitsha]], ɗo o janngi ɗemngal [[Igbo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=chuku|first=gloria|title=Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi|year=2011|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-0239|work=Dictionary of African Biography|access-date=2023-12-13|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.013.0239|doi-broken-date=1 July 2025|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jooɗnde haa lesdi [[Lagos]] hokki mo jannguki ɗemngal [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], nden wakkati o ɗonno haa janngirde mawnde, o anndi finaa-tawaa [[Naajeeriya]] feere-feere, nden o wolwi ɗemɗe tati mawɗe [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Aguolu|first1=C. C.|last2=Aguolu|first2=L. E.|date=1997|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, First President of Nigeria: A Force in Library Development in Nigeria|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199|journal=World Libraries|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|issn=2155-7896}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe ina yahra no feewi. O ummii ko [[Amerik]] ɗo o inniraa '''Ben Azikiwe''', o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard. O jokkondiri e laamuuji koloñaal e ɗaɓɓaande ngam wallitde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e nder Olimpiyaaji Los Angeles 1932 nde tawnoo ko kanko kadi woni atletee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/03086539908583061|title='Managing nationalism': The colonial office and Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1932–43|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=143–158|year=1999|last=Flint|first=John E.}}&lt;/ref&gt; O arti [[Afrik]] ko e hitaande 1934, o fuɗɗii golle jaayndiyankaagal to Cote d’Or ([[Gana]] hannde oo). E nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange Biritaan, Azikiwe ina daranii wonde daraniiɗo politik e jaayndiyanke, ngam ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e [[Afrik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Azikiwe fights for Africa|date=7 January 1950|work=New York Amsterdam News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol==
'''Sukaaɓe''' : '''jaŋde e mbaydi ƴeew tiitoonde'''

Kartal pelle ɗemɗe [[Naajeeriya]]: Azikiwe jibinaa ko e diiwaan Fuɗnaange e nder leydi ndi. Leydi taaniraaɓe makko, [[Onitsha]], woni ko e bannge Fuɗnaange-rewo ngenndi ndii.)

Azikiwe jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1904 to [[Zungeru]], to Fuɗnaange Nijeer. Innde makko adannde, &quot;Nnamdi&quot;, nde jibnaaɓe makko ndokki mo ko innde [[Igbo Eze South|Igbo]] nde firti ko &quot;baaba am ina wuuri&quot;. Baaba makko, Obed-Edom Chukwuemeka Azikiwe, jeyaaɗo to [[Onitsha]], ko o binndoowo e nder laamu Angalteer to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Thomas A. Johnson|date=1972-09-14|title=Nigerian Urges Uses of the Past|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/09/14/archives/nigerian-urges-uses-of-the-past-says-colonialism-left-some-things.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yumma makko Rachel Chinwe Ogbenyeanu Azikiwe (jibinaa ko Aghadiuno), mo sahaa e sahaa fof ina wiyee « Nwanonaku »&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: My Odyssey|chapter=I: My Genealogy and Nativity|publisher=Spectrum Books|date=1970|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of NNamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-06|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ko ɓiɗɗo debbo tataɓo Aghadiuno Ajie&lt;ref name=&quot;PT&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;, iwdi galle laamɗo to Onitsha; mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Ugogwu Anazenwu, ko Obi [[Onitsha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;PT2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ina joginoo miñi mum gooto, miñi mum debbo, ina wiyee Cecilia Eziamaka Arinze.&lt;ref name=&quot;PT3&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nde o woni suka, Azikiwe ina haalda ɗemngal [[Hausa language|Hausa]], ɗemngal diiwaan oo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, first president of Nigeria: A force in Library development in Nigeria.|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199/154|last=Aguolu and Aguolu|first=C.C and L.E|date=1997|journal=World Libraries|volume=7|issue=2|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaba makko, ina wondi e sunaare e 6icfcfo makko e 6amtaare [[Hausa language|Hausa]] wonaa [[Igbo]], neli mo to [[Onitsha]] e hitaande 1912 ngam hocfde e neene makko e neene makko ngam janngude 6emngal e pinal [[Igbo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Oha&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Oha|first1=Obododimma|title=Heroes of knowledge versus dragons of ignorance: language, identity construction, and intertextuality in Nnamdi Azikiwe's &quot;My Odyssey&quot;|url=http://motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/MP2303oo.html|website=motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/|access-date=8 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; To [[Onitsha]], Azikiwe janngi Duɗal Trinity Seniiɗo (duɗal misiyoŋaaji katolik en) e Duɗal Eklesiya Almasiihu (duɗal leslesal Angalteer).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concodiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (2)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concodiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-2/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2016-12-14|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1914, nde baaba makko ina gollina to Lagos, Azikiwe yani e puccu ; ɗum addani baaba makko kulɓiniiɗo neldude mo to [[Lagos]], mbele omo sella, omo jokka jaŋde e nder wuro ngo.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Ndeen o naati duɗal sukaaɓe Wesleyan, anndiraangal hannde duɗal sukaaɓe ''Methodist'', [[Lagos]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=history – MGHS|url=https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004232208/https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaba makko neldaama [[Kaduna]] duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Azikiwe jooɗii seeɗa e banndiiko gooto resnduɗo juulɗo ummoriiɗo [[Siyeraa Leyoon]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1918, o arti [[Onitsha]], o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal hakkundeewal CMS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-05-09|title=Benjamin Nnamdi &quot;Zik&quot; Azikiwe (1904–1996)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/azikiwe-benjamin-nnamdi-zik-1904-1996/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ndeen golliima e duɗal ngal ko almuudo-jannginoowo,{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} ina wallita yumma mum e ngalu mum.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1920, baaba makko artiraa to Protectorat Sud Nigeria, to wuro [[Calabar]]. Azikiwe hawri e baaba mum to [[Calabar]], o fuɗɗii jaŋde toownde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; O naati e janngirɗe Marcus Garvey,&lt;ref name=&quot;Timesdigit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|work=The Times|location=London, England|date=14 May 1996|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garveyism, ɗe ngonti huunde himmunde e haala makko ngenndiyaŋkaagal.
[[File:Azikiwe with parents.png|thumb|Azikiwe e jibnaaɓe mum, c. Kitaale 1910]]
Caggal nde o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell,&lt;ref name=&quot;Yearbook1962&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Nigeria Year Book 1962|publisher=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|year=1962|pages=112}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe artiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Methodist, to [[Lagos]], o seerti e wondiiɓe makko ummoriiɓe e galleeji ɓooyɗi Lagos ko wayi no George Shyngle, Francis Cole e Ade Williams (ɓiy [[Akarigbo mo Remo|Akarigbo Remo]]). Ɗee jokkondiral naftorii caggal ɗuum e golle makko politik to [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley ''Boys'' o ɓuri waawde jaŋde makko, o rokki deftere ina wiyee « gila e Log Cabin haa e galle ''White House'' », ko ɗum woni nguurndam [[James A. Garfield]], gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi [[Amerik]], umminooɗo e huɗo haa e moƴƴere. Deftere ndee ina addana mo pellital heɓde nafoore e nguurndam. Azikiwe nanii yeewtere [[James Aggrey]], jannginoowo mo miijii wonde Afriknaaɓe ina poti heɓde jaŋde kolees caggal leydi, ɓe ngarta e waɗde waylo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Esele, Amos|date=21 November 1994|title=Ninety hearty cheers!|work=The Week|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde yeewtere ndee joofi, Aggrey rokki suka Azikiwe doggol duɗe jaɓɓotooɗe almudɓe ɓaleeɓe to [[Amerik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}}

Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri golle koloñaal, o jaɓaa wonde binndoowo to departemaa kaalis. Wakkati maako nder kuugal koloñaal, holli mo limngal njiyaagu nder laamu koloñaal.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=69}} Suɓaade Azikiwe janngude to Amerik e nokku Angalteer, ko batte Doktoor James Kwegyr Aggrey, nguurndam hooreejo leydi A. Garfield e Abraham Lincoln, Pan-Afriknism Marcus Garvey e woodgol ballal wonande almudɓe waasɓe, tawi alaa ko heɓaa e Angalteer. E pellital yahde caggal leydi ngam ɓeydaade jaŋde, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to U.S. O jaɓaa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer College, tawi ko e dow ballal makko e yiytude laawol feewde [[Amerik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Commencement address at Storer delivered by African alumnus|date=14 June 1947|work=New Journal and Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngam yettaade [[Amerik]], o jokkondiri e laana ndiwoowa, o waɗi e makko nanondiral ngam wonde stowaway.&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono gooto e sehilaaɓe makko wonnooɓe e laana kaa rafi, ɓe wasiyii yo ɓe njippo e Sekondi. To leydi [[Gana]], Azikiwe golliima ko polis ; yumma makko yilliima, o wiyi mo yo o hoot leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. O arti, baaba makko jaɓi wallitde mo yahde [[Amerik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Heroes of the Past – Nnamdi Azikiwe – Everything But Coffee|url=https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805024303/https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harpers Ferry, to Virginie worgo. Ngam yoɓde nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko, o golliima golle keewɗe ɗe ngalaa nafoore hade makko winnditaade to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard to Washington, D.C. e hitaande 1927 ngam heɓde dipolomaaji makko e ganndal politik. E hitaande 1929, o ummii duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard o fayi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln ngam timminde jaŋde makko leslesre, o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko BA e ganndal politik e hitaande 1930.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crisis-Jan1966&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OnlineNigeria&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/people/ad.asp?blurb=66|title=Biography of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|access-date=2007-09-05|work=[www.onlinenigeria.com]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikwe ƴettii kursuuji e Alain Locke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Getachew|first=Adom|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv3znwvg|title=Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination|date=2019|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-17915-5|pages=7|doi=10.2307/j.ctv3znwvg|jstor=j.ctv3znwvg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe wonnoo ko tergal e fedde nde.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Politics and Leadership|url=http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502181928/http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2007|website=Phi Beta Sigma|access-date=7 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndeen o naatii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln to Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e sahaa gooto e hitaande 1930, o heɓi dipoloma makko ko fayti e diine e filosofi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e hitaande 1932, o heɓi kadi dipoloma makko ko fayti e anthropologie to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e hitaande 1933&lt;ref name=&quot;UPenn&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|title=Alumni, Faculty, and Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania Who Have Served as Heads of State or Government|access-date=2007-09-05|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania|University Archives and Records Center University of Pennsylvania]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205032053/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|archive-date=5 February 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/zik.asp|title=Nigeria – Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|website=www.onlinenigeria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Azikiwe wonti jannginoowo dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, ɗo o sosi janngirde daartol [[Afrik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=41}} O woniino kanndidaa ngam heɓde dipolomaaji doktoraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] hade makko hootde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e hitaande 1934.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Azikiwe May Accept Position in Liberia|date=21 July 1934|work=The New York Amsterdam News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wiɗtooji doktoraa Azikiwe ɗii ɓuri teeŋtude ko e Liberiya e nder politik winndere, e binndol makko ngol A. H. Stockwell yaltini e hitaande 1934. E nder sahaa mo o woni to [[Amerik]], o woniino winndiyanke to jaaynde Afro-Ameriknaare Baltimore, to Philadelphia Tribune e to jaaynde Associated Negro Press.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ina joginoo miijooji jaayndeeji [[Afrik]]-[[Amerik]], Garveyism e Pan-Afriknaaɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Feddeeji e renndooji ===
Fedde sukaaɓe worɓe kerecee en, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27)

Cub hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928)

Fedde binndol Stylus to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1923)

Fedde hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] (1930-32)

Fedde nguurndam, Duɗal Anthropoloji Laamu (1933)

Fedde nguurndam, fedde faggudu laamɗo (1934)

Tergal nguurndam, Fedde Angalteer ngam ɓamtaare ganndal (1947)

Fedde Ameriknaare ngam sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele (1933–34)

Fedde Annduɓe Anthropoloji Amerka (1932-1934)

Fedde ganndal siyaas Amerik (1933-34)

Fedde Annduɓe Leƴƴi Amerka (1933-34)

Koolol ganndal siwil to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1934)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anike|url=http://repository.unizik.edu.ng/bitstream/123456789/429/1/master%2C%2BAnike.pdf|website=repository.unizik.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Azikiwe playing American Football, Storer College, 1926.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe ina fija fuku [[Amerik]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926)]]

== Golle atletik ==
E fuɗɗoode golle makko, Azikiwe ina yahra e boks, atletik, njulaagu, fuku koyɗe e tennis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crisis-Jan19662&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Football ko Biritaan en ngaddi ɗum e leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] nde ɓe koloni [[Afrik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://nnu.ng/post/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|website=Nigeria News Update.|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono kala ligues sosaaɗe, ko ɗe ceerndaaɗe. Nnamdi yi'i ɗum bana tooñannge nden o wurti bee hooreejo to bannge fijirle jokkirgol e siyaasaaku haa timmoode jamaanu koloñaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sports and the Modernity of Leisure in Nigeria: Stadium Space and the Symbolisms of Expressions, 1930–1980|url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/61376/OBASA-DISSERTATION-2015.pdf?sequence=1|last=Olusegun|first=Obasa|date=2015|website=repositories.lib.utexas.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1934, Zik haɗaama tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu leydi Nijeer jaɓaaka tawtoreede. Ɗum waɗii sahaa goɗɗo sabu iwdi makko Igbo, Zik fellitii wonde ina heddi, o yiɗi sosde fedde makko. Nnamdi sosi fedde Zik's ''Athletic Club'' (ZAC) nde udditanta dame mum ngam fijirde worɓe e rewɓe kala leƴƴi, leƴƴi, leƴƴi, e kala fannuuji leydi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nationalist Period|url=http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|website=Sports and Politics in British West/Central Africa|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805025704/http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1942, fedde nde yahi haa heɓi Ligue [[Lagos]] e Kop ''Memorial War''. Caggal ɗeen nafooje, Nnamdi udditi caɗeele ZAC goɗɗe e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] fof. E nder duuɓi wolde ZAC ina yaha njilluuji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe Facts|url=https://biography.yourdictionary.com/nnamdi-azikiwe|website=biography.yourdictionary.com|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Matchs'' ZAC ɗon waɗa nder lesdi ndi'i fuu, nden ɗum waɗi yimɓe [[Naajeeriya]] ɗon mari haaje kawtal e lesdi ndi'i ngam wallugo ɓe haɓugo ndimu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Establishment and the Achievements of the National Sports Commission in Nigeria|url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=osu1487093435463141&amp;disposition=inline|last=Abioye|first=Joseph Adegboyega|date=1980|website=etd.ohiolink.edu}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1949, won e fukuyaŋkooɓe ZAC tawtoraama njillu to Angalteer. E gartugol maɓɓe e njillu ngu ɓe njooɗii to Freetown, Siyeraa Leyoon, e leydi Najeriya fooli yimɓe nokku oo e golle 2. Ndee nasaraaku ko ɓuri duuɓi sappo ko adii jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya]], kono ko nde jibinannde kippu ngenndiijo leydi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigerians Love For Football; is it too much?|url=https://soccernet.ng/2015/03/nigerians-love-for-football-is-it-too.html|date=2015-03-23|website=Soccernet.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E joofnirde, caggal duuɓi hare, e hitaande 1959, jaagorde Angalteer cakkitiinde yalti NFA, ñalnde 22 ut 1960, jonte seeɗa ko adii jeytaare mum, [[Naajeeriya]] naati e fedde fuku koyɗe winndereere wiyeteende FIFA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pictures &amp; Documents: FIFA at 114, How Nigeria Became a Member|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|date=2018-05-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175655/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;Hay heen gootal waawaano wonde so wonaano Nnamdi Azikiwe. O hawti [[Naajeeriya]] bee fijirde nden o waddi hakkilo lesdi ndi'i wi'eteeɗum 'Nigerian-ness'.

=== Jaambaraagal dingiral ===
Sosɗo, ZiKs ''Athletic Club'' (e MRB. Oltun) ngam ɓamtugo fijooji, boksi, kirikit, njuulu e tennis nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]].

Gooliiɗo e yeeso, duɗal sukaaɓe metodist, [[Lagos]] (1921)

Jaagorgal, Diwgol toowngol, M.B.H.S, e Jaagorgal, Ñalngu Laamu (1921)

Jaagorɗo, tedduɗo, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27)

Jaagorgal &amp; Medaal kaŋŋe, Diwgol toowngol, Pijirlooji hakkunde duɗe HU (1926);

Medaal kaŋŋe, doggol leydi, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, e diwgol toowngol, kawgel kaalis to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926)

Medaal, Pentatlon, kawgel kolees Storer (1925)

Kapiteen, fedde janngirde Storer (1927)

Medaal kaŋŋe, taƴoowo leydi, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1921)

Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, maraton Laurel-Baltimore (1927)

Jaagorɗo, dogdu ɓaleeru, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928)

Kapiteen gooto, fedde fuku koyɗe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1930)

Doggol kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel ɗiɗmel hakkunde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cheyney (1930)

Medaal kaalis, doggudu kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel hakkunde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hampton Virginia (1931)

Jaaliiɗo toɓɓere, dogdu Baltimore (1929, 1930)

Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, dogdu Richmond (1931)

Toɓɓere Dowla, A.A.U. Kaɓirɗe hakkunde leyɗeele (1932)

Medaal kaŋŋe, dogdu 1 000 yard, Pijirlooji Kaledoni to Brooklyn, New York (1932)

Medaal kaŋŋe, Doggol Kilomeeteer gooto, e Doggol Kilomeeteer tati, Y MC.A. Pijirlooji, New York (1932)

Koppi kaalis, dogdu feccere kiloomeeteer, e keɓɗo kopporeeje kaalis e nder dogdu kiloomeeteer gooto, kawgel ñalngu ladde Demokaraasi, New Haven, Connecticut (1933)

Ɗiɗaɓo (e G.K Dorgu), kawgel tennis worɓe ɗiɗo Lagos, diɗɗal B (1938)

Nafooje (gorko Anchor), Kippu ZAC e nder kawgel njulaagu [[Lagos]] (1939)

Nasti ngam daranaago lesdi Naajeeriya nder fijirde Half-Mile e One Mile Run nder fijirde laamu lesdi Biritaniya nder hitaande 1934, ammaa A.A.A lesdi Biritaniya sali mo ngam 'daliilu karallaaku'. (Ngolɗoo jaɓgol addani mo winndude ɓataake lolluɗo, o woppi innde makko e ɗemngal Engele, hono Benjamin)

=== Tergal ===
Fedde fuku koyɗe Diamant (1922-24)

Fedde fijooji Merkiir to New York (1932-34)

Kaɓirgal tennis to Akra (1935-1937)

Patron, fedde fijirde Zik (gila 1956)

Hooreejo, Fedde Kirikit [[Naajeeriya]] (1940–44)

Hooreejo, Fedde Njulaagu [[Naajeeriya]] (1938–41)

Cukko hooreejo, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e boksi leydi Nijeer (gila 1949)

Hooreejo fedde fuku koyɗe diiwaan [[Lagos]] (1951-1954)

Hooreejo, Fedde Fijooji Amateur [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1952)

Hooreejo, Fedde ''Tennis'' Tabal [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1953)

Cukko Patron e tergal Goomu, Goomu Olimpiyaade Nijeer, e Fedde Pijirlooji Laamu Biritaan e ''Commonwealth'' (gila 1951)

&lt;ref&gt;Alegi, Peter (2010). African Soccerscapes: How a Continent Changed the World's Game. Ohio University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-89680-278-0}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ​&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Before Joining FIFA and CAF; Nigeria FA was Affiliated to the FA in England|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|date=2018-08-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804235509/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/nnamdi-azikiwe/|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: How do We Remember Nigeria's First President? – HistoryVille|date=16 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle binndol ==

=== Jaaynde jaayndeyaagal e tafngo ===
Rewɓe ɓee ndaranii yoɓde njoɓdi Angalteer e hitaande 1929, ko ɗum seedtini warngooji keewɗi e nder Opobo, tawi ko soldateeɓe Angalteer ardii ɗum en e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange. Azikiwe, nde nani kewu nguu, winndi winndannde ñaawoore tiitoonde mum ko ‘Warde rewɓe e nder leydi Nijeer’, nde o woni e janngude haa jooni to Amerik e hitaande 1930, e ɓataake mo o winndi e oon sahaa, daraniiɗo hakkeeji siwil ''Pan''-[[Afrik]], hono W. E. B. Du Bois. Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Azikiwe winndi deftere makko adannde wiyeteende ‘Liberia e nder politik winndere’ e hitaande 1931.

Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiriino wonde jaagorgal caggal leydi to leydi Liberiya, kono o saliima sabu o wonaa jeyaaɗo e leydi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist|work=The Journalist|url=https://www.thejournalist.org.za/pioneers/nnamdi-azikiwe-african-philosopher-scholar-and-eminent-journalist|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1934, nde Azikiwe warti [[Lagos]], o anndaa no feewi, o yi’aama no neɗɗo tedduɗo e won e renndo [[Lagos]] e [[Igbo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://www.ekwendigbo.com/index.php/en/profiles/blessed-memories/83-nnamdi-azikiwe|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805055431/http://www.ekwendigbo.com/index.php/en/profiles/blessed-memories/83-nnamdi-azikiwe|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 August 2020|website=www.ekwendigbo.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; O jaɓɓaama e juuɗe yimɓe seeɗa, kolliri binndi makko to [[Amerik]] ina laaɓi ina njottii [[Naajeeriya]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=38}} To leydi Nijeer, faandaare Azikiwe adannde ko heɓde darnde fotnde e jaŋde makko ; caggal ɗaɓɓaande keewnde nde o heɓaani (ina heen ngam heɓde posto janngingol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'', [[Lagos]]), o jaɓi ɗaɓɓaande jom jawdi en [[Gana|Ganaa]] biyeteeɗo Alfred Ocansey ngam wonde gardiiɗo sosɗo jaaynde wiyeteende ''African Morning Post'', jaaynde hesere ñalnde kala to [[Accra]], [[Gana|Ganaa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-01-07|title=Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://thenigerianhistory.wordpress.com/dr-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|website=our history|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; O rokkaama junngo ngam dogginde jaaynde ndee, o ƴetti gollotooɓe mum heewɓe e asliiji ɗii.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Azikiwe winndi &quot;''The Inside Stuff by'' Zik&quot;, deftere nde o winndi e nder mum ko fayti e ngenndiyaŋkaagal radikal e manngu ɓaleejo, ko ɗum addani won e kulhuli e nder dingiral koloñaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African graduate of Lincoln creates stir in his native land|date=22 August 1936|work=New Journal and Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko o editor, o ƴelliti ajendaaji ngenndiyaŋkooɓe daraniiɓe [[Afrik]].&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuri Smertin siftinii binndol makko ngol ko, &quot;binndanɗe cemmbinɗe e haalaaji renndo ɗi cemmbini njuɓɓudi koloñaal gonndi ndii : keeri hakke Afriknaaɓe hollirde miijooji mum en, e njiyaagu njiyaagu&quot;. Yuri kadi ñiŋii ɓeen Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e ‘elite’ renndo koloñaal, yiɗɓe jogaade njuɓɓudi gonndi ndii, nde tawnoo ɓe njiyri ɗum ko « tuugnorgal wellitaare maɓɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://thenigerianhistory.wordpress.com/dr-nnamdi-azikiwe/|date=2013-01-07|website=our history|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nder dumunna mo Azikiwe woni e Accra, o yahri yeeso e filosof makko [[Afrik]] keso mo o ƴeewti caggal ɗuum e nder deftere makko, [[Afrik]] Renas50&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Long awaited Zik's Day preps in Anambra|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/11/14/long-awaited-ziks-day-preps-in-anambra/|date=2019-11-14|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E nder miijo filosof, Azikiwe wiyi wonde « ko leydi ɗo Afriknaaɓe ceertata e leƴƴi e laamuuji gaadanteeji, mbaylee e kuule filosof joy : ballondiral ruuhu, ƴellitaare renndo, pellital faggudu, ndimaagu hakkille e ngenndiyaŋkaagal risorgimento ». Azikiwe ronkaani politik Gold Coast, kadi jaaynde ndee ina wallita lannda Mambii nokku oo.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=41}} ''The Post'', jaaynde nokkuure ndee yaltinii winndannde ñalnde 15 mee 1936, &quot;Mbele Afriknaajo ina jogii Alla?&quot; ko [[I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson]], e Azikiwe (hono winndiyanke) ñaawaama sabu fitinaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; O fuɗɗii ko ñaaweede, o ñaawaa lebbi jeegom kasoo. E dow fenaande makko, Zik hollitii, &quot;so tawii ko mi kuutorgal daɗndo ngal imperiyaalisma e nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange foti luulndaade e liɓde, kadi so tawii e nder ndeeɗoo njillu miɗo foti yoɓde njoɓdi ɓurndi toowde, ndeen alaa ko haani mi diwde walla mi diwta. Miɗo wondi e hoolaare ñalnde kala wonde the ''New'' restinality ina waawi wonde les [[Afrik]] keso oo stem it. Hay maayde am waawaa jokkude kristal mum.&quot; Caggal ɗuum o woppitaa e Ñaawirde Toownde [[Afrik]] Hirnaange.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe and the vision of a united Africa|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/magazine/politicalreforms/Nnamdi-Azikiwe-and-the-vision-of-a-united-Africa/1843776-5116596-15o8e3tz/index.html|website=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Nnamdi Azikiwe in Office, 1937.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe e nder biro mum, hitaande 1937]]
Azikiwe warti [[Lagos]] nder hitaande 1937, o sosi jaaynde wiyeteende ''West African Pilot'', jaaynde nde o huutortoo ngam ɓamtude ngenndiyaŋkaagal e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], fedde Zik ''Group'' sosi jaayndeeji jowitiiɗi e toɓɓe politik e faggudu e nder gure teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndii fof.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Uche|first1=Luke Uka|title=Mass Media, People, and Politics in Nigeria|date=1989|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaaynde ɓurnde mawnude e fedde ndee ko ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo, nde huutorii ko konngol [[Dante Alighieri]] « Hollit annoore, yimɓe ɓee keɓata laawol » ngam waɗde heen konngol mum. Binndanɗe goɗɗe ko ''Defender'' [[Naajeeriya]] Fombinaari ummoriiɗo Warri (caggal mum [[Ibadan]]), Gardiiɗo Fuɗnaange (sosaaɗo e hitaande 1940, yaltinaa to Port Harcourt), e Kaaloowo [[Naajeeriya]] to [[Onitsha]].{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=204}} Ko e hitaande 1944, fedde ndee heɓti deftere [[Dusé Mohamed Ali]] wiyeteende La Comète. Jaaynde Azikiwe ko njulaagu, kadi ko kuutorgal ngam politik e wallitde.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=195}} ''Pilot'' oo ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e yeeyde ko ɓuri heewde ko e ''circulation'', ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu firms expatriés ɓuri waawde faggudu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=199}} Jaayɗe Azikiwe keewɗe teeŋtinii sensationalisme e daartol nafoore aadee ; ''the Pilot'' nastini yewtere fijirle e ta'irde rewɓe, ɓesdi yewtere dow kuuɗe [[Naajeeriya]] to ɗum hawti bee limngal limngal limngal limngal limngal ''Daily Times'' (ngal teddini limngal limngal yimɓe lesdi feere e limngal lesdi feere).{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=200}} Doggol Pilot gadanol ngol ko 6 000 ekkol ñalawma kala ; e tolno mum ɓurɗo mawnude e hitaande 1950, nde ina yaltina ko ina tolnoo e 20 000 ekkol.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=203}} Azikiwe sosi gollorɗe njulaagu goɗɗe (hono Banke Kontinental [[Afrik]] e Restoran Penny) e oon sahaa, o huutorii jaayɗe makko ngam yeeyde ɗe.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=42}}

Ko adii wolde adunaare ɗimmere, ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-11-29|title=The Sage and his Jewel: A society wedding in Ikenne Remo, By Tayo Agunbiade|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/568055-the-sage-and-his-jewel-a-society-wedding-in-ikenne-remo-by-tayo-agunbiade.html|access-date=2022-12-26|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; yiytaa ko no kaayitaaji etaade mahde tuugnorgal cirkulaasiyoŋ wonaa radikal peeñɗo. Editorialji ɓataake oo e yeewtere politik ndee ina teeŋtini tooñanngeeji baɗeteeɗi e [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]], e ñiŋde njuɓɓudi koloñaal e ballal miijooji eliteeji jannguɓe to [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=42}} Kono, e hitaande 1940, waylo-waylo seeɗa-seeɗa waɗi. No o waɗiri e jaaynde ''African Morning Post'' nii, Azikiwe fuɗɗii winndude lowre wiyeteende &quot;''Inside Stuff''&quot;, nde o etotoo sahaa e sahaa fof ƴellitde hakkillaaji politik.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=221}}Editorialuuji jaaynde ndee ina noddi jeytaare [[Afrik]], haa teeŋti noon caggal nde dille jeytaare Inndo ummii.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=221}} Hay so tawii kaayitaaji ɗii ina mballita Angalteer e nder wolde nde, ɗi ñiŋii peeje ustude ngalu ko wayi no ƴellitde cogguuli e ustude njoɓdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;lifeandtimesnews.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-4/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Sun News|date=2017|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1943, Diiso Angalteer (Conseil britannique) wallitii rewooɓe [[Afrik]] worgo 8 (ina heen Azikiwe), kanko e rewooɓe 6 woɗɓe ɓe kuutoriima fartaŋŋe ngam humpitaade jeytaare politik potnde waɗeede. Jaayndiyankooɓe ɓee ciifi ɓataake ngam ɗaɓɓude peeje moƴƴe renndo-politik seeɗa-seeɗa, tawa ina jeyaa heen ittugol njuɓɓudi koloñaal korona, wakilaagu diiwaanuuji e jeytaare koloñaaluuji [[Afrik]] hirnaange Angalteer e hitaande 1958 walla 1960.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=220}} ''Memorandum'' oo, biro koloñaal oo yejjiti ɗum, ɗum ɓeydi fitinaaji Azikiwe.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=233}}

Omo jogii nafoore mawnde e jaayɗe ko ina tolnoo e 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] njiylotoo. Binndanɗe Azikiwe ko faati e ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Afrik]], mawnikinaare ɓaleeɓe e doole mum en, njibinii politikaaji koloñaal en heewɓe, naftorii [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] heewɓe ŋakkiraaɓe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|website=DREAM WORLD PIONEERS VENTURES|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804162946/http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaayɗe Fuɗnaange [[Afrik]] ina keewi yaltude e ɗemngal [[Suwahili]], so wonaa jaayɗe kabaruuji ko wayi ''no East African Standard''. Azikiwe wayliima no feewi e nder jaayɗe [[Afrik]] worgo, hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore. E hitaande 1950, jaayɗe joy ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe [[Afrik]] toppitii e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange (ina heen jaaynde Nigerian Daily Times) ɓuri ''Pilot'' yeeyde. Ñalnde 8 [[lewru]] juko hitaande 1945, laamu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] haɗi Azikiwe ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] hirnaange e ''Daily Comet'' ngam hollirde ko boni e humpitooji ko faati e seppo mawngo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist|work=The Journalist|url=https://www.thejournalist.org.za/pioneers/nnamdi-azikiwe-african-philosopher-scholar-and-eminent-journalist|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe hay so jaɓii ɗum, o jokki e yaltinde binndanɗe ko faati e seppo ngoo e nder jaaynde wiyeteende ''Guardian'' (jaaynde makko Port Harcourt). O ardii seppo mawngo e hitaande 1945, o woni hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] fuɗnaange gila 1954 haa 1959.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi {{!}} Infoplease|url=https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/asia-africa/african-bios/azikiwe-benjamin-nnamdi|website=www.infoplease.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kitaale 1960, caggal jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ''Pilot'' ngenndiijo [[Afrik]] hirnaange ina teskaa e fuɗnaange. Azikiwe ƴettii faandaare teeŋtunde e pelle politik ɗe njiɗnoo ko ittude. O ñiŋaama e fedde [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] en sabu huutoraade jaaynde makko ngam haɗde luulndaade miijooji makko. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde The New York Times wiyi wonde o &quot;toowiima e geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder [[Afrik]], o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teskeede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Times&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=French|first1=Howard W.|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=8 November 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=14 May 1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle politik ==
Azikiwe wonti golloowo e nder fedde sukaaɓe Naajeeriya (NYM), fedde ngenndiyaŋkoore arandeere e nder leydi ndi.[78] Hay so tawii o walliino Samuel Akisanya ngam wonde kanndidaa NYM ngam heɓde jooɗorde wootere e nder Diiso sarɗiiji e hitaande 1941, tawi diiso doosɗe suɓiima Ernest Ikoli.[79]

Azikiwe wurtini NYM, o tuumi ardungal ɓurngal ɗuuɗugo nder Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama yimɓe Ijebu-Yoruba'en e Igbo'en. Won e terɗe Ijebu ndewi e makko, pecci dille ɗee e laabi leƴƴi.[79] O naati nder siyaasaaku, o sosi kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya e lesdi Kameruun (NCNC) bee Herbert Macaulay nder hitaande 1944. Azikiwe laati hooreejo kawtal ngal nder hitaande 1946. NCNC hawti bee lanndaaji lesdi Naajeeriya, kawtal fina-tawaa, e kawtal kuugal lesdi Naajeeriya, Kawtal Rewbe Demokaraasi Naajeeriya ekn lannda woni lannda siyaasa tataɓal sosaangal nder leydi Naajeeriya ɓaawo lannda Democratic National Naajeeriya (kañum ne sosi ɗum Herbert Macaulay), e Mouvement Sukaaɓe Naajeeriya. Terɗe lannda kaa teeŋtuɗe ina njeyaa heen; Fumilayo Ransome-Kuti, M.I.Okpara, J.O. Fadahunsi, Eyo Ita, Margaret Ekpo, Raymond Njoku, F.S. McEwen, Festus Okotie-Eboh,Timote Paul Birabi, A.K. Blankson, Denis Osadebay, e TOS Benson.[80]

=== Tuumeede fedde ===
Sabu ballal Azikiwe e seppo mawngo e lewru suwee 1945 e njanguuji makko e laamu koloñaal, bayyinaango Pilot Afrik hirnaange dartinaama ñalnde 8 sulyee ndeen hitaande.[81] O yetti liggotooɓe seppooɓe ɓee e hooreejo maɓɓe, Michael Imoudu, o tuumi laamu koloñaal ina huutoroo liggotooɓe.[82] E lewru ut, jaaynde ndee jaɓaama fuɗɗaade yaltude.[83] E nder seppo ngo, Azikiwe ummini alarm ko faati e peeje warngooji ɗi yimɓe ɓe nganndaaka, gollotooɓe e innde laamu koloñaal.[82] Daartol makko e tuumeede ko mesaas wireless mo jaayndiyanke Pilot nanngi.[65] Caggal nde o heɓi mesaas mo o taƴi oo, Azikiwe naati suuɗde to Onitsha. Pilot yaltinii binndanɗe yurmeende e sahaa nde o alaa, kadi Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe ina ngoongɗini daartol warngo ngoo.[84][85] Lowre Azikiwe, e cirƴam jaayndeeji makko, ɓeydii e ooɗoo sahaa. Tuume ɗee ina cikki won e Naajeeriyankooɓe, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o waɗi ɗe ngam ɓamtude darnde makko.[86] Sikke alaa ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko politikaaji Yoruba en ummoriiɓe e fedde sukaaɓe Naajeeriya, ko ɗum waɗi luural hakkunde pelle ɗee e hare jaayndeeji hakkunde Pilot Azikiwe e Daily Service NYM.

=== Diɗɗal Zikist en ===
Sukaaɓe ɓee kawri ngam haɓaade laamu koloñaal Angalteer. Gooto e fedde sukaaɓe hono ndee ko Zikist en. Diɗɗal sukaaɓe ngal alaa ko bonnata – e gardagol Kolawole Balogun, Raji Abdallah, Osita Agwuna, M. C. K. Ajuluchukwu e Abiodun Aloba – sosaa ko e hitaande 1946 ngam daranaade nguurndam Azikiwe e miijooji mum laamu hoore mum. Kola Balogun woni hooreejo gadano dillere Zikist en. E lewru feebariyee 1946, Balogun neldi noddaango fotde sukaaɓe 20 to Lagos, ngam naamnaade miijo maɓɓe e geɗe ngenndiije. E nder capanɗe ɗiɗi ɗee, sappo e ɗiɗo njaabiima, ɗum addani sosde Diɗɗal Zikist, nde tawnoo ɓeen worɓe ngontii terɗe sosɗe maggal. Nwafor Orizu sinci helmere 'Zikism' diga Azikiwe nde laati innde diina man.[89] O wonaa tergal e dillere nde kono ko o sehil ɓadiiɗo e jiɗɗo Azikiwe, kadi omo jeyaa e sukaaɓe heewɓe ɓe Azikiwe doolni ngam janngude to Amerik, e sara Eyo Ita e KO Mbadiwe. Raji Abdallah wonti hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo fedde Zikist, caggal nde Balogun ummii Londres, o golliima gila 1948 haa 1949. O waɗii nafoore mawnde e heɓde ballal to bannge worgo e jeyeede e fedde nde. Abdallah e Osita Agwuna (jaagorde makko) ko ɓooyaani koo mbaɗi fedde wiyeteende “Anti-Colour Bar Mouvement” (ACBM) to Kano, fedde nde ina luulndii njiyaagu seerndude ɓaleeɓe e ɓaleeɓe e nder leydi Nijeer. ACBM caggal mum fusi e nder fedde Zikist ɓurnde mawnude.[90] No Balogun nii, e hitaande 1948, Abdallah riiwaa e golle mum e nder sarwiis jaayndeeji Kano, sarwiis jaayndeeji rajooji. Ko riiwtude mo addani mo ɓeydaade jokkondirde e Mouvement Zikist. O riiwaa sabu naatgol makko e dillere Zikist ina sikkaa ko politik ɓurɗo laaɓtude wonande golloowo laamu.

Abdallah ñaawaa caggal mum ñalnde 7 noowammbar 1948 to Ñaawirde Toownde Lagos, ɗo o waɗi konngol, o wiyi nii, &quot;Ɗum ko ñalawma teeŋtuɗo no feewi. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude, ma a taw e nder daartol leydi men. Miɗo noddira ɗum ko ɓuri teeŋtude sabu ko hannde pot-ɗen fellitde, mbele eɗen poti anndude hol ko foti wonde freemen walla alaa?&quot; &quot;Miɗo yiɗi Union Jack e ɓernde am fof. Sabu so wonaa e nder leydi Angalteer, ɗo yahrata fof; woɗɗi hawrude, ina renndini yimɓe ɓee. Mi alaa ko njogiimi e laamɗo George VI mo Angalteer. Kono miɗo yiɗi Crown leydi Angalteer e ɓernde am fof. Ngam miin e banndiraaɓe am, ko maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, ko juuti e inige petition. En njaltii e duuɓi dipolomasi. Ko ɗum waɗi, miɗo ɗoo jamma, ngam noddirde spade ko spade, e machete ko machete.&quot; &quot;Hande, min, Habibu Raji Abdallah, bee mo'ere Allah, hooreejo lesdi Zikist Movement e Field Secretary NCNC, mi ɗon anndina hoore am mi ɓii lesdi Naajeeriya jeytaare e jeytaare. Mi walaa gooŋgaaku haa kala laamu jananndu, nden boo nder walaa' laamu lesdi Naajeeriya e heforth ngam yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya; haani ɗooftaade kala sariya, ko wonaa sariyaaji ɓiɗɓe leydi Najeriya, aadaaji e sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele. Ko ɗum waɗi, mi yoɓataa njoɓdi ndii e ooɗoo laamu.Ngam so a yoɓii, ɓe kuutortoo ko kaalis ngam duumaade njiimaandi maɓɓe e dow maa.&quot;[citation needed] E dow ñaawoore makko, o jaabtii e mitigation Greggcitation, presitation,

&quot;so tawii aɗa gooŋɗini e goonga wonde ko bonannde haɓaade ndimaagu, ndeen noon, e kala sahaa, ñaaw am haa mi wara. So tawiino miɗo woppitee hannde, mi waawaa rokkude hoolaare ngam muusde ɗemngal am. Miin noon, ɓernde am ina laaɓi, miɗo weltii e accude ñaawoore sakkitiinde nde So rifatho, the fuverill to weltaare waɗɓe ma ɗoo mi acca ñaawoore sakkitiinde ndee e Alla.”

[90][91][92] Konnguɗi makko lolluɗi ɗii njahdi ko caggal keeri leydi Najeriya, ɗi njaɓaa ko e lannda leƴƴi kawral (CPP) mo Kwame Nkrumah to Cote d’Or (hannde Ganaa). Laamu koloñaal jaɓaani moƴƴere e les njiimaandi rewolison e nulal Abdallah. Ko ɗum waɗi Abdallah e ardiiɓe fedde Zikist en nayo nanngaa, ɓe tuumaama ko ɓe fitinaaji.[89] Ndeeɗoo ƴaañgal e ardorde Zikist en addani njuɓɓudi goɗndi e nder Diɗɗal Zikist en, addani Nduka Eze yaltude hooreejo leydi, caggal nde Abdallah sokaa, Mokwugo Okoye wonti sekreteruuji mawɗi. Zikist en, e nder yontaaji, njaltii e NCNC, ɓuri ngenndiyaŋkooɓe e njuɓɓudi jibinannde mum en. Ofiseeji koloñaal en njiyri dille Zikist en ko renndo ngo rewaani laawol, ɓe njaltini yamiroore (Order-in-Council), ɓe kaɗi dille Zikist en ñalnde 12 abriil 1950. Caggal ɗuum fedde nde fusi, terɗe mayre mbayli e politik, e njulaagu, e laamu aadaaji.[]39]

=== Luulndaade doosgal leydi Richards ===
E hitaande 1945, guwerneer leydi Biritaan biyeteeɗo Arthur Richards hollitii eɓɓooje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi Clifford ɗe hitaande 1922.[70] Ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndee ɓeydugol terɗe Afrik toɗɗaaɗe e Diiso sarɗiiji. Kono waylooji ɗii ko ngenndiyankooɓe hono Azikiwe luulndii ɗum en.[74] Politiyankooɓe NCNC njaɓaani kuule ɗe Arthur Richards ƴetti, kam e kuulal doosgal leydi ndi ina ɗaɓɓi terɗe Afriknaaɓe nay cuɓaaɗe tan ; heddiiɓe ɓee maa ngona kanndidaaji toɗɗaaɗi.[94] Kanndidaaji Afriknaaɓe toɗɗaaɗi ɗii ko lolluɓe laamu koloñaal, tee ɓe njiɗaa laamu hoore maɓɓe e dow fenaande. Daartol luulndo ngoɗngol ko ŋakkeende nafoore ngam yahrude yeeso Afriknaaɓe e jappeere laamu toownde. NCNC ina hebli ngam haɓaade haala mum e laamu kesu nguu, hono Clement Attlee to leydi Angalteer.[95] Jaɓɓungal leydi ndi fuɗɗii ngam humpitaade ko woni e lannda ka, e dañde kaalis ngam seppo leydi Angalteer.[96] Hooreejo lannda NCNC, Herbert Macaulay maayi e nder njillu ngu, Azikiwe ƴetti ardaade lannda ka. O ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo haa Londres, ngam heblude njillu nguu, o yahi Amerik ngam ɗaɓɓude yurmeende e haala lannda kaa. Azikiwe hawri e Eleanor Roosevelt to Hyde Park, o haali ko fayti e &quot;rimɗinde leydi Naajeeriya e maccungaagu politik, ŋakkeende kisal faggudu e ŋakkeende renndo&quot;.[97]

Delegaasiyoŋ Angalteer ina jeyaa heen Azikiwe, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Zanna Dipcharima, Abubakar Olorunimbe, P. M. Kale, Adeleke Adedoyin e Nyong Essien. Ɓe njilliima Biro Kolonial Fedde Fabian, Goomu Laamɗo Gollotooɓe e Dental Almudɓe Afrik Hirnaange ngam humpitaade eɓɓooji mum ngam waylude doosɗe leydi 1922. Ina jeyaa e eɓɓooje NCNC, jokkondirde e Afriknaaɓe ko faati e waylooji doosɗe leydi Najeriya, ɓeydude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo e ustude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji hakkundeejo to bannge difagol, kaalis e geɗe caggal leydi.[100] Delegaasiyoŋ oo yettinii eɓɓaaɗe mum to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe koloñaal, kono ko seeɗa tan waɗi ngam waylude eɓɓaaɗe Richards. Doosgal Richards fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1947, Azikiwe haɓa e gooto e jooɗorɗe Lagos ngam leeltinde golle mum.[101]

=== Duuɓi 1950 haa 1953 ===
E nder doosgal leydi Richards, Azikiwe suɓaama e nder Diisnondiral Legislatif e nder wooteeji municipaal Lagos ummoraade e lannda Demokaraasi ngenndiijo (fotde NCNC).[102] Kanko e wakiliijo lannda makko ɓe tawtoraaka batu gadano diisnondiral ngal, kadi agitaasiyoŋ ngam waylude doosgal leydi Richards addani doosgal leydi Macpherson.[74] Doosgal Macpherson fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1951, hono no doosgal Richards nii, noddi wooteeji e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo. Azikiwe saliima waylooji ɗii, o haɓanaaki fartaŋŋe waylude doosgal leydi kesal ngal.

Wooteeji limtaaɗi mbaɗaama tuggi lewru ut haa lewru desaambar 1951.[103] To Diiwaan Hirnaange (ɗo Azikiwe darinoo ɗoo), lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɓuri heen heewde : NCNC mo Azikiwe e Goomu golle. Woote Asaambele diiwaan Hirnaange mbaɗaama e lewru suwee e desaambar 1951 sabu doosgal leydi ndii ina ɗaɓɓi e kollirɗe woote ngam suɓaade terɗe suudu sarɗiiji ngenndi ; ko ɓuri heewde e Action Group e nder suudu nduu ina waawi haɗde Azikiwe yahde suudu sarɗiiji.[104] O heɓi jooɗorde asamblee diiwaan oo gila Lagos, kono lannda luulndo ngoo wiyi ina jogii ɓural e nder suudu sarɗiiji, Azikiwe kadi daranaaki Lagos e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde. E hitaande 1951, o wonti hooreejo luulndo laamu Obafemi Awolowo to suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan hirnaange. Azikiwe suɓaaka e nder batu ngenndi, waɗii jiiɓru e nder hirnaange.[105] Nanondiral hakkunde terɗe NCNC cuɓaaɗe ummoriiɗe Lagos ngam woppude Azikiwe so tawii o suɓaaka, yanii. Azikiwe tuumi doosgal leydi, o yiɗi ko waylooji mbaɗee. NCNC (mo jiimi e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange) jaɓi, e ƴettude peeje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi.[106]

Azikiwe ummiima to Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1952,[107][108] e batu diiwaan mo NCNC ɓuri heewde oo waɗi eɓɓooje ngam jaɓɓaade mo. Hay so tawii jaagorɗe diiwaan e hakkundeeje lannda kaa ɗaɓɓiraama yo njokku laamu e nder mbayliigu kabine, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe njaɓaani ɗaɓɓaande ndee.[109] Ndeen asaambele diiwaan oo waɗii woote ngam waasde hoolaade jaagorɗe ɗee, kadi kuule appropriation neldaaɗe to ministeer oo njaɓaaka.[81] Ɗum addani diiwaan hee ŋakkere, lietnaa-guwerneer oo fusi galle diiwaan oo. Woote kese ngartiri Azikiwe e wonde tergal Asammbele Fuɗnaange. O suɓaama hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o laati hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1954 nde ɗum warti kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya.

== Premier diiwaan Fuɗnaange ==
Azikiwe wonti hooreejo leydi diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1954 caggal nde doosgal kesal waɗtaa e golle. Komisiyoŋ faggudu diiwaan Fuɗnaange Azikiwe gollondirii e Orop e Amerik worgo ngam wallitde ƴellitaare e nder diiwaan hee, e nder njulaagu, e nder njulaagu nebam leɗɗe, e nder njamndi e kemikal e nder diiwaan hee. O mahii sosiyetee semmbe Nijeer lolluɗo to Nkalagu e nder diiwaan Ebonyi hannde oo, o fuɗɗii golle ñalnde 1 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 1955. O mahii gaas Nijeer. O sosi kadi sosiyetee gadano e nder leydi Nijeer, biyeteeɗo Niger Steel. O sosi banke ɓiɓɓe lesdi Naajeeriya arandeejo, Banke Afrik (ACB). Ummingo ACB waɗi ngomnati Hirnaange lesdi Naajeeriya sosde Banki lesdi Naajeeriya, ngomnati woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya darni banki woylaare. ACB ina waɗi nafoore e feeñde e fedde njulaagu mawnde to Fuɗnaange gila e kitaale 1950. Banki oo kadi waɗii geɗe keewɗe e ƴellitaare gonnooɗo Biafrannaaɓe e darnugol hareeji e hitaande 1970. O sosi porogaraam jaŋde baawɗo rokkude leydi Naajeeriya wontude leydi ɓurndi yaajde e yeeyde jaŋde caggal leydi e nder Afrik.

Azikiwe sosi fedde ƴellitaare fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, nde waɗii darnde mawnde e mahngo duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Nsukka, duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde gadanal e nder leydi ndi, ngal timmungal, e hitaande 1960. Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya sosaa ko ñalnde 18 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1955, caggal nde sariya ngam sosde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ngal e les njiimaandi Inter- Council Jaŋde e caggal leydi e njuɓɓudi gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele (jooni USAID), J.W. Cook (VC mo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Exeter), Dr John A. Hannah (Hooreejo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Michigan State), e Dr Glen L. Taggart, Deenoowo Porogaraamuuji hakkunde leyɗeele (MSU), ngarii e leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1958. Goomu nguu ƴeewtindiima nokku oo to Nsukka, e wiɗtude no feewi geɗe keewɗe ceertuɗe jowitiiɗe e sosde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde kesal.

Hayre nden waɗaama wakkati juulde jeytaare lesdi Naajeeriya, nde laamiiɗo debbo Alexandra mo Kent, laamiiɗo debbo Elizabeth II, wadi ɗum. Kalaasuuji puɗɗii ko ñalnde 17 oktoobar 1960 e binnditagol 220 almuudo e 13 tergal gollordu jaŋde. Nde laati Jaami'aare arandeere nder Naajeeriya, jaami'aare arandeere nde laamu lesdi Naajeeriya sosi, nden nder hitaande 1963, jaami'aare arandeere hokkata dipolomaaji lesdi Naajeeriya.[110]

E hitaande 1957, Azikiwe haaliino e nulaaɓe Angalteer e Naajeeriya e nder batu Lancaster House e hitaande 1957, ɗo doosɗe fedde nde ngam Naajeeriya jeytaare mum feewnaa. Joɗnde nde ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Biritaan ardii, waɗii won e nulaaɓe leydi Najeriya. Ardii dental ngal ko Abubakar Tafawa Balewa mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare, Obafemi Awolowo mo fedde Action, Eyo Ita mo lannda ngenndiijo jeytaare e Ahmadu Bello mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare.

Ñalnde 3 feebariyee 1959, Azikiwe jaɓɓiima Kwame Nkrumah (gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Gana keso toɗɗaaɗo) njillu to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer. O yilli suudu joonde diiwaan fuɗnaange e wondude e wondiiɓe makko, Hon. Jaagorgal ko feewti e geɗe caggal leydi, hono Kodjo Botsio e wasiyaaji ko feewti e geɗe Afrik, hono George Padmore. Nnamdi Azikiwe huutoriima ñalngu nguu, to suudu sarɗiiji fuɗnaange, ngam waɗde konngol teddinoowo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Nkrumah, o siftini no Kwame dartiniri golle Afrik.

Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1959, Azikiwe lomtii Michael Okpara, gardiiɗo diiwaan fuɗnaange. Ñalnde 28 oktoobar 1959, guwerneer seneraal Robertson habrii fusde suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, tawi ina waɗi 184 tergal, tuggi 1 noowammbar 1959, mbele woote jeytaare ina mbaɗee.

Ñalnde 12 desaambar 1959, woote parlemaa mbaɗaama to Nijeer ngam ƴamde 312 jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji. Diɗɗal lesdi Naajeeriya e Kamerun (NCNC) ngal Azikiwe woni arandeere nden heɓi 2,594,577 woote e 89 jooɗorde.

Fedde Awolowo (AG), woni 2ɓo e 1 992, 364 woote e 75 jooɗorde. Kongres yimɓe woylaare lesdi Tafawa Balewa (NPC) woni 3ɓo e 1 922 179 e 148 e nder 312 jooɗorde nder suudu sarɗiiji.

Lanndaaji tati mawɗi ɗi e nder woote ɗee mbaawaano heɓde jooɗorɗe keewɗe ngam sosde laamu. Guverneur général Robertson noddi Tafawa Balewa yo o dañ laamu ngu. Ñalnde 16 desaambar, Ahmadu Bello e Tafawa Balewa etinooma yettaade nanondiral ngam waawde jogaade laamu nguu hakkunde NPC e NCNC. Governor General humpitaama e kawral ngal, ko ɗum waɗi o jaɓi kabine sappo e jeegom mo Balewa suɓii.[111][112]

== Ndimaagu leydi Naajeeriya ==
Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 1960, parlemaa leydi Biritaan ƴetti kuulal jeytaare leydi Najeriya, hitaande 1960, ngal hokki ndimaagu leydi Najeriya. Jamma 30 suwee 1960, laana ndiwoowa British Union Jack jippinaa e kewu mawningol, tawi tedduɓe tawtoraama. Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 1960, laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Alexandra lomtotooɗo laamɗo debbo oo, udditi Parlemaa gadano leydi ndii. Doosgal kesal, sosngal njuɓɓudi fedde nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe cuɓaaɗo e hooreejo leydi kewu sosaa. Laamu kawtal NCNC e NPC woni laamu nde Naajeeriya heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, Sir Tafawa Balewa woni hooreejo leydi ndi, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo Senaa.

Ɓooytaani, Azikiwe lomtii Sir James Robertson, wonti Guwerneer Seneraal gadano e nder leydi ndii. Kono e nder doosɗe leydi Najeriya, guwerneer jeneral ko hooreejo leydi tan. Darnde Guwerneer-General e terɗe Diisnondiral Laamɗo debbo, mbaɗti Azikiwe dow politik lannda. Kabinee hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya arandeere Tafawa Balewa hawti bee; M Johnson, Bukar Dipcharima, Ayo Rosiji, Aja Wachukwu, Kolawole Balogun, e Victor Mukete (Kamerun), Samuel Akintola, Raymond Njoku, Alhaji Ribadu, Kingsley O. Mbadiwe, Festus Okotie-Eboh, e Allaji Inua Wada.[113][14]

Sir Tafawa Balewa waɗii konngol mum to nokku biyeteeɗo Race Course (hannde ko nokku Tafawa Balewa) to Lagos e nder ñalɗi jeytaare leydi ndii. E nder konngol makko o wiyi, &quot;Kewu hannde oo ko ñalngu nguu, ko ñalngu nguu fuɗɗii duuɓi sappo e joyi jooni, ngu yettiima ɗo haaɗi. Ko e manngu laaɓtungu, min mbiyata ko keɓgol Jeytaare men ngol alaa ko nanndi e mum e nder annals daartol. Kala taƴre men nde ina waɗi planfuncelly e dow doosgal men e kaaldigal udditiingal, wonaa tan hakkunde wakili’en denndaangal nafooje ceertuɗe e nder leydi Najeriya kono ko e ballondiral e laamu njuɓɓudi ndi hannde woppi laamu mum.&quot;[115]

== Gomnajo lesdi Naajeeriya ==
Nde ngon-mi suka mi yi’i gite: gite Naajeeriya wonta leydi mawndi e nder duunde Afrik ummotoonde; visions of Nigeria hokkata ndimu haa ɓe nder maccungaaku, e heɓugo laawol demokaraasi ngam ɓe ɗonno lulla nder illusion of security les laamu koloñaal..Miɗo hooli mi hoyɗan koyɗi am nder jam e ɓeydaari cemmbiɗinki yimɓe leydi am Naajeeriya. Motto fedde jeytaare leydi Naajeeriya woni Kawtal e Nuɗɗinki. Miɗo ñaagii nde ndeenten ngootaagu men, ndeentoo goonɗinal men.

— Nnamdi Azikiwe (duuɓi 1960, Londres)[116]

Azikiwe ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, hono Harold Macmillan, wasiyii mo yo lomto Sir James Robertson, e nder njillu makko to Lagos e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1960. Joɗnde Guwerneer-Jeneral fedde nde e nder haala tiitoonde, waɗi mo wakiliijo laamɗo leydi Angalteer to leydi Nijeer. Udditgol Azikiwe e lewru noowammbar 1960, seedtiima yoga e gollodiiɓe makko e nder Atlantik ɓaleejo, won heen ko Martin Luther King Jr. Du Bois, Sirli Graham Du Bois, Ami Jak Garvey, e Joorji S. Suyler.[117] Martin Luther King Jr. hollitii wonde hareeji ndimaagu e nder leydi Nijeer e nder leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ina njogii batte keewɗe e dille jojjanɗe aadee Amerik, o siftini wonde Azikiwe e ardiiɓe Afrik woɗɓe ko &quot;jaambaarooji ɓurɗi lollude e ko ɓuri heewde e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Negro en aduna o.&quot;

Haa timminorde haala maako, Zik wi'i, &quot;min, ɓe mbaawata siftoreede no haanirta nii, min mbaɗi Naajeeriya hannde, ɓe ngaddi ndimu nder leydi men, ɓe ndewi kawtal men bana lenyol&quot;, ko &quot;taariiha hokki yam geɓe mawɗe ngam mi heɓa batte duumotooɗe e ngam wadduki haaje yimɓe men.&quot; O wiyi kadi &quot;mi jogaaki miijo e wellitaare am walla hay kisal walla hay nguurndam e hoore mum, so tawii ko ɗeen ngoni coggu ngu pot-mi yoɓde ngam ardaade ngam hisnude ndimaagu e ngootaagu leydi am.&quot;[118]

Azikiwe tawtoraama batu diiwaan Afrik gadano Fedde Adunaare Golle (OIT), ngu yuɓɓinaa to Lagos, leydi Nijeer e lewru Duujal 1960. Tawtoraama heen: Mr. Johnson, jaagorgal golle leydi Nijeer e hooreejo batu nguu, Mr. Demby, jaagorgal golle leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, e David Director A-G19,[ ILO.19]. E lewru desaambar 1961 Fedde Ameriknaare Pinal Afrik (AMSAC) yuɓɓinii ñalngu mawngu e nder wuro Lagos, to leydi Nijeer. Yimɓe Ameriknaaɓe mawɓe ko wayi no Nina Simone, Langston Hughes, e Lionel Hampton njahii e yahdu AMSAC timmundu ngam semmbinde jokkondiral hakkunde Afriknaaɓe e Ameriknaaɓe/Afriknaaɓe. Ɓe njaɓɓaama e Azikiwe to Lagos.[120]

Ñalnde 17 noowammbar 1961, e nder konngol makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Najeriya to Nsukka, Zik hollitii eɓɓaande mum ngam Najeriya ƴettude doosgal leydi republique tawa ina heddii e tergal Commonwealth. E hitaande 1962, Azikiwe eeriima ardiiɓe Afrik e nder batu Lagos, yo cos fedde dowlaaji Afrik. Koolol Lagos ngol winnditii sarɗiiji eɓɓaaɗi ngam &quot;Fedde hakkunde Afrik e Malagasi&quot; e gardagol Azikiwe. Caggal ɗuum, nde jaɓaa e lewru mee 1963 e Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik.[121]

E hitaande 1963, Azikiwe yamiri gollorde gadane nde Guinness mahi caggal leydi Irlannda e Angalteer to Lagos

== Hooreejo leydi (1963-1966) ==
Leydi Naajeeriya sosaa ko ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa woni gardiiɗo jaagorɗe (hooreejo laamu) e Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo (hooreejo leydi) e hooreejo konu. Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Tafawa Balewa hollitii waylude doosgal leydi ndi 1960 ngam waylude Azikiwe e wonde Guwerneer Jeneral, e waylude tiitoonde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi kewu. Balewa hollitii wonde Azikiwe ina foti innireede hooreejo leydi e nder doosɗe leydi 1963 sabu leydi Naajeeriya meeɗaani yoɓde Dr. Ko zuum wazi, kuulal 157 doosgal leydi Najeriya 1963, tiitoonde mum ko Nnamdi Azikiwe ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, ina winndaa heen &quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe ina foti wonde hooreejo leydi e ñalngu ngu doosgal leydi ndi fuzzii.&quot;[122][123]

Ñalnde 30 lewru Duujal hitaande 1964, wooteeji feddeeji gadani e nder leydi Nijeer gila nde heɓi jeytaare mum. Woote ɗee njoofiima jonte keewɗe sabu luural hakkunde limoore inɗe gonɗe e doggol wooteeji ɗii e doggol binnditagol ngol. Lebbi jeegom caggal wooteeji ɗii, fotde 2 000 neɗɗo maayi e fitinaaji baɗnooɗi e nder diiwaan hirnaange.[124]

=== 1964 kiris e kuudetaa ===
Nigerian Daily Express wi'i nyande 3 mars 1964, &quot;Haa heɓugo ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960, eɓɓoore amin arandeere ngam anndugo ɗuuɗal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya laati kuugal limngal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1962. Hooreejo komitiiru limngal lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati man woni J. J. Warren. Njeñtudi limngal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyon ha Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa salii njeñtudi ndi o woppi Mr. Warren, o yamiri yo o riiwtu e hitaande 1963. Caggal nde o waɗi manipulaasiyoŋ, njeñtudi binnditagol ngol hollitii wonde Fuɗnaange ina les limtaa e miliyoŋaaji 8,5 e nder hitaande 1962 gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii ɓeydii dow limoore ndee haa 65,66 miliyoŋ woote fedde ndee e lewru desaambar 1964 ngaddi caɗeele mawɗe, ruppitii laamu kawral NPC e NCNC. Wooteeji ɗii mbaɗii boykotuuji keewɗi, njulaagu, hulɓinaare, njulaagu e fitinaaji ɗi Azikiwe waɗi haa o salii noddude gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Balewa ngam sosde laamu kesu. Balɗe seeɗa, jokkere enɗam apokaliptik ina jokki e dow leydi ndii haa nde Azikiwe ƴetti konngol e dow doosɗe leydi ndii.[126]

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Azikiwe resi debbo mum gadano biyeteeɗo Flora Azikiwe ñalnde 4 abriil 1936 to Akra, to Cote d’Or nde o woni gardiiɗo jaaynde Afrik subaka. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe nayo, ɓiɗɗo debbo gooto e ɓiɓɓe worɓe tato.

E hitaande 1973 Azikiwe resi debbo mum ɗiɗaɓo Uche Azikiwe nde o yahrata e duuɓi 26. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo.

== Posto hooreejo leydi e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ==
Laamu leydi Najeriya momti diiwanuuji feddeeji nay ɗii ñalnde 24 lewru mbooy hitaande 1966. Won e leƴƴi fuɗnaange fotde 115 neɗɗo mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik ñalnde 28 lewru mbooy-2 lewru juko hitaande 1966 ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966. Fotde 30 neɗɗo mbaraama e hareeji politik to Lagos ñalnde 29 sulyee-1 ut 1966, fotde 250 000 leñol fuɗnaange ndogi ummoraade e diiwaan Fuɗnaange fayde e diiwaan fuɗnaange caggal kuudetaa konu. Lietnaa Kolonel Yakubu Gowon huniima wonde hooreejo laamu konu fedde nde caggal kuudetaa konu, o artiri diiwanuuji fedde ndee nay ñalnde 31 ut 1966. Fotde 2 000 leñol Igbos mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange to4ctober L69 Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, guwerneer konu diiwal fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, anndinii dow diiwal ngal natti jaɓugo Gowon bana hooreejo laamu konu lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 2 mars 1967. Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon hoosi bawɗe timmuɗe bana komandaajo mawdo laamu e hooreejo laamu militaari7 ngam ardungal 1967. Gowon anndini laamu nguu ñalnde 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967. Ojukwu bayyini jeytaare leydi Biafra to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 caggal nde laamu fedde ndee teddinaani nanondiral Aburi.[127]

127 128 129 130 77.

Azikiwe e fuɗɗoode ina wallitnoo Biafra e anndinde ɗum e nder winndere ndee. O huutoriima doole makko politik ngam ardaade delegaasiyoŋ Biafra caggal leydi ngam jaɓde dowla jeytaare. E hitaande 1968, nde o yiyi batte hare ndee, o ñaagii Ojukwu nde o joofnata kaaldigal e Gowon, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Azikiwe woɗɗitii politik caggal wolde. O woniino hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos tuggi 1972 haa 1976. Jokkugol laamu konu e rokkude laamu laamu demokaraasi e hitaande 1979 rokki Azikiwe fartaŋŋe wartaade politik. O naati nder lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1978, o waɗi ɗaɓɓaande ardiiɗo leydi Naajeeriya nde o heɓi nasaraaku nder hitaande 1979 e hitaande 1983. O acci siyaasaaku haa abada ɓaawo kuudetaa konu nder hitaande 1983 nde Muhammadu Buhari ardii

=== Duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ===
Fitinaaji meeɗaay wonde kuutorgal ngal min kuutortoo, minen sosɓe leydi Najeriya, ngam safrude caɗeele politik. E nder aadaaji Angalteer, min kaaldii e Biro Koloñaal ngam jaɓde caɗeele amen ngam ŋakkeende e moƴƴere haala amen ngam laamu hoore mum. Caggal batuuji jeegom doosɗe leydi e hitaande 1953, 1954, 1957, 1958, 1959, e 1960, Angalteer rokkii en hakke ngam tabitinde jeytaare men politik gila 1 oktoobar 1960. Hay gooto e lanndaaji politik leydi Najeriya ɗi meeɗaani ƴettude jeytaare men politik e men happy violed to en meeɗaani jaɓde jeytaare men politik wonde hay toɓɓere ƴiiƴam Angalteer walla Najeriya rufaaka e nder hare men ngenndiire ngam nokku men e naange. Ndee ɗoo hujja daartol addani mi wiyde e yeeso yimɓe fof e nder leydi Najeriya wonde laamu nguu rokkii en laamu hoore mum e dow lowre kaŋŋe. Ko goonga, yonta am ina cemmbina mi, kono geɗe daartol ɗee ko ɗe njiyataa. Miɗo sikki ko ɓuri mettude ko ‘Sukaaɓe Turki’ men pellitii naatnude elemen mbayliigu bonngu e nder politik leydi Najeriya. No ɓe e renndo men fof mbaawirta ustude politikaaji tiiɗɗi, ma a taw nannguɗi, ko politik mo alaa hakkille. Mi jokki bee Seneraal Aguiyi-Ironsi, Ofiisaajo Seneraal Ardiido sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, mo mi faami, jooni o hoosi kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya. Miɗo sakka golle am ngam kala udditgol jam ngam haɗde ƴiiƴam ɓeydaade, ngam weltinde ofiseeji muusɗi ɗii, e artirde sariya e deeƴre. So mi nanii haala makko tan, mi waɗa peeje ngam hootde galle. Ko fayti e am, miɗo jogori warde ardiiɓe men politik e konu ko musiiba ngenndiijo.

— Jaabawol hooreejo leydi Nnamdi Azikiwe e kuudetaa konu gadano, hitaande 1966.[131]

Ñalnde 8 noowammbar 1989, jaayɗe ciifi e fenaande wonde Azikiwe maayii, sabu naamne jaayndiyanke BBC jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko. O artiri o wiyi &quot;mi yaawaani yaltude oo aduna, sabu ko kañum tan woni tagofeere nde nganndu-mi.&quot; E hitaande 1991, Azikiwe yahiino e udditgol nokku Nnamdi Azikiwe to Zungeru, nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, e juuɗe hooreejo leydi Ibraahiima Babangida. E nder ndunngu 1995, o rokki yeewtere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Pennsylvania e gardiiɗo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal.

Azikiwe maayi haa ñalnde 11 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1996, to opitaal janngirde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Enugu caggal nde o rafi ko juuti. O yahrata ko e duuɓi 91. Azikiwe rokkaama wirwirnde dowla e laamu Sani Abacha, caggal fotde jonte ɗiɗi kewuuji ngenndiiji. Ɓanndu makko nawaama e gure keewɗe teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndi ngam sunaare e teddungal. O wirnaa e wuro makko Onitsha ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1996, ñalnde wonnde ñalngu ngu o heɓi duuɓi 92. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde wiyeteende New York Times teskiima,

&quot;O toowii dow geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder Afrik, o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teddineede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko.&quot;[132]

E hitaande 2019, laamu hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari ƴettii golle timminde suudu ndu Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, ndu anndinaama ndu nokkuure nden.[133][134]

== Innde e ndonu daartol ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, ƴaañgal Afrik seediima laamuuji Orop ina peccii Afrik, ina kuutoroo jawdi aadee e tago. Ƴellitaare miijo politik Afrik feeñi ko e anniya yiylaade eɓɓoore miijo jaɓgol hoore mum e ngenndiyaŋkaagal pinal cemmbinngal. Ina jeyaa e daraniiɓe Pan Afrik, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Pilot ndimaagu leydi Nijeer. Nokku Azikiwe nder cosmology Naajeeriya ɗon yaaji haa darnde maako nde o jogi. O rokki ngenndiyaŋkaagal e hare jeytaare maanaa keso. Zik, e oon sahaa to duɗal Hope Waddel, ina anndi miijooji Marcus Garvey ko fayti e Pan-Afrik, teeŋtinoowo doole Afriknaaɓe, e rimɗinde Afrik e juuɗe Afriknaaɓe. Ɗum addani Zik naamnaade laawɗingol koloñaal e nder Afrik, tee ina jeyaa e ko Garvey wiyi ngam rimɗinde Afrik e laamuuji koloñaal. E wakkati nde Naajeeriya woni haa jooni mooɓre diiwalji feere-feere, anndalji e dente nokkuuje, Zik fuɗɗi ƴamɗe ngam heɓugo ndimu Naajeeriya e ngam sosde senngooji ɗi ngalaa lenyol, ɗi ngalaa leƴƴi ngam yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e yidde lesdi maɓɓe.[116][135]

Azikiwe yahiino to Amerik ɗo o janngi e jannginde e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ceertuɗe to Fuɗnaange, o yi’i weeyo ngo njiyaagu e ƴellitaare `Negro' radikal. O heɓi kadi ballal e hooreejo leydi Amerik e teeminannde 19ɓiire, hono James A Garfield, e dow huɗo ngam weltinde njiimaandi politik. Nde o arti e Afrik worgo, ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ngoƴa makko, ko ɗum waɗi, wonaa hare leydi, ngenndiyaŋkoore, kono ko hare winndereyankoore, winndereyankoore ngam leñol ɓaleejo. Ko o gardiiɗo jaaynde African Morning Post to Accra, tuggi 1935 haa 1937, Azikiwe heɓi ɗoon e ɗoon innde sabu jaayndeyaagal makko toowngal `American style' e ñiŋde cuusal makko e njuɓɓudi koloñaal, e ardiiɓe koloñaal kam e ardiiɓe Afrik nokkuuji ɗii. Semmbe makko ina yaaji e nder leyɗeele koloñaal Biritaan en fof, ko kanko woni doole guurɗe won e ardiiɓe Afrik hono Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, Dauda Jawara, Kenneth Kaunda e Milton Obote e woɗɓe.

Jaayndeyaagal Azikiwe kaɓanngal e ƴattooje ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e darnde makko e doole makko, kadi ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e ummital Naajeeriya. Azikiwe sosi fedde jaayndeyaagal wiyeteende Zik Group, nde o sosi e nde o yuɓɓini Pilot West African, nde o inniri « kaayitaaji ngenndiyaŋkooji ñaamooɓe yiite, doolnuɗi, ɓurɗi toowde ». E les njiimaandi Zik Group o wayli golle jaayɗe Afrik hirnaange, o hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore, o yaajtini nafoore makko e jogaade ko ina tolnoo e jaayɗe 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe Afriknaaɓe njiylotoo. Pilot Afrik hirnaange mawni no feewi gila e doggol adanngol ngol 6 000 ekkol ñalnde kala, haa e doggol ko ina ɓura 20 000 ekkol e tolno mum e kitaale 1950.[136][137][138]

Kaayitaaji keertiiɗi ɗi Nnamdi Azikiwe, hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya arandeejo, ɗon mari haaje nder suudu defte maako haa Nsukka, Naajeeriya. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen binndanɗe keertiiɗe, eɓɓaande ciimtol makko, binndanɗe dowla ummoraade e gardagol makko, binndanɗe politik jowitiiɗe e Republique Biafra, kaɓirɗe ummoraade e kampaañ Azikiwe e hitaande 1979 e 1983, kam e defte e jaayɗe seeɗa ɗe keewaani. Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Vanderbilt, e ballal kaalis e porogaraam defte binndaaɗe e nder defterdu UCLA, waɗii ɗeen geɗe dijital ngam sosde mooɓondiral geɗe puɗɗaaɗe jowitiiɗe e jaŋde leydi Najeriya e leydi Biafra [139]. Ndee ɗoo deftere ina heɓoo e dijital rewrude e defterdu UCLA[140]

=== Teddungal ===
Leydi Biritaan : Tergal e Diiso doosɗe leydi Biritaan, ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1960.[141] 

Komanda mawɗo fedde nde (GCFR).[142]

=== Degreeji teddungal ===
Azikiwe heɓi dipolomaaji teddungal 14 ummoraade e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Najeriya, Amerik e Liberiya, teeŋti noon :

Pennsylvanie 1946: Doktoor to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln

Virginia Hirnaange 1947: Doktoor ɓataakeeji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer

Washington, D.C. 1950: Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Howard heɓi Doktoraa mum to bannge sariya

Michigan 1959: Doktoor tedduɗo e sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Michigan[143]

Naajeeriya 1961: Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji (D.Litt.) to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Naajeeriya[144]

Liberiya 1969 : Doktoraa mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Liberiya

Pennsylvanie 1980 : Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji aadee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvanie

Woɗɓe ina mbaɗi dipolomaaji ummoraade e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, UNIZIK, e FUTO.[145]

=== Siftorde e monumndaaji ===

=== Kaalis e tammborɗe posto ===
Natal Azikiwe feeñii e kaalis ₦500 leydi Naajeeriya gila hitaande 2001. Natal makko ina tawee e limlebbi postooji ɗi ɓe peeñnini e hitaande 1964, gila ndeen kadi feeñii e limlebbi goɗɗi.[150]

=== E nder pinal leñol ===
Nguurndam Azikiwe gadana ko kanko winndi, yaltinaa e hitaande 1970, tiitoonde mum ko Odyssey am: nguurndam am.

Laamu leydi Naajeeriya sosi njeenaari Zik, njeenaari ardungal hitaande kala, e hitaande 1995, ngam teddinde Azikiwe.

E hitaande 2006, Ben Obi fuɗɗii yeewtere hitaandeere Zik ngam maayde golle moƴƴe e ndonu Azikiwe.[151]

Filoosofi jaŋde Azikiwe hollitaama e nder filmo binndaaɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya.[152]

E hitaande 2023, Fedde Duke Shomolu yaltinii pijirlooji tuugiiɗi e nguurndam e jamaanu Azikiwe.

Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Michigan State sosi ‘Fedde janngooɓe Afriknaaɓe hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe’ e hitaande 2023, ngam wallitde janngooɓe Afriknaaɓe hakkunde leyɗeele MSU to Afrik ngam wiɗtooji. Njeenaari ndii ko ngam teddinde Azikiwe mo gollodii e jannginooɓe MSU ngam mahde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya) to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya.

=== Teddungal aadaaji ===
Azikiwe naatnaa e renndo Agbalanze Onitsha e innde Nnanyelugo e hitaande 1946, ko ɗum anndinde worɓe Onitsha jogiiɓe golle maantiniiɗe. E hitaande 1962, o wonti mawɗo leydi ɗiɗaɓo (Ndichie Okwa) hono Obi Oziziani.[130] Mawɗo Azikiwe toɗɗaama bana Owelle-Osowa-Anya mo Onitsha nder hitaande 1972, ɗum waɗi mo ardiiɗo ronkaaku arandeejo (Ndichie Ume) nder caltal Igbo nder laamiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya.[107]

== Miijooji politik ==
Zikism; ko miijo politik ɓurngo lollude e Nnamdi Azikiwe, faandaare mum ko ustude hakkillaaji sukaaɓe Afriknaaɓe. E sahaa nde dowlaaji Afrik ngonnoo e les njiimaandi Angalteer, Zik ƴetti filosof mum politik, hono miijo mbayliigu. Canons jowi Zikism woni &quot;Balans Ruuhu&quot;, &quot;Regeneration Sociale&quot;, &quot;Determinism Faggudu&quot;, &quot;Emancipation Mentale&quot;, e &quot;Ummital Politik&quot;. E werlaade annoore ɓurnde laaɓtude e canons, Azikiwe teeŋtinii, &quot;Ko adii fof, mi ƴettii konngol balance spirituel ngam hollirde ndimaagu teskinngu e nder ɓernde, miijo e miijo... Ɗiɗaɓere, mi mahii ƴellitaare renndo ngam hollirde ndimaagu fedde e ndimaagu diisnondiral .. Tataɓol, mi ventured e nder faggudu taprocie so I goongɗini Mi lootii hono ngool ngonka nguurndam determinism faggudu, sabu miɗo gooŋɗini miijo Karl Marx e firo faggudu daartol e nder lewru e nder Afrik fof... Nayaɓol ngol, mi fellitii waɗde yah-ngartaa e nder fannuuji hakkille ... Ko ɗum waɗi mi ƴetti tesis wonde emancipaasiyoŋ hakkille ina haani wonande Afriknaaɓe jannguɓe bonɓe. Joyaɓere ... alaa ko waawi sikkeede e Risorgimento politik Afriknaajo, nde tawnoo wellitaare ɗeen sarɗiiji ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu nguurndam, ndimaagu, e jokkude wellitaare.&quot;

Weltaare Neo; Azikiwe huutoriima pinal Afriknaaɓe e faggudu Afriknaaɓe ko adii koloñaal ngam ƴellitde miijo makko faggudu Neo-Welfarist, o wasiyii eklektisism e pragmatism ngam wonde tuugnorgal filosofi wonande neo-welfarism.[153]

Pragmatisme eklektik; Eklektik-pragmatism wonande Azikiwe ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade haa teeŋti e goongaaji keewɗi fannuuji faggudu e politik. Ko feere etaade yuɓɓinde miijooji nannduɗi e luurondirɗi, wonaa e safrude luural, kono ko e suɓaade e hawrude e ko nafata e ko waawi huutoreede e kala heen ngam heɓde paandaale yiɗde. Nii woni, pragmatisme eklektik ina wayi no ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade caɗeele Afrik e nder ƴeewndorɗe ceertuɗe e teskinɗe ɗe njiylotonoo ɗe.[154]

=== Golle ===
Zik (1961)

Odiseeji am (1971)

Afrik keso (1973)

Liberiyaa e nder politik winndere (1931)

——— (hitaande 1966). Teemedere Ciimtol Ciimtol e Yimre Rt. Hon. Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe. Duɗal njuɓɓudi e karallaagal. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2736-09-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

Sifaa siyaasaaku ngam lesdi Naajeeriya (1943)

Faggudu leydi Naajeeriya (1943)

Zik: Cuɓagol konnguɗi Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe (1961)

Daartol warngo: Goonga walla fenaande? (1946)

Ko adii men ina woodi yanaande udditiinde (1947)

Jaango Pan-Afrik (1961)

Goongaaji ngootaagu Afrik (1965)

Iwdi wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya (1969)

Mi ɗon nuɗɗina Naajeeriya gooto (1969)

Eɓɓooje jam ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya (1969)

Kaaldigal dow Laamorde Kesum ngam Naajeeriya (1974)

Taggol lesɗe ɗuuɗɗe nder Naajeeriya, limngal siyaasaaku (1974)

Demokaraasi e jeertinaango konu (1974)

Reorientaasiyoŋ miijooji Najeriya : yeewtere ñalnde 9 lewru Duujal hitaande 1976, e ñalngu udditgol kaalis dokkal UNN (1976)

Hare men ngam Ndimaagu; Kiriis luumo Onitsha (1976)

Njaafoɗen Ɓiɓɓe Men. Eeraango feewde e ardiiɓe e yimɓe Onitsha e nder caɗeele luumo (1976)

Koolol jimɗi (1977)

Soliloquies wolde nder leydi: Ko ɓuri heewde e jimɗi (1977)

Teemedde e nder miijo renndo e politik Afrik (1978)

Gartirgol Demokaraasi Naajeeriya (1978)

Golle ɓennuɗe ɗe ngalaa nanndo: Jaabawol am e caɗeele mawɗo Awolowo (1979)

Haala ɓernde (1979)

——— (hitaande 1980). Miijo ngam Naajeeriya: Kapitaalisma, Sosiyaalisma walla Weltaare?. Makmilan leydi Nijeer. h. 196. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9789781325212&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

——— (hitaande 1983). Bonannde Hoolaare e NPN.

——— (hitaande 1983). Daartol Maa Ƴeewto Goongɗinɓe.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Ngenndiyankaagal Afrik

Filoosofi Zikist

Njeenaari Zik

== Tuugnorgal ==
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      <text bytes="80850" sha1="gv428ll99s02qhuxygfsub5gea29f09" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe'''GCFR PC (HeɗtoR; 16 noowammbar 1904 – 11 [[lewru]] mee 1996),&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe {{!}} president of Nigeria|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|access-date=2022-03-26|website=[[Britannica]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya ko '''Zik mo Afrik''', ko o dawriyanke, laamuyanke, e hooreejo leydi Nijeer, o woniino hooreejo leydi Nijeer gadano gila e hitaande 1960 haa e hitaande 1960 (1963-1966).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=French|first=Howard W.|date=1996-05-14|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; O ɗon laara no baaba lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nden bo o ɗon nder ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 1960.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-10-01|title=Heroes of the struggle for Nigeria's independence/pioneer political|url=https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-05-24|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=On this day in 1904 Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe, was born in Zungeru, Niger State, North-Central Nigeria|url=http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|date=2017-11-16|website=[[Jay FM]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805081611/http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Crowcroft|first=Barnaby|title=The Radical Nationalist as Constitutional Head of State: Nigeria, 1960–66|date=2020|work=Viceregalism: The Crown as Head of State in Political Crises in the Postwar Commonwealth|pages=179–202|editor-last=Kumarasingham|editor-first=H.|series=Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-46283-3_7|isbn=978-3-030-46283-3|s2cid=226564363}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Azikiwe jibinaa ko [[Zungeru]] e nder [[Diiwal Niger|diiwaan Niger]] hannde oo, jibnaaɓe [[Igbo]] en ummoriiɓe [[Onitsha]], [[Diiwal Anambra|diiwaan Anambra]], Azikiwe janngi ɗemngal Hausa ngal woni ɗemngal ɓurngal mawnude e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange. Caggal mum o neldaa hoɗde e neene makko e neene makko to wuro makko [[Onitsha]], ɗo o janngi ɗemngal [[Igbo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=chuku|first=gloria|title=Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi|year=2011|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-0239|work=Dictionary of African Biography|access-date=2023-12-13|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.013.0239|doi-broken-date=1 July 2025|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jooɗnde haa lesdi [[Lagos]] hokki mo jannguki ɗemngal [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], nden wakkati o ɗonno haa janngirde mawnde, o anndi finaa-tawaa [[Naajeeriya]] feere-feere, nden o wolwi ɗemɗe tati mawɗe [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Aguolu|first1=C. C.|last2=Aguolu|first2=L. E.|date=1997|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, First President of Nigeria: A Force in Library Development in Nigeria|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199|journal=World Libraries|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|issn=2155-7896}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe ina yahra no feewi. O ummii ko [[Amerik]] ɗo o inniraa '''Ben Azikiwe''', o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard. O jokkondiri e laamuuji koloñaal e ɗaɓɓaande ngam wallitde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e nder Olimpiyaaji Los Angeles 1932 nde tawnoo ko kanko kadi woni atletee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/03086539908583061|title='Managing nationalism': The colonial office and Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1932–43|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=143–158|year=1999|last=Flint|first=John E.}}&lt;/ref&gt; O arti [[Afrik]] ko e hitaande 1934, o fuɗɗii golle jaayndiyankaagal to Cote d’Or ([[Gana]] hannde oo). E nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange Biritaan, Azikiwe ina daranii wonde daraniiɗo politik e jaayndiyanke, ngam ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e [[Afrik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Azikiwe fights for Africa|date=7 January 1950|work=New York Amsterdam News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol==
'''Sukaaɓe''' : '''jaŋde e mbaydi ƴeew tiitoonde'''

Kartal pelle ɗemɗe [[Naajeeriya]]: Azikiwe jibinaa ko e diiwaan Fuɗnaange e nder leydi ndi. Leydi taaniraaɓe makko, [[Onitsha]], woni ko e bannge Fuɗnaange-rewo ngenndi ndii.)

Azikiwe jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1904 to [[Zungeru]], to Fuɗnaange Nijeer. Innde makko adannde, &quot;Nnamdi&quot;, nde jibnaaɓe makko ndokki mo ko innde [[Igbo Eze South|Igbo]] nde firti ko &quot;baaba am ina wuuri&quot;. Baaba makko, Obed-Edom Chukwuemeka Azikiwe, jeyaaɗo to [[Onitsha]], ko o binndoowo e nder laamu Angalteer to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Thomas A. Johnson|date=1972-09-14|title=Nigerian Urges Uses of the Past|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/09/14/archives/nigerian-urges-uses-of-the-past-says-colonialism-left-some-things.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yumma makko Rachel Chinwe Ogbenyeanu Azikiwe (jibinaa ko Aghadiuno), mo sahaa e sahaa fof ina wiyee « Nwanonaku »&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: My Odyssey|chapter=I: My Genealogy and Nativity|publisher=Spectrum Books|date=1970|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of NNamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-06|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ko ɓiɗɗo debbo tataɓo Aghadiuno Ajie&lt;ref name=&quot;PT&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;, iwdi galle laamɗo to Onitsha; mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Ugogwu Anazenwu, ko Obi [[Onitsha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;PT2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ina joginoo miñi mum gooto, miñi mum debbo, ina wiyee Cecilia Eziamaka Arinze.&lt;ref name=&quot;PT3&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nde o woni suka, Azikiwe ina haalda ɗemngal [[Hausa language|Hausa]], ɗemngal diiwaan oo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, first president of Nigeria: A force in Library development in Nigeria.|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199/154|last=Aguolu and Aguolu|first=C.C and L.E|date=1997|journal=World Libraries|volume=7|issue=2|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaba makko, ina wondi e sunaare e 6icfcfo makko e 6amtaare [[Hausa language|Hausa]] wonaa [[Igbo]], neli mo to [[Onitsha]] e hitaande 1912 ngam hocfde e neene makko e neene makko ngam janngude 6emngal e pinal [[Igbo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Oha&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Oha|first1=Obododimma|title=Heroes of knowledge versus dragons of ignorance: language, identity construction, and intertextuality in Nnamdi Azikiwe's &quot;My Odyssey&quot;|url=http://motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/MP2303oo.html|website=motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/|access-date=8 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; To [[Onitsha]], Azikiwe janngi Duɗal Trinity Seniiɗo (duɗal misiyoŋaaji katolik en) e Duɗal Eklesiya Almasiihu (duɗal leslesal Angalteer).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concodiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (2)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concodiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-2/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2016-12-14|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1914, nde baaba makko ina gollina to Lagos, Azikiwe yani e puccu ; ɗum addani baaba makko kulɓiniiɗo neldude mo to [[Lagos]], mbele omo sella, omo jokka jaŋde e nder wuro ngo.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Ndeen o naati duɗal sukaaɓe Wesleyan, anndiraangal hannde duɗal sukaaɓe ''Methodist'', [[Lagos]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=history – MGHS|url=https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004232208/https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaba makko neldaama [[Kaduna]] duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Azikiwe jooɗii seeɗa e banndiiko gooto resnduɗo juulɗo ummoriiɗo [[Siyeraa Leyoon]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1918, o arti [[Onitsha]], o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal hakkundeewal CMS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-05-09|title=Benjamin Nnamdi &quot;Zik&quot; Azikiwe (1904–1996)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/azikiwe-benjamin-nnamdi-zik-1904-1996/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ndeen golliima e duɗal ngal ko almuudo-jannginoowo,{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} ina wallita yumma mum e ngalu mum.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1920, baaba makko artiraa to Protectorat Sud Nigeria, to wuro [[Calabar]]. Azikiwe hawri e baaba mum to [[Calabar]], o fuɗɗii jaŋde toownde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; O naati e janngirɗe Marcus Garvey,&lt;ref name=&quot;Timesdigit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|work=The Times|location=London, England|date=14 May 1996|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garveyism, ɗe ngonti huunde himmunde e haala makko ngenndiyaŋkaagal.
[[File:Azikiwe with parents.png|thumb|Azikiwe e jibnaaɓe mum, c. Kitaale 1910]]
Caggal nde o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell,&lt;ref name=&quot;Yearbook1962&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Nigeria Year Book 1962|publisher=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|year=1962|pages=112}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe artiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Methodist, to [[Lagos]], o seerti e wondiiɓe makko ummoriiɓe e galleeji ɓooyɗi Lagos ko wayi no George Shyngle, Francis Cole e Ade Williams (ɓiy [[Akarigbo mo Remo|Akarigbo Remo]]). Ɗee jokkondiral naftorii caggal ɗuum e golle makko politik to [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley ''Boys'' o ɓuri waawde jaŋde makko, o rokki deftere ina wiyee « gila e Log Cabin haa e galle ''White House'' », ko ɗum woni nguurndam [[James A. Garfield]], gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi [[Amerik]], umminooɗo e huɗo haa e moƴƴere. Deftere ndee ina addana mo pellital heɓde nafoore e nguurndam. Azikiwe nanii yeewtere [[James Aggrey]], jannginoowo mo miijii wonde Afriknaaɓe ina poti heɓde jaŋde kolees caggal leydi, ɓe ngarta e waɗde waylo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Esele, Amos|date=21 November 1994|title=Ninety hearty cheers!|work=The Week|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde yeewtere ndee joofi, Aggrey rokki suka Azikiwe doggol duɗe jaɓɓotooɗe almudɓe ɓaleeɓe to [[Amerik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}}

Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri golle koloñaal, o jaɓaa wonde binndoowo to departemaa kaalis. Wakkati maako nder kuugal koloñaal, holli mo limngal njiyaagu nder laamu koloñaal.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=69}} Suɓaade Azikiwe janngude to Amerik e nokku Angalteer, ko batte Doktoor James Kwegyr Aggrey, nguurndam hooreejo leydi A. Garfield e Abraham Lincoln, Pan-Afriknism Marcus Garvey e woodgol ballal wonande almudɓe waasɓe, tawi alaa ko heɓaa e Angalteer. E pellital yahde caggal leydi ngam ɓeydaade jaŋde, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to U.S. O jaɓaa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer College, tawi ko e dow ballal makko e yiytude laawol feewde [[Amerik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Commencement address at Storer delivered by African alumnus|date=14 June 1947|work=New Journal and Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngam yettaade [[Amerik]], o jokkondiri e laana ndiwoowa, o waɗi e makko nanondiral ngam wonde stowaway.&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono gooto e sehilaaɓe makko wonnooɓe e laana kaa rafi, ɓe wasiyii yo ɓe njippo e Sekondi. To leydi [[Gana]], Azikiwe golliima ko polis ; yumma makko yilliima, o wiyi mo yo o hoot leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. O arti, baaba makko jaɓi wallitde mo yahde [[Amerik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Heroes of the Past – Nnamdi Azikiwe – Everything But Coffee|url=https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805024303/https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harpers Ferry, to Virginie worgo. Ngam yoɓde nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko, o golliima golle keewɗe ɗe ngalaa nafoore hade makko winnditaade to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard to Washington, D.C. e hitaande 1927 ngam heɓde dipolomaaji makko e ganndal politik. E hitaande 1929, o ummii duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard o fayi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln ngam timminde jaŋde makko leslesre, o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko BA e ganndal politik e hitaande 1930.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crisis-Jan1966&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OnlineNigeria&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/people/ad.asp?blurb=66|title=Biography of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|access-date=2007-09-05|work=[www.onlinenigeria.com]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikwe ƴettii kursuuji e Alain Locke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Getachew|first=Adom|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv3znwvg|title=Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination|date=2019|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-17915-5|pages=7|doi=10.2307/j.ctv3znwvg|jstor=j.ctv3znwvg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe wonnoo ko tergal e fedde nde.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Politics and Leadership|url=http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502181928/http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2007|website=Phi Beta Sigma|access-date=7 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndeen o naatii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln to Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e sahaa gooto e hitaande 1930, o heɓi dipoloma makko ko fayti e diine e filosofi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e hitaande 1932, o heɓi kadi dipoloma makko ko fayti e anthropologie to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e hitaande 1933&lt;ref name=&quot;UPenn&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|title=Alumni, Faculty, and Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania Who Have Served as Heads of State or Government|access-date=2007-09-05|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania|University Archives and Records Center University of Pennsylvania]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205032053/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|archive-date=5 February 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/zik.asp|title=Nigeria – Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|website=www.onlinenigeria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Azikiwe wonti jannginoowo dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, ɗo o sosi janngirde daartol [[Afrik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=41}} O woniino kanndidaa ngam heɓde dipolomaaji doktoraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] hade makko hootde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e hitaande 1934.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Azikiwe May Accept Position in Liberia|date=21 July 1934|work=The New York Amsterdam News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wiɗtooji doktoraa Azikiwe ɗii ɓuri teeŋtude ko e Liberiya e nder politik winndere, e binndol makko ngol A. H. Stockwell yaltini e hitaande 1934. E nder sahaa mo o woni to [[Amerik]], o woniino winndiyanke to jaaynde Afro-Ameriknaare Baltimore, to Philadelphia Tribune e to jaaynde Associated Negro Press.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ina joginoo miijooji jaayndeeji [[Afrik]]-[[Amerik]], Garveyism e Pan-Afriknaaɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Feddeeji e renndooji ===
Fedde sukaaɓe worɓe kerecee en, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27)

Cub hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928)

Fedde binndol Stylus to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1923)

Fedde hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] (1930-32)

Fedde nguurndam, Duɗal Anthropoloji Laamu (1933)

Fedde nguurndam, fedde faggudu laamɗo (1934)

Tergal nguurndam, Fedde Angalteer ngam ɓamtaare ganndal (1947)

Fedde Ameriknaare ngam sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele (1933–34)

Fedde Annduɓe Anthropoloji Amerka (1932-1934)

Fedde ganndal siyaas Amerik (1933-34)

Fedde Annduɓe Leƴƴi Amerka (1933-34)

Koolol ganndal siwil to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1934)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anike|url=http://repository.unizik.edu.ng/bitstream/123456789/429/1/master%2C%2BAnike.pdf|website=repository.unizik.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Azikiwe playing American Football, Storer College, 1926.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe ina fija fuku [[Amerik]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926)]]

== Golle atletik ==
E fuɗɗoode golle makko, Azikiwe ina yahra e boks, atletik, njulaagu, fuku koyɗe e tennis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crisis-Jan19662&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Football ko Biritaan en ngaddi ɗum e leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] nde ɓe koloni [[Afrik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://nnu.ng/post/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|website=Nigeria News Update.|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono kala ligues sosaaɗe, ko ɗe ceerndaaɗe. Nnamdi yi'i ɗum bana tooñannge nden o wurti bee hooreejo to bannge fijirle jokkirgol e siyaasaaku haa timmoode jamaanu koloñaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sports and the Modernity of Leisure in Nigeria: Stadium Space and the Symbolisms of Expressions, 1930–1980|url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/61376/OBASA-DISSERTATION-2015.pdf?sequence=1|last=Olusegun|first=Obasa|date=2015|website=repositories.lib.utexas.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1934, Zik haɗaama tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu leydi Nijeer jaɓaaka tawtoreede. Ɗum waɗii sahaa goɗɗo sabu iwdi makko Igbo, Zik fellitii wonde ina heddi, o yiɗi sosde fedde makko. Nnamdi sosi fedde Zik's ''Athletic Club'' (ZAC) nde udditanta dame mum ngam fijirde worɓe e rewɓe kala leƴƴi, leƴƴi, leƴƴi, e kala fannuuji leydi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nationalist Period|url=http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|website=Sports and Politics in British West/Central Africa|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805025704/http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1942, fedde nde yahi haa heɓi Ligue [[Lagos]] e Kop ''Memorial War''. Caggal ɗeen nafooje, Nnamdi udditi caɗeele ZAC goɗɗe e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] fof. E nder duuɓi wolde ZAC ina yaha njilluuji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe Facts|url=https://biography.yourdictionary.com/nnamdi-azikiwe|website=biography.yourdictionary.com|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Matchs'' ZAC ɗon waɗa nder lesdi ndi'i fuu, nden ɗum waɗi yimɓe [[Naajeeriya]] ɗon mari haaje kawtal e lesdi ndi'i ngam wallugo ɓe haɓugo ndimu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Establishment and the Achievements of the National Sports Commission in Nigeria|url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=osu1487093435463141&amp;disposition=inline|last=Abioye|first=Joseph Adegboyega|date=1980|website=etd.ohiolink.edu}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1949, won e fukuyaŋkooɓe ZAC tawtoraama njillu to Angalteer. E gartugol maɓɓe e njillu ngu ɓe njooɗii to Freetown, Siyeraa Leyoon, e leydi Najeriya fooli yimɓe nokku oo e golle 2. Ndee nasaraaku ko ɓuri duuɓi sappo ko adii jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya]], kono ko nde jibinannde kippu ngenndiijo leydi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigerians Love For Football; is it too much?|url=https://soccernet.ng/2015/03/nigerians-love-for-football-is-it-too.html|date=2015-03-23|website=Soccernet.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E joofnirde, caggal duuɓi hare, e hitaande 1959, jaagorde Angalteer cakkitiinde yalti NFA, ñalnde 22 ut 1960, jonte seeɗa ko adii jeytaare mum, [[Naajeeriya]] naati e fedde fuku koyɗe winndereere wiyeteende FIFA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pictures &amp; Documents: FIFA at 114, How Nigeria Became a Member|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|date=2018-05-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175655/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;Hay heen gootal waawaano wonde so wonaano Nnamdi Azikiwe. O hawti [[Naajeeriya]] bee fijirde nden o waddi hakkilo lesdi ndi'i wi'eteeɗum 'Nigerian-ness'.

=== Jaambaraagal dingiral ===
Sosɗo, ZiKs ''Athletic Club'' (e MRB. Oltun) ngam ɓamtugo fijooji, boksi, kirikit, njuulu e tennis nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]].

Gooliiɗo e yeeso, duɗal sukaaɓe metodist, [[Lagos]] (1921)

Jaagorgal, Diwgol toowngol, M.B.H.S, e Jaagorgal, Ñalngu Laamu (1921)

Jaagorɗo, tedduɗo, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27)

Jaagorgal &amp; Medaal kaŋŋe, Diwgol toowngol, Pijirlooji hakkunde duɗe HU (1926);

Medaal kaŋŋe, doggol leydi, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, e diwgol toowngol, kawgel kaalis to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926)

Medaal, Pentatlon, kawgel kolees Storer (1925)

Kapiteen, fedde janngirde Storer (1927)

Medaal kaŋŋe, taƴoowo leydi, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1921)

Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, maraton Laurel-Baltimore (1927)

Jaagorɗo, dogdu ɓaleeru, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928)

Kapiteen gooto, fedde fuku koyɗe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1930)

Doggol kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel ɗiɗmel hakkunde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cheyney (1930)

Medaal kaalis, doggudu kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel hakkunde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hampton Virginia (1931)

Jaaliiɗo toɓɓere, dogdu Baltimore (1929, 1930)

Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, dogdu Richmond (1931)

Toɓɓere Dowla, A.A.U. Kaɓirɗe hakkunde leyɗeele (1932)

Medaal kaŋŋe, dogdu 1 000 yard, Pijirlooji Kaledoni to Brooklyn, New York (1932)

Medaal kaŋŋe, Doggol Kilomeeteer gooto, e Doggol Kilomeeteer tati, Y MC.A. Pijirlooji, New York (1932)

Koppi kaalis, dogdu feccere kiloomeeteer, e keɓɗo kopporeeje kaalis e nder dogdu kiloomeeteer gooto, kawgel ñalngu ladde Demokaraasi, New Haven, Connecticut (1933)

Ɗiɗaɓo (e G.K Dorgu), kawgel tennis worɓe ɗiɗo Lagos, diɗɗal B (1938)

Nafooje (gorko Anchor), Kippu ZAC e nder kawgel njulaagu [[Lagos]] (1939)

Nasti ngam daranaago lesdi Naajeeriya nder fijirde Half-Mile e One Mile Run nder fijirde laamu lesdi Biritaniya nder hitaande 1934, ammaa A.A.A lesdi Biritaniya sali mo ngam 'daliilu karallaaku'. (Ngolɗoo jaɓgol addani mo winndude ɓataake lolluɗo, o woppi innde makko e ɗemngal Engele, hono Benjamin)

=== Tergal ===
Fedde fuku koyɗe Diamant (1922-24)

Fedde fijooji Merkiir to New York (1932-34)

Kaɓirgal tennis to Akra (1935-1937)

Patron, fedde fijirde Zik (gila 1956)

Hooreejo, Fedde Kirikit [[Naajeeriya]] (1940–44)

Hooreejo, Fedde Njulaagu [[Naajeeriya]] (1938–41)

Cukko hooreejo, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e boksi leydi Nijeer (gila 1949)

Hooreejo fedde fuku koyɗe diiwaan [[Lagos]] (1951-1954)

Hooreejo, Fedde Fijooji Amateur [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1952)

Hooreejo, Fedde ''Tennis'' Tabal [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1953)

Cukko Patron e tergal Goomu, Goomu Olimpiyaade Nijeer, e Fedde Pijirlooji Laamu Biritaan e ''Commonwealth'' (gila 1951)

&lt;ref&gt;Alegi, Peter (2010). African Soccerscapes: How a Continent Changed the World's Game. Ohio University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-89680-278-0}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ​&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Before Joining FIFA and CAF; Nigeria FA was Affiliated to the FA in England|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|date=2018-08-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804235509/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/nnamdi-azikiwe/|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: How do We Remember Nigeria's First President? – HistoryVille|date=16 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle binndol ==

=== Jaaynde jaayndeyaagal e tafngo ===
Rewɓe ɓee ndaranii yoɓde njoɓdi Angalteer e hitaande 1929, ko ɗum seedtini warngooji keewɗi e nder Opobo, tawi ko soldateeɓe Angalteer ardii ɗum en e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange. Azikiwe, nde nani kewu nguu, winndi winndannde ñaawoore tiitoonde mum ko ‘Warde rewɓe e nder leydi Nijeer’, nde o woni e janngude haa jooni to Amerik e hitaande 1930, e ɓataake mo o winndi e oon sahaa, daraniiɗo hakkeeji siwil ''Pan''-[[Afrik]], hono W. E. B. Du Bois. Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Azikiwe winndi deftere makko adannde wiyeteende ‘Liberia e nder politik winndere’ e hitaande 1931.

Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiriino wonde jaagorgal caggal leydi to leydi Liberiya, kono o saliima sabu o wonaa jeyaaɗo e leydi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist|work=The Journalist|url=https://www.thejournalist.org.za/pioneers/nnamdi-azikiwe-african-philosopher-scholar-and-eminent-journalist|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1934, nde Azikiwe warti [[Lagos]], o anndaa no feewi, o yi’aama no neɗɗo tedduɗo e won e renndo [[Lagos]] e [[Igbo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://www.ekwendigbo.com/index.php/en/profiles/blessed-memories/83-nnamdi-azikiwe|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805055431/http://www.ekwendigbo.com/index.php/en/profiles/blessed-memories/83-nnamdi-azikiwe|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 August 2020|website=www.ekwendigbo.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; O jaɓɓaama e juuɗe yimɓe seeɗa, kolliri binndi makko to [[Amerik]] ina laaɓi ina njottii [[Naajeeriya]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=38}} To leydi Nijeer, faandaare Azikiwe adannde ko heɓde darnde fotnde e jaŋde makko ; caggal ɗaɓɓaande keewnde nde o heɓaani (ina heen ngam heɓde posto janngingol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'', [[Lagos]]), o jaɓi ɗaɓɓaande jom jawdi en [[Gana|Ganaa]] biyeteeɗo Alfred Ocansey ngam wonde gardiiɗo sosɗo jaaynde wiyeteende ''African Morning Post'', jaaynde hesere ñalnde kala to [[Accra]], [[Gana|Ganaa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-01-07|title=Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://thenigerianhistory.wordpress.com/dr-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|website=our history|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; O rokkaama junngo ngam dogginde jaaynde ndee, o ƴetti gollotooɓe mum heewɓe e asliiji ɗii.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Azikiwe winndi &quot;''The Inside Stuff by'' Zik&quot;, deftere nde o winndi e nder mum ko fayti e ngenndiyaŋkaagal radikal e manngu ɓaleejo, ko ɗum addani won e kulhuli e nder dingiral koloñaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African graduate of Lincoln creates stir in his native land|date=22 August 1936|work=New Journal and Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko o editor, o ƴelliti ajendaaji ngenndiyaŋkooɓe daraniiɓe [[Afrik]].&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuri Smertin siftinii binndol makko ngol ko, &quot;binndanɗe cemmbinɗe e haalaaji renndo ɗi cemmbini njuɓɓudi koloñaal gonndi ndii : keeri hakke Afriknaaɓe hollirde miijooji mum en, e njiyaagu njiyaagu&quot;. Yuri kadi ñiŋii ɓeen Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e ‘elite’ renndo koloñaal, yiɗɓe jogaade njuɓɓudi gonndi ndii, nde tawnoo ɓe njiyri ɗum ko « tuugnorgal wellitaare maɓɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://thenigerianhistory.wordpress.com/dr-nnamdi-azikiwe/|date=2013-01-07|website=our history|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nder dumunna mo Azikiwe woni e Accra, o yahri yeeso e filosof makko [[Afrik]] keso mo o ƴeewti caggal ɗuum e nder deftere makko, [[Afrik]] Renas50&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Long awaited Zik's Day preps in Anambra|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/11/14/long-awaited-ziks-day-preps-in-anambra/|date=2019-11-14|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E nder miijo filosof, Azikiwe wiyi wonde « ko leydi ɗo Afriknaaɓe ceertata e leƴƴi e laamuuji gaadanteeji, mbaylee e kuule filosof joy : ballondiral ruuhu, ƴellitaare renndo, pellital faggudu, ndimaagu hakkille e ngenndiyaŋkaagal risorgimento ». Azikiwe ronkaani politik Gold Coast, kadi jaaynde ndee ina wallita lannda Mambii nokku oo.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=41}} ''The Post'', jaaynde nokkuure ndee yaltinii winndannde ñalnde 15 mee 1936, &quot;Mbele Afriknaajo ina jogii Alla?&quot; ko [[I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson]], e Azikiwe (hono winndiyanke) ñaawaama sabu fitinaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; O fuɗɗii ko ñaaweede, o ñaawaa lebbi jeegom kasoo. E dow fenaande makko, Zik hollitii, &quot;so tawii ko mi kuutorgal daɗndo ngal imperiyaalisma e nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange foti luulndaade e liɓde, kadi so tawii e nder ndeeɗoo njillu miɗo foti yoɓde njoɓdi ɓurndi toowde, ndeen alaa ko haani mi diwde walla mi diwta. Miɗo wondi e hoolaare ñalnde kala wonde the ''New'' restinality ina waawi wonde les [[Afrik]] keso oo stem it. Hay maayde am waawaa jokkude kristal mum.&quot; Caggal ɗuum o woppitaa e Ñaawirde Toownde [[Afrik]] Hirnaange.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe and the vision of a united Africa|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/magazine/politicalreforms/Nnamdi-Azikiwe-and-the-vision-of-a-united-Africa/1843776-5116596-15o8e3tz/index.html|website=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Nnamdi Azikiwe in Office, 1937.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe e nder biro mum, hitaande 1937]]
Azikiwe warti [[Lagos]] nder hitaande 1937, o sosi jaaynde wiyeteende ''West African Pilot'', jaaynde nde o huutortoo ngam ɓamtude ngenndiyaŋkaagal e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], fedde Zik ''Group'' sosi jaayndeeji jowitiiɗi e toɓɓe politik e faggudu e nder gure teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndii fof.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Uche|first1=Luke Uka|title=Mass Media, People, and Politics in Nigeria|date=1989|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaaynde ɓurnde mawnude e fedde ndee ko ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo, nde huutorii ko konngol [[Dante Alighieri]] « Hollit annoore, yimɓe ɓee keɓata laawol » ngam waɗde heen konngol mum. Binndanɗe goɗɗe ko ''Defender'' [[Naajeeriya]] Fombinaari ummoriiɗo Warri (caggal mum [[Ibadan]]), Gardiiɗo Fuɗnaange (sosaaɗo e hitaande 1940, yaltinaa to Port Harcourt), e Kaaloowo [[Naajeeriya]] to [[Onitsha]].{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=204}} Ko e hitaande 1944, fedde ndee heɓti deftere [[Dusé Mohamed Ali]] wiyeteende La Comète. Jaaynde Azikiwe ko njulaagu, kadi ko kuutorgal ngam politik e wallitde.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=195}} ''Pilot'' oo ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e yeeyde ko ɓuri heewde ko e ''circulation'', ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu firms expatriés ɓuri waawde faggudu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=199}} Jaayɗe Azikiwe keewɗe teeŋtinii sensationalisme e daartol nafoore aadee ; ''the Pilot'' nastini yewtere fijirle e ta'irde rewɓe, ɓesdi yewtere dow kuuɗe [[Naajeeriya]] to ɗum hawti bee limngal limngal limngal limngal limngal ''Daily Times'' (ngal teddini limngal limngal yimɓe lesdi feere e limngal lesdi feere).{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=200}} Doggol Pilot gadanol ngol ko 6 000 ekkol ñalawma kala ; e tolno mum ɓurɗo mawnude e hitaande 1950, nde ina yaltina ko ina tolnoo e 20 000 ekkol.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=203}} Azikiwe sosi gollorɗe njulaagu goɗɗe (hono Banke Kontinental [[Afrik]] e Restoran Penny) e oon sahaa, o huutorii jaayɗe makko ngam yeeyde ɗe.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=42}}

Ko adii wolde adunaare ɗimmere, ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-11-29|title=The Sage and his Jewel: A society wedding in Ikenne Remo, By Tayo Agunbiade|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/568055-the-sage-and-his-jewel-a-society-wedding-in-ikenne-remo-by-tayo-agunbiade.html|access-date=2022-12-26|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; yiytaa ko no kaayitaaji etaade mahde tuugnorgal cirkulaasiyoŋ wonaa radikal peeñɗo. Editorialji ɓataake oo e yeewtere politik ndee ina teeŋtini tooñanngeeji baɗeteeɗi e [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]], e ñiŋde njuɓɓudi koloñaal e ballal miijooji eliteeji jannguɓe to [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=42}} Kono, e hitaande 1940, waylo-waylo seeɗa-seeɗa waɗi. No o waɗiri e jaaynde ''African Morning Post'' nii, Azikiwe fuɗɗii winndude lowre wiyeteende &quot;''Inside Stuff''&quot;, nde o etotoo sahaa e sahaa fof ƴellitde hakkillaaji politik.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=221}}Editorialuuji jaaynde ndee ina noddi jeytaare [[Afrik]], haa teeŋti noon caggal nde dille jeytaare Inndo ummii.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=221}} Hay so tawii kaayitaaji ɗii ina mballita Angalteer e nder wolde nde, ɗi ñiŋii peeje ustude ngalu ko wayi no ƴellitde cogguuli e ustude njoɓdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;lifeandtimesnews.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-4/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Sun News|date=2017|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1943, Diiso Angalteer (Conseil britannique) wallitii rewooɓe [[Afrik]] worgo 8 (ina heen Azikiwe), kanko e rewooɓe 6 woɗɓe ɓe kuutoriima fartaŋŋe ngam humpitaade jeytaare politik potnde waɗeede. Jaayndiyankooɓe ɓee ciifi ɓataake ngam ɗaɓɓude peeje moƴƴe renndo-politik seeɗa-seeɗa, tawa ina jeyaa heen ittugol njuɓɓudi koloñaal korona, wakilaagu diiwaanuuji e jeytaare koloñaaluuji [[Afrik]] hirnaange Angalteer e hitaande 1958 walla 1960.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=220}} ''Memorandum'' oo, biro koloñaal oo yejjiti ɗum, ɗum ɓeydi fitinaaji Azikiwe.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=233}}

Omo jogii nafoore mawnde e jaayɗe ko ina tolnoo e 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] njiylotoo. Binndanɗe Azikiwe ko faati e ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Afrik]], mawnikinaare ɓaleeɓe e doole mum en, njibinii politikaaji koloñaal en heewɓe, naftorii [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] heewɓe ŋakkiraaɓe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|website=DREAM WORLD PIONEERS VENTURES|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804162946/http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaayɗe Fuɗnaange [[Afrik]] ina keewi yaltude e ɗemngal [[Suwahili]], so wonaa jaayɗe kabaruuji ko wayi ''no East African Standard''. Azikiwe wayliima no feewi e nder jaayɗe [[Afrik]] worgo, hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore. E hitaande 1950, jaayɗe joy ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe [[Afrik]] toppitii e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange (ina heen jaaynde Nigerian Daily Times) ɓuri ''Pilot'' yeeyde. Ñalnde 8 [[lewru]] juko hitaande 1945, laamu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] haɗi Azikiwe ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] hirnaange e ''Daily Comet'' ngam hollirde ko boni e humpitooji ko faati e seppo mawngo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist|work=The Journalist|url=https://www.thejournalist.org.za/pioneers/nnamdi-azikiwe-african-philosopher-scholar-and-eminent-journalist|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe hay so jaɓii ɗum, o jokki e yaltinde binndanɗe ko faati e seppo ngoo e nder jaaynde wiyeteende ''Guardian'' (jaaynde makko Port Harcourt). O ardii seppo mawngo e hitaande 1945, o woni hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] fuɗnaange gila 1954 haa 1959.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi {{!}} Infoplease|url=https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/asia-africa/african-bios/azikiwe-benjamin-nnamdi|website=www.infoplease.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kitaale 1960, caggal jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ''Pilot'' ngenndiijo [[Afrik]] hirnaange ina teskaa e fuɗnaange. Azikiwe ƴettii faandaare teeŋtunde e pelle politik ɗe njiɗnoo ko ittude. O ñiŋaama e fedde [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] en sabu huutoraade jaaynde makko ngam haɗde luulndaade miijooji makko. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde The New York Times wiyi wonde o &quot;toowiima e geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder [[Afrik]], o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teskeede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Times&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=French|first1=Howard W.|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=8 November 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=14 May 1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Azikiwe and Zungur in London 1949.png|thumb|Azikiwe e [[Sa'adu Zungur]] to Londres (1949)]]

== Azikiwe olle politik ==
wonti golloowo e nder fedde sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]] (NYM), fedde ngenndiyaŋkoore arandeere e nder leydi ndi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-05-03|title=The Nigerian Youth Movement (1934–1951)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/nigerian-youth-movement-1934-1951/|access-date=2022-12-26|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so tawii o walliino [[Samuel Akisanya]] ngam wonde kanndidaa NYM ngam heɓde jooɗorde wootere e nder Diiso sarɗiiji e hitaande 1941, tawi diiso doosɗe suɓiima [[Ernest Ikoli]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Sklar 2004 53–54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=53–54|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe wurtini NYM, o tuumi ardungal ɓurngal ɗuuɗugo nder Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama yimɓe Ijebu-Yoruba'en e Igbo'en. Won e terɗe Ijebu ndewi e makko, pecci dille ɗee e laabi leƴƴi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sklar 2004 53–542&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=53–54|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; O naati nder siyaasaaku, o sosi kawtal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e lesdi [[Kamerun|Kameruun]] (NCNC) bee [[Herbert Macaulay]] nder hitaande 1944. Azikiwe laati hooreejo kawtal ngal nder hitaande 1946. NCNC hawti bee lanndaaji lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], kawtal fina-tawaa, e kawtal kuugal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], Kawtal Rewbe Demokaraasi [[Naajeeriya]] ekn lannda woni lannda siyaasa tataɓal sosaangal nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]] ɓaawo lannda ''Democratic National'' [[Naajeeriya]] (kañum ne sosi ɗum [[Herbert Macaulay]]), e Mouvement Sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]]. Terɗe lannda kaa teeŋtuɗe ina njeyaa heen; [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti|Fumilayo Ransome-Kuti]], [[M.I.Okpara]], J.O. Fadahunsi, [[Eyo Ita]], [[Margaret Ekpo]], [[Raymond Njoku]], F.S. McEwen, [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]],[[Timote Paul Birabi]], A.K. Blankson, [[Dennis Osadebay|Denis Osadebay]], e [[TOS Benson]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=57–58|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tuumeede fedde ===
Sabu ballal Azikiwe e seppo mawngo e [[lewru]] suwee 1945 e njanguuji makko e laamu koloñaal, bayyinaango ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] hirnaange dartinaama ñalnde 8 sulyee ndeen hitaande.&lt;ref name=&quot;DR. BENJAMIN NNAMDI AZIKIWE&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://ilanssenyange.wixsite.com/ilannews/single-post/2017/11/10/DR-BENJAMIN-NNAMDI-AZIKIWE|website=ilannews|date=10 November 2017|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; O yetti liggotooɓe seppooɓe ɓee e hooreejo maɓɓe, [[Michael Imoudu]], o tuumi laamu koloñaal ina huutoroo liggotooɓe.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} E [[lewru]] ut, jaaynde ndee jaɓaama fuɗɗaade yaltude.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=255}} E nder seppo ngo, Azikiwe ummini alarm ko faati e peeje warngooji ɗi yimɓe ɓe nganndaaka, gollotooɓe e innde laamu koloñaal.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} Daartol makko e tuumeede ko mesaas wireless mo jaayndiyanke ''Pilot'' nanngi.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=200}} Caggal nde o heɓi mesaas mo o taƴi oo, Azikiwe naati suuɗde to [[Onitsha]]. ''Pilot'' yaltinii binndanɗe yurmeende e sahaa nde o alaa, kadi Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe ina ngoongɗini daartol warngo ngoo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-11-16|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: A True National Hero|url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/nnamdi-azikiwe-a-true-national-hero/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-09-11|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nwafor|first=Emmanuel Mordi|date=2018|title=The role of the press in the democratic process: The example of Nigeria's First Republic, 1960–1966|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328234488|journal=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lowre Azikiwe, e cirƴam jaayndeeji makko, ɓeydii e ooɗoo sahaa. Tuume ɗee ina cikki won e Naajeeriyankooɓe, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o waɗi ɗe ngam ɓamtude darnde makko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nwafor|first=Emmanuel Mordi|date=2018|title=The role of the press in the democratic process: The example of Nigeria's First Republic, 1960–1966|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328234488|journal=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sikke alaa ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko politikaaji Yoruba en ummoriiɓe e fedde sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]], ko ɗum waɗi luural hakkunde pelle ɗee e hare jaayndeeji hakkunde ''Pilot'' Azikiwe e ''Daily Service NYM.''
[[File:Members of Zikist Movement.jpg|thumb|Terɗe fedde Zikist en]]

=== Diɗɗal Zikist en ===
Sukaaɓe ɓee kawri ngam haɓaade laamu koloñaal Angalteer. Gooto e fedde sukaaɓe hono ndee ko Zikist en. Diɗɗal sukaaɓe ngal alaa ko bonnata – e gardagol Kolawole Balogun, Raji Abdallah, Osita Agwuna, M. C. K. Ajuluchukwu e Abiodun Aloba – sosaa ko e hitaande 1946 ngam daranaade nguurndam Azikiwe e miijooji mum laamu hoore mum. Kola Balogun woni hooreejo gadano dillere Zikist en. E lewru feebariyee 1946, Balogun neldi noddaango fotde sukaaɓe 20 to Lagos, ngam naamnaade miijo maɓɓe e geɗe ngenndiije. E nder capanɗe ɗiɗi ɗee, sappo e ɗiɗo njaabiima, ɗum addani sosde Diɗɗal Zikist, nde tawnoo ɓeen worɓe ngontii terɗe sosɗe maggal. Nwafor Orizu sinci helmere 'Zikism' diga Azikiwe nde laati innde diina man.[89] O wonaa tergal e dillere nde kono ko o sehil ɓadiiɗo e jiɗɗo Azikiwe, kadi omo jeyaa e sukaaɓe heewɓe ɓe Azikiwe doolni ngam janngude to Amerik, e sara Eyo Ita e KO Mbadiwe. Raji Abdallah wonti hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo fedde Zikist, caggal nde Balogun ummii Londres, o golliima gila 1948 haa 1949. O waɗii nafoore mawnde e heɓde ballal to bannge worgo e jeyeede e fedde nde. Abdallah e Osita Agwuna (jaagorde makko) ko ɓooyaani koo mbaɗi fedde wiyeteende “Anti-Colour Bar Mouvement” (ACBM) to Kano, fedde nde ina luulndii njiyaagu seerndude ɓaleeɓe e ɓaleeɓe e nder leydi Nijeer. ACBM caggal mum fusi e nder fedde Zikist ɓurnde mawnude.[90] No Balogun nii, e hitaande 1948, Abdallah riiwaa e golle mum e nder sarwiis jaayndeeji Kano, sarwiis jaayndeeji rajooji. Ko riiwtude mo addani mo ɓeydaade jokkondirde e Mouvement Zikist. O riiwaa sabu naatgol makko e dillere Zikist ina sikkaa ko politik ɓurɗo laaɓtude wonande golloowo laamu.

Abdallah ñaawaa caggal mum ñalnde 7 noowammbar 1948 to Ñaawirde Toownde Lagos, ɗo o waɗi konngol, o wiyi nii, &quot;Ɗum ko ñalawma teeŋtuɗo no feewi. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude, ma a taw e nder daartol leydi men. Miɗo noddira ɗum ko ɓuri teeŋtude sabu ko hannde pot-ɗen fellitde, mbele eɗen poti anndude hol ko foti wonde freemen walla alaa?&quot; &quot;Miɗo yiɗi Union Jack e ɓernde am fof. Sabu so wonaa e nder leydi Angalteer, ɗo yahrata fof; woɗɗi hawrude, ina renndini yimɓe ɓee. Mi alaa ko njogiimi e laamɗo George VI mo Angalteer. Kono miɗo yiɗi Crown leydi Angalteer e ɓernde am fof. Ngam miin e banndiraaɓe am, ko maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, ko juuti e inige petition. En njaltii e duuɓi dipolomasi. Ko ɗum waɗi, miɗo ɗoo jamma, ngam noddirde spade ko spade, e machete ko machete.&quot; &quot;Hande, min, Habibu Raji Abdallah, bee mo'ere Allah, hooreejo lesdi Zikist Movement e Field Secretary NCNC, mi ɗon anndina hoore am mi ɓii lesdi Naajeeriya jeytaare e jeytaare. Mi walaa gooŋgaaku haa kala laamu jananndu, nden boo nder walaa' laamu lesdi Naajeeriya e heforth ngam yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya; haani ɗooftaade kala sariya, ko wonaa sariyaaji ɓiɗɓe leydi Najeriya, aadaaji e sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele. Ko ɗum waɗi, mi yoɓataa njoɓdi ndii e ooɗoo laamu.Ngam so a yoɓii, ɓe kuutortoo ko kaalis ngam duumaade njiimaandi maɓɓe e dow maa.&quot;[citation needed] E dow ñaawoore makko, o jaabtii e mitigation Greggcitation, presitation,

&quot;so tawii aɗa gooŋɗini e goonga wonde ko bonannde haɓaade ndimaagu, ndeen noon, e kala sahaa, ñaaw am haa mi wara. So tawiino miɗo woppitee hannde, mi waawaa rokkude hoolaare ngam muusde ɗemngal am. Miin noon, ɓernde am ina laaɓi, miɗo weltii e accude ñaawoore sakkitiinde nde So rifatho, the fuverill to weltaare waɗɓe ma ɗoo mi acca ñaawoore sakkitiinde ndee e Alla.”

[90][91][92] Konnguɗi makko lolluɗi ɗii njahdi ko caggal keeri leydi Najeriya, ɗi njaɓaa ko e lannda leƴƴi kawral (CPP) mo Kwame Nkrumah to Cote d’Or (hannde Ganaa). Laamu koloñaal jaɓaani moƴƴere e les njiimaandi rewolison e nulal Abdallah. Ko ɗum waɗi Abdallah e ardiiɓe fedde Zikist en nayo nanngaa, ɓe tuumaama ko ɓe fitinaaji.[89] Ndeeɗoo ƴaañgal e ardorde Zikist en addani njuɓɓudi goɗndi e nder Diɗɗal Zikist en, addani Nduka Eze yaltude hooreejo leydi, caggal nde Abdallah sokaa, Mokwugo Okoye wonti sekreteruuji mawɗi. Zikist en, e nder yontaaji, njaltii e NCNC, ɓuri ngenndiyaŋkooɓe e njuɓɓudi jibinannde mum en. Ofiseeji koloñaal en njiyri dille Zikist en ko renndo ngo rewaani laawol, ɓe njaltini yamiroore (Order-in-Council), ɓe kaɗi dille Zikist en ñalnde 12 abriil 1950. Caggal ɗuum fedde nde fusi, terɗe mayre mbayli e politik, e njulaagu, e laamu aadaaji.[]39]

=== Luulndaade doosgal leydi Richards ===
E hitaande 1945, guwerneer leydi Biritaan biyeteeɗo Arthur Richards hollitii eɓɓooje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi Clifford ɗe hitaande 1922.[70] Ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndee ɓeydugol terɗe Afrik toɗɗaaɗe e Diiso sarɗiiji. Kono waylooji ɗii ko ngenndiyankooɓe hono Azikiwe luulndii ɗum en.[74] Politiyankooɓe NCNC njaɓaani kuule ɗe Arthur Richards ƴetti, kam e kuulal doosgal leydi ndi ina ɗaɓɓi terɗe Afriknaaɓe nay cuɓaaɗe tan ; heddiiɓe ɓee maa ngona kanndidaaji toɗɗaaɗi.[94] Kanndidaaji Afriknaaɓe toɗɗaaɗi ɗii ko lolluɓe laamu koloñaal, tee ɓe njiɗaa laamu hoore maɓɓe e dow fenaande. Daartol luulndo ngoɗngol ko ŋakkeende nafoore ngam yahrude yeeso Afriknaaɓe e jappeere laamu toownde. NCNC ina hebli ngam haɓaade haala mum e laamu kesu nguu, hono Clement Attlee to leydi Angalteer.[95] Jaɓɓungal leydi ndi fuɗɗii ngam humpitaade ko woni e lannda ka, e dañde kaalis ngam seppo leydi Angalteer.[96] Hooreejo lannda NCNC, Herbert Macaulay maayi e nder njillu ngu, Azikiwe ƴetti ardaade lannda ka. O ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo haa Londres, ngam heblude njillu nguu, o yahi Amerik ngam ɗaɓɓude yurmeende e haala lannda kaa. Azikiwe hawri e Eleanor Roosevelt to Hyde Park, o haali ko fayti e &quot;rimɗinde leydi Naajeeriya e maccungaagu politik, ŋakkeende kisal faggudu e ŋakkeende renndo&quot;.[97]

Delegaasiyoŋ Angalteer ina jeyaa heen Azikiwe, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Zanna Dipcharima, Abubakar Olorunimbe, P. M. Kale, Adeleke Adedoyin e Nyong Essien. Ɓe njilliima Biro Kolonial Fedde Fabian, Goomu Laamɗo Gollotooɓe e Dental Almudɓe Afrik Hirnaange ngam humpitaade eɓɓooji mum ngam waylude doosɗe leydi 1922. Ina jeyaa e eɓɓooje NCNC, jokkondirde e Afriknaaɓe ko faati e waylooji doosɗe leydi Najeriya, ɓeydude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo e ustude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji hakkundeejo to bannge difagol, kaalis e geɗe caggal leydi.[100] Delegaasiyoŋ oo yettinii eɓɓaaɗe mum to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe koloñaal, kono ko seeɗa tan waɗi ngam waylude eɓɓaaɗe Richards. Doosgal Richards fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1947, Azikiwe haɓa e gooto e jooɗorɗe Lagos ngam leeltinde golle mum.[101]

=== Duuɓi 1950 haa 1953 ===
E nder doosgal leydi Richards, Azikiwe suɓaama e nder Diisnondiral Legislatif e nder wooteeji municipaal Lagos ummoraade e lannda Demokaraasi ngenndiijo (fotde NCNC).[102] Kanko e wakiliijo lannda makko ɓe tawtoraaka batu gadano diisnondiral ngal, kadi agitaasiyoŋ ngam waylude doosgal leydi Richards addani doosgal leydi Macpherson.[74] Doosgal Macpherson fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1951, hono no doosgal Richards nii, noddi wooteeji e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo. Azikiwe saliima waylooji ɗii, o haɓanaaki fartaŋŋe waylude doosgal leydi kesal ngal.

Wooteeji limtaaɗi mbaɗaama tuggi lewru ut haa lewru desaambar 1951.[103] To Diiwaan Hirnaange (ɗo Azikiwe darinoo ɗoo), lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɓuri heen heewde : NCNC mo Azikiwe e Goomu golle. Woote Asaambele diiwaan Hirnaange mbaɗaama e lewru suwee e desaambar 1951 sabu doosgal leydi ndii ina ɗaɓɓi e kollirɗe woote ngam suɓaade terɗe suudu sarɗiiji ngenndi ; ko ɓuri heewde e Action Group e nder suudu nduu ina waawi haɗde Azikiwe yahde suudu sarɗiiji.[104] O heɓi jooɗorde asamblee diiwaan oo gila Lagos, kono lannda luulndo ngoo wiyi ina jogii ɓural e nder suudu sarɗiiji, Azikiwe kadi daranaaki Lagos e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde. E hitaande 1951, o wonti hooreejo luulndo laamu Obafemi Awolowo to suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan hirnaange. Azikiwe suɓaaka e nder batu ngenndi, waɗii jiiɓru e nder hirnaange.[105] Nanondiral hakkunde terɗe NCNC cuɓaaɗe ummoriiɗe Lagos ngam woppude Azikiwe so tawii o suɓaaka, yanii. Azikiwe tuumi doosgal leydi, o yiɗi ko waylooji mbaɗee. NCNC (mo jiimi e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange) jaɓi, e ƴettude peeje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi.[106]

Azikiwe ummiima to Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1952,[107][108] e batu diiwaan mo NCNC ɓuri heewde oo waɗi eɓɓooje ngam jaɓɓaade mo. Hay so tawii jaagorɗe diiwaan e hakkundeeje lannda kaa ɗaɓɓiraama yo njokku laamu e nder mbayliigu kabine, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe njaɓaani ɗaɓɓaande ndee.[109] Ndeen asaambele diiwaan oo waɗii woote ngam waasde hoolaade jaagorɗe ɗee, kadi kuule appropriation neldaaɗe to ministeer oo njaɓaaka.[81] Ɗum addani diiwaan hee ŋakkere, lietnaa-guwerneer oo fusi galle diiwaan oo. Woote kese ngartiri Azikiwe e wonde tergal Asammbele Fuɗnaange. O suɓaama hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o laati hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1954 nde ɗum warti kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya.

== Premier diiwaan Fuɗnaange ==
Azikiwe wonti hooreejo leydi diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1954 caggal nde doosgal kesal waɗtaa e golle. Komisiyoŋ faggudu diiwaan Fuɗnaange Azikiwe gollondirii e Orop e Amerik worgo ngam wallitde ƴellitaare e nder diiwaan hee, e nder njulaagu, e nder njulaagu nebam leɗɗe, e nder njamndi e kemikal e nder diiwaan hee. O mahii sosiyetee semmbe Nijeer lolluɗo to Nkalagu e nder diiwaan Ebonyi hannde oo, o fuɗɗii golle ñalnde 1 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 1955. O mahii gaas Nijeer. O sosi kadi sosiyetee gadano e nder leydi Nijeer, biyeteeɗo Niger Steel. O sosi banke ɓiɓɓe lesdi Naajeeriya arandeejo, Banke Afrik (ACB). Ummingo ACB waɗi ngomnati Hirnaange lesdi Naajeeriya sosde Banki lesdi Naajeeriya, ngomnati woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya darni banki woylaare. ACB ina waɗi nafoore e feeñde e fedde njulaagu mawnde to Fuɗnaange gila e kitaale 1950. Banki oo kadi waɗii geɗe keewɗe e ƴellitaare gonnooɗo Biafrannaaɓe e darnugol hareeji e hitaande 1970. O sosi porogaraam jaŋde baawɗo rokkude leydi Naajeeriya wontude leydi ɓurndi yaajde e yeeyde jaŋde caggal leydi e nder Afrik.

Azikiwe sosi fedde ƴellitaare fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, nde waɗii darnde mawnde e mahngo duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Nsukka, duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde gadanal e nder leydi ndi, ngal timmungal, e hitaande 1960. Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya sosaa ko ñalnde 18 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1955, caggal nde sariya ngam sosde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ngal e les njiimaandi Inter- Council Jaŋde e caggal leydi e njuɓɓudi gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele (jooni USAID), J.W. Cook (VC mo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Exeter), Dr John A. Hannah (Hooreejo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Michigan State), e Dr Glen L. Taggart, Deenoowo Porogaraamuuji hakkunde leyɗeele (MSU), ngarii e leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1958. Goomu nguu ƴeewtindiima nokku oo to Nsukka, e wiɗtude no feewi geɗe keewɗe ceertuɗe jowitiiɗe e sosde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde kesal.

Hayre nden waɗaama wakkati juulde jeytaare lesdi Naajeeriya, nde laamiiɗo debbo Alexandra mo Kent, laamiiɗo debbo Elizabeth II, wadi ɗum. Kalaasuuji puɗɗii ko ñalnde 17 oktoobar 1960 e binnditagol 220 almuudo e 13 tergal gollordu jaŋde. Nde laati Jaami'aare arandeere nder Naajeeriya, jaami'aare arandeere nde laamu lesdi Naajeeriya sosi, nden nder hitaande 1963, jaami'aare arandeere hokkata dipolomaaji lesdi Naajeeriya.[110]

E hitaande 1957, Azikiwe haaliino e nulaaɓe Angalteer e Naajeeriya e nder batu Lancaster House e hitaande 1957, ɗo doosɗe fedde nde ngam Naajeeriya jeytaare mum feewnaa. Joɗnde nde ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Biritaan ardii, waɗii won e nulaaɓe leydi Najeriya. Ardii dental ngal ko Abubakar Tafawa Balewa mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare, Obafemi Awolowo mo fedde Action, Eyo Ita mo lannda ngenndiijo jeytaare e Ahmadu Bello mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare.

Ñalnde 3 feebariyee 1959, Azikiwe jaɓɓiima Kwame Nkrumah (gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Gana keso toɗɗaaɗo) njillu to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer. O yilli suudu joonde diiwaan fuɗnaange e wondude e wondiiɓe makko, Hon. Jaagorgal ko feewti e geɗe caggal leydi, hono Kodjo Botsio e wasiyaaji ko feewti e geɗe Afrik, hono George Padmore. Nnamdi Azikiwe huutoriima ñalngu nguu, to suudu sarɗiiji fuɗnaange, ngam waɗde konngol teddinoowo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Nkrumah, o siftini no Kwame dartiniri golle Afrik.

Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1959, Azikiwe lomtii Michael Okpara, gardiiɗo diiwaan fuɗnaange. Ñalnde 28 oktoobar 1959, guwerneer seneraal Robertson habrii fusde suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, tawi ina waɗi 184 tergal, tuggi 1 noowammbar 1959, mbele woote jeytaare ina mbaɗee.

Ñalnde 12 desaambar 1959, woote parlemaa mbaɗaama to Nijeer ngam ƴamde 312 jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji. Diɗɗal lesdi Naajeeriya e Kamerun (NCNC) ngal Azikiwe woni arandeere nden heɓi 2,594,577 woote e 89 jooɗorde.

Fedde Awolowo (AG), woni 2ɓo e 1 992, 364 woote e 75 jooɗorde. Kongres yimɓe woylaare lesdi Tafawa Balewa (NPC) woni 3ɓo e 1 922 179 e 148 e nder 312 jooɗorde nder suudu sarɗiiji.

Lanndaaji tati mawɗi ɗi e nder woote ɗee mbaawaano heɓde jooɗorɗe keewɗe ngam sosde laamu. Guverneur général Robertson noddi Tafawa Balewa yo o dañ laamu ngu. Ñalnde 16 desaambar, Ahmadu Bello e Tafawa Balewa etinooma yettaade nanondiral ngam waawde jogaade laamu nguu hakkunde NPC e NCNC. Governor General humpitaama e kawral ngal, ko ɗum waɗi o jaɓi kabine sappo e jeegom mo Balewa suɓii.[111][112]

== Ndimaagu leydi Naajeeriya ==
Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 1960, parlemaa leydi Biritaan ƴetti kuulal jeytaare leydi Najeriya, hitaande 1960, ngal hokki ndimaagu leydi Najeriya. Jamma 30 suwee 1960, laana ndiwoowa British Union Jack jippinaa e kewu mawningol, tawi tedduɓe tawtoraama. Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 1960, laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Alexandra lomtotooɗo laamɗo debbo oo, udditi Parlemaa gadano leydi ndii. Doosgal kesal, sosngal njuɓɓudi fedde nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe cuɓaaɗo e hooreejo leydi kewu sosaa. Laamu kawtal NCNC e NPC woni laamu nde Naajeeriya heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, Sir Tafawa Balewa woni hooreejo leydi ndi, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo Senaa.

Ɓooytaani, Azikiwe lomtii Sir James Robertson, wonti Guwerneer Seneraal gadano e nder leydi ndii. Kono e nder doosɗe leydi Najeriya, guwerneer jeneral ko hooreejo leydi tan. Darnde Guwerneer-General e terɗe Diisnondiral Laamɗo debbo, mbaɗti Azikiwe dow politik lannda. Kabinee hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya arandeere Tafawa Balewa hawti bee; M Johnson, Bukar Dipcharima, Ayo Rosiji, Aja Wachukwu, Kolawole Balogun, e Victor Mukete (Kamerun), Samuel Akintola, Raymond Njoku, Alhaji Ribadu, Kingsley O. Mbadiwe, Festus Okotie-Eboh, e Allaji Inua Wada.[113][14]

Sir Tafawa Balewa waɗii konngol mum to nokku biyeteeɗo Race Course (hannde ko nokku Tafawa Balewa) to Lagos e nder ñalɗi jeytaare leydi ndii. E nder konngol makko o wiyi, &quot;Kewu hannde oo ko ñalngu nguu, ko ñalngu nguu fuɗɗii duuɓi sappo e joyi jooni, ngu yettiima ɗo haaɗi. Ko e manngu laaɓtungu, min mbiyata ko keɓgol Jeytaare men ngol alaa ko nanndi e mum e nder annals daartol. Kala taƴre men nde ina waɗi planfuncelly e dow doosgal men e kaaldigal udditiingal, wonaa tan hakkunde wakili’en denndaangal nafooje ceertuɗe e nder leydi Najeriya kono ko e ballondiral e laamu njuɓɓudi ndi hannde woppi laamu mum.&quot;[115]

== Gomnajo lesdi Naajeeriya ==
Nde ngon-mi suka mi yi’i gite: gite Naajeeriya wonta leydi mawndi e nder duunde Afrik ummotoonde; visions of Nigeria hokkata ndimu haa ɓe nder maccungaaku, e heɓugo laawol demokaraasi ngam ɓe ɗonno lulla nder illusion of security les laamu koloñaal..Miɗo hooli mi hoyɗan koyɗi am nder jam e ɓeydaari cemmbiɗinki yimɓe leydi am Naajeeriya. Motto fedde jeytaare leydi Naajeeriya woni Kawtal e Nuɗɗinki. Miɗo ñaagii nde ndeenten ngootaagu men, ndeentoo goonɗinal men.

— Nnamdi Azikiwe (duuɓi 1960, Londres)[116]

Azikiwe ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, hono Harold Macmillan, wasiyii mo yo lomto Sir James Robertson, e nder njillu makko to Lagos e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1960. Joɗnde Guwerneer-Jeneral fedde nde e nder haala tiitoonde, waɗi mo wakiliijo laamɗo leydi Angalteer to leydi Nijeer. Udditgol Azikiwe e lewru noowammbar 1960, seedtiima yoga e gollodiiɓe makko e nder Atlantik ɓaleejo, won heen ko Martin Luther King Jr. Du Bois, Sirli Graham Du Bois, Ami Jak Garvey, e Joorji S. Suyler.[117] Martin Luther King Jr. hollitii wonde hareeji ndimaagu e nder leydi Nijeer e nder leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ina njogii batte keewɗe e dille jojjanɗe aadee Amerik, o siftini wonde Azikiwe e ardiiɓe Afrik woɗɓe ko &quot;jaambaarooji ɓurɗi lollude e ko ɓuri heewde e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Negro en aduna o.&quot;

Haa timminorde haala maako, Zik wi'i, &quot;min, ɓe mbaawata siftoreede no haanirta nii, min mbaɗi Naajeeriya hannde, ɓe ngaddi ndimu nder leydi men, ɓe ndewi kawtal men bana lenyol&quot;, ko &quot;taariiha hokki yam geɓe mawɗe ngam mi heɓa batte duumotooɗe e ngam wadduki haaje yimɓe men.&quot; O wiyi kadi &quot;mi jogaaki miijo e wellitaare am walla hay kisal walla hay nguurndam e hoore mum, so tawii ko ɗeen ngoni coggu ngu pot-mi yoɓde ngam ardaade ngam hisnude ndimaagu e ngootaagu leydi am.&quot;[118]

Azikiwe tawtoraama batu diiwaan Afrik gadano Fedde Adunaare Golle (OIT), ngu yuɓɓinaa to Lagos, leydi Nijeer e lewru Duujal 1960. Tawtoraama heen: Mr. Johnson, jaagorgal golle leydi Nijeer e hooreejo batu nguu, Mr. Demby, jaagorgal golle leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, e David Director A-G19,[ ILO.19]. E lewru desaambar 1961 Fedde Ameriknaare Pinal Afrik (AMSAC) yuɓɓinii ñalngu mawngu e nder wuro Lagos, to leydi Nijeer. Yimɓe Ameriknaaɓe mawɓe ko wayi no Nina Simone, Langston Hughes, e Lionel Hampton njahii e yahdu AMSAC timmundu ngam semmbinde jokkondiral hakkunde Afriknaaɓe e Ameriknaaɓe/Afriknaaɓe. Ɓe njaɓɓaama e Azikiwe to Lagos.[120]

Ñalnde 17 noowammbar 1961, e nder konngol makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Najeriya to Nsukka, Zik hollitii eɓɓaande mum ngam Najeriya ƴettude doosgal leydi republique tawa ina heddii e tergal Commonwealth. E hitaande 1962, Azikiwe eeriima ardiiɓe Afrik e nder batu Lagos, yo cos fedde dowlaaji Afrik. Koolol Lagos ngol winnditii sarɗiiji eɓɓaaɗi ngam &quot;Fedde hakkunde Afrik e Malagasi&quot; e gardagol Azikiwe. Caggal ɗuum, nde jaɓaa e lewru mee 1963 e Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik.[121]

E hitaande 1963, Azikiwe yamiri gollorde gadane nde Guinness mahi caggal leydi Irlannda e Angalteer to Lagos

== Hooreejo leydi (1963-1966) ==
Leydi Naajeeriya sosaa ko ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa woni gardiiɗo jaagorɗe (hooreejo laamu) e Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo (hooreejo leydi) e hooreejo konu. Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Tafawa Balewa hollitii waylude doosgal leydi ndi 1960 ngam waylude Azikiwe e wonde Guwerneer Jeneral, e waylude tiitoonde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi kewu. Balewa hollitii wonde Azikiwe ina foti innireede hooreejo leydi e nder doosɗe leydi 1963 sabu leydi Naajeeriya meeɗaani yoɓde Dr. Ko zuum wazi, kuulal 157 doosgal leydi Najeriya 1963, tiitoonde mum ko Nnamdi Azikiwe ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, ina winndaa heen &quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe ina foti wonde hooreejo leydi e ñalngu ngu doosgal leydi ndi fuzzii.&quot;[122][123]

Ñalnde 30 lewru Duujal hitaande 1964, wooteeji feddeeji gadani e nder leydi Nijeer gila nde heɓi jeytaare mum. Woote ɗee njoofiima jonte keewɗe sabu luural hakkunde limoore inɗe gonɗe e doggol wooteeji ɗii e doggol binnditagol ngol. Lebbi jeegom caggal wooteeji ɗii, fotde 2 000 neɗɗo maayi e fitinaaji baɗnooɗi e nder diiwaan hirnaange.[124]

=== 1964 kiris e kuudetaa ===
Nigerian Daily Express wi'i nyande 3 mars 1964, &quot;Haa heɓugo ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960, eɓɓoore amin arandeere ngam anndugo ɗuuɗal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya laati kuugal limngal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1962. Hooreejo komitiiru limngal lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati man woni J. J. Warren. Njeñtudi limngal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyon ha Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa salii njeñtudi ndi o woppi Mr. Warren, o yamiri yo o riiwtu e hitaande 1963. Caggal nde o waɗi manipulaasiyoŋ, njeñtudi binnditagol ngol hollitii wonde Fuɗnaange ina les limtaa e miliyoŋaaji 8,5 e nder hitaande 1962 gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii ɓeydii dow limoore ndee haa 65,66 miliyoŋ woote fedde ndee e lewru desaambar 1964 ngaddi caɗeele mawɗe, ruppitii laamu kawral NPC e NCNC. Wooteeji ɗii mbaɗii boykotuuji keewɗi, njulaagu, hulɓinaare, njulaagu e fitinaaji ɗi Azikiwe waɗi haa o salii noddude gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Balewa ngam sosde laamu kesu. Balɗe seeɗa, jokkere enɗam apokaliptik ina jokki e dow leydi ndii haa nde Azikiwe ƴetti konngol e dow doosɗe leydi ndii.[126]

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Azikiwe resi debbo mum gadano biyeteeɗo Flora Azikiwe ñalnde 4 abriil 1936 to Akra, to Cote d’Or nde o woni gardiiɗo jaaynde Afrik subaka. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe nayo, ɓiɗɗo debbo gooto e ɓiɓɓe worɓe tato.

E hitaande 1973 Azikiwe resi debbo mum ɗiɗaɓo Uche Azikiwe nde o yahrata e duuɓi 26. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo.

== Posto hooreejo leydi e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ==
Laamu leydi Najeriya momti diiwanuuji feddeeji nay ɗii ñalnde 24 lewru mbooy hitaande 1966. Won e leƴƴi fuɗnaange fotde 115 neɗɗo mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik ñalnde 28 lewru mbooy-2 lewru juko hitaande 1966 ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966. Fotde 30 neɗɗo mbaraama e hareeji politik to Lagos ñalnde 29 sulyee-1 ut 1966, fotde 250 000 leñol fuɗnaange ndogi ummoraade e diiwaan Fuɗnaange fayde e diiwaan fuɗnaange caggal kuudetaa konu. Lietnaa Kolonel Yakubu Gowon huniima wonde hooreejo laamu konu fedde nde caggal kuudetaa konu, o artiri diiwanuuji fedde ndee nay ñalnde 31 ut 1966. Fotde 2 000 leñol Igbos mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange to4ctober L69 Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, guwerneer konu diiwal fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, anndinii dow diiwal ngal natti jaɓugo Gowon bana hooreejo laamu konu lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 2 mars 1967. Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon hoosi bawɗe timmuɗe bana komandaajo mawdo laamu e hooreejo laamu militaari7 ngam ardungal 1967. Gowon anndini laamu nguu ñalnde 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967. Ojukwu bayyini jeytaare leydi Biafra to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 caggal nde laamu fedde ndee teddinaani nanondiral Aburi.[127]

127 128 129 130 77.

Azikiwe e fuɗɗoode ina wallitnoo Biafra e anndinde ɗum e nder winndere ndee. O huutoriima doole makko politik ngam ardaade delegaasiyoŋ Biafra caggal leydi ngam jaɓde dowla jeytaare. E hitaande 1968, nde o yiyi batte hare ndee, o ñaagii Ojukwu nde o joofnata kaaldigal e Gowon, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Azikiwe woɗɗitii politik caggal wolde. O woniino hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos tuggi 1972 haa 1976. Jokkugol laamu konu e rokkude laamu laamu demokaraasi e hitaande 1979 rokki Azikiwe fartaŋŋe wartaade politik. O naati nder lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1978, o waɗi ɗaɓɓaande ardiiɗo leydi Naajeeriya nde o heɓi nasaraaku nder hitaande 1979 e hitaande 1983. O acci siyaasaaku haa abada ɓaawo kuudetaa konu nder hitaande 1983 nde Muhammadu Buhari ardii

=== Duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ===
Fitinaaji meeɗaay wonde kuutorgal ngal min kuutortoo, minen sosɓe leydi Najeriya, ngam safrude caɗeele politik. E nder aadaaji Angalteer, min kaaldii e Biro Koloñaal ngam jaɓde caɗeele amen ngam ŋakkeende e moƴƴere haala amen ngam laamu hoore mum. Caggal batuuji jeegom doosɗe leydi e hitaande 1953, 1954, 1957, 1958, 1959, e 1960, Angalteer rokkii en hakke ngam tabitinde jeytaare men politik gila 1 oktoobar 1960. Hay gooto e lanndaaji politik leydi Najeriya ɗi meeɗaani ƴettude jeytaare men politik e men happy violed to en meeɗaani jaɓde jeytaare men politik wonde hay toɓɓere ƴiiƴam Angalteer walla Najeriya rufaaka e nder hare men ngenndiire ngam nokku men e naange. Ndee ɗoo hujja daartol addani mi wiyde e yeeso yimɓe fof e nder leydi Najeriya wonde laamu nguu rokkii en laamu hoore mum e dow lowre kaŋŋe. Ko goonga, yonta am ina cemmbina mi, kono geɗe daartol ɗee ko ɗe njiyataa. Miɗo sikki ko ɓuri mettude ko ‘Sukaaɓe Turki’ men pellitii naatnude elemen mbayliigu bonngu e nder politik leydi Najeriya. No ɓe e renndo men fof mbaawirta ustude politikaaji tiiɗɗi, ma a taw nannguɗi, ko politik mo alaa hakkille. Mi jokki bee Seneraal Aguiyi-Ironsi, Ofiisaajo Seneraal Ardiido sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, mo mi faami, jooni o hoosi kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya. Miɗo sakka golle am ngam kala udditgol jam ngam haɗde ƴiiƴam ɓeydaade, ngam weltinde ofiseeji muusɗi ɗii, e artirde sariya e deeƴre. So mi nanii haala makko tan, mi waɗa peeje ngam hootde galle. Ko fayti e am, miɗo jogori warde ardiiɓe men politik e konu ko musiiba ngenndiijo.

— Jaabawol hooreejo leydi Nnamdi Azikiwe e kuudetaa konu gadano, hitaande 1966.[131]

Ñalnde 8 noowammbar 1989, jaayɗe ciifi e fenaande wonde Azikiwe maayii, sabu naamne jaayndiyanke BBC jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko. O artiri o wiyi &quot;mi yaawaani yaltude oo aduna, sabu ko kañum tan woni tagofeere nde nganndu-mi.&quot; E hitaande 1991, Azikiwe yahiino e udditgol nokku Nnamdi Azikiwe to Zungeru, nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, e juuɗe hooreejo leydi Ibraahiima Babangida. E nder ndunngu 1995, o rokki yeewtere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Pennsylvania e gardiiɗo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal.

Azikiwe maayi haa ñalnde 11 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1996, to opitaal janngirde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Enugu caggal nde o rafi ko juuti. O yahrata ko e duuɓi 91. Azikiwe rokkaama wirwirnde dowla e laamu Sani Abacha, caggal fotde jonte ɗiɗi kewuuji ngenndiiji. Ɓanndu makko nawaama e gure keewɗe teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndi ngam sunaare e teddungal. O wirnaa e wuro makko Onitsha ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1996, ñalnde wonnde ñalngu ngu o heɓi duuɓi 92. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde wiyeteende New York Times teskiima,

&quot;O toowii dow geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder Afrik, o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teddineede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko.&quot;[132]

E hitaande 2019, laamu hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari ƴettii golle timminde suudu ndu Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, ndu anndinaama ndu nokkuure nden.[133][134]

== Innde e ndonu daartol ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, ƴaañgal Afrik seediima laamuuji Orop ina peccii Afrik, ina kuutoroo jawdi aadee e tago. Ƴellitaare miijo politik Afrik feeñi ko e anniya yiylaade eɓɓoore miijo jaɓgol hoore mum e ngenndiyaŋkaagal pinal cemmbinngal. Ina jeyaa e daraniiɓe Pan Afrik, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Pilot ndimaagu leydi Nijeer. Nokku Azikiwe nder cosmology Naajeeriya ɗon yaaji haa darnde maako nde o jogi. O rokki ngenndiyaŋkaagal e hare jeytaare maanaa keso. Zik, e oon sahaa to duɗal Hope Waddel, ina anndi miijooji Marcus Garvey ko fayti e Pan-Afrik, teeŋtinoowo doole Afriknaaɓe, e rimɗinde Afrik e juuɗe Afriknaaɓe. Ɗum addani Zik naamnaade laawɗingol koloñaal e nder Afrik, tee ina jeyaa e ko Garvey wiyi ngam rimɗinde Afrik e laamuuji koloñaal. E wakkati nde Naajeeriya woni haa jooni mooɓre diiwalji feere-feere, anndalji e dente nokkuuje, Zik fuɗɗi ƴamɗe ngam heɓugo ndimu Naajeeriya e ngam sosde senngooji ɗi ngalaa lenyol, ɗi ngalaa leƴƴi ngam yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e yidde lesdi maɓɓe.[116][135]

Azikiwe yahiino to Amerik ɗo o janngi e jannginde e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ceertuɗe to Fuɗnaange, o yi’i weeyo ngo njiyaagu e ƴellitaare `Negro' radikal. O heɓi kadi ballal e hooreejo leydi Amerik e teeminannde 19ɓiire, hono James A Garfield, e dow huɗo ngam weltinde njiimaandi politik. Nde o arti e Afrik worgo, ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ngoƴa makko, ko ɗum waɗi, wonaa hare leydi, ngenndiyaŋkoore, kono ko hare winndereyankoore, winndereyankoore ngam leñol ɓaleejo. Ko o gardiiɗo jaaynde African Morning Post to Accra, tuggi 1935 haa 1937, Azikiwe heɓi ɗoon e ɗoon innde sabu jaayndeyaagal makko toowngal `American style' e ñiŋde cuusal makko e njuɓɓudi koloñaal, e ardiiɓe koloñaal kam e ardiiɓe Afrik nokkuuji ɗii. Semmbe makko ina yaaji e nder leyɗeele koloñaal Biritaan en fof, ko kanko woni doole guurɗe won e ardiiɓe Afrik hono Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, Dauda Jawara, Kenneth Kaunda e Milton Obote e woɗɓe.

Jaayndeyaagal Azikiwe kaɓanngal e ƴattooje ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e darnde makko e doole makko, kadi ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e ummital Naajeeriya. Azikiwe sosi fedde jaayndeyaagal wiyeteende Zik Group, nde o sosi e nde o yuɓɓini Pilot West African, nde o inniri « kaayitaaji ngenndiyaŋkooji ñaamooɓe yiite, doolnuɗi, ɓurɗi toowde ». E les njiimaandi Zik Group o wayli golle jaayɗe Afrik hirnaange, o hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore, o yaajtini nafoore makko e jogaade ko ina tolnoo e jaayɗe 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe Afriknaaɓe njiylotoo. Pilot Afrik hirnaange mawni no feewi gila e doggol adanngol ngol 6 000 ekkol ñalnde kala, haa e doggol ko ina ɓura 20 000 ekkol e tolno mum e kitaale 1950.[136][137][138]

Kaayitaaji keertiiɗi ɗi Nnamdi Azikiwe, hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya arandeejo, ɗon mari haaje nder suudu defte maako haa Nsukka, Naajeeriya. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen binndanɗe keertiiɗe, eɓɓaande ciimtol makko, binndanɗe dowla ummoraade e gardagol makko, binndanɗe politik jowitiiɗe e Republique Biafra, kaɓirɗe ummoraade e kampaañ Azikiwe e hitaande 1979 e 1983, kam e defte e jaayɗe seeɗa ɗe keewaani. Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Vanderbilt, e ballal kaalis e porogaraam defte binndaaɗe e nder defterdu UCLA, waɗii ɗeen geɗe dijital ngam sosde mooɓondiral geɗe puɗɗaaɗe jowitiiɗe e jaŋde leydi Najeriya e leydi Biafra [139]. Ndee ɗoo deftere ina heɓoo e dijital rewrude e defterdu UCLA[140]

=== Teddungal ===
Leydi Biritaan : Tergal e Diiso doosɗe leydi Biritaan, ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1960.[141] 

Komanda mawɗo fedde nde (GCFR).[142]

=== Degreeji teddungal ===
Azikiwe heɓi dipolomaaji teddungal 14 ummoraade e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Najeriya, Amerik e Liberiya, teeŋti noon :

Pennsylvanie 1946: Doktoor to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln

Virginia Hirnaange 1947: Doktoor ɓataakeeji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer

Washington, D.C. 1950: Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Howard heɓi Doktoraa mum to bannge sariya

Michigan 1959: Doktoor tedduɗo e sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Michigan[143]

Naajeeriya 1961: Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji (D.Litt.) to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Naajeeriya[144]

Liberiya 1969 : Doktoraa mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Liberiya

Pennsylvanie 1980 : Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji aadee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvanie

Woɗɓe ina mbaɗi dipolomaaji ummoraade e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, UNIZIK, e FUTO.[145]

=== Siftorde e monumndaaji ===

=== Kaalis e tammborɗe posto ===
Natal Azikiwe feeñii e kaalis ₦500 leydi Naajeeriya gila hitaande 2001. Natal makko ina tawee e limlebbi postooji ɗi ɓe peeñnini e hitaande 1964, gila ndeen kadi feeñii e limlebbi goɗɗi.[150]

=== E nder pinal leñol ===
Nguurndam Azikiwe gadana ko kanko winndi, yaltinaa e hitaande 1970, tiitoonde mum ko Odyssey am: nguurndam am.

Laamu leydi Naajeeriya sosi njeenaari Zik, njeenaari ardungal hitaande kala, e hitaande 1995, ngam teddinde Azikiwe.

E hitaande 2006, Ben Obi fuɗɗii yeewtere hitaandeere Zik ngam maayde golle moƴƴe e ndonu Azikiwe.[151]

Filoosofi jaŋde Azikiwe hollitaama e nder filmo binndaaɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya.[152]

E hitaande 2023, Fedde Duke Shomolu yaltinii pijirlooji tuugiiɗi e nguurndam e jamaanu Azikiwe.

Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Michigan State sosi ‘Fedde janngooɓe Afriknaaɓe hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe’ e hitaande 2023, ngam wallitde janngooɓe Afriknaaɓe hakkunde leyɗeele MSU to Afrik ngam wiɗtooji. Njeenaari ndii ko ngam teddinde Azikiwe mo gollodii e jannginooɓe MSU ngam mahde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya) to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya.

=== Teddungal aadaaji ===
Azikiwe naatnaa e renndo Agbalanze Onitsha e innde Nnanyelugo e hitaande 1946, ko ɗum anndinde worɓe Onitsha jogiiɓe golle maantiniiɗe. E hitaande 1962, o wonti mawɗo leydi ɗiɗaɓo (Ndichie Okwa) hono Obi Oziziani.[130] Mawɗo Azikiwe toɗɗaama bana Owelle-Osowa-Anya mo Onitsha nder hitaande 1972, ɗum waɗi mo ardiiɗo ronkaaku arandeejo (Ndichie Ume) nder caltal Igbo nder laamiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya.[107]

== Miijooji politik ==
Zikism; ko miijo politik ɓurngo lollude e Nnamdi Azikiwe, faandaare mum ko ustude hakkillaaji sukaaɓe Afriknaaɓe. E sahaa nde dowlaaji Afrik ngonnoo e les njiimaandi Angalteer, Zik ƴetti filosof mum politik, hono miijo mbayliigu. Canons jowi Zikism woni &quot;Balans Ruuhu&quot;, &quot;Regeneration Sociale&quot;, &quot;Determinism Faggudu&quot;, &quot;Emancipation Mentale&quot;, e &quot;Ummital Politik&quot;. E werlaade annoore ɓurnde laaɓtude e canons, Azikiwe teeŋtinii, &quot;Ko adii fof, mi ƴettii konngol balance spirituel ngam hollirde ndimaagu teskinngu e nder ɓernde, miijo e miijo... Ɗiɗaɓere, mi mahii ƴellitaare renndo ngam hollirde ndimaagu fedde e ndimaagu diisnondiral .. Tataɓol, mi ventured e nder faggudu taprocie so I goongɗini Mi lootii hono ngool ngonka nguurndam determinism faggudu, sabu miɗo gooŋɗini miijo Karl Marx e firo faggudu daartol e nder lewru e nder Afrik fof... Nayaɓol ngol, mi fellitii waɗde yah-ngartaa e nder fannuuji hakkille ... Ko ɗum waɗi mi ƴetti tesis wonde emancipaasiyoŋ hakkille ina haani wonande Afriknaaɓe jannguɓe bonɓe. Joyaɓere ... alaa ko waawi sikkeede e Risorgimento politik Afriknaajo, nde tawnoo wellitaare ɗeen sarɗiiji ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu nguurndam, ndimaagu, e jokkude wellitaare.&quot;

Weltaare Neo; Azikiwe huutoriima pinal Afriknaaɓe e faggudu Afriknaaɓe ko adii koloñaal ngam ƴellitde miijo makko faggudu Neo-Welfarist, o wasiyii eklektisism e pragmatism ngam wonde tuugnorgal filosofi wonande neo-welfarism.[153]

Pragmatisme eklektik; Eklektik-pragmatism wonande Azikiwe ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade haa teeŋti e goongaaji keewɗi fannuuji faggudu e politik. Ko feere etaade yuɓɓinde miijooji nannduɗi e luurondirɗi, wonaa e safrude luural, kono ko e suɓaade e hawrude e ko nafata e ko waawi huutoreede e kala heen ngam heɓde paandaale yiɗde. Nii woni, pragmatisme eklektik ina wayi no ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade caɗeele Afrik e nder ƴeewndorɗe ceertuɗe e teskinɗe ɗe njiylotonoo ɗe.[154]

=== Golle ===
Zik (1961)

Odiseeji am (1971)

Afrik keso (1973)

Liberiyaa e nder politik winndere (1931)

——— (hitaande 1966). Teemedere Ciimtol Ciimtol e Yimre Rt. Hon. Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe. Duɗal njuɓɓudi e karallaagal. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2736-09-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

Sifaa siyaasaaku ngam lesdi Naajeeriya (1943)

Faggudu leydi Naajeeriya (1943)

Zik: Cuɓagol konnguɗi Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe (1961)

Daartol warngo: Goonga walla fenaande? (1946)

Ko adii men ina woodi yanaande udditiinde (1947)

Jaango Pan-Afrik (1961)

Goongaaji ngootaagu Afrik (1965)

Iwdi wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya (1969)

Mi ɗon nuɗɗina Naajeeriya gooto (1969)

Eɓɓooje jam ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya (1969)

Kaaldigal dow Laamorde Kesum ngam Naajeeriya (1974)

Taggol lesɗe ɗuuɗɗe nder Naajeeriya, limngal siyaasaaku (1974)

Demokaraasi e jeertinaango konu (1974)

Reorientaasiyoŋ miijooji Najeriya : yeewtere ñalnde 9 lewru Duujal hitaande 1976, e ñalngu udditgol kaalis dokkal UNN (1976)

Hare men ngam Ndimaagu; Kiriis luumo Onitsha (1976)

Njaafoɗen Ɓiɓɓe Men. Eeraango feewde e ardiiɓe e yimɓe Onitsha e nder caɗeele luumo (1976)

Koolol jimɗi (1977)

Soliloquies wolde nder leydi: Ko ɓuri heewde e jimɗi (1977)

Teemedde e nder miijo renndo e politik Afrik (1978)

Gartirgol Demokaraasi Naajeeriya (1978)

Golle ɓennuɗe ɗe ngalaa nanndo: Jaabawol am e caɗeele mawɗo Awolowo (1979)

Haala ɓernde (1979)

——— (hitaande 1980). Miijo ngam Naajeeriya: Kapitaalisma, Sosiyaalisma walla Weltaare?. Makmilan leydi Nijeer. h. 196. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9789781325212&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

——— (hitaande 1983). Bonannde Hoolaare e NPN.

——— (hitaande 1983). Daartol Maa Ƴeewto Goongɗinɓe.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Ngenndiyankaagal Afrik

Filoosofi Zikist

Njeenaari Zik

== Tuugnorgal ==
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      <text bytes="82238" sha1="grnbz0xuf1vi0herrrimp5b1yaho85o" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe'''GCFR PC (HeɗtoR; 16 noowammbar 1904 – 11 [[lewru]] mee 1996),&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe {{!}} president of Nigeria|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|access-date=2022-03-26|website=[[Britannica]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya ko '''Zik mo Afrik''', ko o dawriyanke, laamuyanke, e hooreejo leydi Nijeer, o woniino hooreejo leydi Nijeer gadano gila e hitaande 1960 haa e hitaande 1960 (1963-1966).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=French|first=Howard W.|date=1996-05-14|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; O ɗon laara no baaba lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nden bo o ɗon nder ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 1960.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-10-01|title=Heroes of the struggle for Nigeria's independence/pioneer political|url=https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-05-24|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=On this day in 1904 Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe, was born in Zungeru, Niger State, North-Central Nigeria|url=http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|date=2017-11-16|website=[[Jay FM]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805081611/http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Crowcroft|first=Barnaby|title=The Radical Nationalist as Constitutional Head of State: Nigeria, 1960–66|date=2020|work=Viceregalism: The Crown as Head of State in Political Crises in the Postwar Commonwealth|pages=179–202|editor-last=Kumarasingham|editor-first=H.|series=Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-46283-3_7|isbn=978-3-030-46283-3|s2cid=226564363}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Azikiwe jibinaa ko [[Zungeru]] e nder [[Diiwal Niger|diiwaan Niger]] hannde oo, jibnaaɓe [[Igbo]] en ummoriiɓe [[Onitsha]], [[Diiwal Anambra|diiwaan Anambra]], Azikiwe janngi ɗemngal Hausa ngal woni ɗemngal ɓurngal mawnude e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange. Caggal mum o neldaa hoɗde e neene makko e neene makko to wuro makko [[Onitsha]], ɗo o janngi ɗemngal [[Igbo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=chuku|first=gloria|title=Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi|year=2011|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-0239|work=Dictionary of African Biography|access-date=2023-12-13|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.013.0239|doi-broken-date=1 July 2025|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jooɗnde haa lesdi [[Lagos]] hokki mo jannguki ɗemngal [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], nden wakkati o ɗonno haa janngirde mawnde, o anndi finaa-tawaa [[Naajeeriya]] feere-feere, nden o wolwi ɗemɗe tati mawɗe [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Aguolu|first1=C. C.|last2=Aguolu|first2=L. E.|date=1997|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, First President of Nigeria: A Force in Library Development in Nigeria|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199|journal=World Libraries|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|issn=2155-7896}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe ina yahra no feewi. O ummii ko [[Amerik]] ɗo o inniraa '''Ben Azikiwe''', o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard. O jokkondiri e laamuuji koloñaal e ɗaɓɓaande ngam wallitde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e nder Olimpiyaaji Los Angeles 1932 nde tawnoo ko kanko kadi woni atletee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/03086539908583061|title='Managing nationalism': The colonial office and Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1932–43|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=143–158|year=1999|last=Flint|first=John E.}}&lt;/ref&gt; O arti [[Afrik]] ko e hitaande 1934, o fuɗɗii golle jaayndiyankaagal to Cote d’Or ([[Gana]] hannde oo). E nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange Biritaan, Azikiwe ina daranii wonde daraniiɗo politik e jaayndiyanke, ngam ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e [[Afrik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Azikiwe fights for Africa|date=7 January 1950|work=New York Amsterdam News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol==
'''Sukaaɓe''' : '''jaŋde e mbaydi ƴeew tiitoonde'''

Kartal pelle ɗemɗe [[Naajeeriya]]: Azikiwe jibinaa ko e diiwaan Fuɗnaange e nder leydi ndi. Leydi taaniraaɓe makko, [[Onitsha]], woni ko e bannge Fuɗnaange-rewo ngenndi ndii.)

Azikiwe jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1904 to [[Zungeru]], to Fuɗnaange Nijeer. Innde makko adannde, &quot;Nnamdi&quot;, nde jibnaaɓe makko ndokki mo ko innde [[Igbo Eze South|Igbo]] nde firti ko &quot;baaba am ina wuuri&quot;. Baaba makko, Obed-Edom Chukwuemeka Azikiwe, jeyaaɗo to [[Onitsha]], ko o binndoowo e nder laamu Angalteer to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Thomas A. Johnson|date=1972-09-14|title=Nigerian Urges Uses of the Past|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/09/14/archives/nigerian-urges-uses-of-the-past-says-colonialism-left-some-things.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yumma makko Rachel Chinwe Ogbenyeanu Azikiwe (jibinaa ko Aghadiuno), mo sahaa e sahaa fof ina wiyee « Nwanonaku »&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: My Odyssey|chapter=I: My Genealogy and Nativity|publisher=Spectrum Books|date=1970|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of NNamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-06|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ko ɓiɗɗo debbo tataɓo Aghadiuno Ajie&lt;ref name=&quot;PT&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;, iwdi galle laamɗo to Onitsha; mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Ugogwu Anazenwu, ko Obi [[Onitsha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;PT2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ina joginoo miñi mum gooto, miñi mum debbo, ina wiyee Cecilia Eziamaka Arinze.&lt;ref name=&quot;PT3&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nde o woni suka, Azikiwe ina haalda ɗemngal [[Hausa language|Hausa]], ɗemngal diiwaan oo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, first president of Nigeria: A force in Library development in Nigeria.|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199/154|last=Aguolu and Aguolu|first=C.C and L.E|date=1997|journal=World Libraries|volume=7|issue=2|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaba makko, ina wondi e sunaare e 6icfcfo makko e 6amtaare [[Hausa language|Hausa]] wonaa [[Igbo]], neli mo to [[Onitsha]] e hitaande 1912 ngam hocfde e neene makko e neene makko ngam janngude 6emngal e pinal [[Igbo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Oha&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Oha|first1=Obododimma|title=Heroes of knowledge versus dragons of ignorance: language, identity construction, and intertextuality in Nnamdi Azikiwe's &quot;My Odyssey&quot;|url=http://motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/MP2303oo.html|website=motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/|access-date=8 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; To [[Onitsha]], Azikiwe janngi Duɗal Trinity Seniiɗo (duɗal misiyoŋaaji katolik en) e Duɗal Eklesiya Almasiihu (duɗal leslesal Angalteer).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concodiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (2)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concodiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-2/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2016-12-14|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1914, nde baaba makko ina gollina to Lagos, Azikiwe yani e puccu ; ɗum addani baaba makko kulɓiniiɗo neldude mo to [[Lagos]], mbele omo sella, omo jokka jaŋde e nder wuro ngo.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Ndeen o naati duɗal sukaaɓe Wesleyan, anndiraangal hannde duɗal sukaaɓe ''Methodist'', [[Lagos]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=history – MGHS|url=https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004232208/https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaba makko neldaama [[Kaduna]] duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Azikiwe jooɗii seeɗa e banndiiko gooto resnduɗo juulɗo ummoriiɗo [[Siyeraa Leyoon]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1918, o arti [[Onitsha]], o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal hakkundeewal CMS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-05-09|title=Benjamin Nnamdi &quot;Zik&quot; Azikiwe (1904–1996)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/azikiwe-benjamin-nnamdi-zik-1904-1996/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ndeen golliima e duɗal ngal ko almuudo-jannginoowo,{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} ina wallita yumma mum e ngalu mum.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1920, baaba makko artiraa to Protectorat Sud Nigeria, to wuro [[Calabar]]. Azikiwe hawri e baaba mum to [[Calabar]], o fuɗɗii jaŋde toownde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; O naati e janngirɗe Marcus Garvey,&lt;ref name=&quot;Timesdigit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|work=The Times|location=London, England|date=14 May 1996|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garveyism, ɗe ngonti huunde himmunde e haala makko ngenndiyaŋkaagal.
[[File:Azikiwe with parents.png|thumb|Azikiwe e jibnaaɓe mum, c. Kitaale 1910]]
Caggal nde o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell,&lt;ref name=&quot;Yearbook1962&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Nigeria Year Book 1962|publisher=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|year=1962|pages=112}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe artiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Methodist, to [[Lagos]], o seerti e wondiiɓe makko ummoriiɓe e galleeji ɓooyɗi Lagos ko wayi no George Shyngle, Francis Cole e Ade Williams (ɓiy [[Akarigbo mo Remo|Akarigbo Remo]]). Ɗee jokkondiral naftorii caggal ɗuum e golle makko politik to [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley ''Boys'' o ɓuri waawde jaŋde makko, o rokki deftere ina wiyee « gila e Log Cabin haa e galle ''White House'' », ko ɗum woni nguurndam [[James A. Garfield]], gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi [[Amerik]], umminooɗo e huɗo haa e moƴƴere. Deftere ndee ina addana mo pellital heɓde nafoore e nguurndam. Azikiwe nanii yeewtere [[James Aggrey]], jannginoowo mo miijii wonde Afriknaaɓe ina poti heɓde jaŋde kolees caggal leydi, ɓe ngarta e waɗde waylo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Esele, Amos|date=21 November 1994|title=Ninety hearty cheers!|work=The Week|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde yeewtere ndee joofi, Aggrey rokki suka Azikiwe doggol duɗe jaɓɓotooɗe almudɓe ɓaleeɓe to [[Amerik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}}

Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri golle koloñaal, o jaɓaa wonde binndoowo to departemaa kaalis. Wakkati maako nder kuugal koloñaal, holli mo limngal njiyaagu nder laamu koloñaal.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=69}} Suɓaade Azikiwe janngude to Amerik e nokku Angalteer, ko batte Doktoor James Kwegyr Aggrey, nguurndam hooreejo leydi A. Garfield e Abraham Lincoln, Pan-Afriknism Marcus Garvey e woodgol ballal wonande almudɓe waasɓe, tawi alaa ko heɓaa e Angalteer. E pellital yahde caggal leydi ngam ɓeydaade jaŋde, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to U.S. O jaɓaa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer College, tawi ko e dow ballal makko e yiytude laawol feewde [[Amerik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Commencement address at Storer delivered by African alumnus|date=14 June 1947|work=New Journal and Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngam yettaade [[Amerik]], o jokkondiri e laana ndiwoowa, o waɗi e makko nanondiral ngam wonde stowaway.&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono gooto e sehilaaɓe makko wonnooɓe e laana kaa rafi, ɓe wasiyii yo ɓe njippo e Sekondi. To leydi [[Gana]], Azikiwe golliima ko polis ; yumma makko yilliima, o wiyi mo yo o hoot leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. O arti, baaba makko jaɓi wallitde mo yahde [[Amerik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Heroes of the Past – Nnamdi Azikiwe – Everything But Coffee|url=https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805024303/https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harpers Ferry, to Virginie worgo. Ngam yoɓde nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko, o golliima golle keewɗe ɗe ngalaa nafoore hade makko winnditaade to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard to Washington, D.C. e hitaande 1927 ngam heɓde dipolomaaji makko e ganndal politik. E hitaande 1929, o ummii duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard o fayi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln ngam timminde jaŋde makko leslesre, o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko BA e ganndal politik e hitaande 1930.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crisis-Jan1966&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OnlineNigeria&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/people/ad.asp?blurb=66|title=Biography of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|access-date=2007-09-05|work=[www.onlinenigeria.com]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikwe ƴettii kursuuji e Alain Locke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Getachew|first=Adom|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv3znwvg|title=Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination|date=2019|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-17915-5|pages=7|doi=10.2307/j.ctv3znwvg|jstor=j.ctv3znwvg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe wonnoo ko tergal e fedde nde.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Politics and Leadership|url=http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502181928/http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2007|website=Phi Beta Sigma|access-date=7 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndeen o naatii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln to Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e sahaa gooto e hitaande 1930, o heɓi dipoloma makko ko fayti e diine e filosofi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e hitaande 1932, o heɓi kadi dipoloma makko ko fayti e anthropologie to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e hitaande 1933&lt;ref name=&quot;UPenn&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|title=Alumni, Faculty, and Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania Who Have Served as Heads of State or Government|access-date=2007-09-05|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania|University Archives and Records Center University of Pennsylvania]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205032053/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|archive-date=5 February 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/zik.asp|title=Nigeria – Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|website=www.onlinenigeria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Azikiwe wonti jannginoowo dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, ɗo o sosi janngirde daartol [[Afrik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=41}} O woniino kanndidaa ngam heɓde dipolomaaji doktoraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] hade makko hootde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e hitaande 1934.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Azikiwe May Accept Position in Liberia|date=21 July 1934|work=The New York Amsterdam News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wiɗtooji doktoraa Azikiwe ɗii ɓuri teeŋtude ko e Liberiya e nder politik winndere, e binndol makko ngol A. H. Stockwell yaltini e hitaande 1934. E nder sahaa mo o woni to [[Amerik]], o woniino winndiyanke to jaaynde Afro-Ameriknaare Baltimore, to Philadelphia Tribune e to jaaynde Associated Negro Press.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ina joginoo miijooji jaayndeeji [[Afrik]]-[[Amerik]], Garveyism e Pan-Afriknaaɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Feddeeji e renndooji ===
Fedde sukaaɓe worɓe kerecee en, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27)

Cub hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928)

Fedde binndol Stylus to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1923)

Fedde hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] (1930-32)

Fedde nguurndam, Duɗal Anthropoloji Laamu (1933)

Fedde nguurndam, fedde faggudu laamɗo (1934)

Tergal nguurndam, Fedde Angalteer ngam ɓamtaare ganndal (1947)

Fedde Ameriknaare ngam sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele (1933–34)

Fedde Annduɓe Anthropoloji Amerka (1932-1934)

Fedde ganndal siyaas Amerik (1933-34)

Fedde Annduɓe Leƴƴi Amerka (1933-34)

Koolol ganndal siwil to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1934)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anike|url=http://repository.unizik.edu.ng/bitstream/123456789/429/1/master%2C%2BAnike.pdf|website=repository.unizik.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Azikiwe playing American Football, Storer College, 1926.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe ina fija fuku [[Amerik]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926)]]

== Golle atletik ==
E fuɗɗoode golle makko, Azikiwe ina yahra e boks, atletik, njulaagu, fuku koyɗe e tennis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crisis-Jan19662&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Football ko Biritaan en ngaddi ɗum e leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] nde ɓe koloni [[Afrik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://nnu.ng/post/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|website=Nigeria News Update.|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono kala ligues sosaaɗe, ko ɗe ceerndaaɗe. Nnamdi yi'i ɗum bana tooñannge nden o wurti bee hooreejo to bannge fijirle jokkirgol e siyaasaaku haa timmoode jamaanu koloñaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sports and the Modernity of Leisure in Nigeria: Stadium Space and the Symbolisms of Expressions, 1930–1980|url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/61376/OBASA-DISSERTATION-2015.pdf?sequence=1|last=Olusegun|first=Obasa|date=2015|website=repositories.lib.utexas.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1934, Zik haɗaama tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu leydi Nijeer jaɓaaka tawtoreede. Ɗum waɗii sahaa goɗɗo sabu iwdi makko Igbo, Zik fellitii wonde ina heddi, o yiɗi sosde fedde makko. Nnamdi sosi fedde Zik's ''Athletic Club'' (ZAC) nde udditanta dame mum ngam fijirde worɓe e rewɓe kala leƴƴi, leƴƴi, leƴƴi, e kala fannuuji leydi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nationalist Period|url=http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|website=Sports and Politics in British West/Central Africa|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805025704/http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1942, fedde nde yahi haa heɓi Ligue [[Lagos]] e Kop ''Memorial War''. Caggal ɗeen nafooje, Nnamdi udditi caɗeele ZAC goɗɗe e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] fof. E nder duuɓi wolde ZAC ina yaha njilluuji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe Facts|url=https://biography.yourdictionary.com/nnamdi-azikiwe|website=biography.yourdictionary.com|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Matchs'' ZAC ɗon waɗa nder lesdi ndi'i fuu, nden ɗum waɗi yimɓe [[Naajeeriya]] ɗon mari haaje kawtal e lesdi ndi'i ngam wallugo ɓe haɓugo ndimu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Establishment and the Achievements of the National Sports Commission in Nigeria|url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=osu1487093435463141&amp;disposition=inline|last=Abioye|first=Joseph Adegboyega|date=1980|website=etd.ohiolink.edu}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1949, won e fukuyaŋkooɓe ZAC tawtoraama njillu to Angalteer. E gartugol maɓɓe e njillu ngu ɓe njooɗii to Freetown, Siyeraa Leyoon, e leydi Najeriya fooli yimɓe nokku oo e golle 2. Ndee nasaraaku ko ɓuri duuɓi sappo ko adii jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya]], kono ko nde jibinannde kippu ngenndiijo leydi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigerians Love For Football; is it too much?|url=https://soccernet.ng/2015/03/nigerians-love-for-football-is-it-too.html|date=2015-03-23|website=Soccernet.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E joofnirde, caggal duuɓi hare, e hitaande 1959, jaagorde Angalteer cakkitiinde yalti NFA, ñalnde 22 ut 1960, jonte seeɗa ko adii jeytaare mum, [[Naajeeriya]] naati e fedde fuku koyɗe winndereere wiyeteende FIFA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pictures &amp; Documents: FIFA at 114, How Nigeria Became a Member|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|date=2018-05-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175655/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;Hay heen gootal waawaano wonde so wonaano Nnamdi Azikiwe. O hawti [[Naajeeriya]] bee fijirde nden o waddi hakkilo lesdi ndi'i wi'eteeɗum 'Nigerian-ness'.

=== Jaambaraagal dingiral ===
Sosɗo, ZiKs ''Athletic Club'' (e MRB. Oltun) ngam ɓamtugo fijooji, boksi, kirikit, njuulu e tennis nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]].

Gooliiɗo e yeeso, duɗal sukaaɓe metodist, [[Lagos]] (1921)

Jaagorgal, Diwgol toowngol, M.B.H.S, e Jaagorgal, Ñalngu Laamu (1921)

Jaagorɗo, tedduɗo, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27)

Jaagorgal &amp; Medaal kaŋŋe, Diwgol toowngol, Pijirlooji hakkunde duɗe HU (1926);

Medaal kaŋŋe, doggol leydi, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, e diwgol toowngol, kawgel kaalis to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926)

Medaal, Pentatlon, kawgel kolees Storer (1925)

Kapiteen, fedde janngirde Storer (1927)

Medaal kaŋŋe, taƴoowo leydi, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1921)

Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, maraton Laurel-Baltimore (1927)

Jaagorɗo, dogdu ɓaleeru, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928)

Kapiteen gooto, fedde fuku koyɗe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1930)

Doggol kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel ɗiɗmel hakkunde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cheyney (1930)

Medaal kaalis, doggudu kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel hakkunde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hampton Virginia (1931)

Jaaliiɗo toɓɓere, dogdu Baltimore (1929, 1930)

Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, dogdu Richmond (1931)

Toɓɓere Dowla, A.A.U. Kaɓirɗe hakkunde leyɗeele (1932)

Medaal kaŋŋe, dogdu 1 000 yard, Pijirlooji Kaledoni to Brooklyn, New York (1932)

Medaal kaŋŋe, Doggol Kilomeeteer gooto, e Doggol Kilomeeteer tati, Y MC.A. Pijirlooji, New York (1932)

Koppi kaalis, dogdu feccere kiloomeeteer, e keɓɗo kopporeeje kaalis e nder dogdu kiloomeeteer gooto, kawgel ñalngu ladde Demokaraasi, New Haven, Connecticut (1933)

Ɗiɗaɓo (e G.K Dorgu), kawgel tennis worɓe ɗiɗo Lagos, diɗɗal B (1938)

Nafooje (gorko Anchor), Kippu ZAC e nder kawgel njulaagu [[Lagos]] (1939)

Nasti ngam daranaago lesdi Naajeeriya nder fijirde Half-Mile e One Mile Run nder fijirde laamu lesdi Biritaniya nder hitaande 1934, ammaa A.A.A lesdi Biritaniya sali mo ngam 'daliilu karallaaku'. (Ngolɗoo jaɓgol addani mo winndude ɓataake lolluɗo, o woppi innde makko e ɗemngal Engele, hono Benjamin)

=== Tergal ===
Fedde fuku koyɗe Diamant (1922-24)

Fedde fijooji Merkiir to New York (1932-34)

Kaɓirgal tennis to Akra (1935-1937)

Patron, fedde fijirde Zik (gila 1956)

Hooreejo, Fedde Kirikit [[Naajeeriya]] (1940–44)

Hooreejo, Fedde Njulaagu [[Naajeeriya]] (1938–41)

Cukko hooreejo, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e boksi leydi Nijeer (gila 1949)

Hooreejo fedde fuku koyɗe diiwaan [[Lagos]] (1951-1954)

Hooreejo, Fedde Fijooji Amateur [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1952)

Hooreejo, Fedde ''Tennis'' Tabal [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1953)

Cukko Patron e tergal Goomu, Goomu Olimpiyaade Nijeer, e Fedde Pijirlooji Laamu Biritaan e ''Commonwealth'' (gila 1951)

&lt;ref&gt;Alegi, Peter (2010). African Soccerscapes: How a Continent Changed the World's Game. Ohio University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-89680-278-0}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ​&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Before Joining FIFA and CAF; Nigeria FA was Affiliated to the FA in England|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|date=2018-08-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804235509/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/nnamdi-azikiwe/|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: How do We Remember Nigeria's First President? – HistoryVille|date=16 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle binndol ==

=== Jaaynde jaayndeyaagal e tafngo ===
Rewɓe ɓee ndaranii yoɓde njoɓdi Angalteer e hitaande 1929, ko ɗum seedtini warngooji keewɗi e nder Opobo, tawi ko soldateeɓe Angalteer ardii ɗum en e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange. Azikiwe, nde nani kewu nguu, winndi winndannde ñaawoore tiitoonde mum ko ‘Warde rewɓe e nder leydi Nijeer’, nde o woni e janngude haa jooni to Amerik e hitaande 1930, e ɓataake mo o winndi e oon sahaa, daraniiɗo hakkeeji siwil ''Pan''-[[Afrik]], hono W. E. B. Du Bois. Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Azikiwe winndi deftere makko adannde wiyeteende ‘Liberia e nder politik winndere’ e hitaande 1931.

Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiriino wonde jaagorgal caggal leydi to leydi Liberiya, kono o saliima sabu o wonaa jeyaaɗo e leydi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist|work=The Journalist|url=https://www.thejournalist.org.za/pioneers/nnamdi-azikiwe-african-philosopher-scholar-and-eminent-journalist|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1934, nde Azikiwe warti [[Lagos]], o anndaa no feewi, o yi’aama no neɗɗo tedduɗo e won e renndo [[Lagos]] e [[Igbo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://www.ekwendigbo.com/index.php/en/profiles/blessed-memories/83-nnamdi-azikiwe|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805055431/http://www.ekwendigbo.com/index.php/en/profiles/blessed-memories/83-nnamdi-azikiwe|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 August 2020|website=www.ekwendigbo.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; O jaɓɓaama e juuɗe yimɓe seeɗa, kolliri binndi makko to [[Amerik]] ina laaɓi ina njottii [[Naajeeriya]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=38}} To leydi Nijeer, faandaare Azikiwe adannde ko heɓde darnde fotnde e jaŋde makko ; caggal ɗaɓɓaande keewnde nde o heɓaani (ina heen ngam heɓde posto janngingol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'', [[Lagos]]), o jaɓi ɗaɓɓaande jom jawdi en [[Gana|Ganaa]] biyeteeɗo Alfred Ocansey ngam wonde gardiiɗo sosɗo jaaynde wiyeteende ''African Morning Post'', jaaynde hesere ñalnde kala to [[Accra]], [[Gana|Ganaa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-01-07|title=Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://thenigerianhistory.wordpress.com/dr-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|website=our history|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; O rokkaama junngo ngam dogginde jaaynde ndee, o ƴetti gollotooɓe mum heewɓe e asliiji ɗii.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Azikiwe winndi &quot;''The Inside Stuff by'' Zik&quot;, deftere nde o winndi e nder mum ko fayti e ngenndiyaŋkaagal radikal e manngu ɓaleejo, ko ɗum addani won e kulhuli e nder dingiral koloñaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African graduate of Lincoln creates stir in his native land|date=22 August 1936|work=New Journal and Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko o editor, o ƴelliti ajendaaji ngenndiyaŋkooɓe daraniiɓe [[Afrik]].&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuri Smertin siftinii binndol makko ngol ko, &quot;binndanɗe cemmbinɗe e haalaaji renndo ɗi cemmbini njuɓɓudi koloñaal gonndi ndii : keeri hakke Afriknaaɓe hollirde miijooji mum en, e njiyaagu njiyaagu&quot;. Yuri kadi ñiŋii ɓeen Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e ‘elite’ renndo koloñaal, yiɗɓe jogaade njuɓɓudi gonndi ndii, nde tawnoo ɓe njiyri ɗum ko « tuugnorgal wellitaare maɓɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://thenigerianhistory.wordpress.com/dr-nnamdi-azikiwe/|date=2013-01-07|website=our history|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nder dumunna mo Azikiwe woni e Accra, o yahri yeeso e filosof makko [[Afrik]] keso mo o ƴeewti caggal ɗuum e nder deftere makko, [[Afrik]] Renas50&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Long awaited Zik's Day preps in Anambra|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/11/14/long-awaited-ziks-day-preps-in-anambra/|date=2019-11-14|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E nder miijo filosof, Azikiwe wiyi wonde « ko leydi ɗo Afriknaaɓe ceertata e leƴƴi e laamuuji gaadanteeji, mbaylee e kuule filosof joy : ballondiral ruuhu, ƴellitaare renndo, pellital faggudu, ndimaagu hakkille e ngenndiyaŋkaagal risorgimento ». Azikiwe ronkaani politik Gold Coast, kadi jaaynde ndee ina wallita lannda Mambii nokku oo.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=41}} ''The Post'', jaaynde nokkuure ndee yaltinii winndannde ñalnde 15 mee 1936, &quot;Mbele Afriknaajo ina jogii Alla?&quot; ko [[I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson]], e Azikiwe (hono winndiyanke) ñaawaama sabu fitinaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; O fuɗɗii ko ñaaweede, o ñaawaa lebbi jeegom kasoo. E dow fenaande makko, Zik hollitii, &quot;so tawii ko mi kuutorgal daɗndo ngal imperiyaalisma e nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange foti luulndaade e liɓde, kadi so tawii e nder ndeeɗoo njillu miɗo foti yoɓde njoɓdi ɓurndi toowde, ndeen alaa ko haani mi diwde walla mi diwta. Miɗo wondi e hoolaare ñalnde kala wonde the ''New'' restinality ina waawi wonde les [[Afrik]] keso oo stem it. Hay maayde am waawaa jokkude kristal mum.&quot; Caggal ɗuum o woppitaa e Ñaawirde Toownde [[Afrik]] Hirnaange.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe and the vision of a united Africa|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/magazine/politicalreforms/Nnamdi-Azikiwe-and-the-vision-of-a-united-Africa/1843776-5116596-15o8e3tz/index.html|website=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Nnamdi Azikiwe in Office, 1937.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe e nder biro mum, hitaande 1937]]
Azikiwe warti [[Lagos]] nder hitaande 1937, o sosi jaaynde wiyeteende ''West African Pilot'', jaaynde nde o huutortoo ngam ɓamtude ngenndiyaŋkaagal e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], fedde Zik ''Group'' sosi jaayndeeji jowitiiɗi e toɓɓe politik e faggudu e nder gure teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndii fof.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Uche|first1=Luke Uka|title=Mass Media, People, and Politics in Nigeria|date=1989|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaaynde ɓurnde mawnude e fedde ndee ko ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo, nde huutorii ko konngol [[Dante Alighieri]] « Hollit annoore, yimɓe ɓee keɓata laawol » ngam waɗde heen konngol mum. Binndanɗe goɗɗe ko ''Defender'' [[Naajeeriya]] Fombinaari ummoriiɗo Warri (caggal mum [[Ibadan]]), Gardiiɗo Fuɗnaange (sosaaɗo e hitaande 1940, yaltinaa to Port Harcourt), e Kaaloowo [[Naajeeriya]] to [[Onitsha]].{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=204}} Ko e hitaande 1944, fedde ndee heɓti deftere [[Dusé Mohamed Ali]] wiyeteende La Comète. Jaaynde Azikiwe ko njulaagu, kadi ko kuutorgal ngam politik e wallitde.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=195}} ''Pilot'' oo ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e yeeyde ko ɓuri heewde ko e ''circulation'', ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu firms expatriés ɓuri waawde faggudu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=199}} Jaayɗe Azikiwe keewɗe teeŋtinii sensationalisme e daartol nafoore aadee ; ''the Pilot'' nastini yewtere fijirle e ta'irde rewɓe, ɓesdi yewtere dow kuuɗe [[Naajeeriya]] to ɗum hawti bee limngal limngal limngal limngal limngal ''Daily Times'' (ngal teddini limngal limngal yimɓe lesdi feere e limngal lesdi feere).{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=200}} Doggol Pilot gadanol ngol ko 6 000 ekkol ñalawma kala ; e tolno mum ɓurɗo mawnude e hitaande 1950, nde ina yaltina ko ina tolnoo e 20 000 ekkol.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=203}} Azikiwe sosi gollorɗe njulaagu goɗɗe (hono Banke Kontinental [[Afrik]] e Restoran Penny) e oon sahaa, o huutorii jaayɗe makko ngam yeeyde ɗe.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=42}}

Ko adii wolde adunaare ɗimmere, ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-11-29|title=The Sage and his Jewel: A society wedding in Ikenne Remo, By Tayo Agunbiade|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/568055-the-sage-and-his-jewel-a-society-wedding-in-ikenne-remo-by-tayo-agunbiade.html|access-date=2022-12-26|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; yiytaa ko no kaayitaaji etaade mahde tuugnorgal cirkulaasiyoŋ wonaa radikal peeñɗo. Editorialji ɓataake oo e yeewtere politik ndee ina teeŋtini tooñanngeeji baɗeteeɗi e [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]], e ñiŋde njuɓɓudi koloñaal e ballal miijooji eliteeji jannguɓe to [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=42}} Kono, e hitaande 1940, waylo-waylo seeɗa-seeɗa waɗi. No o waɗiri e jaaynde ''African Morning Post'' nii, Azikiwe fuɗɗii winndude lowre wiyeteende &quot;''Inside Stuff''&quot;, nde o etotoo sahaa e sahaa fof ƴellitde hakkillaaji politik.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=221}}Editorialuuji jaaynde ndee ina noddi jeytaare [[Afrik]], haa teeŋti noon caggal nde dille jeytaare Inndo ummii.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=221}} Hay so tawii kaayitaaji ɗii ina mballita Angalteer e nder wolde nde, ɗi ñiŋii peeje ustude ngalu ko wayi no ƴellitde cogguuli e ustude njoɓdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;lifeandtimesnews.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-4/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Sun News|date=2017|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1943, Diiso Angalteer (Conseil britannique) wallitii rewooɓe [[Afrik]] worgo 8 (ina heen Azikiwe), kanko e rewooɓe 6 woɗɓe ɓe kuutoriima fartaŋŋe ngam humpitaade jeytaare politik potnde waɗeede. Jaayndiyankooɓe ɓee ciifi ɓataake ngam ɗaɓɓude peeje moƴƴe renndo-politik seeɗa-seeɗa, tawa ina jeyaa heen ittugol njuɓɓudi koloñaal korona, wakilaagu diiwaanuuji e jeytaare koloñaaluuji [[Afrik]] hirnaange Angalteer e hitaande 1958 walla 1960.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=220}} ''Memorandum'' oo, biro koloñaal oo yejjiti ɗum, ɗum ɓeydi fitinaaji Azikiwe.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=233}}

Omo jogii nafoore mawnde e jaayɗe ko ina tolnoo e 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] njiylotoo. Binndanɗe Azikiwe ko faati e ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Afrik]], mawnikinaare ɓaleeɓe e doole mum en, njibinii politikaaji koloñaal en heewɓe, naftorii [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] heewɓe ŋakkiraaɓe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|website=DREAM WORLD PIONEERS VENTURES|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804162946/http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaayɗe Fuɗnaange [[Afrik]] ina keewi yaltude e ɗemngal [[Suwahili]], so wonaa jaayɗe kabaruuji ko wayi ''no East African Standard''. Azikiwe wayliima no feewi e nder jaayɗe [[Afrik]] worgo, hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore. E hitaande 1950, jaayɗe joy ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe [[Afrik]] toppitii e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange (ina heen jaaynde Nigerian Daily Times) ɓuri ''Pilot'' yeeyde. Ñalnde 8 [[lewru]] juko hitaande 1945, laamu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] haɗi Azikiwe ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] hirnaange e ''Daily Comet'' ngam hollirde ko boni e humpitooji ko faati e seppo mawngo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist|work=The Journalist|url=https://www.thejournalist.org.za/pioneers/nnamdi-azikiwe-african-philosopher-scholar-and-eminent-journalist|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe hay so jaɓii ɗum, o jokki e yaltinde binndanɗe ko faati e seppo ngoo e nder jaaynde wiyeteende ''Guardian'' (jaaynde makko Port Harcourt). O ardii seppo mawngo e hitaande 1945, o woni hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] fuɗnaange gila 1954 haa 1959.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi {{!}} Infoplease|url=https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/asia-africa/african-bios/azikiwe-benjamin-nnamdi|website=www.infoplease.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kitaale 1960, caggal jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ''Pilot'' ngenndiijo [[Afrik]] hirnaange ina teskaa e fuɗnaange. Azikiwe ƴettii faandaare teeŋtunde e pelle politik ɗe njiɗnoo ko ittude. O ñiŋaama e fedde [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] en sabu huutoraade jaaynde makko ngam haɗde luulndaade miijooji makko. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde The New York Times wiyi wonde o &quot;toowiima e geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder [[Afrik]], o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teskeede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Times&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=French|first1=Howard W.|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=8 November 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=14 May 1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Azikiwe and Zungur in London 1949.png|thumb|Azikiwe e [[Sa'adu Zungur]] to Londres (1949)]]

== Azikiwe olle politik ==
wonti golloowo e nder fedde sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]] (NYM), fedde ngenndiyaŋkoore arandeere e nder leydi ndi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-05-03|title=The Nigerian Youth Movement (1934–1951)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/nigerian-youth-movement-1934-1951/|access-date=2022-12-26|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so tawii o walliino [[Samuel Akisanya]] ngam wonde kanndidaa NYM ngam heɓde jooɗorde wootere e nder Diiso sarɗiiji e hitaande 1941, tawi diiso doosɗe suɓiima [[Ernest Ikoli]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Sklar 2004 53–54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=53–54|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe wurtini NYM, o tuumi ardungal ɓurngal ɗuuɗugo nder Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama yimɓe Ijebu-Yoruba'en e Igbo'en. Won e terɗe Ijebu ndewi e makko, pecci dille ɗee e laabi leƴƴi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sklar 2004 53–542&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=53–54|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; O naati nder siyaasaaku, o sosi kawtal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e lesdi [[Kamerun|Kameruun]] (NCNC) bee [[Herbert Macaulay]] nder hitaande 1944. Azikiwe laati hooreejo kawtal ngal nder hitaande 1946. NCNC hawti bee lanndaaji lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], kawtal fina-tawaa, e kawtal kuugal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], Kawtal Rewbe Demokaraasi [[Naajeeriya]] ekn lannda woni lannda siyaasa tataɓal sosaangal nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]] ɓaawo lannda ''Democratic National'' [[Naajeeriya]] (kañum ne sosi ɗum [[Herbert Macaulay]]), e Mouvement Sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]]. Terɗe lannda kaa teeŋtuɗe ina njeyaa heen; [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti|Fumilayo Ransome-Kuti]], [[M.I.Okpara]], J.O. Fadahunsi, [[Eyo Ita]], [[Margaret Ekpo]], [[Raymond Njoku]], F.S. McEwen, [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]],[[Timote Paul Birabi]], A.K. Blankson, [[Dennis Osadebay|Denis Osadebay]], e [[TOS Benson]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=57–58|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tuumeede fedde ===
Sabu ballal Azikiwe e seppo mawngo e [[lewru]] suwee 1945 e njanguuji makko e laamu koloñaal, bayyinaango ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] hirnaange dartinaama ñalnde 8 sulyee ndeen hitaande.&lt;ref name=&quot;DR. BENJAMIN NNAMDI AZIKIWE&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://ilanssenyange.wixsite.com/ilannews/single-post/2017/11/10/DR-BENJAMIN-NNAMDI-AZIKIWE|website=ilannews|date=10 November 2017|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; O yetti liggotooɓe seppooɓe ɓee e hooreejo maɓɓe, [[Michael Imoudu]], o tuumi laamu koloñaal ina huutoroo liggotooɓe.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} E [[lewru]] ut, jaaynde ndee jaɓaama fuɗɗaade yaltude.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=255}} E nder seppo ngo, Azikiwe ummini alarm ko faati e peeje warngooji ɗi yimɓe ɓe nganndaaka, gollotooɓe e innde laamu koloñaal.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} Daartol makko e tuumeede ko mesaas wireless mo jaayndiyanke ''Pilot'' nanngi.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=200}} Caggal nde o heɓi mesaas mo o taƴi oo, Azikiwe naati suuɗde to [[Onitsha]]. ''Pilot'' yaltinii binndanɗe yurmeende e sahaa nde o alaa, kadi Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe ina ngoongɗini daartol warngo ngoo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-11-16|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: A True National Hero|url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/nnamdi-azikiwe-a-true-national-hero/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-09-11|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nwafor|first=Emmanuel Mordi|date=2018|title=The role of the press in the democratic process: The example of Nigeria's First Republic, 1960–1966|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328234488|journal=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lowre Azikiwe, e cirƴam jaayndeeji makko, ɓeydii e ooɗoo sahaa. Tuume ɗee ina cikki won e Naajeeriyankooɓe, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o waɗi ɗe ngam ɓamtude darnde makko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nwafor|first=Emmanuel Mordi|date=2018|title=The role of the press in the democratic process: The example of Nigeria's First Republic, 1960–1966|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328234488|journal=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sikke alaa ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko politikaaji Yoruba en ummoriiɓe e fedde sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]], ko ɗum waɗi luural hakkunde pelle ɗee e hare jaayndeeji hakkunde ''Pilot'' Azikiwe e ''Daily Service NYM.''
[[File:Members of Zikist Movement.jpg|thumb|Terɗe fedde Zikist en]]

=== Diɗɗal Zikist en ===
Sukaaɓe ɓee kawri ngam haɓaade laamu koloñaal Angalteer. Gooto e fedde sukaaɓe hono ndee ko Zikist en. Diɗɗal sukaaɓe ngal alaa ko bonnata – e gardagol Kolawole Balogun, [[Raji Abdallah]], [[Osita Agwuna]], [[M. C. K. Ajuluchukwu]] e Abiodun Aloba – sosaa ko e hitaande 1946 ngam daranaade nguurndam Azikiwe e miijooji mum laamu hoore mum.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-06-14|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=262}}Kola Balogun woni hooreejo gadano dillere Zikist en. E lewru feebariyee 1946, Balogun neldi noddaango fotde sukaaɓe 20 to [[Lagos]], ngam naamnaade miijo maɓɓe e geɗe ngenndiije. E nder capanɗe ɗiɗi ɗee, sappo e ɗiɗo njaabiima, ɗum addani sosde Diɗɗal Zikist, nde tawnoo ɓeen worɓe ngontii terɗe sosɗe maggal. [[Nwafor Orizu]] sinci helmere 'Zikism' diga Azikiwe nde laati innde diina man.&lt;ref name=&quot;Olusanya-1966&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Olusanya|first=G. O.|date=November 1966|title=The Zikist Movement—a Study in Political Radicalism, 1946–50|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-modern-african-studies/article/abs/zikist-movementa-study-in-political-radicalism-194650/827C21945CCED6CADD67EE7FDB230159|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|language=en|volume=4|issue=3|pages=323–333|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00013501|issn=1469-7777|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; O wonaa tergal e dillere nde kono ko o sehil ɓadiiɗo e jiɗɗo Azikiwe, kadi omo jeyaa e sukaaɓe heewɓe ɓe Azikiwe doolni ngam janngude to [[Amerik]], e sara [[Eyo Ita]] e [[K. O. Mbadiwe|KO Mbadiwe]]. [[Raji Abdallah]] wonti hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo fedde Zikist, caggal nde Balogun ummii [[Londres]], o golliima gila 1948 haa 1949. O waɗii nafoore mawnde e heɓde ballal to bannge worgo e jeyeede e fedde nde. Abdallah e Osita Agwuna (jaagorde makko) ko ɓooyaani koo mbaɗi fedde wiyeteende “Anti-''Colour Bar'' Mouvement” (ACBM) to [[Kano]], fedde nde ina luulndii njiyaagu seerndude ɓaleeɓe e ɓaleeɓe e nder leydi Nijeer. ACBM caggal mum fusi e nder fedde Zikist ɓurnde mawnude.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iweriebor-1993&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Iweriebor|first=Ehiedu Emmanuel Goodluck|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cu3-twEACAAJ|title=Radical Nationalism in Nigeria: The Zikist Movement and the Struggle for Liberation, 1945-1950|date=1993|publisher=U.M.I.|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; No Balogun nii, e hitaande 1948, Abdallah riiwaa e golle mum e nder sarwiis jaayndeeji Kano, sarwiis jaayndeeji rajooji. Ko riiwtude mo addani mo ɓeydaade jokkondirde e Mouvement Zikist. O riiwaa sabu naatgol makko e dillere Zikist ina sikkaa ko politik ɓurɗo laaɓtude wonande golloowo laamu.

Abdallah ñaawaa caggal mum ñalnde 7 noowammbar 1948 to Ñaawirde Toownde [[Lagos]], ɗo o waɗi konngol, o wiyi nii, &quot;Ɗum ko ñalawma teeŋtuɗo no feewi. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude, ma a taw e nder daartol leydi men. Miɗo noddira ɗum ko ɓuri teeŋtude sabu ko hannde pot-ɗen fellitde, mbele eɗen poti anndude hol ko foti wonde freemen walla alaa?&quot; &quot;Miɗo yiɗi Union Jack e ɓernde am fof. Sabu so wonaa e nder leydi Angalteer, ɗo yahrata fof; woɗɗi hawrude, ina renndini yimɓe ɓee. Mi alaa ko njogiimi e laamɗo George VI mo Angalteer. Kono miɗo yiɗi ''Crown'' leydi Angalteer e ɓernde am fof. Ngam miin e banndiraaɓe am, ko maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, ko juuti e inige petition. En njaltii e duuɓi dipolomasi. Ko ɗum waɗi, miɗo ɗoo jamma, ngam noddirde spade ko spade, e machete ko machete.&quot; &quot;Hande, min, Habibu Raji Abdallah, bee mo'ere Allah, hooreejo lesdi Zikist ''Movement'' e ''Field'' Secretary NCNC, mi ɗon anndina hoore am mi ɓii lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] jeytaare e jeytaare. Mi walaa gooŋgaaku haa kala laamu jananndu, nden boo nder walaa' laamu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e heforth ngam yimɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]; haani ɗooftaade kala sariya, ko wonaa sariyaaji ɓiɗɓe leydi [[Najeriyaagal|Najeriya]], aadaaji e sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=The labour of our heroes past… (II)|url=https://dailytrust.com/the-labour-of-our-heroes-past-ii/|access-date=2026-06-21|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko ɗum waɗi, mi yoɓataa njoɓdi ndii e ooɗoo laamu.Ngam so a yoɓii, ɓe kuutortoo ko kaalis ngam duumaade njiimaandi maɓɓe e dow maa.&quot;[citation needed] E dow ñaawoore makko, o jaabtii e mitigation ''Greggcitation'', ''presitation'',

&quot;so tawii aɗa gooŋɗini e goonga wonde ko bonannde haɓaade ndimaagu, ndeen noon, e kala sahaa, ñaaw am haa mi wara. So tawiino miɗo woppitee hannde, mi waawaa rokkude hoolaare ngam muusde ɗemngal am. Miin noon, ɓernde am ina laaɓi, miɗo weltii e accude ñaawoore sakkitiinde nde So rifatho, the fuverill to weltaare waɗɓe ma ɗoo mi acca ñaawoore sakkitiinde ndee e Alla.”

[90][91][92] Konnguɗi makko lolluɗi ɗii njahdi ko caggal keeri leydi Najeriya, ɗi njaɓaa ko e lannda leƴƴi kawral (CPP) mo Kwame Nkrumah to Cote d’Or (hannde Ganaa). Laamu koloñaal jaɓaani moƴƴere e les njiimaandi rewolison e nulal Abdallah. Ko ɗum waɗi Abdallah e ardiiɓe fedde Zikist en nayo nanngaa, ɓe tuumaama ko ɓe fitinaaji.[89] Ndeeɗoo ƴaañgal e ardorde Zikist en addani njuɓɓudi goɗndi e nder Diɗɗal Zikist en, addani Nduka Eze yaltude hooreejo leydi, caggal nde Abdallah sokaa, Mokwugo Okoye wonti sekreteruuji mawɗi. Zikist en, e nder yontaaji, njaltii e NCNC, ɓuri ngenndiyaŋkooɓe e njuɓɓudi jibinannde mum en. Ofiseeji koloñaal en njiyri dille Zikist en ko renndo ngo rewaani laawol, ɓe njaltini yamiroore (Order-in-Council), ɓe kaɗi dille Zikist en ñalnde 12 abriil 1950. Caggal ɗuum fedde nde fusi, terɗe mayre mbayli e politik, e njulaagu, e laamu aadaaji.[]39]

=== Luulndaade doosgal leydi Richards ===
E hitaande 1945, guwerneer leydi Biritaan biyeteeɗo Arthur Richards hollitii eɓɓooje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi Clifford ɗe hitaande 1922.[70] Ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndee ɓeydugol terɗe Afrik toɗɗaaɗe e Diiso sarɗiiji. Kono waylooji ɗii ko ngenndiyankooɓe hono Azikiwe luulndii ɗum en.[74] Politiyankooɓe NCNC njaɓaani kuule ɗe Arthur Richards ƴetti, kam e kuulal doosgal leydi ndi ina ɗaɓɓi terɗe Afriknaaɓe nay cuɓaaɗe tan ; heddiiɓe ɓee maa ngona kanndidaaji toɗɗaaɗi.[94] Kanndidaaji Afriknaaɓe toɗɗaaɗi ɗii ko lolluɓe laamu koloñaal, tee ɓe njiɗaa laamu hoore maɓɓe e dow fenaande. Daartol luulndo ngoɗngol ko ŋakkeende nafoore ngam yahrude yeeso Afriknaaɓe e jappeere laamu toownde. NCNC ina hebli ngam haɓaade haala mum e laamu kesu nguu, hono Clement Attlee to leydi Angalteer.[95] Jaɓɓungal leydi ndi fuɗɗii ngam humpitaade ko woni e lannda ka, e dañde kaalis ngam seppo leydi Angalteer.[96] Hooreejo lannda NCNC, Herbert Macaulay maayi e nder njillu ngu, Azikiwe ƴetti ardaade lannda ka. O ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo haa Londres, ngam heblude njillu nguu, o yahi Amerik ngam ɗaɓɓude yurmeende e haala lannda kaa. Azikiwe hawri e Eleanor Roosevelt to Hyde Park, o haali ko fayti e &quot;rimɗinde leydi Naajeeriya e maccungaagu politik, ŋakkeende kisal faggudu e ŋakkeende renndo&quot;.[97]

Delegaasiyoŋ Angalteer ina jeyaa heen Azikiwe, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Zanna Dipcharima, Abubakar Olorunimbe, P. M. Kale, Adeleke Adedoyin e Nyong Essien. Ɓe njilliima Biro Kolonial Fedde Fabian, Goomu Laamɗo Gollotooɓe e Dental Almudɓe Afrik Hirnaange ngam humpitaade eɓɓooji mum ngam waylude doosɗe leydi 1922. Ina jeyaa e eɓɓooje NCNC, jokkondirde e Afriknaaɓe ko faati e waylooji doosɗe leydi Najeriya, ɓeydude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo e ustude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji hakkundeejo to bannge difagol, kaalis e geɗe caggal leydi.[100] Delegaasiyoŋ oo yettinii eɓɓaaɗe mum to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe koloñaal, kono ko seeɗa tan waɗi ngam waylude eɓɓaaɗe Richards. Doosgal Richards fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1947, Azikiwe haɓa e gooto e jooɗorɗe Lagos ngam leeltinde golle mum.[101]

=== Duuɓi 1950 haa 1953 ===
E nder doosgal leydi Richards, Azikiwe suɓaama e nder Diisnondiral Legislatif e nder wooteeji municipaal Lagos ummoraade e lannda Demokaraasi ngenndiijo (fotde NCNC).[102] Kanko e wakiliijo lannda makko ɓe tawtoraaka batu gadano diisnondiral ngal, kadi agitaasiyoŋ ngam waylude doosgal leydi Richards addani doosgal leydi Macpherson.[74] Doosgal Macpherson fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1951, hono no doosgal Richards nii, noddi wooteeji e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo. Azikiwe saliima waylooji ɗii, o haɓanaaki fartaŋŋe waylude doosgal leydi kesal ngal.

Wooteeji limtaaɗi mbaɗaama tuggi lewru ut haa lewru desaambar 1951.[103] To Diiwaan Hirnaange (ɗo Azikiwe darinoo ɗoo), lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɓuri heen heewde : NCNC mo Azikiwe e Goomu golle. Woote Asaambele diiwaan Hirnaange mbaɗaama e lewru suwee e desaambar 1951 sabu doosgal leydi ndii ina ɗaɓɓi e kollirɗe woote ngam suɓaade terɗe suudu sarɗiiji ngenndi ; ko ɓuri heewde e Action Group e nder suudu nduu ina waawi haɗde Azikiwe yahde suudu sarɗiiji.[104] O heɓi jooɗorde asamblee diiwaan oo gila Lagos, kono lannda luulndo ngoo wiyi ina jogii ɓural e nder suudu sarɗiiji, Azikiwe kadi daranaaki Lagos e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde. E hitaande 1951, o wonti hooreejo luulndo laamu Obafemi Awolowo to suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan hirnaange. Azikiwe suɓaaka e nder batu ngenndi, waɗii jiiɓru e nder hirnaange.[105] Nanondiral hakkunde terɗe NCNC cuɓaaɗe ummoriiɗe Lagos ngam woppude Azikiwe so tawii o suɓaaka, yanii. Azikiwe tuumi doosgal leydi, o yiɗi ko waylooji mbaɗee. NCNC (mo jiimi e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange) jaɓi, e ƴettude peeje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi.[106]

Azikiwe ummiima to Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1952,[107][108] e batu diiwaan mo NCNC ɓuri heewde oo waɗi eɓɓooje ngam jaɓɓaade mo. Hay so tawii jaagorɗe diiwaan e hakkundeeje lannda kaa ɗaɓɓiraama yo njokku laamu e nder mbayliigu kabine, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe njaɓaani ɗaɓɓaande ndee.[109] Ndeen asaambele diiwaan oo waɗii woote ngam waasde hoolaade jaagorɗe ɗee, kadi kuule appropriation neldaaɗe to ministeer oo njaɓaaka.[81] Ɗum addani diiwaan hee ŋakkere, lietnaa-guwerneer oo fusi galle diiwaan oo. Woote kese ngartiri Azikiwe e wonde tergal Asammbele Fuɗnaange. O suɓaama hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o laati hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1954 nde ɗum warti kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya.

== Premier diiwaan Fuɗnaange ==
Azikiwe wonti hooreejo leydi diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1954 caggal nde doosgal kesal waɗtaa e golle. Komisiyoŋ faggudu diiwaan Fuɗnaange Azikiwe gollondirii e Orop e Amerik worgo ngam wallitde ƴellitaare e nder diiwaan hee, e nder njulaagu, e nder njulaagu nebam leɗɗe, e nder njamndi e kemikal e nder diiwaan hee. O mahii sosiyetee semmbe Nijeer lolluɗo to Nkalagu e nder diiwaan Ebonyi hannde oo, o fuɗɗii golle ñalnde 1 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 1955. O mahii gaas Nijeer. O sosi kadi sosiyetee gadano e nder leydi Nijeer, biyeteeɗo Niger Steel. O sosi banke ɓiɓɓe lesdi Naajeeriya arandeejo, Banke Afrik (ACB). Ummingo ACB waɗi ngomnati Hirnaange lesdi Naajeeriya sosde Banki lesdi Naajeeriya, ngomnati woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya darni banki woylaare. ACB ina waɗi nafoore e feeñde e fedde njulaagu mawnde to Fuɗnaange gila e kitaale 1950. Banki oo kadi waɗii geɗe keewɗe e ƴellitaare gonnooɗo Biafrannaaɓe e darnugol hareeji e hitaande 1970. O sosi porogaraam jaŋde baawɗo rokkude leydi Naajeeriya wontude leydi ɓurndi yaajde e yeeyde jaŋde caggal leydi e nder Afrik.

Azikiwe sosi fedde ƴellitaare fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, nde waɗii darnde mawnde e mahngo duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Nsukka, duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde gadanal e nder leydi ndi, ngal timmungal, e hitaande 1960. Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya sosaa ko ñalnde 18 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1955, caggal nde sariya ngam sosde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ngal e les njiimaandi Inter- Council Jaŋde e caggal leydi e njuɓɓudi gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele (jooni USAID), J.W. Cook (VC mo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Exeter), Dr John A. Hannah (Hooreejo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Michigan State), e Dr Glen L. Taggart, Deenoowo Porogaraamuuji hakkunde leyɗeele (MSU), ngarii e leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1958. Goomu nguu ƴeewtindiima nokku oo to Nsukka, e wiɗtude no feewi geɗe keewɗe ceertuɗe jowitiiɗe e sosde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde kesal.

Hayre nden waɗaama wakkati juulde jeytaare lesdi Naajeeriya, nde laamiiɗo debbo Alexandra mo Kent, laamiiɗo debbo Elizabeth II, wadi ɗum. Kalaasuuji puɗɗii ko ñalnde 17 oktoobar 1960 e binnditagol 220 almuudo e 13 tergal gollordu jaŋde. Nde laati Jaami'aare arandeere nder Naajeeriya, jaami'aare arandeere nde laamu lesdi Naajeeriya sosi, nden nder hitaande 1963, jaami'aare arandeere hokkata dipolomaaji lesdi Naajeeriya.[110]

E hitaande 1957, Azikiwe haaliino e nulaaɓe Angalteer e Naajeeriya e nder batu Lancaster House e hitaande 1957, ɗo doosɗe fedde nde ngam Naajeeriya jeytaare mum feewnaa. Joɗnde nde ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Biritaan ardii, waɗii won e nulaaɓe leydi Najeriya. Ardii dental ngal ko Abubakar Tafawa Balewa mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare, Obafemi Awolowo mo fedde Action, Eyo Ita mo lannda ngenndiijo jeytaare e Ahmadu Bello mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare.

Ñalnde 3 feebariyee 1959, Azikiwe jaɓɓiima Kwame Nkrumah (gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Gana keso toɗɗaaɗo) njillu to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer. O yilli suudu joonde diiwaan fuɗnaange e wondude e wondiiɓe makko, Hon. Jaagorgal ko feewti e geɗe caggal leydi, hono Kodjo Botsio e wasiyaaji ko feewti e geɗe Afrik, hono George Padmore. Nnamdi Azikiwe huutoriima ñalngu nguu, to suudu sarɗiiji fuɗnaange, ngam waɗde konngol teddinoowo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Nkrumah, o siftini no Kwame dartiniri golle Afrik.

Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1959, Azikiwe lomtii Michael Okpara, gardiiɗo diiwaan fuɗnaange. Ñalnde 28 oktoobar 1959, guwerneer seneraal Robertson habrii fusde suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, tawi ina waɗi 184 tergal, tuggi 1 noowammbar 1959, mbele woote jeytaare ina mbaɗee.

Ñalnde 12 desaambar 1959, woote parlemaa mbaɗaama to Nijeer ngam ƴamde 312 jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji. Diɗɗal lesdi Naajeeriya e Kamerun (NCNC) ngal Azikiwe woni arandeere nden heɓi 2,594,577 woote e 89 jooɗorde.

Fedde Awolowo (AG), woni 2ɓo e 1 992, 364 woote e 75 jooɗorde. Kongres yimɓe woylaare lesdi Tafawa Balewa (NPC) woni 3ɓo e 1 922 179 e 148 e nder 312 jooɗorde nder suudu sarɗiiji.

Lanndaaji tati mawɗi ɗi e nder woote ɗee mbaawaano heɓde jooɗorɗe keewɗe ngam sosde laamu. Guverneur général Robertson noddi Tafawa Balewa yo o dañ laamu ngu. Ñalnde 16 desaambar, Ahmadu Bello e Tafawa Balewa etinooma yettaade nanondiral ngam waawde jogaade laamu nguu hakkunde NPC e NCNC. Governor General humpitaama e kawral ngal, ko ɗum waɗi o jaɓi kabine sappo e jeegom mo Balewa suɓii.[111][112]

== Ndimaagu leydi Naajeeriya ==
Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 1960, parlemaa leydi Biritaan ƴetti kuulal jeytaare leydi Najeriya, hitaande 1960, ngal hokki ndimaagu leydi Najeriya. Jamma 30 suwee 1960, laana ndiwoowa British Union Jack jippinaa e kewu mawningol, tawi tedduɓe tawtoraama. Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 1960, laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Alexandra lomtotooɗo laamɗo debbo oo, udditi Parlemaa gadano leydi ndii. Doosgal kesal, sosngal njuɓɓudi fedde nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe cuɓaaɗo e hooreejo leydi kewu sosaa. Laamu kawtal NCNC e NPC woni laamu nde Naajeeriya heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, Sir Tafawa Balewa woni hooreejo leydi ndi, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo Senaa.

Ɓooytaani, Azikiwe lomtii Sir James Robertson, wonti Guwerneer Seneraal gadano e nder leydi ndii. Kono e nder doosɗe leydi Najeriya, guwerneer jeneral ko hooreejo leydi tan. Darnde Guwerneer-General e terɗe Diisnondiral Laamɗo debbo, mbaɗti Azikiwe dow politik lannda. Kabinee hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya arandeere Tafawa Balewa hawti bee; M Johnson, Bukar Dipcharima, Ayo Rosiji, Aja Wachukwu, Kolawole Balogun, e Victor Mukete (Kamerun), Samuel Akintola, Raymond Njoku, Alhaji Ribadu, Kingsley O. Mbadiwe, Festus Okotie-Eboh, e Allaji Inua Wada.[113][14]

Sir Tafawa Balewa waɗii konngol mum to nokku biyeteeɗo Race Course (hannde ko nokku Tafawa Balewa) to Lagos e nder ñalɗi jeytaare leydi ndii. E nder konngol makko o wiyi, &quot;Kewu hannde oo ko ñalngu nguu, ko ñalngu nguu fuɗɗii duuɓi sappo e joyi jooni, ngu yettiima ɗo haaɗi. Ko e manngu laaɓtungu, min mbiyata ko keɓgol Jeytaare men ngol alaa ko nanndi e mum e nder annals daartol. Kala taƴre men nde ina waɗi planfuncelly e dow doosgal men e kaaldigal udditiingal, wonaa tan hakkunde wakili’en denndaangal nafooje ceertuɗe e nder leydi Najeriya kono ko e ballondiral e laamu njuɓɓudi ndi hannde woppi laamu mum.&quot;[115]

== Gomnajo lesdi Naajeeriya ==
Nde ngon-mi suka mi yi’i gite: gite Naajeeriya wonta leydi mawndi e nder duunde Afrik ummotoonde; visions of Nigeria hokkata ndimu haa ɓe nder maccungaaku, e heɓugo laawol demokaraasi ngam ɓe ɗonno lulla nder illusion of security les laamu koloñaal..Miɗo hooli mi hoyɗan koyɗi am nder jam e ɓeydaari cemmbiɗinki yimɓe leydi am Naajeeriya. Motto fedde jeytaare leydi Naajeeriya woni Kawtal e Nuɗɗinki. Miɗo ñaagii nde ndeenten ngootaagu men, ndeentoo goonɗinal men.

— Nnamdi Azikiwe (duuɓi 1960, Londres)[116]

Azikiwe ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, hono Harold Macmillan, wasiyii mo yo lomto Sir James Robertson, e nder njillu makko to Lagos e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1960. Joɗnde Guwerneer-Jeneral fedde nde e nder haala tiitoonde, waɗi mo wakiliijo laamɗo leydi Angalteer to leydi Nijeer. Udditgol Azikiwe e lewru noowammbar 1960, seedtiima yoga e gollodiiɓe makko e nder Atlantik ɓaleejo, won heen ko Martin Luther King Jr. Du Bois, Sirli Graham Du Bois, Ami Jak Garvey, e Joorji S. Suyler.[117] Martin Luther King Jr. hollitii wonde hareeji ndimaagu e nder leydi Nijeer e nder leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ina njogii batte keewɗe e dille jojjanɗe aadee Amerik, o siftini wonde Azikiwe e ardiiɓe Afrik woɗɓe ko &quot;jaambaarooji ɓurɗi lollude e ko ɓuri heewde e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Negro en aduna o.&quot;

Haa timminorde haala maako, Zik wi'i, &quot;min, ɓe mbaawata siftoreede no haanirta nii, min mbaɗi Naajeeriya hannde, ɓe ngaddi ndimu nder leydi men, ɓe ndewi kawtal men bana lenyol&quot;, ko &quot;taariiha hokki yam geɓe mawɗe ngam mi heɓa batte duumotooɗe e ngam wadduki haaje yimɓe men.&quot; O wiyi kadi &quot;mi jogaaki miijo e wellitaare am walla hay kisal walla hay nguurndam e hoore mum, so tawii ko ɗeen ngoni coggu ngu pot-mi yoɓde ngam ardaade ngam hisnude ndimaagu e ngootaagu leydi am.&quot;[118]

Azikiwe tawtoraama batu diiwaan Afrik gadano Fedde Adunaare Golle (OIT), ngu yuɓɓinaa to Lagos, leydi Nijeer e lewru Duujal 1960. Tawtoraama heen: Mr. Johnson, jaagorgal golle leydi Nijeer e hooreejo batu nguu, Mr. Demby, jaagorgal golle leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, e David Director A-G19,[ ILO.19]. E lewru desaambar 1961 Fedde Ameriknaare Pinal Afrik (AMSAC) yuɓɓinii ñalngu mawngu e nder wuro Lagos, to leydi Nijeer. Yimɓe Ameriknaaɓe mawɓe ko wayi no Nina Simone, Langston Hughes, e Lionel Hampton njahii e yahdu AMSAC timmundu ngam semmbinde jokkondiral hakkunde Afriknaaɓe e Ameriknaaɓe/Afriknaaɓe. Ɓe njaɓɓaama e Azikiwe to Lagos.[120]

Ñalnde 17 noowammbar 1961, e nder konngol makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Najeriya to Nsukka, Zik hollitii eɓɓaande mum ngam Najeriya ƴettude doosgal leydi republique tawa ina heddii e tergal Commonwealth. E hitaande 1962, Azikiwe eeriima ardiiɓe Afrik e nder batu Lagos, yo cos fedde dowlaaji Afrik. Koolol Lagos ngol winnditii sarɗiiji eɓɓaaɗi ngam &quot;Fedde hakkunde Afrik e Malagasi&quot; e gardagol Azikiwe. Caggal ɗuum, nde jaɓaa e lewru mee 1963 e Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik.[121]

E hitaande 1963, Azikiwe yamiri gollorde gadane nde Guinness mahi caggal leydi Irlannda e Angalteer to Lagos

== Hooreejo leydi (1963-1966) ==
Leydi Naajeeriya sosaa ko ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa woni gardiiɗo jaagorɗe (hooreejo laamu) e Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo (hooreejo leydi) e hooreejo konu. Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Tafawa Balewa hollitii waylude doosgal leydi ndi 1960 ngam waylude Azikiwe e wonde Guwerneer Jeneral, e waylude tiitoonde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi kewu. Balewa hollitii wonde Azikiwe ina foti innireede hooreejo leydi e nder doosɗe leydi 1963 sabu leydi Naajeeriya meeɗaani yoɓde Dr. Ko zuum wazi, kuulal 157 doosgal leydi Najeriya 1963, tiitoonde mum ko Nnamdi Azikiwe ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, ina winndaa heen &quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe ina foti wonde hooreejo leydi e ñalngu ngu doosgal leydi ndi fuzzii.&quot;[122][123]

Ñalnde 30 lewru Duujal hitaande 1964, wooteeji feddeeji gadani e nder leydi Nijeer gila nde heɓi jeytaare mum. Woote ɗee njoofiima jonte keewɗe sabu luural hakkunde limoore inɗe gonɗe e doggol wooteeji ɗii e doggol binnditagol ngol. Lebbi jeegom caggal wooteeji ɗii, fotde 2 000 neɗɗo maayi e fitinaaji baɗnooɗi e nder diiwaan hirnaange.[124]

=== 1964 kiris e kuudetaa ===
Nigerian Daily Express wi'i nyande 3 mars 1964, &quot;Haa heɓugo ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960, eɓɓoore amin arandeere ngam anndugo ɗuuɗal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya laati kuugal limngal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1962. Hooreejo komitiiru limngal lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati man woni J. J. Warren. Njeñtudi limngal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyon ha Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa salii njeñtudi ndi o woppi Mr. Warren, o yamiri yo o riiwtu e hitaande 1963. Caggal nde o waɗi manipulaasiyoŋ, njeñtudi binnditagol ngol hollitii wonde Fuɗnaange ina les limtaa e miliyoŋaaji 8,5 e nder hitaande 1962 gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii ɓeydii dow limoore ndee haa 65,66 miliyoŋ woote fedde ndee e lewru desaambar 1964 ngaddi caɗeele mawɗe, ruppitii laamu kawral NPC e NCNC. Wooteeji ɗii mbaɗii boykotuuji keewɗi, njulaagu, hulɓinaare, njulaagu e fitinaaji ɗi Azikiwe waɗi haa o salii noddude gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Balewa ngam sosde laamu kesu. Balɗe seeɗa, jokkere enɗam apokaliptik ina jokki e dow leydi ndii haa nde Azikiwe ƴetti konngol e dow doosɗe leydi ndii.[126]

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Azikiwe resi debbo mum gadano biyeteeɗo Flora Azikiwe ñalnde 4 abriil 1936 to Akra, to Cote d’Or nde o woni gardiiɗo jaaynde Afrik subaka. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe nayo, ɓiɗɗo debbo gooto e ɓiɓɓe worɓe tato.

E hitaande 1973 Azikiwe resi debbo mum ɗiɗaɓo Uche Azikiwe nde o yahrata e duuɓi 26. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo.

== Posto hooreejo leydi e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ==
Laamu leydi Najeriya momti diiwanuuji feddeeji nay ɗii ñalnde 24 lewru mbooy hitaande 1966. Won e leƴƴi fuɗnaange fotde 115 neɗɗo mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik ñalnde 28 lewru mbooy-2 lewru juko hitaande 1966 ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966. Fotde 30 neɗɗo mbaraama e hareeji politik to Lagos ñalnde 29 sulyee-1 ut 1966, fotde 250 000 leñol fuɗnaange ndogi ummoraade e diiwaan Fuɗnaange fayde e diiwaan fuɗnaange caggal kuudetaa konu. Lietnaa Kolonel Yakubu Gowon huniima wonde hooreejo laamu konu fedde nde caggal kuudetaa konu, o artiri diiwanuuji fedde ndee nay ñalnde 31 ut 1966. Fotde 2 000 leñol Igbos mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange to4ctober L69 Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, guwerneer konu diiwal fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, anndinii dow diiwal ngal natti jaɓugo Gowon bana hooreejo laamu konu lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 2 mars 1967. Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon hoosi bawɗe timmuɗe bana komandaajo mawdo laamu e hooreejo laamu militaari7 ngam ardungal 1967. Gowon anndini laamu nguu ñalnde 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967. Ojukwu bayyini jeytaare leydi Biafra to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 caggal nde laamu fedde ndee teddinaani nanondiral Aburi.[127]

127 128 129 130 77.

Azikiwe e fuɗɗoode ina wallitnoo Biafra e anndinde ɗum e nder winndere ndee. O huutoriima doole makko politik ngam ardaade delegaasiyoŋ Biafra caggal leydi ngam jaɓde dowla jeytaare. E hitaande 1968, nde o yiyi batte hare ndee, o ñaagii Ojukwu nde o joofnata kaaldigal e Gowon, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Azikiwe woɗɗitii politik caggal wolde. O woniino hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos tuggi 1972 haa 1976. Jokkugol laamu konu e rokkude laamu laamu demokaraasi e hitaande 1979 rokki Azikiwe fartaŋŋe wartaade politik. O naati nder lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1978, o waɗi ɗaɓɓaande ardiiɗo leydi Naajeeriya nde o heɓi nasaraaku nder hitaande 1979 e hitaande 1983. O acci siyaasaaku haa abada ɓaawo kuudetaa konu nder hitaande 1983 nde Muhammadu Buhari ardii

=== Duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ===
Fitinaaji meeɗaay wonde kuutorgal ngal min kuutortoo, minen sosɓe leydi Najeriya, ngam safrude caɗeele politik. E nder aadaaji Angalteer, min kaaldii e Biro Koloñaal ngam jaɓde caɗeele amen ngam ŋakkeende e moƴƴere haala amen ngam laamu hoore mum. Caggal batuuji jeegom doosɗe leydi e hitaande 1953, 1954, 1957, 1958, 1959, e 1960, Angalteer rokkii en hakke ngam tabitinde jeytaare men politik gila 1 oktoobar 1960. Hay gooto e lanndaaji politik leydi Najeriya ɗi meeɗaani ƴettude jeytaare men politik e men happy violed to en meeɗaani jaɓde jeytaare men politik wonde hay toɓɓere ƴiiƴam Angalteer walla Najeriya rufaaka e nder hare men ngenndiire ngam nokku men e naange. Ndee ɗoo hujja daartol addani mi wiyde e yeeso yimɓe fof e nder leydi Najeriya wonde laamu nguu rokkii en laamu hoore mum e dow lowre kaŋŋe. Ko goonga, yonta am ina cemmbina mi, kono geɗe daartol ɗee ko ɗe njiyataa. Miɗo sikki ko ɓuri mettude ko ‘Sukaaɓe Turki’ men pellitii naatnude elemen mbayliigu bonngu e nder politik leydi Najeriya. No ɓe e renndo men fof mbaawirta ustude politikaaji tiiɗɗi, ma a taw nannguɗi, ko politik mo alaa hakkille. Mi jokki bee Seneraal Aguiyi-Ironsi, Ofiisaajo Seneraal Ardiido sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, mo mi faami, jooni o hoosi kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya. Miɗo sakka golle am ngam kala udditgol jam ngam haɗde ƴiiƴam ɓeydaade, ngam weltinde ofiseeji muusɗi ɗii, e artirde sariya e deeƴre. So mi nanii haala makko tan, mi waɗa peeje ngam hootde galle. Ko fayti e am, miɗo jogori warde ardiiɓe men politik e konu ko musiiba ngenndiijo.

— Jaabawol hooreejo leydi Nnamdi Azikiwe e kuudetaa konu gadano, hitaande 1966.[131]

Ñalnde 8 noowammbar 1989, jaayɗe ciifi e fenaande wonde Azikiwe maayii, sabu naamne jaayndiyanke BBC jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko. O artiri o wiyi &quot;mi yaawaani yaltude oo aduna, sabu ko kañum tan woni tagofeere nde nganndu-mi.&quot; E hitaande 1991, Azikiwe yahiino e udditgol nokku Nnamdi Azikiwe to Zungeru, nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, e juuɗe hooreejo leydi Ibraahiima Babangida. E nder ndunngu 1995, o rokki yeewtere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Pennsylvania e gardiiɗo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal.

Azikiwe maayi haa ñalnde 11 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1996, to opitaal janngirde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Enugu caggal nde o rafi ko juuti. O yahrata ko e duuɓi 91. Azikiwe rokkaama wirwirnde dowla e laamu Sani Abacha, caggal fotde jonte ɗiɗi kewuuji ngenndiiji. Ɓanndu makko nawaama e gure keewɗe teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndi ngam sunaare e teddungal. O wirnaa e wuro makko Onitsha ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1996, ñalnde wonnde ñalngu ngu o heɓi duuɓi 92. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde wiyeteende New York Times teskiima,

&quot;O toowii dow geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder Afrik, o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teddineede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko.&quot;[132]

E hitaande 2019, laamu hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari ƴettii golle timminde suudu ndu Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, ndu anndinaama ndu nokkuure nden.[133][134]

== Innde e ndonu daartol ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, ƴaañgal Afrik seediima laamuuji Orop ina peccii Afrik, ina kuutoroo jawdi aadee e tago. Ƴellitaare miijo politik Afrik feeñi ko e anniya yiylaade eɓɓoore miijo jaɓgol hoore mum e ngenndiyaŋkaagal pinal cemmbinngal. Ina jeyaa e daraniiɓe Pan Afrik, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Pilot ndimaagu leydi Nijeer. Nokku Azikiwe nder cosmology Naajeeriya ɗon yaaji haa darnde maako nde o jogi. O rokki ngenndiyaŋkaagal e hare jeytaare maanaa keso. Zik, e oon sahaa to duɗal Hope Waddel, ina anndi miijooji Marcus Garvey ko fayti e Pan-Afrik, teeŋtinoowo doole Afriknaaɓe, e rimɗinde Afrik e juuɗe Afriknaaɓe. Ɗum addani Zik naamnaade laawɗingol koloñaal e nder Afrik, tee ina jeyaa e ko Garvey wiyi ngam rimɗinde Afrik e laamuuji koloñaal. E wakkati nde Naajeeriya woni haa jooni mooɓre diiwalji feere-feere, anndalji e dente nokkuuje, Zik fuɗɗi ƴamɗe ngam heɓugo ndimu Naajeeriya e ngam sosde senngooji ɗi ngalaa lenyol, ɗi ngalaa leƴƴi ngam yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e yidde lesdi maɓɓe.[116][135]

Azikiwe yahiino to Amerik ɗo o janngi e jannginde e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ceertuɗe to Fuɗnaange, o yi’i weeyo ngo njiyaagu e ƴellitaare `Negro' radikal. O heɓi kadi ballal e hooreejo leydi Amerik e teeminannde 19ɓiire, hono James A Garfield, e dow huɗo ngam weltinde njiimaandi politik. Nde o arti e Afrik worgo, ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ngoƴa makko, ko ɗum waɗi, wonaa hare leydi, ngenndiyaŋkoore, kono ko hare winndereyankoore, winndereyankoore ngam leñol ɓaleejo. Ko o gardiiɗo jaaynde African Morning Post to Accra, tuggi 1935 haa 1937, Azikiwe heɓi ɗoon e ɗoon innde sabu jaayndeyaagal makko toowngal `American style' e ñiŋde cuusal makko e njuɓɓudi koloñaal, e ardiiɓe koloñaal kam e ardiiɓe Afrik nokkuuji ɗii. Semmbe makko ina yaaji e nder leyɗeele koloñaal Biritaan en fof, ko kanko woni doole guurɗe won e ardiiɓe Afrik hono Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, Dauda Jawara, Kenneth Kaunda e Milton Obote e woɗɓe.

Jaayndeyaagal Azikiwe kaɓanngal e ƴattooje ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e darnde makko e doole makko, kadi ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e ummital Naajeeriya. Azikiwe sosi fedde jaayndeyaagal wiyeteende Zik Group, nde o sosi e nde o yuɓɓini Pilot West African, nde o inniri « kaayitaaji ngenndiyaŋkooji ñaamooɓe yiite, doolnuɗi, ɓurɗi toowde ». E les njiimaandi Zik Group o wayli golle jaayɗe Afrik hirnaange, o hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore, o yaajtini nafoore makko e jogaade ko ina tolnoo e jaayɗe 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe Afriknaaɓe njiylotoo. Pilot Afrik hirnaange mawni no feewi gila e doggol adanngol ngol 6 000 ekkol ñalnde kala, haa e doggol ko ina ɓura 20 000 ekkol e tolno mum e kitaale 1950.[136][137][138]

Kaayitaaji keertiiɗi ɗi Nnamdi Azikiwe, hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya arandeejo, ɗon mari haaje nder suudu defte maako haa Nsukka, Naajeeriya. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen binndanɗe keertiiɗe, eɓɓaande ciimtol makko, binndanɗe dowla ummoraade e gardagol makko, binndanɗe politik jowitiiɗe e Republique Biafra, kaɓirɗe ummoraade e kampaañ Azikiwe e hitaande 1979 e 1983, kam e defte e jaayɗe seeɗa ɗe keewaani. Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Vanderbilt, e ballal kaalis e porogaraam defte binndaaɗe e nder defterdu UCLA, waɗii ɗeen geɗe dijital ngam sosde mooɓondiral geɗe puɗɗaaɗe jowitiiɗe e jaŋde leydi Najeriya e leydi Biafra [139]. Ndee ɗoo deftere ina heɓoo e dijital rewrude e defterdu UCLA[140]

=== Teddungal ===
Leydi Biritaan : Tergal e Diiso doosɗe leydi Biritaan, ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1960.[141] 

Komanda mawɗo fedde nde (GCFR).[142]

=== Degreeji teddungal ===
Azikiwe heɓi dipolomaaji teddungal 14 ummoraade e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Najeriya, Amerik e Liberiya, teeŋti noon :

Pennsylvanie 1946: Doktoor to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln

Virginia Hirnaange 1947: Doktoor ɓataakeeji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer

Washington, D.C. 1950: Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Howard heɓi Doktoraa mum to bannge sariya

Michigan 1959: Doktoor tedduɗo e sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Michigan[143]

Naajeeriya 1961: Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji (D.Litt.) to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Naajeeriya[144]

Liberiya 1969 : Doktoraa mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Liberiya

Pennsylvanie 1980 : Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji aadee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvanie

Woɗɓe ina mbaɗi dipolomaaji ummoraade e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, UNIZIK, e FUTO.[145]

=== Siftorde e monumndaaji ===

=== Kaalis e tammborɗe posto ===
Natal Azikiwe feeñii e kaalis ₦500 leydi Naajeeriya gila hitaande 2001. Natal makko ina tawee e limlebbi postooji ɗi ɓe peeñnini e hitaande 1964, gila ndeen kadi feeñii e limlebbi goɗɗi.[150]

=== E nder pinal leñol ===
Nguurndam Azikiwe gadana ko kanko winndi, yaltinaa e hitaande 1970, tiitoonde mum ko Odyssey am: nguurndam am.

Laamu leydi Naajeeriya sosi njeenaari Zik, njeenaari ardungal hitaande kala, e hitaande 1995, ngam teddinde Azikiwe.

E hitaande 2006, Ben Obi fuɗɗii yeewtere hitaandeere Zik ngam maayde golle moƴƴe e ndonu Azikiwe.[151]

Filoosofi jaŋde Azikiwe hollitaama e nder filmo binndaaɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya.[152]

E hitaande 2023, Fedde Duke Shomolu yaltinii pijirlooji tuugiiɗi e nguurndam e jamaanu Azikiwe.

Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Michigan State sosi ‘Fedde janngooɓe Afriknaaɓe hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe’ e hitaande 2023, ngam wallitde janngooɓe Afriknaaɓe hakkunde leyɗeele MSU to Afrik ngam wiɗtooji. Njeenaari ndii ko ngam teddinde Azikiwe mo gollodii e jannginooɓe MSU ngam mahde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya) to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya.

=== Teddungal aadaaji ===
Azikiwe naatnaa e renndo Agbalanze Onitsha e innde Nnanyelugo e hitaande 1946, ko ɗum anndinde worɓe Onitsha jogiiɓe golle maantiniiɗe. E hitaande 1962, o wonti mawɗo leydi ɗiɗaɓo (Ndichie Okwa) hono Obi Oziziani.[130] Mawɗo Azikiwe toɗɗaama bana Owelle-Osowa-Anya mo Onitsha nder hitaande 1972, ɗum waɗi mo ardiiɗo ronkaaku arandeejo (Ndichie Ume) nder caltal Igbo nder laamiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya.[107]

== Miijooji politik ==
Zikism; ko miijo politik ɓurngo lollude e Nnamdi Azikiwe, faandaare mum ko ustude hakkillaaji sukaaɓe Afriknaaɓe. E sahaa nde dowlaaji Afrik ngonnoo e les njiimaandi Angalteer, Zik ƴetti filosof mum politik, hono miijo mbayliigu. Canons jowi Zikism woni &quot;Balans Ruuhu&quot;, &quot;Regeneration Sociale&quot;, &quot;Determinism Faggudu&quot;, &quot;Emancipation Mentale&quot;, e &quot;Ummital Politik&quot;. E werlaade annoore ɓurnde laaɓtude e canons, Azikiwe teeŋtinii, &quot;Ko adii fof, mi ƴettii konngol balance spirituel ngam hollirde ndimaagu teskinngu e nder ɓernde, miijo e miijo... Ɗiɗaɓere, mi mahii ƴellitaare renndo ngam hollirde ndimaagu fedde e ndimaagu diisnondiral .. Tataɓol, mi ventured e nder faggudu taprocie so I goongɗini Mi lootii hono ngool ngonka nguurndam determinism faggudu, sabu miɗo gooŋɗini miijo Karl Marx e firo faggudu daartol e nder lewru e nder Afrik fof... Nayaɓol ngol, mi fellitii waɗde yah-ngartaa e nder fannuuji hakkille ... Ko ɗum waɗi mi ƴetti tesis wonde emancipaasiyoŋ hakkille ina haani wonande Afriknaaɓe jannguɓe bonɓe. Joyaɓere ... alaa ko waawi sikkeede e Risorgimento politik Afriknaajo, nde tawnoo wellitaare ɗeen sarɗiiji ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu nguurndam, ndimaagu, e jokkude wellitaare.&quot;

Weltaare Neo; Azikiwe huutoriima pinal Afriknaaɓe e faggudu Afriknaaɓe ko adii koloñaal ngam ƴellitde miijo makko faggudu Neo-Welfarist, o wasiyii eklektisism e pragmatism ngam wonde tuugnorgal filosofi wonande neo-welfarism.[153]

Pragmatisme eklektik; Eklektik-pragmatism wonande Azikiwe ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade haa teeŋti e goongaaji keewɗi fannuuji faggudu e politik. Ko feere etaade yuɓɓinde miijooji nannduɗi e luurondirɗi, wonaa e safrude luural, kono ko e suɓaade e hawrude e ko nafata e ko waawi huutoreede e kala heen ngam heɓde paandaale yiɗde. Nii woni, pragmatisme eklektik ina wayi no ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade caɗeele Afrik e nder ƴeewndorɗe ceertuɗe e teskinɗe ɗe njiylotonoo ɗe.[154]

=== Golle ===
Zik (1961)

Odiseeji am (1971)

Afrik keso (1973)

Liberiyaa e nder politik winndere (1931)

——— (hitaande 1966). Teemedere Ciimtol Ciimtol e Yimre Rt. Hon. Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe. Duɗal njuɓɓudi e karallaagal. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2736-09-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

Sifaa siyaasaaku ngam lesdi Naajeeriya (1943)

Faggudu leydi Naajeeriya (1943)

Zik: Cuɓagol konnguɗi Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe (1961)

Daartol warngo: Goonga walla fenaande? (1946)

Ko adii men ina woodi yanaande udditiinde (1947)

Jaango Pan-Afrik (1961)

Goongaaji ngootaagu Afrik (1965)

Iwdi wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya (1969)

Mi ɗon nuɗɗina Naajeeriya gooto (1969)

Eɓɓooje jam ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya (1969)

Kaaldigal dow Laamorde Kesum ngam Naajeeriya (1974)

Taggol lesɗe ɗuuɗɗe nder Naajeeriya, limngal siyaasaaku (1974)

Demokaraasi e jeertinaango konu (1974)

Reorientaasiyoŋ miijooji Najeriya : yeewtere ñalnde 9 lewru Duujal hitaande 1976, e ñalngu udditgol kaalis dokkal UNN (1976)

Hare men ngam Ndimaagu; Kiriis luumo Onitsha (1976)

Njaafoɗen Ɓiɓɓe Men. Eeraango feewde e ardiiɓe e yimɓe Onitsha e nder caɗeele luumo (1976)

Koolol jimɗi (1977)

Soliloquies wolde nder leydi: Ko ɓuri heewde e jimɗi (1977)

Teemedde e nder miijo renndo e politik Afrik (1978)

Gartirgol Demokaraasi Naajeeriya (1978)

Golle ɓennuɗe ɗe ngalaa nanndo: Jaabawol am e caɗeele mawɗo Awolowo (1979)

Haala ɓernde (1979)

——— (hitaande 1980). Miijo ngam Naajeeriya: Kapitaalisma, Sosiyaalisma walla Weltaare?. Makmilan leydi Nijeer. h. 196. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9789781325212&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

——— (hitaande 1983). Bonannde Hoolaare e NPN.

——— (hitaande 1983). Daartol Maa Ƴeewto Goongɗinɓe.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Ngenndiyankaagal Afrik

Filoosofi Zikist

Njeenaari Zik

== Tuugnorgal ==
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      <text bytes="88536" sha1="tpia8j4g1pa71kg8xtfv10defk6wwhu" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe'''GCFR PC (HeɗtoR; 16 noowammbar 1904 – 11 [[lewru]] mee 1996),&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe {{!}} president of Nigeria|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|access-date=2022-03-26|website=[[Britannica]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya ko '''Zik mo Afrik''', ko o dawriyanke, laamuyanke, e hooreejo leydi Nijeer, o woniino hooreejo leydi Nijeer gadano gila e hitaande 1960 haa e hitaande 1960 (1963-1966).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=French|first=Howard W.|date=1996-05-14|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; O ɗon laara no baaba lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nden bo o ɗon nder ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 1960.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-10-01|title=Heroes of the struggle for Nigeria's independence/pioneer political|url=https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-05-24|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=On this day in 1904 Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe, was born in Zungeru, Niger State, North-Central Nigeria|url=http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|date=2017-11-16|website=[[Jay FM]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805081611/http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Crowcroft|first=Barnaby|title=The Radical Nationalist as Constitutional Head of State: Nigeria, 1960–66|date=2020|work=Viceregalism: The Crown as Head of State in Political Crises in the Postwar Commonwealth|pages=179–202|editor-last=Kumarasingham|editor-first=H.|series=Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-46283-3_7|isbn=978-3-030-46283-3|s2cid=226564363}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Azikiwe jibinaa ko [[Zungeru]] e nder [[Diiwal Niger|diiwaan Niger]] hannde oo, jibnaaɓe [[Igbo]] en ummoriiɓe [[Onitsha]], [[Diiwal Anambra|diiwaan Anambra]], Azikiwe janngi ɗemngal Hausa ngal woni ɗemngal ɓurngal mawnude e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange. Caggal mum o neldaa hoɗde e neene makko e neene makko to wuro makko [[Onitsha]], ɗo o janngi ɗemngal [[Igbo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=chuku|first=gloria|title=Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi|year=2011|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-0239|work=Dictionary of African Biography|access-date=2023-12-13|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.013.0239|doi-broken-date=1 July 2025|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jooɗnde haa lesdi [[Lagos]] hokki mo jannguki ɗemngal [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], nden wakkati o ɗonno haa janngirde mawnde, o anndi finaa-tawaa [[Naajeeriya]] feere-feere, nden o wolwi ɗemɗe tati mawɗe [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Aguolu|first1=C. C.|last2=Aguolu|first2=L. E.|date=1997|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, First President of Nigeria: A Force in Library Development in Nigeria|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199|journal=World Libraries|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|issn=2155-7896}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe ina yahra no feewi. O ummii ko [[Amerik]] ɗo o inniraa '''Ben Azikiwe''', o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard. O jokkondiri e laamuuji koloñaal e ɗaɓɓaande ngam wallitde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e nder Olimpiyaaji Los Angeles 1932 nde tawnoo ko kanko kadi woni atletee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/03086539908583061|title='Managing nationalism': The colonial office and Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1932–43|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=143–158|year=1999|last=Flint|first=John E.}}&lt;/ref&gt; O arti [[Afrik]] ko e hitaande 1934, o fuɗɗii golle jaayndiyankaagal to Cote d’Or ([[Gana]] hannde oo). E nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange Biritaan, Azikiwe ina daranii wonde daraniiɗo politik e jaayndiyanke, ngam ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e [[Afrik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Azikiwe fights for Africa|date=7 January 1950|work=New York Amsterdam News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol==
'''Sukaaɓe''' : '''jaŋde e mbaydi ƴeew tiitoonde'''

Kartal pelle ɗemɗe [[Naajeeriya]]: Azikiwe jibinaa ko e diiwaan Fuɗnaange e nder leydi ndi. Leydi taaniraaɓe makko, [[Onitsha]], woni ko e bannge Fuɗnaange-rewo ngenndi ndii.)

Azikiwe jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1904 to [[Zungeru]], to Fuɗnaange Nijeer. Innde makko adannde, &quot;Nnamdi&quot;, nde jibnaaɓe makko ndokki mo ko innde [[Igbo Eze South|Igbo]] nde firti ko &quot;baaba am ina wuuri&quot;. Baaba makko, Obed-Edom Chukwuemeka Azikiwe, jeyaaɗo to [[Onitsha]], ko o binndoowo e nder laamu Angalteer to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Thomas A. Johnson|date=1972-09-14|title=Nigerian Urges Uses of the Past|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/09/14/archives/nigerian-urges-uses-of-the-past-says-colonialism-left-some-things.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yumma makko Rachel Chinwe Ogbenyeanu Azikiwe (jibinaa ko Aghadiuno), mo sahaa e sahaa fof ina wiyee « Nwanonaku »&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: My Odyssey|chapter=I: My Genealogy and Nativity|publisher=Spectrum Books|date=1970|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of NNamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-06|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ko ɓiɗɗo debbo tataɓo Aghadiuno Ajie&lt;ref name=&quot;PT&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;, iwdi galle laamɗo to Onitsha; mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Ugogwu Anazenwu, ko Obi [[Onitsha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;PT2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ina joginoo miñi mum gooto, miñi mum debbo, ina wiyee Cecilia Eziamaka Arinze.&lt;ref name=&quot;PT3&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nde o woni suka, Azikiwe ina haalda ɗemngal [[Hausa language|Hausa]], ɗemngal diiwaan oo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, first president of Nigeria: A force in Library development in Nigeria.|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199/154|last=Aguolu and Aguolu|first=C.C and L.E|date=1997|journal=World Libraries|volume=7|issue=2|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaba makko, ina wondi e sunaare e 6icfcfo makko e 6amtaare [[Hausa language|Hausa]] wonaa [[Igbo]], neli mo to [[Onitsha]] e hitaande 1912 ngam hocfde e neene makko e neene makko ngam janngude 6emngal e pinal [[Igbo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Oha&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Oha|first1=Obododimma|title=Heroes of knowledge versus dragons of ignorance: language, identity construction, and intertextuality in Nnamdi Azikiwe's &quot;My Odyssey&quot;|url=http://motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/MP2303oo.html|website=motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/|access-date=8 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; To [[Onitsha]], Azikiwe janngi Duɗal Trinity Seniiɗo (duɗal misiyoŋaaji katolik en) e Duɗal Eklesiya Almasiihu (duɗal leslesal Angalteer).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concodiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (2)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concodiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-2/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2016-12-14|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1914, nde baaba makko ina gollina to Lagos, Azikiwe yani e puccu ; ɗum addani baaba makko kulɓiniiɗo neldude mo to [[Lagos]], mbele omo sella, omo jokka jaŋde e nder wuro ngo.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Ndeen o naati duɗal sukaaɓe Wesleyan, anndiraangal hannde duɗal sukaaɓe ''Methodist'', [[Lagos]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=history – MGHS|url=https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004232208/https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaba makko neldaama [[Kaduna]] duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Azikiwe jooɗii seeɗa e banndiiko gooto resnduɗo juulɗo ummoriiɗo [[Siyeraa Leyoon]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1918, o arti [[Onitsha]], o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal hakkundeewal CMS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-05-09|title=Benjamin Nnamdi &quot;Zik&quot; Azikiwe (1904–1996)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/azikiwe-benjamin-nnamdi-zik-1904-1996/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ndeen golliima e duɗal ngal ko almuudo-jannginoowo,{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} ina wallita yumma mum e ngalu mum.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1920, baaba makko artiraa to Protectorat Sud Nigeria, to wuro [[Calabar]]. Azikiwe hawri e baaba mum to [[Calabar]], o fuɗɗii jaŋde toownde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; O naati e janngirɗe Marcus Garvey,&lt;ref name=&quot;Timesdigit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|work=The Times|location=London, England|date=14 May 1996|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garveyism, ɗe ngonti huunde himmunde e haala makko ngenndiyaŋkaagal.
[[File:Azikiwe with parents.png|thumb|Azikiwe e jibnaaɓe mum, c. Kitaale 1910]]
Caggal nde o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell,&lt;ref name=&quot;Yearbook1962&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Nigeria Year Book 1962|publisher=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|year=1962|pages=112}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe artiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Methodist, to [[Lagos]], o seerti e wondiiɓe makko ummoriiɓe e galleeji ɓooyɗi Lagos ko wayi no George Shyngle, Francis Cole e Ade Williams (ɓiy [[Akarigbo mo Remo|Akarigbo Remo]]). Ɗee jokkondiral naftorii caggal ɗuum e golle makko politik to [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley ''Boys'' o ɓuri waawde jaŋde makko, o rokki deftere ina wiyee « gila e Log Cabin haa e galle ''White House'' », ko ɗum woni nguurndam [[James A. Garfield]], gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi [[Amerik]], umminooɗo e huɗo haa e moƴƴere. Deftere ndee ina addana mo pellital heɓde nafoore e nguurndam. Azikiwe nanii yeewtere [[James Aggrey]], jannginoowo mo miijii wonde Afriknaaɓe ina poti heɓde jaŋde kolees caggal leydi, ɓe ngarta e waɗde waylo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Esele, Amos|date=21 November 1994|title=Ninety hearty cheers!|work=The Week|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde yeewtere ndee joofi, Aggrey rokki suka Azikiwe doggol duɗe jaɓɓotooɗe almudɓe ɓaleeɓe to [[Amerik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}}

Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri golle koloñaal, o jaɓaa wonde binndoowo to departemaa kaalis. Wakkati maako nder kuugal koloñaal, holli mo limngal njiyaagu nder laamu koloñaal.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=69}} Suɓaade Azikiwe janngude to Amerik e nokku Angalteer, ko batte Doktoor James Kwegyr Aggrey, nguurndam hooreejo leydi A. Garfield e Abraham Lincoln, Pan-Afriknism Marcus Garvey e woodgol ballal wonande almudɓe waasɓe, tawi alaa ko heɓaa e Angalteer. E pellital yahde caggal leydi ngam ɓeydaade jaŋde, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to U.S. O jaɓaa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer College, tawi ko e dow ballal makko e yiytude laawol feewde [[Amerik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Commencement address at Storer delivered by African alumnus|date=14 June 1947|work=New Journal and Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngam yettaade [[Amerik]], o jokkondiri e laana ndiwoowa, o waɗi e makko nanondiral ngam wonde stowaway.&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono gooto e sehilaaɓe makko wonnooɓe e laana kaa rafi, ɓe wasiyii yo ɓe njippo e Sekondi. To leydi [[Gana]], Azikiwe golliima ko polis ; yumma makko yilliima, o wiyi mo yo o hoot leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. O arti, baaba makko jaɓi wallitde mo yahde [[Amerik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Heroes of the Past – Nnamdi Azikiwe – Everything But Coffee|url=https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805024303/https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harpers Ferry, to Virginie worgo. Ngam yoɓde nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko, o golliima golle keewɗe ɗe ngalaa nafoore hade makko winnditaade to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard to Washington, D.C. e hitaande 1927 ngam heɓde dipolomaaji makko e ganndal politik. E hitaande 1929, o ummii duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard o fayi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln ngam timminde jaŋde makko leslesre, o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko BA e ganndal politik e hitaande 1930.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crisis-Jan1966&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OnlineNigeria&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/people/ad.asp?blurb=66|title=Biography of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|access-date=2007-09-05|work=[www.onlinenigeria.com]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikwe ƴettii kursuuji e Alain Locke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Getachew|first=Adom|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv3znwvg|title=Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination|date=2019|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-17915-5|pages=7|doi=10.2307/j.ctv3znwvg|jstor=j.ctv3znwvg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe wonnoo ko tergal e fedde nde.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Politics and Leadership|url=http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502181928/http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2007|website=Phi Beta Sigma|access-date=7 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndeen o naatii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln to Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e sahaa gooto e hitaande 1930, o heɓi dipoloma makko ko fayti e diine e filosofi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e hitaande 1932, o heɓi kadi dipoloma makko ko fayti e anthropologie to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e hitaande 1933&lt;ref name=&quot;UPenn&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|title=Alumni, Faculty, and Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania Who Have Served as Heads of State or Government|access-date=2007-09-05|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania|University Archives and Records Center University of Pennsylvania]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205032053/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|archive-date=5 February 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/zik.asp|title=Nigeria – Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|website=www.onlinenigeria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Azikiwe wonti jannginoowo dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, ɗo o sosi janngirde daartol [[Afrik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=41}} O woniino kanndidaa ngam heɓde dipolomaaji doktoraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] hade makko hootde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e hitaande 1934.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Azikiwe May Accept Position in Liberia|date=21 July 1934|work=The New York Amsterdam News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wiɗtooji doktoraa Azikiwe ɗii ɓuri teeŋtude ko e Liberiya e nder politik winndere, e binndol makko ngol A. H. Stockwell yaltini e hitaande 1934. E nder sahaa mo o woni to [[Amerik]], o woniino winndiyanke to jaaynde Afro-Ameriknaare Baltimore, to Philadelphia Tribune e to jaaynde Associated Negro Press.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ina joginoo miijooji jaayndeeji [[Afrik]]-[[Amerik]], Garveyism e Pan-Afriknaaɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Feddeeji e renndooji ===
Fedde sukaaɓe worɓe kerecee en, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27)

Cub hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928)

Fedde binndol Stylus to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1923)

Fedde hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] (1930-32)

Fedde nguurndam, Duɗal Anthropoloji Laamu (1933)

Fedde nguurndam, fedde faggudu laamɗo (1934)

Tergal nguurndam, Fedde Angalteer ngam ɓamtaare ganndal (1947)

Fedde Ameriknaare ngam sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele (1933–34)

Fedde Annduɓe Anthropoloji Amerka (1932-1934)

Fedde ganndal siyaas Amerik (1933-34)

Fedde Annduɓe Leƴƴi Amerka (1933-34)

Koolol ganndal siwil to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1934)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anike|url=http://repository.unizik.edu.ng/bitstream/123456789/429/1/master%2C%2BAnike.pdf|website=repository.unizik.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Azikiwe playing American Football, Storer College, 1926.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe ina fija fuku [[Amerik]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926)]]

== Golle atletik ==
E fuɗɗoode golle makko, Azikiwe ina yahra e boks, atletik, njulaagu, fuku koyɗe e tennis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crisis-Jan19662&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Football ko Biritaan en ngaddi ɗum e leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] nde ɓe koloni [[Afrik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://nnu.ng/post/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|website=Nigeria News Update.|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono kala ligues sosaaɗe, ko ɗe ceerndaaɗe. Nnamdi yi'i ɗum bana tooñannge nden o wurti bee hooreejo to bannge fijirle jokkirgol e siyaasaaku haa timmoode jamaanu koloñaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sports and the Modernity of Leisure in Nigeria: Stadium Space and the Symbolisms of Expressions, 1930–1980|url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/61376/OBASA-DISSERTATION-2015.pdf?sequence=1|last=Olusegun|first=Obasa|date=2015|website=repositories.lib.utexas.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1934, Zik haɗaama tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu leydi Nijeer jaɓaaka tawtoreede. Ɗum waɗii sahaa goɗɗo sabu iwdi makko Igbo, Zik fellitii wonde ina heddi, o yiɗi sosde fedde makko. Nnamdi sosi fedde Zik's ''Athletic Club'' (ZAC) nde udditanta dame mum ngam fijirde worɓe e rewɓe kala leƴƴi, leƴƴi, leƴƴi, e kala fannuuji leydi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nationalist Period|url=http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|website=Sports and Politics in British West/Central Africa|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805025704/http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1942, fedde nde yahi haa heɓi Ligue [[Lagos]] e Kop ''Memorial War''. Caggal ɗeen nafooje, Nnamdi udditi caɗeele ZAC goɗɗe e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] fof. E nder duuɓi wolde ZAC ina yaha njilluuji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe Facts|url=https://biography.yourdictionary.com/nnamdi-azikiwe|website=biography.yourdictionary.com|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Matchs'' ZAC ɗon waɗa nder lesdi ndi'i fuu, nden ɗum waɗi yimɓe [[Naajeeriya]] ɗon mari haaje kawtal e lesdi ndi'i ngam wallugo ɓe haɓugo ndimu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Establishment and the Achievements of the National Sports Commission in Nigeria|url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=osu1487093435463141&amp;disposition=inline|last=Abioye|first=Joseph Adegboyega|date=1980|website=etd.ohiolink.edu}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1949, won e fukuyaŋkooɓe ZAC tawtoraama njillu to Angalteer. E gartugol maɓɓe e njillu ngu ɓe njooɗii to Freetown, Siyeraa Leyoon, e leydi Najeriya fooli yimɓe nokku oo e golle 2. Ndee nasaraaku ko ɓuri duuɓi sappo ko adii jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya]], kono ko nde jibinannde kippu ngenndiijo leydi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigerians Love For Football; is it too much?|url=https://soccernet.ng/2015/03/nigerians-love-for-football-is-it-too.html|date=2015-03-23|website=Soccernet.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E joofnirde, caggal duuɓi hare, e hitaande 1959, jaagorde Angalteer cakkitiinde yalti NFA, ñalnde 22 ut 1960, jonte seeɗa ko adii jeytaare mum, [[Naajeeriya]] naati e fedde fuku koyɗe winndereere wiyeteende FIFA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pictures &amp; Documents: FIFA at 114, How Nigeria Became a Member|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|date=2018-05-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175655/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;Hay heen gootal waawaano wonde so wonaano Nnamdi Azikiwe. O hawti [[Naajeeriya]] bee fijirde nden o waddi hakkilo lesdi ndi'i wi'eteeɗum 'Nigerian-ness'.

=== Jaambaraagal dingiral ===
Sosɗo, ZiKs ''Athletic Club'' (e MRB. Oltun) ngam ɓamtugo fijooji, boksi, kirikit, njuulu e tennis nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]].

Gooliiɗo e yeeso, duɗal sukaaɓe metodist, [[Lagos]] (1921)

Jaagorgal, Diwgol toowngol, M.B.H.S, e Jaagorgal, Ñalngu Laamu (1921)

Jaagorɗo, tedduɗo, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27)

Jaagorgal &amp; Medaal kaŋŋe, Diwgol toowngol, Pijirlooji hakkunde duɗe HU (1926);

Medaal kaŋŋe, doggol leydi, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, e diwgol toowngol, kawgel kaalis to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926)

Medaal, Pentatlon, kawgel kolees Storer (1925)

Kapiteen, fedde janngirde Storer (1927)

Medaal kaŋŋe, taƴoowo leydi, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1921)

Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, maraton Laurel-Baltimore (1927)

Jaagorɗo, dogdu ɓaleeru, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928)

Kapiteen gooto, fedde fuku koyɗe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1930)

Doggol kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel ɗiɗmel hakkunde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cheyney (1930)

Medaal kaalis, doggudu kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel hakkunde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hampton Virginia (1931)

Jaaliiɗo toɓɓere, dogdu Baltimore (1929, 1930)

Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, dogdu Richmond (1931)

Toɓɓere Dowla, A.A.U. Kaɓirɗe hakkunde leyɗeele (1932)

Medaal kaŋŋe, dogdu 1 000 yard, Pijirlooji Kaledoni to Brooklyn, New York (1932)

Medaal kaŋŋe, Doggol Kilomeeteer gooto, e Doggol Kilomeeteer tati, Y MC.A. Pijirlooji, New York (1932)

Koppi kaalis, dogdu feccere kiloomeeteer, e keɓɗo kopporeeje kaalis e nder dogdu kiloomeeteer gooto, kawgel ñalngu ladde Demokaraasi, New Haven, Connecticut (1933)

Ɗiɗaɓo (e G.K Dorgu), kawgel tennis worɓe ɗiɗo Lagos, diɗɗal B (1938)

Nafooje (gorko Anchor), Kippu ZAC e nder kawgel njulaagu [[Lagos]] (1939)

Nasti ngam daranaago lesdi Naajeeriya nder fijirde Half-Mile e One Mile Run nder fijirde laamu lesdi Biritaniya nder hitaande 1934, ammaa A.A.A lesdi Biritaniya sali mo ngam 'daliilu karallaaku'. (Ngolɗoo jaɓgol addani mo winndude ɓataake lolluɗo, o woppi innde makko e ɗemngal Engele, hono Benjamin)

=== Tergal ===
Fedde fuku koyɗe Diamant (1922-24)

Fedde fijooji Merkiir to New York (1932-34)

Kaɓirgal tennis to Akra (1935-1937)

Patron, fedde fijirde Zik (gila 1956)

Hooreejo, Fedde Kirikit [[Naajeeriya]] (1940–44)

Hooreejo, Fedde Njulaagu [[Naajeeriya]] (1938–41)

Cukko hooreejo, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e boksi leydi Nijeer (gila 1949)

Hooreejo fedde fuku koyɗe diiwaan [[Lagos]] (1951-1954)

Hooreejo, Fedde Fijooji Amateur [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1952)

Hooreejo, Fedde ''Tennis'' Tabal [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1953)

Cukko Patron e tergal Goomu, Goomu Olimpiyaade Nijeer, e Fedde Pijirlooji Laamu Biritaan e ''Commonwealth'' (gila 1951)

&lt;ref&gt;Alegi, Peter (2010). African Soccerscapes: How a Continent Changed the World's Game. Ohio University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-89680-278-0}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ​&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Before Joining FIFA and CAF; Nigeria FA was Affiliated to the FA in England|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|date=2018-08-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804235509/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/nnamdi-azikiwe/|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: How do We Remember Nigeria's First President? – HistoryVille|date=16 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle binndol ==

=== Jaaynde jaayndeyaagal e tafngo ===
Rewɓe ɓee ndaranii yoɓde njoɓdi Angalteer e hitaande 1929, ko ɗum seedtini warngooji keewɗi e nder Opobo, tawi ko soldateeɓe Angalteer ardii ɗum en e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange. Azikiwe, nde nani kewu nguu, winndi winndannde ñaawoore tiitoonde mum ko ‘Warde rewɓe e nder leydi Nijeer’, nde o woni e janngude haa jooni to Amerik e hitaande 1930, e ɓataake mo o winndi e oon sahaa, daraniiɗo hakkeeji siwil ''Pan''-[[Afrik]], hono W. E. B. Du Bois. Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Azikiwe winndi deftere makko adannde wiyeteende ‘Liberia e nder politik winndere’ e hitaande 1931.

Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiriino wonde jaagorgal caggal leydi to leydi Liberiya, kono o saliima sabu o wonaa jeyaaɗo e leydi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist|work=The Journalist|url=https://www.thejournalist.org.za/pioneers/nnamdi-azikiwe-african-philosopher-scholar-and-eminent-journalist|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1934, nde Azikiwe warti [[Lagos]], o anndaa no feewi, o yi’aama no neɗɗo tedduɗo e won e renndo [[Lagos]] e [[Igbo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://www.ekwendigbo.com/index.php/en/profiles/blessed-memories/83-nnamdi-azikiwe|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805055431/http://www.ekwendigbo.com/index.php/en/profiles/blessed-memories/83-nnamdi-azikiwe|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 August 2020|website=www.ekwendigbo.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; O jaɓɓaama e juuɗe yimɓe seeɗa, kolliri binndi makko to [[Amerik]] ina laaɓi ina njottii [[Naajeeriya]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=38}} To leydi Nijeer, faandaare Azikiwe adannde ko heɓde darnde fotnde e jaŋde makko ; caggal ɗaɓɓaande keewnde nde o heɓaani (ina heen ngam heɓde posto janngingol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'', [[Lagos]]), o jaɓi ɗaɓɓaande jom jawdi en [[Gana|Ganaa]] biyeteeɗo Alfred Ocansey ngam wonde gardiiɗo sosɗo jaaynde wiyeteende ''African Morning Post'', jaaynde hesere ñalnde kala to [[Accra]], [[Gana|Ganaa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-01-07|title=Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://thenigerianhistory.wordpress.com/dr-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|website=our history|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; O rokkaama junngo ngam dogginde jaaynde ndee, o ƴetti gollotooɓe mum heewɓe e asliiji ɗii.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Azikiwe winndi &quot;''The Inside Stuff by'' Zik&quot;, deftere nde o winndi e nder mum ko fayti e ngenndiyaŋkaagal radikal e manngu ɓaleejo, ko ɗum addani won e kulhuli e nder dingiral koloñaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African graduate of Lincoln creates stir in his native land|date=22 August 1936|work=New Journal and Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko o editor, o ƴelliti ajendaaji ngenndiyaŋkooɓe daraniiɓe [[Afrik]].&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuri Smertin siftinii binndol makko ngol ko, &quot;binndanɗe cemmbinɗe e haalaaji renndo ɗi cemmbini njuɓɓudi koloñaal gonndi ndii : keeri hakke Afriknaaɓe hollirde miijooji mum en, e njiyaagu njiyaagu&quot;. Yuri kadi ñiŋii ɓeen Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e ‘elite’ renndo koloñaal, yiɗɓe jogaade njuɓɓudi gonndi ndii, nde tawnoo ɓe njiyri ɗum ko « tuugnorgal wellitaare maɓɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://thenigerianhistory.wordpress.com/dr-nnamdi-azikiwe/|date=2013-01-07|website=our history|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nder dumunna mo Azikiwe woni e Accra, o yahri yeeso e filosof makko [[Afrik]] keso mo o ƴeewti caggal ɗuum e nder deftere makko, [[Afrik]] Renas50&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Long awaited Zik's Day preps in Anambra|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/11/14/long-awaited-ziks-day-preps-in-anambra/|date=2019-11-14|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E nder miijo filosof, Azikiwe wiyi wonde « ko leydi ɗo Afriknaaɓe ceertata e leƴƴi e laamuuji gaadanteeji, mbaylee e kuule filosof joy : ballondiral ruuhu, ƴellitaare renndo, pellital faggudu, ndimaagu hakkille e ngenndiyaŋkaagal risorgimento ». Azikiwe ronkaani politik Gold Coast, kadi jaaynde ndee ina wallita lannda Mambii nokku oo.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=41}} ''The Post'', jaaynde nokkuure ndee yaltinii winndannde ñalnde 15 mee 1936, &quot;Mbele Afriknaajo ina jogii Alla?&quot; ko [[I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson]], e Azikiwe (hono winndiyanke) ñaawaama sabu fitinaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; O fuɗɗii ko ñaaweede, o ñaawaa lebbi jeegom kasoo. E dow fenaande makko, Zik hollitii, &quot;so tawii ko mi kuutorgal daɗndo ngal imperiyaalisma e nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange foti luulndaade e liɓde, kadi so tawii e nder ndeeɗoo njillu miɗo foti yoɓde njoɓdi ɓurndi toowde, ndeen alaa ko haani mi diwde walla mi diwta. Miɗo wondi e hoolaare ñalnde kala wonde the ''New'' restinality ina waawi wonde les [[Afrik]] keso oo stem it. Hay maayde am waawaa jokkude kristal mum.&quot; Caggal ɗuum o woppitaa e Ñaawirde Toownde [[Afrik]] Hirnaange.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe and the vision of a united Africa|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/magazine/politicalreforms/Nnamdi-Azikiwe-and-the-vision-of-a-united-Africa/1843776-5116596-15o8e3tz/index.html|website=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Nnamdi Azikiwe in Office, 1937.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe e nder biro mum, hitaande 1937]]
Azikiwe warti [[Lagos]] nder hitaande 1937, o sosi jaaynde wiyeteende ''West African Pilot'', jaaynde nde o huutortoo ngam ɓamtude ngenndiyaŋkaagal e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], fedde Zik ''Group'' sosi jaayndeeji jowitiiɗi e toɓɓe politik e faggudu e nder gure teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndii fof.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Uche|first1=Luke Uka|title=Mass Media, People, and Politics in Nigeria|date=1989|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaaynde ɓurnde mawnude e fedde ndee ko ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo, nde huutorii ko konngol [[Dante Alighieri]] « Hollit annoore, yimɓe ɓee keɓata laawol » ngam waɗde heen konngol mum. Binndanɗe goɗɗe ko ''Defender'' [[Naajeeriya]] Fombinaari ummoriiɗo Warri (caggal mum [[Ibadan]]), Gardiiɗo Fuɗnaange (sosaaɗo e hitaande 1940, yaltinaa to Port Harcourt), e Kaaloowo [[Naajeeriya]] to [[Onitsha]].{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=204}} Ko e hitaande 1944, fedde ndee heɓti deftere [[Dusé Mohamed Ali]] wiyeteende La Comète. Jaaynde Azikiwe ko njulaagu, kadi ko kuutorgal ngam politik e wallitde.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=195}} ''Pilot'' oo ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e yeeyde ko ɓuri heewde ko e ''circulation'', ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu firms expatriés ɓuri waawde faggudu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=199}} Jaayɗe Azikiwe keewɗe teeŋtinii sensationalisme e daartol nafoore aadee ; ''the Pilot'' nastini yewtere fijirle e ta'irde rewɓe, ɓesdi yewtere dow kuuɗe [[Naajeeriya]] to ɗum hawti bee limngal limngal limngal limngal limngal ''Daily Times'' (ngal teddini limngal limngal yimɓe lesdi feere e limngal lesdi feere).{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=200}} Doggol Pilot gadanol ngol ko 6 000 ekkol ñalawma kala ; e tolno mum ɓurɗo mawnude e hitaande 1950, nde ina yaltina ko ina tolnoo e 20 000 ekkol.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=203}} Azikiwe sosi gollorɗe njulaagu goɗɗe (hono Banke Kontinental [[Afrik]] e Restoran Penny) e oon sahaa, o huutorii jaayɗe makko ngam yeeyde ɗe.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=42}}

Ko adii wolde adunaare ɗimmere, ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-11-29|title=The Sage and his Jewel: A society wedding in Ikenne Remo, By Tayo Agunbiade|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/568055-the-sage-and-his-jewel-a-society-wedding-in-ikenne-remo-by-tayo-agunbiade.html|access-date=2022-12-26|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; yiytaa ko no kaayitaaji etaade mahde tuugnorgal cirkulaasiyoŋ wonaa radikal peeñɗo. Editorialji ɓataake oo e yeewtere politik ndee ina teeŋtini tooñanngeeji baɗeteeɗi e [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]], e ñiŋde njuɓɓudi koloñaal e ballal miijooji eliteeji jannguɓe to [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=42}} Kono, e hitaande 1940, waylo-waylo seeɗa-seeɗa waɗi. No o waɗiri e jaaynde ''African Morning Post'' nii, Azikiwe fuɗɗii winndude lowre wiyeteende &quot;''Inside Stuff''&quot;, nde o etotoo sahaa e sahaa fof ƴellitde hakkillaaji politik.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=221}}Editorialuuji jaaynde ndee ina noddi jeytaare [[Afrik]], haa teeŋti noon caggal nde dille jeytaare Inndo ummii.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=221}} Hay so tawii kaayitaaji ɗii ina mballita Angalteer e nder wolde nde, ɗi ñiŋii peeje ustude ngalu ko wayi no ƴellitde cogguuli e ustude njoɓdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;lifeandtimesnews.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-4/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Sun News|date=2017|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1943, Diiso Angalteer (Conseil britannique) wallitii rewooɓe [[Afrik]] worgo 8 (ina heen Azikiwe), kanko e rewooɓe 6 woɗɓe ɓe kuutoriima fartaŋŋe ngam humpitaade jeytaare politik potnde waɗeede. Jaayndiyankooɓe ɓee ciifi ɓataake ngam ɗaɓɓude peeje moƴƴe renndo-politik seeɗa-seeɗa, tawa ina jeyaa heen ittugol njuɓɓudi koloñaal korona, wakilaagu diiwaanuuji e jeytaare koloñaaluuji [[Afrik]] hirnaange Angalteer e hitaande 1958 walla 1960.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=220}} ''Memorandum'' oo, biro koloñaal oo yejjiti ɗum, ɗum ɓeydi fitinaaji Azikiwe.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=233}}

Omo jogii nafoore mawnde e jaayɗe ko ina tolnoo e 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] njiylotoo. Binndanɗe Azikiwe ko faati e ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Afrik]], mawnikinaare ɓaleeɓe e doole mum en, njibinii politikaaji koloñaal en heewɓe, naftorii [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] heewɓe ŋakkiraaɓe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|website=DREAM WORLD PIONEERS VENTURES|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804162946/http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaayɗe Fuɗnaange [[Afrik]] ina keewi yaltude e ɗemngal [[Suwahili]], so wonaa jaayɗe kabaruuji ko wayi ''no East African Standard''. Azikiwe wayliima no feewi e nder jaayɗe [[Afrik]] worgo, hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore. E hitaande 1950, jaayɗe joy ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe [[Afrik]] toppitii e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange (ina heen jaaynde Nigerian Daily Times) ɓuri ''Pilot'' yeeyde. Ñalnde 8 [[lewru]] juko hitaande 1945, laamu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] haɗi Azikiwe ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] hirnaange e ''Daily Comet'' ngam hollirde ko boni e humpitooji ko faati e seppo mawngo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist|work=The Journalist|url=https://www.thejournalist.org.za/pioneers/nnamdi-azikiwe-african-philosopher-scholar-and-eminent-journalist|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe hay so jaɓii ɗum, o jokki e yaltinde binndanɗe ko faati e seppo ngoo e nder jaaynde wiyeteende ''Guardian'' (jaaynde makko Port Harcourt). O ardii seppo mawngo e hitaande 1945, o woni hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] fuɗnaange gila 1954 haa 1959.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi {{!}} Infoplease|url=https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/asia-africa/african-bios/azikiwe-benjamin-nnamdi|website=www.infoplease.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kitaale 1960, caggal jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ''Pilot'' ngenndiijo [[Afrik]] hirnaange ina teskaa e fuɗnaange. Azikiwe ƴettii faandaare teeŋtunde e pelle politik ɗe njiɗnoo ko ittude. O ñiŋaama e fedde [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] en sabu huutoraade jaaynde makko ngam haɗde luulndaade miijooji makko. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde The New York Times wiyi wonde o &quot;toowiima e geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder [[Afrik]], o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teskeede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Times&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=French|first1=Howard W.|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=8 November 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=14 May 1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Azikiwe and Zungur in London 1949.png|thumb|Azikiwe e [[Sa'adu Zungur]] to Londres (1949)]]

== Azikiwe olle politik ==
wonti golloowo e nder fedde sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]] (NYM), fedde ngenndiyaŋkoore arandeere e nder leydi ndi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-05-03|title=The Nigerian Youth Movement (1934–1951)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/nigerian-youth-movement-1934-1951/|access-date=2022-12-26|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so tawii o walliino [[Samuel Akisanya]] ngam wonde kanndidaa NYM ngam heɓde jooɗorde wootere e nder Diiso sarɗiiji e hitaande 1941, tawi diiso doosɗe suɓiima [[Ernest Ikoli]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Sklar 2004 53–54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=53–54|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe wurtini NYM, o tuumi ardungal ɓurngal ɗuuɗugo nder Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama yimɓe Ijebu-Yoruba'en e Igbo'en. Won e terɗe Ijebu ndewi e makko, pecci dille ɗee e laabi leƴƴi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sklar 2004 53–542&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=53–54|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; O naati nder siyaasaaku, o sosi kawtal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e lesdi [[Kamerun|Kameruun]] (NCNC) bee [[Herbert Macaulay]] nder hitaande 1944. Azikiwe laati hooreejo kawtal ngal nder hitaande 1946. NCNC hawti bee lanndaaji lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], kawtal fina-tawaa, e kawtal kuugal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], Kawtal Rewbe Demokaraasi [[Naajeeriya]] ekn lannda woni lannda siyaasa tataɓal sosaangal nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]] ɓaawo lannda ''Democratic National'' [[Naajeeriya]] (kañum ne sosi ɗum [[Herbert Macaulay]]), e Mouvement Sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]]. Terɗe lannda kaa teeŋtuɗe ina njeyaa heen; [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti|Fumilayo Ransome-Kuti]], [[M.I.Okpara]], J.O. Fadahunsi, [[Eyo Ita]], [[Margaret Ekpo]], [[Raymond Njoku]], F.S. McEwen, [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]],[[Timote Paul Birabi]], A.K. Blankson, [[Dennis Osadebay|Denis Osadebay]], e [[TOS Benson]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=57–58|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tuumeede fedde ===
Sabu ballal Azikiwe e seppo mawngo e [[lewru]] suwee 1945 e njanguuji makko e laamu koloñaal, bayyinaango ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] hirnaange dartinaama ñalnde 8 sulyee ndeen hitaande.&lt;ref name=&quot;DR. BENJAMIN NNAMDI AZIKIWE&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://ilanssenyange.wixsite.com/ilannews/single-post/2017/11/10/DR-BENJAMIN-NNAMDI-AZIKIWE|website=ilannews|date=10 November 2017|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; O yetti liggotooɓe seppooɓe ɓee e hooreejo maɓɓe, [[Michael Imoudu]], o tuumi laamu koloñaal ina huutoroo liggotooɓe.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} E [[lewru]] ut, jaaynde ndee jaɓaama fuɗɗaade yaltude.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=255}} E nder seppo ngo, Azikiwe ummini alarm ko faati e peeje warngooji ɗi yimɓe ɓe nganndaaka, gollotooɓe e innde laamu koloñaal.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} Daartol makko e tuumeede ko mesaas wireless mo jaayndiyanke ''Pilot'' nanngi.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=200}} Caggal nde o heɓi mesaas mo o taƴi oo, Azikiwe naati suuɗde to [[Onitsha]]. ''Pilot'' yaltinii binndanɗe yurmeende e sahaa nde o alaa, kadi Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe ina ngoongɗini daartol warngo ngoo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-11-16|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: A True National Hero|url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/nnamdi-azikiwe-a-true-national-hero/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-09-11|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nwafor|first=Emmanuel Mordi|date=2018|title=The role of the press in the democratic process: The example of Nigeria's First Republic, 1960–1966|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328234488|journal=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lowre Azikiwe, e cirƴam jaayndeeji makko, ɓeydii e ooɗoo sahaa. Tuume ɗee ina cikki won e Naajeeriyankooɓe, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o waɗi ɗe ngam ɓamtude darnde makko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nwafor|first=Emmanuel Mordi|date=2018|title=The role of the press in the democratic process: The example of Nigeria's First Republic, 1960–1966|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328234488|journal=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sikke alaa ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko politikaaji Yoruba en ummoriiɓe e fedde sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]], ko ɗum waɗi luural hakkunde pelle ɗee e hare jaayndeeji hakkunde ''Pilot'' Azikiwe e ''Daily Service NYM.''
[[File:Members of Zikist Movement.jpg|thumb|Terɗe fedde Zikist en]]

=== Diɗɗal Zikist en ===
Sukaaɓe ɓee kawri ngam haɓaade laamu koloñaal Angalteer. Gooto e fedde sukaaɓe hono ndee ko Zikist en. Diɗɗal sukaaɓe ngal alaa ko bonnata – e gardagol Kolawole Balogun, [[Raji Abdallah]], [[Osita Agwuna]], [[M. C. K. Ajuluchukwu]] e Abiodun Aloba – sosaa ko e hitaande 1946 ngam daranaade nguurndam Azikiwe e miijooji mum laamu hoore mum.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-06-14|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=262}}Kola Balogun woni hooreejo gadano dillere Zikist en. E lewru feebariyee 1946, Balogun neldi noddaango fotde sukaaɓe 20 to [[Lagos]], ngam naamnaade miijo maɓɓe e geɗe ngenndiije. E nder capanɗe ɗiɗi ɗee, sappo e ɗiɗo njaabiima, ɗum addani sosde Diɗɗal Zikist, nde tawnoo ɓeen worɓe ngontii terɗe sosɗe maggal. [[Nwafor Orizu]] sinci helmere 'Zikism' diga Azikiwe nde laati innde diina man.&lt;ref name=&quot;Olusanya-1966&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Olusanya|first=G. O.|date=November 1966|title=The Zikist Movement—a Study in Political Radicalism, 1946–50|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-modern-african-studies/article/abs/zikist-movementa-study-in-political-radicalism-194650/827C21945CCED6CADD67EE7FDB230159|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|language=en|volume=4|issue=3|pages=323–333|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00013501|issn=1469-7777|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; O wonaa tergal e dillere nde kono ko o sehil ɓadiiɗo e jiɗɗo Azikiwe, kadi omo jeyaa e sukaaɓe heewɓe ɓe Azikiwe doolni ngam janngude to [[Amerik]], e sara [[Eyo Ita]] e [[K. O. Mbadiwe|KO Mbadiwe]]. [[Raji Abdallah]] wonti hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo fedde Zikist, caggal nde Balogun ummii [[Londres]], o golliima gila 1948 haa 1949. O waɗii nafoore mawnde e heɓde ballal to bannge worgo e jeyeede e fedde nde. Abdallah e Osita Agwuna (jaagorde makko) ko ɓooyaani koo mbaɗi fedde wiyeteende “Anti-''Colour Bar'' Mouvement” (ACBM) to [[Kano]], fedde nde ina luulndii njiyaagu seerndude ɓaleeɓe e ɓaleeɓe e nder leydi Nijeer. ACBM caggal mum fusi e nder fedde Zikist ɓurnde mawnude.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iweriebor-1993&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Iweriebor|first=Ehiedu Emmanuel Goodluck|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cu3-twEACAAJ|title=Radical Nationalism in Nigeria: The Zikist Movement and the Struggle for Liberation, 1945-1950|date=1993|publisher=U.M.I.|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; No Balogun nii, e hitaande 1948, Abdallah riiwaa e golle mum e nder sarwiis jaayndeeji Kano, sarwiis jaayndeeji rajooji. Ko riiwtude mo addani mo ɓeydaade jokkondirde e Mouvement Zikist. O riiwaa sabu naatgol makko e dillere Zikist ina sikkaa ko politik ɓurɗo laaɓtude wonande golloowo laamu.

Abdallah ñaawaa caggal mum ñalnde 7 noowammbar 1948 to Ñaawirde Toownde [[Lagos]], ɗo o waɗi konngol, o wiyi nii, &quot;Ɗum ko ñalawma teeŋtuɗo no feewi. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude, ma a taw e nder daartol leydi men. Miɗo noddira ɗum ko ɓuri teeŋtude sabu ko hannde pot-ɗen fellitde, mbele eɗen poti anndude hol ko foti wonde freemen walla alaa?&quot; &quot;Miɗo yiɗi Union Jack e ɓernde am fof. Sabu so wonaa e nder leydi Angalteer, ɗo yahrata fof; woɗɗi hawrude, ina renndini yimɓe ɓee. Mi alaa ko njogiimi e laamɗo George VI mo Angalteer. Kono miɗo yiɗi ''Crown'' leydi Angalteer e ɓernde am fof. Ngam miin e banndiraaɓe am, ko maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, ko juuti e inige petition. En njaltii e duuɓi dipolomasi. Ko ɗum waɗi, miɗo ɗoo jamma, ngam noddirde spade ko spade, e machete ko machete.&quot; &quot;Hande, min, Habibu Raji Abdallah, bee mo'ere Allah, hooreejo lesdi Zikist ''Movement'' e ''Field'' Secretary NCNC, mi ɗon anndina hoore am mi ɓii lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] jeytaare e jeytaare. Mi walaa gooŋgaaku haa kala laamu jananndu, nden boo nder walaa' laamu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e heforth ngam yimɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]; haani ɗooftaade kala sariya, ko wonaa sariyaaji ɓiɗɓe leydi [[Najeriyaagal|Najeriya]], aadaaji e sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=The labour of our heroes past… (II)|url=https://dailytrust.com/the-labour-of-our-heroes-past-ii/|access-date=2026-06-21|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko ɗum waɗi, mi yoɓataa njoɓdi ndii e ooɗoo laamu.Ngam so a yoɓii, ɓe kuutortoo ko kaalis ngam duumaade njiimaandi maɓɓe e dow maa.&quot;[citation needed] E dow ñaawoore makko, o jaabtii e mitigation ''Greggcitation'', ''presitation'',&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=The labour of our heroes past… (II)|url=https://dailytrust.com/the-labour-of-our-heroes-past-ii/|access-date=2026-06-21|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;so tawii aɗa gooŋɗini e goonga wonde ko bonannde haɓaade ndimaagu, ndeen noon, e kala sahaa, ñaaw am haa mi wara. So tawiino miɗo woppitee hannde, mi waawaa rokkude hoolaare ngam muusde ɗemngal am. Miin noon, ɓernde am ina laaɓi, miɗo weltii e accude ñaawoore sakkitiinde nde So rifatho, the fuverill to weltaare waɗɓe ma ɗoo mi acca ñaawoore sakkitiinde ndee e Alla.”

&lt;ref name=&quot;Iweriebor-19932&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Iweriebor|first=Ehiedu Emmanuel Goodluck|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cu3-twEACAAJ|title=Radical Nationalism in Nigeria: The Zikist Movement and the Struggle for Liberation, 1945-1950|date=1993|publisher=U.M.I.|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Oluwagbemi|first=Ayodele|date=2016-02-14|title=Remembering the Zikist Movement|url=https://punchng.com/remembering-the-zikist-movement/|access-date=2024-04-02|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Enesi|first=Prince H.|date=2017-01-01|title=HABIB RAJI ABDALLAH, 1920 - 1982: AN UNCOMMON NATIONALIST FORGOTTEN IN THE SANDS OF HISTORY|url=https://www.academia.edu/38424995|journal=International Journal of Arts and Humanities}}&lt;/ref&gt; Konnguɗi makko lolluɗi ɗii njahdi ko caggal keeri leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ɗi njaɓaa ko e lannda leƴƴi kawral (CPP) mo [[Kwame Nkrumah]] to Cote d’Or (hannde [[Gana|Ganaa]]). Laamu koloñaal jaɓaani moƴƴere e les njiimaandi rewolison e nulal Abdallah. Ko ɗum waɗi Abdallah e ardiiɓe fedde Zikist en nayo nanngaa, ɓe tuumaama ko ɓe fitinaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;Olusanya-19662&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Olusanya|first=G. O.|date=November 1966|title=The Zikist Movement—a Study in Political Radicalism, 1946–50|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-modern-african-studies/article/abs/zikist-movementa-study-in-political-radicalism-194650/827C21945CCED6CADD67EE7FDB230159|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|language=en|volume=4|issue=3|pages=323–333|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00013501|issn=1469-7777|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndeeɗoo ƴaañgal e ardorde Zikist en addani njuɓɓudi goɗndi e nder Diɗɗal Zikist en, addani Nduka Eze yaltude hooreejo leydi, caggal nde Abdallah sokaa, Mokwugo Okoye wonti sekreteruuji mawɗi. Zikist en, e nder yontaaji, njaltii e NCNC, ɓuri ngenndiyaŋkooɓe e njuɓɓudi jibinannde mum en. Ofiseeji koloñaal en njiyri dille Zikist en ko renndo ngo rewaani laawol, ɓe njaltini yamiroore (''Order-in-Council''), ɓe kaɗi dille Zikist en ñalnde 12 abriil 1950. Caggal ɗuum fedde nde fusi, terɗe mayre mbayli e politik, e njulaagu, e laamu aadaaji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-08-01|title=Remembering Raji Abdullah, Northern Leader Of The Zikist Movement – Igbo Defender|url=https://igbodefender.com/remembering-raji-abdullah-northern-leader-zikist-movement/|access-date=2024-04-02|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-08-01|title=Remembering Raji Abdullah, Northern Leader Of The Zikist Movement – Igbo Defender|url=https://igbodefender.com/remembering-raji-abdullah-northern-leader-zikist-movement/|access-date=2024-04-02|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Luulndaade doosgal leydi Richards ===
E hitaande 1945, guwerneer leydi Biritaan biyeteeɗo [[Arthur Richards]] hollitii eɓɓooje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi [[Clifford shaw|Clifford]] ɗe hitaande 1922.&lt;ref name=&quot;lifeandtimesnews.com2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-4/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Sun News|date=2017|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndee ɓeydugol terɗe [[Afrik]] toɗɗaaɗe e Diiso sarɗiiji. Kono waylooji ɗii ko ngenndiyankooɓe hono Azikiwe luulndii ɗum en.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|website=DREAM WORLD PIONEERS VENTURES|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804162946/http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Politiyankooɓe NCNC njaɓaani kuule ɗe [[Arthur Richards]] ƴetti, kam e kuulal doosgal leydi ndi ina ɗaɓɓi terɗe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] nay cuɓaaɗe tan ; heddiiɓe ɓee maa ngona kanndidaaji toɗɗaaɗi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seng|first=Michael P.|date=1985|title=Democracy in Nigeria|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qk5d1h9|journal=National Black Law Journal|volume=9|issue=2|pages=144–166|via=escholarship.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kanndidaaji [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] toɗɗaaɗi ɗii ko lolluɓe laamu koloñaal, tee ɓe njiɗaa laamu hoore maɓɓe e dow fenaande. Daartol luulndo ngoɗngol ko ŋakkeende nafoore ngam yahrude yeeso [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] e jappeere laamu toownde. NCNC ina hebli ngam haɓaade haala mum e laamu kesu nguu, hono [[Clement Attlee]] to leydi Angalteer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Clement Attlee and union links|url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/themes/clement-attlee-union-links.htm|last=The National Archives|website=NationalArchives.gov.uk|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaɓɓungal leydi ndi fuɗɗii ngam humpitaade ko woni e lannda ka, e dañde kaalis ngam seppo leydi Angalteer.{{sfn|Olusanya|1964|p=246}}Hooreejo lannda NCNC, [[Herbert Macaulay]] maayi e nder njillu ngu, Azikiwe ƴetti ardaade lannda ka. O ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo haa Londres, ngam heblude njillu nguu, o yahi [[Amerik]] ngam ɗaɓɓude yurmeende e haala lannda kaa. Azikiwe hawri e [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] to [[Hyde Park]], o haali ko fayti e &quot;rimɗinde leydi [[Naajeeriya]] e maccungaagu politik, ŋakkeende kisal faggudu e ŋakkeende renndo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe {{!}} Nationalism and Decolonization|url=https://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/nationalism-and-decolonization/nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-13|website=Nigerian Scholars|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Delegaasiyoŋ Angalteer ina jeyaa heen Azikiwe, [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]], Zanna Dipcharima, [[Abubakar Olorun-Nimbe|Abubakar Olorunimbe]], P. M. Kale, Adeleke Adedoyin e Nyong Essien. Ɓe njilliima Biro Kolonial Fedde Fabian, Goomu Laamɗo Gollotooɓe e Dental Almudɓe [[Afrik]] Hirnaange ngam humpitaade eɓɓooji mum ngam waylude doosɗe leydi 1922. Ina jeyaa e eɓɓooje NCNC, jokkondirde e [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] ko faati e waylooji doosɗe leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ɓeydude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo e ustude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji hakkundeejo to bannge difagol, kaalis e geɗe caggal leydi.{{sfn|Olusanya|1964|p=247}} Delegaasiyoŋ oo yettinii eɓɓaaɗe mum to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe koloñaal, kono ko seeɗa tan waɗi ngam waylude eɓɓaaɗe Richards. Doosgal Richards fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1947, Azikiwe haɓa e gooto e jooɗorɗe [[Lagos]] ngam leeltinde golle mum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-13|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Stamp Cameroons 2d-600px.jpg|thumb|Tammborde Naajeeriya hitaande 1953]]

=== Duuɓi 1950 haa 1953 ===
E nder doosgal leydi Richards, Azikiwe suɓaama e nder Diisnondiral Legislatif e nder wooteeji municipaal [[Lagos]] ummoraade e lannda Demokaraasi ngenndiijo (fotde NCNC).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-4/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2017|access-date=2020-05-30|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kanko e wakiliijo lannda makko ɓe tawtoraaka batu gadano diisnondiral ngal, kadi agitaasiyoŋ ngam waylude doosgal leydi Richards addani doosgal leydi [[Macpherson]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|website=DREAM WORLD PIONEERS VENTURES|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804162946/http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Doosgal Macpherson fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1951, hono no doosgal Richards nii, noddi wooteeji e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo. Azikiwe saliima waylooji ɗii, o haɓanaaki fartaŋŋe waylude doosgal leydi kesal ngal.

Wooteeji limtaaɗi mbaɗaama tuggi lewru ut haa lewru desaambar 1951.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The 1951 elections: How Awolowo forced Azikiwe out of western Nigeria|url=https://businessday.ng/columnist/article/the-1951-elections-how-awolowo-forced-azikiwe-out-of-western-nigeria/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Adekoya|first=Dr. Remi|date=2019|newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; To Diiwaan Hirnaange (ɗo Azikiwe darinoo ɗoo), lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɓuri heen heewde : NCNC mo Azikiwe e Goomu golle. Woote Asaambele diiwaan Hirnaange mbaɗaama e lewru suwee e desaambar 1951 sabu doosgal leydi ndii ina ɗaɓɓi e kollirɗe woote ngam suɓaade terɗe suudu sarɗiiji ngenndi ; ko ɓuri heewde e ''Action Group'' e nder suudu nduu ina waawi haɗde Azikiwe yahde suudu sarɗiiji.&lt;ref&gt;Onyioha, K.O.K. |date=20 November 1951|&quot;Ben Azikiwe key figure in long Nigerian poll&quot;, ''Philadelphia Tribune'' (1912–2001).&lt;/ref&gt; O heɓi jooɗorde asamblee diiwaan oo gila [[Lagos]], kono lannda luulndo ngoo wiyi ina jogii ɓural e nder suudu sarɗiiji, Azikiwe kadi daranaaki [[Lagos]] e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde. E hitaande 1951, o wonti hooreejo luulndo laamu [[Obafemi Awolowo]] to suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan hirnaange. Azikiwe suɓaaka e nder batu ngenndi, waɗii jiiɓru e nder hirnaange.{{sfn|Olusanya|1964|p=303}} Nanondiral hakkunde terɗe NCNC cuɓaaɗe ummoriiɗe [[Lagos]] ngam woppude Azikiwe so tawii o suɓaaka, yanii. Azikiwe tuumi doosgal leydi, o yiɗi ko waylooji mbaɗee. NCNC (mo jiimi e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange) jaɓi, e ƴettude peeje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi.{{sfn|Olusanya|1964|pp=303–305}}

Azikiwe ummiima to Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1952&lt;ref name=&quot;pulse.ng&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=A brief walk into the life of Nigeria's first president|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nnamdi-azikiwe-a-brief-walk-into-the-life-of-nigerias-first-president/5e2yhtv|date=2017-09-20|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe and the vision of a united Africa -II|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/magazine/politicalreforms/Nnamdi-Azikiwe-and-the-vision-of-a-united-Africa--II/1843776-5126270-hfst7u/index.html|website=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; e batu diiwaan mo NCNC ɓuri heewde oo waɗi eɓɓooje ngam jaɓɓaade mo. Hay so tawii jaagorɗe diiwaan e hakkundeeje lannda kaa ɗaɓɓiraama yo njokku laamu e nder mbayliigu kabine, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe njaɓaani ɗaɓɓaande ndee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Political Public and Difference: The Case of Nigeria|url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/12875/1/nq41018.pdf|last=Ejobowah|first=John Boye|date=1999|website=tspace.library.utoronto.ca|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndeen asaambele diiwaan oo waɗii woote ngam waasde hoolaade jaagorɗe ɗee, kadi kuule appropriation neldaaɗe to ministeer oo njaɓaaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;DR. BENJAMIN NNAMDI AZIKIWE2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://ilanssenyange.wixsite.com/ilannews/single-post/2017/11/10/DR-BENJAMIN-NNAMDI-AZIKIWE|website=ilannews|date=10 November 2017|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗum addani diiwaan hee ŋakkere, lietnaa-guwerneer oo fusi galle diiwaan oo. Woote kese ngartiri Azikiwe e wonde tergal Asammbele Fuɗnaange. O suɓaama hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], nden o laati hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nder hitaande 1954 nde ɗum warti kawtal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]].

== Premier diiwaan Fuɗnaange ==
Azikiwe wonti hooreejo leydi diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1954 caggal nde doosgal kesal waɗtaa e golle. Komisiyoŋ faggudu diiwaan Fuɗnaange Azikiwe gollondirii e Orop e Amerik worgo ngam wallitde ƴellitaare e nder diiwaan hee, e nder njulaagu, e nder njulaagu nebam leɗɗe, e nder njamndi e kemikal e nder diiwaan hee. O mahii sosiyetee semmbe Nijeer lolluɗo to Nkalagu e nder diiwaan Ebonyi hannde oo, o fuɗɗii golle ñalnde 1 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 1955. O mahii gaas Nijeer. O sosi kadi sosiyetee gadano e nder leydi Nijeer, biyeteeɗo Niger Steel. O sosi banke ɓiɓɓe lesdi Naajeeriya arandeejo, Banke Afrik (ACB). Ummingo ACB waɗi ngomnati Hirnaange lesdi Naajeeriya sosde Banki lesdi Naajeeriya, ngomnati woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya darni banki woylaare. ACB ina waɗi nafoore e feeñde e fedde njulaagu mawnde to Fuɗnaange gila e kitaale 1950. Banki oo kadi waɗii geɗe keewɗe e ƴellitaare gonnooɗo Biafrannaaɓe e darnugol hareeji e hitaande 1970. O sosi porogaraam jaŋde baawɗo rokkude leydi Naajeeriya wontude leydi ɓurndi yaajde e yeeyde jaŋde caggal leydi e nder Afrik.

Azikiwe sosi fedde ƴellitaare fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, nde waɗii darnde mawnde e mahngo duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Nsukka, duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde gadanal e nder leydi ndi, ngal timmungal, e hitaande 1960. Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya sosaa ko ñalnde 18 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1955, caggal nde sariya ngam sosde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ngal e les njiimaandi Inter- Council Jaŋde e caggal leydi e njuɓɓudi gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele (jooni USAID), J.W. Cook (VC mo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Exeter), Dr John A. Hannah (Hooreejo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Michigan State), e Dr Glen L. Taggart, Deenoowo Porogaraamuuji hakkunde leyɗeele (MSU), ngarii e leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1958. Goomu nguu ƴeewtindiima nokku oo to Nsukka, e wiɗtude no feewi geɗe keewɗe ceertuɗe jowitiiɗe e sosde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde kesal.

Hayre nden waɗaama wakkati juulde jeytaare lesdi Naajeeriya, nde laamiiɗo debbo Alexandra mo Kent, laamiiɗo debbo Elizabeth II, wadi ɗum. Kalaasuuji puɗɗii ko ñalnde 17 oktoobar 1960 e binnditagol 220 almuudo e 13 tergal gollordu jaŋde. Nde laati Jaami'aare arandeere nder Naajeeriya, jaami'aare arandeere nde laamu lesdi Naajeeriya sosi, nden nder hitaande 1963, jaami'aare arandeere hokkata dipolomaaji lesdi Naajeeriya.[110]

E hitaande 1957, Azikiwe haaliino e nulaaɓe Angalteer e Naajeeriya e nder batu Lancaster House e hitaande 1957, ɗo doosɗe fedde nde ngam Naajeeriya jeytaare mum feewnaa. Joɗnde nde ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Biritaan ardii, waɗii won e nulaaɓe leydi Najeriya. Ardii dental ngal ko Abubakar Tafawa Balewa mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare, Obafemi Awolowo mo fedde Action, Eyo Ita mo lannda ngenndiijo jeytaare e Ahmadu Bello mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare.

Ñalnde 3 feebariyee 1959, Azikiwe jaɓɓiima Kwame Nkrumah (gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Gana keso toɗɗaaɗo) njillu to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer. O yilli suudu joonde diiwaan fuɗnaange e wondude e wondiiɓe makko, Hon. Jaagorgal ko feewti e geɗe caggal leydi, hono Kodjo Botsio e wasiyaaji ko feewti e geɗe Afrik, hono George Padmore. Nnamdi Azikiwe huutoriima ñalngu nguu, to suudu sarɗiiji fuɗnaange, ngam waɗde konngol teddinoowo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Nkrumah, o siftini no Kwame dartiniri golle Afrik.

Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1959, Azikiwe lomtii Michael Okpara, gardiiɗo diiwaan fuɗnaange. Ñalnde 28 oktoobar 1959, guwerneer seneraal Robertson habrii fusde suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, tawi ina waɗi 184 tergal, tuggi 1 noowammbar 1959, mbele woote jeytaare ina mbaɗee.

Ñalnde 12 desaambar 1959, woote parlemaa mbaɗaama to Nijeer ngam ƴamde 312 jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji. Diɗɗal lesdi Naajeeriya e Kamerun (NCNC) ngal Azikiwe woni arandeere nden heɓi 2,594,577 woote e 89 jooɗorde.

Fedde Awolowo (AG), woni 2ɓo e 1 992, 364 woote e 75 jooɗorde. Kongres yimɓe woylaare lesdi Tafawa Balewa (NPC) woni 3ɓo e 1 922 179 e 148 e nder 312 jooɗorde nder suudu sarɗiiji.

Lanndaaji tati mawɗi ɗi e nder woote ɗee mbaawaano heɓde jooɗorɗe keewɗe ngam sosde laamu. Guverneur général Robertson noddi Tafawa Balewa yo o dañ laamu ngu. Ñalnde 16 desaambar, Ahmadu Bello e Tafawa Balewa etinooma yettaade nanondiral ngam waawde jogaade laamu nguu hakkunde NPC e NCNC. Governor General humpitaama e kawral ngal, ko ɗum waɗi o jaɓi kabine sappo e jeegom mo Balewa suɓii.[111][112]

== Ndimaagu leydi Naajeeriya ==
Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 1960, parlemaa leydi Biritaan ƴetti kuulal jeytaare leydi Najeriya, hitaande 1960, ngal hokki ndimaagu leydi Najeriya. Jamma 30 suwee 1960, laana ndiwoowa British Union Jack jippinaa e kewu mawningol, tawi tedduɓe tawtoraama. Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 1960, laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Alexandra lomtotooɗo laamɗo debbo oo, udditi Parlemaa gadano leydi ndii. Doosgal kesal, sosngal njuɓɓudi fedde nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe cuɓaaɗo e hooreejo leydi kewu sosaa. Laamu kawtal NCNC e NPC woni laamu nde Naajeeriya heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, Sir Tafawa Balewa woni hooreejo leydi ndi, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo Senaa.

Ɓooytaani, Azikiwe lomtii Sir James Robertson, wonti Guwerneer Seneraal gadano e nder leydi ndii. Kono e nder doosɗe leydi Najeriya, guwerneer jeneral ko hooreejo leydi tan. Darnde Guwerneer-General e terɗe Diisnondiral Laamɗo debbo, mbaɗti Azikiwe dow politik lannda. Kabinee hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya arandeere Tafawa Balewa hawti bee; M Johnson, Bukar Dipcharima, Ayo Rosiji, Aja Wachukwu, Kolawole Balogun, e Victor Mukete (Kamerun), Samuel Akintola, Raymond Njoku, Alhaji Ribadu, Kingsley O. Mbadiwe, Festus Okotie-Eboh, e Allaji Inua Wada.[113][14]

Sir Tafawa Balewa waɗii konngol mum to nokku biyeteeɗo Race Course (hannde ko nokku Tafawa Balewa) to Lagos e nder ñalɗi jeytaare leydi ndii. E nder konngol makko o wiyi, &quot;Kewu hannde oo ko ñalngu nguu, ko ñalngu nguu fuɗɗii duuɓi sappo e joyi jooni, ngu yettiima ɗo haaɗi. Ko e manngu laaɓtungu, min mbiyata ko keɓgol Jeytaare men ngol alaa ko nanndi e mum e nder annals daartol. Kala taƴre men nde ina waɗi planfuncelly e dow doosgal men e kaaldigal udditiingal, wonaa tan hakkunde wakili’en denndaangal nafooje ceertuɗe e nder leydi Najeriya kono ko e ballondiral e laamu njuɓɓudi ndi hannde woppi laamu mum.&quot;[115]

== Gomnajo lesdi Naajeeriya ==
Nde ngon-mi suka mi yi’i gite: gite Naajeeriya wonta leydi mawndi e nder duunde Afrik ummotoonde; visions of Nigeria hokkata ndimu haa ɓe nder maccungaaku, e heɓugo laawol demokaraasi ngam ɓe ɗonno lulla nder illusion of security les laamu koloñaal..Miɗo hooli mi hoyɗan koyɗi am nder jam e ɓeydaari cemmbiɗinki yimɓe leydi am Naajeeriya. Motto fedde jeytaare leydi Naajeeriya woni Kawtal e Nuɗɗinki. Miɗo ñaagii nde ndeenten ngootaagu men, ndeentoo goonɗinal men.

— Nnamdi Azikiwe (duuɓi 1960, Londres)[116]

Azikiwe ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, hono Harold Macmillan, wasiyii mo yo lomto Sir James Robertson, e nder njillu makko to Lagos e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1960. Joɗnde Guwerneer-Jeneral fedde nde e nder haala tiitoonde, waɗi mo wakiliijo laamɗo leydi Angalteer to leydi Nijeer. Udditgol Azikiwe e lewru noowammbar 1960, seedtiima yoga e gollodiiɓe makko e nder Atlantik ɓaleejo, won heen ko Martin Luther King Jr. Du Bois, Sirli Graham Du Bois, Ami Jak Garvey, e Joorji S. Suyler.[117] Martin Luther King Jr. hollitii wonde hareeji ndimaagu e nder leydi Nijeer e nder leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ina njogii batte keewɗe e dille jojjanɗe aadee Amerik, o siftini wonde Azikiwe e ardiiɓe Afrik woɗɓe ko &quot;jaambaarooji ɓurɗi lollude e ko ɓuri heewde e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Negro en aduna o.&quot;

Haa timminorde haala maako, Zik wi'i, &quot;min, ɓe mbaawata siftoreede no haanirta nii, min mbaɗi Naajeeriya hannde, ɓe ngaddi ndimu nder leydi men, ɓe ndewi kawtal men bana lenyol&quot;, ko &quot;taariiha hokki yam geɓe mawɗe ngam mi heɓa batte duumotooɗe e ngam wadduki haaje yimɓe men.&quot; O wiyi kadi &quot;mi jogaaki miijo e wellitaare am walla hay kisal walla hay nguurndam e hoore mum, so tawii ko ɗeen ngoni coggu ngu pot-mi yoɓde ngam ardaade ngam hisnude ndimaagu e ngootaagu leydi am.&quot;[118]

Azikiwe tawtoraama batu diiwaan Afrik gadano Fedde Adunaare Golle (OIT), ngu yuɓɓinaa to Lagos, leydi Nijeer e lewru Duujal 1960. Tawtoraama heen: Mr. Johnson, jaagorgal golle leydi Nijeer e hooreejo batu nguu, Mr. Demby, jaagorgal golle leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, e David Director A-G19,[ ILO.19]. E lewru desaambar 1961 Fedde Ameriknaare Pinal Afrik (AMSAC) yuɓɓinii ñalngu mawngu e nder wuro Lagos, to leydi Nijeer. Yimɓe Ameriknaaɓe mawɓe ko wayi no Nina Simone, Langston Hughes, e Lionel Hampton njahii e yahdu AMSAC timmundu ngam semmbinde jokkondiral hakkunde Afriknaaɓe e Ameriknaaɓe/Afriknaaɓe. Ɓe njaɓɓaama e Azikiwe to Lagos.[120]

Ñalnde 17 noowammbar 1961, e nder konngol makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Najeriya to Nsukka, Zik hollitii eɓɓaande mum ngam Najeriya ƴettude doosgal leydi republique tawa ina heddii e tergal Commonwealth. E hitaande 1962, Azikiwe eeriima ardiiɓe Afrik e nder batu Lagos, yo cos fedde dowlaaji Afrik. Koolol Lagos ngol winnditii sarɗiiji eɓɓaaɗi ngam &quot;Fedde hakkunde Afrik e Malagasi&quot; e gardagol Azikiwe. Caggal ɗuum, nde jaɓaa e lewru mee 1963 e Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik.[121]

E hitaande 1963, Azikiwe yamiri gollorde gadane nde Guinness mahi caggal leydi Irlannda e Angalteer to Lagos

== Hooreejo leydi (1963-1966) ==
Leydi Naajeeriya sosaa ko ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa woni gardiiɗo jaagorɗe (hooreejo laamu) e Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo (hooreejo leydi) e hooreejo konu. Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Tafawa Balewa hollitii waylude doosgal leydi ndi 1960 ngam waylude Azikiwe e wonde Guwerneer Jeneral, e waylude tiitoonde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi kewu. Balewa hollitii wonde Azikiwe ina foti innireede hooreejo leydi e nder doosɗe leydi 1963 sabu leydi Naajeeriya meeɗaani yoɓde Dr. Ko zuum wazi, kuulal 157 doosgal leydi Najeriya 1963, tiitoonde mum ko Nnamdi Azikiwe ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, ina winndaa heen &quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe ina foti wonde hooreejo leydi e ñalngu ngu doosgal leydi ndi fuzzii.&quot;[122][123]

Ñalnde 30 lewru Duujal hitaande 1964, wooteeji feddeeji gadani e nder leydi Nijeer gila nde heɓi jeytaare mum. Woote ɗee njoofiima jonte keewɗe sabu luural hakkunde limoore inɗe gonɗe e doggol wooteeji ɗii e doggol binnditagol ngol. Lebbi jeegom caggal wooteeji ɗii, fotde 2 000 neɗɗo maayi e fitinaaji baɗnooɗi e nder diiwaan hirnaange.[124]

=== 1964 kiris e kuudetaa ===
Nigerian Daily Express wi'i nyande 3 mars 1964, &quot;Haa heɓugo ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960, eɓɓoore amin arandeere ngam anndugo ɗuuɗal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya laati kuugal limngal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1962. Hooreejo komitiiru limngal lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati man woni J. J. Warren. Njeñtudi limngal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyon ha Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa salii njeñtudi ndi o woppi Mr. Warren, o yamiri yo o riiwtu e hitaande 1963. Caggal nde o waɗi manipulaasiyoŋ, njeñtudi binnditagol ngol hollitii wonde Fuɗnaange ina les limtaa e miliyoŋaaji 8,5 e nder hitaande 1962 gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii ɓeydii dow limoore ndee haa 65,66 miliyoŋ woote fedde ndee e lewru desaambar 1964 ngaddi caɗeele mawɗe, ruppitii laamu kawral NPC e NCNC. Wooteeji ɗii mbaɗii boykotuuji keewɗi, njulaagu, hulɓinaare, njulaagu e fitinaaji ɗi Azikiwe waɗi haa o salii noddude gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Balewa ngam sosde laamu kesu. Balɗe seeɗa, jokkere enɗam apokaliptik ina jokki e dow leydi ndii haa nde Azikiwe ƴetti konngol e dow doosɗe leydi ndii.[126]

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Azikiwe resi debbo mum gadano biyeteeɗo Flora Azikiwe ñalnde 4 abriil 1936 to Akra, to Cote d’Or nde o woni gardiiɗo jaaynde Afrik subaka. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe nayo, ɓiɗɗo debbo gooto e ɓiɓɓe worɓe tato.

E hitaande 1973 Azikiwe resi debbo mum ɗiɗaɓo Uche Azikiwe nde o yahrata e duuɓi 26. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo.

== Posto hooreejo leydi e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ==
Laamu leydi Najeriya momti diiwanuuji feddeeji nay ɗii ñalnde 24 lewru mbooy hitaande 1966. Won e leƴƴi fuɗnaange fotde 115 neɗɗo mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik ñalnde 28 lewru mbooy-2 lewru juko hitaande 1966 ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966. Fotde 30 neɗɗo mbaraama e hareeji politik to Lagos ñalnde 29 sulyee-1 ut 1966, fotde 250 000 leñol fuɗnaange ndogi ummoraade e diiwaan Fuɗnaange fayde e diiwaan fuɗnaange caggal kuudetaa konu. Lietnaa Kolonel Yakubu Gowon huniima wonde hooreejo laamu konu fedde nde caggal kuudetaa konu, o artiri diiwanuuji fedde ndee nay ñalnde 31 ut 1966. Fotde 2 000 leñol Igbos mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange to4ctober L69 Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, guwerneer konu diiwal fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, anndinii dow diiwal ngal natti jaɓugo Gowon bana hooreejo laamu konu lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 2 mars 1967. Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon hoosi bawɗe timmuɗe bana komandaajo mawdo laamu e hooreejo laamu militaari7 ngam ardungal 1967. Gowon anndini laamu nguu ñalnde 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967. Ojukwu bayyini jeytaare leydi Biafra to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 caggal nde laamu fedde ndee teddinaani nanondiral Aburi.[127]

127 128 129 130 77.

Azikiwe e fuɗɗoode ina wallitnoo Biafra e anndinde ɗum e nder winndere ndee. O huutoriima doole makko politik ngam ardaade delegaasiyoŋ Biafra caggal leydi ngam jaɓde dowla jeytaare. E hitaande 1968, nde o yiyi batte hare ndee, o ñaagii Ojukwu nde o joofnata kaaldigal e Gowon, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Azikiwe woɗɗitii politik caggal wolde. O woniino hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos tuggi 1972 haa 1976. Jokkugol laamu konu e rokkude laamu laamu demokaraasi e hitaande 1979 rokki Azikiwe fartaŋŋe wartaade politik. O naati nder lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1978, o waɗi ɗaɓɓaande ardiiɗo leydi Naajeeriya nde o heɓi nasaraaku nder hitaande 1979 e hitaande 1983. O acci siyaasaaku haa abada ɓaawo kuudetaa konu nder hitaande 1983 nde Muhammadu Buhari ardii

=== Duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ===
Fitinaaji meeɗaay wonde kuutorgal ngal min kuutortoo, minen sosɓe leydi Najeriya, ngam safrude caɗeele politik. E nder aadaaji Angalteer, min kaaldii e Biro Koloñaal ngam jaɓde caɗeele amen ngam ŋakkeende e moƴƴere haala amen ngam laamu hoore mum. Caggal batuuji jeegom doosɗe leydi e hitaande 1953, 1954, 1957, 1958, 1959, e 1960, Angalteer rokkii en hakke ngam tabitinde jeytaare men politik gila 1 oktoobar 1960. Hay gooto e lanndaaji politik leydi Najeriya ɗi meeɗaani ƴettude jeytaare men politik e men happy violed to en meeɗaani jaɓde jeytaare men politik wonde hay toɓɓere ƴiiƴam Angalteer walla Najeriya rufaaka e nder hare men ngenndiire ngam nokku men e naange. Ndee ɗoo hujja daartol addani mi wiyde e yeeso yimɓe fof e nder leydi Najeriya wonde laamu nguu rokkii en laamu hoore mum e dow lowre kaŋŋe. Ko goonga, yonta am ina cemmbina mi, kono geɗe daartol ɗee ko ɗe njiyataa. Miɗo sikki ko ɓuri mettude ko ‘Sukaaɓe Turki’ men pellitii naatnude elemen mbayliigu bonngu e nder politik leydi Najeriya. No ɓe e renndo men fof mbaawirta ustude politikaaji tiiɗɗi, ma a taw nannguɗi, ko politik mo alaa hakkille. Mi jokki bee Seneraal Aguiyi-Ironsi, Ofiisaajo Seneraal Ardiido sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, mo mi faami, jooni o hoosi kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya. Miɗo sakka golle am ngam kala udditgol jam ngam haɗde ƴiiƴam ɓeydaade, ngam weltinde ofiseeji muusɗi ɗii, e artirde sariya e deeƴre. So mi nanii haala makko tan, mi waɗa peeje ngam hootde galle. Ko fayti e am, miɗo jogori warde ardiiɓe men politik e konu ko musiiba ngenndiijo.

— Jaabawol hooreejo leydi Nnamdi Azikiwe e kuudetaa konu gadano, hitaande 1966.[131]

Ñalnde 8 noowammbar 1989, jaayɗe ciifi e fenaande wonde Azikiwe maayii, sabu naamne jaayndiyanke BBC jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko. O artiri o wiyi &quot;mi yaawaani yaltude oo aduna, sabu ko kañum tan woni tagofeere nde nganndu-mi.&quot; E hitaande 1991, Azikiwe yahiino e udditgol nokku Nnamdi Azikiwe to Zungeru, nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, e juuɗe hooreejo leydi Ibraahiima Babangida. E nder ndunngu 1995, o rokki yeewtere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Pennsylvania e gardiiɗo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal.

Azikiwe maayi haa ñalnde 11 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1996, to opitaal janngirde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Enugu caggal nde o rafi ko juuti. O yahrata ko e duuɓi 91. Azikiwe rokkaama wirwirnde dowla e laamu Sani Abacha, caggal fotde jonte ɗiɗi kewuuji ngenndiiji. Ɓanndu makko nawaama e gure keewɗe teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndi ngam sunaare e teddungal. O wirnaa e wuro makko Onitsha ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1996, ñalnde wonnde ñalngu ngu o heɓi duuɓi 92. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde wiyeteende New York Times teskiima,

&quot;O toowii dow geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder Afrik, o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teddineede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko.&quot;[132]

E hitaande 2019, laamu hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari ƴettii golle timminde suudu ndu Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, ndu anndinaama ndu nokkuure nden.[133][134]

== Innde e ndonu daartol ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, ƴaañgal Afrik seediima laamuuji Orop ina peccii Afrik, ina kuutoroo jawdi aadee e tago. Ƴellitaare miijo politik Afrik feeñi ko e anniya yiylaade eɓɓoore miijo jaɓgol hoore mum e ngenndiyaŋkaagal pinal cemmbinngal. Ina jeyaa e daraniiɓe Pan Afrik, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Pilot ndimaagu leydi Nijeer. Nokku Azikiwe nder cosmology Naajeeriya ɗon yaaji haa darnde maako nde o jogi. O rokki ngenndiyaŋkaagal e hare jeytaare maanaa keso. Zik, e oon sahaa to duɗal Hope Waddel, ina anndi miijooji Marcus Garvey ko fayti e Pan-Afrik, teeŋtinoowo doole Afriknaaɓe, e rimɗinde Afrik e juuɗe Afriknaaɓe. Ɗum addani Zik naamnaade laawɗingol koloñaal e nder Afrik, tee ina jeyaa e ko Garvey wiyi ngam rimɗinde Afrik e laamuuji koloñaal. E wakkati nde Naajeeriya woni haa jooni mooɓre diiwalji feere-feere, anndalji e dente nokkuuje, Zik fuɗɗi ƴamɗe ngam heɓugo ndimu Naajeeriya e ngam sosde senngooji ɗi ngalaa lenyol, ɗi ngalaa leƴƴi ngam yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e yidde lesdi maɓɓe.[116][135]

Azikiwe yahiino to Amerik ɗo o janngi e jannginde e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ceertuɗe to Fuɗnaange, o yi’i weeyo ngo njiyaagu e ƴellitaare `Negro' radikal. O heɓi kadi ballal e hooreejo leydi Amerik e teeminannde 19ɓiire, hono James A Garfield, e dow huɗo ngam weltinde njiimaandi politik. Nde o arti e Afrik worgo, ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ngoƴa makko, ko ɗum waɗi, wonaa hare leydi, ngenndiyaŋkoore, kono ko hare winndereyankoore, winndereyankoore ngam leñol ɓaleejo. Ko o gardiiɗo jaaynde African Morning Post to Accra, tuggi 1935 haa 1937, Azikiwe heɓi ɗoon e ɗoon innde sabu jaayndeyaagal makko toowngal `American style' e ñiŋde cuusal makko e njuɓɓudi koloñaal, e ardiiɓe koloñaal kam e ardiiɓe Afrik nokkuuji ɗii. Semmbe makko ina yaaji e nder leyɗeele koloñaal Biritaan en fof, ko kanko woni doole guurɗe won e ardiiɓe Afrik hono Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, Dauda Jawara, Kenneth Kaunda e Milton Obote e woɗɓe.

Jaayndeyaagal Azikiwe kaɓanngal e ƴattooje ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e darnde makko e doole makko, kadi ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e ummital Naajeeriya. Azikiwe sosi fedde jaayndeyaagal wiyeteende Zik Group, nde o sosi e nde o yuɓɓini Pilot West African, nde o inniri « kaayitaaji ngenndiyaŋkooji ñaamooɓe yiite, doolnuɗi, ɓurɗi toowde ». E les njiimaandi Zik Group o wayli golle jaayɗe Afrik hirnaange, o hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore, o yaajtini nafoore makko e jogaade ko ina tolnoo e jaayɗe 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe Afriknaaɓe njiylotoo. Pilot Afrik hirnaange mawni no feewi gila e doggol adanngol ngol 6 000 ekkol ñalnde kala, haa e doggol ko ina ɓura 20 000 ekkol e tolno mum e kitaale 1950.[136][137][138]

Kaayitaaji keertiiɗi ɗi Nnamdi Azikiwe, hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya arandeejo, ɗon mari haaje nder suudu defte maako haa Nsukka, Naajeeriya. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen binndanɗe keertiiɗe, eɓɓaande ciimtol makko, binndanɗe dowla ummoraade e gardagol makko, binndanɗe politik jowitiiɗe e Republique Biafra, kaɓirɗe ummoraade e kampaañ Azikiwe e hitaande 1979 e 1983, kam e defte e jaayɗe seeɗa ɗe keewaani. Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Vanderbilt, e ballal kaalis e porogaraam defte binndaaɗe e nder defterdu UCLA, waɗii ɗeen geɗe dijital ngam sosde mooɓondiral geɗe puɗɗaaɗe jowitiiɗe e jaŋde leydi Najeriya e leydi Biafra [139]. Ndee ɗoo deftere ina heɓoo e dijital rewrude e defterdu UCLA[140]

=== Teddungal ===
Leydi Biritaan : Tergal e Diiso doosɗe leydi Biritaan, ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1960.[141] 

Komanda mawɗo fedde nde (GCFR).[142]

=== Degreeji teddungal ===
Azikiwe heɓi dipolomaaji teddungal 14 ummoraade e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Najeriya, Amerik e Liberiya, teeŋti noon :

Pennsylvanie 1946: Doktoor to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln

Virginia Hirnaange 1947: Doktoor ɓataakeeji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer

Washington, D.C. 1950: Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Howard heɓi Doktoraa mum to bannge sariya

Michigan 1959: Doktoor tedduɗo e sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Michigan[143]

Naajeeriya 1961: Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji (D.Litt.) to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Naajeeriya[144]

Liberiya 1969 : Doktoraa mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Liberiya

Pennsylvanie 1980 : Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji aadee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvanie

Woɗɓe ina mbaɗi dipolomaaji ummoraade e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, UNIZIK, e FUTO.[145]

=== Siftorde e monumndaaji ===

=== Kaalis e tammborɗe posto ===
Natal Azikiwe feeñii e kaalis ₦500 leydi Naajeeriya gila hitaande 2001. Natal makko ina tawee e limlebbi postooji ɗi ɓe peeñnini e hitaande 1964, gila ndeen kadi feeñii e limlebbi goɗɗi.[150]

=== E nder pinal leñol ===
Nguurndam Azikiwe gadana ko kanko winndi, yaltinaa e hitaande 1970, tiitoonde mum ko Odyssey am: nguurndam am.

Laamu leydi Naajeeriya sosi njeenaari Zik, njeenaari ardungal hitaande kala, e hitaande 1995, ngam teddinde Azikiwe.

E hitaande 2006, Ben Obi fuɗɗii yeewtere hitaandeere Zik ngam maayde golle moƴƴe e ndonu Azikiwe.[151]

Filoosofi jaŋde Azikiwe hollitaama e nder filmo binndaaɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya.[152]

E hitaande 2023, Fedde Duke Shomolu yaltinii pijirlooji tuugiiɗi e nguurndam e jamaanu Azikiwe.

Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Michigan State sosi ‘Fedde janngooɓe Afriknaaɓe hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe’ e hitaande 2023, ngam wallitde janngooɓe Afriknaaɓe hakkunde leyɗeele MSU to Afrik ngam wiɗtooji. Njeenaari ndii ko ngam teddinde Azikiwe mo gollodii e jannginooɓe MSU ngam mahde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya) to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya.

=== Teddungal aadaaji ===
Azikiwe naatnaa e renndo Agbalanze Onitsha e innde Nnanyelugo e hitaande 1946, ko ɗum anndinde worɓe Onitsha jogiiɓe golle maantiniiɗe. E hitaande 1962, o wonti mawɗo leydi ɗiɗaɓo (Ndichie Okwa) hono Obi Oziziani.[130] Mawɗo Azikiwe toɗɗaama bana Owelle-Osowa-Anya mo Onitsha nder hitaande 1972, ɗum waɗi mo ardiiɗo ronkaaku arandeejo (Ndichie Ume) nder caltal Igbo nder laamiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya.[107]

== Miijooji politik ==
Zikism; ko miijo politik ɓurngo lollude e Nnamdi Azikiwe, faandaare mum ko ustude hakkillaaji sukaaɓe Afriknaaɓe. E sahaa nde dowlaaji Afrik ngonnoo e les njiimaandi Angalteer, Zik ƴetti filosof mum politik, hono miijo mbayliigu. Canons jowi Zikism woni &quot;Balans Ruuhu&quot;, &quot;Regeneration Sociale&quot;, &quot;Determinism Faggudu&quot;, &quot;Emancipation Mentale&quot;, e &quot;Ummital Politik&quot;. E werlaade annoore ɓurnde laaɓtude e canons, Azikiwe teeŋtinii, &quot;Ko adii fof, mi ƴettii konngol balance spirituel ngam hollirde ndimaagu teskinngu e nder ɓernde, miijo e miijo... Ɗiɗaɓere, mi mahii ƴellitaare renndo ngam hollirde ndimaagu fedde e ndimaagu diisnondiral .. Tataɓol, mi ventured e nder faggudu taprocie so I goongɗini Mi lootii hono ngool ngonka nguurndam determinism faggudu, sabu miɗo gooŋɗini miijo Karl Marx e firo faggudu daartol e nder lewru e nder Afrik fof... Nayaɓol ngol, mi fellitii waɗde yah-ngartaa e nder fannuuji hakkille ... Ko ɗum waɗi mi ƴetti tesis wonde emancipaasiyoŋ hakkille ina haani wonande Afriknaaɓe jannguɓe bonɓe. Joyaɓere ... alaa ko waawi sikkeede e Risorgimento politik Afriknaajo, nde tawnoo wellitaare ɗeen sarɗiiji ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu nguurndam, ndimaagu, e jokkude wellitaare.&quot;

Weltaare Neo; Azikiwe huutoriima pinal Afriknaaɓe e faggudu Afriknaaɓe ko adii koloñaal ngam ƴellitde miijo makko faggudu Neo-Welfarist, o wasiyii eklektisism e pragmatism ngam wonde tuugnorgal filosofi wonande neo-welfarism.[153]

Pragmatisme eklektik; Eklektik-pragmatism wonande Azikiwe ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade haa teeŋti e goongaaji keewɗi fannuuji faggudu e politik. Ko feere etaade yuɓɓinde miijooji nannduɗi e luurondirɗi, wonaa e safrude luural, kono ko e suɓaade e hawrude e ko nafata e ko waawi huutoreede e kala heen ngam heɓde paandaale yiɗde. Nii woni, pragmatisme eklektik ina wayi no ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade caɗeele Afrik e nder ƴeewndorɗe ceertuɗe e teskinɗe ɗe njiylotonoo ɗe.[154]

=== Golle ===
Zik (1961)

Odiseeji am (1971)

Afrik keso (1973)

Liberiyaa e nder politik winndere (1931)

——— (hitaande 1966). Teemedere Ciimtol Ciimtol e Yimre Rt. Hon. Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe. Duɗal njuɓɓudi e karallaagal. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2736-09-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

Sifaa siyaasaaku ngam lesdi Naajeeriya (1943)

Faggudu leydi Naajeeriya (1943)

Zik: Cuɓagol konnguɗi Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe (1961)

Daartol warngo: Goonga walla fenaande? (1946)

Ko adii men ina woodi yanaande udditiinde (1947)

Jaango Pan-Afrik (1961)

Goongaaji ngootaagu Afrik (1965)

Iwdi wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya (1969)

Mi ɗon nuɗɗina Naajeeriya gooto (1969)

Eɓɓooje jam ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya (1969)

Kaaldigal dow Laamorde Kesum ngam Naajeeriya (1974)

Taggol lesɗe ɗuuɗɗe nder Naajeeriya, limngal siyaasaaku (1974)

Demokaraasi e jeertinaango konu (1974)

Reorientaasiyoŋ miijooji Najeriya : yeewtere ñalnde 9 lewru Duujal hitaande 1976, e ñalngu udditgol kaalis dokkal UNN (1976)

Hare men ngam Ndimaagu; Kiriis luumo Onitsha (1976)

Njaafoɗen Ɓiɓɓe Men. Eeraango feewde e ardiiɓe e yimɓe Onitsha e nder caɗeele luumo (1976)

Koolol jimɗi (1977)

Soliloquies wolde nder leydi: Ko ɓuri heewde e jimɗi (1977)

Teemedde e nder miijo renndo e politik Afrik (1978)

Gartirgol Demokaraasi Naajeeriya (1978)

Golle ɓennuɗe ɗe ngalaa nanndo: Jaabawol am e caɗeele mawɗo Awolowo (1979)

Haala ɓernde (1979)

——— (hitaande 1980). Miijo ngam Naajeeriya: Kapitaalisma, Sosiyaalisma walla Weltaare?. Makmilan leydi Nijeer. h. 196. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9789781325212&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

——— (hitaande 1983). Bonannde Hoolaare e NPN.

——— (hitaande 1983). Daartol Maa Ƴeewto Goongɗinɓe.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Ngenndiyankaagal Afrik

Filoosofi Zikist

Njeenaari Zik

== Tuugnorgal ==
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      <text bytes="88764" sha1="4isisibyzelq0hezxt5ibnjv5d3i9me" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe'''GCFR PC (HeɗtoR; 16 noowammbar 1904 – 11 [[lewru]] mee 1996),&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe {{!}} president of Nigeria|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|access-date=2022-03-26|website=[[Britannica]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya ko '''Zik mo Afrik''', ko o dawriyanke, laamuyanke, e hooreejo leydi Nijeer, o woniino hooreejo leydi Nijeer gadano gila e hitaande 1960 haa e hitaande 1960 (1963-1966).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=French|first=Howard W.|date=1996-05-14|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; O ɗon laara no baaba lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nden bo o ɗon nder ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 1960.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-10-01|title=Heroes of the struggle for Nigeria's independence/pioneer political|url=https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-05-24|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=On this day in 1904 Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe, was born in Zungeru, Niger State, North-Central Nigeria|url=http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|date=2017-11-16|website=[[Jay FM]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805081611/http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Crowcroft|first=Barnaby|title=The Radical Nationalist as Constitutional Head of State: Nigeria, 1960–66|date=2020|work=Viceregalism: The Crown as Head of State in Political Crises in the Postwar Commonwealth|pages=179–202|editor-last=Kumarasingham|editor-first=H.|series=Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-46283-3_7|isbn=978-3-030-46283-3|s2cid=226564363}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Azikiwe jibinaa ko [[Zungeru]] e nder [[Diiwal Niger|diiwaan Niger]] hannde oo, jibnaaɓe [[Igbo]] en ummoriiɓe [[Onitsha]], [[Diiwal Anambra|diiwaan Anambra]], Azikiwe janngi ɗemngal Hausa ngal woni ɗemngal ɓurngal mawnude e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange. Caggal mum o neldaa hoɗde e neene makko e neene makko to wuro makko [[Onitsha]], ɗo o janngi ɗemngal [[Igbo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=chuku|first=gloria|title=Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi|year=2011|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-0239|work=Dictionary of African Biography|access-date=2023-12-13|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.013.0239|doi-broken-date=1 July 2025|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jooɗnde haa lesdi [[Lagos]] hokki mo jannguki ɗemngal [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], nden wakkati o ɗonno haa janngirde mawnde, o anndi finaa-tawaa [[Naajeeriya]] feere-feere, nden o wolwi ɗemɗe tati mawɗe [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Aguolu|first1=C. C.|last2=Aguolu|first2=L. E.|date=1997|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, First President of Nigeria: A Force in Library Development in Nigeria|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199|journal=World Libraries|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|issn=2155-7896}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe ina yahra no feewi. O ummii ko [[Amerik]] ɗo o inniraa '''Ben Azikiwe''', o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard. O jokkondiri e laamuuji koloñaal e ɗaɓɓaande ngam wallitde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e nder Olimpiyaaji Los Angeles 1932 nde tawnoo ko kanko kadi woni atletee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/03086539908583061|title='Managing nationalism': The colonial office and Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1932–43|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=143–158|year=1999|last=Flint|first=John E.}}&lt;/ref&gt; O arti [[Afrik]] ko e hitaande 1934, o fuɗɗii golle jaayndiyankaagal to Cote d’Or ([[Gana]] hannde oo). E nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange Biritaan, Azikiwe ina daranii wonde daraniiɗo politik e jaayndiyanke, ngam ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e [[Afrik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Azikiwe fights for Africa|date=7 January 1950|work=New York Amsterdam News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol==
'''Sukaaɓe''' : '''jaŋde e mbaydi ƴeew tiitoonde'''

Kartal pelle ɗemɗe [[Naajeeriya]]: Azikiwe jibinaa ko e diiwaan Fuɗnaange e nder leydi ndi. Leydi taaniraaɓe makko, [[Onitsha]], woni ko e bannge Fuɗnaange-rewo ngenndi ndii.)

Azikiwe jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1904 to [[Zungeru]], to Fuɗnaange Nijeer. Innde makko adannde, &quot;Nnamdi&quot;, nde jibnaaɓe makko ndokki mo ko innde [[Igbo Eze South|Igbo]] nde firti ko &quot;baaba am ina wuuri&quot;. Baaba makko, Obed-Edom Chukwuemeka Azikiwe, jeyaaɗo to [[Onitsha]], ko o binndoowo e nder laamu Angalteer to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Thomas A. Johnson|date=1972-09-14|title=Nigerian Urges Uses of the Past|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/09/14/archives/nigerian-urges-uses-of-the-past-says-colonialism-left-some-things.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yumma makko Rachel Chinwe Ogbenyeanu Azikiwe (jibinaa ko Aghadiuno), mo sahaa e sahaa fof ina wiyee « Nwanonaku »&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: My Odyssey|chapter=I: My Genealogy and Nativity|publisher=Spectrum Books|date=1970|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of NNamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-06|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ko ɓiɗɗo debbo tataɓo Aghadiuno Ajie&lt;ref name=&quot;PT&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;, iwdi galle laamɗo to Onitsha; mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Ugogwu Anazenwu, ko Obi [[Onitsha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;PT2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ina joginoo miñi mum gooto, miñi mum debbo, ina wiyee Cecilia Eziamaka Arinze.&lt;ref name=&quot;PT3&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nde o woni suka, Azikiwe ina haalda ɗemngal [[Hausa language|Hausa]], ɗemngal diiwaan oo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, first president of Nigeria: A force in Library development in Nigeria.|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199/154|last=Aguolu and Aguolu|first=C.C and L.E|date=1997|journal=World Libraries|volume=7|issue=2|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaba makko, ina wondi e sunaare e 6icfcfo makko e 6amtaare [[Hausa language|Hausa]] wonaa [[Igbo]], neli mo to [[Onitsha]] e hitaande 1912 ngam hocfde e neene makko e neene makko ngam janngude 6emngal e pinal [[Igbo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Oha&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Oha|first1=Obododimma|title=Heroes of knowledge versus dragons of ignorance: language, identity construction, and intertextuality in Nnamdi Azikiwe's &quot;My Odyssey&quot;|url=http://motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/MP2303oo.html|website=motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/|access-date=8 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; To [[Onitsha]], Azikiwe janngi Duɗal Trinity Seniiɗo (duɗal misiyoŋaaji katolik en) e Duɗal Eklesiya Almasiihu (duɗal leslesal Angalteer).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concodiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (2)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concodiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-2/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2016-12-14|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1914, nde baaba makko ina gollina to Lagos, Azikiwe yani e puccu ; ɗum addani baaba makko kulɓiniiɗo neldude mo to [[Lagos]], mbele omo sella, omo jokka jaŋde e nder wuro ngo.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Ndeen o naati duɗal sukaaɓe Wesleyan, anndiraangal hannde duɗal sukaaɓe ''Methodist'', [[Lagos]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=history – MGHS|url=https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004232208/https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaba makko neldaama [[Kaduna]] duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Azikiwe jooɗii seeɗa e banndiiko gooto resnduɗo juulɗo ummoriiɗo [[Siyeraa Leyoon]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1918, o arti [[Onitsha]], o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal hakkundeewal CMS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-05-09|title=Benjamin Nnamdi &quot;Zik&quot; Azikiwe (1904–1996)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/azikiwe-benjamin-nnamdi-zik-1904-1996/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ndeen golliima e duɗal ngal ko almuudo-jannginoowo,{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} ina wallita yumma mum e ngalu mum.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1920, baaba makko artiraa to Protectorat Sud Nigeria, to wuro [[Calabar]]. Azikiwe hawri e baaba mum to [[Calabar]], o fuɗɗii jaŋde toownde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; O naati e janngirɗe Marcus Garvey,&lt;ref name=&quot;Timesdigit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|work=The Times|location=London, England|date=14 May 1996|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garveyism, ɗe ngonti huunde himmunde e haala makko ngenndiyaŋkaagal.
[[File:Azikiwe with parents.png|thumb|Azikiwe e jibnaaɓe mum, c. Kitaale 1910]]
Caggal nde o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell,&lt;ref name=&quot;Yearbook1962&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Nigeria Year Book 1962|publisher=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|year=1962|pages=112}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe artiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Methodist, to [[Lagos]], o seerti e wondiiɓe makko ummoriiɓe e galleeji ɓooyɗi Lagos ko wayi no George Shyngle, Francis Cole e Ade Williams (ɓiy [[Akarigbo mo Remo|Akarigbo Remo]]). Ɗee jokkondiral naftorii caggal ɗuum e golle makko politik to [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley ''Boys'' o ɓuri waawde jaŋde makko, o rokki deftere ina wiyee « gila e Log Cabin haa e galle ''White House'' », ko ɗum woni nguurndam [[James A. Garfield]], gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi [[Amerik]], umminooɗo e huɗo haa e moƴƴere. Deftere ndee ina addana mo pellital heɓde nafoore e nguurndam. Azikiwe nanii yeewtere [[James Aggrey]], jannginoowo mo miijii wonde Afriknaaɓe ina poti heɓde jaŋde kolees caggal leydi, ɓe ngarta e waɗde waylo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Esele, Amos|date=21 November 1994|title=Ninety hearty cheers!|work=The Week|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde yeewtere ndee joofi, Aggrey rokki suka Azikiwe doggol duɗe jaɓɓotooɗe almudɓe ɓaleeɓe to [[Amerik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}}

Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri golle koloñaal, o jaɓaa wonde binndoowo to departemaa kaalis. Wakkati maako nder kuugal koloñaal, holli mo limngal njiyaagu nder laamu koloñaal.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=69}} Suɓaade Azikiwe janngude to Amerik e nokku Angalteer, ko batte Doktoor James Kwegyr Aggrey, nguurndam hooreejo leydi A. Garfield e Abraham Lincoln, Pan-Afriknism Marcus Garvey e woodgol ballal wonande almudɓe waasɓe, tawi alaa ko heɓaa e Angalteer. E pellital yahde caggal leydi ngam ɓeydaade jaŋde, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to U.S. O jaɓaa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer College, tawi ko e dow ballal makko e yiytude laawol feewde [[Amerik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Commencement address at Storer delivered by African alumnus|date=14 June 1947|work=New Journal and Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngam yettaade [[Amerik]], o jokkondiri e laana ndiwoowa, o waɗi e makko nanondiral ngam wonde stowaway.&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono gooto e sehilaaɓe makko wonnooɓe e laana kaa rafi, ɓe wasiyii yo ɓe njippo e Sekondi. To leydi [[Gana]], Azikiwe golliima ko polis ; yumma makko yilliima, o wiyi mo yo o hoot leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. O arti, baaba makko jaɓi wallitde mo yahde [[Amerik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Heroes of the Past – Nnamdi Azikiwe – Everything But Coffee|url=https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805024303/https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harpers Ferry, to Virginie worgo. Ngam yoɓde nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko, o golliima golle keewɗe ɗe ngalaa nafoore hade makko winnditaade to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard to Washington, D.C. e hitaande 1927 ngam heɓde dipolomaaji makko e ganndal politik. E hitaande 1929, o ummii duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard o fayi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln ngam timminde jaŋde makko leslesre, o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko BA e ganndal politik e hitaande 1930.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crisis-Jan1966&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OnlineNigeria&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/people/ad.asp?blurb=66|title=Biography of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|access-date=2007-09-05|work=[www.onlinenigeria.com]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikwe ƴettii kursuuji e Alain Locke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Getachew|first=Adom|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv3znwvg|title=Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination|date=2019|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-17915-5|pages=7|doi=10.2307/j.ctv3znwvg|jstor=j.ctv3znwvg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe wonnoo ko tergal e fedde nde.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Politics and Leadership|url=http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502181928/http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2007|website=Phi Beta Sigma|access-date=7 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndeen o naatii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln to Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e sahaa gooto e hitaande 1930, o heɓi dipoloma makko ko fayti e diine e filosofi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e hitaande 1932, o heɓi kadi dipoloma makko ko fayti e anthropologie to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e hitaande 1933&lt;ref name=&quot;UPenn&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|title=Alumni, Faculty, and Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania Who Have Served as Heads of State or Government|access-date=2007-09-05|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania|University Archives and Records Center University of Pennsylvania]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205032053/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|archive-date=5 February 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/zik.asp|title=Nigeria – Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|website=www.onlinenigeria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Azikiwe wonti jannginoowo dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, ɗo o sosi janngirde daartol [[Afrik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=41}} O woniino kanndidaa ngam heɓde dipolomaaji doktoraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] hade makko hootde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e hitaande 1934.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Azikiwe May Accept Position in Liberia|date=21 July 1934|work=The New York Amsterdam News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wiɗtooji doktoraa Azikiwe ɗii ɓuri teeŋtude ko e Liberiya e nder politik winndere, e binndol makko ngol A. H. Stockwell yaltini e hitaande 1934. E nder sahaa mo o woni to [[Amerik]], o woniino winndiyanke to jaaynde Afro-Ameriknaare Baltimore, to Philadelphia Tribune e to jaaynde Associated Negro Press.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ina joginoo miijooji jaayndeeji [[Afrik]]-[[Amerik]], Garveyism e Pan-Afriknaaɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Feddeeji e renndooji ===
Fedde sukaaɓe worɓe kerecee en, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27)

Cub hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928)

Fedde binndol Stylus to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1923)

Fedde hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] (1930-32)

Fedde nguurndam, Duɗal Anthropoloji Laamu (1933)

Fedde nguurndam, fedde faggudu laamɗo (1934)

Tergal nguurndam, Fedde Angalteer ngam ɓamtaare ganndal (1947)

Fedde Ameriknaare ngam sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele (1933–34)

Fedde Annduɓe Anthropoloji Amerka (1932-1934)

Fedde ganndal siyaas Amerik (1933-34)

Fedde Annduɓe Leƴƴi Amerka (1933-34)

Koolol ganndal siwil to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1934)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anike|url=http://repository.unizik.edu.ng/bitstream/123456789/429/1/master%2C%2BAnike.pdf|website=repository.unizik.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Azikiwe playing American Football, Storer College, 1926.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe ina fija fuku [[Amerik]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926)]]

== Golle atletik ==
E fuɗɗoode golle makko, Azikiwe ina yahra e boks, atletik, njulaagu, fuku koyɗe e tennis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crisis-Jan19662&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Football ko Biritaan en ngaddi ɗum e leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] nde ɓe koloni [[Afrik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://nnu.ng/post/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|website=Nigeria News Update.|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono kala ligues sosaaɗe, ko ɗe ceerndaaɗe. Nnamdi yi'i ɗum bana tooñannge nden o wurti bee hooreejo to bannge fijirle jokkirgol e siyaasaaku haa timmoode jamaanu koloñaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sports and the Modernity of Leisure in Nigeria: Stadium Space and the Symbolisms of Expressions, 1930–1980|url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/61376/OBASA-DISSERTATION-2015.pdf?sequence=1|last=Olusegun|first=Obasa|date=2015|website=repositories.lib.utexas.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1934, Zik haɗaama tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu leydi Nijeer jaɓaaka tawtoreede. Ɗum waɗii sahaa goɗɗo sabu iwdi makko Igbo, Zik fellitii wonde ina heddi, o yiɗi sosde fedde makko. Nnamdi sosi fedde Zik's ''Athletic Club'' (ZAC) nde udditanta dame mum ngam fijirde worɓe e rewɓe kala leƴƴi, leƴƴi, leƴƴi, e kala fannuuji leydi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nationalist Period|url=http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|website=Sports and Politics in British West/Central Africa|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805025704/http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1942, fedde nde yahi haa heɓi Ligue [[Lagos]] e Kop ''Memorial War''. Caggal ɗeen nafooje, Nnamdi udditi caɗeele ZAC goɗɗe e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] fof. E nder duuɓi wolde ZAC ina yaha njilluuji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe Facts|url=https://biography.yourdictionary.com/nnamdi-azikiwe|website=biography.yourdictionary.com|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Matchs'' ZAC ɗon waɗa nder lesdi ndi'i fuu, nden ɗum waɗi yimɓe [[Naajeeriya]] ɗon mari haaje kawtal e lesdi ndi'i ngam wallugo ɓe haɓugo ndimu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Establishment and the Achievements of the National Sports Commission in Nigeria|url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=osu1487093435463141&amp;disposition=inline|last=Abioye|first=Joseph Adegboyega|date=1980|website=etd.ohiolink.edu}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1949, won e fukuyaŋkooɓe ZAC tawtoraama njillu to Angalteer. E gartugol maɓɓe e njillu ngu ɓe njooɗii to Freetown, Siyeraa Leyoon, e leydi Najeriya fooli yimɓe nokku oo e golle 2. Ndee nasaraaku ko ɓuri duuɓi sappo ko adii jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya]], kono ko nde jibinannde kippu ngenndiijo leydi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigerians Love For Football; is it too much?|url=https://soccernet.ng/2015/03/nigerians-love-for-football-is-it-too.html|date=2015-03-23|website=Soccernet.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E joofnirde, caggal duuɓi hare, e hitaande 1959, jaagorde Angalteer cakkitiinde yalti NFA, ñalnde 22 ut 1960, jonte seeɗa ko adii jeytaare mum, [[Naajeeriya]] naati e fedde fuku koyɗe winndereere wiyeteende FIFA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pictures &amp; Documents: FIFA at 114, How Nigeria Became a Member|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|date=2018-05-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175655/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;Hay heen gootal waawaano wonde so wonaano Nnamdi Azikiwe. O hawti [[Naajeeriya]] bee fijirde nden o waddi hakkilo lesdi ndi'i wi'eteeɗum 'Nigerian-ness'.

=== Jaambaraagal dingiral ===
Sosɗo, ZiKs ''Athletic Club'' (e MRB. Oltun) ngam ɓamtugo fijooji, boksi, kirikit, njuulu e tennis nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]].

Gooliiɗo e yeeso, duɗal sukaaɓe metodist, [[Lagos]] (1921)

Jaagorgal, Diwgol toowngol, M.B.H.S, e Jaagorgal, Ñalngu Laamu (1921)

Jaagorɗo, tedduɗo, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27)

Jaagorgal &amp; Medaal kaŋŋe, Diwgol toowngol, Pijirlooji hakkunde duɗe HU (1926);

Medaal kaŋŋe, doggol leydi, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, e diwgol toowngol, kawgel kaalis to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926)

Medaal, Pentatlon, kawgel kolees Storer (1925)

Kapiteen, fedde janngirde Storer (1927)

Medaal kaŋŋe, taƴoowo leydi, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1921)

Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, maraton Laurel-Baltimore (1927)

Jaagorɗo, dogdu ɓaleeru, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928)

Kapiteen gooto, fedde fuku koyɗe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1930)

Doggol kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel ɗiɗmel hakkunde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cheyney (1930)

Medaal kaalis, doggudu kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel hakkunde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hampton Virginia (1931)

Jaaliiɗo toɓɓere, dogdu Baltimore (1929, 1930)

Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, dogdu Richmond (1931)

Toɓɓere Dowla, A.A.U. Kaɓirɗe hakkunde leyɗeele (1932)

Medaal kaŋŋe, dogdu 1 000 yard, Pijirlooji Kaledoni to Brooklyn, New York (1932)

Medaal kaŋŋe, Doggol Kilomeeteer gooto, e Doggol Kilomeeteer tati, Y MC.A. Pijirlooji, New York (1932)

Koppi kaalis, dogdu feccere kiloomeeteer, e keɓɗo kopporeeje kaalis e nder dogdu kiloomeeteer gooto, kawgel ñalngu ladde Demokaraasi, New Haven, Connecticut (1933)

Ɗiɗaɓo (e G.K Dorgu), kawgel tennis worɓe ɗiɗo Lagos, diɗɗal B (1938)

Nafooje (gorko Anchor), Kippu ZAC e nder kawgel njulaagu [[Lagos]] (1939)

Nasti ngam daranaago lesdi Naajeeriya nder fijirde Half-Mile e One Mile Run nder fijirde laamu lesdi Biritaniya nder hitaande 1934, ammaa A.A.A lesdi Biritaniya sali mo ngam 'daliilu karallaaku'. (Ngolɗoo jaɓgol addani mo winndude ɓataake lolluɗo, o woppi innde makko e ɗemngal Engele, hono Benjamin)

=== Tergal ===
Fedde fuku koyɗe Diamant (1922-24)

Fedde fijooji Merkiir to New York (1932-34)

Kaɓirgal tennis to Akra (1935-1937)

Patron, fedde fijirde Zik (gila 1956)

Hooreejo, Fedde Kirikit [[Naajeeriya]] (1940–44)

Hooreejo, Fedde Njulaagu [[Naajeeriya]] (1938–41)

Cukko hooreejo, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e boksi leydi Nijeer (gila 1949)

Hooreejo fedde fuku koyɗe diiwaan [[Lagos]] (1951-1954)

Hooreejo, Fedde Fijooji Amateur [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1952)

Hooreejo, Fedde ''Tennis'' Tabal [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1953)

Cukko Patron e tergal Goomu, Goomu Olimpiyaade Nijeer, e Fedde Pijirlooji Laamu Biritaan e ''Commonwealth'' (gila 1951)

&lt;ref&gt;Alegi, Peter (2010). African Soccerscapes: How a Continent Changed the World's Game. Ohio University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-89680-278-0}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ​&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Before Joining FIFA and CAF; Nigeria FA was Affiliated to the FA in England|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|date=2018-08-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804235509/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/nnamdi-azikiwe/|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: How do We Remember Nigeria's First President? – HistoryVille|date=16 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle binndol ==

=== Jaaynde jaayndeyaagal e tafngo ===
Rewɓe ɓee ndaranii yoɓde njoɓdi Angalteer e hitaande 1929, ko ɗum seedtini warngooji keewɗi e nder Opobo, tawi ko soldateeɓe Angalteer ardii ɗum en e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange. Azikiwe, nde nani kewu nguu, winndi winndannde ñaawoore tiitoonde mum ko ‘Warde rewɓe e nder leydi Nijeer’, nde o woni e janngude haa jooni to Amerik e hitaande 1930, e ɓataake mo o winndi e oon sahaa, daraniiɗo hakkeeji siwil ''Pan''-[[Afrik]], hono W. E. B. Du Bois. Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Azikiwe winndi deftere makko adannde wiyeteende ‘Liberia e nder politik winndere’ e hitaande 1931.

Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiriino wonde jaagorgal caggal leydi to leydi Liberiya, kono o saliima sabu o wonaa jeyaaɗo e leydi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist|work=The Journalist|url=https://www.thejournalist.org.za/pioneers/nnamdi-azikiwe-african-philosopher-scholar-and-eminent-journalist|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1934, nde Azikiwe warti [[Lagos]], o anndaa no feewi, o yi’aama no neɗɗo tedduɗo e won e renndo [[Lagos]] e [[Igbo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://www.ekwendigbo.com/index.php/en/profiles/blessed-memories/83-nnamdi-azikiwe|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805055431/http://www.ekwendigbo.com/index.php/en/profiles/blessed-memories/83-nnamdi-azikiwe|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 August 2020|website=www.ekwendigbo.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; O jaɓɓaama e juuɗe yimɓe seeɗa, kolliri binndi makko to [[Amerik]] ina laaɓi ina njottii [[Naajeeriya]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=38}} To leydi Nijeer, faandaare Azikiwe adannde ko heɓde darnde fotnde e jaŋde makko ; caggal ɗaɓɓaande keewnde nde o heɓaani (ina heen ngam heɓde posto janngingol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'', [[Lagos]]), o jaɓi ɗaɓɓaande jom jawdi en [[Gana|Ganaa]] biyeteeɗo Alfred Ocansey ngam wonde gardiiɗo sosɗo jaaynde wiyeteende ''African Morning Post'', jaaynde hesere ñalnde kala to [[Accra]], [[Gana|Ganaa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-01-07|title=Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://thenigerianhistory.wordpress.com/dr-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|website=our history|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; O rokkaama junngo ngam dogginde jaaynde ndee, o ƴetti gollotooɓe mum heewɓe e asliiji ɗii.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Azikiwe winndi &quot;''The Inside Stuff by'' Zik&quot;, deftere nde o winndi e nder mum ko fayti e ngenndiyaŋkaagal radikal e manngu ɓaleejo, ko ɗum addani won e kulhuli e nder dingiral koloñaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African graduate of Lincoln creates stir in his native land|date=22 August 1936|work=New Journal and Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko o editor, o ƴelliti ajendaaji ngenndiyaŋkooɓe daraniiɓe [[Afrik]].&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuri Smertin siftinii binndol makko ngol ko, &quot;binndanɗe cemmbinɗe e haalaaji renndo ɗi cemmbini njuɓɓudi koloñaal gonndi ndii : keeri hakke Afriknaaɓe hollirde miijooji mum en, e njiyaagu njiyaagu&quot;. Yuri kadi ñiŋii ɓeen Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e ‘elite’ renndo koloñaal, yiɗɓe jogaade njuɓɓudi gonndi ndii, nde tawnoo ɓe njiyri ɗum ko « tuugnorgal wellitaare maɓɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://thenigerianhistory.wordpress.com/dr-nnamdi-azikiwe/|date=2013-01-07|website=our history|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nder dumunna mo Azikiwe woni e Accra, o yahri yeeso e filosof makko [[Afrik]] keso mo o ƴeewti caggal ɗuum e nder deftere makko, [[Afrik]] Renas50&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Long awaited Zik's Day preps in Anambra|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/11/14/long-awaited-ziks-day-preps-in-anambra/|date=2019-11-14|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E nder miijo filosof, Azikiwe wiyi wonde « ko leydi ɗo Afriknaaɓe ceertata e leƴƴi e laamuuji gaadanteeji, mbaylee e kuule filosof joy : ballondiral ruuhu, ƴellitaare renndo, pellital faggudu, ndimaagu hakkille e ngenndiyaŋkaagal risorgimento ». Azikiwe ronkaani politik Gold Coast, kadi jaaynde ndee ina wallita lannda Mambii nokku oo.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=41}} ''The Post'', jaaynde nokkuure ndee yaltinii winndannde ñalnde 15 mee 1936, &quot;Mbele Afriknaajo ina jogii Alla?&quot; ko [[I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson]], e Azikiwe (hono winndiyanke) ñaawaama sabu fitinaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; O fuɗɗii ko ñaaweede, o ñaawaa lebbi jeegom kasoo. E dow fenaande makko, Zik hollitii, &quot;so tawii ko mi kuutorgal daɗndo ngal imperiyaalisma e nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange foti luulndaade e liɓde, kadi so tawii e nder ndeeɗoo njillu miɗo foti yoɓde njoɓdi ɓurndi toowde, ndeen alaa ko haani mi diwde walla mi diwta. Miɗo wondi e hoolaare ñalnde kala wonde the ''New'' restinality ina waawi wonde les [[Afrik]] keso oo stem it. Hay maayde am waawaa jokkude kristal mum.&quot; Caggal ɗuum o woppitaa e Ñaawirde Toownde [[Afrik]] Hirnaange.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe and the vision of a united Africa|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/magazine/politicalreforms/Nnamdi-Azikiwe-and-the-vision-of-a-united-Africa/1843776-5116596-15o8e3tz/index.html|website=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Nnamdi Azikiwe in Office, 1937.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe e nder biro mum, hitaande 1937]]
Azikiwe warti [[Lagos]] nder hitaande 1937, o sosi jaaynde wiyeteende ''West African Pilot'', jaaynde nde o huutortoo ngam ɓamtude ngenndiyaŋkaagal e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], fedde Zik ''Group'' sosi jaayndeeji jowitiiɗi e toɓɓe politik e faggudu e nder gure teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndii fof.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Uche|first1=Luke Uka|title=Mass Media, People, and Politics in Nigeria|date=1989|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaaynde ɓurnde mawnude e fedde ndee ko ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo, nde huutorii ko konngol [[Dante Alighieri]] « Hollit annoore, yimɓe ɓee keɓata laawol » ngam waɗde heen konngol mum. Binndanɗe goɗɗe ko ''Defender'' [[Naajeeriya]] Fombinaari ummoriiɗo Warri (caggal mum [[Ibadan]]), Gardiiɗo Fuɗnaange (sosaaɗo e hitaande 1940, yaltinaa to Port Harcourt), e Kaaloowo [[Naajeeriya]] to [[Onitsha]].{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=204}} Ko e hitaande 1944, fedde ndee heɓti deftere [[Dusé Mohamed Ali]] wiyeteende La Comète. Jaaynde Azikiwe ko njulaagu, kadi ko kuutorgal ngam politik e wallitde.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=195}} ''Pilot'' oo ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e yeeyde ko ɓuri heewde ko e ''circulation'', ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu firms expatriés ɓuri waawde faggudu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=199}} Jaayɗe Azikiwe keewɗe teeŋtinii sensationalisme e daartol nafoore aadee ; ''the Pilot'' nastini yewtere fijirle e ta'irde rewɓe, ɓesdi yewtere dow kuuɗe [[Naajeeriya]] to ɗum hawti bee limngal limngal limngal limngal limngal ''Daily Times'' (ngal teddini limngal limngal yimɓe lesdi feere e limngal lesdi feere).{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=200}} Doggol Pilot gadanol ngol ko 6 000 ekkol ñalawma kala ; e tolno mum ɓurɗo mawnude e hitaande 1950, nde ina yaltina ko ina tolnoo e 20 000 ekkol.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=203}} Azikiwe sosi gollorɗe njulaagu goɗɗe (hono Banke Kontinental [[Afrik]] e Restoran Penny) e oon sahaa, o huutorii jaayɗe makko ngam yeeyde ɗe.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=42}}

Ko adii wolde adunaare ɗimmere, ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-11-29|title=The Sage and his Jewel: A society wedding in Ikenne Remo, By Tayo Agunbiade|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/568055-the-sage-and-his-jewel-a-society-wedding-in-ikenne-remo-by-tayo-agunbiade.html|access-date=2022-12-26|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; yiytaa ko no kaayitaaji etaade mahde tuugnorgal cirkulaasiyoŋ wonaa radikal peeñɗo. Editorialji ɓataake oo e yeewtere politik ndee ina teeŋtini tooñanngeeji baɗeteeɗi e [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]], e ñiŋde njuɓɓudi koloñaal e ballal miijooji eliteeji jannguɓe to [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=42}} Kono, e hitaande 1940, waylo-waylo seeɗa-seeɗa waɗi. No o waɗiri e jaaynde ''African Morning Post'' nii, Azikiwe fuɗɗii winndude lowre wiyeteende &quot;''Inside Stuff''&quot;, nde o etotoo sahaa e sahaa fof ƴellitde hakkillaaji politik.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=221}}Editorialuuji jaaynde ndee ina noddi jeytaare [[Afrik]], haa teeŋti noon caggal nde dille jeytaare Inndo ummii.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=221}} Hay so tawii kaayitaaji ɗii ina mballita Angalteer e nder wolde nde, ɗi ñiŋii peeje ustude ngalu ko wayi no ƴellitde cogguuli e ustude njoɓdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;lifeandtimesnews.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-4/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Sun News|date=2017|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1943, Diiso Angalteer (Conseil britannique) wallitii rewooɓe [[Afrik]] worgo 8 (ina heen Azikiwe), kanko e rewooɓe 6 woɗɓe ɓe kuutoriima fartaŋŋe ngam humpitaade jeytaare politik potnde waɗeede. Jaayndiyankooɓe ɓee ciifi ɓataake ngam ɗaɓɓude peeje moƴƴe renndo-politik seeɗa-seeɗa, tawa ina jeyaa heen ittugol njuɓɓudi koloñaal korona, wakilaagu diiwaanuuji e jeytaare koloñaaluuji [[Afrik]] hirnaange Angalteer e hitaande 1958 walla 1960.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=220}} ''Memorandum'' oo, biro koloñaal oo yejjiti ɗum, ɗum ɓeydi fitinaaji Azikiwe.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=233}}

Omo jogii nafoore mawnde e jaayɗe ko ina tolnoo e 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] njiylotoo. Binndanɗe Azikiwe ko faati e ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Afrik]], mawnikinaare ɓaleeɓe e doole mum en, njibinii politikaaji koloñaal en heewɓe, naftorii [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] heewɓe ŋakkiraaɓe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|website=DREAM WORLD PIONEERS VENTURES|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804162946/http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaayɗe Fuɗnaange [[Afrik]] ina keewi yaltude e ɗemngal [[Suwahili]], so wonaa jaayɗe kabaruuji ko wayi ''no East African Standard''. Azikiwe wayliima no feewi e nder jaayɗe [[Afrik]] worgo, hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore. E hitaande 1950, jaayɗe joy ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe [[Afrik]] toppitii e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange (ina heen jaaynde Nigerian Daily Times) ɓuri ''Pilot'' yeeyde. Ñalnde 8 [[lewru]] juko hitaande 1945, laamu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] haɗi Azikiwe ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] hirnaange e ''Daily Comet'' ngam hollirde ko boni e humpitooji ko faati e seppo mawngo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist|work=The Journalist|url=https://www.thejournalist.org.za/pioneers/nnamdi-azikiwe-african-philosopher-scholar-and-eminent-journalist|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe hay so jaɓii ɗum, o jokki e yaltinde binndanɗe ko faati e seppo ngoo e nder jaaynde wiyeteende ''Guardian'' (jaaynde makko Port Harcourt). O ardii seppo mawngo e hitaande 1945, o woni hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] fuɗnaange gila 1954 haa 1959.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi {{!}} Infoplease|url=https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/asia-africa/african-bios/azikiwe-benjamin-nnamdi|website=www.infoplease.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kitaale 1960, caggal jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ''Pilot'' ngenndiijo [[Afrik]] hirnaange ina teskaa e fuɗnaange. Azikiwe ƴettii faandaare teeŋtunde e pelle politik ɗe njiɗnoo ko ittude. O ñiŋaama e fedde [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] en sabu huutoraade jaaynde makko ngam haɗde luulndaade miijooji makko. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde The New York Times wiyi wonde o &quot;toowiima e geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder [[Afrik]], o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teskeede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Times&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=French|first1=Howard W.|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=8 November 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=14 May 1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Azikiwe and Zungur in London 1949.png|thumb|Azikiwe e [[Sa'adu Zungur]] to Londres (1949)]]

== Azikiwe olle politik ==
wonti golloowo e nder fedde sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]] (NYM), fedde ngenndiyaŋkoore arandeere e nder leydi ndi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-05-03|title=The Nigerian Youth Movement (1934–1951)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/nigerian-youth-movement-1934-1951/|access-date=2022-12-26|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so tawii o walliino [[Samuel Akisanya]] ngam wonde kanndidaa NYM ngam heɓde jooɗorde wootere e nder Diiso sarɗiiji e hitaande 1941, tawi diiso doosɗe suɓiima [[Ernest Ikoli]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Sklar 2004 53–54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=53–54|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe wurtini NYM, o tuumi ardungal ɓurngal ɗuuɗugo nder Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama yimɓe Ijebu-Yoruba'en e Igbo'en. Won e terɗe Ijebu ndewi e makko, pecci dille ɗee e laabi leƴƴi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sklar 2004 53–542&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=53–54|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; O naati nder siyaasaaku, o sosi kawtal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e lesdi [[Kamerun|Kameruun]] (NCNC) bee [[Herbert Macaulay]] nder hitaande 1944. Azikiwe laati hooreejo kawtal ngal nder hitaande 1946. NCNC hawti bee lanndaaji lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], kawtal fina-tawaa, e kawtal kuugal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], Kawtal Rewbe Demokaraasi [[Naajeeriya]] ekn lannda woni lannda siyaasa tataɓal sosaangal nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]] ɓaawo lannda ''Democratic National'' [[Naajeeriya]] (kañum ne sosi ɗum [[Herbert Macaulay]]), e Mouvement Sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]]. Terɗe lannda kaa teeŋtuɗe ina njeyaa heen; [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti|Fumilayo Ransome-Kuti]], [[M.I.Okpara]], J.O. Fadahunsi, [[Eyo Ita]], [[Margaret Ekpo]], [[Raymond Njoku]], F.S. McEwen, [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]],[[Timote Paul Birabi]], A.K. Blankson, [[Dennis Osadebay|Denis Osadebay]], e [[TOS Benson]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=57–58|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tuumeede fedde ===
Sabu ballal Azikiwe e seppo mawngo e [[lewru]] suwee 1945 e njanguuji makko e laamu koloñaal, bayyinaango ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] hirnaange dartinaama ñalnde 8 sulyee ndeen hitaande.&lt;ref name=&quot;DR. BENJAMIN NNAMDI AZIKIWE&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://ilanssenyange.wixsite.com/ilannews/single-post/2017/11/10/DR-BENJAMIN-NNAMDI-AZIKIWE|website=ilannews|date=10 November 2017|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; O yetti liggotooɓe seppooɓe ɓee e hooreejo maɓɓe, [[Michael Imoudu]], o tuumi laamu koloñaal ina huutoroo liggotooɓe.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} E [[lewru]] ut, jaaynde ndee jaɓaama fuɗɗaade yaltude.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=255}} E nder seppo ngo, Azikiwe ummini alarm ko faati e peeje warngooji ɗi yimɓe ɓe nganndaaka, gollotooɓe e innde laamu koloñaal.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} Daartol makko e tuumeede ko mesaas wireless mo jaayndiyanke ''Pilot'' nanngi.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=200}} Caggal nde o heɓi mesaas mo o taƴi oo, Azikiwe naati suuɗde to [[Onitsha]]. ''Pilot'' yaltinii binndanɗe yurmeende e sahaa nde o alaa, kadi Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe ina ngoongɗini daartol warngo ngoo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-11-16|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: A True National Hero|url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/nnamdi-azikiwe-a-true-national-hero/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-09-11|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nwafor|first=Emmanuel Mordi|date=2018|title=The role of the press in the democratic process: The example of Nigeria's First Republic, 1960–1966|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328234488|journal=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lowre Azikiwe, e cirƴam jaayndeeji makko, ɓeydii e ooɗoo sahaa. Tuume ɗee ina cikki won e Naajeeriyankooɓe, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o waɗi ɗe ngam ɓamtude darnde makko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nwafor|first=Emmanuel Mordi|date=2018|title=The role of the press in the democratic process: The example of Nigeria's First Republic, 1960–1966|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328234488|journal=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sikke alaa ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko politikaaji Yoruba en ummoriiɓe e fedde sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]], ko ɗum waɗi luural hakkunde pelle ɗee e hare jaayndeeji hakkunde ''Pilot'' Azikiwe e ''Daily Service NYM.''
[[File:Members of Zikist Movement.jpg|thumb|Terɗe fedde Zikist en]]

=== Diɗɗal Zikist en ===
Sukaaɓe ɓee kawri ngam haɓaade laamu koloñaal Angalteer. Gooto e fedde sukaaɓe hono ndee ko Zikist en. Diɗɗal sukaaɓe ngal alaa ko bonnata – e gardagol Kolawole Balogun, [[Raji Abdallah]], [[Osita Agwuna]], [[M. C. K. Ajuluchukwu]] e Abiodun Aloba – sosaa ko e hitaande 1946 ngam daranaade nguurndam Azikiwe e miijooji mum laamu hoore mum.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-06-14|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=262}}Kola Balogun woni hooreejo gadano dillere Zikist en. E lewru feebariyee 1946, Balogun neldi noddaango fotde sukaaɓe 20 to [[Lagos]], ngam naamnaade miijo maɓɓe e geɗe ngenndiije. E nder capanɗe ɗiɗi ɗee, sappo e ɗiɗo njaabiima, ɗum addani sosde Diɗɗal Zikist, nde tawnoo ɓeen worɓe ngontii terɗe sosɗe maggal. [[Nwafor Orizu]] sinci helmere 'Zikism' diga Azikiwe nde laati innde diina man.&lt;ref name=&quot;Olusanya-1966&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Olusanya|first=G. O.|date=November 1966|title=The Zikist Movement—a Study in Political Radicalism, 1946–50|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-modern-african-studies/article/abs/zikist-movementa-study-in-political-radicalism-194650/827C21945CCED6CADD67EE7FDB230159|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|language=en|volume=4|issue=3|pages=323–333|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00013501|issn=1469-7777|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; O wonaa tergal e dillere nde kono ko o sehil ɓadiiɗo e jiɗɗo Azikiwe, kadi omo jeyaa e sukaaɓe heewɓe ɓe Azikiwe doolni ngam janngude to [[Amerik]], e sara [[Eyo Ita]] e [[K. O. Mbadiwe|KO Mbadiwe]]. [[Raji Abdallah]] wonti hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo fedde Zikist, caggal nde Balogun ummii [[Londres]], o golliima gila 1948 haa 1949. O waɗii nafoore mawnde e heɓde ballal to bannge worgo e jeyeede e fedde nde. Abdallah e Osita Agwuna (jaagorde makko) ko ɓooyaani koo mbaɗi fedde wiyeteende “Anti-''Colour Bar'' Mouvement” (ACBM) to [[Kano]], fedde nde ina luulndii njiyaagu seerndude ɓaleeɓe e ɓaleeɓe e nder leydi Nijeer. ACBM caggal mum fusi e nder fedde Zikist ɓurnde mawnude.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iweriebor-1993&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Iweriebor|first=Ehiedu Emmanuel Goodluck|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cu3-twEACAAJ|title=Radical Nationalism in Nigeria: The Zikist Movement and the Struggle for Liberation, 1945-1950|date=1993|publisher=U.M.I.|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; No Balogun nii, e hitaande 1948, Abdallah riiwaa e golle mum e nder sarwiis jaayndeeji Kano, sarwiis jaayndeeji rajooji. Ko riiwtude mo addani mo ɓeydaade jokkondirde e Mouvement Zikist. O riiwaa sabu naatgol makko e dillere Zikist ina sikkaa ko politik ɓurɗo laaɓtude wonande golloowo laamu.

Abdallah ñaawaa caggal mum ñalnde 7 noowammbar 1948 to Ñaawirde Toownde [[Lagos]], ɗo o waɗi konngol, o wiyi nii, &quot;Ɗum ko ñalawma teeŋtuɗo no feewi. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude, ma a taw e nder daartol leydi men. Miɗo noddira ɗum ko ɓuri teeŋtude sabu ko hannde pot-ɗen fellitde, mbele eɗen poti anndude hol ko foti wonde freemen walla alaa?&quot; &quot;Miɗo yiɗi Union Jack e ɓernde am fof. Sabu so wonaa e nder leydi Angalteer, ɗo yahrata fof; woɗɗi hawrude, ina renndini yimɓe ɓee. Mi alaa ko njogiimi e laamɗo George VI mo Angalteer. Kono miɗo yiɗi ''Crown'' leydi Angalteer e ɓernde am fof. Ngam miin e banndiraaɓe am, ko maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, ko juuti e inige petition. En njaltii e duuɓi dipolomasi. Ko ɗum waɗi, miɗo ɗoo jamma, ngam noddirde spade ko spade, e machete ko machete.&quot; &quot;Hande, min, Habibu Raji Abdallah, bee mo'ere Allah, hooreejo lesdi Zikist ''Movement'' e ''Field'' Secretary NCNC, mi ɗon anndina hoore am mi ɓii lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] jeytaare e jeytaare. Mi walaa gooŋgaaku haa kala laamu jananndu, nden boo nder walaa' laamu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e heforth ngam yimɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]; haani ɗooftaade kala sariya, ko wonaa sariyaaji ɓiɗɓe leydi [[Najeriyaagal|Najeriya]], aadaaji e sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=The labour of our heroes past… (II)|url=https://dailytrust.com/the-labour-of-our-heroes-past-ii/|access-date=2026-06-21|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko ɗum waɗi, mi yoɓataa njoɓdi ndii e ooɗoo laamu.Ngam so a yoɓii, ɓe kuutortoo ko kaalis ngam duumaade njiimaandi maɓɓe e dow maa.&quot;[citation needed] E dow ñaawoore makko, o jaabtii e mitigation ''Greggcitation'', ''presitation'',&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=The labour of our heroes past… (II)|url=https://dailytrust.com/the-labour-of-our-heroes-past-ii/|access-date=2026-06-21|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;so tawii aɗa gooŋɗini e goonga wonde ko bonannde haɓaade ndimaagu, ndeen noon, e kala sahaa, ñaaw am haa mi wara. So tawiino miɗo woppitee hannde, mi waawaa rokkude hoolaare ngam muusde ɗemngal am. Miin noon, ɓernde am ina laaɓi, miɗo weltii e accude ñaawoore sakkitiinde nde So rifatho, the fuverill to weltaare waɗɓe ma ɗoo mi acca ñaawoore sakkitiinde ndee e Alla.”

&lt;ref name=&quot;Iweriebor-19932&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Iweriebor|first=Ehiedu Emmanuel Goodluck|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cu3-twEACAAJ|title=Radical Nationalism in Nigeria: The Zikist Movement and the Struggle for Liberation, 1945-1950|date=1993|publisher=U.M.I.|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Oluwagbemi|first=Ayodele|date=2016-02-14|title=Remembering the Zikist Movement|url=https://punchng.com/remembering-the-zikist-movement/|access-date=2024-04-02|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Enesi|first=Prince H.|date=2017-01-01|title=HABIB RAJI ABDALLAH, 1920 - 1982: AN UNCOMMON NATIONALIST FORGOTTEN IN THE SANDS OF HISTORY|url=https://www.academia.edu/38424995|journal=International Journal of Arts and Humanities}}&lt;/ref&gt; Konnguɗi makko lolluɗi ɗii njahdi ko caggal keeri leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ɗi njaɓaa ko e lannda leƴƴi kawral (CPP) mo [[Kwame Nkrumah]] to Cote d’Or (hannde [[Gana|Ganaa]]). Laamu koloñaal jaɓaani moƴƴere e les njiimaandi rewolison e nulal Abdallah. Ko ɗum waɗi Abdallah e ardiiɓe fedde Zikist en nayo nanngaa, ɓe tuumaama ko ɓe fitinaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;Olusanya-19662&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Olusanya|first=G. O.|date=November 1966|title=The Zikist Movement—a Study in Political Radicalism, 1946–50|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-modern-african-studies/article/abs/zikist-movementa-study-in-political-radicalism-194650/827C21945CCED6CADD67EE7FDB230159|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|language=en|volume=4|issue=3|pages=323–333|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00013501|issn=1469-7777|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndeeɗoo ƴaañgal e ardorde Zikist en addani njuɓɓudi goɗndi e nder Diɗɗal Zikist en, addani Nduka Eze yaltude hooreejo leydi, caggal nde Abdallah sokaa, Mokwugo Okoye wonti sekreteruuji mawɗi. Zikist en, e nder yontaaji, njaltii e NCNC, ɓuri ngenndiyaŋkooɓe e njuɓɓudi jibinannde mum en. Ofiseeji koloñaal en njiyri dille Zikist en ko renndo ngo rewaani laawol, ɓe njaltini yamiroore (''Order-in-Council''), ɓe kaɗi dille Zikist en ñalnde 12 abriil 1950. Caggal ɗuum fedde nde fusi, terɗe mayre mbayli e politik, e njulaagu, e laamu aadaaji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-08-01|title=Remembering Raji Abdullah, Northern Leader Of The Zikist Movement – Igbo Defender|url=https://igbodefender.com/remembering-raji-abdullah-northern-leader-zikist-movement/|access-date=2024-04-02|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-08-01|title=Remembering Raji Abdullah, Northern Leader Of The Zikist Movement – Igbo Defender|url=https://igbodefender.com/remembering-raji-abdullah-northern-leader-zikist-movement/|access-date=2024-04-02|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Luulndaade doosgal leydi Richards ===
E hitaande 1945, guwerneer leydi Biritaan biyeteeɗo [[Arthur Richards]] hollitii eɓɓooje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi [[Clifford shaw|Clifford]] ɗe hitaande 1922.&lt;ref name=&quot;lifeandtimesnews.com2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-4/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Sun News|date=2017|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndee ɓeydugol terɗe [[Afrik]] toɗɗaaɗe e Diiso sarɗiiji. Kono waylooji ɗii ko ngenndiyankooɓe hono Azikiwe luulndii ɗum en.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|website=DREAM WORLD PIONEERS VENTURES|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804162946/http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Politiyankooɓe NCNC njaɓaani kuule ɗe [[Arthur Richards]] ƴetti, kam e kuulal doosgal leydi ndi ina ɗaɓɓi terɗe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] nay cuɓaaɗe tan ; heddiiɓe ɓee maa ngona kanndidaaji toɗɗaaɗi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seng|first=Michael P.|date=1985|title=Democracy in Nigeria|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qk5d1h9|journal=National Black Law Journal|volume=9|issue=2|pages=144–166|via=escholarship.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kanndidaaji [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] toɗɗaaɗi ɗii ko lolluɓe laamu koloñaal, tee ɓe njiɗaa laamu hoore maɓɓe e dow fenaande. Daartol luulndo ngoɗngol ko ŋakkeende nafoore ngam yahrude yeeso [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] e jappeere laamu toownde. NCNC ina hebli ngam haɓaade haala mum e laamu kesu nguu, hono [[Clement Attlee]] to leydi Angalteer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Clement Attlee and union links|url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/themes/clement-attlee-union-links.htm|last=The National Archives|website=NationalArchives.gov.uk|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaɓɓungal leydi ndi fuɗɗii ngam humpitaade ko woni e lannda ka, e dañde kaalis ngam seppo leydi Angalteer.{{sfn|Olusanya|1964|p=246}}Hooreejo lannda NCNC, [[Herbert Macaulay]] maayi e nder njillu ngu, Azikiwe ƴetti ardaade lannda ka. O ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo haa Londres, ngam heblude njillu nguu, o yahi [[Amerik]] ngam ɗaɓɓude yurmeende e haala lannda kaa. Azikiwe hawri e [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] to [[Hyde Park]], o haali ko fayti e &quot;rimɗinde leydi [[Naajeeriya]] e maccungaagu politik, ŋakkeende kisal faggudu e ŋakkeende renndo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe {{!}} Nationalism and Decolonization|url=https://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/nationalism-and-decolonization/nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-13|website=Nigerian Scholars|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Delegaasiyoŋ Angalteer ina jeyaa heen Azikiwe, [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]], Zanna Dipcharima, [[Abubakar Olorun-Nimbe|Abubakar Olorunimbe]], P. M. Kale, Adeleke Adedoyin e Nyong Essien. Ɓe njilliima Biro Kolonial Fedde Fabian, Goomu Laamɗo Gollotooɓe e Dental Almudɓe [[Afrik]] Hirnaange ngam humpitaade eɓɓooji mum ngam waylude doosɗe leydi 1922. Ina jeyaa e eɓɓooje NCNC, jokkondirde e [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] ko faati e waylooji doosɗe leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ɓeydude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo e ustude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji hakkundeejo to bannge difagol, kaalis e geɗe caggal leydi.{{sfn|Olusanya|1964|p=247}} Delegaasiyoŋ oo yettinii eɓɓaaɗe mum to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe koloñaal, kono ko seeɗa tan waɗi ngam waylude eɓɓaaɗe Richards. Doosgal Richards fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1947, Azikiwe haɓa e gooto e jooɗorɗe [[Lagos]] ngam leeltinde golle mum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-13|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Stamp Cameroons 2d-600px.jpg|thumb|Tammborde Naajeeriya hitaande 1953]]

=== Duuɓi 1950 haa 1953 ===
E nder doosgal leydi Richards, Azikiwe suɓaama e nder Diisnondiral Legislatif e nder wooteeji municipaal [[Lagos]] ummoraade e lannda Demokaraasi ngenndiijo (fotde NCNC).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-4/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2017|access-date=2020-05-30|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kanko e wakiliijo lannda makko ɓe tawtoraaka batu gadano diisnondiral ngal, kadi agitaasiyoŋ ngam waylude doosgal leydi Richards addani doosgal leydi [[Macpherson]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|website=DREAM WORLD PIONEERS VENTURES|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804162946/http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Doosgal Macpherson fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1951, hono no doosgal Richards nii, noddi wooteeji e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo. Azikiwe saliima waylooji ɗii, o haɓanaaki fartaŋŋe waylude doosgal leydi kesal ngal.

Wooteeji limtaaɗi mbaɗaama tuggi lewru ut haa lewru desaambar 1951.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The 1951 elections: How Awolowo forced Azikiwe out of western Nigeria|url=https://businessday.ng/columnist/article/the-1951-elections-how-awolowo-forced-azikiwe-out-of-western-nigeria/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Adekoya|first=Dr. Remi|date=2019|newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; To Diiwaan Hirnaange (ɗo Azikiwe darinoo ɗoo), lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɓuri heen heewde : NCNC mo Azikiwe e Goomu golle. Woote Asaambele diiwaan Hirnaange mbaɗaama e lewru suwee e desaambar 1951 sabu doosgal leydi ndii ina ɗaɓɓi e kollirɗe woote ngam suɓaade terɗe suudu sarɗiiji ngenndi ; ko ɓuri heewde e ''Action Group'' e nder suudu nduu ina waawi haɗde Azikiwe yahde suudu sarɗiiji.&lt;ref&gt;Onyioha, K.O.K. |date=20 November 1951|&quot;Ben Azikiwe key figure in long Nigerian poll&quot;, ''Philadelphia Tribune'' (1912–2001).&lt;/ref&gt; O heɓi jooɗorde asamblee diiwaan oo gila [[Lagos]], kono lannda luulndo ngoo wiyi ina jogii ɓural e nder suudu sarɗiiji, Azikiwe kadi daranaaki [[Lagos]] e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde. E hitaande 1951, o wonti hooreejo luulndo laamu [[Obafemi Awolowo]] to suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan hirnaange. Azikiwe suɓaaka e nder batu ngenndi, waɗii jiiɓru e nder hirnaange.{{sfn|Olusanya|1964|p=303}} Nanondiral hakkunde terɗe NCNC cuɓaaɗe ummoriiɗe [[Lagos]] ngam woppude Azikiwe so tawii o suɓaaka, yanii. Azikiwe tuumi doosgal leydi, o yiɗi ko waylooji mbaɗee. NCNC (mo jiimi e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange) jaɓi, e ƴettude peeje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi.{{sfn|Olusanya|1964|pp=303–305}}

Azikiwe ummiima to Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1952&lt;ref name=&quot;pulse.ng&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=A brief walk into the life of Nigeria's first president|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nnamdi-azikiwe-a-brief-walk-into-the-life-of-nigerias-first-president/5e2yhtv|date=2017-09-20|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe and the vision of a united Africa -II|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/magazine/politicalreforms/Nnamdi-Azikiwe-and-the-vision-of-a-united-Africa--II/1843776-5126270-hfst7u/index.html|website=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; e batu diiwaan mo NCNC ɓuri heewde oo waɗi eɓɓooje ngam jaɓɓaade mo. Hay so tawii jaagorɗe diiwaan e hakkundeeje lannda kaa ɗaɓɓiraama yo njokku laamu e nder mbayliigu kabine, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe njaɓaani ɗaɓɓaande ndee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Political Public and Difference: The Case of Nigeria|url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/12875/1/nq41018.pdf|last=Ejobowah|first=John Boye|date=1999|website=tspace.library.utoronto.ca|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndeen asaambele diiwaan oo waɗii woote ngam waasde hoolaade jaagorɗe ɗee, kadi kuule appropriation neldaaɗe to ministeer oo njaɓaaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;DR. BENJAMIN NNAMDI AZIKIWE2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://ilanssenyange.wixsite.com/ilannews/single-post/2017/11/10/DR-BENJAMIN-NNAMDI-AZIKIWE|website=ilannews|date=10 November 2017|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗum addani diiwaan hee ŋakkere, lietnaa-guwerneer oo fusi galle diiwaan oo. Woote kese ngartiri Azikiwe e wonde tergal Asammbele Fuɗnaange. O suɓaama hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], nden o laati hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nder hitaande 1954 nde ɗum warti kawtal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]].

== Premier diiwaan Fuɗnaange ==
Azikiwe wonti hooreejo leydi diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1954 caggal nde doosgal kesal waɗtaa e golle. Komisiyoŋ faggudu diiwaan Fuɗnaange Azikiwe gollondirii e Orop e [[Amerik]] worgo ngam wallitde ƴellitaare e nder diiwaan hee, e nder njulaagu, e nder njulaagu nebam leɗɗe, e nder njamndi e kemikal e nder diiwaan hee. O mahii sosiyetee semmbe Nijeer lolluɗo to Nkalagu e nder diiwaan [[Ebonyi, Ebonyi State|Ebonyi]] hannde oo, o fuɗɗii golle ñalnde 1 [[lewru]] Yarkomaa hitaande 1955. O mahii gaas Nijeer. O sosi kadi sosiyetee gadano e nder leydi Nijeer, biyeteeɗo Niger Steel. O sosi banke ɓiɓɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] arandeejo, Banke [[Afrik]] (ACB). Ummingo ACB waɗi ngomnati Hirnaange lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] sosde Banki lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], ngomnati woylaare lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] darni banki woylaare. ACB ina waɗi nafoore e feeñde e fedde njulaagu mawnde to Fuɗnaange gila e kitaale 1950. Banki oo kadi waɗii geɗe keewɗe e ƴellitaare gonnooɗo Biafrannaaɓe e darnugol hareeji e hitaande 1970. O sosi porogaraam jaŋde baawɗo rokkude leydi [[Naajeeriya]] wontude leydi ɓurndi yaajde e yeeyde jaŋde caggal leydi e nder [[Afrik]].

Azikiwe sosi fedde ƴellitaare fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]], nde waɗii darnde mawnde e mahngo duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya]] to [[Nsukka]], duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde gadanal e nder leydi ndi, ngal timmungal, e hitaande 1960. Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya]] sosaa ko ñalnde 18 [[lewru]] Mbooy hitaande 1955, caggal nde sariya ngam sosde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ngal e les njiimaandi Inter- Council Jaŋde e caggal leydi e njuɓɓudi gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele (jooni USAID), J.W. Cook (VC mo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Exeter), Dr John A. Hannah (Hooreejo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Michigan State), e Dr Glen L. Taggart, Deenoowo Porogaraamuuji hakkunde leyɗeele (MSU), ngarii e leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1958. Goomu nguu ƴeewtindiima nokku oo to [[Nsukka]], e wiɗtude no feewi geɗe keewɗe ceertuɗe jowitiiɗe e sosde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde kesal.

Hayre nden waɗaama wakkati juulde jeytaare lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], nde laamiiɗo debbo Alexandra mo Kent, laamiiɗo debbo [[Elizabeth II]], wadi ɗum. Kalaasuuji puɗɗii ko ñalnde 17 oktoobar 1960 e binnditagol 220 almuudo e 13 tergal gollordu jaŋde. Nde laati Jaami'aare arandeere nder [[Naajeeriya]], jaami'aare arandeere nde laamu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] sosi, nden nder hitaande 1963, jaami'aare arandeere hokkata dipolomaaji lesdi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/mission-vision-statement/|title=About Us|website=University Of Nigeria Nsukka}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1957, Azikiwe haaliino e nulaaɓe Angalteer e Naajeeriya e nder batu Lancaster House e hitaande 1957, ɗo doosɗe fedde nde ngam Naajeeriya jeytaare mum feewnaa. Joɗnde nde ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Biritaan ardii, waɗii won e nulaaɓe leydi Najeriya. Ardii dental ngal ko Abubakar Tafawa Balewa mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare, Obafemi Awolowo mo fedde Action, Eyo Ita mo lannda ngenndiijo jeytaare e Ahmadu Bello mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare.

Ñalnde 3 feebariyee 1959, Azikiwe jaɓɓiima Kwame Nkrumah (gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Gana keso toɗɗaaɗo) njillu to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer. O yilli suudu joonde diiwaan fuɗnaange e wondude e wondiiɓe makko, Hon. Jaagorgal ko feewti e geɗe caggal leydi, hono Kodjo Botsio e wasiyaaji ko feewti e geɗe Afrik, hono George Padmore. Nnamdi Azikiwe huutoriima ñalngu nguu, to suudu sarɗiiji fuɗnaange, ngam waɗde konngol teddinoowo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Nkrumah, o siftini no Kwame dartiniri golle Afrik.

Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1959, Azikiwe lomtii Michael Okpara, gardiiɗo diiwaan fuɗnaange. Ñalnde 28 oktoobar 1959, guwerneer seneraal Robertson habrii fusde suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, tawi ina waɗi 184 tergal, tuggi 1 noowammbar 1959, mbele woote jeytaare ina mbaɗee.

Ñalnde 12 desaambar 1959, woote parlemaa mbaɗaama to Nijeer ngam ƴamde 312 jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji. Diɗɗal lesdi Naajeeriya e Kamerun (NCNC) ngal Azikiwe woni arandeere nden heɓi 2,594,577 woote e 89 jooɗorde.

Fedde Awolowo (AG), woni 2ɓo e 1 992, 364 woote e 75 jooɗorde. Kongres yimɓe woylaare lesdi Tafawa Balewa (NPC) woni 3ɓo e 1 922 179 e 148 e nder 312 jooɗorde nder suudu sarɗiiji.

Lanndaaji tati mawɗi ɗi e nder woote ɗee mbaawaano heɓde jooɗorɗe keewɗe ngam sosde laamu. Guverneur général Robertson noddi Tafawa Balewa yo o dañ laamu ngu. Ñalnde 16 desaambar, Ahmadu Bello e Tafawa Balewa etinooma yettaade nanondiral ngam waawde jogaade laamu nguu hakkunde NPC e NCNC. Governor General humpitaama e kawral ngal, ko ɗum waɗi o jaɓi kabine sappo e jeegom mo Balewa suɓii.[111][112]

== Ndimaagu leydi Naajeeriya ==
Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 1960, parlemaa leydi Biritaan ƴetti kuulal jeytaare leydi Najeriya, hitaande 1960, ngal hokki ndimaagu leydi Najeriya. Jamma 30 suwee 1960, laana ndiwoowa British Union Jack jippinaa e kewu mawningol, tawi tedduɓe tawtoraama. Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 1960, laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Alexandra lomtotooɗo laamɗo debbo oo, udditi Parlemaa gadano leydi ndii. Doosgal kesal, sosngal njuɓɓudi fedde nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe cuɓaaɗo e hooreejo leydi kewu sosaa. Laamu kawtal NCNC e NPC woni laamu nde Naajeeriya heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, Sir Tafawa Balewa woni hooreejo leydi ndi, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo Senaa.

Ɓooytaani, Azikiwe lomtii Sir James Robertson, wonti Guwerneer Seneraal gadano e nder leydi ndii. Kono e nder doosɗe leydi Najeriya, guwerneer jeneral ko hooreejo leydi tan. Darnde Guwerneer-General e terɗe Diisnondiral Laamɗo debbo, mbaɗti Azikiwe dow politik lannda. Kabinee hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya arandeere Tafawa Balewa hawti bee; M Johnson, Bukar Dipcharima, Ayo Rosiji, Aja Wachukwu, Kolawole Balogun, e Victor Mukete (Kamerun), Samuel Akintola, Raymond Njoku, Alhaji Ribadu, Kingsley O. Mbadiwe, Festus Okotie-Eboh, e Allaji Inua Wada.[113][14]

Sir Tafawa Balewa waɗii konngol mum to nokku biyeteeɗo Race Course (hannde ko nokku Tafawa Balewa) to Lagos e nder ñalɗi jeytaare leydi ndii. E nder konngol makko o wiyi, &quot;Kewu hannde oo ko ñalngu nguu, ko ñalngu nguu fuɗɗii duuɓi sappo e joyi jooni, ngu yettiima ɗo haaɗi. Ko e manngu laaɓtungu, min mbiyata ko keɓgol Jeytaare men ngol alaa ko nanndi e mum e nder annals daartol. Kala taƴre men nde ina waɗi planfuncelly e dow doosgal men e kaaldigal udditiingal, wonaa tan hakkunde wakili’en denndaangal nafooje ceertuɗe e nder leydi Najeriya kono ko e ballondiral e laamu njuɓɓudi ndi hannde woppi laamu mum.&quot;[115]

== Gomnajo lesdi Naajeeriya ==
Nde ngon-mi suka mi yi’i gite: gite Naajeeriya wonta leydi mawndi e nder duunde Afrik ummotoonde; visions of Nigeria hokkata ndimu haa ɓe nder maccungaaku, e heɓugo laawol demokaraasi ngam ɓe ɗonno lulla nder illusion of security les laamu koloñaal..Miɗo hooli mi hoyɗan koyɗi am nder jam e ɓeydaari cemmbiɗinki yimɓe leydi am Naajeeriya. Motto fedde jeytaare leydi Naajeeriya woni Kawtal e Nuɗɗinki. Miɗo ñaagii nde ndeenten ngootaagu men, ndeentoo goonɗinal men.

— Nnamdi Azikiwe (duuɓi 1960, Londres)[116]

Azikiwe ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, hono Harold Macmillan, wasiyii mo yo lomto Sir James Robertson, e nder njillu makko to Lagos e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1960. Joɗnde Guwerneer-Jeneral fedde nde e nder haala tiitoonde, waɗi mo wakiliijo laamɗo leydi Angalteer to leydi Nijeer. Udditgol Azikiwe e lewru noowammbar 1960, seedtiima yoga e gollodiiɓe makko e nder Atlantik ɓaleejo, won heen ko Martin Luther King Jr. Du Bois, Sirli Graham Du Bois, Ami Jak Garvey, e Joorji S. Suyler.[117] Martin Luther King Jr. hollitii wonde hareeji ndimaagu e nder leydi Nijeer e nder leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ina njogii batte keewɗe e dille jojjanɗe aadee Amerik, o siftini wonde Azikiwe e ardiiɓe Afrik woɗɓe ko &quot;jaambaarooji ɓurɗi lollude e ko ɓuri heewde e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Negro en aduna o.&quot;

Haa timminorde haala maako, Zik wi'i, &quot;min, ɓe mbaawata siftoreede no haanirta nii, min mbaɗi Naajeeriya hannde, ɓe ngaddi ndimu nder leydi men, ɓe ndewi kawtal men bana lenyol&quot;, ko &quot;taariiha hokki yam geɓe mawɗe ngam mi heɓa batte duumotooɗe e ngam wadduki haaje yimɓe men.&quot; O wiyi kadi &quot;mi jogaaki miijo e wellitaare am walla hay kisal walla hay nguurndam e hoore mum, so tawii ko ɗeen ngoni coggu ngu pot-mi yoɓde ngam ardaade ngam hisnude ndimaagu e ngootaagu leydi am.&quot;[118]

Azikiwe tawtoraama batu diiwaan Afrik gadano Fedde Adunaare Golle (OIT), ngu yuɓɓinaa to Lagos, leydi Nijeer e lewru Duujal 1960. Tawtoraama heen: Mr. Johnson, jaagorgal golle leydi Nijeer e hooreejo batu nguu, Mr. Demby, jaagorgal golle leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, e David Director A-G19,[ ILO.19]. E lewru desaambar 1961 Fedde Ameriknaare Pinal Afrik (AMSAC) yuɓɓinii ñalngu mawngu e nder wuro Lagos, to leydi Nijeer. Yimɓe Ameriknaaɓe mawɓe ko wayi no Nina Simone, Langston Hughes, e Lionel Hampton njahii e yahdu AMSAC timmundu ngam semmbinde jokkondiral hakkunde Afriknaaɓe e Ameriknaaɓe/Afriknaaɓe. Ɓe njaɓɓaama e Azikiwe to Lagos.[120]

Ñalnde 17 noowammbar 1961, e nder konngol makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Najeriya to Nsukka, Zik hollitii eɓɓaande mum ngam Najeriya ƴettude doosgal leydi republique tawa ina heddii e tergal Commonwealth. E hitaande 1962, Azikiwe eeriima ardiiɓe Afrik e nder batu Lagos, yo cos fedde dowlaaji Afrik. Koolol Lagos ngol winnditii sarɗiiji eɓɓaaɗi ngam &quot;Fedde hakkunde Afrik e Malagasi&quot; e gardagol Azikiwe. Caggal ɗuum, nde jaɓaa e lewru mee 1963 e Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik.[121]

E hitaande 1963, Azikiwe yamiri gollorde gadane nde Guinness mahi caggal leydi Irlannda e Angalteer to Lagos

== Hooreejo leydi (1963-1966) ==
Leydi Naajeeriya sosaa ko ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa woni gardiiɗo jaagorɗe (hooreejo laamu) e Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo (hooreejo leydi) e hooreejo konu. Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Tafawa Balewa hollitii waylude doosgal leydi ndi 1960 ngam waylude Azikiwe e wonde Guwerneer Jeneral, e waylude tiitoonde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi kewu. Balewa hollitii wonde Azikiwe ina foti innireede hooreejo leydi e nder doosɗe leydi 1963 sabu leydi Naajeeriya meeɗaani yoɓde Dr. Ko zuum wazi, kuulal 157 doosgal leydi Najeriya 1963, tiitoonde mum ko Nnamdi Azikiwe ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, ina winndaa heen &quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe ina foti wonde hooreejo leydi e ñalngu ngu doosgal leydi ndi fuzzii.&quot;[122][123]

Ñalnde 30 lewru Duujal hitaande 1964, wooteeji feddeeji gadani e nder leydi Nijeer gila nde heɓi jeytaare mum. Woote ɗee njoofiima jonte keewɗe sabu luural hakkunde limoore inɗe gonɗe e doggol wooteeji ɗii e doggol binnditagol ngol. Lebbi jeegom caggal wooteeji ɗii, fotde 2 000 neɗɗo maayi e fitinaaji baɗnooɗi e nder diiwaan hirnaange.[124]

=== 1964 kiris e kuudetaa ===
Nigerian Daily Express wi'i nyande 3 mars 1964, &quot;Haa heɓugo ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960, eɓɓoore amin arandeere ngam anndugo ɗuuɗal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya laati kuugal limngal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1962. Hooreejo komitiiru limngal lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati man woni J. J. Warren. Njeñtudi limngal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyon ha Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa salii njeñtudi ndi o woppi Mr. Warren, o yamiri yo o riiwtu e hitaande 1963. Caggal nde o waɗi manipulaasiyoŋ, njeñtudi binnditagol ngol hollitii wonde Fuɗnaange ina les limtaa e miliyoŋaaji 8,5 e nder hitaande 1962 gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii ɓeydii dow limoore ndee haa 65,66 miliyoŋ woote fedde ndee e lewru desaambar 1964 ngaddi caɗeele mawɗe, ruppitii laamu kawral NPC e NCNC. Wooteeji ɗii mbaɗii boykotuuji keewɗi, njulaagu, hulɓinaare, njulaagu e fitinaaji ɗi Azikiwe waɗi haa o salii noddude gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Balewa ngam sosde laamu kesu. Balɗe seeɗa, jokkere enɗam apokaliptik ina jokki e dow leydi ndii haa nde Azikiwe ƴetti konngol e dow doosɗe leydi ndii.[126]

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Azikiwe resi debbo mum gadano biyeteeɗo Flora Azikiwe ñalnde 4 abriil 1936 to Akra, to Cote d’Or nde o woni gardiiɗo jaaynde Afrik subaka. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe nayo, ɓiɗɗo debbo gooto e ɓiɓɓe worɓe tato.

E hitaande 1973 Azikiwe resi debbo mum ɗiɗaɓo Uche Azikiwe nde o yahrata e duuɓi 26. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo.

== Posto hooreejo leydi e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ==
Laamu leydi Najeriya momti diiwanuuji feddeeji nay ɗii ñalnde 24 lewru mbooy hitaande 1966. Won e leƴƴi fuɗnaange fotde 115 neɗɗo mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik ñalnde 28 lewru mbooy-2 lewru juko hitaande 1966 ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966. Fotde 30 neɗɗo mbaraama e hareeji politik to Lagos ñalnde 29 sulyee-1 ut 1966, fotde 250 000 leñol fuɗnaange ndogi ummoraade e diiwaan Fuɗnaange fayde e diiwaan fuɗnaange caggal kuudetaa konu. Lietnaa Kolonel Yakubu Gowon huniima wonde hooreejo laamu konu fedde nde caggal kuudetaa konu, o artiri diiwanuuji fedde ndee nay ñalnde 31 ut 1966. Fotde 2 000 leñol Igbos mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange to4ctober L69 Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, guwerneer konu diiwal fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, anndinii dow diiwal ngal natti jaɓugo Gowon bana hooreejo laamu konu lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 2 mars 1967. Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon hoosi bawɗe timmuɗe bana komandaajo mawdo laamu e hooreejo laamu militaari7 ngam ardungal 1967. Gowon anndini laamu nguu ñalnde 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967. Ojukwu bayyini jeytaare leydi Biafra to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 caggal nde laamu fedde ndee teddinaani nanondiral Aburi.[127]

127 128 129 130 77.

Azikiwe e fuɗɗoode ina wallitnoo Biafra e anndinde ɗum e nder winndere ndee. O huutoriima doole makko politik ngam ardaade delegaasiyoŋ Biafra caggal leydi ngam jaɓde dowla jeytaare. E hitaande 1968, nde o yiyi batte hare ndee, o ñaagii Ojukwu nde o joofnata kaaldigal e Gowon, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Azikiwe woɗɗitii politik caggal wolde. O woniino hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos tuggi 1972 haa 1976. Jokkugol laamu konu e rokkude laamu laamu demokaraasi e hitaande 1979 rokki Azikiwe fartaŋŋe wartaade politik. O naati nder lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1978, o waɗi ɗaɓɓaande ardiiɗo leydi Naajeeriya nde o heɓi nasaraaku nder hitaande 1979 e hitaande 1983. O acci siyaasaaku haa abada ɓaawo kuudetaa konu nder hitaande 1983 nde Muhammadu Buhari ardii

=== Duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ===
Fitinaaji meeɗaay wonde kuutorgal ngal min kuutortoo, minen sosɓe leydi Najeriya, ngam safrude caɗeele politik. E nder aadaaji Angalteer, min kaaldii e Biro Koloñaal ngam jaɓde caɗeele amen ngam ŋakkeende e moƴƴere haala amen ngam laamu hoore mum. Caggal batuuji jeegom doosɗe leydi e hitaande 1953, 1954, 1957, 1958, 1959, e 1960, Angalteer rokkii en hakke ngam tabitinde jeytaare men politik gila 1 oktoobar 1960. Hay gooto e lanndaaji politik leydi Najeriya ɗi meeɗaani ƴettude jeytaare men politik e men happy violed to en meeɗaani jaɓde jeytaare men politik wonde hay toɓɓere ƴiiƴam Angalteer walla Najeriya rufaaka e nder hare men ngenndiire ngam nokku men e naange. Ndee ɗoo hujja daartol addani mi wiyde e yeeso yimɓe fof e nder leydi Najeriya wonde laamu nguu rokkii en laamu hoore mum e dow lowre kaŋŋe. Ko goonga, yonta am ina cemmbina mi, kono geɗe daartol ɗee ko ɗe njiyataa. Miɗo sikki ko ɓuri mettude ko ‘Sukaaɓe Turki’ men pellitii naatnude elemen mbayliigu bonngu e nder politik leydi Najeriya. No ɓe e renndo men fof mbaawirta ustude politikaaji tiiɗɗi, ma a taw nannguɗi, ko politik mo alaa hakkille. Mi jokki bee Seneraal Aguiyi-Ironsi, Ofiisaajo Seneraal Ardiido sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, mo mi faami, jooni o hoosi kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya. Miɗo sakka golle am ngam kala udditgol jam ngam haɗde ƴiiƴam ɓeydaade, ngam weltinde ofiseeji muusɗi ɗii, e artirde sariya e deeƴre. So mi nanii haala makko tan, mi waɗa peeje ngam hootde galle. Ko fayti e am, miɗo jogori warde ardiiɓe men politik e konu ko musiiba ngenndiijo.

— Jaabawol hooreejo leydi Nnamdi Azikiwe e kuudetaa konu gadano, hitaande 1966.[131]

Ñalnde 8 noowammbar 1989, jaayɗe ciifi e fenaande wonde Azikiwe maayii, sabu naamne jaayndiyanke BBC jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko. O artiri o wiyi &quot;mi yaawaani yaltude oo aduna, sabu ko kañum tan woni tagofeere nde nganndu-mi.&quot; E hitaande 1991, Azikiwe yahiino e udditgol nokku Nnamdi Azikiwe to Zungeru, nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, e juuɗe hooreejo leydi Ibraahiima Babangida. E nder ndunngu 1995, o rokki yeewtere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Pennsylvania e gardiiɗo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal.

Azikiwe maayi haa ñalnde 11 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1996, to opitaal janngirde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Enugu caggal nde o rafi ko juuti. O yahrata ko e duuɓi 91. Azikiwe rokkaama wirwirnde dowla e laamu Sani Abacha, caggal fotde jonte ɗiɗi kewuuji ngenndiiji. Ɓanndu makko nawaama e gure keewɗe teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndi ngam sunaare e teddungal. O wirnaa e wuro makko Onitsha ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1996, ñalnde wonnde ñalngu ngu o heɓi duuɓi 92. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde wiyeteende New York Times teskiima,

&quot;O toowii dow geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder Afrik, o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teddineede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko.&quot;[132]

E hitaande 2019, laamu hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari ƴettii golle timminde suudu ndu Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, ndu anndinaama ndu nokkuure nden.[133][134]

== Innde e ndonu daartol ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, ƴaañgal Afrik seediima laamuuji Orop ina peccii Afrik, ina kuutoroo jawdi aadee e tago. Ƴellitaare miijo politik Afrik feeñi ko e anniya yiylaade eɓɓoore miijo jaɓgol hoore mum e ngenndiyaŋkaagal pinal cemmbinngal. Ina jeyaa e daraniiɓe Pan Afrik, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Pilot ndimaagu leydi Nijeer. Nokku Azikiwe nder cosmology Naajeeriya ɗon yaaji haa darnde maako nde o jogi. O rokki ngenndiyaŋkaagal e hare jeytaare maanaa keso. Zik, e oon sahaa to duɗal Hope Waddel, ina anndi miijooji Marcus Garvey ko fayti e Pan-Afrik, teeŋtinoowo doole Afriknaaɓe, e rimɗinde Afrik e juuɗe Afriknaaɓe. Ɗum addani Zik naamnaade laawɗingol koloñaal e nder Afrik, tee ina jeyaa e ko Garvey wiyi ngam rimɗinde Afrik e laamuuji koloñaal. E wakkati nde Naajeeriya woni haa jooni mooɓre diiwalji feere-feere, anndalji e dente nokkuuje, Zik fuɗɗi ƴamɗe ngam heɓugo ndimu Naajeeriya e ngam sosde senngooji ɗi ngalaa lenyol, ɗi ngalaa leƴƴi ngam yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e yidde lesdi maɓɓe.[116][135]

Azikiwe yahiino to Amerik ɗo o janngi e jannginde e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ceertuɗe to Fuɗnaange, o yi’i weeyo ngo njiyaagu e ƴellitaare `Negro' radikal. O heɓi kadi ballal e hooreejo leydi Amerik e teeminannde 19ɓiire, hono James A Garfield, e dow huɗo ngam weltinde njiimaandi politik. Nde o arti e Afrik worgo, ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ngoƴa makko, ko ɗum waɗi, wonaa hare leydi, ngenndiyaŋkoore, kono ko hare winndereyankoore, winndereyankoore ngam leñol ɓaleejo. Ko o gardiiɗo jaaynde African Morning Post to Accra, tuggi 1935 haa 1937, Azikiwe heɓi ɗoon e ɗoon innde sabu jaayndeyaagal makko toowngal `American style' e ñiŋde cuusal makko e njuɓɓudi koloñaal, e ardiiɓe koloñaal kam e ardiiɓe Afrik nokkuuji ɗii. Semmbe makko ina yaaji e nder leyɗeele koloñaal Biritaan en fof, ko kanko woni doole guurɗe won e ardiiɓe Afrik hono Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, Dauda Jawara, Kenneth Kaunda e Milton Obote e woɗɓe.

Jaayndeyaagal Azikiwe kaɓanngal e ƴattooje ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e darnde makko e doole makko, kadi ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e ummital Naajeeriya. Azikiwe sosi fedde jaayndeyaagal wiyeteende Zik Group, nde o sosi e nde o yuɓɓini Pilot West African, nde o inniri « kaayitaaji ngenndiyaŋkooji ñaamooɓe yiite, doolnuɗi, ɓurɗi toowde ». E les njiimaandi Zik Group o wayli golle jaayɗe Afrik hirnaange, o hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore, o yaajtini nafoore makko e jogaade ko ina tolnoo e jaayɗe 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe Afriknaaɓe njiylotoo. Pilot Afrik hirnaange mawni no feewi gila e doggol adanngol ngol 6 000 ekkol ñalnde kala, haa e doggol ko ina ɓura 20 000 ekkol e tolno mum e kitaale 1950.[136][137][138]

Kaayitaaji keertiiɗi ɗi Nnamdi Azikiwe, hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya arandeejo, ɗon mari haaje nder suudu defte maako haa Nsukka, Naajeeriya. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen binndanɗe keertiiɗe, eɓɓaande ciimtol makko, binndanɗe dowla ummoraade e gardagol makko, binndanɗe politik jowitiiɗe e Republique Biafra, kaɓirɗe ummoraade e kampaañ Azikiwe e hitaande 1979 e 1983, kam e defte e jaayɗe seeɗa ɗe keewaani. Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Vanderbilt, e ballal kaalis e porogaraam defte binndaaɗe e nder defterdu UCLA, waɗii ɗeen geɗe dijital ngam sosde mooɓondiral geɗe puɗɗaaɗe jowitiiɗe e jaŋde leydi Najeriya e leydi Biafra [139]. Ndee ɗoo deftere ina heɓoo e dijital rewrude e defterdu UCLA[140]

=== Teddungal ===
Leydi Biritaan : Tergal e Diiso doosɗe leydi Biritaan, ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1960.[141] 

Komanda mawɗo fedde nde (GCFR).[142]

=== Degreeji teddungal ===
Azikiwe heɓi dipolomaaji teddungal 14 ummoraade e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Najeriya, Amerik e Liberiya, teeŋti noon :

Pennsylvanie 1946: Doktoor to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln

Virginia Hirnaange 1947: Doktoor ɓataakeeji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer

Washington, D.C. 1950: Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Howard heɓi Doktoraa mum to bannge sariya

Michigan 1959: Doktoor tedduɗo e sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Michigan[143]

Naajeeriya 1961: Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji (D.Litt.) to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Naajeeriya[144]

Liberiya 1969 : Doktoraa mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Liberiya

Pennsylvanie 1980 : Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji aadee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvanie

Woɗɓe ina mbaɗi dipolomaaji ummoraade e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, UNIZIK, e FUTO.[145]

=== Siftorde e monumndaaji ===

=== Kaalis e tammborɗe posto ===
Natal Azikiwe feeñii e kaalis ₦500 leydi Naajeeriya gila hitaande 2001. Natal makko ina tawee e limlebbi postooji ɗi ɓe peeñnini e hitaande 1964, gila ndeen kadi feeñii e limlebbi goɗɗi.[150]

=== E nder pinal leñol ===
Nguurndam Azikiwe gadana ko kanko winndi, yaltinaa e hitaande 1970, tiitoonde mum ko Odyssey am: nguurndam am.

Laamu leydi Naajeeriya sosi njeenaari Zik, njeenaari ardungal hitaande kala, e hitaande 1995, ngam teddinde Azikiwe.

E hitaande 2006, Ben Obi fuɗɗii yeewtere hitaandeere Zik ngam maayde golle moƴƴe e ndonu Azikiwe.[151]

Filoosofi jaŋde Azikiwe hollitaama e nder filmo binndaaɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya.[152]

E hitaande 2023, Fedde Duke Shomolu yaltinii pijirlooji tuugiiɗi e nguurndam e jamaanu Azikiwe.

Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Michigan State sosi ‘Fedde janngooɓe Afriknaaɓe hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe’ e hitaande 2023, ngam wallitde janngooɓe Afriknaaɓe hakkunde leyɗeele MSU to Afrik ngam wiɗtooji. Njeenaari ndii ko ngam teddinde Azikiwe mo gollodii e jannginooɓe MSU ngam mahde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya) to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya.

=== Teddungal aadaaji ===
Azikiwe naatnaa e renndo Agbalanze Onitsha e innde Nnanyelugo e hitaande 1946, ko ɗum anndinde worɓe Onitsha jogiiɓe golle maantiniiɗe. E hitaande 1962, o wonti mawɗo leydi ɗiɗaɓo (Ndichie Okwa) hono Obi Oziziani.[130] Mawɗo Azikiwe toɗɗaama bana Owelle-Osowa-Anya mo Onitsha nder hitaande 1972, ɗum waɗi mo ardiiɗo ronkaaku arandeejo (Ndichie Ume) nder caltal Igbo nder laamiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya.[107]

== Miijooji politik ==
Zikism; ko miijo politik ɓurngo lollude e Nnamdi Azikiwe, faandaare mum ko ustude hakkillaaji sukaaɓe Afriknaaɓe. E sahaa nde dowlaaji Afrik ngonnoo e les njiimaandi Angalteer, Zik ƴetti filosof mum politik, hono miijo mbayliigu. Canons jowi Zikism woni &quot;Balans Ruuhu&quot;, &quot;Regeneration Sociale&quot;, &quot;Determinism Faggudu&quot;, &quot;Emancipation Mentale&quot;, e &quot;Ummital Politik&quot;. E werlaade annoore ɓurnde laaɓtude e canons, Azikiwe teeŋtinii, &quot;Ko adii fof, mi ƴettii konngol balance spirituel ngam hollirde ndimaagu teskinngu e nder ɓernde, miijo e miijo... Ɗiɗaɓere, mi mahii ƴellitaare renndo ngam hollirde ndimaagu fedde e ndimaagu diisnondiral .. Tataɓol, mi ventured e nder faggudu taprocie so I goongɗini Mi lootii hono ngool ngonka nguurndam determinism faggudu, sabu miɗo gooŋɗini miijo Karl Marx e firo faggudu daartol e nder lewru e nder Afrik fof... Nayaɓol ngol, mi fellitii waɗde yah-ngartaa e nder fannuuji hakkille ... Ko ɗum waɗi mi ƴetti tesis wonde emancipaasiyoŋ hakkille ina haani wonande Afriknaaɓe jannguɓe bonɓe. Joyaɓere ... alaa ko waawi sikkeede e Risorgimento politik Afriknaajo, nde tawnoo wellitaare ɗeen sarɗiiji ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu nguurndam, ndimaagu, e jokkude wellitaare.&quot;

Weltaare Neo; Azikiwe huutoriima pinal Afriknaaɓe e faggudu Afriknaaɓe ko adii koloñaal ngam ƴellitde miijo makko faggudu Neo-Welfarist, o wasiyii eklektisism e pragmatism ngam wonde tuugnorgal filosofi wonande neo-welfarism.[153]

Pragmatisme eklektik; Eklektik-pragmatism wonande Azikiwe ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade haa teeŋti e goongaaji keewɗi fannuuji faggudu e politik. Ko feere etaade yuɓɓinde miijooji nannduɗi e luurondirɗi, wonaa e safrude luural, kono ko e suɓaade e hawrude e ko nafata e ko waawi huutoreede e kala heen ngam heɓde paandaale yiɗde. Nii woni, pragmatisme eklektik ina wayi no ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade caɗeele Afrik e nder ƴeewndorɗe ceertuɗe e teskinɗe ɗe njiylotonoo ɗe.[154]

=== Golle ===
Zik (1961)

Odiseeji am (1971)

Afrik keso (1973)

Liberiyaa e nder politik winndere (1931)

——— (hitaande 1966). Teemedere Ciimtol Ciimtol e Yimre Rt. Hon. Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe. Duɗal njuɓɓudi e karallaagal. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2736-09-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

Sifaa siyaasaaku ngam lesdi Naajeeriya (1943)

Faggudu leydi Naajeeriya (1943)

Zik: Cuɓagol konnguɗi Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe (1961)

Daartol warngo: Goonga walla fenaande? (1946)

Ko adii men ina woodi yanaande udditiinde (1947)

Jaango Pan-Afrik (1961)

Goongaaji ngootaagu Afrik (1965)

Iwdi wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya (1969)

Mi ɗon nuɗɗina Naajeeriya gooto (1969)

Eɓɓooje jam ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya (1969)

Kaaldigal dow Laamorde Kesum ngam Naajeeriya (1974)

Taggol lesɗe ɗuuɗɗe nder Naajeeriya, limngal siyaasaaku (1974)

Demokaraasi e jeertinaango konu (1974)

Reorientaasiyoŋ miijooji Najeriya : yeewtere ñalnde 9 lewru Duujal hitaande 1976, e ñalngu udditgol kaalis dokkal UNN (1976)

Hare men ngam Ndimaagu; Kiriis luumo Onitsha (1976)

Njaafoɗen Ɓiɓɓe Men. Eeraango feewde e ardiiɓe e yimɓe Onitsha e nder caɗeele luumo (1976)

Koolol jimɗi (1977)

Soliloquies wolde nder leydi: Ko ɓuri heewde e jimɗi (1977)

Teemedde e nder miijo renndo e politik Afrik (1978)

Gartirgol Demokaraasi Naajeeriya (1978)

Golle ɓennuɗe ɗe ngalaa nanndo: Jaabawol am e caɗeele mawɗo Awolowo (1979)

Haala ɓernde (1979)

——— (hitaande 1980). Miijo ngam Naajeeriya: Kapitaalisma, Sosiyaalisma walla Weltaare?. Makmilan leydi Nijeer. h. 196. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9789781325212&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

——— (hitaande 1983). Bonannde Hoolaare e NPN.

——— (hitaande 1983). Daartol Maa Ƴeewto Goongɗinɓe.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Ngenndiyankaagal Afrik

Filoosofi Zikist

Njeenaari Zik

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Naajeeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>TOS Benson</title>
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Mawɗo '''Teofilus Owolabi Shobowale Benson''' // c, SAN (23 juillet 1917 – 13 février 2008) ko awokaajo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], o laati gooto nder siyaasaaku [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] ɓurduɗo anndeego nder wakkati ardungal jeytaare lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nder hitaande 1960. O laati jaagorɗo kumpital, jaayndeeji e pinal nder laamu arandeejo ɓaawo jeytaare lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. Benson sokaama lebbi keewɗi caggal kuudetaa militeer gadano e hitaande 1966. O arti e golle makko ko ''barrister'', o anndiraa ko mawɗo [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] mawɗo.

== Duuɓi gadani ==
Teofilus Owolabi Shobowale Benson jibinaa ko ñalnde 23 lewru juko hitaande 1917 to Ikorodu, o janngi duɗal leslesal CMS to duunde Agboyi, [[Lagos]] . O jibinaa ko e nder galle aristokraasi . {{Sfn|Chris Anucha|2008}} O jeyaa ko e iwdi [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] . {{Sfn|Sklar|2004}} Miñiiko gorko ko jimoowo garoowo biyeteeɗo Bobby Benson . O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde CMS, to Lagos . {{Sfn|Oti|2009}} Nde o heɓi duuɓi 20, o naati e golle doosɗe. E hitaande 1943, o ummii o fayi [[London|Londres]], Angalteer, o janngi sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln’s Inn, o noddiraa bar e hitaande 1947. E ndeen hitaande, o arti to leydi Nijeer, o naati e fedde ngenndiire leydi Nijeer e leydi [[Kamerun|Kameruun]] (NCNC). {{Sfn|Chris Anucha|2008}} O walli miñiiko gorko biyeteeɗo Bobby, gardinooɗo fedde pijirlooji njilluuji. O sikki fedde nde ina foti jogaade orkestra, e hitaande 1948 o soodi fedde nde yimɓe fof mbiyata &quot;Jam-Session Orchestra&quot;. {{Sfn|Oti|2009}} O woni kadi mawniiko Babajimi Benson mo woni tergal suudu sarɗiiji lesdi [[Naajeeriya]].

== Politik ko adii jeytaare ==
E hitaande 1950, Benson suɓaama e nder diiso wuro Lagos, caggal ɗuum o wonti cukko meer wuro [[Lagos]]. {{Sfn|Chris Anucha|2008}} Benson ina joginoo nafoore politik mum e ballal suɓngooji kosmopolitan [[Lagos]]. {{Sfn|Sklar|2004}} E nder wooteeji 1951, Benson suɓaama e nder kanndidaaji NCNC ngam heɓde jooɗorɗe joy Lagos e nder suudu sarɗiiji hirnaange, heddiiɓe ɓee ko [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]], Adeleke Adedoyin, A. B. Olorunnimbe e senndikaa HP Adebola. Kanndidaaji joy ɗii, e ko yaawi, ndartinii luulndiiɓe mum en ummoriiɓe e fedde ''Action'' . Benson wonti ofisee ngenndiijo e nder NCNC. {{Sfn|Sklar|2004}}

Benson wonnoo ko tawtoraaɗo batuuji doosɗe leydi to Londres {{Sfn|Chris Anucha|2008}} 1953, 1957, 1958 e 1960 baɗnooɗi haa leydi Nijeer heɓi jeytaare mum e hitaande 1960. O suɓaama e golle keewɗe e nder laylaytol NCNC hakkunde 1950 e 1959 Goomu yuɓɓo. {{Sfn|Sklar|2004}} E [[lewru]] mee 1957, o woniino gardiiɗo kaalis ngenndiijo NCNC. O yahdi bee [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]], hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], haa lesdi London ngam o waɗa kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya haa Lancaster House . {{Sfn|Sklar|2004}} E hitaande 1958, o woniino gardiiɗo kaalis leydi ndii, o woniino tergal e Goomu peeje NCNC. {{Sfn|Sklar|2004}} O woniino kadi hooreejo NCNC e nder suudu sarɗiiji e hooreejo fedde [[Lagos]]. {{Sfn|Sklar|2004}} E hitaande 1959, o wonii hooreejo Goomu Gollorɗe Hirnaange, nde o suɓaa ngam lomtaade [[Salami Agbaje]], o woniino kadi hakkunde luural hakkunde pelle Adeoye Adisa e Agbaje e nder NCNC. O ɓuri laamaade ko e fedde Agbaje, ɗum addani fedde Adisa yaltude NCNC, tawtoreede wooteeji ɗii e dow ndimaagu mum. {{Sfn|Sklar|2004}}

Benson suɓaama kadi e suudu sarɗiiji e wooteeji fedde nde e hitaande 1959. Nasaraaku maako ɗon ƴama ngam o woppaani kuugal maako haa lesdi ndi'i hade maako o tawtoree woote. Ñaawirde toownde Lagos woppii woote ɗee e dow ɗuum, kono Ñaawirde toownde fedde ndee wayli kuulal ngal e wullitaango. {{Sfn|Awa|1964}} Ministeer kumpital sosaa ko e hitaande 1959, Benson woni jaagorde gadane. {{Sfn|Watson|2014}}

== Caggal jeytaare ==
[[File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F016246-0008,_Berlin,_Staatsbesuch_Minister_Benson,_Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Benson (caka) wakkati njillu maako haa Berlin nder lewru June 1963]]
Benson woni jaagorde fedde nde e laamu gadano caggal jeytaare (1 oktoobar 1960). [1] Ministeer kumpital yaltinii deftere Naajeeriya e Magazine Naajeeriya, binndanɗe ɗe ndokki humpitooji ko faati e leydi ndi caggal nde ndi heɓi ndimaagu mum. [1] Benson woni hooreejo sosngo Daande Naajeeriya (VON). [1] Rajo e tele ina kuutoree ngam humpitaade nulal laamu nguu wonde dañal jeytaare ina foti tiiɗtineede, ngenndi ndii ina foti renndineede, ina ummoo e dow peccitagol leƴƴi. [1] KO Mbadiwe, jaagorgal ko feewti e diwooje tuggi lewru marse 1964 haa marse 1965, waɗii eɓɓoore nde o inniri &quot;Operation Fantastic&quot; ngam mawninde udditgol diwooje ummoraade Lagos fayde New York e lewru oktoobar 1964. O ƴetti fedde yimooɓe e diwooje adanɗe e lewru. Ɓe mbaɗii jimɗi e nokkuuji keewɗi to Amerik e nafoore mawnde. Ɗum hollitii ko kuulal luulndiingal. Benson ñiŋii eɓɓoore nde nde tawnoo ministeer makko ina foti jogaade njeenaari e njulaagu pinal leydi Najeriya. Ko e hitaande 1972 haala kaa joofti. [1]

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    <title>Mawɓe Koloñaal Aeroport</title>
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'''Elders Colonial Airways''' ko laana ndiwoowa gonka to [[Lagos]], [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]], ko kañum wonnoo gollodiiɗo e laana ndiwoowa Imperial . Laana ndiwoowa ka golliima gila 1935 haa 1940.&lt;ref&gt;Guttery, Ben R. (1998). Encyclopedia of African airlines. Ben Guttery. p. 140. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7864-0495-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tariya ==

=== Ɓawo ===
E hitaande 1932, Imperial Airways fuɗɗii waɗde diwooje yontere kala ummoraade Angalteer feewde Afrik worgo, diwooje ɗee ina njahra e gure keewɗe e nder Afrik fof e laawol mum. Ɓeydagol limoore yah-ngartaa waɗii diwooje ɗee ina mbaɗee laabi ɗiɗi e nder yontere gila e lewru Yarkomaa 1935, ko e oon sahaa nde diwooje ɗee timmini kaaldigal mum e ministeer diwooje ngam sosde laawol ummoraade Khartoum to Sudaan Angalteer-Misra feewde Nijeer . Ko ngam diwooje ɗee njoofna to Lagos, kono nde tawnoo alaa laaɗe diwooje potɗe huutoreede, diwooje ɗee njoofnaama to Kano, e yahooɓe jokkondirɓe e Lagos e laana ndiwoowa. Imperial Airways ɗaɓɓiriino laaɗe diwooje ngam yahde hakkunde Kano e laana ndiwoowa mawka Dempster Lines to Takoradi to Coast Gold .

E nder ɗuum, fedde nde sosaa hakkunde Imperial e Elder Dempster ñalnde 7 noowammbar 1935, nde gollotoo ko fedde mawnde koloñaal. Imperial Airways ina joginoo feccere e sosiyatee oo, ina rokka denndaangal laaɗe diwooje e gollotooɓe. [1] Ina fotnoo wonde sarwisaaji Elders Colonial ina njokka ngam jokkondirde e gargol e yahdu laanaaji Elder Dempster e diwooje Imperial, ngam newnude renndinde yahooɓe e postooji e nder Gold Coast e Nigeria fof. [2]

=== Duuɓi golle ===
Ñalnde 13 oktoobar 1937, diwooje e laawol ummoraade Lagos- [[Akra]] puɗɗii huutoraade laana ndiwoowa de Havilland ummoraade e Imperial Airways.   Ina wiyee wonde yah-ngartaa e laawol ngol ina jokki e caɗeele cellal, kono Imperial Airways foolii ɗeen caɗeele nde waɗti heen kaɓirgal baawngal warde ɓowɗi e nder laana ndiwoowa kaa.  Sarwiis yontere kala e ballondiral e Imperial gila [[Firiton|Freetown]] haa [[Bannjulu|Bathurst]] fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 25 lewru juko hitaande 1938 e Short Scion Senior, e golloraade ko e laawol [[Konaakiri|Konakri]], Bolama e [[Bisaawo|Bissau]] . Laawol Lagos-Takoradi fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 4 abriil 1939, ñalnde 15 sulyee 1939 golle Freetown-Bathurst njoofi. Caggal nde gooto e laanaaji diwooje biyeteeɗi Short Scion Senior ɗi laana ndiwoowa ka yani e lewru ut 1939, tawi ina woni e jolngo Bathurst, denndaangal golle feewde Bathurst ngoppitaa. &lt;ref name=&quot;guttery&quot; /&gt;

E fuɗɗoode wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, Elders Colonial Airways dartini golle mum ñalnde 14 suwee 1940, caggal wolde nde golle ɗee puɗɗaaki : kono diwooje ɗee lomtinaama e fedde diwooje Afrik worgo . 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2744" sha1="898cbm5ppjcembx61t9famq45b9t7q0" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Elders Colonial Airways''' ko laana ndiwoowa gonka to [[Lagos]], [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]], ko kañum wonnoo gollodiiɗo e laana ndiwoowa Imperial . Laana ndiwoowa ka golliima gila 1935 haa 1940.&lt;ref&gt;Guttery, Ben R. (1998). Encyclopedia of African airlines. Ben Guttery. p. 140. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7864-0495-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tariya ==

=== Ɓawo ===
E hitaande 1932, Imperial Airways fuɗɗii waɗde diwooje yontere kala ummoraade Angalteer feewde Afrik worgo, diwooje ɗee ina njahra e gure keewɗe e nder Afrik fof e laawol mum. Ɓeydagol limoore yah-ngartaa waɗii diwooje ɗee ina mbaɗee laabi ɗiɗi e nder yontere gila e lewru Yarkomaa 1935, ko e oon sahaa nde diwooje ɗee timmini kaaldigal mum e ministeer diwooje ngam sosde laawol ummoraade Khartoum to Sudaan Angalteer-Misra feewde Nijeer . Ko ngam diwooje ɗee njoofna to Lagos, kono nde tawnoo alaa laaɗe diwooje potɗe huutoreede, diwooje ɗee njoofnaama to Kano, e yahooɓe jokkondirɓe e Lagos e laana ndiwoowa. Imperial Airways ɗaɓɓiriino laaɗe diwooje ngam yahde hakkunde Kano e laana ndiwoowa mawka Dempster Lines to Takoradi to Coast Gold .

E nder ɗuum, fedde nde sosaa hakkunde Imperial e Elder Dempster ñalnde 7 noowammbar 1935, nde gollotoo ko fedde mawnde koloñaal. Imperial Airways ina joginoo feccere e sosiyatee oo, ina rokka denndaangal laaɗe diwooje e gollotooɓe. [1] Ina fotnoo wonde sarwisaaji Elders Colonial ina njokka ngam jokkondirde e gargol e yahdu laanaaji Elder Dempster e diwooje Imperial, ngam newnude renndinde yahooɓe e postooji e nder Gold Coast e Nigeria fof. [2]

=== Duuɓi golle ===
Ñalnde 13 oktoobar 1937, diwooje e laawol ummoraade Lagos- [[Akra]] puɗɗii huutoraade laana ndiwoowa de Havilland ummoraade e Imperial Airways.   Ina wiyee wonde yah-ngartaa e laawol ngol ina jokki e caɗeele cellal, kono Imperial Airways foolii ɗeen caɗeele nde waɗti heen kaɓirgal baawngal warde ɓowɗi e nder laana ndiwoowa kaa.  Sarwiis yontere kala e ballondiral e Imperial gila [[Firiton|Freetown]] haa [[Bannjulu|Bathurst]] fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 25 lewru juko hitaande 1938 e Short Scion Senior, e golloraade ko e laawol [[Konaakiri|Konakri]], Bolama e [[Bisaawo|Bissau]] . Laawol Lagos-Takoradi fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 4 abriil 1939, ñalnde 15 sulyee 1939 golle Freetown-Bathurst njoofi. Caggal nde gooto e laanaaji diwooje biyeteeɗi Short Scion Senior ɗi laana ndiwoowa ka yani e lewru ut 1939, tawi ina woni e jolngo Bathurst, denndaangal golle feewde Bathurst ngoppitaa. &lt;ref name=&quot;guttery&quot; /&gt;

E fuɗɗoode wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, Elders Colonial Airways dartini golle mum ñalnde 14 suwee 1940, caggal wolde nde golle ɗee puɗɗaaki : kono diwooje ɗee lomtinaama e fedde diwooje Afrik worgo . 

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      <text bytes="2439" sha1="j77d8s9y40kv455ulg76264g0vrdl6l" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Joseph Odeleye Fadahunsi,heɗtoKBE (1901 – 12 lewru Mbooy 1986) ko jom ngalu e siyaasaajo leydi Najeriya, o wonnoo ko cukko hooreejo fedde ngenndiire leydi Najeriya e leydi Kameruun. O wakiili kadi diiwal Ilesha nder suudu sarɗiiji wakkati republique arandeere lesdi ndi'i. Oloye mo lenyol Yoruba, ɓaawo man o laati guwerneer lesdi Naajeeriya.&lt;ref name=&quot;google&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=The African governor: Sir Chief Joseph Odeleye Fadahunsi|author=Ladigbolu, A.G.A.|date=1996|publisher=Lichfield Nigeria Limited|isbn=9789783049895|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVouAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2014-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngendam
Fadahunsi jibinaa ko to wuro Ilesa e hitaande 1901. O janngi to duɗal leslesal Osu, caggal ɗuum o naati to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley, to wuro Ibadan. Fadahunsi fuɗɗi kuugal janngirde haa janngirde nde laamu walli haa Ilesha, ɓaawo man o janngini haa janngirde Lagos e Ikorodu. O yiɗaa jannginde, o naamndii gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal o jannginta ngal yo wallu e golle njulaagu. Caggal ɗuum gardiiɗo oo holliti mo e sosiyatee njulaagu (UTC).

Fadahunsi ƴetti jokkondiral e UTC e hitaande 1927, o wonti soodoowo e les njiimaandi Sosiyetee njulaagu dentuɗo, fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya Lutheran Suisse, Misiyoŋ Basel. O fuɗɗii golle makko ko e soodde kakawo e juuɗe remooɓe e ƴettude jolnooɓe ngam nawde geɗe ɗee to biro Ibadan to United Trading Company. Ndeen o dañii ngalu keewngu ngam soodde otooji makko diwooje, ɓooyaani ko enternet makko yaaji e nder sekteer diwooje. O sosi sosiyetee biyeteeɗo Ijesa United Trading and Transport Company Ltd ngam nawde geɗe ummoraade e gollorɗe makko goɗɗe, kadi o gollina sosiyeteeji njulaagu goɗɗi. Hasre makko e yah-ngartaa fuɗɗii dañde e won e anndinde diiwaan. E darorɗe kitaale 1940, o wonti tergal e yiilirde njulaagu kakawo leydi Nijeer e yiilirde ƴellitaare peewnugol diiwaan hirnaange.

E hitaande 1951, Fadaunsi naati e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya e leydi Kameruun, o suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo, o woni wakiliijo Ilesa Sud-Ouest. To dental ngal ko cukko hooreejo luulndo ngo. E hitaande 1962, peccitagol lannda laamu nguu e nder diiwaan hirnaange oo, addani fedde wiyeteende «Parti des populaires unis» sosde, tawi ko fedde feccere nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe diiwaan oo ardii. Ndeen fedde ndee naatii e kawtal e terɗe NCNC. Fadahunsi waɗaama guwerneer diiwaan oo e hitaande 1962.

Tuugnorgal</text>
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      <text bytes="2996" sha1="m4ja2ri8a3944wq88w9zlqmi1nctbvy" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Joseph Odeleye Fadahunsi,heɗtoKBE (1901 – 12 lewru Mbooy 1986) ko jom ngalu e siyaasaajo leydi Najeriya, o wonnoo ko cukko hooreejo fedde ngenndiire leydi Najeriya e leydi Kameruun. O wakiili kadi diiwal Ilesha nder suudu sarɗiiji wakkati republique arandeere lesdi ndi'i. Oloye mo lenyol Yoruba, ɓaawo man o laati guwerneer lesdi Naajeeriya.&lt;ref name=&quot;google&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=The African governor: Sir Chief Joseph Odeleye Fadahunsi|author=Ladigbolu, A.G.A.|date=1996|publisher=Lichfield Nigeria Limited|isbn=9789783049895|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVouAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2014-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngendam
Fadahunsi jibinaa ko to wuro Ilesa e hitaande 1901. O janngi to duɗal leslesal Osu, caggal ɗuum o naati to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley, to wuro Ibadan. Fadahunsi fuɗɗi kuugal janngirde haa janngirde nde laamu walli haa Ilesha, ɓaawo man o janngini haa janngirde Lagos e Ikorodu. O yiɗaa jannginde, o naamndii gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal o jannginta ngal yo wallu e golle njulaagu. Caggal ɗuum gardiiɗo oo holliti mo e sosiyatee njulaagu (UTC).

Fadahunsi ƴetti jokkondiral e UTC e hitaande 1927, o wonti soodoowo e les njiimaandi Sosiyetee njulaagu dentuɗo, fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya Lutheran Suisse, Misiyoŋ Basel. O fuɗɗii golle makko ko e soodde kakawo e juuɗe remooɓe e ƴettude jolnooɓe ngam nawde geɗe ɗee to biro Ibadan to United Trading Company. Ndeen o dañii ngalu keewngu ngam soodde otooji makko diwooje, ɓooyaani ko enternet makko yaaji e nder sekteer diwooje. O sosi sosiyetee biyeteeɗo Ijesa United Trading and Transport Company Ltd ngam nawde geɗe ummoraade e gollorɗe makko goɗɗe, kadi o gollina sosiyeteeji njulaagu goɗɗi. Hasre makko e yah-ngartaa fuɗɗii dañde e won e anndinde diiwaan. E darorɗe kitaale 1940, o wonti tergal e yiilirde njulaagu kakawo leydi Nijeer e yiilirde ƴellitaare peewnugol diiwaan hirnaange.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tonyludlow.net/rnl/rnlbookch18.html#x21-13800018.1|title=18 The final tour&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;|access-date=2007-06-25|archive-date=2022-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330022347/http://www.tonyludlow.net/rnl/rnlbookch18.html#x21-13800018.1|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Ijesa icons and the making of modern Nigeria : essays in honour of Ogbeni Rauf Adesoji Aregbesola|others=Aregbesola, Rauf, 1957-, Oyeweso, Siyan|isbn=9789784842549|location=Nigeria|oclc=884328819}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1951, Fadaunsi naati e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya e leydi Kameruun, o suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo, o woni wakiliijo Ilesa Sud-Ouest. To dental ngal ko cukko hooreejo luulndo ngo. E hitaande 1962, peccitagol lannda laamu nguu e nder diiwaan hirnaange oo, addani fedde wiyeteende «Parti des populaires unis» sosde, tawi ko fedde feccere nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe diiwaan oo ardii. Ndeen fedde ndee naatii e kawtal e terɗe NCNC. Fadahunsi waɗaama guwerneer diiwaan oo e hitaande 1962.

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      <text bytes="3014" sha1="bxn4645iwu0qo6678f5h9buvjqv2u6m" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Joseph Odeleye Fadahunsi,heɗtoKBE''' (1901 – 12 lewru Mbooy 1986) ko jom ngalu e siyaasaajo leydi Najeriya, o wonnoo ko cukko hooreejo fedde ngenndiire leydi Najeriya e leydi Kameruun. O wakiili kadi diiwal Ilesha nder suudu sarɗiiji wakkati republique arandeere lesdi ndi'i. Oloye mo lenyol Yoruba, ɓaawo man o laati guwerneer lesdi Naajeeriya.&lt;ref name=&quot;google&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=The African governor: Sir Chief Joseph Odeleye Fadahunsi|author=Ladigbolu, A.G.A.|date=1996|publisher=Lichfield Nigeria Limited|isbn=9789783049895|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVouAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2014-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngendam ==
Fadahunsi jibinaa ko to wuro Ilesa e hitaande 1901. O janngi to duɗal leslesal Osu, caggal ɗuum o naati to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley, to wuro Ibadan. Fadahunsi fuɗɗi kuugal janngirde haa janngirde nde laamu walli haa Ilesha, ɓaawo man o janngini haa janngirde Lagos e Ikorodu. O yiɗaa jannginde, o naamndii gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal o jannginta ngal yo wallu e golle njulaagu. Caggal ɗuum gardiiɗo oo holliti mo e sosiyatee njulaagu (UTC).

Fadahunsi ƴetti jokkondiral e UTC e hitaande 1927, o wonti soodoowo e les njiimaandi Sosiyetee njulaagu dentuɗo, fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya Lutheran Suisse, Misiyoŋ Basel. O fuɗɗii golle makko ko e soodde kakawo e juuɗe remooɓe e ƴettude jolnooɓe ngam nawde geɗe ɗee to biro Ibadan to United Trading Company. Ndeen o dañii ngalu keewngu ngam soodde otooji makko diwooje, ɓooyaani ko enternet makko yaaji e nder sekteer diwooje. O sosi sosiyetee biyeteeɗo Ijesa United Trading and Transport Company Ltd ngam nawde geɗe ummoraade e gollorɗe makko goɗɗe, kadi o gollina sosiyeteeji njulaagu goɗɗi. Hasre makko e yah-ngartaa fuɗɗii dañde e won e anndinde diiwaan. E darorɗe kitaale 1940, o wonti tergal e yiilirde njulaagu kakawo leydi Nijeer e yiilirde ƴellitaare peewnugol diiwaan hirnaange.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tonyludlow.net/rnl/rnlbookch18.html#x21-13800018.1|title=18 The final tour&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;|access-date=2007-06-25|archive-date=2022-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330022347/http://www.tonyludlow.net/rnl/rnlbookch18.html#x21-13800018.1|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Ijesa icons and the making of modern Nigeria : essays in honour of Ogbeni Rauf Adesoji Aregbesola|others=Aregbesola, Rauf, 1957-, Oyeweso, Siyan|isbn=9789784842549|location=Nigeria|oclc=884328819}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1951, Fadaunsi naati e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya e leydi Kameruun, o suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo, o woni wakiliijo Ilesa Sud-Ouest. To dental ngal ko cukko hooreejo luulndo ngo. E hitaande 1962, peccitagol lannda laamu nguu e nder diiwaan hirnaange oo, addani fedde wiyeteende «Parti des populaires unis» sosde, tawi ko fedde feccere nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe diiwaan oo ardii. Ndeen fedde ndee naatii e kawtal e terɗe NCNC. Fadahunsi waɗaama guwerneer diiwaan oo e hitaande 1962.

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      <text bytes="3010" sha1="c0e6l1s8e22gx5w9y1tz4d9y6h1kw6o" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Joseph Odeleye Fadahunsi,heɗtoKBE''' (1901 – 12 lewru Mbooy 1986) ko jom ngalu e siyaasaajo leydi Najeriya, o wonnoo ko cukko hooreejo fedde ngenndiire leydi Najeriya e leydi Kameruun. O wakiili kadi diiwal Ilesha nder suudu sarɗiiji wakkati republique arandeere lesdi ndi'i. Oloye mo lenyol Yoruba, ɓaawo man o laati guwerneer lesdi Naajeeriya.&lt;ref name=&quot;google&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=The African governor: Sir Chief Joseph Odeleye Fadahunsi|author=Ladigbolu, A.G.A.|date=1996|publisher=Lichfield Nigeria Limited|isbn=9789783049895|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVouAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2014-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngendam ==
Fadahunsi jibinaa ko to wuro Ilesa e hitaande 1901. O janngi to duɗal leslesal Osu, caggal ɗuum o naati to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley, to wuro Ibadan. Fadahunsi fuɗɗi kuugal janngirde haa janngirde nde laamu walli haa Ilesha, ɓaawo man o janngini haa janngirde Lagos e Ikorodu. O yiɗaa jannginde, o naamndii gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal o jannginta ngal yo wallu e golle njulaagu. Caggal ɗuum gardiiɗo oo holliti mo e sosiyatee njulaagu (UTC).

Fadahunsi ƴetti jokkondiral e UTC e hitaande 1927, o wonti soodoowo e les njiimaandi Sosiyetee njulaagu dentuɗo, fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya Lutheran Suisse, Misiyoŋ Basel. O fuɗɗii golle makko ko e soodde kakawo e juuɗe remooɓe e ƴettude jolnooɓe ngam nawde geɗe ɗee to biro Ibadan to United Trading Company. Ndeen o dañii ngalu keewngu ngam soodde otooji makko diwooje, ɓooyaani ko enternet makko yaaji e nder sekteer diwooje. O sosi sosiyetee biyeteeɗo Ijesa United Trading and Transport Company Ltd ngam nawde geɗe ummoraade e gollorɗe makko goɗɗe, kadi o gollina sosiyeteeji njulaagu goɗɗi. Hasre makko e yah-ngartaa fuɗɗii dañde e won e anndinde diiwaan. E darorɗe kitaale 1940, o wonti tergal e yiilirde njulaagu kakawo leydi Nijeer e yiilirde ƴellitaare peewnugol diiwaan hirnaange.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tonyludlow.net/rnl/rnlbookch18.html#x21-13800018.1|title=18 The final tour&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;|access-date=2007-06-25|archive-date=2022-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330022347/http://www.tonyludlow.net/rnl/rnlbookch18.html#x21-13800018.1|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Ijesa icons and the making of modern Nigeria : essays in honour of Ogbeni Rauf Adesoji Aregbesola|others=Aregbesola, Rauf, 1957-, Oyeweso, Siyan|isbn=9789784842549|location=Nigeria|oclc=884328819}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1951, Fadaunsi naati e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya e leydi Kameruun, o suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo, o woni wakiliijo Ilesa Sud-Ouest. To dental ngal ko cukko hooreejo luulndo ngo. E hitaande 1962, peccitagol lannda laamu nguu e nder diiwaan hirnaange oo, addani fedde wiyeteende «Parti des populaires unis» sosde, tawi ko fedde feccere nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe diiwaan oo ardii. Ndeen fedde ndee naatii e kawtal e terɗe NCNC. Fadahunsi waɗaama guwerneer diiwaan oo e hitaande 1962.

== Himobe ==</text>
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'''Sir Kitoye Ajasa''' Listen c OBE (ina winndaa kadi e '''Kitoyi''' ; 10 ut 1866 – 1937) ko awokaa e depiteeji leydi Najeriya e jamaanu koloñaal. Ko o neɗɗo cemmbinɗo, omo gollodii e laamuuji koloñaal. O miijii wonde yahrude yeeso ina waawi waɗeede tan so Afriknaaɓe njaɓii miijooji e juɓɓule Orop. Ajasa jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe Dental Yimɓe, kadi ko kanko woni sosɗo jaaynde konservatiif wiyeteende ''Pioneer Nigerian'' . Ko kanko woni Nijeernaajo gadano heɓde njeenaari konuyaŋke.

== Duuɓi gadani ==
Kitoye Ajasa ummorii ko e caltal renndo Saro ummoriiɗo Ajase to Dahomey fayde Lagos. {{Sfn|Whiteman|2013}}

O jibinaa ko to [[Lagos]] ñalnde 10 lewru nduu hitaande 1866. {{Sfn|Sir Kitoye Ajasa, Nigeria Book of Records}} O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde CMS, Lagos . {{Sfn|Macmillan|1920}} Ndeen o ummiima Angalteer ɗo o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Dulwich, duɗal laamu, caggal ɗuum o janngi sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Inner Temple Inn of Court. O noddiraa ko bar e hitaande 1893. {{Sfn|Teniola|2013}} O wayli innde makko o waɗti ɗum Kitoye Ajasa caggal nde o waɗi duuɓi sappo e ɗiɗi to Londres. {{Sfn|Whiteman|2013}} O arti Lagos, o fuɗɗii golle makko to bannge sariya. {{Sfn|Macmillan|1920}} O resi Lukresiya Olayinka Moore, laamɗo debbo Egba . {{Sfn|Whiteman|2013}}

== Politiyanke e bayyinoowo ==
E hitaande 1906, Ajasa wonti tergal ngal wonaa laawɗungal e nder Diiso sarɗiiji, e hitaande 1914, o waɗtaa tergal e Diiso doosɗe leydi Najeriya , hono Frederick Lugard, Baron Lugard gadano (1858–1945). {{Sfn|Sir Kitoye Ajasa, Nigeria Book of Records}} Ajasa e woɗɓe ko wayi no [[John Randle (physician)|John K. Randle]], [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] e Henry Rawlingson Carr cikkatnoo ko haɗde laamu Angalteer ko huunde nde fotaani, sibu ko e Angalteer tan ƴellitaare waawi waɗde. {{Sfn|July|2004}}

Ajasa inniri radikal en &quot;agitatoruuji njuuteendi ndiyam.&quot; {{Sfn|Wyse|2003}} O wiyi jaɓde miijooji e juɓɓule Orop timmuɗe, ko ɗum woni laawol ɓurngol yaawde ngam yahrude yeeso. Yimɓe jamaanu makko njani e makko sabu ngool jikku, mbiyi jaaynde makko ko « maleyka gardinooɗo oligarki reactionnaires », e naamnaade hol ko waɗi « kala neɗɗo e nder Lagos, Afriknaajo e jibinannde mum, e leñol mum e iwdi mum ... ina foti wonde ko aldaa e hakkille leñol, e yejjiteede e golle mum ». {{Sfn|Falola|2004}}

Ajasa jeyaa ko e terɗe mawɗe Dental yimɓe, ngal John Randle (1855–1928) sosi e hitaande 1908. Woɗɓe ɓee ko Orisadipe Obasa (1863-1940), Richard Akinwande Savage (1874-1935) e Adeyemo Alakija (1884-1952). Hay so tawii Dental Yimɓe ina joginoo worɓe jogiiɓe miijooji cemmbinɗi, ngal dañii won e annduɓe jogiiɓe miijooji yahruɗi yeeso ko wayi no Ernest Ikoli (1893–1960), jaayndiyanke e sosɗo Diɗɗal Sukaaɓe Naajeeriya. [1] Fedde Yimɓe, nde yiɗnoo naatde e mbayliigu seeɗa-seeɗa, salii lannda Demokaraasi Ngenndiijo Nijeer (NNDP) ɓurɗo radikal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal, mo Herbert Macaulay sosi e hitaande 1922 . [1] Dental yimɓe fusi ko e hitaande 1928 caggal nde Randle maayi. [1]

Ajasa sosi ''Pioneer Naajeeriya'' e hitaande 1914 ngam waylude ''deftere'' nde John Payne Jackson (1848-1915) winndi e yontere kala. {{Sfn|Sklar|2004}}

Nde tawnoo omo anndaa ko o hoolaare Lugard, ina sikkaa ko laamu nguu rokkata kaayitaaji ɗii kaalis. {{Sfn|Ezera|1960}} Jaaynde ndee ina heewi wallitde peeje laamu nguu, ina luulndii yimɓe e pelle ɗe laamu nguu yiɗaa. {{Sfn|Oyebade|Falola|2003}}

Nde naatnaaki e luural luulndiingal laamu no binndanɗe goɗɗe ɗee mbaɗiri e oon sahaa nii, nde heewɓe e yimɓe Lagos ngoongɗinaani nde. {{Sfn|Ezera|1960}}

Ajasa winndi e hitaande 1923 wonde ɓataake makko &quot;ina woodi ngam firtude laamu nguu e laaɓal e laaɓal e yimɓe ɓee e laamu nguu&quot;. {{Sfn|Coleman|Coleman|1971}}

== Iwdiiji ==
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'''Sir Kitoye Ajasa''' Listen c OBE (ina winndaa kadi e '''Kitoyi''' ; 10 ut 1866 – 1937) ko awokaa e depiteeji leydi Najeriya e jamaanu koloñaal. Ko o neɗɗo cemmbinɗo, omo gollodii e laamuuji koloñaal. O miijii wonde yahrude yeeso ina waawi waɗeede tan so Afriknaaɓe njaɓii miijooji e juɓɓule Orop. Ajasa jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe Dental Yimɓe, kadi ko kanko woni sosɗo jaaynde konservatiif wiyeteende ''Pioneer Nigerian'' . Ko kanko woni Nijeernaajo gadano heɓde njeenaari konuyaŋke.

== Duuɓi gadani ==
Kitoye Ajasa ummorii ko e caltal renndo Saro ummoriiɗo Ajase to Dahomey fayde Lagos. {{Sfn|Whiteman|2013}}

O jibinaa ko to [[Lagos]] ñalnde 10 lewru nduu hitaande 1866. {{Sfn|Sir Kitoye Ajasa, Nigeria Book of Records}} O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde CMS, Lagos . {{Sfn|Macmillan|1920}} Ndeen o ummiima Angalteer ɗo o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Dulwich, duɗal laamu, caggal ɗuum o janngi sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Inner Temple Inn of Court. O noddiraa ko bar e hitaande 1893. {{Sfn|Teniola|2013}} O wayli innde makko o waɗti ɗum Kitoye Ajasa caggal nde o waɗi duuɓi sappo e ɗiɗi to Londres. {{Sfn|Whiteman|2013}} O arti Lagos, o fuɗɗii golle makko to bannge sariya. {{Sfn|Macmillan|1920}} O resi Lukresiya Olayinka Moore, laamɗo debbo Egba . {{Sfn|Whiteman|2013}}

== Politiyanke e bayyinoowo ==
E hitaande 1906, Ajasa wonti tergal ngal wonaa laawɗungal e nder Diiso sarɗiiji, e hitaande 1914, o waɗtaa tergal e Diiso doosɗe leydi Najeriya , hono Frederick Lugard, Baron Lugard gadano (1858–1945). {{Sfn|Sir Kitoye Ajasa, Nigeria Book of Records}} Ajasa e woɗɓe ko wayi no [[John Randle (physician)|John K. Randle]], [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] e Henry Rawlingson Carr cikkatnoo ko haɗde laamu Angalteer ko huunde nde fotaani, sibu ko e Angalteer tan ƴellitaare waawi waɗde. {{Sfn|July|2004}}

Ajasa inniri radikal en &quot;agitatoruuji njuuteendi ndiyam.&quot; {{Sfn|Wyse|2003}} O wiyi jaɓde miijooji e juɓɓule Orop timmuɗe, ko ɗum woni laawol ɓurngol yaawde ngam yahrude yeeso. Yimɓe jamaanu makko njani e makko sabu ngool jikku, mbiyi jaaynde makko ko « maleyka gardinooɗo oligarki reactionnaires », e naamnaade hol ko waɗi « kala neɗɗo e nder Lagos, Afriknaajo e jibinannde mum, e leñol mum e iwdi mum ... ina foti wonde ko aldaa e hakkille leñol, e yejjiteede e golle mum ». {{Sfn|Falola|2004}}

Ajasa jeyaa ko e terɗe mawɗe Dental yimɓe, ngal John Randle (1855–1928) sosi e hitaande 1908. Woɗɓe ɓee ko Orisadipe Obasa (1863-1940), Richard Akinwande Savage (1874-1935) e Adeyemo Alakija (1884-1952). Hay so tawii Dental Yimɓe ina joginoo worɓe jogiiɓe miijooji cemmbinɗi, ngal dañii won e annduɓe jogiiɓe miijooji yahruɗi yeeso ko wayi no Ernest Ikoli (1893–1960), jaayndiyanke e sosɗo Diɗɗal Sukaaɓe Naajeeriya. [1] Fedde Yimɓe, nde yiɗnoo naatde e mbayliigu seeɗa-seeɗa, salii lannda Demokaraasi Ngenndiijo Nijeer (NNDP) ɓurɗo radikal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal, mo Herbert Macaulay sosi e hitaande 1922 . [1] Dental yimɓe fusi ko e hitaande 1928 caggal nde Randle maayi. [1]

Ajasa sosi ''Pioneer Naajeeriya'' e hitaande 1914 ngam waylude ''deftere'' nde John Payne Jackson (1848-1915) winndi e yontere kala. {{Sfn|Sklar|2004}}

Nde tawnoo omo anndaa ko o hoolaare Lugard, ina sikkaa ko laamu nguu rokkata kaayitaaji ɗii kaalis. {{Sfn|Ezera|1960}} Jaaynde ndee ina heewi wallitde peeje laamu nguu, ina luulndii yimɓe e pelle ɗe laamu nguu yiɗaa. {{Sfn|Oyebade|Falola|2003}}

Nde naatnaaki e luural luulndiingal laamu no binndanɗe goɗɗe ɗee mbaɗiri e oon sahaa nii, nde heewɓe e yimɓe Lagos ngoongɗinaani nde. {{Sfn|Ezera|1960}}

Ajasa winndi e hitaande 1923 wonde ɓataake makko &quot;ina woodi ngam firtude laamu nguu e laaɓal e laaɓal e yimɓe ɓee e laamu nguu&quot;. {{Sfn|Coleman|Coleman|1971}}

== Iwdiiji ==
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'''Laamɗo Ahebi Ugbabe''' // c (maayi 1948) wonnoo ko laamɗo ( ''eze'' ) e hooreejo leydi Enugu-Ezike, [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]] . Ko kanko tan woni laamɗo debbo e nder leydi Najeriya koloñaal .  : 2 [[Nwando Achebe]] siftinii batte nguurndam makko : &quot;O wonnoo ko 'maccuɗo' dewbo laamɗo, dognoowo, golloowo e njulaagu, hooreejo, mawɗo warrant, e nder laamɗo debbo. O wonnoo ko ardotooɗo leñol makko tiiɗngol, kono kadi ko o gollodiiɗo e semmbe e golloraade koloñaal Biritaan en.&quot; [ 1 ] 

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Ahebi Ugbabe jibinaa ko to Enugu-Ezike, renndo Igbo, e darorɗe teeminannde 19ɓiire, to Ugbabe Ayibi, demoowo e jom njulaagu, e Anekwu Ameh, demoowo e njulaagu, to Umuida, Enugu-Ezike . Omo jogii miñiraaɓe ɗiɗo worɓe, o alaa miñiraaɓe rewɓe. [ 1 ] &lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page: 38-39&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;38-39&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;O hoɗi e galle yumma makko to Unadu ko juuti hade makko hootde Umuida. Caggal nde o arti, o juutaani hade makko dogde. 

== Eggugol ==
Caggal ɗuum o dogi o fayi Igalaland . Ahebi ina doga e yamiroore nde o resndata laamɗo debbo ngam ñaawde bakkatuuji baaba makko. Ngolɗoo jukkungo ina anndiranoo ''igo ma ogo'' (wontude jom suudu laamɗo). Galle makko yahriino e geɗe bonɗe nde o yahrata e duuɓi sappo e tati e sappo e nay. Gese ɗee ina pamɗi, ñawu nguu ina yaaji, njulaagu ina leeltina. Baaba makko yahiino to diine, neɗɗo mo nganndu-ɗaa ina anndi ko anndaaka. Oo gorko ina jokkondirnoo e kewuuji ɗii e tikkere laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Ohe sabu bonannde makko. [ 1 ] &lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page: 2&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;2&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; E nder eggugol makko doole, Ahebi wonti golloowo njulaagu, o huutorii ngalɗoo gollal ngam nafoore makko, o jokkondiri e worɓe doole ko wayi no laamɗo Igala, e ardiiɓe koloñaal Angalteer.  E nder dille makko, Ahebi janngi haalde ɗemɗe keewɗe, ko wayi no &quot; Igala, Nupe e Pidgin Engele . Nafoore makko e jeytaare makko mballitii e ƴellitde golle jokkere enɗam e nder pinal Igbo, gila e maccungaagu haa e golle baɗɗe faayiida deity' e yaajnude cate analitik 'autonome sex worker' ko no mbaadiiji ɗi o huutortoo ngam jokkondirde e waylude miijooji maccungaagu debbo kam e firooji potɗi haɓeede e jokkondire e njulaagu e nder ngonka Afrik&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Golle makko e karallaagal makko e ɗemngal rokki mo jokkondire e Attah-I tan walli mo hootugo haa Enugu-Ezike, amma o walli mo ɗaɓɓitugo hooreejo, hooreejo warrant, e, ɓaawo man, eze .&quot;

== Laamu Ahebi ==
Laamu Ahebi fuɗɗii ko lebbi seeɗa caggal nde o arti Igboland ummoraade e eggude. [ 1 ] &lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page: 99–100&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;99-100&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;E fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko sahaa nde Angalteer naati e leydi Igboland, Ahebi huutoriima ɗum ngam naftoraade ɗum, o ardii konu Angalteer e nder Enugu Ezike, wuro makko. Ko Ahebi tan woni neɗɗo e nder wuro mum baawɗo haaldude e Angalteer. Ko njeenaari ballal makko, ƴaañooɓe Angalteer mbaɗti mo hooreejo wuro. O lomtii &quot;mawɓe (e ɓe ɓeydotoo waasde waawde)&quot; [ 1 ] hooreejo Ugwu Okegwu mo waawaano jokkondirde e Angalteer. Sabu njuɓɓudi makko e jokkude nuunɗal makko, o toɗɗaa e jappeere laamu, ko huunde nde luurdi e politik Angalteer ngam ittude rewɓe e politik e nder leydi Nijeer koloñaal . Ofiisaajo diiwal lesdi Biritaniya WH Lloyd wi'i Ahebi &quot;debbo marɗo semmbe e sembe. O mari hakkiilo nden o ɗon mari jikku de'i, nden to o ɗon wolwa, o ɗon mari hakkiilo.&quot; [ 1 ] 

Ahebi Ugbabe wonti laamɗo Enugu-Ezike e ballal Attah (laamɗo) Igala, mo laamu mum yaaji e leydi Igbo Fuɗnaange, ɗum jibini politik jinnaaɓe e nder pinal mum. O waɗii golle worɓe rewɓe e laamɗo, o ɓurti denndaangal laamuuji e laamuuji politik worɓe.  Hay so tawii Ahebi yamiriino hormaade leñol mum, o seerti e aawdi tikkere nde o winnditii golle doole e waɗde binnditagol e njoɓdi Angalteer. Pinal Igbo en njaɓaani limteede aadee. [ 1 ] &lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page: 122&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;122&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Ndee binnditagol addani [[Women's War|wolde debbo]] to bannge worgo leydi Igboland.

E fuɗɗoode, &quot;Ahebi ina weeɓi ustude kala ko ina haɓa e laamu mum&quot; sabu ballal mum e Angalteer. [ 1 ] &lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page: 133&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;133&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Ahebi moofti jawdi e doole, kono haa jooni o yanii e moƴƴere nde keewal makko—jinnaaɓe e doole—ɓurti heewde e renndo makko.  O ɓurtii e yiɗde makko, o ɓuri bonnude aadaaji e tawtoreede kewu maskara ruuhuyankeewu e mask makko. [ 1 ] &lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page: 172&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;172&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Ngolɗoo kewu ko worɓe tan. Mawɓe worɓe e Ahebi njahi to ñaawirdu ngam ñaawde haala kaa, Biritaannaaɓe ndarni mawɓe worɓe ɓee, mbonni laamu Ahebi. [ 1 ] &lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page: 183&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;183&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ahebi Ugbabe ina rema aura mistik ngam tiiɗtinde natal laamu baawngu kala. O huutoriima aadaaji ko adii koloñaal ngam ustude ndeeɗoo miskineeɓe, ɗum noon doole. O huutoriima ɗum kadi ngam ɓeydude jinnaaɗo makko ngam waɗde hoore makko laamɗo. Laawol goɗngol ngol Ahebi holliri hoore mum wonde gorko, ko o moofti rewɓe heewɓe, heewɓe e maɓɓe ko dognooɓe e worɓe bonɓe. O woodi kadi maccuɓe ɗuuɗɓe walluɓe mo. Ɓeen rewɓe ina njibina ɓiɓɓe ngam jokkude innde Ahebi. [ 1 ] : 232 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Laamɗo Ahebi Ugbabe''' // c (maayi 1948) wonnoo ko laamɗo ( ''eze'' ) e hooreejo leydi Enugu-Ezike, [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]] . Ko kanko tan woni laamɗo debbo e nder leydi Najeriya koloñaal .  : 2 [[Nwando Achebe]] siftinii batte nguurndam makko : &quot;O wonnoo ko 'maccuɗo' dewbo laamɗo, dognoowo, golloowo e njulaagu, hooreejo, mawɗo warrant, e nder laamɗo debbo. O wonnoo ko ardotooɗo leñol makko tiiɗngol, kono kadi ko o gollodiiɗo e semmbe e golloraade koloñaal Biritaan en.&quot; [ 1 ] 

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Ahebi Ugbabe jibinaa ko to Enugu-Ezike, renndo Igbo, e darorɗe teeminannde 19ɓiire, to Ugbabe Ayibi, demoowo e jom njulaagu, e Anekwu Ameh, demoowo e njulaagu, to Umuida, Enugu-Ezike . Omo jogii miñiraaɓe ɗiɗo worɓe, o alaa miñiraaɓe rewɓe. [ 1 ] &lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page: 38-39&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;38-39&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;O hoɗi e galle yumma makko to Unadu ko juuti hade makko hootde Umuida. Caggal nde o arti, o juutaani hade makko dogde. 

== Eggugol ==
Caggal ɗuum o dogi o fayi Igalaland . Ahebi ina doga e yamiroore nde o resndata laamɗo debbo ngam ñaawde bakkatuuji baaba makko. Ngolɗoo jukkungo ina anndiranoo ''igo ma ogo'' (wontude jom suudu laamɗo). Galle makko yahriino e geɗe bonɗe nde o yahrata e duuɓi sappo e tati e sappo e nay. Gese ɗee ina pamɗi, ñawu nguu ina yaaji, njulaagu ina leeltina. Baaba makko yahiino to diine, neɗɗo mo nganndu-ɗaa ina anndi ko anndaaka. Oo gorko ina jokkondirnoo e kewuuji ɗii e tikkere laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Ohe sabu bonannde makko. [ 1 ] &lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page: 2&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;2&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; E nder eggugol makko doole, Ahebi wonti golloowo njulaagu, o huutorii ngalɗoo gollal ngam nafoore makko, o jokkondiri e worɓe doole ko wayi no laamɗo Igala, e ardiiɓe koloñaal Angalteer.  E nder dille makko, Ahebi janngi haalde ɗemɗe keewɗe, ko wayi no &quot; Igala, Nupe e Pidgin Engele . Nafoore makko e jeytaare makko mballitii e ƴellitde golle jokkere enɗam e nder pinal Igbo, gila e maccungaagu haa e golle baɗɗe faayiida deity' e yaajnude cate analitik 'autonome sex worker' ko no mbaadiiji ɗi o huutortoo ngam jokkondirde e waylude miijooji maccungaagu debbo kam e firooji potɗi haɓeede e jokkondire e njulaagu e nder ngonka Afrik&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Golle makko e karallaagal makko e ɗemngal rokki mo jokkondire e Attah-I tan walli mo hootugo haa Enugu-Ezike, amma o walli mo ɗaɓɓitugo hooreejo, hooreejo warrant, e, ɓaawo man, eze .&quot;

== Laamu Ahebi ==
Laamu Ahebi fuɗɗii ko lebbi seeɗa caggal nde o arti Igboland ummoraade e eggude. [ 1 ] &lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page: 99–100&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;99-100&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;E fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko sahaa nde Angalteer naati e leydi Igboland, Ahebi huutoriima ɗum ngam naftoraade ɗum, o ardii konu Angalteer e nder Enugu Ezike, wuro makko. Ko Ahebi tan woni neɗɗo e nder wuro mum baawɗo haaldude e Angalteer. Ko njeenaari ballal makko, ƴaañooɓe Angalteer mbaɗti mo hooreejo wuro. O lomtii &quot;mawɓe (e ɓe ɓeydotoo waasde waawde)&quot; [ 1 ] hooreejo Ugwu Okegwu mo waawaano jokkondirde e Angalteer. Sabu njuɓɓudi makko e jokkude nuunɗal makko, o toɗɗaa e jappeere laamu, ko huunde nde luurdi e politik Angalteer ngam ittude rewɓe e politik e nder leydi Nijeer koloñaal . Ofiisaajo diiwal lesdi Biritaniya WH Lloyd wi'i Ahebi &quot;debbo marɗo semmbe e sembe. O mari hakkiilo nden o ɗon mari jikku de'i, nden to o ɗon wolwa, o ɗon mari hakkiilo.&quot; [ 1 ] 

Ahebi Ugbabe wonti laamɗo Enugu-Ezike e ballal Attah (laamɗo) Igala, mo laamu mum yaaji e leydi Igbo Fuɗnaange, ɗum jibini politik jinnaaɓe e nder pinal mum. O waɗii golle worɓe rewɓe e laamɗo, o ɓurti denndaangal laamuuji e laamuuji politik worɓe.  Hay so tawii Ahebi yamiriino hormaade leñol mum, o seerti e aawdi tikkere nde o winnditii golle doole e waɗde binnditagol e njoɓdi Angalteer. Pinal Igbo en njaɓaani limteede aadee. [ 1 ] &lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page: 122&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;122&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Ndee binnditagol addani [[Women's War|wolde debbo]] to bannge worgo leydi Igboland.

E fuɗɗoode, &quot;Ahebi ina weeɓi ustude kala ko ina haɓa e laamu mum&quot; sabu ballal mum e Angalteer. [ 1 ] &lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page: 133&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;133&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Ahebi moofti jawdi e doole, kono haa jooni o yanii e moƴƴere nde keewal makko—jinnaaɓe e doole—ɓurti heewde e renndo makko.  O ɓurtii e yiɗde makko, o ɓuri bonnude aadaaji e tawtoreede kewu maskara ruuhuyankeewu e mask makko. [ 1 ] &lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page: 172&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;172&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Ngolɗoo kewu ko worɓe tan. Mawɓe worɓe e Ahebi njahi to ñaawirdu ngam ñaawde haala kaa, Biritaannaaɓe ndarni mawɓe worɓe ɓee, mbonni laamu Ahebi. [ 1 ] &lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page: 183&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;183&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ahebi Ugbabe ina rema aura mistik ngam tiiɗtinde natal laamu baawngu kala. O huutoriima aadaaji ko adii koloñaal ngam ustude ndeeɗoo miskineeɓe, ɗum noon doole. O huutoriima ɗum kadi ngam ɓeydude jinnaaɗo makko ngam waɗde hoore makko laamɗo. Laawol goɗngol ngol Ahebi holliri hoore mum wonde gorko, ko o moofti rewɓe heewɓe, heewɓe e maɓɓe ko dognooɓe e worɓe bonɓe. O woodi kadi maccuɓe ɗuuɗɓe walluɓe mo. Ɓeen rewɓe ina njibina ɓiɓɓe ngam jokkude innde Ahebi. [ 1 ] : 232 

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      <text bytes="3355" sha1="p50f5up3uo2xoc96q2u15n494k3alhu" xml:space="preserve">'''Akitoye''' listen c (maayi ñalnde 2 suwee 1853), sahaa e sahaa fof ina wiyee '''Akintoye''', laamiima laabi ɗiɗi Oba Lagos ; arano oo, tuggi 1841 haa 1845, ɗiɗaɓo oo, tuggi 1851 haa 1853. Baaba makko ko Oba Ologun Kutere e banndiraaɓe makko ko Obas Osinlokun e Adele . 

== Assendansi ==
Oba Oluwole waraa ko e hitaande 1841 nde fitirla kaa waɗi e nokku Oba oo. Kingmakers noddatnoo laamɗo Kosoko ngam wontude Oba kono ɗo o woni anndaaka. Yanti heen, luural hakkunde Eletu Odibo e Kosoko haɗi Eletu en waɗde feere mbele Kosoko ina wona laamɗo. Ko ɗum waɗi Akitoye (kaaw Kosoko e miñi mum Osinlokun) toɗɗaa Oba Lagos.  

== Akitoye ko Kosoko riiwti ɗum ==
E nder etaade nanondiral (hawri e muñal mawngal ummoraade e mawɓe, ko famɗi fof Eletu Odibo ) e ɓiyiiko gorko, Oba Akitoye e naafigaagal siftini Kosoko to Lagos. Kosoko arti Lagos e laana njulaagu jiyaaɓe lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Jose Domingo Martinez. Akitoye etinooma weltinde Kosoko e dokke, rokki ɗum tiitoonde Oloja Ereko walla joom Ereko. Kosoko yaawi tiiɗtinde darnde mum, heɓi ballal e nder mawɓe konu heewɓe e nder renndo juulɓe. Eletu Odibo ina wondi e sunaare e tiiɗtinde laamu Kosoko, o ummii o fayti Badagry . E nder ɗuum, Akitoye siftinii Eletu Odibo mo Badagry, ɗum addani Kosoko wiyde so Eletu Odibo artii Lagos, o « waɗat hoore makko laamɗo ». &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)&quot;&gt;ciimtol ina haani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Hare konnguɗi waɗi hakkunde Oba Akitoye e laamɗo Kosoko. Kosoko neldi wullaango mum e nder Lagos ina yima &quot;Wi'u oon cukalel tokosel to suudu ñaawirdu toon yoo reento; sabu so o reenaaki o ñaawetee&quot;. Akitoye, e mbaydi mum, yaltini wullaango mum ina yima &quot;mi wayi ko no pinndi tiiɗndi e nder leydi, ndi sahaa kala ina saɗi ruttaade kono ina heddii e tiiɗde&quot;. Kosoko jaabii &quot;ko miin woni digger mo sahaa kala ina rutta pinndi&quot;. 

Feere ndee addani fedde Kosoko umminde Ogun Olomiro (Hare ndiyam lamɗam) e lewru sulyee 1845. Fedde Kosoko yani e galle laamorɗo Oba fotde jonte tati. Akitoye jaɓi foolde, dogi dow laana ndiwoowa haa woyla, Oshodi Tapa, kapiteen konu Kosoko, hokki mo laawol kisal nder maayo Agboyi. Oshodi Tapa famtini Akitoye doggugo haa Kosoko, o wi'i Akitoye waɗi añɓe maako nder ƴamol. Akitoye caggal ɗuum ari Abeokuta ɗo o rokkaa asilo. [1] Nde o anndi doggudu Akitoye ko kulhuli, Kosoko ɗaɓɓiri hoore Akitoye e Egbas en ɓe njaɓaani ɗaɓɓaande Kosoko. E lewru desaambar 1845, Egbas rokki Akitoye mo jooni woppitaa oo, eskort feewde Badagry [2] wuro aadaaji Lagosnaaɓe ɗo o hawri e almudɓe makko, o mahi jokkondiral e misiyoŋaaji Oropnaaɓe e Angalteer rewrude e Konsul maɓɓe John Beecroft . [ ciimtol ina haani ]

Madam Tinubu e wondiiɓe Akitoye woɗɓe ndogi Badagry nde Kosoko heɓi jappeere laamu Lagos. 

== Eggugol to Badagry, kawral e Biritaan en, e peeje ko fayti e maccungaagu ==
Caggal nde o waɗi hare nde ronkaama ummoraade Badagry ngam heɓtude Lagos, Akitoye ruttitii e Angalteer, teeŋti noon e Guwerneer Kap Koast ngam ɗaɓɓude naatde e innde makko ngam waylude ɗooftaade kuule Angalteer jowitiiɗe e njulaagu (ina heen mumtugol). 

E lewru desaambar 1850, Akitoye ñaagii kadi ballal Angalteer :

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      <text bytes="3523" sha1="8k9zd0lan5k3dtizpaj3kph1itrc4jl" xml:space="preserve">'''Akitoye''' listen c (maayi ñalnde 2 suwee 1853), sahaa e sahaa fof ina wiyee '''Akintoye''', laamiima laabi ɗiɗi Oba Lagos ; arano oo, tuggi 1841 haa 1845, ɗiɗaɓo oo, tuggi 1851 haa 1853. Baaba makko ko Oba Ologun Kutere e banndiraaɓe makko ko Obas Osinlokun e Adele . &lt;ref&gt;Mann, Kristin (2007). Slavery and the Birth of an African City: Lagos, 1760-1900. Indiana University Press, 2007. p. 45. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9780253348845&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Assendansi ==
Oba Oluwole waraa ko e hitaande 1841 nde fitirla kaa waɗi e nokku Oba oo. Kingmakers noddatnoo laamɗo Kosoko ngam wontude Oba kono ɗo o woni anndaaka. Yanti heen, luural hakkunde Eletu Odibo e Kosoko haɗi Eletu en waɗde feere mbele Kosoko ina wona laamɗo. Ko ɗum waɗi Akitoye (kaaw Kosoko e miñi mum Osinlokun) toɗɗaa Oba Lagos.  

== Akitoye ko Kosoko riiwti ɗum ==
E nder etaade nanondiral (hawri e muñal mawngal ummoraade e mawɓe, ko famɗi fof Eletu Odibo ) e ɓiyiiko gorko, Oba Akitoye e naafigaagal siftini Kosoko to Lagos. Kosoko arti Lagos e laana njulaagu jiyaaɓe lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Jose Domingo Martinez. Akitoye etinooma weltinde Kosoko e dokke, rokki ɗum tiitoonde Oloja Ereko walla joom Ereko. Kosoko yaawi tiiɗtinde darnde mum, heɓi ballal e nder mawɓe konu heewɓe e nder renndo juulɓe. Eletu Odibo ina wondi e sunaare e tiiɗtinde laamu Kosoko, o ummii o fayti Badagry . E nder ɗuum, Akitoye siftinii Eletu Odibo mo Badagry, ɗum addani Kosoko wiyde so Eletu Odibo artii Lagos, o « waɗat hoore makko laamɗo ». &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)&quot;&gt;ciimtol ina haani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Hare konnguɗi waɗi hakkunde Oba Akitoye e laamɗo Kosoko. Kosoko neldi wullaango mum e nder Lagos ina yima &quot;Wi'u oon cukalel tokosel to suudu ñaawirdu toon yoo reento; sabu so o reenaaki o ñaawetee&quot;. Akitoye, e mbaydi mum, yaltini wullaango mum ina yima &quot;mi wayi ko no pinndi tiiɗndi e nder leydi, ndi sahaa kala ina saɗi ruttaade kono ina heddii e tiiɗde&quot;. Kosoko jaabii &quot;ko miin woni digger mo sahaa kala ina rutta pinndi&quot;. 

Feere ndee addani fedde Kosoko umminde Ogun Olomiro (Hare ndiyam lamɗam) e lewru sulyee 1845. Fedde Kosoko yani e galle laamorɗo Oba fotde jonte tati. Akitoye jaɓi foolde, dogi dow laana ndiwoowa haa woyla, Oshodi Tapa, kapiteen konu Kosoko, hokki mo laawol kisal nder maayo Agboyi. Oshodi Tapa famtini Akitoye doggugo haa Kosoko, o wi'i Akitoye waɗi añɓe maako nder ƴamol. Akitoye caggal ɗuum ari Abeokuta ɗo o rokkaa asilo. [1] Nde o anndi doggudu Akitoye ko kulhuli, Kosoko ɗaɓɓiri hoore Akitoye e Egbas en ɓe njaɓaani ɗaɓɓaande Kosoko. E lewru desaambar 1845, Egbas rokki Akitoye mo jooni woppitaa oo, eskort feewde Badagry [2] wuro aadaaji Lagosnaaɓe ɗo o hawri e almudɓe makko, o mahi jokkondiral e misiyoŋaaji Oropnaaɓe e Angalteer rewrude e Konsul maɓɓe John Beecroft . [ ciimtol ina haani ]

Madam Tinubu e wondiiɓe Akitoye woɗɓe ndogi Badagry nde Kosoko heɓi jappeere laamu Lagos. 

== Eggugol to Badagry, kawral e Biritaan en, e peeje ko fayti e maccungaagu ==
Caggal nde o waɗi hare nde ronkaama ummoraade Badagry ngam heɓtude Lagos, Akitoye ruttitii e Angalteer, teeŋti noon e Guwerneer Kap Koast ngam ɗaɓɓude naatde e innde makko ngam waylude ɗooftaade kuule Angalteer jowitiiɗe e njulaagu (ina heen mumtugol). 

E lewru desaambar 1850, Akitoye ñaagii kadi ballal Angalteer :

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'''Akitoye''' listen c (maayi ñalnde 2 suwee 1853), sahaa e sahaa fof ina wiyee '''Akintoye''', laamiima laabi ɗiɗi Oba Lagos ; arano oo, tuggi 1841 haa 1845, ɗiɗaɓo oo, tuggi 1851 haa 1853. Baaba makko ko Oba Ologun Kutere e banndiraaɓe makko ko Obas Osinlokun e Adele . &lt;ref&gt;Mann, Kristin (2007). Slavery and the Birth of an African City: Lagos, 1760-1900. Indiana University Press, 2007. p. 45. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9780253348845&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Assendansi ==
Oba Oluwole waraa ko e hitaande 1841 nde fitirla kaa waɗi e nokku Oba oo. Kingmakers noddatnoo laamɗo Kosoko ngam wontude Oba kono ɗo o woni anndaaka. Yanti heen, luural hakkunde Eletu Odibo e Kosoko haɗi Eletu en waɗde feere mbele Kosoko ina wona laamɗo. Ko ɗum waɗi Akitoye (kaaw Kosoko e miñi mum Osinlokun) toɗɗaa Oba Lagos.  

== Akitoye ko Kosoko riiwti ɗum ==
E nder etaade nanondiral (hawri e muñal mawngal ummoraade e mawɓe, ko famɗi fof Eletu Odibo ) e ɓiyiiko gorko, Oba Akitoye e naafigaagal siftini Kosoko to Lagos. Kosoko arti Lagos e laana njulaagu jiyaaɓe lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Jose Domingo Martinez. Akitoye etinooma weltinde Kosoko e dokke, rokki ɗum tiitoonde Oloja Ereko walla joom Ereko. Kosoko yaawi tiiɗtinde darnde mum, heɓi ballal e nder mawɓe konu heewɓe e nder renndo juulɓe. Eletu Odibo ina wondi e sunaare e tiiɗtinde laamu Kosoko, o ummii o fayti Badagry . E nder ɗuum, Akitoye siftinii Eletu Odibo mo Badagry, ɗum addani Kosoko wiyde so Eletu Odibo artii Lagos, o « waɗat hoore makko laamɗo ». &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)&quot;&gt;ciimtol ina haani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Hare konnguɗi waɗi hakkunde Oba Akitoye e laamɗo Kosoko. Kosoko neldi wullaango mum e nder Lagos ina yima &quot;Wi'u oon cukalel tokosel to suudu ñaawirdu toon yoo reento; sabu so o reenaaki o ñaawetee&quot;. Akitoye, e mbaydi mum, yaltini wullaango mum ina yima &quot;mi wayi ko no pinndi tiiɗndi e nder leydi, ndi sahaa kala ina saɗi ruttaade kono ina heddii e tiiɗde&quot;. Kosoko jaabii &quot;ko miin woni digger mo sahaa kala ina rutta pinndi&quot;. 

Feere ndee addani fedde Kosoko umminde Ogun Olomiro (Hare ndiyam lamɗam) e lewru sulyee 1845. Fedde Kosoko yani e galle laamorɗo Oba fotde jonte tati. Akitoye jaɓi foolde, dogi dow laana ndiwoowa haa woyla, Oshodi Tapa, kapiteen konu Kosoko, hokki mo laawol kisal nder maayo Agboyi. Oshodi Tapa famtini Akitoye doggugo haa Kosoko, o wi'i Akitoye waɗi añɓe maako nder ƴamol. Akitoye caggal ɗuum ari Abeokuta ɗo o rokkaa asilo. [1] Nde o anndi doggudu Akitoye ko kulhuli, Kosoko ɗaɓɓiri hoore Akitoye e Egbas en ɓe njaɓaani ɗaɓɓaande Kosoko. E lewru desaambar 1845, Egbas rokki Akitoye mo jooni woppitaa oo, eskort feewde Badagry [2] wuro aadaaji Lagosnaaɓe ɗo o hawri e almudɓe makko, o mahi jokkondiral e misiyoŋaaji Oropnaaɓe e Angalteer rewrude e Konsul maɓɓe John Beecroft . [ ciimtol ina haani ]

Madam Tinubu e wondiiɓe Akitoye woɗɓe ndogi Badagry nde Kosoko heɓi jappeere laamu Lagos. 

== Eggugol to Badagry, kawral e Biritaan en, e peeje ko fayti e maccungaagu ==
Caggal nde o waɗi hare nde ronkaama ummoraade Badagry ngam heɓtude Lagos, Akitoye ruttitii e Angalteer, teeŋti noon e Guwerneer Kap Koast ngam ɗaɓɓude naatde e innde makko ngam waylude ɗooftaade kuule Angalteer jowitiiɗe e njulaagu (ina heen mumtugol). 

E lewru desaambar 1850, Akitoye ñaagii kadi ballal Angalteer :

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'''Aleksanndere Babatunde Akinyele''', Listen c CBE (5 suwee 1875 – 1 oktoobar 1968) ko Biskop gadano diiwaan Angalteer to [[Ibadan]], Nijeer. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo leydi Ibadan gadano heɓde dipolomaaji duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, kadi ko kanko woni sosɗo duɗal hakkundeewal gadanal, duɗal grammar Ibadan to [[Ibadan]] .

== Fuɗɗoode arandeere ==
Bolude, jaambaaro Ibadan mo paani, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, mo innde mum mawni e duuɓi militokrasi Ibadan, jibini ko Josiah Akinyele ko ɓiyiiko gadano. Yosiya jeyaa ko e tuubiiɓe adanɓe e les njiimaandi [[David Hinderer]], hooreejo Almaañnaajo fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e fedde mum misiyoŋaaji jeegom adii addude diine kerecee en e Ibadan e hitaande 1851 Kerecee’en rewrude e Hinderer; ko debbo makko ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 1870. O jibini ɓiyiiko gadano; Aleksanndere Babatunde Akinyele. Omo jogii miñiraaɓe nayo, kono gooto e maɓɓe tan ina nanndi e makko no feewi e teddungal e teddungal; [[Isaac Babalola Akinyele]] . Hakkunde banndiraaɓe ɓee, ɓe bestrode environnement [[Ibadan]] e fannuuji jaŋde, diine, renndo e politik, gooto fof no koloñaal nii gila e feccere sakkitiinde e teeminannde sappo e jeenay.

== Jaangirde ==
Nde tawnoo Alexander Akinyele jibinaa ko e sahaa nde golle konu Ibadan ɓuri heewde, neldude ɗum e duɗal e oon sahaa to Ibadan ko ngam weltinde misiyoŋaaji Orop tan, tee ina heewi wonde golle bonɗe. Ko e yonta mo macungaagu, hay so tawii ko e dow laabi, Angalteer haɗi ɗum, ina jokki e wonde e nder Ibadan, ko ɗum waɗi kulol warngooji sukaaɓe e warngooji diineeji ina yaaji e nder renndo. Hono no senaare haalaande ndee nii, sukaaɓe janngooɓe seeɗa e oon sahaa, ko warooɓe ardii ɗum en ekkol. To bannge Aleksanndere, gardiiɗo eskort makko kisal ko jaambaaro biyeteeɗo Babamboni ; mo sahaa fof ina joginoo bismaango garoowo oo e dow koyɗe mum, ngam kisal to duɗal. O naati duɗal St. Peter Ibadan hedde hitaande 1880, caggal ɗuum o timmini jaŋde makko leslesre to duɗal Abobade, Aroloya [[Lagos]] . O heɓi dipolom makko ko adii e nder duɗal makko, o naati hitaande rewtunde ndee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde CMS Grammar School lollungal to Lagos, ngal fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya sosi . Bishop oo ina siftora e nguurndam mum caggal no o ƴattiri, o ƴattiri, o ƴattiri e sehilaaɓe makko janngooɓe to Lagos, o wiyi &quot;oon suka jogiiɗo maandeeji leñol&quot;. Ndeen o ummiima o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. Andrews, Oyo ngam janngude jannginooɓe. Caggal ɗuum, o wonti jannginoowo, o hawri e janngingol e golle katekisma, orgaan e korwal. Bishop Tugwell e nder njillu mum Episkopaal to [[Abeokuta]] e hitaande 1903, o weltiima no feewi e karallaagal Alexander Akinyele e nder ekkol to Ake, haa teeŋti e jimɗi makko ɗi ngalaa ellaaji ɗi Bishop Oropnaajo njillu oo yiɗi ; wonde o yamiri Aleksanndere yo jooɗo e jaŋde naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Fourah Bay, to leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. O naati duɗal ngal ñalnde 25 lewru bowte hitaande 1904. E hitaande 1906 o heɓi Licentiate e Theology (LTh), caggal ɗuum o heɓi Baccalauréat makko ( Dunelm ) e hitaande 1912, ko noon o woniri ɓiɗɗo leydi Ibadan gadano heɓde dipolomaaji duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde.

== Golle durngol ==
Ñalnde 6 lewru juko hitaande 1909, o toɗɗaa Dikon,  o waɗtaa to Ibadan ngam wonde balloowo almuudo. O resi Miss Marian Davies ñalnde 12 lewru bowte hitaande 1911, ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe nayo. O waɗi tiiɗnaare e Fedde Misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya ngam sosde duɗal grammar to Ibadan, ɗum waɗi ñalnde 31 marse 1913, duɗal grammar Ibadan sosaa ; wondude e Aleksanndere Akinyele, gardiiɗo mum gadano . E nder njuɓɓudi makko e duɗal ngal, duuɓi capanɗe ɗiɗi (1913–1933), o huutoriima politik jaɓɓungal ngal aldaa e paltoor, o huutoriima denndaangal taƴe leydi Nijeer to fuɗnaange maayo [[Maayo Jaaliba|Niiseer]] e maayo [[Maayo Benuwe|Benue]] . Alexander Akinyele wonti Kanon ñalnde 17 mee 1931, o toɗɗaa e ballal Biskop ñalnde 25 sulyee 1933 e nder kewu mawngu to suudu dewal Lambeth Palace, to Londres. Ñalnde 24 marse 1952 to Egliis Katedraal St. James Ibadan, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 77 ; o woni Bishop gadano e nder Diocese keso Ibadan. Ko ɗum wonnoo teddungal mawngal e nguurndam gollal tiiɗngal e Alla. Sabu darnde makko nde limtaaka e yahrude yeeso e ƴellitaare Ibadan, o teddinaama e tiitoonde hooreejo leydi '''Aare''' Ibadanland.

Miñiiko gorko, hono HRH Oba Ishaq Babalola Akinyele, caggal ɗuum ƴetti jappeere laamu Ibadan, wonti Olubadan gadano jannguɗo Ibadan. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njiɗi ko Ibadan no feewi. E hitaande 1949, Alexander Akinyele toɗɗaa yo won Kumanndaa ɓurɗo moƴƴude e laamu Angalteer . Bishop mo wuuri nguurndam laaɓɗam e peewal, yamirii denndaangal Kerecee’en – hono no waaju makko lolluɗo mo o waɗiri ñalnde 12 feebariyee 1956, nde laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II e njillu laamu to leydi Naajeeriya ; rewaama haa suudu dewal St. James, Oke Bola, Ibadan – ngam huuwugo gite maɓɓe, ko’e maɓɓe, juuɗe maɓɓe, daande maɓɓe e ɓerɗe maɓɓe ngam ɓamtugo Yeesu Almasiihu. Aleksanndere Babalola Akinyele noddaama ɓaawo man ngam nastugo Ekklessiya nasaraaku nder hitaande 1968, duuɓi 92.

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'''Aleksanndere Babatunde Akinyele''', Listen c CBE (5 suwee 1875 – 1 oktoobar 1968) ko Biskop gadano diiwaan Angalteer to [[Ibadan]], Nijeer. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo leydi Ibadan gadano heɓde dipolomaaji duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, kadi ko kanko woni sosɗo duɗal hakkundeewal gadanal, duɗal grammar Ibadan to [[Ibadan]].&lt;ref&gt;Crockford's Clerical Directory London, OUP, 1968&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fuɗɗoode arandeere ==
Bolude, jaambaaro Ibadan mo paani, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, mo innde mum mawni e duuɓi militokrasi Ibadan, jibini ko Josiah Akinyele ko ɓiyiiko gadano. Yosiya jeyaa ko e tuubiiɓe adanɓe e les njiimaandi [[David Hinderer]], hooreejo Almaañnaajo fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e fedde mum misiyoŋaaji jeegom adii addude diine kerecee en e Ibadan e hitaande 1851 Kerecee’en rewrude e Hinderer; ko debbo makko ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 1870. O jibini ɓiyiiko gadano; Aleksanndere Babatunde Akinyele. Omo jogii miñiraaɓe nayo, kono gooto e maɓɓe tan ina nanndi e makko no feewi e teddungal e teddungal; [[Isaac Babalola Akinyele]] . Hakkunde banndiraaɓe ɓee, ɓe bestrode environnement [[Ibadan]] e fannuuji jaŋde, diine, renndo e politik, gooto fof no koloñaal nii gila e feccere sakkitiinde e teeminannde sappo e jeenay.

== Jaangirde ==
Nde tawnoo Alexander Akinyele jibinaa ko e sahaa nde golle konu Ibadan ɓuri heewde, neldude ɗum e duɗal e oon sahaa to Ibadan ko ngam weltinde misiyoŋaaji Orop tan, tee ina heewi wonde golle bonɗe. Ko e yonta mo macungaagu, hay so tawii ko e dow laabi, Angalteer haɗi ɗum, ina jokki e wonde e nder Ibadan, ko ɗum waɗi kulol warngooji sukaaɓe e warngooji diineeji ina yaaji e nder renndo. Hono no senaare haalaande ndee nii, sukaaɓe janngooɓe seeɗa e oon sahaa, ko warooɓe ardii ɗum en ekkol. To bannge Aleksanndere, gardiiɗo eskort makko kisal ko jaambaaro biyeteeɗo Babamboni ; mo sahaa fof ina joginoo bismaango garoowo oo e dow koyɗe mum, ngam kisal to duɗal. O naati duɗal St. Peter Ibadan hedde hitaande 1880, caggal ɗuum o timmini jaŋde makko leslesre to duɗal Abobade, Aroloya [[Lagos]] . O heɓi dipolom makko ko adii e nder duɗal makko, o naati hitaande rewtunde ndee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde CMS Grammar School lollungal to Lagos, ngal fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya sosi . Bishop oo ina siftora e nguurndam mum caggal no o ƴattiri, o ƴattiri, o ƴattiri e sehilaaɓe makko janngooɓe to Lagos, o wiyi &quot;oon suka jogiiɗo maandeeji leñol&quot;. Ndeen o ummiima o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. Andrews, Oyo ngam janngude jannginooɓe. Caggal ɗuum, o wonti jannginoowo, o hawri e janngingol e golle katekisma, orgaan e korwal. Bishop Tugwell e nder njillu mum Episkopaal to [[Abeokuta]] e hitaande 1903, o weltiima no feewi e karallaagal Alexander Akinyele e nder ekkol to Ake, haa teeŋti e jimɗi makko ɗi ngalaa ellaaji ɗi Bishop Oropnaajo njillu oo yiɗi ; wonde o yamiri Aleksanndere yo jooɗo e jaŋde naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Fourah Bay, to leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. O naati duɗal ngal ñalnde 25 lewru bowte hitaande 1904. E hitaande 1906 o heɓi Licentiate e Theology (LTh), caggal ɗuum o heɓi Baccalauréat makko ( Dunelm ) e hitaande 1912, ko noon o woniri ɓiɗɗo leydi Ibadan gadano heɓde dipolomaaji duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde.

== Golle durngol ==
Ñalnde 6 lewru juko hitaande 1909, o toɗɗaa Dikon,  o waɗtaa to Ibadan ngam wonde balloowo almuudo. O resi Miss Marian Davies ñalnde 12 lewru bowte hitaande 1911, ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe nayo. O waɗi tiiɗnaare e Fedde Misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya ngam sosde duɗal grammar to Ibadan, ɗum waɗi ñalnde 31 marse 1913, duɗal grammar Ibadan sosaa ; wondude e Aleksanndere Akinyele, gardiiɗo mum gadano . E nder njuɓɓudi makko e duɗal ngal, duuɓi capanɗe ɗiɗi (1913–1933), o huutoriima politik jaɓɓungal ngal aldaa e paltoor, o huutoriima denndaangal taƴe leydi Nijeer to fuɗnaange maayo [[Maayo Jaaliba|Niiseer]] e maayo [[Maayo Benuwe|Benue]] . Alexander Akinyele wonti Kanon ñalnde 17 mee 1931, o toɗɗaa e ballal Biskop ñalnde 25 sulyee 1933 e nder kewu mawngu to suudu dewal Lambeth Palace, to Londres. Ñalnde 24 marse 1952 to Egliis Katedraal St. James Ibadan, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 77 ; o woni Bishop gadano e nder Diocese keso Ibadan. Ko ɗum wonnoo teddungal mawngal e nguurndam gollal tiiɗngal e Alla. Sabu darnde makko nde limtaaka e yahrude yeeso e ƴellitaare Ibadan, o teddinaama e tiitoonde hooreejo leydi '''Aare''' Ibadanland.

Miñiiko gorko, hono HRH Oba Ishaq Babalola Akinyele, caggal ɗuum ƴetti jappeere laamu Ibadan, wonti Olubadan gadano jannguɗo Ibadan. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njiɗi ko Ibadan no feewi. E hitaande 1949, Alexander Akinyele toɗɗaa yo won Kumanndaa ɓurɗo moƴƴude e laamu Angalteer . Bishop mo wuuri nguurndam laaɓɗam e peewal, yamirii denndaangal Kerecee’en – hono no waaju makko lolluɗo mo o waɗiri ñalnde 12 feebariyee 1956, nde laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II e njillu laamu to leydi Naajeeriya ; rewaama haa suudu dewal St. James, Oke Bola, Ibadan – ngam huuwugo gite maɓɓe, ko’e maɓɓe, juuɗe maɓɓe, daande maɓɓe e ɓerɗe maɓɓe ngam ɓamtugo Yeesu Almasiihu. Aleksanndere Babalola Akinyele noddaama ɓaawo man ngam nastugo Ekklessiya nasaraaku nder hitaande 1968, duuɓi 92.

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'''Aleksanndere Babatunde Akinyele''', Listen c CBE (5 suwee 1875 – 1 oktoobar 1968) ko Biskop gadano diiwaan Angalteer to [[Ibadan]], Nijeer. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo leydi Ibadan gadano heɓde dipolomaaji duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, kadi ko kanko woni sosɗo duɗal hakkundeewal gadanal, duɗal grammar Ibadan to [[Ibadan]].&lt;ref&gt;Crockford's Clerical Directory London, OUP, 1968&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fuɗɗoode arandeere ==
Bolude, jaambaaro Ibadan mo paani, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, mo innde mum mawni e duuɓi militokrasi Ibadan, jibini ko Josiah Akinyele ko ɓiyiiko gadano. Yosiya jeyaa ko e tuubiiɓe adanɓe e les njiimaandi [[David Hinderer]], hooreejo Almaañnaajo fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) e fedde mum misiyoŋaaji jeegom adii addude diine kerecee en e Ibadan e hitaande 1851 Kerecee’en rewrude e Hinderer; ko debbo makko ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 1870. O jibini ɓiyiiko gadano; Aleksanndere Babatunde Akinyele. Omo jogii miñiraaɓe nayo, kono gooto e maɓɓe tan ina nanndi e makko no feewi e teddungal e teddungal; [[Isaac Babalola Akinyele]] . Hakkunde banndiraaɓe ɓee, ɓe bestrode environnement [[Ibadan]] e fannuuji jaŋde, diine, renndo e politik, gooto fof no koloñaal nii gila e feccere sakkitiinde e teeminannde sappo e jeenay.

== Jaangirde ==
Nde tawnoo Alexander Akinyele jibinaa ko e sahaa nde golle konu Ibadan ɓuri heewde, neldude ɗum e duɗal e oon sahaa to Ibadan ko ngam weltinde misiyoŋaaji Orop tan, tee ina heewi wonde golle bonɗe. Ko e yonta mo macungaagu, hay so tawii ko e dow laabi, Angalteer haɗi ɗum, ina jokki e wonde e nder Ibadan, ko ɗum waɗi kulol warngooji sukaaɓe e warngooji diineeji ina yaaji e nder renndo. Hono no senaare haalaande ndee nii, sukaaɓe janngooɓe seeɗa e oon sahaa, ko warooɓe ardii ɗum en ekkol. To bannge Aleksanndere, gardiiɗo eskort makko kisal ko jaambaaro biyeteeɗo Babamboni ; mo sahaa fof ina joginoo bismaango garoowo oo e dow koyɗe mum, ngam kisal to duɗal. O naati duɗal St. Peter Ibadan hedde hitaande 1880, caggal ɗuum o timmini jaŋde makko leslesre to duɗal Abobade, Aroloya [[Lagos]] . O heɓi dipolom makko ko adii e nder duɗal makko, o naati hitaande rewtunde ndee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde CMS Grammar School lollungal to Lagos, ngal fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya sosi . Bishop oo ina siftora e nguurndam mum caggal no o ƴattiri, o ƴattiri, o ƴattiri e sehilaaɓe makko janngooɓe to Lagos, o wiyi &quot;oon suka jogiiɗo maandeeji leñol&quot;. Ndeen o ummiima o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. Andrews, Oyo ngam janngude jannginooɓe. Caggal ɗuum, o wonti jannginoowo, o hawri e janngingol e golle katekisma, orgaan e korwal. Bishop Tugwell e nder njillu mum Episkopaal to [[Abeokuta]] e hitaande 1903, o weltiima no feewi e karallaagal Alexander Akinyele e nder ekkol to Ake, haa teeŋti e jimɗi makko ɗi ngalaa ellaaji ɗi Bishop Oropnaajo njillu oo yiɗi ; wonde o yamiri Aleksanndere yo jooɗo e jaŋde naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Fourah Bay, to leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. O naati duɗal ngal ñalnde 25 lewru bowte hitaande 1904. E hitaande 1906 o heɓi Licentiate e Theology (LTh), caggal ɗuum o heɓi Baccalauréat makko ( Dunelm ) e hitaande 1912, ko noon o woniri ɓiɗɗo leydi Ibadan gadano heɓde dipolomaaji duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde.

== Golle durngol ==
Ñalnde 6 lewru juko hitaande 1909, o toɗɗaa Dikon,  o waɗtaa to Ibadan ngam wonde balloowo almuudo. O resi Miss Marian Davies ñalnde 12 lewru bowte hitaande 1911, ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe nayo. O waɗi tiiɗnaare e Fedde Misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya ngam sosde duɗal grammar to Ibadan, ɗum waɗi ñalnde 31 marse 1913, duɗal grammar Ibadan sosaa ; wondude e Aleksanndere Akinyele, gardiiɗo mum gadano . E nder njuɓɓudi makko e duɗal ngal, duuɓi capanɗe ɗiɗi (1913–1933), o huutoriima politik jaɓɓungal ngal aldaa e paltoor, o huutoriima denndaangal taƴe leydi Nijeer to fuɗnaange maayo [[Maayo Jaaliba|Niiseer]] e maayo [[Maayo Benuwe|Benue]] . Alexander Akinyele wonti Kanon ñalnde 17 mee 1931, o toɗɗaa e ballal Biskop ñalnde 25 sulyee 1933 e nder kewu mawngu to suudu dewal Lambeth Palace, to Londres. Ñalnde 24 marse 1952 to Egliis Katedraal St. James Ibadan, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 77 ; o woni Bishop gadano e nder Diocese keso Ibadan. Ko ɗum wonnoo teddungal mawngal e nguurndam gollal tiiɗngal e Alla. Sabu darnde makko nde limtaaka e yahrude yeeso e ƴellitaare Ibadan, o teddinaama e tiitoonde hooreejo leydi '''Aare''' Ibadanland.

Miñiiko gorko, hono HRH Oba Ishaq Babalola Akinyele, caggal ɗuum ƴetti jappeere laamu Ibadan, wonti Olubadan gadano jannguɗo Ibadan. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njiɗi ko Ibadan no feewi. E hitaande 1949, Alexander Akinyele toɗɗaa yo won Kumanndaa ɓurɗo moƴƴude e laamu Angalteer . Bishop mo wuuri nguurndam laaɓɗam e peewal, yamirii denndaangal Kerecee’en – hono no waaju makko lolluɗo mo o waɗiri ñalnde 12 feebariyee 1956, nde laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II e njillu laamu to leydi Naajeeriya ; rewaama haa suudu dewal St. James, Oke Bola, Ibadan – ngam huuwugo gite maɓɓe, ko’e maɓɓe, juuɗe maɓɓe, daande maɓɓe e ɓerɗe maɓɓe ngam ɓamtugo Yeesu Almasiihu. Aleksanndere Babalola Akinyele noddaama ɓaawo man ngam nastugo Ekklessiya nasaraaku nder hitaande 1968, duuɓi 92.

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    <title>Jaaynde Laamu Fedde Naajeeriya</title>
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'''Jaaynde Laamu Fedde Naajeeriya''' ko jaaynde laamu ngam Koloniiji e Protektorat Naajeeriya (1954 haa 1960) e Fedde Naajeeriya caggal duuɓi tati jeytaare mum (1960–63). Nde yalti ko to Lagos . [1]

== Ƴeew kadi ==

* Doggol jaayndeeji koloñaal Angalteer

== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Jaaynde Laamu Fedde Naajeeriya''' ko jaaynde laamu ngam Koloniiji e Protektorat Naajeeriya (1954 haa 1960) e Fedde Naajeeriya caggal duuɓi tati jeytaare mum (1960–63). Nde yalti ko to Lagos . [1]&lt;ref&gt;Nigeria (British Federation) CRL Foreign Official Gazette Database, 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƴeew kadi ==

* Doggol jaayndeeji koloñaal Angalteer

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'''Jaaynde Laamu Fedde Naajeeriya''' ko jaaynde laamu ngam Koloniiji e Protektorat Naajeeriya (1954 haa 1960) e Fedde Naajeeriya caggal duuɓi tati jeytaare mum (1960–63). Nde yalti ko to Lagos . [1]&lt;ref&gt;Nigeria (British Federation) CRL Foreign Official Gazette Database, 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƴeew kadi ==

* Doggol jaayndeeji koloñaal Angalteer

== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Donald Ernest Faulkner''' ko ofisee koloñaal Angalteer, ko kanko woni ofisee gadano e wellitaare renndo e nder koloñaal Angalteer e nder Afrik. O woniino golloowo e peewnugol kuuge sukaaɓe tooñooɓe e biro makko ina jeyaa e njuɓɓudi sariyaaji kesi jowitiiɗi e bonanndeeji sukaaɓe .

E hitaande 1934, nde o woni balloowo hooreejo kasooji, Faulkner wonnoo ko gardiiɗo duɗal reforme sukaaɓe to [[Enugu]] e les njiimaandi Departemaa kasooji. Duɗal ngal ina rokka sukaaɓe ɓe ñaawirdu ñaawi ɓee heblo karallaagal. E hitaande 1941, e nder laawol makko to Londres ngam fooftaade e wasiyaaji gardiiɗo makko, o jooɗii e wuro omo waɗa wiɗtooji e jaagorde departemaa Jaŋde ko fayti e haala sukaaɓe Boma e sukaaɓe bonɓe, ciimtol makko innitiraa ko Juvenile Delinquency in Lagos. 

== Ofisee wellitaare ==
Ko adii hitaande 1941, geɗe wellitaare renndo jowitiiɗe e sukaaɓe ngonaano huunde ɓurnde himmude wonande ardiiɓe koloñaal en e nder koloñaal en Angalteer e nder Afrik tawa ina njogii ngalu keewngu e porogaraamuuji faggudu kaalis. Ko selli heen seeɗa ko duɗe reforme to Enugu e Yaba e dokke ɗe Salvation Army rokkata. Sarwisaaji wellitaare sukaaɓe ngari ko e njuɓɓudi pelle diineeji ballitooji e njuɓɓudi galleeji.  Caggal nde kuule ƴellitaare e wellitaare koloñaal ƴettaa e kulhuli jowitiiɗi e ƴaañgol soldateeɓe Orop e Afrik arooɓe e porto hee e juuɗe ardotooɓe njilluuji e nder wolde adunaare ɗimmere. Goomu tokooso sosaa ngam ƴeewtaade haala njulaagu sukaaɓe e nder ciimtol mum, goomu nguu wasiyiima sosde ofisee wellitaare. 

E hitaande 1941, Faulkner toɗɗaa yo won gardiiɗo toppitiiɗo ko fayti e wellitaare renndo e nder koloniiji Angalteer e nder Afrik. Ko o ofisee wellitaare, o naatini kippuuji e hosteluuji ngam ittude sukaaɓe waasɓe e mbedda, o wasiyii laamu nguu nde yaltina kuulal sukaaɓe nanndungal e sariya sukaaɓe e sukaaɓe Angalteer 1933 . 

Janngugol Faulkner e sukaaɓe yahrooɓe e departemaa polis e duɗe reforme, addani mo miijaade wonde ina woodi pelle ɗiɗi ceertuɗe sukaaɓe ɗe ŋakkeende galle dartinooɗo ina metti. [1] Fedde dognooɓe, yaayaaɓe e heddiiɓe e Lagos ɓe ɓuri heewde e duuɓi mum en ko les duuɓi sappo e ɗiɗi [1] e laabi ɗiɗmi e nder pelle tokoose, ɓe duuɓi mum en njahrata e duuɓi sappo e ɗiɗi, ɗiin ina mbaɗi sukaaɓe miskineeɓe, ɓe ngalaa humpito e ɓe ngalaa jawdi, sukaaɓe bonɓe e sukaaɓe Boma ɓurɓe yuɓɓude. [1] Haa teeŋti noon, miijo Faulkner e sukaaɓe ɓee ina moƴƴi seeɗa, o tawi ko ɓe jom en hakkillaaji, ɓe keewi hakkillaaji e yiɗde ndimaagu, omo yiɗi ɓe no cowooɓe wuro nii. [2] Ngam ƴellitde sukaaɓe, departemaa oo udditii sukaaɓe ɓe duuɓi mum en njahrata e capanɗe jeegom e go’o. [3] Biro makko kadi udditi nokku ɗo dewgal jogori rewde e duɗal reforme. [2]

Kono pelle rewɓe, haa teeŋti noon e luulndiiɓe [[Female child labour in Nigeria|njulaagu sukaaɓe,]] ina cemmbina golle makko to [[Lagos]] . Janngugol makko e sukaaɓe rewɓe yejjitooɓe sukaaɓe rewɓe e terɗe galleeji Afriknaaɓe e kuule ɗe o waɗi ko e sukaaɓe worɓe.  Diiso wellitaare rewɓe sosaa e hitaande 1942 e ballal Biro wellitaare, kono luural Faulkner e rewɓe elite addani mo yaltude e diiso ngoo e hitaande 1943. 

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'''Donald Ernest Faulkner''' ko ofisee koloñaal Angalteer, ko kanko woni ofisee gadano e wellitaare renndo e nder koloñaal Angalteer e nder Afrik. O woniino golloowo e peewnugol kuuge sukaaɓe tooñooɓe e biro makko ina jeyaa e njuɓɓudi sariyaaji kesi jowitiiɗi e bonanndeeji sukaaɓe.&lt;ref&gt;Gennaro, Michael (2019). &quot;We Are Building the New Nigeria': Lagos, Boys' Clubs, and Leisure, 1942-1960&quot;. Africa every day : fun, leisure, and expressive culture on the continent. Balogun, Oluwakemi M., Gilman, Lisa, 1969-, Graboyes, Melissa, Iddrisu, Habib. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. pp. 155–164. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-89680-323-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. OCLC 1107804766.&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1934, nde o woni balloowo hooreejo kasooji, Faulkner wonnoo ko gardiiɗo duɗal reforme sukaaɓe to [[Enugu]] e les njiimaandi Departemaa kasooji. Duɗal ngal ina rokka sukaaɓe ɓe ñaawirdu ñaawi ɓee heblo karallaagal. E hitaande 1941, e nder laawol makko to Londres ngam fooftaade e wasiyaaji gardiiɗo makko, o jooɗii e wuro omo waɗa wiɗtooji e jaagorde departemaa Jaŋde ko fayti e haala sukaaɓe Boma e sukaaɓe bonɓe, ciimtol makko innitiraa ko Juvenile Delinquency in Lagos. 

== Ofisee wellitaare ==
Ko adii hitaande 1941, geɗe wellitaare renndo jowitiiɗe e sukaaɓe ngonaano huunde ɓurnde himmude wonande ardiiɓe koloñaal en e nder koloñaal en Angalteer e nder Afrik tawa ina njogii ngalu keewngu e porogaraamuuji faggudu kaalis. Ko selli heen seeɗa ko duɗe reforme to Enugu e Yaba e dokke ɗe Salvation Army rokkata. Sarwisaaji wellitaare sukaaɓe ngari ko e njuɓɓudi pelle diineeji ballitooji e njuɓɓudi galleeji.  Caggal nde kuule ƴellitaare e wellitaare koloñaal ƴettaa e kulhuli jowitiiɗi e ƴaañgol soldateeɓe Orop e Afrik arooɓe e porto hee e juuɗe ardotooɓe njilluuji e nder wolde adunaare ɗimmere. Goomu tokooso sosaa ngam ƴeewtaade haala njulaagu sukaaɓe e nder ciimtol mum, goomu nguu wasiyiima sosde ofisee wellitaare. 

E hitaande 1941, Faulkner toɗɗaa yo won gardiiɗo toppitiiɗo ko fayti e wellitaare renndo e nder koloniiji Angalteer e nder Afrik. Ko o ofisee wellitaare, o naatini kippuuji e hosteluuji ngam ittude sukaaɓe waasɓe e mbedda, o wasiyii laamu nguu nde yaltina kuulal sukaaɓe nanndungal e sariya sukaaɓe e sukaaɓe Angalteer 1933 . 

Janngugol Faulkner e sukaaɓe yahrooɓe e departemaa polis e duɗe reforme, addani mo miijaade wonde ina woodi pelle ɗiɗi ceertuɗe sukaaɓe ɗe ŋakkeende galle dartinooɗo ina metti. [1] Fedde dognooɓe, yaayaaɓe e heddiiɓe e Lagos ɓe ɓuri heewde e duuɓi mum en ko les duuɓi sappo e ɗiɗi [1] e laabi ɗiɗmi e nder pelle tokoose, ɓe duuɓi mum en njahrata e duuɓi sappo e ɗiɗi, ɗiin ina mbaɗi sukaaɓe miskineeɓe, ɓe ngalaa humpito e ɓe ngalaa jawdi, sukaaɓe bonɓe e sukaaɓe Boma ɓurɓe yuɓɓude. [1] Haa teeŋti noon, miijo Faulkner e sukaaɓe ɓee ina moƴƴi seeɗa, o tawi ko ɓe jom en hakkillaaji, ɓe keewi hakkillaaji e yiɗde ndimaagu, omo yiɗi ɓe no cowooɓe wuro nii. [2] Ngam ƴellitde sukaaɓe, departemaa oo udditii sukaaɓe ɓe duuɓi mum en njahrata e capanɗe jeegom e go’o. [3] Biro makko kadi udditi nokku ɗo dewgal jogori rewde e duɗal reforme. [2]

Kono pelle rewɓe, haa teeŋti noon e luulndiiɓe [[Female child labour in Nigeria|njulaagu sukaaɓe,]] ina cemmbina golle makko to [[Lagos]] . Janngugol makko e sukaaɓe rewɓe yejjitooɓe sukaaɓe rewɓe e terɗe galleeji Afriknaaɓe e kuule ɗe o waɗi ko e sukaaɓe worɓe.  Diiso wellitaare rewɓe sosaa e hitaande 1942 e ballal Biro wellitaare, kono luural Faulkner e rewɓe elite addani mo yaltude e diiso ngoo e hitaande 1943. 

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'''Donald Ernest Faulkner''' ko ofisee koloñaal Angalteer, ko kanko woni ofisee gadano e wellitaare renndo e nder koloñaal Angalteer e nder Afrik. O woniino golloowo e peewnugol kuuge sukaaɓe tooñooɓe e biro makko ina jeyaa e njuɓɓudi sariyaaji kesi jowitiiɗi e bonanndeeji sukaaɓe.&lt;ref&gt;Gennaro, Michael (2019). &quot;We Are Building the New Nigeria': Lagos, Boys' Clubs, and Leisure, 1942-1960&quot;. Africa every day : fun, leisure, and expressive culture on the continent. Balogun, Oluwakemi M., Gilman, Lisa, 1969-, Graboyes, Melissa, Iddrisu, Habib. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. pp. 155–164. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-89680-323-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. OCLC 1107804766.&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1934, nde o woni balloowo hooreejo kasooji, Faulkner wonnoo ko gardiiɗo duɗal reforme sukaaɓe to [[Enugu]] e les njiimaandi Departemaa kasooji. Duɗal ngal ina rokka sukaaɓe ɓe ñaawirdu ñaawi ɓee heblo karallaagal. E hitaande 1941, e nder laawol makko to Londres ngam fooftaade e wasiyaaji gardiiɗo makko, o jooɗii e wuro omo waɗa wiɗtooji e jaagorde departemaa Jaŋde ko fayti e haala sukaaɓe Boma e sukaaɓe bonɓe, ciimtol makko innitiraa ko Juvenile Delinquency in Lagos. 

== Ofisee wellitaare ==
Ko adii hitaande 1941, geɗe wellitaare renndo jowitiiɗe e sukaaɓe ngonaano huunde ɓurnde himmude wonande ardiiɓe koloñaal en e nder koloñaal en Angalteer e nder Afrik tawa ina njogii ngalu keewngu e porogaraamuuji faggudu kaalis. Ko selli heen seeɗa ko duɗe reforme to Enugu e Yaba e dokke ɗe Salvation Army rokkata. Sarwisaaji wellitaare sukaaɓe ngari ko e njuɓɓudi pelle diineeji ballitooji e njuɓɓudi galleeji.  Caggal nde kuule ƴellitaare e wellitaare koloñaal ƴettaa e kulhuli jowitiiɗi e ƴaañgol soldateeɓe Orop e Afrik arooɓe e porto hee e juuɗe ardotooɓe njilluuji e nder wolde adunaare ɗimmere. Goomu tokooso sosaa ngam ƴeewtaade haala njulaagu sukaaɓe e nder ciimtol mum, goomu nguu wasiyiima sosde ofisee wellitaare. 

E hitaande 1941, Faulkner toɗɗaa yo won gardiiɗo toppitiiɗo ko fayti e wellitaare renndo e nder koloniiji Angalteer e nder Afrik. Ko o ofisee wellitaare, o naatini kippuuji e hosteluuji ngam ittude sukaaɓe waasɓe e mbedda, o wasiyii laamu nguu nde yaltina kuulal sukaaɓe nanndungal e sariya sukaaɓe e sukaaɓe Angalteer 1933 . 

Janngugol Faulkner e sukaaɓe yahrooɓe e departemaa polis e duɗe reforme, addani mo miijaade wonde ina woodi pelle ɗiɗi ceertuɗe sukaaɓe ɗe ŋakkeende galle dartinooɗo ina metti. [1] Fedde dognooɓe, yaayaaɓe e heddiiɓe e Lagos ɓe ɓuri heewde e duuɓi mum en ko les duuɓi sappo e ɗiɗi [1] e laabi ɗiɗmi e nder pelle tokoose, ɓe duuɓi mum en njahrata e duuɓi sappo e ɗiɗi, ɗiin ina mbaɗi sukaaɓe miskineeɓe, ɓe ngalaa humpito e ɓe ngalaa jawdi, sukaaɓe bonɓe e sukaaɓe Boma ɓurɓe yuɓɓude. [1] Haa teeŋti noon, miijo Faulkner e sukaaɓe ɓee ina moƴƴi seeɗa, o tawi ko ɓe jom en hakkillaaji, ɓe keewi hakkillaaji e yiɗde ndimaagu, omo yiɗi ɓe no cowooɓe wuro nii. [2] Ngam ƴellitde sukaaɓe, departemaa oo udditii sukaaɓe ɓe duuɓi mum en njahrata e capanɗe jeegom e go’o. [3] Biro makko kadi udditi nokku ɗo dewgal jogori rewde e duɗal reforme. [2]

Kono pelle rewɓe, haa teeŋti noon e luulndiiɓe [[Female child labour in Nigeria|njulaagu sukaaɓe,]] ina cemmbina golle makko to [[Lagos]] . Janngugol makko e sukaaɓe rewɓe yejjitooɓe sukaaɓe rewɓe e terɗe galleeji Afriknaaɓe e kuule ɗe o waɗi ko e sukaaɓe worɓe.  Diiso wellitaare rewɓe sosaa e hitaande 1942 e ballal Biro wellitaare, kono luural Faulkner e rewɓe elite addani mo yaltude e diiso ngoo e hitaande 1943. 

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      <text bytes="3246" sha1="bpagdtpunikvylhf8dkn5ey1hl7v404" xml:space="preserve">Mawɗo '''Harold Jenewari Dappa-Biriye''' laati siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati hooreejo kawtal hoore lesdi Naajeeriya, o anndiraa ngam walluki hakkeeji ɓiɓɓe lesdi Naajeeriya. O woniino kadi hooreejo fedde ngenndiire Naajeeriya ngam naalankooɓe e pinal e nder laamu makko, koolol adanngol hakkunde leyɗeele ngam naalankooɓe e pinal Afrik ( FESTAC ) yuɓɓinaama. Ko o gardiiɗo naalankaagal, o ƴellitii kewuuji ko wayi no regattas laana ndiwoowa hare aadaaji Bonny .

Ko o daraniiɗo hakkeeji yimɓe, o miijii wonde dowlaaji Naajeeriya ina poti jogaade darnde tiiɗnde e nder njuɓɓudi faggudu, politik e renndo.

== Ngendam ==
Biriye jibinaa ko ñalnde 26 suwee 1920, e innde Harold Wilcox, ɓiy Rowland e Rebecca Wilcox mo Peterside, Bonny . O janngi to duɗal laamu Bonny, caggal ɗuum o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos . Caggal duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, o golliima ko ina wona hitaande e Posto e Telefoŋaaji e Departemaaji Golle laamu, ko ɓuri heewde e makko ko winndude biyeeji kuuraa, kono jikku makko ronkaama yoɓde golle laamu .  Nde o yalti e golle laamu, o woni e yeeyde geɗe ko wayi no pepper ɓaleejo, piassava e kaɓirɗe rattan .

E hitaande 1941, o wondi e sosde fedde yimɓe Ijo,  fedde ngam hawrude e Ijos wonnooɓe e diwanuuji ceertuɗi e nder [[Diiwaan Fuɗnaange, leydi Najeriya|diiwaan Fuɗnaange]] e les diiwaan gooto. 

Caggal nde wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere joofi, Biriye naati e dawrugol ; o woniino tergal gadanal e nder NCNC kono humpito makko e pottital hakkunde NCNC e AG waɗii faamde wonde leƴƴi pamari ɗii ina poti jogaade wakilaagu ɓurngu moƴƴude sabu tuugnorgal lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ummorii ko e leƴƴi ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e Yoruba. O fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam sosde dowla Rivers. E hitaande 1953, o dañi ballal fedde Action Group ngam sosde dowla keeriiɗo kono peeje ngam naatnude Old Calabar e diiwanuuji Ogoja e nder dowla keso COR, riiwti mo e fedde nde.

E nder jaabawol haaju batu doosgal leydi 1957 ngam naatde e denndaangal mbaydiiji miijooji, Biriye ƴaañii ngam wallitde Ijaw en e nder depiteeji ɗii. O wallittaama e batu mawɓe maayooji rokki mo yamiroore ngam daranaade diiwaan Ijaw e batu nguu kadi ngam hollirde haala maɓɓe wonde nokku oo ina foti rokkeede darnde no wonnoo e kitaale 1880 nde mawɓe maayooji Oil Bonny, Nembe, Brass, Ogoni, Ahoada e Degema mbaɗi siynude leɗɗe. Biriye e Udo Udoma mbaɗii haalaaji sariyaaji ɗi keɓaani nafoore, wonde hokkude leydi Naajeeriya ndimaagu mum tawa ko e reentaade hakkeeji diiwanuuji maayo ɗii, ko ɗum woni ko ƴaañii e nanondiral ngal. [1] E hitaande 1959, o wonti hooreejo diiso diiwaan Bonny.

E hitaande 1967, waylooji e njuɓɓudi laamu ngaddi sosde [[Diiwal River|Dowla Rivers]] e hitaande 1969, Biriye toɗɗaa komisariyaajo. O woniino komisinaajo ndema, caggal ɗuum o artiraa e golle to ministeer golle diiwaan oo.

Biriye toɗɗaa hooreejo Diiso Ngenndiijo Naalankooɓe e Pinal ko Seneraal [[Yakubu Gowon]], diiso ngoo tawtoraama e peewnugol FESTAC 77 . E nder juulde Festac, Biriye woniino Amiral kewu regatta nden e hitaande 1956, baaba maako woni Amiral regatta jaɓɓugo laamiiɗo debbo Elizabeth II wakkati njillu maako haa lesdi Naajeeriya.

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      <text bytes="3439" sha1="m5ghy53bc4o3qht8xlh9mbnpodrjn12" xml:space="preserve">Mawɗo '''Harold Jenewari Dappa-Biriye''' laati siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati hooreejo kawtal hoore lesdi Naajeeriya, o anndiraa ngam walluki hakkeeji ɓiɓɓe lesdi Naajeeriya. O woniino kadi hooreejo fedde ngenndiire Naajeeriya ngam naalankooɓe e pinal e nder laamu makko, koolol adanngol hakkunde leyɗeele ngam naalankooɓe e pinal Afrik ( FESTAC ) yuɓɓinaama. Ko o gardiiɗo naalankaagal, o ƴellitii kewuuji ko wayi no regattas laana ndiwoowa hare aadaaji Bonny .

Ko o daraniiɗo hakkeeji yimɓe, o miijii wonde dowlaaji Naajeeriya ina poti jogaade darnde tiiɗnde e nder njuɓɓudi faggudu, politik e renndo.&lt;ref&gt;Dappa-Biriye, Harold J.R. (1995). Minority politics in pre- and post- independence Nigeria. Port Harcourt: University of Port Harcourt Press. p. 43. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9782321729&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngendam ==
Biriye jibinaa ko ñalnde 26 suwee 1920, e innde Harold Wilcox, ɓiy Rowland e Rebecca Wilcox mo Peterside, Bonny . O janngi to duɗal laamu Bonny, caggal ɗuum o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos . Caggal duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, o golliima ko ina wona hitaande e Posto e Telefoŋaaji e Departemaaji Golle laamu, ko ɓuri heewde e makko ko winndude biyeeji kuuraa, kono jikku makko ronkaama yoɓde golle laamu .  Nde o yalti e golle laamu, o woni e yeeyde geɗe ko wayi no pepper ɓaleejo, piassava e kaɓirɗe rattan .

E hitaande 1941, o wondi e sosde fedde yimɓe Ijo,  fedde ngam hawrude e Ijos wonnooɓe e diwanuuji ceertuɗi e nder [[Diiwaan Fuɗnaange, leydi Najeriya|diiwaan Fuɗnaange]] e les diiwaan gooto. 

Caggal nde wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere joofi, Biriye naati e dawrugol ; o woniino tergal gadanal e nder NCNC kono humpito makko e pottital hakkunde NCNC e AG waɗii faamde wonde leƴƴi pamari ɗii ina poti jogaade wakilaagu ɓurngu moƴƴude sabu tuugnorgal lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ummorii ko e leƴƴi ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e Yoruba. O fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam sosde dowla Rivers. E hitaande 1953, o dañi ballal fedde Action Group ngam sosde dowla keeriiɗo kono peeje ngam naatnude Old Calabar e diiwanuuji Ogoja e nder dowla keso COR, riiwti mo e fedde nde.

E nder jaabawol haaju batu doosgal leydi 1957 ngam naatde e denndaangal mbaydiiji miijooji, Biriye ƴaañii ngam wallitde Ijaw en e nder depiteeji ɗii. O wallittaama e batu mawɓe maayooji rokki mo yamiroore ngam daranaade diiwaan Ijaw e batu nguu kadi ngam hollirde haala maɓɓe wonde nokku oo ina foti rokkeede darnde no wonnoo e kitaale 1880 nde mawɓe maayooji Oil Bonny, Nembe, Brass, Ogoni, Ahoada e Degema mbaɗi siynude leɗɗe. Biriye e Udo Udoma mbaɗii haalaaji sariyaaji ɗi keɓaani nafoore, wonde hokkude leydi Naajeeriya ndimaagu mum tawa ko e reentaade hakkeeji diiwanuuji maayo ɗii, ko ɗum woni ko ƴaañii e nanondiral ngal. [1] E hitaande 1959, o wonti hooreejo diiso diiwaan Bonny.

E hitaande 1967, waylooji e njuɓɓudi laamu ngaddi sosde [[Diiwal River|Dowla Rivers]] e hitaande 1969, Biriye toɗɗaa komisariyaajo. O woniino komisinaajo ndema, caggal ɗuum o artiraa e golle to ministeer golle diiwaan oo.

Biriye toɗɗaa hooreejo Diiso Ngenndiijo Naalankooɓe e Pinal ko Seneraal [[Yakubu Gowon]], diiso ngoo tawtoraama e peewnugol FESTAC 77 . E nder juulde Festac, Biriye woniino Amiral kewu regatta nden e hitaande 1956, baaba maako woni Amiral regatta jaɓɓugo laamiiɗo debbo Elizabeth II wakkati njillu maako haa lesdi Naajeeriya.

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Mawɗo '''Harold Jenewari Dappa-Biriye''' laati siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati hooreejo kawtal hoore lesdi Naajeeriya, o anndiraa ngam walluki hakkeeji ɓiɓɓe lesdi Naajeeriya. O woniino kadi hooreejo fedde ngenndiire Naajeeriya ngam naalankooɓe e pinal e nder laamu makko, koolol adanngol hakkunde leyɗeele ngam naalankooɓe e pinal Afrik ( FESTAC ) yuɓɓinaama. Ko o gardiiɗo naalankaagal, o ƴellitii kewuuji ko wayi no regattas laana ndiwoowa hare aadaaji Bonny .

Ko o daraniiɗo hakkeeji yimɓe, o miijii wonde dowlaaji Naajeeriya ina poti jogaade darnde tiiɗnde e nder njuɓɓudi faggudu, politik e renndo.&lt;ref&gt;Dappa-Biriye, Harold J.R. (1995). Minority politics in pre- and post- independence Nigeria. Port Harcourt: University of Port Harcourt Press. p. 43. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9782321729&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngendam ==
Biriye jibinaa ko ñalnde 26 suwee 1920, e innde Harold Wilcox, ɓiy Rowland e Rebecca Wilcox mo Peterside, Bonny . O janngi to duɗal laamu Bonny, caggal ɗuum o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos . Caggal duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, o golliima ko ina wona hitaande e Posto e Telefoŋaaji e Departemaaji Golle laamu, ko ɓuri heewde e makko ko winndude biyeeji kuuraa, kono jikku makko ronkaama yoɓde golle laamu .  Nde o yalti e golle laamu, o woni e yeeyde geɗe ko wayi no pepper ɓaleejo, piassava e kaɓirɗe rattan .

E hitaande 1941, o wondi e sosde fedde yimɓe Ijo,  fedde ngam hawrude e Ijos wonnooɓe e diwanuuji ceertuɗi e nder [[Diiwaan Fuɗnaange, leydi Najeriya|diiwaan Fuɗnaange]] e les diiwaan gooto. 

Caggal nde wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere joofi, Biriye naati e dawrugol ; o woniino tergal gadanal e nder NCNC kono humpito makko e pottital hakkunde NCNC e AG waɗii faamde wonde leƴƴi pamari ɗii ina poti jogaade wakilaagu ɓurngu moƴƴude sabu tuugnorgal lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ummorii ko e leƴƴi ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e Yoruba. O fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam sosde dowla Rivers. E hitaande 1953, o dañi ballal fedde Action Group ngam sosde dowla keeriiɗo kono peeje ngam naatnude Old Calabar e diiwanuuji Ogoja e nder dowla keso COR, riiwti mo e fedde nde.

E nder jaabawol haaju batu doosgal leydi 1957 ngam naatde e denndaangal mbaydiiji miijooji, Biriye ƴaañii ngam wallitde Ijaw en e nder depiteeji ɗii. O wallittaama e batu mawɓe maayooji rokki mo yamiroore ngam daranaade diiwaan Ijaw e batu nguu kadi ngam hollirde haala maɓɓe wonde nokku oo ina foti rokkeede darnde no wonnoo e kitaale 1880 nde mawɓe maayooji Oil Bonny, Nembe, Brass, Ogoni, Ahoada e Degema mbaɗi siynude leɗɗe. Biriye e Udo Udoma mbaɗii haalaaji sariyaaji ɗi keɓaani nafoore, wonde hokkude leydi Naajeeriya ndimaagu mum tawa ko e reentaade hakkeeji diiwanuuji maayo ɗii, ko ɗum woni ko ƴaañii e nanondiral ngal. [1] E hitaande 1959, o wonti hooreejo diiso diiwaan Bonny.

E hitaande 1967, waylooji e njuɓɓudi laamu ngaddi sosde [[Diiwal River|Dowla Rivers]] e hitaande 1969, Biriye toɗɗaa komisariyaajo. O woniino komisinaajo ndema, caggal ɗuum o artiraa e golle to ministeer golle diiwaan oo.

Biriye toɗɗaa hooreejo Diiso Ngenndiijo Naalankooɓe e Pinal ko Seneraal [[Yakubu Gowon]], diiso ngoo tawtoraama e peewnugol FESTAC 77 . E nder juulde Festac, Biriye woniino Amiral kewu regatta nden e hitaande 1956, baaba maako woni Amiral regatta jaɓɓugo laamiiɗo debbo Elizabeth II wakkati njillu maako haa lesdi Naajeeriya.

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    <title>Aleksanndere Miler (julaagu)</title>
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      <text bytes="3284" sha1="6y25kf3f999bx5g7sr0s2hq1oolbtns" xml:space="preserve">'''Alexander Miller''' ko njulaagu Ecoppinaajo, wonnoo ko jom jawdi en mawɓe e nder fedde Miller Brothers wondude e miñiiko biyeteeɗo George Miller. Firaam oo ina jeyaa e sosiyeteeji nay njulaagu dow [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Nijeer]] ɗi kawri ngam sosde Royal Niger Company joginooɗo charter Royal e nder terɗe ɓurɗe heewde e Protectorate Fuɗnaange Nijeer . Caggal nde ɓe kawri, o wonti gardiiɗo gollordu, o ummini birooji makko gila Glasgow o fayti Londres. 

== Golle njulaagu ==

=== Banndiraaɓe Miller ===
Miller sosi fedde mum njulaagu, Alexander Miller, miñi mum e Co e hitaande 1868. Fedde nde ina golloroo e nder leydi Nijeer e nder Gold Coast . E kitaale 1870, Miller Bros ina jeyaa e sosiyeteeji njulaagu seeɗa ɗi njippini golle mum en njulaagu dow leydi Niiseer, e nder leydi Nijeer hannde ndii. Ngam woppude hakkundeeji daande maayo, fedde ndee soodi laana ndiwoowa ina wiyee Sultan of Sokoto . Kono e hitaande 1876, laana kaa yani e njiimaandi mawndi ummoraade e bankeeji e nder golle ɗe tuumaama ko njulaagu Liverpool e ɓiɓɓe leydi Brass, Nijeer, luulndiiɓe yiɗde Miller taƴde hakkundeeji ɗii ; luulndaade naatgol Miller e nder leydi hee, addani laana kaa waasde golloraade. Kono e hitaande 1879, Miller ina joginoo nokku njulaagu dow Niiseer. E hitaande 1879, feddeeji Oropnaaɓe jogiiɗi golle njulaagu e nokku hee kawri, mbaɗti sosde Sosiyetee ngenndiijo Afrik, caggal ɗuum anndiraa Sosiyetee Royal Niger. Firaam keso oo waɗii charter ngam golloraade e nder leyɗeele Fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya. Miller toɗɗaa ko gardiiɗo gollordu sosiyatee oo. Ko adii nde o naatata e Royal Niger co, Miller ko neɗɗo baawɗo ngalu, toɗɗagol makko e gardogol ngol ina jeyaa e ko addani mo waawde golloraade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu makko e nder fedde nde. [1]

To bannge daande maayo, golle njulaagu fedde makko ina njokkondiri no feewi e Jaja mo Opobo e fedde nde ina wondi e sahaaji nde fedde Oropnaaɓe woɗnde sosi caggal ɗuum Fedde Afrik. Banndiraaɓe Miller ɓee ceertii e feddeeji Liverpool goɗɗi gollotooɗi e nder maayooji Oil, e kitaale 1880, feddeeji Oropnaaɓe luurdi e haala jowitiika e Jaja. Jaja salii fiɓnde cogguuji ɗi fedde njulaagu ndee waɗata, ko ɗum huunde nde ajannde Miller Bros wallitnoo, Jaja caggal ɗuum yahi haa ustiri monopoli Oropnaaɓe e yeeyde Orop tawi omo joginoo njulaagu e ajanndeeji makko e nder leydi hee. Miller en ina keɓi nafoore e ooɗoo sahaa nde tawnoo ɓe ɓuri waawde heɓde geɗe e nder leydi he rewrude e hakkundeeji hono Jaja. Nde Jaja riiwaa, fedde ndee artiri nokku mum to Calabar, heɓi yeeso beach e mbaadi mbaylaandi gin walla ‘comey’ ina waɗi 20 kees gin e hitaande.  Ballal fedde nde e Jaja kadi ɓeydii darnde maɓɓe e nder hakkundeeji Afrik e fedde nde ɓeydi heen darnde mum e nder Protectorat des Rivers Oil, caggal ɗuum naati e njulaagu leɗɗe e kaɓirɗe.  E hitaande 1889, fedde ndee kadi wonti ko ŋakkiraa golle feddeeji Oropnaaɓe keddiiɗi ɗii e nder maayooji petroŋ ɗii, yiɗɓe hawrude e heɓde sarɗiiji ngam golloraade doole monopoli e nder maayooji petroŋ ɗii. Woɗɗude fedde ndee e kawral ngal ustii mbaawka jogaade monopoli e nder diiwaan hee.

E hitaande 1917, fedde ndee hawri e woɗɓe seeɗa ngam sosde fedde njulaagu Afrik e Fuɗnaange .

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      <text bytes="3467" sha1="pay48r9m3okr6jf9nt0l431hytvwym2" xml:space="preserve">'''Alexander Miller''' ko njulaagu Ecoppinaajo, wonnoo ko jom jawdi en mawɓe e nder fedde Miller Brothers wondude e miñiiko biyeteeɗo George Miller. Firaam oo ina jeyaa e sosiyeteeji nay njulaagu dow [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Nijeer]] ɗi kawri ngam sosde Royal Niger Company joginooɗo charter Royal e nder terɗe ɓurɗe heewde e Protectorate Fuɗnaange Nijeer . Caggal nde ɓe kawri, o wonti gardiiɗo gollordu, o ummini birooji makko gila Glasgow o fayti Londres. &lt;ref&gt;Rotimi, Kemi; Ogen, Olukoya (2008). &quot;Jaja and Nana in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: proto-nationalists or emergent capitalists&quot;. Journal of Pan African Studies. 2 (7).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle njulaagu ==

=== Banndiraaɓe Miller ===
Miller sosi fedde mum njulaagu, Alexander Miller, miñi mum e Co e hitaande 1868. Fedde nde ina golloroo e nder leydi Nijeer e nder Gold Coast . E kitaale 1870, Miller Bros ina jeyaa e sosiyeteeji njulaagu seeɗa ɗi njippini golle mum en njulaagu dow leydi Niiseer, e nder leydi Nijeer hannde ndii. Ngam woppude hakkundeeji daande maayo, fedde ndee soodi laana ndiwoowa ina wiyee Sultan of Sokoto . Kono e hitaande 1876, laana kaa yani e njiimaandi mawndi ummoraade e bankeeji e nder golle ɗe tuumaama ko njulaagu Liverpool e ɓiɓɓe leydi Brass, Nijeer, luulndiiɓe yiɗde Miller taƴde hakkundeeji ɗii ; luulndaade naatgol Miller e nder leydi hee, addani laana kaa waasde golloraade. Kono e hitaande 1879, Miller ina joginoo nokku njulaagu dow Niiseer. E hitaande 1879, feddeeji Oropnaaɓe jogiiɗi golle njulaagu e nokku hee kawri, mbaɗti sosde Sosiyetee ngenndiijo Afrik, caggal ɗuum anndiraa Sosiyetee Royal Niger. Firaam keso oo waɗii charter ngam golloraade e nder leyɗeele Fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya. Miller toɗɗaa ko gardiiɗo gollordu sosiyatee oo. Ko adii nde o naatata e Royal Niger co, Miller ko neɗɗo baawɗo ngalu, toɗɗagol makko e gardogol ngol ina jeyaa e ko addani mo waawde golloraade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu makko e nder fedde nde. [1]

To bannge daande maayo, golle njulaagu fedde makko ina njokkondiri no feewi e Jaja mo Opobo e fedde nde ina wondi e sahaaji nde fedde Oropnaaɓe woɗnde sosi caggal ɗuum Fedde Afrik. Banndiraaɓe Miller ɓee ceertii e feddeeji Liverpool goɗɗi gollotooɗi e nder maayooji Oil, e kitaale 1880, feddeeji Oropnaaɓe luurdi e haala jowitiika e Jaja. Jaja salii fiɓnde cogguuji ɗi fedde njulaagu ndee waɗata, ko ɗum huunde nde ajannde Miller Bros wallitnoo, Jaja caggal ɗuum yahi haa ustiri monopoli Oropnaaɓe e yeeyde Orop tawi omo joginoo njulaagu e ajanndeeji makko e nder leydi hee. Miller en ina keɓi nafoore e ooɗoo sahaa nde tawnoo ɓe ɓuri waawde heɓde geɗe e nder leydi he rewrude e hakkundeeji hono Jaja. Nde Jaja riiwaa, fedde ndee artiri nokku mum to Calabar, heɓi yeeso beach e mbaadi mbaylaandi gin walla ‘comey’ ina waɗi 20 kees gin e hitaande.  Ballal fedde nde e Jaja kadi ɓeydii darnde maɓɓe e nder hakkundeeji Afrik e fedde nde ɓeydi heen darnde mum e nder Protectorat des Rivers Oil, caggal ɗuum naati e njulaagu leɗɗe e kaɓirɗe.  E hitaande 1889, fedde ndee kadi wonti ko ŋakkiraa golle feddeeji Oropnaaɓe keddiiɗi ɗii e nder maayooji petroŋ ɗii, yiɗɓe hawrude e heɓde sarɗiiji ngam golloraade doole monopoli e nder maayooji petroŋ ɗii. Woɗɗude fedde ndee e kawral ngal ustii mbaawka jogaade monopoli e nder diiwaan hee.

E hitaande 1917, fedde ndee hawri e woɗɓe seeɗa ngam sosde fedde njulaagu Afrik e Fuɗnaange .

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Alexander Miller''' ko njulaagu Ecoppinaajo, wonnoo ko jom jawdi en mawɓe e nder fedde Miller Brothers wondude e miñiiko biyeteeɗo George Miller. Firaam oo ina jeyaa e sosiyeteeji nay njulaagu dow [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Nijeer]] ɗi kawri ngam sosde Royal Niger Company joginooɗo charter Royal e nder terɗe ɓurɗe heewde e Protectorate Fuɗnaange Nijeer . Caggal nde ɓe kawri, o wonti gardiiɗo gollordu, o ummini birooji makko gila Glasgow o fayti Londres. &lt;ref&gt;Rotimi, Kemi; Ogen, Olukoya (2008). &quot;Jaja and Nana in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: proto-nationalists or emergent capitalists&quot;. Journal of Pan African Studies. 2 (7).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle njulaagu ==

=== Banndiraaɓe Miller ===
Miller sosi fedde mum njulaagu, Alexander Miller, miñi mum e Co e hitaande 1868. Fedde nde ina golloroo e nder leydi Nijeer e nder Gold Coast . E kitaale 1870, Miller Bros ina jeyaa e sosiyeteeji njulaagu seeɗa ɗi njippini golle mum en njulaagu dow leydi Niiseer, e nder leydi Nijeer hannde ndii. Ngam woppude hakkundeeji daande maayo, fedde ndee soodi laana ndiwoowa ina wiyee Sultan of Sokoto . Kono e hitaande 1876, laana kaa yani e njiimaandi mawndi ummoraade e bankeeji e nder golle ɗe tuumaama ko njulaagu Liverpool e ɓiɓɓe leydi Brass, Nijeer, luulndiiɓe yiɗde Miller taƴde hakkundeeji ɗii ; luulndaade naatgol Miller e nder leydi hee, addani laana kaa waasde golloraade. Kono e hitaande 1879, Miller ina joginoo nokku njulaagu dow Niiseer. E hitaande 1879, feddeeji Oropnaaɓe jogiiɗi golle njulaagu e nokku hee kawri, mbaɗti sosde Sosiyetee ngenndiijo Afrik, caggal ɗuum anndiraa Sosiyetee Royal Niger. Firaam keso oo waɗii charter ngam golloraade e nder leyɗeele Fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya. Miller toɗɗaa ko gardiiɗo gollordu sosiyatee oo. Ko adii nde o naatata e Royal Niger co, Miller ko neɗɗo baawɗo ngalu, toɗɗagol makko e gardogol ngol ina jeyaa e ko addani mo waawde golloraade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu makko e nder fedde nde. [1]

To bannge daande maayo, golle njulaagu fedde makko ina njokkondiri no feewi e Jaja mo Opobo e fedde nde ina wondi e sahaaji nde fedde Oropnaaɓe woɗnde sosi caggal ɗuum Fedde Afrik. Banndiraaɓe Miller ɓee ceertii e feddeeji Liverpool goɗɗi gollotooɗi e nder maayooji Oil, e kitaale 1880, feddeeji Oropnaaɓe luurdi e haala jowitiika e Jaja. Jaja salii fiɓnde cogguuji ɗi fedde njulaagu ndee waɗata, ko ɗum huunde nde ajannde Miller Bros wallitnoo, Jaja caggal ɗuum yahi haa ustiri monopoli Oropnaaɓe e yeeyde Orop tawi omo joginoo njulaagu e ajanndeeji makko e nder leydi hee. Miller en ina keɓi nafoore e ooɗoo sahaa nde tawnoo ɓe ɓuri waawde heɓde geɗe e nder leydi he rewrude e hakkundeeji hono Jaja. Nde Jaja riiwaa, fedde ndee artiri nokku mum to Calabar, heɓi yeeso beach e mbaadi mbaylaandi gin walla ‘comey’ ina waɗi 20 kees gin e hitaande.  Ballal fedde nde e Jaja kadi ɓeydii darnde maɓɓe e nder hakkundeeji Afrik e fedde nde ɓeydi heen darnde mum e nder Protectorat des Rivers Oil, caggal ɗuum naati e njulaagu leɗɗe e kaɓirɗe.  E hitaande 1889, fedde ndee kadi wonti ko ŋakkiraa golle feddeeji Oropnaaɓe keddiiɗi ɗii e nder maayooji petroŋ ɗii, yiɗɓe hawrude e heɓde sarɗiiji ngam golloraade doole monopoli e nder maayooji petroŋ ɗii. Woɗɗude fedde ndee e kawral ngal ustii mbaawka jogaade monopoli e nder diiwaan hee.

E hitaande 1917, fedde ndee hawri e woɗɓe seeɗa ngam sosde fedde njulaagu Afrik e Fuɗnaange .

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Alexander Miller''' ko njulaagu Ecoppinaajo, wonnoo ko jom jawdi en mawɓe e nder fedde Miller Brothers wondude e miñiiko biyeteeɗo George Miller. Firaam oo ina jeyaa e sosiyeteeji nay njulaagu dow [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Nijeer]] ɗi kawri ngam sosde Royal Niger Company joginooɗo charter Royal e nder terɗe ɓurɗe heewde e Protectorate Fuɗnaange Nijeer . Caggal nde ɓe kawri, o wonti gardiiɗo gollordu, o ummini birooji makko gila Glasgow o fayti Londres. &lt;ref&gt;Rotimi, Kemi; Ogen, Olukoya (2008). &quot;Jaja and Nana in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: proto-nationalists or emergent capitalists&quot;. Journal of Pan African Studies. 2 (7).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle njulaagu ==

=== Banndiraaɓe Miller ===
Miller sosi fedde mum njulaagu, Alexander Miller, miñi mum e Co e hitaande 1868. Fedde nde ina golloroo e nder leydi Nijeer e nder Gold Coast . E kitaale 1870, Miller Bros ina jeyaa e sosiyeteeji njulaagu seeɗa ɗi njippini golle mum en njulaagu dow leydi Niiseer, e nder leydi Nijeer hannde ndii. Ngam woppude hakkundeeji daande maayo, fedde ndee soodi laana ndiwoowa ina wiyee Sultan of Sokoto . Kono e hitaande 1876, laana kaa yani e njiimaandi mawndi ummoraade e bankeeji e nder golle ɗe tuumaama ko njulaagu Liverpool e ɓiɓɓe leydi Brass, Nijeer, luulndiiɓe yiɗde Miller taƴde hakkundeeji ɗii ; luulndaade naatgol Miller e nder leydi hee, addani laana kaa waasde golloraade. Kono e hitaande 1879, Miller ina joginoo nokku njulaagu dow Niiseer. E hitaande 1879, feddeeji Oropnaaɓe jogiiɗi golle njulaagu e nokku hee kawri, mbaɗti sosde Sosiyetee ngenndiijo Afrik, caggal ɗuum anndiraa Sosiyetee Royal Niger. Firaam keso oo waɗii charter ngam golloraade e nder leyɗeele Fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya. Miller toɗɗaa ko gardiiɗo gollordu sosiyatee oo. Ko adii nde o naatata e Royal Niger co, Miller ko neɗɗo baawɗo ngalu, toɗɗagol makko e gardogol ngol ina jeyaa e ko addani mo waawde golloraade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu makko e nder fedde nde. [1]

To bannge daande maayo, golle njulaagu fedde makko ina njokkondiri no feewi e Jaja mo Opobo e fedde nde ina wondi e sahaaji nde fedde Oropnaaɓe woɗnde sosi caggal ɗuum Fedde Afrik. Banndiraaɓe Miller ɓee ceertii e feddeeji Liverpool goɗɗi gollotooɗi e nder maayooji Oil, e kitaale 1880, feddeeji Oropnaaɓe luurdi e haala jowitiika e Jaja. Jaja salii fiɓnde cogguuji ɗi fedde njulaagu ndee waɗata, ko ɗum huunde nde ajannde Miller Bros wallitnoo, Jaja caggal ɗuum yahi haa ustiri monopoli Oropnaaɓe e yeeyde Orop tawi omo joginoo njulaagu e ajanndeeji makko e nder leydi hee. Miller en ina keɓi nafoore e ooɗoo sahaa nde tawnoo ɓe ɓuri waawde heɓde geɗe e nder leydi he rewrude e hakkundeeji hono Jaja. Nde Jaja riiwaa, fedde ndee artiri nokku mum to Calabar, heɓi yeeso beach e mbaadi mbaylaandi gin walla ‘comey’ ina waɗi 20 kees gin e hitaande.  Ballal fedde nde e Jaja kadi ɓeydii darnde maɓɓe e nder hakkundeeji Afrik e fedde nde ɓeydi heen darnde mum e nder Protectorat des Rivers Oil, caggal ɗuum naati e njulaagu leɗɗe e kaɓirɗe.  E hitaande 1889, fedde ndee kadi wonti ko ŋakkiraa golle feddeeji Oropnaaɓe keddiiɗi ɗii e nder maayooji petroŋ ɗii, yiɗɓe hawrude e heɓde sarɗiiji ngam golloraade doole monopoli e nder maayooji petroŋ ɗii. Woɗɗude fedde ndee e kawral ngal ustii mbaawka jogaade monopoli e nder diiwaan hee.

E hitaande 1917, fedde ndee hawri e woɗɓe seeɗa ngam sosde fedde njulaagu Afrik e Fuɗnaange .

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'''Alexander Miller''' ko njulaagu Ecoppinaajo, wonnoo ko jom jawdi en mawɓe e nder fedde Miller Brothers wondude e miñiiko biyeteeɗo George Miller. Firaam oo ina jeyaa e sosiyeteeji nay njulaagu dow [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Nijeer]] ɗi kawri ngam sosde Royal Niger sanju joginooɗo charter Royal e nder terɗe ɓurɗe heewde e Protectorate Fuɗnaange Nijeer . Caggal nde ɓe kawri, o wonti gardiiɗo gollordu, o ummini birooji makko gila Glasgow o fayti Londres. &lt;ref&gt;Rotimi, Kemi; Ogen, Olukoya (2008). &quot;Jaja and Nana in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: proto-nationalists or emergent capitalists&quot;. Journal of Pan African Studies. 2 (7).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle njulaagu ==

=== Banndiraaɓe Miller ===
Miller sosi fedde mum njulaagu, Alexander Miller, miñi mum e Co e hitaande 1868. Fedde nde ina golloroo e nder leydi Nijeer e nder Gold Coast . E kitaale 1870, Miller Bros ina jeyaa e sosiyeteeji njulaagu seeɗa ɗi njippini golle mum en njulaagu dow leydi Niiseer, e nder leydi Nijeer hannde ndii. Ngam woppude hakkundeeji daande maayo, fedde ndee soodi laana ndiwoowa ina wiyee Sultan of Sokoto . Kono e hitaande 1876, laana kaa yani e njiimaandi mawndi ummoraade e bankeeji e nder golle ɗe tuumaama ko njulaagu Liverpool e ɓiɓɓe leydi Brass, Nijeer, luulndiiɓe yiɗde Miller taƴde hakkundeeji ɗii ; luulndaade naatgol Miller e nder leydi hee, addani laana kaa waasde golloraade. Kono e hitaande 1879, Miller ina joginoo nokku njulaagu dow Niiseer. E hitaande 1879, feddeeji Oropnaaɓe jogiiɗi golle njulaagu e nokku hee kawri, mbaɗti sosde Sosiyetee ngenndiijo Afrik, caggal ɗuum anndiraa Sosiyetee Royal Niger. Firaam keso oo waɗii charter ngam golloraade e nder leyɗeele Fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya. Miller toɗɗaa ko gardiiɗo gollordu sosiyatee oo. Ko adii nde o naatata e Royal Niger co, Miller ko neɗɗo baawɗo ngalu, toɗɗagol makko e gardogol ngol ina jeyaa e ko addani mo waawde golloraade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu makko e nder fedde nde. [1]

To bannge daande maayo, golle njulaagu fedde makko ina njokkondiri no feewi e Jaja mo Opobo e fedde nde ina wondi e sahaaji nde fedde Oropnaaɓe woɗnde sosi caggal ɗuum Fedde Afrik. Banndiraaɓe Miller ɓee ceertii e feddeeji Liverpool goɗɗi gollotooɗi e nder maayooji Oil, e kitaale 1880, feddeeji Oropnaaɓe luurdi e haala jowitiika e Jaja. Jaja salii fiɓnde cogguuji ɗi fedde njulaagu ndee waɗata, ko ɗum huunde nde ajannde Miller Bros wallitnoo, Jaja caggal ɗuum yahi haa ustiri monopoli Oropnaaɓe e yeeyde Orop tawi omo joginoo njulaagu e ajanndeeji makko e nder leydi hee. Miller en ina keɓi nafoore e ooɗoo sahaa nde tawnoo ɓe ɓuri waawde heɓde geɗe e nder leydi he rewrude e hakkundeeji hono Jaja. Nde Jaja riiwaa, fedde ndee artiri nokku mum to Calabar, heɓi yeeso beach e mbaadi mbaylaandi gin walla ‘comey’ ina waɗi 20 kees gin e hitaande.  Ballal fedde nde e Jaja kadi ɓeydii darnde maɓɓe e nder hakkundeeji Afrik e fedde nde ɓeydi heen darnde mum e nder Protectorat des Rivers Oil, caggal ɗuum naati e njulaagu leɗɗe e kaɓirɗe.  E hitaande 1889, fedde ndee kadi wonti ko ŋakkiraa golle feddeeji Oropnaaɓe keddiiɗi ɗii e nder maayooji petroŋ ɗii, yiɗɓe hawrude e heɓde sarɗiiji ngam golloraade doole monopoli e nder maayooji petroŋ ɗii. Woɗɗude fedde ndee e kawral ngal ustii mbaawka jogaade monopoli e nder diiwaan hee.

E hitaande 1917, fedde ndee hawri e woɗɓe seeɗa ngam sosde fedde njulaagu Afrik e Fuɗnaange .

== Himobe ==</text>
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      <comment>/* Banndiraaɓe Miller */ fixed typo</comment>
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'''Alexander Miller''' ko njulaagu Ecoppinaajo, wonnoo ko jom jawdi en mawɓe e nder fedde Miller Brothers wondude e miñiiko biyeteeɗo George Miller. Firaam oo ina jeyaa e sosiyeteeji nay njulaagu dow [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Nijeer]] ɗi kawri ngam sosde Royal Niger sanju joginooɗo charter Royal e nder terɗe ɓurɗe heewde e Protectorate Fuɗnaange Nijeer . Caggal nde ɓe kawri, o wonti gardiiɗo gollordu, o ummini birooji makko gila Glasgow o fayti Londres. &lt;ref&gt;Rotimi, Kemi; Ogen, Olukoya (2008). &quot;Jaja and Nana in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: proto-nationalists or emergent capitalists&quot;. Journal of Pan African Studies. 2 (7).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle njulaagu ==

=== Banndiraaɓe Miller ===
Miller sosi fedde mum njulaagu, Alexander Miller, miñi mum e Co e hitaande 1868. Fedde nde ina golloroo e nder leydi Nijeer e nder Gold Coast . E kitaale 1870, Miller Bros ina jeyaa e sosiyeteeji njulaagu seeɗa ɗi njippini golle mum en njulaagu dow leydi Niiseer, e nder leydi Nijeer hannde ndii. Ngam woppude hakkundeeji daande maayo, fedde ndee soodi laana ndiwoowa ina wiyee Sultan of Sokoto . Kono e hitaande 1876, laana kaa yani e njiimaandi mawndi ummoraade e bankeeji e nder golle ɗe tuumaama ko njulaagu Liverpool e ɓiɓɓe leydi Brass, Nijeer, luulndiiɓe yiɗde Miller taƴde hakkundeeji ɗii ; luulndaade naatgol Miller e nder leydi hee, addani laana kaa waasde golloraade. Kono e hitaande 1879, Miller ina joginoo nokku njulaagu dow Niiseer. E hitaande 1879, feddeeji Oropnaaɓe jogiiɗi golle njulaagu e nokku hee kawri, mbaɗti sosde Sosiyetee ngenndiijo Afrik, caggal ɗuum anndiraa Sosiyetee Royal Niger. Firaam keso oo waɗii charter ngam golloraade e nder leyɗeele Fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya. Miller toɗɗaa ko gardiiɗo gollordu sosiyatee oo. Ko adii nde o naatata e Royal Niger co, Miller ko neɗɗo baawɗo ngalu, toɗɗagol makko e gardogol ngol ina jeyaa e ko addani mo waawde golloraade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu makko e nder fedde nde. To bannge daande maayo, golle njulaagu fedde makko ina njokkondiri no feewi e Jaja mo Opobo e fedde nde ina wondi e sahaaji nde fedde Oropnaaɓe woɗnde sosi caggal ɗuum Fedde Afrik. Banndiraaɓe Miller ɓee ceertii e feddeeji Liverpool goɗɗi gollotooɗi e nder maayooji Oil, e kitaale 1880, feddeeji Oropnaaɓe luurdi e haala jowitiika e Jaja. Jaja salii fiɓnde cogguuji ɗi fedde njulaagu ndee waɗata, ko ɗum huunde nde ajannde Miller Bros wallitnoo, Jaja caggal ɗuum yahi haa ustiri monopoli Oropnaaɓe e yeeyde Orop tawi omo joginoo njulaagu e ajanndeeji makko e nder leydi hee. Miller en ina keɓi nafoore e ooɗoo sahaa nde tawnoo ɓe ɓuri waawde heɓde geɗe e nder leydi he rewrude e hakkundeeji hono Jaja. Nde Jaja riiwaa, fedde ndee artiri nokku mum to Calabar, heɓi yeeso beach e mbaadi mbaylaandi gin walla ‘comey’ ina waɗi 20 kees gin e hitaande.  Ballal fedde nde e Jaja kadi ɓeydii darnde maɓɓe e nder hakkundeeji Afrik e fedde nde ɓeydi heen darnde mum e nder Protectorat des Rivers Oil, caggal ɗuum naati e njulaagu leɗɗe e kaɓirɗe.  E hitaande 1889, fedde ndee kadi wonti ko ŋakkiraa golle feddeeji Oropnaaɓe keddiiɗi ɗii e nder maayooji petroŋ ɗii, yiɗɓe hawrude e heɓde sarɗiiji ngam golloraade doole monopoli e nder maayooji petroŋ ɗii. Woɗɗude fedde ndee e kawral ngal ustii mbaawka jogaade monopoli e nder diiwaan hee. E hitaande 1917, fedde ndee hawri e woɗɓe seeɗa ngam sosde fedde njulaagu Afrik e Fuɗnaange .

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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Abet ko wuro nder diiwal laamu lesdi Zangon Kataf, haa woyla lesdi Kaduna nder diiwal Middle Belt lesdi Naajeeriya, ngal woni dow cakaare lesdi Naajeeriya.  Kod posto wuro ngo ko 802128.[3][2] Nokku oo ina waɗi fotde 2 509 meeteer walla 764 meeteer toowɗo, ina waɗi fotde 8 046 neɗɗo. Aeroport ɓurɗo ɓadaade renndo ngo ko Aeroport Yakubu Gowon, Jos, woni 41 nm E.  == Gure == Abet ko wuro ngo hawri e nokkuuji keewɗi ɗi yimɓe mum en pamɗi, ina jeyaa heen Abet, Ac...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="588" sha1="49ue0fses8gw3f44qsdtf3pfo8lsl7b" xml:space="preserve">Abet ko wuro nder diiwal laamu lesdi Zangon Kataf, haa woyla lesdi Kaduna nder diiwal Middle Belt lesdi Naajeeriya, ngal woni dow cakaare lesdi Naajeeriya.

Kod posto wuro ngo ko 802128.[3][2] Nokku oo ina waɗi fotde 2 509 meeteer walla 764 meeteer toowɗo, ina waɗi fotde 8 046 neɗɗo. Aeroport ɓurɗo ɓadaade renndo ngo ko Aeroport Yakubu Gowon, Jos, woni 41 nm E.

== Gure ==
Abet ko wuro ngo hawri e nokkuuji keewɗi ɗi yimɓe mum en pamɗi, ina jeyaa heen Abet, Achin, Angwan Jatau, Kumi ladde, e Marabang.[3]

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol gure nder diiwaan Kaduna

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kabiru Yahaya</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Kabiru Yahaya''' is a Nigerian politician. He was a former member of the House of Representatives, representing Talata Mafara/Anka Federal Constituency in Zamfara State. He was succeeded by Mohammed Isa Anka.[1][2][3][4]  == References == &lt;references /&gt;&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="256" sha1="6yfjnmh8j4khevpz32t1t2jb7bi1dzk" xml:space="preserve">'''Kabiru Yahaya''' is a Nigerian politician. He was a former member of the House of Representatives, representing Talata Mafara/Anka Federal Constituency in Zamfara State. He was succeeded by Mohammed Isa Anka.[1][2][3][4]

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="1655" sha1="p2gff2adflx3q4obdh919nzrcaw5tde" xml:space="preserve">'''Kabiru Yahaya''' is a Nigerian politician. He was a former member of the House of Representatives, representing Talata Mafara/Anka Federal Constituency in Zamfara State. He was succeeded by Mohammed Isa Anka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2024-11-09|title=Former Zamfara Rep, Classic Joins APC – Independent Newspaper Nigeria|url=https://independent.ng/former-zamfara-rep-classic-joins-apc/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-12-27|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-11-02|title=Just In: Suspected Terrorists Shoot Fmr. Federal Law Maker Along Gusau- Funtua Highway {{!}} AIT LIVE|url=https://ait.live/just-in-suspected-terrorists-shoot-fmr-federal-law-maker-along-gusau-funtua-highway/|access-date=2024-12-27|website=ait.live|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Abuchi|first=Joe|date=2024-11-08|title=Ex-Reps' member, Kabiru Classic, dumps PDP for APC, cites Matawalle, Yari's vision for Zamfara|url=https://authorityngr.com/2024/11/08/ex-reps-member-kabiru-classic-dumps-pdp-for-apc-cites-matawalle-yaris-vision-for-zamfara/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=2024-12-27|newspaper=[[The Authority (newspaper)|The Authority]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=III|first=Admin|date=2024-01-02|title=We commend Tinubu for ensuring 10th assembly fully participated in 2024 bugetary process – Hon Anka|url=https://blueprint.ng/we-commend-tinubu-for-ensuring-10th-assembly-fully-participated-in-2024-bugetary-process-hon-anka/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=2024-12-27|newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gazette laamu leydi Naajeeriya</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348642758|Government Gazette of the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria]]&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Flag_of_the_Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate_(1900–1914).svg|thumb|300x300px|Bannge Protectorat Fombina Naajeeriya]]
'''''Jaaynde laamu lesdi Naajeeriya''''' woni gazette laamu lesdi Naajeeriya . Nde yalti ko to Calabar ɓooyɗo hakkunde 1900 e 1906. 

Najeeriya worgo laati protectorate Britiyanko'en nder nokkuuje coorde Najeeriya hannde, tagini nder 1900 diga haɓɓugo protectorate coorde Niger bee nokkuuje ɗe Royal Niger Company mari dow Lokoja dow maayo Niger.

Ɗum fuɗɗii nder Gazette Dowla lesdi lesdi lesdi Nigeria nder lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya nder lesdi Naajeeri nder lesdi Naajenere nder lesdi Naajereriya nder lesdi naajeeri nder hitaande 1906.

== Ndaare kadi ==

* Lisi gazeetaji koloniyaal Brite

== Firooji ==</text>
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[[File:Flag_of_the_Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate_(1900–1914).svg|thumb|300x300px|Bannge Protectorat Fombina Naajeeriya]]
'''''Jaaynde laamu lesdi Naajeeriya''''' woni gazette laamu lesdi Naajeeriya . Nde yalti ko to Calabar ɓooyɗo hakkunde 1900 e 1906. 

Najeeriya worgo laati protectorate Britiyanko'en nder nokkuuje coorde Najeeriya hannde, tagini nder 1900 diga haɓɓugo protectorate coorde Niger bee nokkuuje ɗe Royal Niger Company mari dow Lokoja dow maayo Niger.

Ɗum fuɗɗii nder Gazette Dowla lesdi lesdi lesdi Nigeria nder lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya nder lesdi Naajeeri nder lesdi Naajenere nder lesdi Naajereriya nder lesdi naajeeri nder hitaande 1906.

== Ndaare kadi ==

* Lisi gazeetaji koloniyaal Brite

== Firooji ==</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348642795|Southern Nigeria Government Gazette]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''Gazette laamu Naajeeriya Fombina''''' woni gazette laamu ngam Koloniiji e Protectorate Fombina Naajeeriya . Nde yalti ko to [[Lagos]] hakkunde 1907 e 1913. 

O jeytaama Gazette laamu Protectorate of Southern Nigeria nden o jeytaama The Nigeria Gazette.

== Ndaare kadi ==

* Lisi gazeetaji koloniyaal Brite

== Firooji ==</text>
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'''''Gazette laamu Naajeeriya Fombina''''' woni gazette laamu ngam Koloniiji e Protectorate Fombina Naajeeriya . Nde yalti ko to [[Lagos]] hakkunde 1907 e 1913. 

O jeytaama Gazette laamu Protectorate of Southern Nigeria nden o jeytaama The Nigeria Gazette.

== Ndaare kadi ==

* Lisi gazeetaji koloniyaal Brite

== Firooji ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Koloni Lagos</title>
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'''Koloni Lagos''' ko jeyi koloñaal Biritaannaaɓe wonnoo ko e porto [[Lagos]] to ko woni hannde fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] . Lagos heɓtaa ko ñalnde 6 ut 1861 e dow kulhuli doole, tawi ko komandaajo Beddingfield mo laana ndiwoowa HMS &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwEg&quot;&gt;Prometheus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ina wondi e konsul Angalteer gonɗo e golle mum, hono William McCoskry . Oba Dosunmu mo Lagos (ina winndaa heen &quot;Docemo&quot; e binndanɗe Angalteer) saliima balɗe 11 e nder balɗe 11 tawi omo wondi e kulhuli bonɗi e dow Lagos e yimɓe mum,  kono o jaɓi, o siifondiri e nanondiral Lagos .  Lagos bayyinaama koloni ñalnde 5 marse 1862. {{Sfn|Worldstatesmen}} E hitaande 1872, Lagos wonnoo ko nokku njulaagu kosmopolitan, tawi yimɓe mum ina tolnoo e 60 000 neɗɗo. {{Sfn|Higman|1879}} Caggal hareeji juutɗi hakkunde leyɗeele [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] mawɗe, koloñaal oo sosi laamu dow ko ɓuri heewde e leydi Yoruba hakkunde hitaande 1890 e 1897. {{Sfn|Dupuy}} Laamu nguu naatnaa e laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Nijeer, hono Janu, e nder lewru feebariyee 1906, Lagos laati laamorgo leydi Nijeer 1914. {{Sfn|Worldstatesmen}} Gila ndeen, Lagos mawni haa wonti wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder Afrik hirnaange, tawi ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 21 neɗɗo ina nguuri heen e hitaande 2023 

== Luttugol ==
[[File:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-71-83-Lagos-cropped-tweaked.png|right|thumb|450x450px]]
Lagos fuɗɗam laati ummatoore kalluɓe haa fuunaaŋge Lagos Island, ɗo ɗon ha Lagos Lagoon, maral mawɗo ɗo ɗo ɗo ɗo luumo nder maayo Atlantika nder lesdi Afrika nder Gulf of Guinea haa hirnaange . Lagoon ɗon ɗowol diga maayo bee ɓooyɗe cembal ɓadake fuunaaŋge e hirnaange haa naati 100 km (62 ) nder laawol ɗiɗi fuu. {{Sfn|Adeaga|2005}} Lagos ina woodi safanna tropikal e sahaaji ndiyamji ɗiɗi. Wurooji ɓurɗi ɓurnugo ɗon wara diga lewru abriil haa lewru Yuli e woodi sahaaji ndiyam ɓurɗi boo nder lewru oktoobar e lewru noobambar. Limgal nguurndam nguurndama ko 1,900 milimitir. Fuuɗorde fuɗɗii 25 °C (77 °F) nder lewru Yuli haa 29 °C (84 °F) e nder lewru Maars. {{Sfn|Library of Congress}}&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

Haa duuɓi ɗuɗɗi, ko ɗum waɗi nder nokkuure nde'e ko naftoraaki e njamndi. Fuuɗugo leɗɗe palmi'en ɗon laatii ko golle rewɓe. {{Sfn|Mann|2007}} Ɓaawo ɗon ko'e maɓɓe hawti e copra diga coconut palm, grains guinea, gum copal, camwood e sesame (benne).{{Sfn|Royal Botanic Gerdens}}

== Fedde fuɗɗam ==
[[File:Cabeza_de_rey_(ciudad_yoruba).jpg|thumb|Ko hooreejo laamiiɗo [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] diga Ife, karnijum 13]]
Ɓurɗo ɓooyde Lagos ko ummatoore wuurɓe Awori [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] ɗon haandi dow leɗɗe e peninsulaji ɗi ɗon jeyaa leydi jamanuurɗi. {{Sfn|Eades|1980}} Fedde nden ɗon jooɗorugo bee yimɓe ɓe ɗon wi'a ɓe ɓaŋgi diga goɗɗo bi'eteeɗo Olofin.  &quot;Juuɓe jamanuɓe ɓe'e nder ɗoon laamiiɓe ɓe'en ɗon anndiraaɓe &quot;''Idejo''&quot; walla &quot;koofɓe ɓaleeji&quot; Lagos.

Nder karnijum 16, saare Lagos, ko anndiraa bana Eko, laatii laatii laato e laato e gardagol e gardagal Oba Benin nder wakkati laatoore nden. Ɓe waɗi suudu konu nder gariiri. Nder karnijum 17, ɗum laati gariiri maral mawɗo nder Laamu Benin. Laamuɓe Lagos gila nden wakkati ɓe mbi'i ɓe ɓaawo konu Ashipa mo woɓɓe ɗon wi'a o laamiiɗo Benin, ko bo, e nder aada Lagos, o laamiiɓe Awori mo ɗon jeyaa e laamu Benin. Yimɓe aristocracy Idejo ɗon jooɗi Yoruba. Ɓiɗɗo Ashipa maaki wuro maako nder saare Lagos, ɓiyum boo o dilli laamu nder wuro diga nder leydi Iddo. Nder 1730, Oba Lagos noddi jaaynooɓe maccuɓe Portugal to saare, to ɗon ɓaawo ɗon jaayɗe maɓɓere ɓeydi.{{Sfn|Williams|2008}} 18th century Lagos ɗon haaji ɗo ɗo ɗo laamorde Benin, amma ɗon ɓeyda ɓeydaaki hoore e ɓeydaago ɗiɗaɓere nder laamu e semmbe ngam laamu Benin ɗon ɓeydi.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>176614</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-26T15:44:19Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>12706</id>
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      <text bytes="3840" sha1="iikqk7cv4y3c31wanrup1xpg4sfv6i5" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Koloni Lagos''' ko jeyi koloñaal Biritaannaaɓe wonnoo ko e porto [[Lagos]] to ko woni hannde fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] . Lagos heɓtaa ko ñalnde 6 ut 1861 e dow kulhuli doole, tawi ko komandaajo Beddingfield mo laana ndiwoowa HMS &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwEg&quot;&gt;Prometheus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ina wondi e konsul Angalteer gonɗo e golle mum, hono William McCoskry . Oba Dosunmu mo Lagos (ina winndaa heen &quot;Docemo&quot; e binndanɗe Angalteer) saliima balɗe 11 e nder balɗe 11 tawi omo wondi e kulhuli bonɗi e dow Lagos e yimɓe mum,  kono o jaɓi, o siifondiri e nanondiral Lagos .  Lagos bayyinaama koloni ñalnde 5 marse 1862. {{Sfn|Worldstatesmen}} E hitaande 1872, Lagos wonnoo ko nokku njulaagu kosmopolitan, tawi yimɓe mum ina tolnoo e 60 000 neɗɗo. {{Sfn|Higman|1879}} Caggal hareeji juutɗi hakkunde leyɗeele [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] mawɗe, koloñaal oo sosi laamu dow ko ɓuri heewde e leydi Yoruba hakkunde hitaande 1890 e 1897. {{Sfn|Dupuy}} Laamu nguu naatnaa e laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Nijeer, hono Janu, e nder lewru feebariyee 1906, Lagos laati laamorgo leydi Nijeer 1914. {{Sfn|Worldstatesmen}} Gila ndeen, Lagos mawni haa wonti wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder Afrik hirnaange, tawi ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 21 neɗɗo ina nguuri heen e hitaande 2023 

== Luttugol ==
[[File:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-71-83-Lagos-cropped-tweaked.png|right|thumb|450x450px]]
Lagos fuɗɗam laati ummatoore kalluɓe haa fuunaaŋge Lagos Island, ɗo ɗon ha Lagos Lagoon, maral mawɗo ɗo ɗo ɗo ɗo luumo nder maayo Atlantika nder lesdi Afrika nder Gulf of Guinea haa hirnaange . Lagoon ɗon ɗowol diga maayo bee ɓooyɗe cembal ɓadake fuunaaŋge e hirnaange haa naati 100 km (62 ) nder laawol ɗiɗi fuu. {{Sfn|Adeaga|2005}} Lagos ina woodi safanna tropikal e sahaaji ndiyamji ɗiɗi. Wurooji ɓurɗi ɓurnugo ɗon wara diga lewru abriil haa lewru Yuli e woodi sahaaji ndiyam ɓurɗi boo nder lewru oktoobar e lewru noobambar. Limgal nguurndam nguurndama ko 1,900 milimitir. Fuuɗorde fuɗɗii 25 °C (77 °F) nder lewru Yuli haa 29 °C (84 °F) e nder lewru Maars. {{Sfn|Library of Congress}}&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

Haa duuɓi ɗuɗɗi, ko ɗum waɗi nder nokkuure nde'e ko naftoraaki e njamndi. Fuuɗugo leɗɗe palmi'en ɗon laatii ko golle rewɓe. {{Sfn|Mann|2007}} Ɓaawo ɗon ko'e maɓɓe hawti e copra diga coconut palm, grains guinea, gum copal, camwood e sesame (benne).{{Sfn|Royal Botanic Gerdens}}

== Fedde fuɗɗam ==
[[File:Cabeza_de_rey_(ciudad_yoruba).jpg|thumb|Ko hooreejo laamiiɗo [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] diga Ife, karnijum 13]]
Ɓurɗo ɓooyde Lagos ko ummatoore wuurɓe Awori [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] ɗon haandi dow leɗɗe e peninsulaji ɗi ɗon jeyaa leydi jamanuurɗi. {{Sfn|Eades|1980}} Fedde nden ɗon jooɗorugo bee yimɓe ɓe ɗon wi'a ɓe ɓaŋgi diga goɗɗo bi'eteeɗo Olofin.  &quot;Juuɓe jamanuɓe ɓe'e nder ɗoon laamiiɓe ɓe'en ɗon anndiraaɓe &quot;''Idejo''&quot; walla &quot;koofɓe ɓaleeji&quot; Lagos.

Nder karnijum 16, saare Lagos, ko anndiraa bana Eko, laatii laatii laato e laato e gardagol e gardagal Oba Benin nder wakkati laatoore nden. Ɓe waɗi suudu konu nder gariiri. Nder karnijum 17, ɗum laati gariiri maral mawɗo nder Laamu Benin. Laamuɓe Lagos gila nden wakkati ɓe mbi'i ɓe ɓaawo konu Ashipa mo woɓɓe ɗon wi'a o laamiiɗo Benin, ko bo, e nder aada Lagos, o laamiiɓe Awori mo ɗon jeyaa e laamu Benin. Yimɓe aristocracy Idejo ɗon jooɗi Yoruba. Ɓiɗɗo Ashipa maaki wuro maako nder saare Lagos, ɓiyum boo o dilli laamu nder wuro diga nder leydi Iddo. Nder 1730, Oba Lagos noddi jaaynooɓe maccuɓe Portugal to saare, to ɗon ɓaawo ɗon jaayɗe maɓɓere ɓeydi.{{Sfn|Williams|2008}} 18th century Lagos ɗon haaji ɗo ɗo ɗo laamorde Benin, amma ɗon ɓeyda ɓeydaaki hoore e ɓeydaago ɗiɗaɓere nder laamu e semmbe ngam laamu Benin ɗon ɓeydi.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Koolaaɗo kuuɓal leydi Niiseer</title>
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      <id>176619</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-26T16:14:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>12706</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354881512|Niger Coast Protectorate]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Protektoraat Coast Niger''' ko protektoraat Angalteer to nokku maayooji petroŋ e nder [[Naajeeriya|leydi Niiseer]] hannde, sosaa ko adii fof ko '''Protektoraat maayooji petroŋ''' e hitaande 1884, tabitinaa e batu Berlin hitaande rewtunde ndee. Innde nde waylaama ñalnde 12 mee 1893, nde hawri e leyɗeele charterɗe ɗe Kompañi Royal Niger ñalnde 1 lewru Yarkomaa 1900 ngam sosde Protectorat Sud Nigeria .
[[File:Niger_Coast_Scott_44.jpg|left|thumb|179x179px|Laamiiɗo Victoria dow tampere lesdi Niger Coast Protectorate, 1894]]
Deftere protectorate ɗon hawta bee maayo fuunaaŋge nder lesdi Nigeria, e nder haala haala, ɗon hawta nder lesdi haa Lokoja. Ɗum haɓɓii ngam huwtoree e hakkillaaji jaaynde mawnde e naftoraade naftoraaku palmi, je ɗon yahda nder Calabar e Niger Delta, e je ɗon hokki koode feere feere nder nokkuure nden innde koode naftoraaku.

== Firooji ==</text>
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      <text bytes="885" sha1="ild0onnk9wnj59jk45wz5ly2gywupk9" xml:space="preserve">'''Protektoraat Coast Niger''' ko protektoraat Angalteer to nokku maayooji petroŋ e nder [[Naajeeriya|leydi Niiseer]] hannde, sosaa ko adii fof ko '''Protektoraat maayooji petroŋ''' e hitaande 1884, tabitinaa e batu Berlin hitaande rewtunde ndee. Innde nde waylaama ñalnde 12 mee 1893, nde hawri e leyɗeele charterɗe ɗe Kompañi Royal Niger ñalnde 1 lewru Yarkomaa 1900 ngam sosde Protectorat Sud Nigeria .
[[File:Niger_Coast_Scott_44.jpg|left|thumb|179x179px|Laamiiɗo Victoria dow tampere lesdi Niger Coast Protectorate, 1894]]
Deftere protectorate ɗon hawta bee maayo fuunaaŋge nder lesdi Nigeria, e nder haala haala, ɗon hawta nder lesdi haa Lokoja. Ɗum haɓɓii ngam huwtoree e hakkillaaji jaaynde mawnde e naftoraade naftoraaku palmi, je ɗon yahda nder Calabar e Niger Delta, e je ɗon hokki koode feere feere nder nokkuure nden innde koode naftoraaku.

== Firooji ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pound Najeriya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>42598</id>
    <revision>
      <id>176621</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-26T16:16:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>12706</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357470200|Nigerian pound]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Pound''' woni kaalis leydi [[Naajeeriya|Nijeer]] hakkunde 1907 e 1973. Haa hitaande 1958, Nijeer huutortonoo ko pound Afrik hirnaange Angalteer, caggal ɗuum o yaltini kaalis mum. Pound oo feccii ko e 20 shilling, heen gooto fof ina waɗi 12 penny, No nanndi e Pre-decimal [[Biritaani-Mawndi|UK]] e leyɗeele £sd keewɗe goɗɗe. Pound Najeriya, e dow nanondiral e sterling mo waylo-waylo weeyo,  lomtinaama e hitaande 1973 e ''naira'' desimal e tolno £1 = ₦2,  ɗum waɗi Najeriya leydi cakkitiindi woppude mbaydi kaalis £sd ko adii desimal .

== Fedde ==
Ko'e coɓɗe ɓe ɓe wurtini nder 1959 nder ko'e , 1, 3 e 6 pence, 1 e 2 shillingji. Ko'e fe'ere e fe'ere fuɗi ɗi'e ɗon nder nder ndun e nder ndun. 3d coin, huutunde nder nickel-brass, wondi feeroore ɓurɗe ɓesdaare e ɓesdaade e ɗiɗi e tati e tati e nder nder UK, Fiji e Jersey. Ko ɓuri mawnugo ɗon ɓe taƴi nder copro-nickel. 
[[File:1_Nigerian_Shilling_(Reverse).png|thumb|1 Shilling lesdi Naijeriya]]

== Bankooji ==
Nder 1918, dowla waɗi kuugal haajje nder ko'e ko'e 1/-, 10/- e 20/-. Nder hitaande 1959, Banki Ngenndi lesdi Naajeeriya waɗi noteeji nder limce 5/- e 10/-, £1 e £5. Ɗe tati nder nder nder nder dowre nden ɓe wurtini note nder 1958, 1967 e nder 1968.

== Ndaare kadi ==

* Fedde lesdi Nigeria

== Firooji ==</text>
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    <revision>
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        <id>7270</id>
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      <comment>Fix</comment>
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      <text bytes="1308" sha1="1urgtc8ic3q5iiq7whl7utghp4mp9pa" xml:space="preserve">'''Pound''' woni kaalis leydi [[Naajeeriya|Nijeer]] hakkunde 1907 e 1973. Haa hitaande 1958, Nijeer huutortonoo ko pound Afrik hirnaange Angalteer, caggal ɗuum o yaltini kaalis mum. Pound oo feccii ko e 20 shilling, heen gooto fof ina waɗi 12 penny, No nanndi e Pre-decimal [[Biritaani-Mawndi|UK]] e leyɗeele £sd keewɗe goɗɗe. Pound Najeriya, e dow nanondiral e sterling mo waylo-waylo weeyo,  lomtinaama e hitaande 1973 e ''naira'' desimal e tolno £1 = ₦2,  ɗum waɗi Najeriya leydi cakkitiindi woppude mbaydi kaalis £sd ko adii desimal .

== Fedde ==
Ko'e coɓɗe ɓe ɓe wurtini nder 1959 nder ko'e , 1, 3 e 6 pence, 1 e 2 shillingji. Ko'e fe'ere e fe'ere fuɗi ɗi'e ɗon nder nder ndun e nder ndun. 3d coin, huutunde nder nickel-brass, wondi feeroore ɓurɗe ɓesdaare e ɓesdaade e ɗiɗi e tati e tati e nder nder UK, Fiji e Jersey. Ko ɓuri mawnugo ɗon ɓe taƴi nder copro-nickel. 
[[File:1_Nigerian_Shilling_(Reverse).png|thumb|1 Shilling lesdi Naijeriya]]

== Bankooji ==
Nder 1918, dowla waɗi kuugal haajje nder ko'e ko'e 1/-, 10/- e 20/-. Nder hitaande 1959, Banki Ngenndi lesdi Naajeeriya waɗi noteeji nder limce 5/- e 10/-, £1 e £5. Ɗe tati nder nder nder nder dowre nden ɓe wurtini note nder 1958, 1967 e nder 1968.

== Ndaare kadi ==

* Fedde lesdi Nigeria

== Firooji ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Najeriyaagal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>42599</id>
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      <id>176623</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-26T16:18:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>12706</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1322486200|Nigerianisation]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Nigerianisation''' woni politik jannginki e jokkirgol Naajeeriya'en haa kuuɗe ɗe yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje nder kuuɗe laamu [[Naajeeriya]] . {{Sfn|McStallworth|1961}} Laawol ngol ɓuri huutoreede ko e kitaale 1950. Ko seeɗa-seeɗa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yuɓɓinde golle laamu e yaajnaade nokkuuji jaŋde e nder duɗe toowɗe e kolees cuɓaaɗe. Naajeeriya laati nafuuda wakkati [[Naajeeriya]] yahi haa lesdi Naajeeriya, Kawtal Jaagorɗo lesdi Naajeeriya e suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Naajeeriya fuu ɗon mari bawɗe dow ko laarani lesdi Naajeeriya dow kuuɗe mawɗe ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya bana binnditaaki duumiiɗi .

== Ɓaawoore ==

=== Kuugal koloniya ===
Nder duuɓi 1930, laamu koloniyaal laatii go'o e laamorde London, waɗugo ɗum laamu laamu go'o.{{Sfn|Mackintosh|1966}} Ngam sistem go'oto ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon haɓɓugo e haɓɓugo jami'en nder kuugal lesdi Nigeria ɗon haɓɓuki nder suudu London, wakkati ɗon ɗon haɓa haɓɓugo afriknaaɓe. Nder lesdi Naijeriya, darnde masin koloniyaal hokki semmbe dow laamu tartiibe e darnde ummatoore fuɗɗiiɓe, ardiiɓe division e ardiiɓe to diiwaanuuji to ɓe ɗon hawta bee Yimɓe. Sistem go'oto waɗi kadi jaajorgal burookratik be jaajorɓe jaajorɗe ngam haalde e London. Ko adii e ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ɗee, ko e nder ɓesngu yimɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗata e nder leydi ndii, e nder leydi hee, ko e dow yimɓe ɓe njaaraama e nder leydi goɗɗi, ko e leyɗeele ɗi ɓe njooɗata e leydi ndii.{{Sfn|Mackintosh|1966}}

Ha fuɗɗam konu duuniyaaru ɗiɗaɓo, Nigeria woodi jaajol mawɗo nder jaajol, ha nder yimɓe ɓe njaaraama. Ammaa kuuɗe ɗe yimɓe ɓe njaaraama fuɗɗiima ɓeydaade, haala ɓeydaama ngam feere feere, ko hawti e lowre ceede, darnde yimɓe ɓe njaariama nder konu, darnde fuɗɗam, yaasi e yimɓe ɓe njaarata e maɓɓe{{Sfn|Mackintosh|1966}} e ɓeydaaki ɓeydaago laamu ɗe ɓe mbaawaa jaɓugo. {{Sfn|Mackintosh|1966}} Caggal konu, huutoreejo sahaaji haɓɓii ngam ɗaɓɓitaade ɓeydaaki yimɓe. Komissiya ɗon sembiɗina naftoraaki wolde &quot;kooreeje mawɗe&quot; ngam kuugalji jaangooji nder jaangooji e nder diiwaanuuji ɗi yimɓe Europeeji ɗon mari e anndiraaɓe &quot;kooreeji Europeeji&quot;. &quot;Naajeje kese&quot; boo wari e jaaynde e jaayndi e jaayndaare, nden &quot;ji'e Afrik&quot; ɗon anndina bana je'e nder lesdi, ammaa ɗon mari keewal. Diga 1930s, limgal Naijeriya'en fuɗɗam ha Senegaal ɓe ɓe ɓeydooɓe jaangirde mission ɓe ɓeydi.{{Sfn|Mackintosh|1966}} Afriknaaɓe jannginooɓe hawti e woɓɓe nder kuugal ummaatoore e yimɓe lesdi fuɗɗiima haani ngam ɓeydaago hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya nder kuugal mawɗo nder laamu. {{Sfn|Nwankwo|1980}} Nigerianization waɗi bana haɓugo bee hakkilantaaki e koloniyaalis.

Kaŋko 1948, mawɓe mawɓe ɓe ɓeen ɓeen ɓe ɓeen ko ɓeen ɓe Afriknaaɓe ɓeen ɓe njiɗi ɓe ɓeen.{{Sfn|Mackintosh|1966}} Mawɓe koloniyaal nder Londuna e nder Naijeriya ɓe ɓe sakkitii ɓamtaare e jaɓugo afriknaaɓe jannginooɓe haa ɓe njogii kuugal mawɗo, hawti e ɓe ɓe ɓe fewti bana Henry Rawlingson Carr e Joseph McEwen. {{Sfn|Nwankwo|1980}} Nder caka 1948, nder darnde 3,786 mawɓe, 245 ɓe Afriknaaɓe, 1,245 ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa e yimɓe ɓe ɗon njooɗoto.{{Sfn|Mackintosh|1966}} Ngam hawta ɓeydaaki afriknaaɓe nder kuugal ummaatoore, fuɗɗam fuɗɗii e jaɓɓorgo jaɓɓorgal dow kuuɗe ummaatoore e ko haani.

=== 1948-1952 ===
Ko gomɗinal arande woni gomɗinal fuɗɗam fuɗɗam, fuɗɗam e golle heɓugo laabi ngam suɓugo yimɓe Nigeria jeyaaɓe e ɓe keɓii limte ngam huuwugo nder kuugal ummaatoore.{{Sfn|Mackintosh|1966}}{{Sfn|Olusanya|1982}} Firo komiseeji ɗon hokki habaruji ɗi ɗon ɓeyda. Huɓɓugo huɓɓugo hujjugo huɓɓungo huɓɓugo yimɓe ngam huɓɓugo hawtaade e huɓɓugo huuɓugo huɓɓigo huɓɓugo ngam huɓɓude huɓɓugo maɓɓe. {{Sfn|Olusanya|1982}} Nder hitaande nden, leydi leydi leydi ndii haɓɓii leydi Nigeria ngam waɗugo laamu nder leydi ndii ngam halki waɗugo ko Foot wi'i. Sistem kesum boo ɓeydi dow darnde nder ɓamtaare siyasa ngam yimɓe Nigeria ɓe janngini ɓe ɓe suɓii ɓe ngaɗaako nder kuugal ummaatoore. Nder duuɓi goɗɗi diga nde komisyon ngal wurtini warugo Naato, ardiiɓe siyasa lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Nigeria ɗon hawtaayi ngam ɓe ɗon haɓɓugo yimɓe lesdi Nigeria ɓe mari limce haa nder kuugal ummaatoore. Ɗuum tagdi feere-feere nder lesdi woyla ɓurna fu ɗo laamorde taƴre ɗo laamɓe ɗo ɗo ɗo ɗo laamde ɗo, Jaŋde hirnaange ɗon haani, ngam maajum ɗuuɗal yimɓe woyla ɓe ɗon mari limce ɗon ɗuuɗa. Dowla lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi man man ɗon hulugo ngam ɓe ɗon ɗaɓɓa lesdi man nder lesdi man ngam ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa lesdi lesdi man.{{Sfn|Olusanya|1982}}

== Ɗeɗe ==</text>
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'''Nigerianisation''' woni politik jannginki e jokkirgol Naajeeriya'en haa kuuɗe ɗe yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje nder kuuɗe laamu [[Naajeeriya]] . {{Sfn|McStallworth|1961}} Laawol ngol ɓuri huutoreede ko e kitaale 1950. Ko seeɗa-seeɗa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yuɓɓinde golle laamu e yaajnaade nokkuuji jaŋde e nder duɗe toowɗe e kolees cuɓaaɗe. Naajeeriya laati nafuuda wakkati [[Naajeeriya]] yahi haa lesdi Naajeeriya, Kawtal Jaagorɗo lesdi Naajeeriya e suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Naajeeriya fuu ɗon mari bawɗe dow ko laarani lesdi Naajeeriya dow kuuɗe mawɗe ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya bana binnditaaki duumiiɗi .

== Ɓaawoore ==

=== Kuugal koloniya ===
Nder duuɓi 1930, laamu koloniyaal laatii go'o e laamorde London, waɗugo ɗum laamu laamu go'o.{{Sfn|Mackintosh|1966}} Ngam sistem go'oto ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon haɓɓugo e haɓɓugo jami'en nder kuugal lesdi Nigeria ɗon haɓɓuki nder suudu London, wakkati ɗon ɗon haɓa haɓɓugo afriknaaɓe. Nder lesdi Naijeriya, darnde masin koloniyaal hokki semmbe dow laamu tartiibe e darnde ummatoore fuɗɗiiɓe, ardiiɓe division e ardiiɓe to diiwaanuuji to ɓe ɗon hawta bee Yimɓe. Sistem go'oto waɗi kadi jaajorgal burookratik be jaajorɓe jaajorɗe ngam haalde e London. Ko adii e ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ɗee, ko e nder ɓesngu yimɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗata e nder leydi ndii, e nder leydi hee, ko e dow yimɓe ɓe njaaraama e nder leydi goɗɗi, ko e leyɗeele ɗi ɓe njooɗata e leydi ndii.{{Sfn|Mackintosh|1966}}

Ha fuɗɗam konu duuniyaaru ɗiɗaɓo, Nigeria woodi jaajol mawɗo nder jaajol, ha nder yimɓe ɓe njaaraama. Ammaa kuuɗe ɗe yimɓe ɓe njaaraama fuɗɗiima ɓeydaade, haala ɓeydaama ngam feere feere, ko hawti e lowre ceede, darnde yimɓe ɓe njaariama nder konu, darnde fuɗɗam, yaasi e yimɓe ɓe njaarata e maɓɓe{{Sfn|Mackintosh|1966}} e ɓeydaaki ɓeydaago laamu ɗe ɓe mbaawaa jaɓugo. {{Sfn|Mackintosh|1966}} Caggal konu, huutoreejo sahaaji haɓɓii ngam ɗaɓɓitaade ɓeydaaki yimɓe. Komissiya ɗon sembiɗina naftoraaki wolde &quot;kooreeje mawɗe&quot; ngam kuugalji jaangooji nder jaangooji e nder diiwaanuuji ɗi yimɓe Europeeji ɗon mari e anndiraaɓe &quot;kooreeji Europeeji&quot;. &quot;Naajeje kese&quot; boo wari e jaaynde e jaayndi e jaayndaare, nden &quot;ji'e Afrik&quot; ɗon anndina bana je'e nder lesdi, ammaa ɗon mari keewal. Diga 1930s, limgal Naijeriya'en fuɗɗam ha Senegaal ɓe ɓe ɓeydooɓe jaangirde mission ɓe ɓeydi.{{Sfn|Mackintosh|1966}} Afriknaaɓe jannginooɓe hawti e woɓɓe nder kuugal ummaatoore e yimɓe lesdi fuɗɗiima haani ngam ɓeydaago hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya nder kuugal mawɗo nder laamu. {{Sfn|Nwankwo|1980}} Nigerianization waɗi bana haɓugo bee hakkilantaaki e koloniyaalis.

Kaŋko 1948, mawɓe mawɓe ɓe ɓeen ɓeen ɓe ɓeen ko ɓeen ɓe Afriknaaɓe ɓeen ɓe njiɗi ɓe ɓeen.{{Sfn|Mackintosh|1966}} Mawɓe koloniyaal nder Londuna e nder Naijeriya ɓe ɓe sakkitii ɓamtaare e jaɓugo afriknaaɓe jannginooɓe haa ɓe njogii kuugal mawɗo, hawti e ɓe ɓe ɓe fewti bana Henry Rawlingson Carr e Joseph McEwen. {{Sfn|Nwankwo|1980}} Nder caka 1948, nder darnde 3,786 mawɓe, 245 ɓe Afriknaaɓe, 1,245 ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa e yimɓe ɓe ɗon njooɗoto.{{Sfn|Mackintosh|1966}} Ngam hawta ɓeydaaki afriknaaɓe nder kuugal ummaatoore, fuɗɗam fuɗɗii e jaɓɓorgo jaɓɓorgal dow kuuɗe ummaatoore e ko haani.

=== 1948-1952 ===
Ko gomɗinal arande woni gomɗinal fuɗɗam fuɗɗam, fuɗɗam e golle heɓugo laabi ngam suɓugo yimɓe Nigeria jeyaaɓe e ɓe keɓii limte ngam huuwugo nder kuugal ummaatoore.{{Sfn|Mackintosh|1966}}{{Sfn|Olusanya|1982}} Firo komiseeji ɗon hokki habaruji ɗi ɗon ɓeyda. Huɓɓugo huɓɓugo hujjugo huɓɓungo huɓɓugo yimɓe ngam huɓɓugo hawtaade e huɓɓugo huuɓugo huɓɓigo huɓɓugo ngam huɓɓude huɓɓugo maɓɓe. {{Sfn|Olusanya|1982}} Nder hitaande nden, leydi leydi leydi ndii haɓɓii leydi Nigeria ngam waɗugo laamu nder leydi ndii ngam halki waɗugo ko Foot wi'i. Sistem kesum boo ɓeydi dow darnde nder ɓamtaare siyasa ngam yimɓe Nigeria ɓe janngini ɓe ɓe suɓii ɓe ngaɗaako nder kuugal ummaatoore. Nder duuɓi goɗɗi diga nde komisyon ngal wurtini warugo Naato, ardiiɓe siyasa lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Nigeria ɗon hawtaayi ngam ɓe ɗon haɓɓugo yimɓe lesdi Nigeria ɓe mari limce haa nder kuugal ummaatoore. Ɗuum tagdi feere-feere nder lesdi woyla ɓurna fu ɗo laamorde taƴre ɗo laamɓe ɗo ɗo ɗo ɗo laamde ɗo, Jaŋde hirnaange ɗon haani, ngam maajum ɗuuɗal yimɓe woyla ɓe ɗon mari limce ɗon ɗuuɗa. Dowla lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi man man ɗon hulugo ngam ɓe ɗon ɗaɓɓa lesdi man nder lesdi man ngam ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa lesdi lesdi man.{{Sfn|Olusanya|1982}}

== Ɗeɗe ==</text>
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    <title>Jaaynde Naajeeriya woylaare</title>
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'''''Gazette Naajeeriya woylaare''''' laati gazette laamu lesdi Biritaniya haa lesdi Naajeeriya woylaare . Nde yalti ko hakkunde 1900 e 1913. 

Ɗum tokki nder The Nigeria Gazette.

== Ndaare kadi ==

* Lisi gazeetaji koloniyaal Brite

== Firooji ==</text>
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'''''Gazette Naajeeriya woylaare''''' laati gazette laamu lesdi Biritaniya haa lesdi Naajeeriya woylaare . Nde yalti ko hakkunde 1900 e 1913. 

Ɗum tokki nder The Nigeria Gazette.

== Ndaare kadi ==

* Lisi gazeetaji koloniyaal Brite

== Firooji ==</text>
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'''Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya''' ( [[Hausare|Hausa]] : ''Arewacin Najeriya'' ) ko leydi Biritaannaaɓe ndi duumii ko e hitaande 1900 haa 1914, ndi suddii ko bannge worgo ko wiyetee hannde [[Naajeeriya]] .

Protectorate ɗon ɓooydi dow 660,000 km (255,000 ) e hawti e emirates Sokoto Caliphate e geɗe nder laamu Bornu, je ɗoɓi nder 1902. Hooreejo arandeejo leydi ndii ko Frederick Lugard, mo halfinii maccuɓe e ɓooyma e ɓoolde e waɗde sistemal laamu nder leydi ndii.

Protectorate'en ɗon timmi haa 1 lewru Janaare 1914, nde nokkuure maako ɗon hawta bee Protectorate lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Naijeriya e [[Koloni Lagos|Koloniya Lagos]], bana lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya.

== Fedde ==
[[File:Map_of_Northern_Nigeria_(1911).png|left|thumb|292x292px|Map of the protectorate 1911 showing its provinces]]
Kawtal Berlin nder 1884 e 1885 hokki leydi ndii ko laatii lesdi Najeeriya woyla to Ingliisi. Royal Niger Company haɓɓii nder hitaande 1886 e George Taubman Goldie wonde mawɗo laamiiɗo. Kampaani ɗon yahda nder lesdi e ɗon jaɓɓa dookaji jaaynde e dookaji siyasa, wakkati feere ɗon je ɗon je ɗon ɓaŋga, bee mawɓe lesdi. Nder hitaande 1897, Frederick Lugard waɗi hooreejo gardiiɗo lesdi Afrik hirnaange, ngam o hawti bee halki [[Pullo|Fulani]]'en e haɓɓuki Farayse'en nder lesdi hirnaange.

E 1 lewru Janaare 1900, dabare Royal Niger Company's charter hawtiti, laamu British hoo'i hakkillaaji, nder kuugal nde Lugard nanngi habaru.   Royal Niger Company hokki £ 865,000 e hokki hakkilo dow feccere fuu ceede nder nder nder nder nokkuuje nder duuɓi 99 ngam hokki leydi to laamu Biritaniya. Lord Lugard haɓi hooreejo mawɗo lesdi lesdi lesdi Nigeria. Lokoja laati laamorgo diga 1900, amma Zungeru laati laamorgol protectorate nder 1902 ngam ɗum woni laamorgo ɓurɗo haa woyla to wuro haa yaasi bee koolaaji maayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Temple&quot; /&gt;

== Lamu konu ==
Kuugal konu fuɗɗii nder 1902 nden fuɗɗi duuɓi jowi nder haɓre. Ɓooyɗe laamu Bornu ɓe laɓɓini nder 1902 e Sokoto Caliphate nden ɓe laɓɓina nder konu Kano. Wondiral fuɗɗii nder 1904 to Bassa. Nder 1906, Mahdist ma'ajji fuɗɗii nder gariiri Sokoto nder gariiri Satiru. Woni fuɗɗamji laamu Afrik hirnaange fuɗɗam ɓe neldi ngam halki haɓre; nde Muhammadu Attahiru II nani haala ko waɗi, o neldi fuɗɗam fuɗɗam 300 Sokoto e fuɗɗam ɓaawo Mallam Isa ngam hawtaɓe. Luttuɓe ɓeen ɓeen ɓe mbaɗi ko ɓe mbaɗi, ɓe mbaɗi ɗum ko ɓe mbaɗata e nder leydi ndii. Caggal 1907 woodi ɓeydi ɓeydi rewol e naftiraaki semmbe konu e British e focus High Commissioner yaaki dow taƴuki e jaango. [Njiɗol ko haani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Jaɓɓorgo Kewuuji ==
Laamu Angalteer fuɗɗorii ko Frederick Lugard woni Komiseer mawɗo gadano. E hitaande 1907, Lugard ummii Naajeeriya fayi Hong Kong, Percy Girouard wonti Komiseer mawɗo keso. Girouard ina joginoo daartol juutngol e mahngo laana njoorndi to Kanadaa e [[Afrik]], o halfinaa mahngo laana njoorndi mawka e nder Protectorate. E hitaande 1909, Henry Hesketh Bell, guwerneer leydi Uganndaa toɗɗaa komisariyaajo mawɗo.  E hitaande 1912, ina hiisa wonde nokkuuji Fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya ina tolnoo e 660,000 square kilometres (255,000 mi   ina waɗi fotde miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo. Charles Lindsay Temple wonti hooreejo komisariyaajo e hitaande 1911 e 1912 o fuɗɗii ƴeewtaade, e ballondiral tiiɗngal e Lugard, sosde Koloni e Protektoraat Naajeeriya .

Gooto nder kuuɗe laamorde nder lesdi Najeeriya woylaare woni hawtuki ardiiɓe e emira'en - hawti e emira Bornu - bana &quot;laamorde asli&quot; nder laamorde Britaniya. (tellee e kuuɗe ɗe nootiri e ardiiɓe, rajas, e maharajas nder leydi Britaniya). Fuuje footiima footi e nder protectorate nder duuɓi arandeeji laamu British. Lugard's heɓaaki haɓɓugo lekki poll fuɗɗii ngam Emirates, haɗi haɓɓugo feccere e dow ko'e feccere nder ko'e e heɓaaki lekki nder ko'o nder ko'a nder ko'i nder ko'u nder ko'en nder ko'ol fuɗɗii ko'e nder ko'al.&lt;ref name=&quot;Newbury&quot; /&gt; Ɗuum waɗi ɓeydaaki mawnde nder ceede Protectorate nden ngam kuugal golle ummatoore footi hokki ɗum ceede diga laamu British. Ngam maajum, Britaniya'en ɗon mari ɓillaaji yimɓe Britaniya'e ɓaawo 1907. Ɗi'e hawti e hawtiinde e hakkillaaji aadaaji nder laamu British.&lt;ref name=&quot;Newbury&quot; /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="4461" sha1="ow8hq28pf68yw8rozp0ftqdw9zezila" xml:space="preserve">'''Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya''' ( [[Hausare|Hausa]] : ''Arewacin Najeriya'' ) ko leydi Biritaannaaɓe ndi duumii ko e hitaande 1900 haa 1914, ndi suddii ko bannge worgo ko wiyetee hannde [[Naajeeriya]] .

Protectorate ɗon ɓooydi dow 660,000 km (255,000 ) e hawti e emirates Sokoto Caliphate e geɗe nder laamu Bornu, je ɗoɓi nder 1902. Hooreejo arandeejo leydi ndii ko Frederick Lugard, mo halfinii maccuɓe e ɓooyma e ɓoolde e waɗde sistemal laamu nder leydi ndii.

Protectorate'en ɗon timmi haa 1 lewru Janaare 1914, nde nokkuure maako ɗon hawta bee Protectorate lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Naijeriya e [[Koloni Lagos|Koloniya Lagos]], bana lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya.

== Fedde ==
[[File:Map_of_Northern_Nigeria_(1911).png|left|thumb|292x292px|Map of the protectorate 1911 showing its provinces]]
Kawtal Berlin nder 1884 e 1885 hokki leydi ndii ko laatii lesdi Najeeriya woyla to Ingliisi. Royal Niger Company haɓɓii nder hitaande 1886 e George Taubman Goldie wonde mawɗo laamiiɗo. Kampaani ɗon yahda nder lesdi e ɗon jaɓɓa dookaji jaaynde e dookaji siyasa, wakkati feere ɗon je ɗon je ɗon ɓaŋga, bee mawɓe lesdi. Nder hitaande 1897, Frederick Lugard waɗi hooreejo gardiiɗo lesdi Afrik hirnaange, ngam o hawti bee halki [[Pullo|Fulani]]'en e haɓɓuki Farayse'en nder lesdi hirnaange.

E 1 lewru Janaare 1900, dabare Royal Niger Company's charter hawtiti, laamu British hoo'i hakkillaaji, nder kuugal nde Lugard nanngi habaru.   Royal Niger Company hokki £ 865,000 e hokki hakkilo dow feccere fuu ceede nder nder nder nder nokkuuje nder duuɓi 99 ngam hokki leydi to laamu Biritaniya. Lord Lugard haɓi hooreejo mawɗo lesdi lesdi lesdi Nigeria. Lokoja laati laamorgo diga 1900, amma Zungeru laati laamorgol protectorate nder 1902 ngam ɗum woni laamorgo ɓurɗo haa woyla to wuro haa yaasi bee koolaaji maayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Temple&quot; /&gt;

== Lamu konu ==
Kuugal konu fuɗɗii nder 1902 nden fuɗɗi duuɓi jowi nder haɓre. Ɓooyɗe laamu Bornu ɓe laɓɓini nder 1902 e Sokoto Caliphate nden ɓe laɓɓina nder konu Kano. Wondiral fuɗɗii nder 1904 to Bassa. Nder 1906, Mahdist ma'ajji fuɗɗii nder gariiri Sokoto nder gariiri Satiru. Woni fuɗɗamji laamu Afrik hirnaange fuɗɗam ɓe neldi ngam halki haɓre; nde Muhammadu Attahiru II nani haala ko waɗi, o neldi fuɗɗam fuɗɗam 300 Sokoto e fuɗɗam ɓaawo Mallam Isa ngam hawtaɓe. Luttuɓe ɓeen ɓeen ɓe mbaɗi ko ɓe mbaɗi, ɓe mbaɗi ɗum ko ɓe mbaɗata e nder leydi ndii. Caggal 1907 woodi ɓeydi ɓeydi rewol e naftiraaki semmbe konu e British e focus High Commissioner yaaki dow taƴuki e jaango. [Njiɗol ko haani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Jaɓɓorgo Kewuuji ==
Laamu Angalteer fuɗɗorii ko Frederick Lugard woni Komiseer mawɗo gadano. E hitaande 1907, Lugard ummii Naajeeriya fayi Hong Kong, Percy Girouard wonti Komiseer mawɗo keso. Girouard ina joginoo daartol juutngol e mahngo laana njoorndi to Kanadaa e [[Afrik]], o halfinaa mahngo laana njoorndi mawka e nder Protectorate. E hitaande 1909, Henry Hesketh Bell, guwerneer leydi Uganndaa toɗɗaa komisariyaajo mawɗo.  E hitaande 1912, ina hiisa wonde nokkuuji Fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya ina tolnoo e 660,000 square kilometres (255,000 mi   ina waɗi fotde miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo. Charles Lindsay Temple wonti hooreejo komisariyaajo e hitaande 1911 e 1912 o fuɗɗii ƴeewtaade, e ballondiral tiiɗngal e Lugard, sosde Koloni e Protektoraat Naajeeriya .

Gooto nder kuuɗe laamorde nder lesdi Najeeriya woylaare woni hawtuki ardiiɓe e emira'en - hawti e emira Bornu - bana &quot;laamorde asli&quot; nder laamorde Britaniya. (tellee e kuuɗe ɗe nootiri e ardiiɓe, rajas, e maharajas nder leydi Britaniya). Fuuje footiima footi e nder protectorate nder duuɓi arandeeji laamu British. Lugard's heɓaaki haɓɓugo lekki poll fuɗɗii ngam Emirates, haɗi haɓɓugo feccere e dow ko'e feccere nder ko'e e heɓaaki lekki nder ko'o nder ko'a nder ko'i nder ko'u nder ko'en nder ko'ol fuɗɗii ko'e nder ko'al.&lt;ref name=&quot;Newbury&quot; /&gt; Ɗuum waɗi ɓeydaaki mawnde nder ceede Protectorate nden ngam kuugal golle ummatoore footi hokki ɗum ceede diga laamu British. Ngam maajum, Britaniya'en ɗon mari ɓillaaji yimɓe Britaniya'e ɓaawo 1907. Ɗi'e hawti e hawtiinde e hakkillaaji aadaaji nder laamu British.&lt;ref name=&quot;Newbury&quot; /&gt;</text>
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      <id>176629</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-26T16:22:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>12706</id>
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      <text bytes="4473" sha1="j3cgljsrtwecsafsg1whr5xr23cls68" xml:space="preserve">'''Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya''' ( [[Hausare|Hausa]] : ''Arewacin Najeriya'' ) ko leydi Biritaannaaɓe ndi duumii ko e hitaande 1900 haa 1914, ndi suddii ko bannge worgo ko wiyetee hannde [[Naajeeriya]] .

Protectorate ɗon ɓooydi dow 660,000 km (255,000 ) e hawti e emirates Sokoto Caliphate e geɗe nder laamu Bornu, je ɗoɓi nder 1902. Hooreejo arandeejo leydi ndii ko Frederick Lugard, mo halfinii maccuɓe e ɓooyma e ɓoolde e waɗde sistemal laamu nder leydi ndii.

Protectorate'en ɗon timmi haa 1 lewru Janaare 1914, nde nokkuure maako ɗon hawta bee Protectorate lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Naijeriya e [[Koloni Lagos|Koloniya Lagos]], bana lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya.

== Fedde ==
[[File:Map_of_Northern_Nigeria_(1911).png|left|thumb|292x292px|Map of the protectorate 1911 showing its provinces]]
Kawtal Berlin nder 1884 e 1885 hokki leydi ndii ko laatii lesdi Najeeriya woyla to Ingliisi. Royal Niger Company haɓɓii nder hitaande 1886 e George Taubman Goldie wonde mawɗo laamiiɗo. Kampaani ɗon yahda nder lesdi e ɗon jaɓɓa dookaji jaaynde e dookaji siyasa, wakkati feere ɗon je ɗon je ɗon ɓaŋga, bee mawɓe lesdi. Nder hitaande 1897, Frederick Lugard waɗi hooreejo gardiiɗo lesdi Afrik hirnaange, ngam o hawti bee halki [[Pullo|Fulani]]'en e haɓɓuki Farayse'en nder lesdi hirnaange.

E 1 lewru Janaare 1900, dabare Royal Niger Company's charter hawtiti, laamu British hoo'i hakkillaaji, nder kuugal nde Lugard nanngi habaru.   Royal Niger Company hokki £ 865,000 e hokki hakkilo dow feccere fuu ceede nder nder nder nder nokkuuje nder duuɓi 99 ngam hokki leydi to laamu Biritaniya. Lord Lugard haɓi hooreejo mawɗo lesdi lesdi lesdi Nigeria. Lokoja laati laamorgo diga 1900, amma Zungeru laati laamorgol protectorate nder 1902 ngam ɗum woni laamorgo ɓurɗo haa woyla to wuro haa yaasi bee koolaaji maayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Temple&quot; /&gt;

== Lamu konu ==
Kuugal konu fuɗɗii nder 1902 nden fuɗɗi duuɓi jowi nder haɓre. Ɓooyɗe laamu Bornu ɓe laɓɓini nder 1902 e Sokoto Caliphate nden ɓe laɓɓina nder konu Kano. Wondiral fuɗɗii nder 1904 to Bassa. Nder 1906, Mahdist ma'ajji fuɗɗii nder gariiri Sokoto nder gariiri Satiru. Woni fuɗɗamji laamu Afrik hirnaange fuɗɗam ɓe neldi ngam halki haɓre; nde Muhammadu Attahiru II nani haala ko waɗi, o neldi fuɗɗam fuɗɗam 300 Sokoto e fuɗɗam ɓaawo Mallam Isa ngam hawtaɓe. Luttuɓe ɓeen ɓeen ɓe mbaɗi ko ɓe mbaɗi, ɓe mbaɗi ɗum ko ɓe mbaɗata e nder leydi ndii. Caggal 1907 woodi ɓeydi ɓeydi rewol e naftiraaki semmbe konu e British e focus High Commissioner yaaki dow taƴuki e jaango. [Njiɗol ko haani] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Jaɓɓorgo Kewuuji ==
Laamu Angalteer fuɗɗorii ko Frederick Lugard woni Komiseer mawɗo gadano. E hitaande 1907, Lugard ummii Naajeeriya fayi Hong Kong, Percy Girouard wonti Komiseer mawɗo keso. Girouard ina joginoo daartol juutngol e mahngo laana njoorndi to Kanadaa e [[Afrik]], o halfinaa mahngo laana njoorndi mawka e nder Protectorate. E hitaande 1909, Henry Hesketh Bell, guwerneer leydi Uganndaa toɗɗaa komisariyaajo mawɗo.  E hitaande 1912, ina hiisa wonde nokkuuji Fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya ina tolnoo e 660,000 square kilometres (255,000 mi   ina waɗi fotde miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo. Charles Lindsay Temple wonti hooreejo komisariyaajo e hitaande 1911 e 1912 o fuɗɗii ƴeewtaade, e ballondiral tiiɗngal e Lugard, sosde Koloni e Protektoraat Naajeeriya .

Gooto nder kuuɗe laamorde nder lesdi Najeeriya woylaare woni hawtuki ardiiɓe e emira'en - hawti e emira Bornu - bana &quot;laamorde asli&quot; nder laamorde Britaniya. (tellee e kuuɗe ɗe nootiri e ardiiɓe, rajas, e maharajas nder leydi Britaniya). Fuuje footiima footi e nder protectorate nder duuɓi arandeeji laamu British. Lugard's heɓaaki haɓɓugo lekki poll fuɗɗii ngam Emirates, haɗi haɓɓugo feccere e dow ko'e feccere nder ko'e e heɓaaki lekki nder ko'o nder ko'a nder ko'i nder ko'u nder ko'en nder ko'ol fuɗɗii ko'e nder ko'al.&lt;ref name=&quot;Newbury&quot; /&gt; Ɗuum waɗi ɓeydaaki mawnde nder ceede Protectorate nden ngam kuugal golle ummatoore footi hokki ɗum ceede diga laamu British. Ngam maajum, Britaniya'en ɗon mari ɓillaaji yimɓe Britaniya'e ɓaawo 1907. Ɗi'e hawti e hawtiinde e hakkillaaji aadaaji nder laamu British.&lt;ref name=&quot;Newbury&quot; /&gt;
==firooji==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Departemaa golle laamu (Niiseer)</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1331339029|Public Works Department (Nigeria)]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4709" sha1="9l0j0c87dzsftwqkkmdex111cno5u1q" xml:space="preserve">'''Departemaa Golle Jaayndeeji leydi Naajeeriya''' anndiraaɗo kadi '''PWD''' ko njuɓɓudi laamu koloñaal toppitiindi mahngo e toppitagol cuuɗi laamu e jawdi, laabi, laabi njamndi, ponti, laaɗe diwooje e laabi diwooje.  Gardiiɗo maggal gadano toɗɗaa ko e hitaande 1896, e duuɓi ɓennuɗi ɗii, departemaa oo ina woni e gardagol Surveyor-General.

Jaɓɓorgo kuuɗe ummaatoore nder lesdi British koloniya waɗii kuuɗe feere feere, PWD waɗii nyiɓuɗe keso bana no ta'an nder ceede, bana boo ngam jaɓɓorgo cuuɗi laamu, marɗe, jonde, ndiyam, ndiyam e jawdi e jaɓɓorgal hawtaaki e kuuje. Hino e ɗun, PWD hokki hokkugol anndal farayse to kuccirɗe goɗɗe nder koloniya.

Gooto nder kuuje fuɗɗiiɗe nder kuugal ngal waɗi ko waɗugo laawol nder nder nder nder leydi [[Koloni Lagos|Lagos]] haa [[Ibadan]], e ɓeydiinde, o waɗii ko mahata laawol nder nder leydi e nder nder nder lesdi, ɗi arande fuɗɗi mahata nder hitaande 1905 bana ko haɗi e nder nder laawol nder nder lesdi. Hakkunde 1925 e 1926, PWD fuɗɗi ɓamtaade laawol laawol nder koloniya nden e 1926, metalling e tarring dow laawol Lagos - [[Abeokuta]] ɗon waɗa.

== Fedde ==

=== Watooje e ponji ===
Luttuɗe laawol fuɗɗii nder 1906 bana ɓamtaare nder laawol laawol ngol ɓeydi diga Lagos haa nokkuuje goɗɗe haa woyla leydi. Latooje ɗon laaɓina ngam ɓamtaare laawol hawtaago Ibadan to Oyo, Osogbo to Ilesha e Ede to Iwo. Caggal konu mawɗo, laawol ngol hawti Lagos e Ibadan, e hakkunde 1922 e 1923, laawol ngol hawta Ibadan e Benin e nder Ife, Ilesha e Akure timmi.{{Sfn|Walker|1959}} Nder 1926, PWD ɗon haani waɗugo masinji masinji masinje 2,900 mil, amma nder nder nder nderji ɗon ɓe nyiɓiri bee ko ɓuri haandi, ɗuuɗal maɓɓe ɗon haani yaaki nder sahaaji maaki.

Kuugal go'o nder jaaynde hawti e mahol laawol dow maayo Challawa nder [[Kano]], laawol ngol haɓɓii nder hitaande 1928 ina woodi ɓalli njamndi joweego, ɓalli 150 e ɓalli joweego ɗon mari ɓalli 100 e ɓalli 100. Haŋkadi, carel Carter, ngal ɓadake e leydi Lagos e leydi hee, fuɗɗii haɓɓude e hitaande 1901 e jaɓde PWD.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

E hitaande 1926, Central Roads Board haɓɓii program ngam ɓamtaade sistemal laawol e laawol feeruuji ɗi ɓooyɗi ngam dabareeji jamanuɗi. Ɓaawo ɗum, ɓe taƴi laabi ngam waɗugo laawol hawtaago Lagos e Kano, e ɓeydaade laawol hawtaango Oshogbo, Benin e Asaba e Ilesha kadi ɓe jaɓii. Ɓeydaama ngam ɓeydaago laawol Lagos haa Abeokuta nden ɓe waɗi laawol haade Abeokuta haa Ijebu-Ode. Ɗe kuje kese feere boo boo boo ɗe ɓeydi ɓeydaaki hawti e Lokojo haa Okene, Port Harcourt haa Aba, Abakaliki haa Ogoja, Jebba haa Share, Zungeru-Bida, e Keffi haa Nasarawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Nder program kesum ɗon woodi laabi ngam darnugo dooliiji je'e bee njamndi e njamndi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Dammugal A dow laawol dow gariiri mawɗi e gariiri mawɗum ɗon laɓɓina diga PWD, ɓaawo ɗon ɓe nodda laawol federal, nden laawol feeder ɗon laɓɓinol diga laamuji lesdi.{{Sfn|Walker|1959}}

=== Kuugal ndiyam ===
Jaɓɓorgo lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon jaɓɓa ko'e ndiyam ngam ɓe mbaɗɓa ndiyam nder lesdi Naajeeri. Luttugal ndiyam fuɗɗam maɓɓinaama nder Lagos; ndiyam ƴuuri nder maayo Iju ɗon jeya nder taɓkiji ɗiɗo ngam jeyaade gallonji miliyonji nayi ngam ɗum jeya nder filtri ndiyam ngam jeyaago nder nder nder lesdi. Ha Enugu, kuugal ndiyam naftiri galleeji filtrasi ngam jaɓugo ndiyam diga ndiyam ngam ɗum je ɗon je ɗon je ɗo ɗo ɗo ɗo ndiyam je ɗon je. 

Ɗe goɗɗe dabareeji ɗe division'en ɗon jaɓɓa hawti e Ogunpa Waterworks, Port Hasrcourt, Aba e Okenne waterworks.

=== Ceeɗol ===
Departemaa on woni ardiiɗo hokkugo yiite nder lesdi Naajeeriya, eɓɓoore arandeere nden woni haa Lagos nden yiite ɓuri huuwtinirgo ngam limngal laabi. Doole ɗee ummorii ko e jeneratooruuji jokkondirɗi e alternatooruuji. Diɗɗal ngal yaajii e udditgol wertallo Iddo.  E hitaande 1946, fedde kuuraa seerti e PWD ngam sosde fedde kuuraa laamu Naajeeriya. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)&quot;&gt;ciimtol ina haani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Fedde ngenndiyankaagal ==
Nder haɓɓugo hawtaade hawtaade dowla e hawtaade ngam yimɓe ɓe ɓaleeɓe ɓaleeɓe e ɓaleeɓe nder lesdi, PWD e goɗɗe goomuji laamu ngam haɓɓugo haɓɓugo haytaade hawtoye ɗe ɗon ɗon marki ɓeydaade fuɗnaaki nder lesdi Nigeria. E hitaande 1929, ɓe tiggi gollude fotbal e Lagos, ɓe jokki e nder go'o e nder goolgol fotbal nder fedde fuɗbal lesdi Naajeeriya. Hooreejo NFA aranndeere, mo arkitektinɗo o gollooɗo jaaynde ndee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Firooji ==</text>
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'''Departemaa Golle Jaayndeeji leydi Naajeeriya''' anndiraaɗo kadi '''PWD''' ko njuɓɓudi laamu koloñaal toppitiindi mahngo e toppitagol cuuɗi laamu e jawdi, laabi, laabi njamndi, ponti, laaɗe diwooje e laabi diwooje.  Gardiiɗo maggal gadano toɗɗaa ko e hitaande 1896, e duuɓi ɓennuɗi ɗii, departemaa oo ina woni e gardagol Surveyor-General.

Jaɓɓorgo kuuɗe ummaatoore nder lesdi British koloniya waɗii kuuɗe feere feere, PWD waɗii nyiɓuɗe keso bana no ta'an nder ceede, bana boo ngam jaɓɓorgo cuuɗi laamu, marɗe, jonde, ndiyam, ndiyam e jawdi e jaɓɓorgal hawtaaki e kuuje. Hino e ɗun, PWD hokki hokkugol anndal farayse to kuccirɗe goɗɗe nder koloniya.

Gooto nder kuuje fuɗɗiiɗe nder kuugal ngal waɗi ko waɗugo laawol nder nder nder nder leydi [[Koloni Lagos|Lagos]] haa [[Ibadan]], e ɓeydiinde, o waɗii ko mahata laawol nder nder leydi e nder nder nder lesdi, ɗi arande fuɗɗi mahata nder hitaande 1905 bana ko haɗi e nder nder laawol nder nder lesdi. Hakkunde 1925 e 1926, PWD fuɗɗi ɓamtaade laawol laawol nder koloniya nden e 1926, metalling e tarring dow laawol Lagos - [[Abeokuta]] ɗon waɗa.

== Fedde ==

=== Watooje e ponji ===
Luttuɗe laawol fuɗɗii nder 1906 bana ɓamtaare nder laawol laawol ngol ɓeydi diga Lagos haa nokkuuje goɗɗe haa woyla leydi. Latooje ɗon laaɓina ngam ɓamtaare laawol hawtaago Ibadan to Oyo, Osogbo to Ilesha e Ede to Iwo. Caggal konu mawɗo, laawol ngol hawti Lagos e Ibadan, e hakkunde 1922 e 1923, laawol ngol hawta Ibadan e Benin e nder Ife, Ilesha e Akure timmi.{{Sfn|Walker|1959}} Nder 1926, PWD ɗon haani waɗugo masinji masinji masinje 2,900 mil, amma nder nder nder nderji ɗon ɓe nyiɓiri bee ko ɓuri haandi, ɗuuɗal maɓɓe ɗon haani yaaki nder sahaaji maaki.

Kuugal go'o nder jaaynde hawti e mahol laawol dow maayo Challawa nder [[Kano]], laawol ngol haɓɓii nder hitaande 1928 ina woodi ɓalli njamndi joweego, ɓalli 150 e ɓalli joweego ɗon mari ɓalli 100 e ɓalli 100. Haŋkadi, carel Carter, ngal ɓadake e leydi Lagos e leydi hee, fuɗɗii haɓɓude e hitaande 1901 e jaɓde PWD.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

E hitaande 1926, Central Roads Board haɓɓii program ngam ɓamtaade sistemal laawol e laawol feeruuji ɗi ɓooyɗi ngam dabareeji jamanuɗi. Ɓaawo ɗum, ɓe taƴi laabi ngam waɗugo laawol hawtaago Lagos e Kano, e ɓeydaade laawol hawtaango Oshogbo, Benin e Asaba e Ilesha kadi ɓe jaɓii. Ɓeydaama ngam ɓeydaago laawol Lagos haa Abeokuta nden ɓe waɗi laawol haade Abeokuta haa Ijebu-Ode. Ɗe kuje kese feere boo boo boo ɗe ɓeydi ɓeydaaki hawti e Lokojo haa Okene, Port Harcourt haa Aba, Abakaliki haa Ogoja, Jebba haa Share, Zungeru-Bida, e Keffi haa Nasarawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Nder program kesum ɗon woodi laabi ngam darnugo dooliiji je'e bee njamndi e njamndi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Dammugal A dow laawol dow gariiri mawɗi e gariiri mawɗum ɗon laɓɓina diga PWD, ɓaawo ɗon ɓe nodda laawol federal, nden laawol feeder ɗon laɓɓinol diga laamuji lesdi.{{Sfn|Walker|1959}}

=== Kuugal ndiyam ===
Jaɓɓorgo lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon jaɓɓa ko'e ndiyam ngam ɓe mbaɗɓa ndiyam nder lesdi Naajeeri. Luttugal ndiyam fuɗɗam maɓɓinaama nder Lagos; ndiyam ƴuuri nder maayo Iju ɗon jeya nder taɓkiji ɗiɗo ngam jeyaade gallonji miliyonji nayi ngam ɗum jeya nder filtri ndiyam ngam jeyaago nder nder nder lesdi. Ha Enugu, kuugal ndiyam naftiri galleeji filtrasi ngam jaɓugo ndiyam diga ndiyam ngam ɗum je ɗon je ɗon je ɗo ɗo ɗo ɗo ndiyam je ɗon je. 

Ɗe goɗɗe dabareeji ɗe division'en ɗon jaɓɓa hawti e Ogunpa Waterworks, Port Hasrcourt, Aba e Okenne waterworks.

=== Ceeɗol ===
Departemaa on woni ardiiɗo hokkugo yiite nder lesdi Naajeeriya, eɓɓoore arandeere nden woni haa Lagos nden yiite ɓuri huuwtinirgo ngam limngal laabi. Doole ɗee ummorii ko e jeneratooruuji jokkondirɗi e alternatooruuji. Diɗɗal ngal yaajii e udditgol wertallo Iddo.  E hitaande 1946, fedde kuuraa seerti e PWD ngam sosde fedde kuuraa laamu Naajeeriya. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)&quot;&gt;ciimtol ina haani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Fedde ngenndiyankaagal ==
Nder haɓɓugo hawtaade hawtaade dowla e hawtaade ngam yimɓe ɓe ɓaleeɓe ɓaleeɓe e ɓaleeɓe nder lesdi, PWD e goɗɗe goomuji laamu ngam haɓɓugo haɓɓugo haytaade hawtoye ɗe ɗon ɗon marki ɓeydaade fuɗnaaki nder lesdi Nigeria. E hitaande 1929, ɓe tiggi gollude fotbal e Lagos, ɓe jokki e nder go'o e nder goolgol fotbal nder fedde fuɗbal lesdi Naajeeriya. Hooreejo NFA aranndeere, mo arkitektinɗo o gollooɗo jaaynde ndee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Firooji ==</text>
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[[File:Royal_Niger_Company_flag.svg|right|thumb|300x300px|Bannge Sosiyetee Laamɗo Niiseer]]
'''Sosiyetee Royal Niger''' ko sosiyatee njulaagu mo laamu Angalteer ƴetti e teeminannde sappo e jeenayɓiire. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1879, nde wonti ''Sosiyetee Afriknaajo'', nde inniraa ''Sosiyetee Afriknaajo ngenndiijo'' e hitaande 1881, nde wonti ''Sosiyetee Royal Niger'' e hitaande 1886. E hitaande 1929, nde wonti Sosiyetee Afriknaajo,  nde naati e njiimaandi Unilever e nder kitaale 1930, nde jokki e woodde nde Univer wonnoo un9si,180 absorbeede e nder sosiyetee mawɗo oo. 

Kampaani ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ha wakkati saɗugo (1879-1900) amma ɗon ɗon ɗon marɗum nder tagdi lesdi Naijeriya, ngam ɗum hokki laamu British yaaki hakkillaaji dow lesdi [[Nigeria]]_River&quot; id=&quot;mwIA&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Niger River&quot;&gt;Niger dow lesdi Jarmal nder duuɓi 1890s. Nder hitaande 1900, laamuuji ɗi jaayɗe jaayɗe ɗe laati Hakkadi lesdi Naajeeriya, ɗum haani haade e Hakkadi leydi Naajeeriya fuunaare ngam haaki Hakkadi e Hakkidi lesdi Naajeiriya nder hitaande 1914 (ɗum heɓii hakkiilo nder nder nder nder dabareeji ɗi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960). Royal Niger Company ha ɓaawo ɗon ɓe hawti nder Unilever.&amp;nbsp;

== Kampaaniya Afriknaajo ==
Richard Lander fuɗɗii anndude nokkuure lesdi [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] bana garbaajo Hugh Clapperton. E hitaande 1830, o wartii e maayo e sakiraaɓe maako John; e hitaande 1832, o wartii (ko walaa sakiraaɓe maako) ngam o nastina nokkuure jaaynde foroy to &quot;African Steamship Company&quot; to nder maayo Niger e [[Maayo Benuwe|Benue]]. Luttugol ngol footi, 40 nder 49 ardiiɓe maɓɓe maayi ngam nyawu malla ngam woondaaji diga yimɓe ɓe ɓeen. Gooto nder ɓe ɗon halki, Macgregor Laird, ɓaawo ɗon o jooɗi nder lesdi Britaniya, ammaa o ɗon jaɓɓa e jaɓɓa kuugal haa lesdi haa o maayi nder 1861. O haɓɓi e nder nder nder nder lesdi Niger nder hitaande 1841, ammaa heɓuki nder nder nder leydi ''Pleiad''' nder hitaande 1854 waɗi nder nder nder hitaande nder lesdi Baikie e nder hitaande 1857 nder lesdi Lokoja nder lesdi Niger e Benue.

Walaa ko'e yahugo nder duuɓi tati ɓaawo jaaynde Laird, amma tiggugo Kampeere Afrik hirnaange ɓaawo ɗon feere feere feere. Firoore fuɗɗii haaki dow ko'e maɓɓe. Nde o wari nder leydi ndii nder hitaande 1877, George Goldie hollitii haɓɓugo firmooji British ɗi ɗon maaki haa wondi firmoji go'o, laawol ɓe ɗonno ɗonno haɓɓii e ɓaawo sahaaji Indiya fuɗnaaki. Ha hitaande 1879, o wallitii haɓɓugo WAC James Crowther, Central African Company David Macintosh, e Williams Brothers e James Pinnock nder United African Company; o waɗi ɗum bana wakiilu dow lesdi.

Sahaa ɗon, firmi ɗon yi'a haɓugo ngam firmi ɗiɗo Farayse - Farayse Equatorial African Association e Senegal Company - e goɗɗo Farayseere - Liverpool e Manchester Trading Company - fuɗɗii saɗugo kuuje dow maayo boo. Luttugol yimɓe dow dow dow dow UAC's outpost to [[Onitsha]] nder hitaande 1879 fuɗɗii bee wallude HMS Pioneer, amma laamu Gladstone ɓaawo ɗon o jaɓaayi golla golla golli golli gollaama dowla nder hitaande 1881, ngam daliila wonde haɓre hakkunde leyɗeele ina waawi waɗugo haɓre ɓurna e dow ko firti e dowla dowla ngam jaɓugo laamu koloniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;econ101&quot; /&gt;

== Kampanja Afriknaajo ==
[[File:Sir_George_Dashwood_Taubman_Goldie_by_Sir_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg|thumb|George Goldie nder hitaande 1898.]]
Goldie fuɗɗii hawtaago hawtaago dow dowla ngam ɓeydaago capitaaligo jaayɗe to £ 100,000. O waɗi ko o heɓii £1,000,000 nder haalde keso - National African Company - je o soodi UAC e hakkillaaji mum nder hitaande 1882. Maayi Léon Gambetta nder hitaande nden ɗon ɓooydi kuuje [[Faransinkoore|Farayse]]'en ngam ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa jaɓugo maɓɓe nder laamu Farayse e ceede ɗe ɗe ɗon hokkata ɓe. NAC Goldie's cash-flush ɗon ɗon ɗon waawde hokka ko'e 30 kollaade dow maayo, e halki haɓugo maako nder konu ɗiɗun: haa lewru Oktoobar 1884 tati fuu ɓe acci mo ngam ɓe acca hakkillaaji maɓɓe nder nokkuure nden, nden NAC's annual report for 1885 waawde hokki ɗum &quot;ndi ɗon &quot;noodi tan nder laamorde jaayɗe ɗe Niger-Binué je ɗon haɓaaki&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;econ101&quot; /&gt;

Ɗuum monopolis hokki Britaniya laawol haɓugo dow nodduki Farayse'en e Jarmal ngam haɓɓugo jaaynde nder maayo Niger nder nder nder haalde dow Berlin Conference dow haɓɓuki Afrik nder hitaande 1884 e 1885. Goldie hoore mum yahdi ha kawtalji e mo haani hokki dow hawtuki nokkuure kuuɗe NAC nder nder nokkuure ɓernde Britaniya. Janngooji maako e diplomats Britianji ngam jaaynde feere (ko, nder haala fuu, tarifi tarifiji feere) ɓe mawnata nder lesdi maɓɓe laati bo defte maayi: NAC'en nder dooka 400 bee ardiiɓe gariiri ɓe waji'i yimɓe lesdi ngam jaayndi bee ko'e maɓɓe ko'e nder jaaynde. Tarifaji mawɗi e limceeji lisensaaji ƴettini cuuɗi mawɗi daga nokkuure nden. Ɗee kuuje kuuje goɗɗe ɗe'e waɗii nder kuuje mawɗe ngam konsuulaaji Brite, kuuje maɓɓe boo ɗon hawta ɗe. Bana non, nde [[Opobo]]&quot; id=&quot;mwhw&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Jaja of Opobo&quot;&gt;Laamiiɗo Jaja o Opobo waɗi jaayɗe maako e fuɗɗii waɗugo jaayɗe mum'en ngam naftoraaki naftoraaku palmi to Biritaniya, o jeyaa dow laana konu leydi Biritaniya nden o jeyaa nder leydi Saint Vincent ngam &quot;ɓawgol alkawal&quot; e &quot;ɓawol jaaynde&quot;.

Ko adii e dow dow dow dow ko ɓeydoo dow laamu British dow lenyol Cameroons, ko ɗum waɗi, leydi Britian ɗon yiɗi anndugo leydi Jarmal ngal jaɓɓi nokkuure nden nder hitaande 1885 ngam hakkilanaago kuuɗe Farayse nder lesdi Congo e nder ndiyam Ubangi.

Wonde laamu British ɗon ɓeyda, darnde darnde darani (Juli 1886), National African Company laati The Royal Niger Company Chartered and Limited (ji ɗon ɓeydi darnde darngal darnde darndaangal to Royal Niger Company), e Lord Aberdare bana gomnaaru e Goldie bana gomnaare.</text>
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'''Sosiyetee Royal Niger''' ko sosiyatee njulaagu mo laamu Angalteer ƴetti e teeminannde sappo e jeenayɓiire. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1879, nde wonti ''Sosiyetee Afriknaajo'', nde inniraa ''Sosiyetee Afriknaajo ngenndiijo'' e hitaande 1881, nde wonti ''Sosiyetee Royal Niger'' e hitaande 1886. E hitaande 1929, nde wonti Sosiyetee Afriknaajo,  nde naati e njiimaandi Unilever e nder kitaale 1930, nde jokki e woodde nde Univer wonnoo un9si,180 absorbeede e nder sosiyetee mawɗo oo. 

Kampaani ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ha wakkati saɗugo (1879-1900) amma ɗon ɗon ɗon marɗum nder tagdi lesdi Naijeriya, ngam ɗum hokki laamu British yaaki hakkillaaji dow lesdi [[Nigeria]]_River&quot; id=&quot;mwIA&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Niger River&quot;&gt;Niger dow lesdi Jarmal nder duuɓi 1890s. Nder hitaande 1900, laamuuji ɗi jaayɗe jaayɗe ɗe laati Hakkadi lesdi Naajeeriya, ɗum haani haade e Hakkadi leydi Naajeeriya fuunaare ngam haaki Hakkadi e Hakkidi lesdi Naajeiriya nder hitaande 1914 (ɗum heɓii hakkiilo nder nder nder nder dabareeji ɗi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960). Royal Niger Company ha ɓaawo ɗon ɓe hawti nder Unilever.&amp;nbsp;

== Kampaaniya Afriknaajo ==
Richard Lander fuɗɗii anndude nokkuure lesdi [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] bana garbaajo Hugh Clapperton. E hitaande 1830, o wartii e maayo e sakiraaɓe maako John; e hitaande 1832, o wartii (ko walaa sakiraaɓe maako) ngam o nastina nokkuure jaaynde foroy to &quot;African Steamship Company&quot; to nder maayo Niger e [[Maayo Benuwe|Benue]]. Luttugol ngol footi, 40 nder 49 ardiiɓe maɓɓe maayi ngam nyawu malla ngam woondaaji diga yimɓe ɓe ɓeen. Gooto nder ɓe ɗon halki, Macgregor Laird, ɓaawo ɗon o jooɗi nder lesdi Britaniya, ammaa o ɗon jaɓɓa e jaɓɓa kuugal haa lesdi haa o maayi nder 1861. O haɓɓi e nder nder nder nder lesdi Niger nder hitaande 1841, ammaa heɓuki nder nder nder leydi ''Pleiad''' nder hitaande 1854 waɗi nder nder nder hitaande nder lesdi Baikie e nder hitaande 1857 nder lesdi Lokoja nder lesdi Niger e Benue.

Walaa ko'e yahugo nder duuɓi tati ɓaawo jaaynde Laird, amma tiggugo Kampeere Afrik hirnaange ɓaawo ɗon feere feere feere. Firoore fuɗɗii haaki dow ko'e maɓɓe. Nde o wari nder leydi ndii nder hitaande 1877, George Goldie hollitii haɓɓugo firmooji British ɗi ɗon maaki haa wondi firmoji go'o, laawol ɓe ɗonno ɗonno haɓɓii e ɓaawo sahaaji Indiya fuɗnaaki. Ha hitaande 1879, o wallitii haɓɓugo WAC James Crowther, Central African Company David Macintosh, e Williams Brothers e James Pinnock nder United African Company; o waɗi ɗum bana wakiilu dow lesdi.

Sahaa ɗon, firmi ɗon yi'a haɓugo ngam firmi ɗiɗo Farayse - Farayse Equatorial African Association e Senegal Company - e goɗɗo Farayseere - Liverpool e Manchester Trading Company - fuɗɗii saɗugo kuuje dow maayo boo. Luttugol yimɓe dow dow dow dow UAC's outpost to [[Onitsha]] nder hitaande 1879 fuɗɗii bee wallude HMS Pioneer, amma laamu Gladstone ɓaawo ɗon o jaɓaayi golla golla golli golli gollaama dowla nder hitaande 1881, ngam daliila wonde haɓre hakkunde leyɗeele ina waawi waɗugo haɓre ɓurna e dow ko firti e dowla dowla ngam jaɓugo laamu koloniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;econ101&quot; /&gt;

== Kampanja Afriknaajo ==
[[File:Sir_George_Dashwood_Taubman_Goldie_by_Sir_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg|thumb|George Goldie nder hitaande 1898.]]
Goldie fuɗɗii hawtaago hawtaago dow dowla ngam ɓeydaago capitaaligo jaayɗe to £ 100,000. O waɗi ko o heɓii £1,000,000 nder haalde keso - National African Company - je o soodi UAC e hakkillaaji mum nder hitaande 1882. Maayi Léon Gambetta nder hitaande nden ɗon ɓooydi kuuje [[Faransinkoore|Farayse]]'en ngam ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa jaɓugo maɓɓe nder laamu Farayse e ceede ɗe ɗe ɗon hokkata ɓe. NAC Goldie's cash-flush ɗon ɗon ɗon waawde hokka ko'e 30 kollaade dow maayo, e halki haɓugo maako nder konu ɗiɗun: haa lewru Oktoobar 1884 tati fuu ɓe acci mo ngam ɓe acca hakkillaaji maɓɓe nder nokkuure nden, nden NAC's annual report for 1885 waawde hokki ɗum &quot;ndi ɗon &quot;noodi tan nder laamorde jaayɗe ɗe Niger-Binué je ɗon haɓaaki&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;econ101&quot; /&gt;

Ɗuum monopolis hokki Britaniya laawol haɓugo dow nodduki Farayse'en e Jarmal ngam haɓɓugo jaaynde nder maayo Niger nder nder nder haalde dow Berlin Conference dow haɓɓuki Afrik nder hitaande 1884 e 1885. Goldie hoore mum yahdi ha kawtalji e mo haani hokki dow hawtuki nokkuure kuuɗe NAC nder nder nokkuure ɓernde Britaniya. Janngooji maako e diplomats Britianji ngam jaaynde feere (ko, nder haala fuu, tarifi tarifiji feere) ɓe mawnata nder lesdi maɓɓe laati bo defte maayi: NAC'en nder dooka 400 bee ardiiɓe gariiri ɓe waji'i yimɓe lesdi ngam jaayndi bee ko'e maɓɓe ko'e nder jaaynde. Tarifaji mawɗi e limceeji lisensaaji ƴettini cuuɗi mawɗi daga nokkuure nden. Ɗee kuuje kuuje goɗɗe ɗe'e waɗii nder kuuje mawɗe ngam konsuulaaji Brite, kuuje maɓɓe boo ɗon hawta ɗe. Bana non, nde [[Opobo]]&quot; id=&quot;mwhw&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Jaja of Opobo&quot;&gt;Laamiiɗo Jaja o Opobo waɗi jaayɗe maako e fuɗɗii waɗugo jaayɗe mum'en ngam naftoraaki naftoraaku palmi to Biritaniya, o jeyaa dow laana konu leydi Biritaniya nden o jeyaa nder leydi Saint Vincent ngam &quot;ɓawgol alkawal&quot; e &quot;ɓawol jaaynde&quot;.

Ko adii e dow dow dow dow ko ɓeydoo dow laamu British dow lenyol Cameroons, ko ɗum waɗi, leydi Britian ɗon yiɗi anndugo leydi Jarmal ngal jaɓɓi nokkuure nden nder hitaande 1885 ngam hakkilanaago kuuɗe Farayse nder lesdi Congo e nder ndiyam Ubangi.

Wonde laamu British ɗon ɓeyda, darnde darnde darani (Juli 1886), National African Company laati The Royal Niger Company Chartered and Limited (ji ɗon ɓeydi darnde darngal darnde darndaangal to Royal Niger Company), e Lord Aberdare bana gomnaaru e Goldie bana gomnaare.</text>
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'''Sosiyetee Royal Niger''' ko sosiyatee njulaagu mo laamu Angalteer ƴetti e teeminannde sappo e jeenayɓiire. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1879, nde wonti ''Sosiyetee Afriknaajo'', nde inniraa ''Sosiyetee Afriknaajo ngenndiijo'' e hitaande 1881, nde wonti ''Sosiyetee Royal Niger'' e hitaande 1886. E hitaande 1929, nde wonti Sosiyetee Afriknaajo,  nde naati e njiimaandi Unilever e nder kitaale 1930, nde jokki e woodde nde Univer wonnoo un9si,180 absorbeede e nder sosiyetee mawɗo oo. 

Kampaani ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ha wakkati saɗugo (1879-1900) amma ɗon ɗon ɗon marɗum nder tagdi lesdi Naijeriya, ngam ɗum hokki laamu British yaaki hakkillaaji dow lesdi [[Nigeria]]_River&quot; id=&quot;mwIA&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Niger River&quot;&gt;Niger dow lesdi Jarmal nder duuɓi 1890s. Nder hitaande 1900, laamuuji ɗi jaayɗe jaayɗe ɗe laati Hakkadi lesdi Naajeeriya, ɗum haani haade e Hakkadi leydi Naajeeriya fuunaare ngam haaki Hakkadi e Hakkidi lesdi Naajeiriya nder hitaande 1914 (ɗum heɓii hakkiilo nder nder nder nder dabareeji ɗi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960). Royal Niger Company ha ɓaawo ɗon ɓe hawti nder Unilever.&amp;nbsp;

== Kampaaniya Afriknaajo ==
Richard Lander fuɗɗii anndude nokkuure lesdi [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] bana garbaajo Hugh Clapperton. E hitaande 1830, o wartii e maayo e sakiraaɓe maako John; e hitaande 1832, o wartii (ko walaa sakiraaɓe maako) ngam o nastina nokkuure jaaynde foroy to &quot;African Steamship Company&quot; to nder maayo Niger e [[Maayo Benuwe|Benue]]. Luttugol ngol footi, 40 nder 49 ardiiɓe maɓɓe maayi ngam nyawu malla ngam woondaaji diga yimɓe ɓe ɓeen. Gooto nder ɓe ɗon halki, Macgregor Laird, ɓaawo ɗon o jooɗi nder lesdi Britaniya, ammaa o ɗon jaɓɓa e jaɓɓa kuugal haa lesdi haa o maayi nder 1861. O haɓɓi e nder nder nder nder lesdi Niger nder hitaande 1841, ammaa heɓuki nder nder nder leydi ''Pleiad''' nder hitaande 1854 waɗi nder nder nder hitaande nder lesdi Baikie e nder hitaande 1857 nder lesdi Lokoja nder lesdi Niger e Benue.

Walaa ko'e yahugo nder duuɓi tati ɓaawo jaaynde Laird, amma tiggugo Kampeere Afrik hirnaange ɓaawo ɗon feere feere feere. Firoore fuɗɗii haaki dow ko'e maɓɓe. Nde o wari nder leydi ndii nder hitaande 1877, George Goldie hollitii haɓɓugo firmooji British ɗi ɗon maaki haa wondi firmoji go'o, laawol ɓe ɗonno ɗonno haɓɓii e ɓaawo sahaaji Indiya fuɗnaaki. Ha hitaande 1879, o wallitii haɓɓugo WAC James Crowther, Central African Company David Macintosh, e Williams Brothers e James Pinnock nder United African Company; o waɗi ɗum bana wakiilu dow lesdi.

Sahaa ɗon, firmi ɗon yi'a haɓugo ngam firmi ɗiɗo Farayse - Farayse Equatorial African Association e Senegal Company - e goɗɗo Farayseere - Liverpool e Manchester Trading Company - fuɗɗii saɗugo kuuje dow maayo boo. Luttugol yimɓe dow dow dow dow UAC's outpost to [[Onitsha]] nder hitaande 1879 fuɗɗii bee wallude HMS Pioneer, amma laamu Gladstone ɓaawo ɗon o jaɓaayi golla golla golli golli gollaama dowla nder hitaande 1881, ngam daliila wonde haɓre hakkunde leyɗeele ina waawi waɗugo haɓre ɓurna e dow ko firti e dowla dowla ngam jaɓugo laamu koloniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;econ101&quot; /&gt;

== Kampanja Afriknaajo ==
[[File:Sir_George_Dashwood_Taubman_Goldie_by_Sir_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg|thumb|George Goldie nder hitaande 1898.]]
Goldie fuɗɗii hawtaago hawtaago dow dowla ngam ɓeydaago capitaaligo jaayɗe to £ 100,000. O waɗi ko o heɓii £1,000,000 nder haalde keso - National African Company - je o soodi UAC e hakkillaaji mum nder hitaande 1882. Maayi Léon Gambetta nder hitaande nden ɗon ɓooydi kuuje [[Faransinkoore|Farayse]]'en ngam ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa jaɓugo maɓɓe nder laamu Farayse e ceede ɗe ɗe ɗon hokkata ɓe. NAC Goldie's cash-flush ɗon ɗon ɗon waawde hokka ko'e 30 kollaade dow maayo, e halki haɓugo maako nder konu ɗiɗun: haa lewru Oktoobar 1884 tati fuu ɓe acci mo ngam ɓe acca hakkillaaji maɓɓe nder nokkuure nden, nden NAC's annual report for 1885 waawde hokki ɗum &quot;ndi ɗon &quot;noodi tan nder laamorde jaayɗe ɗe Niger-Binué je ɗon haɓaaki&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;econ101&quot; /&gt;

Ɗuum monopolis hokki Britaniya laawol haɓugo dow nodduki Farayse'en e Jarmal ngam haɓɓugo jaaynde nder maayo Niger nder nder nder haalde dow Berlin Conference dow haɓɓuki Afrik nder hitaande 1884 e 1885. Goldie hoore mum yahdi ha kawtalji e mo haani hokki dow hawtuki nokkuure kuuɗe NAC nder nder nokkuure ɓernde Britaniya. Janngooji maako e diplomats Britianji ngam jaaynde feere (ko, nder haala fuu, tarifi tarifiji feere) ɓe mawnata nder lesdi maɓɓe laati bo defte maayi: NAC'en nder dooka 400 bee ardiiɓe gariiri ɓe waji'i yimɓe lesdi ngam jaayndi bee ko'e maɓɓe ko'e nder jaaynde. Tarifaji mawɗi e limceeji lisensaaji ƴettini cuuɗi mawɗi daga nokkuure nden. Ɗee kuuje kuuje goɗɗe ɗe'e waɗii nder kuuje mawɗe ngam konsuulaaji Brite, kuuje maɓɓe boo ɗon hawta ɗe. Bana non, nde [[Opobo]]&quot; id=&quot;mwhw&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Jaja of Opobo&quot;&gt;Laamiiɗo Jaja o Opobo waɗi jaayɗe maako e fuɗɗii waɗugo jaayɗe mum'en ngam naftoraaki naftoraaku palmi to Biritaniya, o jeyaa dow laana konu leydi Biritaniya nden o jeyaa nder leydi Saint Vincent ngam &quot;ɓawgol alkawal&quot; e &quot;ɓawol jaaynde&quot;.

Ko adii e dow dow dow dow ko ɓeydoo dow laamu British dow lenyol Cameroons, ko ɗum waɗi, leydi Britian ɗon yiɗi anndugo leydi Jarmal ngal jaɓɓi nokkuure nden nder hitaande 1885 ngam hakkilanaago kuuɗe Farayse nder lesdi Congo e nder ndiyam Ubangi.

Wonde laamu British ɗon ɓeyda, darnde darnde darani (Juli 1886), National African Company laati The Royal Niger Company Chartered and Limited (ji ɗon ɓeydi darnde darngal darnde darndaangal to Royal Niger Company), e Lord Aberdare bana gomnaaru e Goldie bana gomnaare.


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    <title>John Evelin Sukburg</title>
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      <text bytes="996" sha1="hoeajaxsec4t2x3lslzac78ldh8rv4n" xml:space="preserve">'''Sir John Evelyn Shuckburgh''', KCMG (jibinaa ko 18 marse 1877 to Eton, sankii ko 8 feebariyee 1953 to Londres), ko gardiiɗo koloñaal Angalteer wonnoo.

== Nguurndam ==
Sukburgh ko ɓiɗɗo mawɗo ganndo biyeteeɗo Evelyn Shirley Sukburgh (1843-1906) e Farayse Mary Pullen. Ɓiyiiko mawɗo, caggal ɗuum dipolomaat, karallo Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo, hono Sir Evelyn Shuckburgh, jibinaa ko e hitaande 1909 to Londres. 

Shuckburgh janngi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Eton e King’s College .  Ko o tergal e sarwiis koloñaal Angalteer, Shuckburgh ina gollinoo e nder leydi Inndo, e nder leydi Palestiin .  Ko o jiɗɗo Dickens, o naamnaama to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oxford ngam winndude konngol gadanol deftere ''A Tale of Two Cities'' .

== Goobnaaru Nigeria ==
E 1 lewru Julaay 1940, John Evelyn Shuckburgh laatii hooreejo leydi Nigeria; nokkuure nde o waɗi haa hitaande 1942 nde o jeytaama e Sir Alan Burns. Sahaa maako, bana nde o wari, ɗum haani ɗum'en bana ko'e man.

== Firooji ==</text>
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'''Sir John Evelyn Shuckburgh''', KCMG (jibinaa ko 18 marse 1877 to Eton, sankii ko 8 feebariyee 1953 to Londres), ko gardiiɗo koloñaal Angalteer wonnoo.

== Nguurndam ==
Sukburgh ko ɓiɗɗo mawɗo ganndo biyeteeɗo Evelyn Shirley Sukburgh (1843-1906) e Farayse Mary Pullen. Ɓiyiiko mawɗo, caggal ɗuum dipolomaat, karallo Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo, hono Sir Evelyn Shuckburgh, jibinaa ko e hitaande 1909 to Londres. 

Shuckburgh janngi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Eton e King’s College .  Ko o tergal e sarwiis koloñaal Angalteer, Shuckburgh ina gollinoo e nder leydi Inndo, e nder leydi Palestiin .  Ko o jiɗɗo Dickens, o naamnaama to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oxford ngam winndude konngol gadanol deftere ''A Tale of Two Cities'' .

== Goobnaaru Nigeria ==
E 1 lewru Julaay 1940, John Evelyn Shuckburgh laatii hooreejo leydi Nigeria; nokkuure nde o waɗi haa hitaande 1942 nde o jeytaama e Sir Alan Burns. Sahaa maako, bana nde o wari, ɗum haani ɗum'en bana ko'e man.

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'''Koɗorɗe laamu Baro''' walla '''koɗorɗe laamu Sir Lugard''' ko 150&amp;nbsp;ft dow tufnde, turisma e nokkuure rajo Kolonial Naajeeriya toowɗo mo Sir Fredrick Lugard joɗɗini haa Baro, [[Naajeeriya]] .  

== Tariya ==
Duuɓi 110 Rajo ko 25 kilowatt solid state analogue transmetteur rajo toowɗo e tufnde wonnoo ko ɗo joom en koloñaal en mahi hoɗɓe mum en njuɓɓudi ngam gollotooɓe to bannge hakkundeejo ina heen safrirde militeer en e siwil en e nokkuuji pijirlooji gollotooɓe koloñaal en maayɓe e sahaa golle mum en e nder Lumbigar c nde soldateeɓe makko ina njaha.   

Hooreejo ndu'o ko ƴiwoyi diga maayo Niger 15 km haa maayo nden o ɗon jooɗorgo hooreejo Sir Lugard arande haa dow kawtal ngal, nden o ɗon haalaa bee Laamu Elisabeth e woɓɓe ɓe waɗii. Hooreejo on woni nokkuure taariika nder lesdi, ɓurna fuu hitaande fuu o ɗon hawta yimɓe feere.  &amp;nbsp;

Hooreejo ɗon haa 12 km diga Baro Port, ɗo mawɗo ɗo naftoroo ngam jaɓɓorgo kareeji ngam mawɓe leydi ndii nder balɗe ɗen, nden ko maayo ɗon ƴiwo nder maayo Niger, ɗon waɗa nder lesdi ndii bee laawol njamndi ɗon hawta bee maareji ɗuuɗɗi, nden kadi ɗon jeyaa ngam jaɓɓoraare kareeji diga yimɓe jaayɗe feere.&amp;nbsp;

== Ɗeɗe ==</text>
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      <text bytes="1227" sha1="nv2w0xa2o3tu8060bs21jwr9pjnnbjf" xml:space="preserve">'''Koɗorɗe laamu Baro''' walla '''koɗorɗe laamu Sir Lugard''' ko 150&amp;nbsp;ft dow tufnde, turisma e nokkuure rajo Kolonial Naajeeriya toowɗo mo Sir Fredrick Lugard joɗɗini haa Baro, [[Naajeeriya]] .  

== Tariya ==
Duuɓi 110 Rajo ko 25 kilowatt solid state analogue transmetteur rajo toowɗo e tufnde wonnoo ko ɗo joom en koloñaal en mahi hoɗɓe mum en njuɓɓudi ngam gollotooɓe to bannge hakkundeejo ina heen safrirde militeer en e siwil en e nokkuuji pijirlooji gollotooɓe koloñaal en maayɓe e sahaa golle mum en e nder Lumbigar c nde soldateeɓe makko ina njaha.   

Hooreejo ndu'o ko ƴiwoyi diga maayo Niger 15 km haa maayo nden o ɗon jooɗorgo hooreejo Sir Lugard arande haa dow kawtal ngal, nden o ɗon haalaa bee Laamu Elisabeth e woɓɓe ɓe waɗii. Hooreejo on woni nokkuure taariika nder lesdi, ɓurna fuu hitaande fuu o ɗon hawta yimɓe feere.  &amp;nbsp;

Hooreejo ɗon haa 12 km diga Baro Port, ɗo mawɗo ɗo naftoroo ngam jaɓɓorgo kareeji ngam mawɓe leydi ndii nder balɗe ɗen, nden ko maayo ɗon ƴiwo nder maayo Niger, ɗon waɗa nder lesdi ndii bee laawol njamndi ɗon hawta bee maareji ɗuuɗɗi, nden kadi ɗon jeyaa ngam jaɓɓoraare kareeji diga yimɓe jaayɗe feere.&amp;nbsp;

== Ɗeɗe ==</text>
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    <title>Protektorat Fombina Naajeeriya</title>
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Fombina '''Naajeeriya''' laati lesdi Biritaniya haa nokkuuje daande maayo [[Naajeeriya]] hannde, sosaaɗum nder hitaande 1900 diga kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi ndi Royal Niger Company hokki les Lokoja dow [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Nijeer]] . 

Lagos koloniya ɓaawo ɗum ɓeydani nder 1906, nden leydi ndi boɗɗiti anndinaama koloniya e protectorate of Southern Nigeria. Nder hitaande 1914, Najeeriya worgo hawti e Najeeriya woyla to Najeeriya ngam tiggude najeeriya go'o. Goongaama waɗi ngam daliila jawdi e laamu koloniya yiɗi naftoraade ɓeydaaki ceede nder lesdi Naajeeriya worgo ngam huutoree ɓeydaaku ngam jaɓugo lesdi woyla.

Sir Frederick Lugard, mo wari dow laamu dow lesdi ɗiɗo fuu nder hitaande 1912, o laatii mawɗo ngam hakkilugo dow jamɗingol, o laati gomnati lesdi ɗiɗo ɓaawo boo. Lugard waɗi goɗɗe ciimtol ngam haɓɓugo darnde go'o.  Woni do Secretariat Central ha [[Lagos]], ko woni laamorde laamu, nden Council Nigeria (soni Council Legislative), haɗi ha hokki forum ngam wakiilooji ƴellitaaki diga lesdi. Kuugal feere fu hawti nder lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi fu ngam ma'ana lesdi fu - konu, jawdi, jaaynde, postaji e telegraphs, laawol ferel, jaayndi, kuugal jawdi, kuulum kiita e kiita - e nder lesdi fu.

Fedde haɓɓugo fuɗɗiiji ɗi ɗi ɗi ɗi laaɓɓi dow laamu hakkunde lesdi Naajeeriya e lesdi Naajeeri, e leyɗe lesdi Naajeer e Lagos. Ndee laaminooɓe koloniyaji worgo ɓe njaɓii haɓɓugo ngam haɓɓugo laamu ngam haɓɓuki, ɓeen laaminoowo maɓɓe nder lesdi woyla ɓe nanndi ɗum ɗon mari haɗugo ɓesngu leydiji ɓe ɗon laaminoo ngam ɓe ɗon ɓaawo e ɗum ɗum haani ɓe haɓɓa bee ɓeydaago ɓaleeji e aada worgo haa woyla. Yimɓe worgo, nder maɓɓe, ɓe ɗon yiɗataa ɓe njaɓɓa ɓesdaaki tawreeta fuɗɗam yaaki dow woyla haa worgo.

== Jaɓɓorgo Kewuuji ==

=== Goofnaaɓe ===
Gila nde nde nde fuɗɗii, lesdi Nigeria feeroore ɗon laamii e hooreejo mawɗo. Limankoore arandeejo mawɗo on Ralph Moor. Nde Lagos hawti e leydi Nigeriya nder letnaare 1906, gardiiɗo lesdi Walter Egerton waɗi gomnati lesdi.

Nde nder hitaande 1900 protectorate ƴetti diga Ofisa Fedde Fuuta to Ofisa Koloniya, Ralph Moor laati Komisaaru Mawndu nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder worgo e waɗi ko haɓɓii dow laamu keso, ngam nyawgal maako yaawata, o wari haa pension nder lewru 1 Oktoobar 1903.

Egerton laati gomnaaku laamorde Lagos, nder nder leydi [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] nder worgo hirnaange lesdi Nigeria, nder hitaande 1903. Jaɓɓorgo laamu koloniya yiɗi hawtaade koloniya Lagos e protectorate lesdi Naajeeriya, e nder lewru August 1904 o suɓii Egerton bana komisaaru mawɗo ngam protectorate leydi Naajeeriya. O waɗi kuugal ɗiɗo fuu haa 28 feebariyee 1906.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Nder nden taariik, leydi ɗiɗo fuu ɓe hawti e dowla, Egerton laatii gomnati leydi ɓuuɓuɗo e protectorate leydi Naijeriya, o jooɗii haa hitaande 1912.{{Sfn|Worldstatesmen}} Nder lesdi Naajeeriya ɓooyma, leydi Lagos ɓooyaama laamorgo hirnaange, nden lesdi Najeeriya ɓooyaamu lesdi Naajeeri ɓooyaaki laamorgo cakaare bee laamorgo Warri e laamorgo fuunaaŋge bee laamorugo [[Kalaba|Calabar]]. {{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}}

Nde ardiiɗo maako nder lesdi Naijeriya, Sir Ralph Denham Rayment Moor, ummi, ɓurna fuunaaŋge Naijeriya ɗon haaje nder laamu British. Nde Egerton fuɗɗii laamu, o fuɗɗi siyasa jaɓɓude jaɓɓorgo jamɗingol ngal, ɗum waɗi o jaɓɓii jaɓɓorgal ngam hujja semmbe, o waɗaayi ɗum ngam hujja laamu.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}}

Nde Egerton laati gomnaaru [[Lagos]] o jaɓii e ɓernde mawnde ɓesdaare laawol ferel Lagos - [[Ibadan]] haa Oshogbo, nden nder lewru Noofambar 1904 ɓe jaɓii kuugal ngal. Maaki maaki fuɗɗii nder lewru Janaare 1905 nden laawol ngol yotti Oshogbo nder lewru Awril 1907.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}}

O yiɗi laawol ferel dow laawol maayo, o yiɗi laawol feral ɓeydaani haa [[Kano]] nder laawol [[Zariya|Zaria]]. {{Sfn|Carland|1985}}

O ɗon jaɓɓa nder nder nder nder laawol, o ɗon maɓɓina dow laawol ngol moodi moodi mo moodi mo, ngam o huuwto yimɓe ɓe ɓe ngalaa hakkillo.{{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}}

Egerton hawti e miijo Moor dow halkere nde waɗata to jaayɗe [[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross River]] ngam hawtuki jaayɓe asli e jaayɓe nder [[Kalaba|Calabar]]. Jaayndiyaaɓe ɗi ɗon ɗon mari laamu fuɗɗiima waɗugo jaayndiyaaji ngam ɓe ɗon sakkindi jaayndiyankooɓe ɓe ɗon yiɗi waɗugo baseji ɓaawo nder lesdi, ammaa bee caɗeele, Egerton ɗon kolli jaayndiyaɓe ngam ɓe ummitina kiita maɓɓe.{{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}}

Egerton ɗon ɗon haɓɓa ngam ɓamtaare koloniya. O hoolaaki e jaɓugol ɓeydi ɓeydi haa wakkatiji feere feere nder ɓeydi koloniya, ɗum holli nder ceede maako diga 1906 haa 1912. O waɗi haɓre fu ngam heɓugo jaɓugo ceede ɗe ngam jaɓugo jaɓugol laamu koloniya.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}}

Hande 1908, Egerton jaɓii miijo &quot;dental ngal ngal ngal ngalluɗi e ngalluɗi, e hooreejo ngal ngalluɗum e ngalluɗum&quot;, nden ngalluɗi ngal ngalluɓi nder 1910.{{Sfn|Falola|2003}}

Egerton hokki ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓamta ɓe ɓe ɓe njogii ɓe ɓe ɓe nganndi, ɗum woni miijo ɓe ɓe ɓe anndi diga wakkati maɓɓe nder Malaya, ɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗi ngam ɓe njogita leydi ngam ɓe mbaɗi ɗum. Ɗuum waɗi ko fuɗɗiiɗo waɗde golle mawɗe.{{Sfn|Duignan|Gann|1975}} O ɗon tammi boo woodi pottanol mawɗum nder kuuje tin ɓadii [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]], o ɗon tammi to ɗum holli laawol limgal to kuuje tin ɗon haani.{{Sfn|Calvert|1910}}

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        <id>7270</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fix</comment>
      <origin>176642</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5517" sha1="ab41ze48ju0em0jijzptmbhilu46mzc" xml:space="preserve">Fombina '''Naajeeriya''' laati lesdi Biritaniya haa nokkuuje daande maayo [[Naajeeriya]] hannde, sosaaɗum nder hitaande 1900 diga kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi ndi Royal Niger Company hokki les Lokoja dow [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Nijeer]] . 

Lagos koloniya ɓaawo ɗum ɓeydani nder 1906, nden leydi ndi boɗɗiti anndinaama koloniya e protectorate of Southern Nigeria. Nder hitaande 1914, Najeeriya worgo hawti e Najeeriya woyla to Najeeriya ngam tiggude najeeriya go'o. Goongaama waɗi ngam daliila jawdi e laamu koloniya yiɗi naftoraade ɓeydaaki ceede nder lesdi Naajeeriya worgo ngam huutoree ɓeydaaku ngam jaɓugo lesdi woyla.

Sir Frederick Lugard, mo wari dow laamu dow lesdi ɗiɗo fuu nder hitaande 1912, o laatii mawɗo ngam hakkilugo dow jamɗingol, o laati gomnati lesdi ɗiɗo ɓaawo boo. Lugard waɗi goɗɗe ciimtol ngam haɓɓugo darnde go'o.  Woni do Secretariat Central ha [[Lagos]], ko woni laamorde laamu, nden Council Nigeria (soni Council Legislative), haɗi ha hokki forum ngam wakiilooji ƴellitaaki diga lesdi. Kuugal feere fu hawti nder lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi fu ngam ma'ana lesdi fu - konu, jawdi, jaaynde, postaji e telegraphs, laawol ferel, jaayndi, kuugal jawdi, kuulum kiita e kiita - e nder lesdi fu.

Fedde haɓɓugo fuɗɗiiji ɗi ɗi ɗi ɗi laaɓɓi dow laamu hakkunde lesdi Naajeeriya e lesdi Naajeeri, e leyɗe lesdi Naajeer e Lagos. Ndee laaminooɓe koloniyaji worgo ɓe njaɓii haɓɓugo ngam haɓɓugo laamu ngam haɓɓuki, ɓeen laaminoowo maɓɓe nder lesdi woyla ɓe nanndi ɗum ɗon mari haɗugo ɓesngu leydiji ɓe ɗon laaminoo ngam ɓe ɗon ɓaawo e ɗum ɗum haani ɓe haɓɓa bee ɓeydaago ɓaleeji e aada worgo haa woyla. Yimɓe worgo, nder maɓɓe, ɓe ɗon yiɗataa ɓe njaɓɓa ɓesdaaki tawreeta fuɗɗam yaaki dow woyla haa worgo.

== Jaɓɓorgo Kewuuji ==

=== Goofnaaɓe ===
Gila nde nde nde fuɗɗii, lesdi Nigeria feeroore ɗon laamii e hooreejo mawɗo. Limankoore arandeejo mawɗo on Ralph Moor. Nde Lagos hawti e leydi Nigeriya nder letnaare 1906, gardiiɗo lesdi Walter Egerton waɗi gomnati lesdi.

Nde nder hitaande 1900 protectorate ƴetti diga Ofisa Fedde Fuuta to Ofisa Koloniya, Ralph Moor laati Komisaaru Mawndu nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder worgo e waɗi ko haɓɓii dow laamu keso, ngam nyawgal maako yaawata, o wari haa pension nder lewru 1 Oktoobar 1903.

Egerton laati gomnaaku laamorde Lagos, nder nder leydi [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] nder worgo hirnaange lesdi Nigeria, nder hitaande 1903. Jaɓɓorgo laamu koloniya yiɗi hawtaade koloniya Lagos e protectorate lesdi Naajeeriya, e nder lewru August 1904 o suɓii Egerton bana komisaaru mawɗo ngam protectorate leydi Naajeeriya. O waɗi kuugal ɗiɗo fuu haa 28 feebariyee 1906.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Nder nden taariik, leydi ɗiɗo fuu ɓe hawti e dowla, Egerton laatii gomnati leydi ɓuuɓuɗo e protectorate leydi Naijeriya, o jooɗii haa hitaande 1912.{{Sfn|Worldstatesmen}} Nder lesdi Naajeeriya ɓooyma, leydi Lagos ɓooyaama laamorgo hirnaange, nden lesdi Najeeriya ɓooyaamu lesdi Naajeeri ɓooyaaki laamorgo cakaare bee laamorgo Warri e laamorgo fuunaaŋge bee laamorugo [[Kalaba|Calabar]]. {{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}}

Nde ardiiɗo maako nder lesdi Naijeriya, Sir Ralph Denham Rayment Moor, ummi, ɓurna fuunaaŋge Naijeriya ɗon haaje nder laamu British. Nde Egerton fuɗɗii laamu, o fuɗɗi siyasa jaɓɓude jaɓɓorgo jamɗingol ngal, ɗum waɗi o jaɓɓii jaɓɓorgal ngam hujja semmbe, o waɗaayi ɗum ngam hujja laamu.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}}

Nde Egerton laati gomnaaru [[Lagos]] o jaɓii e ɓernde mawnde ɓesdaare laawol ferel Lagos - [[Ibadan]] haa Oshogbo, nden nder lewru Noofambar 1904 ɓe jaɓii kuugal ngal. Maaki maaki fuɗɗii nder lewru Janaare 1905 nden laawol ngol yotti Oshogbo nder lewru Awril 1907.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}}

O yiɗi laawol ferel dow laawol maayo, o yiɗi laawol feral ɓeydaani haa [[Kano]] nder laawol [[Zariya|Zaria]]. {{Sfn|Carland|1985}}

O ɗon jaɓɓa nder nder nder nder laawol, o ɗon maɓɓina dow laawol ngol moodi moodi mo moodi mo, ngam o huuwto yimɓe ɓe ɓe ngalaa hakkillo.{{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}}

Egerton hawti e miijo Moor dow halkere nde waɗata to jaayɗe [[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross River]] ngam hawtuki jaayɓe asli e jaayɓe nder [[Kalaba|Calabar]]. Jaayndiyaaɓe ɗi ɗon ɗon mari laamu fuɗɗiima waɗugo jaayndiyaaji ngam ɓe ɗon sakkindi jaayndiyankooɓe ɓe ɗon yiɗi waɗugo baseji ɓaawo nder lesdi, ammaa bee caɗeele, Egerton ɗon kolli jaayndiyaɓe ngam ɓe ummitina kiita maɓɓe.{{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}}

Egerton ɗon ɗon haɓɓa ngam ɓamtaare koloniya. O hoolaaki e jaɓugol ɓeydi ɓeydi haa wakkatiji feere feere nder ɓeydi koloniya, ɗum holli nder ceede maako diga 1906 haa 1912. O waɗi haɓre fu ngam heɓugo jaɓugo ceede ɗe ngam jaɓugo jaɓugol laamu koloniya.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}}

Hande 1908, Egerton jaɓii miijo &quot;dental ngal ngal ngal ngalluɗi e ngalluɗi, e hooreejo ngal ngalluɗum e ngalluɗum&quot;, nden ngalluɗi ngal ngalluɓi nder 1910.{{Sfn|Falola|2003}}

Egerton hokki ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓamta ɓe ɓe ɓe njogii ɓe ɓe ɓe nganndi, ɗum woni miijo ɓe ɓe ɓe anndi diga wakkati maɓɓe nder Malaya, ɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗi ngam ɓe njogita leydi ngam ɓe mbaɗi ɗum. Ɗuum waɗi ko fuɗɗiiɗo waɗde golle mawɗe.{{Sfn|Duignan|Gann|1975}} O ɗon tammi boo woodi pottanol mawɗum nder kuuje tin ɓadii [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]], o ɗon tammi to ɗum holli laawol limgal to kuuje tin ɗon haani.{{Sfn|Calvert|1910}}

== Firooji ==

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Fombina '''Naajeeriya''' laati lesdi Biritaniya haa nokkuuje daande maayo [[Naajeeriya]] hannde, sosaaɗum nder hitaande 1900 diga kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi ndi Royal Niger Company hokki les Lokoja dow [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Nijeer]] . 

Lagos koloniya ɓaawo ɗum ɓeydani nder 1906, nden leydi ndi boɗɗiti anndinaama koloniya e protectorate of Southern Nigeria. Nder hitaande 1914, Najeeriya worgo hawti e Najeeriya woyla to Najeeriya ngam tiggude najeeriya go'o. Goongaama waɗi ngam daliila jawdi e laamu koloniya yiɗi naftoraade ɓeydaaki ceede nder lesdi Naajeeriya worgo ngam huutoree ɓeydaaku ngam jaɓugo lesdi woyla.

Sir Frederick Lugard, mo wari dow laamu dow lesdi ɗiɗo fuu nder hitaande 1912, o laatii mawɗo ngam hakkilugo dow jamɗingol, o laati gomnati lesdi ɗiɗo ɓaawo boo. Lugard waɗi goɗɗe ciimtol ngam haɓɓugo darnde go'o.  Woni do Secretariat Central ha [[Lagos]], ko woni laamorde laamu, nden Council Nigeria (soni Council Legislative), haɗi ha hokki forum ngam wakiilooji ƴellitaaki diga lesdi. Kuugal feere fu hawti nder lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi fu ngam ma'ana lesdi fu - konu, jawdi, jaaynde, postaji e telegraphs, laawol ferel, jaayndi, kuugal jawdi, kuulum kiita e kiita - e nder lesdi fu.

Fedde haɓɓugo fuɗɗiiji ɗi ɗi ɗi ɗi laaɓɓi dow laamu hakkunde lesdi Naajeeriya e lesdi Naajeeri, e leyɗe lesdi Naajeer e Lagos. Ndee laaminooɓe koloniyaji worgo ɓe njaɓii haɓɓugo ngam haɓɓugo laamu ngam haɓɓuki, ɓeen laaminoowo maɓɓe nder lesdi woyla ɓe nanndi ɗum ɗon mari haɗugo ɓesngu leydiji ɓe ɗon laaminoo ngam ɓe ɗon ɓaawo e ɗum ɗum haani ɓe haɓɓa bee ɓeydaago ɓaleeji e aada worgo haa woyla. Yimɓe worgo, nder maɓɓe, ɓe ɗon yiɗataa ɓe njaɓɓa ɓesdaaki tawreeta fuɗɗam yaaki dow woyla haa worgo.

== Jaɓɓorgo Kewuuji ==

=== Goofnaaɓe ===
Gila nde nde nde fuɗɗii, lesdi Nigeria feeroore ɗon laamii e hooreejo mawɗo. Limankoore arandeejo mawɗo on Ralph Moor. Nde Lagos hawti e leydi Nigeriya nder letnaare 1906, gardiiɗo lesdi Walter Egerton waɗi gomnati lesdi.

Nde nder hitaande 1900 protectorate ƴetti diga Ofisa Fedde Fuuta to Ofisa Koloniya, Ralph Moor laati Komisaaru Mawndu nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder worgo e waɗi ko haɓɓii dow laamu keso, ngam nyawgal maako yaawata, o wari haa pension nder lewru 1 Oktoobar 1903.

Egerton laati gomnaaku laamorde Lagos, nder nder leydi [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] nder worgo hirnaange lesdi Nigeria, nder hitaande 1903. Jaɓɓorgo laamu koloniya yiɗi hawtaade koloniya Lagos e protectorate lesdi Naajeeriya, e nder lewru August 1904 o suɓii Egerton bana komisaaru mawɗo ngam protectorate leydi Naajeeriya. O waɗi kuugal ɗiɗo fuu haa 28 feebariyee 1906.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Nder nden taariik, leydi ɗiɗo fuu ɓe hawti e dowla, Egerton laatii gomnati leydi ɓuuɓuɗo e protectorate leydi Naijeriya, o jooɗii haa hitaande 1912.{{Sfn|Worldstatesmen}} Nder lesdi Naajeeriya ɓooyma, leydi Lagos ɓooyaama laamorgo hirnaange, nden lesdi Najeeriya ɓooyaamu lesdi Naajeeri ɓooyaaki laamorgo cakaare bee laamorgo Warri e laamorgo fuunaaŋge bee laamorugo [[Kalaba|Calabar]]. {{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}}

Nde ardiiɗo maako nder lesdi Naijeriya, Sir Ralph Denham Rayment Moor, ummi, ɓurna fuunaaŋge Naijeriya ɗon haaje nder laamu British. Nde Egerton fuɗɗii laamu, o fuɗɗi siyasa jaɓɓude jaɓɓorgo jamɗingol ngal, ɗum waɗi o jaɓɓii jaɓɓorgal ngam hujja semmbe, o waɗaayi ɗum ngam hujja laamu.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}}

Nde Egerton laati gomnaaru [[Lagos]] o jaɓii e ɓernde mawnde ɓesdaare laawol ferel Lagos - [[Ibadan]] haa Oshogbo, nden nder lewru Noofambar 1904 ɓe jaɓii kuugal ngal. Maaki maaki fuɗɗii nder lewru Janaare 1905 nden laawol ngol yotti Oshogbo nder lewru Awril 1907.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}}

O yiɗi laawol ferel dow laawol maayo, o yiɗi laawol feral ɓeydaani haa [[Kano]] nder laawol [[Zariya|Zaria]]. {{Sfn|Carland|1985}}

O ɗon jaɓɓa nder nder nder nder laawol, o ɗon maɓɓina dow laawol ngol moodi moodi mo moodi mo, ngam o huuwto yimɓe ɓe ɓe ngalaa hakkillo.{{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}}

Egerton hawti e miijo Moor dow halkere nde waɗata to jaayɗe [[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross River]] ngam hawtuki jaayɓe asli e jaayɓe nder [[Kalaba|Calabar]]. Jaayndiyaaɓe ɗi ɗon ɗon mari laamu fuɗɗiima waɗugo jaayndiyaaji ngam ɓe ɗon sakkindi jaayndiyankooɓe ɓe ɗon yiɗi waɗugo baseji ɓaawo nder lesdi, ammaa bee caɗeele, Egerton ɗon kolli jaayndiyaɓe ngam ɓe ummitina kiita maɓɓe.{{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}}

Egerton ɗon ɗon haɓɓa ngam ɓamtaare koloniya. O hoolaaki e jaɓugol ɓeydi ɓeydi haa wakkatiji feere feere nder ɓeydi koloniya, ɗum holli nder ceede maako diga 1906 haa 1912. O waɗi haɓre fu ngam heɓugo jaɓugo ceede ɗe ngam jaɓugo jaɓugol laamu koloniya.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}}

Hande 1908, Egerton jaɓii miijo &quot;dental ngal ngal ngal ngalluɗi e ngalluɗi, e hooreejo ngal ngalluɗum e ngalluɗum&quot;, nden ngalluɗi ngal ngalluɓi nder 1910.{{Sfn|Falola|2003}}

Egerton hokki ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓamta ɓe ɓe ɓe njogii ɓe ɓe ɓe nganndi, ɗum woni miijo ɓe ɓe ɓe anndi diga wakkati maɓɓe nder Malaya, ɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗi ngam ɓe njogita leydi ngam ɓe mbaɗi ɗum. Ɗuum waɗi ko fuɗɗiiɗo waɗde golle mawɗe.{{Sfn|Duignan|Gann|1975}} O ɗon tammi boo woodi pottanol mawɗum nder kuuje tin ɓadii [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]], o ɗon tammi to ɗum holli laawol limgal to kuuje tin ɗon haani.{{Sfn|Calvert|1910}}

== Firooji ==

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      <text bytes="2800" sha1="qeuu9yc1bd99pfh5vtup7nbjzsap135" xml:space="preserve">'''Jobawa'en''' pronunciation i (بانو جوبي) ko leñol tokosol e nder leñol [[Pullo|Fulɓe]] . Ko adii fof ina tawee e Kano Fuɗnaange ɓooyɗo, ko kamɓe ngoni leñol Fulɓe gadanol jokkondirde e leñol Hausa en . 

== Tariya ==
Jobawa en ina mbiya ko kamɓe ngoni leñol Fulɓe adanɓe jokkondirde e Sudaan hakkundeejo, ɗum noon ina addana ɓe waawde wonde egguɓe [[Pullo|Fulɓe]] ko adii Tengualla ummoraade e ɓanndu Fulɓe adanndu. E won e sahaaji e nder teeminannde 14ɓiire, Jobawa ummii ko e laamu to Fuɗnaange Sultanaat Kano, caggal ɗuum seeɗa wonti ronooɓe tagoore Makama Kano.  (biro mo ɓe njogii haa hannde).

Nde o anndi innde Shehu [[Sayku Usmaan Ɓii Fooduye|Usman dan Fodio]], Malam Umaru, Fulanijo mo Waijobe, hoosi ɓiyiiko debbo Habiba haa saare Shehu haa [[Degel]] haa woyla-fuunaange Gobir, o ƴami Shehu ngam o jaɓa ɓiyiiko debbo bana almuudo, nde Shehu jaɓi Habiba to ɓiyiiko debbo o jaɓi mo caggal mum heɓi lakabi walla innde jokkere enɗam Malam Bakatsine, Shehu ina wiyee jaabtii e ɗemngal fulfulde ja ba do firti ko yiɗde maa jaɓaama, ngam teddinde ndee hiirde geɗe Malam Umaru ina wiyee Jobawa, laamu Muallimawa ko leñol tokosol e nder Jobawa. 

E laamu Sarkin Kano [[Aliyu Babba]] o toɗɗii Sarkin Takai Umaru Dan Maisaje ngam wonde Makaman Kano, jokkondiral makko e Jobawa ina rewi laawol e yumma baaba makko Habiba, miñiiko debbo Malam Bakatsine, e waɗde toɗɗagol ngol ko sarɗiiji aadaaji ngam wonde iwdi agnatik, ko ɗum waɗi ɗum ƴeewtaaka e hitaande Iwdi Jobawa jogiindi jokkondiral baaba walla yumma ngam yiɗde toɗɗaade Makaman Kano. 

== Wakkati Jihaadi ==
E nder jihaadiiji Fulɓe e teeminannde 19ɓiire jobawa ina waɗi nafoore mawnde e deeƴre Sultanaat Kano . Waylude hoolaare nde Muhammadu Bakatsine, Makama Kano e oon sahaa e Magajin Jobe mbaɗi e hare mawnde wiyeteende ‘Daukar Girma’ [1] wayli mbaydi kampaañ Kano ngam naftoraade Fulɓe. Bakatsine wonti caggal mum gooto e baabiraaɓe jeeɗiɗo sosnooɓe Emiraaji Kano ngam tabitinde Jobe nokku e nder Kalifaandi Sokoto keso sosaaɗo .

Kono caggal jihaadi, ardorde Emiraaji Kano kesi ɗii ndokkaama leñol Mundubawa e gardagol Suleymaan Abuu Hama, kono ko njoɓdi, Mandikko Ibnu Bakatsine, ɓiy Muhammadu Bakatsine, waɗtaa Madaki gadano e Emiraaji Kano. Jobe en kadi njoginoo ko njiimaandi biro Makama e ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange Kano so wonaa Forteeji Gaya e Birnin Kudu, ɗum waɗi ɗum en reenooɓe ko ɓuri tataɓe ɗiɗi - tataɓe emiraaji ɗii. 

== Jobawa tedduɗo ==

* [[Murtala Muhammed]], jokkondirɗo e Jobawa to bannge yumma mum (rewrude e yumma mum), gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi.
* [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila|Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaayla]] jokkondiri e Jobawa rewrude e neene makko mawniiko biyeteeɗo Binta ɓiy Sarkin Sumaayla Akilu.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2899" sha1="r2yix15j6aum0tex3z0ob11srs2gke6" xml:space="preserve">'''Jobawa'en''' pronunciation i (بانو جوبي) ko leñol tokosol e nder leñol [[Pullo|Fulɓe]] . Ko adii fof ina tawee e Kano Fuɗnaange ɓooyɗo, ko kamɓe ngoni leñol Fulɓe gadanol jokkondirde e leñol Hausa en.&lt;ref&gt;Shea P J. &quot;Mallam Muhammad Bakatsine and the Jihad in Eastern Kano&quot;. Retrieved 2014-04-04.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tariya ==
Jobawa en ina mbiya ko kamɓe ngoni leñol Fulɓe adanɓe jokkondirde e Sudaan hakkundeejo, ɗum noon ina addana ɓe waawde wonde egguɓe [[Pullo|Fulɓe]] ko adii Tengualla ummoraade e ɓanndu Fulɓe adanndu. E won e sahaaji e nder teeminannde 14ɓiire, Jobawa ummii ko e laamu to Fuɗnaange Sultanaat Kano, caggal ɗuum seeɗa wonti ronooɓe tagoore Makama Kano.  (biro mo ɓe njogii haa hannde).

Nde o anndi innde Shehu [[Sayku Usmaan Ɓii Fooduye|Usman dan Fodio]], Malam Umaru, Fulanijo mo Waijobe, hoosi ɓiyiiko debbo Habiba haa saare Shehu haa [[Degel]] haa woyla-fuunaange Gobir, o ƴami Shehu ngam o jaɓa ɓiyiiko debbo bana almuudo, nde Shehu jaɓi Habiba to ɓiyiiko debbo o jaɓi mo caggal mum heɓi lakabi walla innde jokkere enɗam Malam Bakatsine, Shehu ina wiyee jaabtii e ɗemngal fulfulde ja ba do firti ko yiɗde maa jaɓaama, ngam teddinde ndee hiirde geɗe Malam Umaru ina wiyee Jobawa, laamu Muallimawa ko leñol tokosol e nder Jobawa. 

E laamu Sarkin Kano [[Aliyu Babba]] o toɗɗii Sarkin Takai Umaru Dan Maisaje ngam wonde Makaman Kano, jokkondiral makko e Jobawa ina rewi laawol e yumma baaba makko Habiba, miñiiko debbo Malam Bakatsine, e waɗde toɗɗagol ngol ko sarɗiiji aadaaji ngam wonde iwdi agnatik, ko ɗum waɗi ɗum ƴeewtaaka e hitaande Iwdi Jobawa jogiindi jokkondiral baaba walla yumma ngam yiɗde toɗɗaade Makaman Kano. 

== Wakkati Jihaadi ==
E nder jihaadiiji Fulɓe e teeminannde 19ɓiire jobawa ina waɗi nafoore mawnde e deeƴre Sultanaat Kano . Waylude hoolaare nde Muhammadu Bakatsine, Makama Kano e oon sahaa e Magajin Jobe mbaɗi e hare mawnde wiyeteende ‘Daukar Girma’ [1] wayli mbaydi kampaañ Kano ngam naftoraade Fulɓe. Bakatsine wonti caggal mum gooto e baabiraaɓe jeeɗiɗo sosnooɓe Emiraaji Kano ngam tabitinde Jobe nokku e nder Kalifaandi Sokoto keso sosaaɗo .

Kono caggal jihaadi, ardorde Emiraaji Kano kesi ɗii ndokkaama leñol Mundubawa e gardagol Suleymaan Abuu Hama, kono ko njoɓdi, Mandikko Ibnu Bakatsine, ɓiy Muhammadu Bakatsine, waɗtaa Madaki gadano e Emiraaji Kano. Jobe en kadi njoginoo ko njiimaandi biro Makama e ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange Kano so wonaa Forteeji Gaya e Birnin Kudu, ɗum waɗi ɗum en reenooɓe ko ɓuri tataɓe ɗiɗi - tataɓe emiraaji ɗii. 

== Jobawa tedduɗo ==

* [[Murtala Muhammed]], jokkondirɗo e Jobawa to bannge yumma mum (rewrude e yumma mum), gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi.
* [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila|Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaayla]] jokkondiri e Jobawa rewrude e neene makko mawniiko biyeteeɗo Binta ɓiy Sarkin Sumaayla Akilu.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Jobawa'en''' pronunciation i (بانو جوبي) ko leñol tokosol e nder leñol [[Pullo|Fulɓe]] . Ko adii fof ina tawee e Kano Fuɗnaange ɓooyɗo, ko kamɓe ngoni leñol Fulɓe gadanol jokkondirde e leñol Hausa en.&lt;ref&gt;Shea P J. &quot;Mallam Muhammad Bakatsine and the Jihad in Eastern Kano&quot;. Retrieved 2014-04-04.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tariya ==
Jobawa en ina mbiya ko kamɓe ngoni leñol Fulɓe adanɓe jokkondirde e Sudaan hakkundeejo, ɗum noon ina addana ɓe waawde wonde egguɓe [[Pullo|Fulɓe]] ko adii Tengualla ummoraade e ɓanndu Fulɓe adanndu. E won e sahaaji e nder teeminannde 14ɓiire, Jobawa ummii ko e laamu to Fuɗnaange Sultanaat Kano, caggal ɗuum seeɗa wonti ronooɓe tagoore Makama Kano.  (biro mo ɓe njogii haa hannde).

Nde o anndi innde Shehu [[Sayku Usmaan Ɓii Fooduye|Usman dan Fodio]], Malam Umaru, Fulanijo mo Waijobe, hoosi ɓiyiiko debbo Habiba haa saare Shehu haa [[Degel]] haa woyla-fuunaange Gobir, o ƴami Shehu ngam o jaɓa ɓiyiiko debbo bana almuudo, nde Shehu jaɓi Habiba to ɓiyiiko debbo o jaɓi mo caggal mum heɓi lakabi walla innde jokkere enɗam Malam Bakatsine, Shehu ina wiyee jaabtii e ɗemngal fulfulde ja ba do firti ko yiɗde maa jaɓaama, ngam teddinde ndee hiirde geɗe Malam Umaru ina wiyee Jobawa, laamu Muallimawa ko leñol tokosol e nder Jobawa. 

E laamu Sarkin Kano [[Aliyu Babba]] o toɗɗii Sarkin Takai Umaru Dan Maisaje ngam wonde Makaman Kano, jokkondiral makko e Jobawa ina rewi laawol e yumma baaba makko Habiba, miñiiko debbo Malam Bakatsine, e waɗde toɗɗagol ngol ko sarɗiiji aadaaji ngam wonde iwdi agnatik, ko ɗum waɗi ɗum ƴeewtaaka e hitaande Iwdi Jobawa jogiindi jokkondiral baaba walla yumma ngam yiɗde toɗɗaade Makaman Kano. 

== Wakkati Jihaadi ==
E nder jihaadiiji Fulɓe e teeminannde 19ɓiire jobawa ina waɗi nafoore mawnde e deeƴre Sultanaat Kano . Waylude hoolaare nde Muhammadu Bakatsine, Makama Kano e oon sahaa e Magajin Jobe mbaɗi e hare mawnde wiyeteende ‘Daukar Girma’ [1] wayli mbaydi kampaañ Kano ngam naftoraade Fulɓe. Bakatsine wonti caggal mum gooto e baabiraaɓe jeeɗiɗo sosnooɓe Emiraaji Kano ngam tabitinde Jobe nokku e nder Kalifaandi Sokoto keso sosaaɗo .

Kono caggal jihaadi, ardorde Emiraaji Kano kesi ɗii ndokkaama leñol Mundubawa e gardagol Suleymaan Abuu Hama, kono ko njoɓdi, Mandikko Ibnu Bakatsine, ɓiy Muhammadu Bakatsine, waɗtaa Madaki gadano e Emiraaji Kano. Jobe en kadi njoginoo ko njiimaandi biro Makama e ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange Kano so wonaa Forteeji Gaya e Birnin Kudu, ɗum waɗi ɗum en reenooɓe ko ɓuri tataɓe ɗiɗi - tataɓe emiraaji ɗii. 

== Jobawa tedduɗo ==

* [[Murtala Muhammed]], jokkondirɗo e Jobawa to bannge yumma mum (rewrude e yumma mum), gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi.
* [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila|Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaayla]] jokkondiri e Jobawa rewrude e neene makko mawniiko biyeteeɗo Binta ɓiy Sarkin Sumaayla Akilu.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <title>Hugo trenchard to leydi Nijeer</title>
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      <text bytes="4970" sha1="a7cld6v9tgzfpnxchz1yn78vpauj6f8" xml:space="preserve">'''Hugh Trenchard''' yi'i kuugal '''haa [[Naajeeriya|lesdi Naajeeriya]]''' diga hitaande 1903 haa 1910 haa o nasti nder kuuɗe ngam waddugo nder lesdi lesdi les laamu Biritaniya'en cemmbiɗɗum e ustugo fitinaaji hakkunde le'i. E nder jamaanu makko to Afrik hirnaange, Trenchard ardii konu leydi Nijeer to bannge worgo duuɓi keewɗi, o artiraa e lietnaa kolonel .

== Argol e yahdu adanndu ==
E lewru suwee 1903, caggal wolde Boer, Major Trenchard ina woni e liggey to Angalteer, o miijii cuɓe makko garooje. O fellitaaki hakkunde heddaade e Konu walla ƴettude golle ngam ƴeewde kaŋŋe to Transvaal. Caggal nde o hawri e Kolonel Gilman, mo Ofis konu toɗɗii ngam ƴettude ofiseeji e nder konu leydi Nijeer, o suɓii ko heddaade e konu. Caggal yeewtere nde o waɗi to Londres e Seneraal Kemball, Trenchard rokkaama jappeere cukko komandaajo konu leydi Nijeer e fodoore wonde omo jogii hakke ardaade denndaangal yah-ngartaa konu nguu. 

Trenchard arii [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]] e puɗal lewru desaambar 1903, o jippii e laana ndiwoowa Bonny . Ndeen o yahri ko e daande maayo e laana ndiwoowa haa o yettii [[Kalaba|Calabar]], o habri ɗum komanndaaji, hono Kolonel Montanaro. Montanaro ina hesɗitina njillu ngam haɗde fitinaaji hakkunde leƴƴi e nder leydi hee. Ñalnde hade njillu nguu yahde, Montanaro wiyi Trenchard wonde o yahdataa e makko sabu omo sikki Trenchard, nde tawnoo o acclimatisé, maa won liggey e nder ladde. Trenchard fof e seppooji mum, o heddii ko caggal.  E oon sahaa, Seneraal Kemball ina woni to Gold Coast, Trenchard ina waawi neldude Kemball wire ina hulɓina ɗum hootde to Angalteer. Kemball jokkondiri e Sir Ralph Moore, guwerneer leydi Najeriya, o yaltini yamiroore ngam Trenchard lomtoo Montanaro e gardagol njillu nguu.  Trenchard nanngi njillu nguu balɗe keewɗe ummoraade Itu . Caggal gostondiral seeɗa, Trenchard rokki Montanaro binndital wire guwerneer oo, o jaɓi. Caggal nde o fotnoo haɓde e mettere won e ofiseeji konu nguu, Trenchard ardii njillu nguu feewde nokku jiiɓru oo. Balɗe seeɗa caggal ɗuum, yahdu Trenchard yiyti seedeeji warngooji diineeji, caggal ɗuum worɓe Igbo en ndartini ɗum. Caggal nde ɓe keɓi foolde njanngu nguu, worɓe Trenchard keɓi wuro nokku oo jamma. Subaka janngo mum, mawɗo leñol nokku oo e yimɓe mum ndokki juuɗe mum en. Ndeen Trenchard fuɗɗiima addude waɗɓe warngooji ɗii e ñaawoore, e haɓaade worɓe Igbo bellicose. E nder sahaa gooto, mawɓe jeegom woɗɓe, tawi ko famɗi fof 10 000 neɗɗo, ndokki juuɗe mum en e juuɗe Trenchard, fotde 250 neɗɗo, tawi ina njogii doole yiite ɓurɗe mawnude. 

== Muurtere e nder leydi Kameruun Almaañ e Kumandant gardiiɗo ==
E lewru marse 1904, Trenchard yahi to dow [[Cross River (Nigeria)|maayo Cross]] nde fitinaaji leƴƴi e nder leydi Kameruun keedndi Almaañ ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder leydi Nijeer. Trenchard fawi murto ngo to [[Aparabong]], ujunnaaje ujunnaaje worɓe ndokki konu mum balɗe. 

Ko e hitaande 1904 kadi Trenchard tawtoraama waɗtude leydi Igbo les njiimaandi Angalteer. E fuɗɗoode heewɓe e hoɗɓe ɓee njaɓaani rokkude kaɓirɗe e juuɗe Angalteer, jaagorgal politik Trenchard, hono R. M. Heron, yuɓɓini ngam halkude galleeji jogiiɓe kaɓirɗe. E nder lewru nduu, balɗe keewɗe e kaɓirɗe goɗɗe ndokkaama soldateeɓe Trenchard to Nkwo [[Nnewi]] ɗo ɓe ndartinaa. E nder oon sahaa Igbo en ina mbiya Trenchard ''Nwangwele'', firti ko ɓiɗɗo ƴiye e [[Igbo|ɗemngal Igbo]], sabu mbaydi makko. 

Gila e ndunngu 1904 haa e darorɗe ndunngu 1905, Trenchard woniino gardiiɗo konu leydi Nijeer. E nder sahaa nde o woni e laamu, Trenchard fuɗɗiima addude diisnondiral tiiɗngal e ko o miijinoo ko dental ngal alaa ɗo haaɗi. Julaagu haɗaama, yarlitaare e majjere ñaawaama, kala soldateeɓe nanngaaɓe e rewɓe nokku oo mbaɗaama kuule. 

== Bende-Onitsha ko njillu caggal leydi ==
E toɗɗagol komannda keso, Trenchard hollitii peeje mum ngam addude diiwaan mo anndaaka oo 200 miles (320 km) to fuɗnaange-rewo Calabar e les njiimaandi Angalteer. Ndeeɗoo diiwaan hakkunde maayo Cross e [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Niiseer]] ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 1,200 square miles (3,100 km   e nokku mo Bende woni to bannge worgo e [[Onitsha]] to bannge hirnaange.  Ko ngol woni go’o ko njillu Angalteer ɓurngu mawnude e nder leydi Nijeer gila e njillu Aro e hitaande 1901 e hitaande 1902. 

E fuɗɗoode ko wiyetee njillu nder leydi Bende-Onitsha, doktoor Angalteer gooto nanngaa e juuɗe worɓe Igbo heewɓe, caggal ɗuum waraa, ñaama e wiyde Geary (1927). Ekspedisiyoŋ Trenchard ƴetti mbaadi punndi nde o rewi e warɓe ɓee, [1] haa o dañi hare tiiɗnde e worɓe ɓee, o fooli ɓe e kuutoragol balɗe makko Maxim . Mawɓe ɓee ngaddaama e yeewtere, ɓalndu doktoor oo e ƴiye mum celli. Ujunaaje ujunnaaje worɓe Igbo en ndartinaama e golle, ina mbaɗa laabi e nder ladde. Golle makko e nder njillu Bende-Onitsha, Trenchard rokkaama yamiroore gollal teddungal e hitaande 1906. [2] [3]

== Iwdiiji ==
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      <text bytes="5002" sha1="k5w4je5tltieehp2rqa4ft7r6iqanfg" xml:space="preserve">'''Hugh Trenchard''' yi'i kuugal '''haa [[Naajeeriya|lesdi Naajeeriya]]''' diga hitaande 1903 haa 1910 haa o nasti nder kuuɗe ngam waddugo nder lesdi lesdi les laamu Biritaniya'en cemmbiɗɗum e ustugo fitinaaji hakkunde le'i. E nder jamaanu makko to Afrik hirnaange, Trenchard ardii konu leydi Nijeer to bannge worgo duuɓi keewɗi, o artiraa e lietnaa kolonel.&lt;ref&gt;Boyle 1962:pp. 71–72&lt;/ref&gt;

== Argol e yahdu adanndu ==
E lewru suwee 1903, caggal wolde Boer, Major Trenchard ina woni e liggey to Angalteer, o miijii cuɓe makko garooje. O fellitaaki hakkunde heddaade e Konu walla ƴettude golle ngam ƴeewde kaŋŋe to Transvaal. Caggal nde o hawri e Kolonel Gilman, mo Ofis konu toɗɗii ngam ƴettude ofiseeji e nder konu leydi Nijeer, o suɓii ko heddaade e konu. Caggal yeewtere nde o waɗi to Londres e Seneraal Kemball, Trenchard rokkaama jappeere cukko komandaajo konu leydi Nijeer e fodoore wonde omo jogii hakke ardaade denndaangal yah-ngartaa konu nguu. 

Trenchard arii [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]] e puɗal lewru desaambar 1903, o jippii e laana ndiwoowa Bonny . Ndeen o yahri ko e daande maayo e laana ndiwoowa haa o yettii [[Kalaba|Calabar]], o habri ɗum komanndaaji, hono Kolonel Montanaro. Montanaro ina hesɗitina njillu ngam haɗde fitinaaji hakkunde leƴƴi e nder leydi hee. Ñalnde hade njillu nguu yahde, Montanaro wiyi Trenchard wonde o yahdataa e makko sabu omo sikki Trenchard, nde tawnoo o acclimatisé, maa won liggey e nder ladde. Trenchard fof e seppooji mum, o heddii ko caggal.  E oon sahaa, Seneraal Kemball ina woni to Gold Coast, Trenchard ina waawi neldude Kemball wire ina hulɓina ɗum hootde to Angalteer. Kemball jokkondiri e Sir Ralph Moore, guwerneer leydi Najeriya, o yaltini yamiroore ngam Trenchard lomtoo Montanaro e gardagol njillu nguu.  Trenchard nanngi njillu nguu balɗe keewɗe ummoraade Itu . Caggal gostondiral seeɗa, Trenchard rokki Montanaro binndital wire guwerneer oo, o jaɓi. Caggal nde o fotnoo haɓde e mettere won e ofiseeji konu nguu, Trenchard ardii njillu nguu feewde nokku jiiɓru oo. Balɗe seeɗa caggal ɗuum, yahdu Trenchard yiyti seedeeji warngooji diineeji, caggal ɗuum worɓe Igbo en ndartini ɗum. Caggal nde ɓe keɓi foolde njanngu nguu, worɓe Trenchard keɓi wuro nokku oo jamma. Subaka janngo mum, mawɗo leñol nokku oo e yimɓe mum ndokki juuɗe mum en. Ndeen Trenchard fuɗɗiima addude waɗɓe warngooji ɗii e ñaawoore, e haɓaade worɓe Igbo bellicose. E nder sahaa gooto, mawɓe jeegom woɗɓe, tawi ko famɗi fof 10 000 neɗɗo, ndokki juuɗe mum en e juuɗe Trenchard, fotde 250 neɗɗo, tawi ina njogii doole yiite ɓurɗe mawnude. 

== Muurtere e nder leydi Kameruun Almaañ e Kumandant gardiiɗo ==
E lewru marse 1904, Trenchard yahi to dow [[Cross River (Nigeria)|maayo Cross]] nde fitinaaji leƴƴi e nder leydi Kameruun keedndi Almaañ ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder leydi Nijeer. Trenchard fawi murto ngo to [[Aparabong]], ujunnaaje ujunnaaje worɓe ndokki konu mum balɗe. 

Ko e hitaande 1904 kadi Trenchard tawtoraama waɗtude leydi Igbo les njiimaandi Angalteer. E fuɗɗoode heewɓe e hoɗɓe ɓee njaɓaani rokkude kaɓirɗe e juuɗe Angalteer, jaagorgal politik Trenchard, hono R. M. Heron, yuɓɓini ngam halkude galleeji jogiiɓe kaɓirɗe. E nder lewru nduu, balɗe keewɗe e kaɓirɗe goɗɗe ndokkaama soldateeɓe Trenchard to Nkwo [[Nnewi]] ɗo ɓe ndartinaa. E nder oon sahaa Igbo en ina mbiya Trenchard ''Nwangwele'', firti ko ɓiɗɗo ƴiye e [[Igbo|ɗemngal Igbo]], sabu mbaydi makko. 

Gila e ndunngu 1904 haa e darorɗe ndunngu 1905, Trenchard woniino gardiiɗo konu leydi Nijeer. E nder sahaa nde o woni e laamu, Trenchard fuɗɗiima addude diisnondiral tiiɗngal e ko o miijinoo ko dental ngal alaa ɗo haaɗi. Julaagu haɗaama, yarlitaare e majjere ñaawaama, kala soldateeɓe nanngaaɓe e rewɓe nokku oo mbaɗaama kuule. 

== Bende-Onitsha ko njillu caggal leydi ==
E toɗɗagol komannda keso, Trenchard hollitii peeje mum ngam addude diiwaan mo anndaaka oo 200 miles (320 km) to fuɗnaange-rewo Calabar e les njiimaandi Angalteer. Ndeeɗoo diiwaan hakkunde maayo Cross e [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Niiseer]] ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 1,200 square miles (3,100 km   e nokku mo Bende woni to bannge worgo e [[Onitsha]] to bannge hirnaange.  Ko ngol woni go’o ko njillu Angalteer ɓurngu mawnude e nder leydi Nijeer gila e njillu Aro e hitaande 1901 e hitaande 1902. 

E fuɗɗoode ko wiyetee njillu nder leydi Bende-Onitsha, doktoor Angalteer gooto nanngaa e juuɗe worɓe Igbo heewɓe, caggal ɗuum waraa, ñaama e wiyde Geary (1927). Ekspedisiyoŋ Trenchard ƴetti mbaadi punndi nde o rewi e warɓe ɓee, [1] haa o dañi hare tiiɗnde e worɓe ɓee, o fooli ɓe e kuutoragol balɗe makko Maxim . Mawɓe ɓee ngaddaama e yeewtere, ɓalndu doktoor oo e ƴiye mum celli. Ujunaaje ujunnaaje worɓe Igbo en ndartinaama e golle, ina mbaɗa laabi e nder ladde. Golle makko e nder njillu Bende-Onitsha, Trenchard rokkaama yamiroore gollal teddungal e hitaande 1906. [2] [3]

== Iwdiiji ==
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      <text bytes="5036" sha1="07y0yrnihm3h7bxcxhsj4fru833xkoo" xml:space="preserve">'''Hugh Trenchard''' yi'i kuugal '''haa [[Naajeeriya|lesdi Naajeeriya]]''' diga hitaande 1903 haa 1910 haa o nasti nder kuuɗe ngam waddugo nder lesdi lesdi les laamu Biritaniya'en cemmbiɗɗum e ustugo fitinaaji hakkunde le'i. E nder jamaanu makko to Afrik hirnaange, Trenchard ardii konu leydi Nijeer to bannge worgo duuɓi keewɗi, o artiraa e lietnaa kolonel.&lt;ref&gt;Boyle 1962:pp. 71–72&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Boyle 1962: pp. 72–73&lt;/ref&gt;

== Argol e yahdu adanndu ==
E lewru suwee 1903, caggal wolde Boer, Major Trenchard ina woni e liggey to Angalteer, o miijii cuɓe makko garooje. O fellitaaki hakkunde heddaade e Konu walla ƴettude golle ngam ƴeewde kaŋŋe to Transvaal. Caggal nde o hawri e Kolonel Gilman, mo Ofis konu toɗɗii ngam ƴettude ofiseeji e nder konu leydi Nijeer, o suɓii ko heddaade e konu. Caggal yeewtere nde o waɗi to Londres e Seneraal Kemball, Trenchard rokkaama jappeere cukko komandaajo konu leydi Nijeer e fodoore wonde omo jogii hakke ardaade denndaangal yah-ngartaa konu nguu. 

Trenchard arii [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]] e puɗal lewru desaambar 1903, o jippii e laana ndiwoowa Bonny . Ndeen o yahri ko e daande maayo e laana ndiwoowa haa o yettii [[Kalaba|Calabar]], o habri ɗum komanndaaji, hono Kolonel Montanaro. Montanaro ina hesɗitina njillu ngam haɗde fitinaaji hakkunde leƴƴi e nder leydi hee. Ñalnde hade njillu nguu yahde, Montanaro wiyi Trenchard wonde o yahdataa e makko sabu omo sikki Trenchard, nde tawnoo o acclimatisé, maa won liggey e nder ladde. Trenchard fof e seppooji mum, o heddii ko caggal.  E oon sahaa, Seneraal Kemball ina woni to Gold Coast, Trenchard ina waawi neldude Kemball wire ina hulɓina ɗum hootde to Angalteer. Kemball jokkondiri e Sir Ralph Moore, guwerneer leydi Najeriya, o yaltini yamiroore ngam Trenchard lomtoo Montanaro e gardagol njillu nguu.  Trenchard nanngi njillu nguu balɗe keewɗe ummoraade Itu . Caggal gostondiral seeɗa, Trenchard rokki Montanaro binndital wire guwerneer oo, o jaɓi. Caggal nde o fotnoo haɓde e mettere won e ofiseeji konu nguu, Trenchard ardii njillu nguu feewde nokku jiiɓru oo. Balɗe seeɗa caggal ɗuum, yahdu Trenchard yiyti seedeeji warngooji diineeji, caggal ɗuum worɓe Igbo en ndartini ɗum. Caggal nde ɓe keɓi foolde njanngu nguu, worɓe Trenchard keɓi wuro nokku oo jamma. Subaka janngo mum, mawɗo leñol nokku oo e yimɓe mum ndokki juuɗe mum en. Ndeen Trenchard fuɗɗiima addude waɗɓe warngooji ɗii e ñaawoore, e haɓaade worɓe Igbo bellicose. E nder sahaa gooto, mawɓe jeegom woɗɓe, tawi ko famɗi fof 10 000 neɗɗo, ndokki juuɗe mum en e juuɗe Trenchard, fotde 250 neɗɗo, tawi ina njogii doole yiite ɓurɗe mawnude. 

== Muurtere e nder leydi Kameruun Almaañ e Kumandant gardiiɗo ==
E lewru marse 1904, Trenchard yahi to dow [[Cross River (Nigeria)|maayo Cross]] nde fitinaaji leƴƴi e nder leydi Kameruun keedndi Almaañ ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder leydi Nijeer. Trenchard fawi murto ngo to [[Aparabong]], ujunnaaje ujunnaaje worɓe ndokki konu mum balɗe. 

Ko e hitaande 1904 kadi Trenchard tawtoraama waɗtude leydi Igbo les njiimaandi Angalteer. E fuɗɗoode heewɓe e hoɗɓe ɓee njaɓaani rokkude kaɓirɗe e juuɗe Angalteer, jaagorgal politik Trenchard, hono R. M. Heron, yuɓɓini ngam halkude galleeji jogiiɓe kaɓirɗe. E nder lewru nduu, balɗe keewɗe e kaɓirɗe goɗɗe ndokkaama soldateeɓe Trenchard to Nkwo [[Nnewi]] ɗo ɓe ndartinaa. E nder oon sahaa Igbo en ina mbiya Trenchard ''Nwangwele'', firti ko ɓiɗɗo ƴiye e [[Igbo|ɗemngal Igbo]], sabu mbaydi makko. 

Gila e ndunngu 1904 haa e darorɗe ndunngu 1905, Trenchard woniino gardiiɗo konu leydi Nijeer. E nder sahaa nde o woni e laamu, Trenchard fuɗɗiima addude diisnondiral tiiɗngal e ko o miijinoo ko dental ngal alaa ɗo haaɗi. Julaagu haɗaama, yarlitaare e majjere ñaawaama, kala soldateeɓe nanngaaɓe e rewɓe nokku oo mbaɗaama kuule. 

== Bende-Onitsha ko njillu caggal leydi ==
E toɗɗagol komannda keso, Trenchard hollitii peeje mum ngam addude diiwaan mo anndaaka oo 200 miles (320 km) to fuɗnaange-rewo Calabar e les njiimaandi Angalteer. Ndeeɗoo diiwaan hakkunde maayo Cross e [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Niiseer]] ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 1,200 square miles (3,100 km   e nokku mo Bende woni to bannge worgo e [[Onitsha]] to bannge hirnaange.  Ko ngol woni go’o ko njillu Angalteer ɓurngu mawnude e nder leydi Nijeer gila e njillu Aro e hitaande 1901 e hitaande 1902. 

E fuɗɗoode ko wiyetee njillu nder leydi Bende-Onitsha, doktoor Angalteer gooto nanngaa e juuɗe worɓe Igbo heewɓe, caggal ɗuum waraa, ñaama e wiyde Geary (1927). Ekspedisiyoŋ Trenchard ƴetti mbaadi punndi nde o rewi e warɓe ɓee, [1] haa o dañi hare tiiɗnde e worɓe ɓee, o fooli ɓe e kuutoragol balɗe makko Maxim . Mawɓe ɓee ngaddaama e yeewtere, ɓalndu doktoor oo e ƴiye mum celli. Ujunaaje ujunnaaje worɓe Igbo en ndartinaama e golle, ina mbaɗa laabi e nder ladde. Golle makko e nder njillu Bende-Onitsha, Trenchard rokkaama yamiroore gollal teddungal e hitaande 1906. [2] [3]

== Iwdiiji ==
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'''Hugh Trenchard''' yi'i kuugal '''haa [[Naajeeriya|lesdi Naajeeriya]]''' diga hitaande 1903 haa 1910 haa o nasti nder kuuɗe ngam waddugo nder lesdi lesdi les laamu Biritaniya'en cemmbiɗɗum e ustugo fitinaaji hakkunde le'i. E nder jamaanu makko to Afrik hirnaange, Trenchard ardii konu leydi Nijeer to bannge worgo duuɓi keewɗi, o artiraa e lietnaa kolonel.&lt;ref&gt;Boyle 1962:pp. 71–72&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Boyle 1962: pp. 72–73&lt;/ref&gt;

== Argol e yahdu adanndu ==
E lewru suwee 1903, caggal wolde Boer, Major Trenchard ina woni e liggey to Angalteer, o miijii cuɓe makko garooje. O fellitaaki hakkunde heddaade e Konu walla ƴettude golle ngam ƴeewde kaŋŋe to Transvaal. Caggal nde o hawri e Kolonel Gilman, mo Ofis konu toɗɗii ngam ƴettude ofiseeji e nder konu leydi Nijeer, o suɓii ko heddaade e konu. Caggal yeewtere nde o waɗi to Londres e Seneraal Kemball, Trenchard rokkaama jappeere cukko komandaajo konu leydi Nijeer e fodoore wonde omo jogii hakke ardaade denndaangal yah-ngartaa konu nguu. 

Trenchard arii [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]] e puɗal lewru desaambar 1903, o jippii e laana ndiwoowa Bonny . Ndeen o yahri ko e daande maayo e laana ndiwoowa haa o yettii [[Kalaba|Calabar]], o habri ɗum komanndaaji, hono Kolonel Montanaro. Montanaro ina hesɗitina njillu ngam haɗde fitinaaji hakkunde leƴƴi e nder leydi hee. Ñalnde hade njillu nguu yahde, Montanaro wiyi Trenchard wonde o yahdataa e makko sabu omo sikki Trenchard, nde tawnoo o acclimatisé, maa won liggey e nder ladde. Trenchard fof e seppooji mum, o heddii ko caggal.  E oon sahaa, Seneraal Kemball ina woni to Gold Coast, Trenchard ina waawi neldude Kemball wire ina hulɓina ɗum hootde to Angalteer. Kemball jokkondiri e Sir Ralph Moore, guwerneer leydi Najeriya, o yaltini yamiroore ngam Trenchard lomtoo Montanaro e gardagol njillu nguu.  Trenchard nanngi njillu nguu balɗe keewɗe ummoraade Itu . Caggal gostondiral seeɗa, Trenchard rokki Montanaro binndital wire guwerneer oo, o jaɓi. Caggal nde o fotnoo haɓde e mettere won e ofiseeji konu nguu, Trenchard ardii njillu nguu feewde nokku jiiɓru oo. Balɗe seeɗa caggal ɗuum, yahdu Trenchard yiyti seedeeji warngooji diineeji, caggal ɗuum worɓe Igbo en ndartini ɗum. Caggal nde ɓe keɓi foolde njanngu nguu, worɓe Trenchard keɓi wuro nokku oo jamma. Subaka janngo mum, mawɗo leñol nokku oo e yimɓe mum ndokki juuɗe mum en. Ndeen Trenchard fuɗɗiima addude waɗɓe warngooji ɗii e ñaawoore, e haɓaade worɓe Igbo bellicose. E nder sahaa gooto, mawɓe jeegom woɗɓe, tawi ko famɗi fof 10 000 neɗɗo, ndokki juuɗe mum en e juuɗe Trenchard, fotde 250 neɗɗo, tawi ina njogii doole yiite ɓurɗe mawnude. 

== Muurtere e nder leydi Kameruun Almaañ e Kumandant gardiiɗo ==
E lewru marse 1904, Trenchard yahi to dow [[Cross River (Nigeria)|maayo Cross]] nde fitinaaji leƴƴi e nder leydi Kameruun keedndi Almaañ ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder leydi Nijeer. Trenchard fawi murto ngo to [[Aparabong]], ujunnaaje ujunnaaje worɓe ndokki konu mum balɗe. 

Ko e hitaande 1904 kadi Trenchard tawtoraama waɗtude leydi Igbo les njiimaandi Angalteer. E fuɗɗoode heewɓe e hoɗɓe ɓee njaɓaani rokkude kaɓirɗe e juuɗe Angalteer, jaagorgal politik Trenchard, hono R. M. Heron, yuɓɓini ngam halkude galleeji jogiiɓe kaɓirɗe. E nder lewru nduu, balɗe keewɗe e kaɓirɗe goɗɗe ndokkaama soldateeɓe Trenchard to Nkwo [[Nnewi]] ɗo ɓe ndartinaa. E nder oon sahaa Igbo en ina mbiya Trenchard ''Nwangwele'', firti ko ɓiɗɗo ƴiye e [[Igbo|ɗemngal Igbo]], sabu mbaydi makko. 

Gila e ndunngu 1904 haa e darorɗe ndunngu 1905, Trenchard woniino gardiiɗo konu leydi Nijeer. E nder sahaa nde o woni e laamu, Trenchard fuɗɗiima addude diisnondiral tiiɗngal e ko o miijinoo ko dental ngal alaa ɗo haaɗi. Julaagu haɗaama, yarlitaare e majjere ñaawaama, kala soldateeɓe nanngaaɓe e rewɓe nokku oo mbaɗaama kuule. 

== Bende-Onitsha ko njillu caggal leydi ==
E toɗɗagol komannda keso, Trenchard hollitii peeje mum ngam addude diiwaan mo anndaaka oo 200 miles (320 km) to fuɗnaange-rewo Calabar e les njiimaandi Angalteer. Ndeeɗoo diiwaan hakkunde maayo Cross e [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Niiseer]] ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 1,200 square miles (3,100 km   e nokku mo Bende woni to bannge worgo e [[Onitsha]] to bannge hirnaange.  Ko ngol woni go’o ko njillu Angalteer ɓurngu mawnude e nder leydi Nijeer gila e njillu Aro e hitaande 1901 e hitaande 1902. 

E fuɗɗoode ko wiyetee njillu nder leydi Bende-Onitsha, doktoor Angalteer gooto nanngaa e juuɗe worɓe Igbo heewɓe, caggal ɗuum waraa, ñaama e wiyde Geary (1927). Ekspedisiyoŋ Trenchard ƴetti mbaadi punndi nde o rewi e warɓe ɓee, [1] haa o dañi hare tiiɗnde e worɓe ɓee, o fooli ɓe e kuutoragol balɗe makko Maxim . Mawɓe ɓee ngaddaama e yeewtere, ɓalndu doktoor oo e ƴiye mum celli. Ujunaaje ujunnaaje worɓe Igbo en ndartinaama e golle, ina mbaɗa laabi e nder ladde. Golle makko e nder njillu Bende-Onitsha, Trenchard rokkaama yamiroore gollal teddungal e hitaande 1906. [2] [3]

== Iwdiiji ==
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    <title>Anna Haɗoowo</title>
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'''Anna Hinderer''' walla '''Anna Martin''' (1827–1870) ko misioneer Angalteer to [[Ibadan]], leydi Yoruba ndi jeyaa hannde e leydi Nijeer. O mawnintee ko e windo vitrail e nder galle laamorɗo Liverpool .

== Ngendam ==
[[File:Anna_Hinderer.jpg|left|thumb]]
Hinderer jibinaa ko to Hempnall to Norfolk e hitaande 1827. Yumma makko maayi ko nde o yahrata e duuɓi joy e gila e duuɓi sappo e ɗiɗi ko neene makko e mawniiko toppitii mo haa o yahi o hoɗi to Lowestoft . E nder nokku biyeteeɗo Lowestoft o golliima toon ko o binndoowo to diineyanke biyeteeɗo Francis e Richenda Cunningham. Nde o woni jannginoowo duɗal Aljumaa o hollitii tuubgol makko.  O joginoo yiɗde wonde misioneer, ñalnde 14 oktoobar 1852 o resi David Hinderer. Jom suudu makko keso oo ummorii ko Almaañ kono o gollinaama e fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya Biritaan . 

E hitaande 1852 ɓe puɗɗii sosde mission keso e nder leydi Yoruba e nder ko anndiraa hannde e nder leydi Najeriya. Anna jooɗii seeɗa to Abeokuta . [1] E hitaande 1853 o ari Ibadan hay so tawii ɓe njiɗnoo ko yahde haa ɓura ɗoon ɓe pelliti sosde njuɓɓudi maɓɓe e ndeen wuro. [2] Yimɓe Ibadan ina tolnoo e 55 000 neɗɗo e wiyde Daawuuda. [3] Anna jannginta nder janngirde nde ɓe mahi nden o doggina mission nde Daawuuda woni haa woɗɗi ngam waajaago malla ngam foondugo firo Alkawal Kesal . [2] Jom suudu makko ina waawi haalde ɗemngal Yoruba, omo jokkondiri e mawɓe nokku oo. Ngal nafoore firti ko sukaaɓe mawɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina tawtoree, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e duɗal ngal Anna dognata ngal. [3] Kerecee’en ɗiɗo arannde’en ko Yejide e Akielle ɓe ngoni ɓiɗɗo e ɓiɗɗo mawɗo nokkuure. [1] Laamɗo Hannah Buxton neldi Hinderer keesuuji pijirlooji e hitaande 1855. E hitaande 1866 taaniraaɓe makko ina njuɓɓina pijirlooji ngam neldude ɗum to leydi Najeriya. [4]

E hitaande 1860 wolde fuɗɗii, hareeji ɗii haɗi ɓe yahde to daande maayo fotde duuɓi joy. Parselaaji ummoriiɗi Lady Buxton mbaawaano neldeede sabu maa ɗi njuumtu. Kaalis e nguura timmi, Hinderer ina foti artirde sukaaɓe e toppitagol mum ɗo waawi wonde fof. Ko metti heen gooto e tuubiiɓe maɓɓe maayi caggal nde ɓesngu maɓɓe torri mo sabu ko o Kerecee’en.  Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode cellal makko bonngal, o arti Angalteer e hitaande 1869. 

== Maayde e ndonu ==
[[File:Anna_and_David_Hinderer.jpg|thumb|Misiyoŋaaji ɗiɗi Victoria]]
Hinderer maayi ko to Martham to Norfolk e hitaande 1870 ɗo gorko makko woni e golle kuraajo. Duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, ciimtol makko yalti. ''Duuɓi sappo e jeeɗiɗi e nder leydi Yoruba''  e hay so tawii gorko makko hollitaama ko binnduɗo deftere nde, ko miñiraaɓe rewɓe ɗiɗo, ina wiyee Hone, hoɗɓe e Rectory Halesowen, njuɓɓini ɗum. Deftere nde hawti £31 nden ɗum neldaama haa Daniel e Sussanah Olubi ɓe hoosi kuugal man haa Ibadan. Daniel e Sussanah resndiino nde ɓe ngonnoo e golle e depiteeji Hinderers. 

Hinderer ina jogii feggere tokosere nde o waɗi e nder suudu dewal Lady to Liverpool .  E hitaande 1933, duɗal sukaaɓe rewɓe Kudeti to Ibadan artiri siftorde ngam yettude nguurndam Anna (e David) Hinderer. Ndeen duɗal maa wontu e duɗal ngal wayli innde mum e duɗal St Anne ngam teddinde Hinderer e hitaande 1950. Duɗal ngal ina mawnina ‘ñalngu nguu’ ñalnde 26 sulyee, ñalngu juulde Saint Anne . 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Anna Hinderer''' walla '''Anna Martin''' (1827–1870) ko misioneer Angalteer to [[Ibadan]], leydi Yoruba ndi jeyaa hannde e leydi Nijeer. O mawnintee ko e windo vitrail e nder galle laamorɗo Liverpool.&lt;ref&gt;Anna Hinderer, DACB, Retrieved 18 March 2017&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Martin Lynn, ‘Hinderer, Anna (1827–1870)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 18 March 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngendam ==
[[File:Anna_Hinderer.jpg|left|thumb]]
Hinderer jibinaa ko to Hempnall to Norfolk e hitaande 1827. Yumma makko maayi ko nde o yahrata e duuɓi joy e gila e duuɓi sappo e ɗiɗi ko neene makko e mawniiko toppitii mo haa o yahi o hoɗi to Lowestoft . E nder nokku biyeteeɗo Lowestoft o golliima toon ko o binndoowo to diineyanke biyeteeɗo Francis e Richenda Cunningham. Nde o woni jannginoowo duɗal Aljumaa o hollitii tuubgol makko.  O joginoo yiɗde wonde misioneer, ñalnde 14 oktoobar 1852 o resi David Hinderer. Jom suudu makko keso oo ummorii ko Almaañ kono o gollinaama e fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya Biritaan . 

E hitaande 1852 ɓe puɗɗii sosde mission keso e nder leydi Yoruba e nder ko anndiraa hannde e nder leydi Najeriya. Anna jooɗii seeɗa to Abeokuta . [1] E hitaande 1853 o ari Ibadan hay so tawii ɓe njiɗnoo ko yahde haa ɓura ɗoon ɓe pelliti sosde njuɓɓudi maɓɓe e ndeen wuro. [2] Yimɓe Ibadan ina tolnoo e 55 000 neɗɗo e wiyde Daawuuda. [3] Anna jannginta nder janngirde nde ɓe mahi nden o doggina mission nde Daawuuda woni haa woɗɗi ngam waajaago malla ngam foondugo firo Alkawal Kesal . [2] Jom suudu makko ina waawi haalde ɗemngal Yoruba, omo jokkondiri e mawɓe nokku oo. Ngal nafoore firti ko sukaaɓe mawɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina tawtoree, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e duɗal ngal Anna dognata ngal. [3] Kerecee’en ɗiɗo arannde’en ko Yejide e Akielle ɓe ngoni ɓiɗɗo e ɓiɗɗo mawɗo nokkuure. [1] Laamɗo Hannah Buxton neldi Hinderer keesuuji pijirlooji e hitaande 1855. E hitaande 1866 taaniraaɓe makko ina njuɓɓina pijirlooji ngam neldude ɗum to leydi Najeriya. [4]

E hitaande 1860 wolde fuɗɗii, hareeji ɗii haɗi ɓe yahde to daande maayo fotde duuɓi joy. Parselaaji ummoriiɗi Lady Buxton mbaawaano neldeede sabu maa ɗi njuumtu. Kaalis e nguura timmi, Hinderer ina foti artirde sukaaɓe e toppitagol mum ɗo waawi wonde fof. Ko metti heen gooto e tuubiiɓe maɓɓe maayi caggal nde ɓesngu maɓɓe torri mo sabu ko o Kerecee’en.  Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode cellal makko bonngal, o arti Angalteer e hitaande 1869. 

== Maayde e ndonu ==
[[File:Anna_and_David_Hinderer.jpg|thumb|Misiyoŋaaji ɗiɗi Victoria]]
Hinderer maayi ko to Martham to Norfolk e hitaande 1870 ɗo gorko makko woni e golle kuraajo. Duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, ciimtol makko yalti. ''Duuɓi sappo e jeeɗiɗi e nder leydi Yoruba''  e hay so tawii gorko makko hollitaama ko binnduɗo deftere nde, ko miñiraaɓe rewɓe ɗiɗo, ina wiyee Hone, hoɗɓe e Rectory Halesowen, njuɓɓini ɗum. Deftere nde hawti £31 nden ɗum neldaama haa Daniel e Sussanah Olubi ɓe hoosi kuugal man haa Ibadan. Daniel e Sussanah resndiino nde ɓe ngonnoo e golle e depiteeji Hinderers. 

Hinderer ina jogii feggere tokosere nde o waɗi e nder suudu dewal Lady to Liverpool .  E hitaande 1933, duɗal sukaaɓe rewɓe Kudeti to Ibadan artiri siftorde ngam yettude nguurndam Anna (e David) Hinderer. Ndeen duɗal maa wontu e duɗal ngal wayli innde mum e duɗal St Anne ngam teddinde Hinderer e hitaande 1950. Duɗal ngal ina mawnina ‘ñalngu nguu’ ñalnde 26 sulyee, ñalngu juulde Saint Anne . 

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'''Anna Hinderer''' walla '''Anna Martin''' (1827–1870) ko misioneer Angalteer to [[Ibadan]], leydi Yoruba ndi jeyaa hannde e leydi Nijeer. O mawnintee ko e windo vitrail e nder galle laamorɗo Liverpool.&lt;ref&gt;Anna Hinderer, DACB, Retrieved 18 March 2017&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Martin Lynn, ‘Hinderer, Anna (1827–1870)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 18 March 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngendam ==
[[File:Anna_Hinderer.jpg|left|thumb]]
Hinderer jibinaa ko to Hempnall to Norfolk e hitaande 1827. Yumma makko maayi ko nde o yahrata e duuɓi joy e gila e duuɓi sappo e ɗiɗi ko neene makko e mawniiko toppitii mo haa o yahi o hoɗi to Lowestoft . E nder nokku biyeteeɗo Lowestoft o golliima toon ko o binndoowo to diineyanke biyeteeɗo Francis e Richenda Cunningham. Nde o woni jannginoowo duɗal Aljumaa o hollitii tuubgol makko.  O joginoo yiɗde wonde misioneer, ñalnde 14 oktoobar 1852 o resi David Hinderer. Jom suudu makko keso oo ummorii ko Almaañ kono o gollinaama e fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya Biritaan . 

E hitaande 1852 ɓe puɗɗii sosde mission keso e nder leydi Yoruba e nder ko anndiraa hannde e nder leydi Najeriya. Anna jooɗii seeɗa to Abeokuta . [1] E hitaande 1853 o ari Ibadan hay so tawii ɓe njiɗnoo ko yahde haa ɓura ɗoon ɓe pelliti sosde njuɓɓudi maɓɓe e ndeen wuro. [2] Yimɓe Ibadan ina tolnoo e 55 000 neɗɗo e wiyde Daawuuda. [3] Anna jannginta nder janngirde nde ɓe mahi nden o doggina mission nde Daawuuda woni haa woɗɗi ngam waajaago malla ngam foondugo firo Alkawal Kesal . [2] Jom suudu makko ina waawi haalde ɗemngal Yoruba, omo jokkondiri e mawɓe nokku oo. Ngal nafoore firti ko sukaaɓe mawɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina tawtoree, sahaa e sahaa fof ina naata e duɗal ngal Anna dognata ngal. [3] Kerecee’en ɗiɗo arannde’en ko Yejide e Akielle ɓe ngoni ɓiɗɗo e ɓiɗɗo mawɗo nokkuure. [1] Laamɗo Hannah Buxton neldi Hinderer keesuuji pijirlooji e hitaande 1855. E hitaande 1866 taaniraaɓe makko ina njuɓɓina pijirlooji ngam neldude ɗum to leydi Najeriya. [4]

E hitaande 1860 wolde fuɗɗii, hareeji ɗii haɗi ɓe yahde to daande maayo fotde duuɓi joy. Parselaaji ummoriiɗi Lady Buxton mbaawaano neldeede sabu maa ɗi njuumtu. Kaalis e nguura timmi, Hinderer ina foti artirde sukaaɓe e toppitagol mum ɗo waawi wonde fof. Ko metti heen gooto e tuubiiɓe maɓɓe maayi caggal nde ɓesngu maɓɓe torri mo sabu ko o Kerecee’en.  Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode cellal makko bonngal, o arti Angalteer e hitaande 1869. 

== Maayde e ndonu ==
[[File:Anna_and_David_Hinderer.jpg|thumb|Misiyoŋaaji ɗiɗi Victoria]]
Hinderer maayi ko to Martham to Norfolk e hitaande 1870 ɗo gorko makko woni e golle kuraajo. Duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, ciimtol makko yalti. ''Duuɓi sappo e jeeɗiɗi e nder leydi Yoruba''  e hay so tawii gorko makko hollitaama ko binnduɗo deftere nde, ko miñiraaɓe rewɓe ɗiɗo, ina wiyee Hone, hoɗɓe e Rectory Halesowen, njuɓɓini ɗum. Deftere nde hawti £31 nden ɗum neldaama haa Daniel e Sussanah Olubi ɓe hoosi kuugal man haa Ibadan. Daniel e Sussanah resndiino nde ɓe ngonnoo e golle e depiteeji Hinderers. 

Hinderer ina jogii feggere tokosere nde o waɗi e nder suudu dewal Lady to Liverpool .  E hitaande 1933, duɗal sukaaɓe rewɓe Kudeti to Ibadan artiri siftorde ngam yettude nguurndam Anna (e David) Hinderer. Ndeen duɗal maa wontu e duɗal ngal wayli innde mum e duɗal St Anne ngam teddinde Hinderer e hitaande 1950. Duɗal ngal ina mawnina ‘ñalngu nguu’ ñalnde 26 sulyee, ñalngu juulde Saint Anne . 

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      <text bytes="1127" sha1="aaa7mw35p98mro1aqnq1jbrn72aoenw" xml:space="preserve">'''John Hodge''' ko polis koloñaal laati ardiiɗo polis'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1962, kanko woni polis'en cakkitiiɗi ardungal polis'en lesdi Naajeeriya. Hodge fuɗɗii golle mum ko e nder sarwiis koloñaal Angalteer. To leydi Najeriya, o golliima e nder diiwanuuji tati ɗii fof hade makko woppude golle e hitaande 1964. 

== Ngendam ==
Hodge, ɓiy misiyoŋaaji jibinaa ko Motihari, to leydi Indiya. O fuɗɗii golle ko e konstabulaar koloñaal to Jamayka e hitaande 1931, o ari e leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1935 ngam wonde balloowo hooreejo leydi. E hitaande 1946, o ardii fedde keeriinde ngam ƴeewtaade warngooji jowitiiɗi e renndo Ekpe to Fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Najeriya. Hodge ko mawɗo polis, omo joginoo 95 polis raneeɓe e nder ekipaaji makko. [1] Hodge ummiima seeɗa-seeɗa e nder darɗe. O woniino cukko komisinaajo, diiwaan Fuɗnaange, Kaduna e hitaande 1953, duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum o neldaa to Enugu ngam ƴettude golle komisinaajo polis diiwaan oo. E hitaande 1960, o wonti cukko hooreejo polis, golle ɗe o joginoo haa o toɗɗaa hooreejo polis Najeriya 23 000 e hitaande 1962. [2]

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      <text bytes="1349" sha1="510aiye1e7smvu1ro6zbhzq2b83jr8n" xml:space="preserve">'''John Hodge''' ko polis koloñaal laati ardiiɗo polis'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1962, kanko woni polis'en cakkitiiɗi ardungal polis'en lesdi Naajeeriya. Hodge fuɗɗii golle mum ko e nder sarwiis koloñaal Angalteer. To leydi Najeriya, o golliima e nder diiwanuuji tati ɗii fof hade makko woppude golle e hitaande 1964. 

== Ngendam ==
Hodge, ɓiy misiyoŋaaji jibinaa ko Motihari, to leydi Indiya. O fuɗɗii golle ko e konstabulaar koloñaal to Jamayka e hitaande 1931, o ari e leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1935 ngam wonde balloowo hooreejo leydi. E hitaande 1946, o ardii fedde keeriinde ngam ƴeewtaade warngooji jowitiiɗi e renndo Ekpe to Fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Najeriya. Hodge ko mawɗo polis, omo joginoo 95 polis raneeɓe e nder ekipaaji makko. [1] Hodge ummiima seeɗa-seeɗa e nder darɗe. O woniino cukko komisinaajo, diiwaan Fuɗnaange, Kaduna e hitaande 1953, duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum o neldaa to Enugu ngam ƴettude golle komisinaajo polis diiwaan oo. E hitaande 1960, o wonti cukko hooreejo polis, golle ɗe o joginoo haa o toɗɗaa hooreejo polis Najeriya 23 000 e hitaande 1962. [2]&lt;ref&gt;Nwaka, Geoffrey I. (1986). &quot;The 'Leopard' Killings of Southern Annang, Nigeria, 1943-48&quot;. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. Vol. 56, no. 4. pp. 417–440. doi:10.2307/1159998. JSTOR 1159998&lt;/ref&gt;

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'''John Hodge''' ko polis koloñaal laati ardiiɗo polis'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1962, kanko woni polis'en cakkitiiɗi ardungal polis'en lesdi Naajeeriya. Hodge fuɗɗii golle mum ko e nder sarwiis koloñaal Angalteer. To leydi Najeriya, o golliima e nder diiwanuuji tati ɗii fof hade makko woppude golle e hitaande 1964. 

== Ngendam ==
Hodge, ɓiy misiyoŋaaji jibinaa ko Motihari, to leydi Indiya. O fuɗɗii golle ko e konstabulaar koloñaal to Jamayka e hitaande 1931, o ari e leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1935 ngam wonde balloowo hooreejo leydi. E hitaande 1946, o ardii fedde keeriinde ngam ƴeewtaade warngooji jowitiiɗi e renndo Ekpe to Fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Najeriya. Hodge ko mawɗo polis, omo joginoo 95 polis raneeɓe e nder ekipaaji makko. [1] Hodge ummiima seeɗa-seeɗa e nder darɗe. O woniino cukko komisinaajo, diiwaan Fuɗnaange, Kaduna e hitaande 1953, duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum o neldaa to Enugu ngam ƴettude golle komisinaajo polis diiwaan oo. E hitaande 1960, o wonti cukko hooreejo polis, golle ɗe o joginoo haa o toɗɗaa hooreejo polis Najeriya 23 000 e hitaande 1962. [2]&lt;ref&gt;Nwaka, Geoffrey I. (1986). &quot;The 'Leopard' Killings of Southern Annang, Nigeria, 1943-48&quot;. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. Vol. 56, no. 4. pp. 417–440. doi:10.2307/1159998. JSTOR 1159998&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Doggol Jaak Jardine</title>
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'''Sir Doggol Jam Jardine''' KCMG OBE (13 oktoobar 1888 – 11 desaambar 1946) ko gardiiɗo koloñaal Angalteer, joginooɗo golle guwerneer Borneo worgo, [[Sarliyon|Siyeraa Leyoon]] e duuɗe Leeward e nder golle makko.

== Nguurndam ==
Douglas janngii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Westminster e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Trinity to Cambridge, o heɓi BA Hons makko. in Classics e hitaande 1919. Ɗoon e ɗoon caggal nde o heɓi bak makko, o naati e golle koloñaal, o woni balloowo binndoowo laamu Siprus tuggi 1910–16.

E hitaande 1916, o wonti Sekereteer njuɓɓudi to Somaliland Angalteer, golle ɗe o joginoo haa hitaande 1921. E nder ndeeɗoo posto, o yahdi e Misiyoŋ Angalteer to Koronnaasiyoŋ laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Zauditu mo Abisiniya e hitaande 1917, o rokkaama OBE e hitaande 1918, Servicer,19. Doole njilluuji Somaliland .

Duuɓi tati caggal ɗuum, o yaltini deftere makko ''wiyeteende « Mullah majjuɗo mo Somaliland »'', deftere makko ko fayti e hooreejo murtuɓe Diiriye Guure, hono Amiir Mohammed Abdullaah Hassan, biyeteeɗo « Mullah majjuɗo » ardinooɗo hare kaɓirɗe ngam haɓaade konu Angalteer, Itaali e Ecoppi to Somali.

E hitaande 1921, Douglas wonti balloowo mawɗo binndoowo, binndoowo [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]], golle ɗe o joginoo haa hitaande 1927.

E hitaande 1927, o neldaa to leydi Tanganyika, o fuɗɗii jokkondiral duuɓi jeetati e leydi ndii. Ko kanko woni cukko hooreejo leydi, Tanganyika tuggi 1927–28 ; Koolaaɗo kuuɓal laamu, Tanganyika, 1928-34 ; e gardiiɗo Guwerneer Tanganyika e hitaande 1929 e 1931 e 1933 e 1934.

E hitaande 1929, 1930 e 1931, Douglas wonnoo kadi ko wakiliijo jaɓaaɗo e laamu HM to Komiseer Manndaaji duumiiɗi to Geneve . O toɗɗaa CMG e hitaande 1932. E hitaande 1934, o toɗɗaa Guwerneer e Komandaajo mawɗo, Borneo worgo, posto mo o joginoo haa hitaande 1937. 

E darorɗe hitaande ndee o toɗɗaa guwerneer Siyeraa Leyoon (1937–41). Ko o guwerneer leydi Siyeraa Leyoon o toppitii moƴƴinde jokkondiral makko e yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii. Misiyoŋaaji Angalteer sappo e jeenay (19) ɗaɓɓiraama yo njaltu Afrik worgo e njuɓɓudi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii , hono JBM Hertzog, tawi ina tuuma wonde misiyoŋaaji ɗii ko « subversifs » sabu hirjinde Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii ngam tawtoreede golle politik. Misiyoŋaaji sappo e jeenay ɗii fof ina njoginoo ko laamu Afrik worgo bayyini « ko yiɗde Afrik » e « yurmeende jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii ». Jardine e hoore mum winndi, naamndii ɓeeɗoo misiyoŋaaji fof yo ngollo to Siyeraa Leyoon. Sappo e jeeɗiɗi e nder sappo e jeenay mbaɗii noon, ƴetti golle e nder feccere leydi ndii , sara Bonthe e nokku sara Pujehun . Ɓeen misiyoŋaaji njiɗaano waɗde diineeji, kono ɓe ngollii ngam renndinde mepakrin e kiniin ngam haɓaade ñawu nguu kam e penisilin e streptomisin ngam safrude ñawuuji bakteriiji. [1] [2]

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'''Sir Doggol Jam Jardine''' KCMG OBE (13 oktoobar 1888 – 11 desaambar 1946) ko gardiiɗo koloñaal Angalteer, joginooɗo golle guwerneer Borneo worgo, [[Sarliyon|Siyeraa Leyoon]] e duuɗe Leeward e nder golle makko.&lt;ref&gt;Okwuosa, V.E Akubueze. Essay. In the Name of Christianity: The Missionaries in Africa. Dorrance and Company, 1977&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam ==
Douglas janngii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Westminster e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Trinity to Cambridge, o heɓi BA Hons makko. in Classics e hitaande 1919. Ɗoon e ɗoon caggal nde o heɓi bak makko, o naati e golle koloñaal, o woni balloowo binndoowo laamu Siprus tuggi 1910–16.

E hitaande 1916, o wonti Sekereteer njuɓɓudi to Somaliland Angalteer, golle ɗe o joginoo haa hitaande 1921. E nder ndeeɗoo posto, o yahdi e Misiyoŋ Angalteer to Koronnaasiyoŋ laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Zauditu mo Abisiniya e hitaande 1917, o rokkaama OBE e hitaande 1918, Servicer,19. Doole njilluuji Somaliland .

Duuɓi tati caggal ɗuum, o yaltini deftere makko ''wiyeteende « Mullah majjuɗo mo Somaliland »'', deftere makko ko fayti e hooreejo murtuɓe Diiriye Guure, hono Amiir Mohammed Abdullaah Hassan, biyeteeɗo « Mullah majjuɗo » ardinooɗo hare kaɓirɗe ngam haɓaade konu Angalteer, Itaali e Ecoppi to Somali.

E hitaande 1921, Douglas wonti balloowo mawɗo binndoowo, binndoowo [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]], golle ɗe o joginoo haa hitaande 1927.

E hitaande 1927, o neldaa to leydi Tanganyika, o fuɗɗii jokkondiral duuɓi jeetati e leydi ndii. Ko kanko woni cukko hooreejo leydi, Tanganyika tuggi 1927–28 ; Koolaaɗo kuuɓal laamu, Tanganyika, 1928-34 ; e gardiiɗo Guwerneer Tanganyika e hitaande 1929 e 1931 e 1933 e 1934.

E hitaande 1929, 1930 e 1931, Douglas wonnoo kadi ko wakiliijo jaɓaaɗo e laamu HM to Komiseer Manndaaji duumiiɗi to Geneve . O toɗɗaa CMG e hitaande 1932. E hitaande 1934, o toɗɗaa Guwerneer e Komandaajo mawɗo, Borneo worgo, posto mo o joginoo haa hitaande 1937. 

E darorɗe hitaande ndee o toɗɗaa guwerneer Siyeraa Leyoon (1937–41). Ko o guwerneer leydi Siyeraa Leyoon o toppitii moƴƴinde jokkondiral makko e yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii. Misiyoŋaaji Angalteer sappo e jeenay (19) ɗaɓɓiraama yo njaltu Afrik worgo e njuɓɓudi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii , hono JBM Hertzog, tawi ina tuuma wonde misiyoŋaaji ɗii ko « subversifs » sabu hirjinde Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii ngam tawtoreede golle politik. Misiyoŋaaji sappo e jeenay ɗii fof ina njoginoo ko laamu Afrik worgo bayyini « ko yiɗde Afrik » e « yurmeende jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii ». Jardine e hoore mum winndi, naamndii ɓeeɗoo misiyoŋaaji fof yo ngollo to Siyeraa Leyoon. Sappo e jeeɗiɗi e nder sappo e jeenay mbaɗii noon, ƴetti golle e nder feccere leydi ndii , sara Bonthe e nokku sara Pujehun . Ɓeen misiyoŋaaji njiɗaano waɗde diineeji, kono ɓe ngollii ngam renndinde mepakrin e kiniin ngam haɓaade ñawu nguu kam e penisilin e streptomisin ngam safrude ñawuuji bakteriiji. [1] [2]

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'''Sir Doggol Jam Jardine''' KCMG OBE (13 oktoobar 1888 – 11 desaambar 1946) ko gardiiɗo koloñaal Angalteer, joginooɗo golle guwerneer Borneo worgo, [[Sarliyon|Siyeraa Leyoon]] e duuɗe Leeward e nder golle makko.&lt;ref&gt;Okwuosa, V.E Akubueze. Essay. In the Name of Christianity: The Missionaries in Africa. Dorrance and Company, 1977&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam ==
Douglas janngii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Westminster e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Trinity to Cambridge, o heɓi BA Hons makko. in Classics e hitaande 1919. Ɗoon e ɗoon caggal nde o heɓi bak makko, o naati e golle koloñaal, o woni balloowo binndoowo laamu Siprus tuggi 1910–16.

E hitaande 1916, o wonti Sekereteer njuɓɓudi to Somaliland Angalteer, golle ɗe o joginoo haa hitaande 1921. E nder ndeeɗoo posto, o yahdi e Misiyoŋ Angalteer to Koronnaasiyoŋ laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Zauditu mo Abisiniya e hitaande 1917, o rokkaama OBE e hitaande 1918, Servicer,19. Doole njilluuji Somaliland .

Duuɓi tati caggal ɗuum, o yaltini deftere makko ''wiyeteende « Mullah majjuɗo mo Somaliland »'', deftere makko ko fayti e hooreejo murtuɓe Diiriye Guure, hono Amiir Mohammed Abdullaah Hassan, biyeteeɗo « Mullah majjuɗo » ardinooɗo hare kaɓirɗe ngam haɓaade konu Angalteer, Itaali e Ecoppi to Somali.

E hitaande 1921, Douglas wonti balloowo mawɗo binndoowo, binndoowo [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]], golle ɗe o joginoo haa hitaande 1927.

E hitaande 1927, o neldaa to leydi Tanganyika, o fuɗɗii jokkondiral duuɓi jeetati e leydi ndii. Ko kanko woni cukko hooreejo leydi, Tanganyika tuggi 1927–28 ; Koolaaɗo kuuɓal laamu, Tanganyika, 1928-34 ; e gardiiɗo Guwerneer Tanganyika e hitaande 1929 e 1931 e 1933 e 1934.

E hitaande 1929, 1930 e 1931, Douglas wonnoo kadi ko wakiliijo jaɓaaɗo e laamu HM to Komiseer Manndaaji duumiiɗi to Geneve . O toɗɗaa CMG e hitaande 1932. E hitaande 1934, o toɗɗaa Guwerneer e Komandaajo mawɗo, Borneo worgo, posto mo o joginoo haa hitaande 1937. 

E darorɗe hitaande ndee o toɗɗaa guwerneer Siyeraa Leyoon (1937–41). Ko o guwerneer leydi Siyeraa Leyoon o toppitii moƴƴinde jokkondiral makko e yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii. Misiyoŋaaji Angalteer sappo e jeenay (19) ɗaɓɓiraama yo njaltu Afrik worgo e njuɓɓudi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii , hono JBM Hertzog, tawi ina tuuma wonde misiyoŋaaji ɗii ko « subversifs » sabu hirjinde Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii ngam tawtoreede golle politik. Misiyoŋaaji sappo e jeenay ɗii fof ina njoginoo ko laamu Afrik worgo bayyini « ko yiɗde Afrik » e « yurmeende jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii ». Jardine e hoore mum winndi, naamndii ɓeeɗoo misiyoŋaaji fof yo ngollo to Siyeraa Leyoon. Sappo e jeeɗiɗi e nder sappo e jeenay mbaɗii noon, ƴetti golle e nder feccere leydi ndii , sara Bonthe e nokku sara Pujehun . Ɓeen misiyoŋaaji njiɗaano waɗde diineeji, kono ɓe ngollii ngam renndinde mepakrin e kiniin ngam haɓaade ñawu nguu kam e penisilin e streptomisin ngam safrude ñawuuji bakteriiji. [1] [2]

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'''Francis Derek Jakeway''' KCMG OBE (6 suwee 1915 – 6 noowammbar 1993) ko gardiiɗo koloñaal Angalteer, ko o baawɗo ƴellitde leydi politik caggal koloñaal Fiji, o huutoriima ganndal makko e karallaagal makko dipolomasi ngam luulndaade laabi aadaaji, o daraniiɗo ɓurde demokaraasi e nder laamu. 

== Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol ==
Francis Derek Jakeway, jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 suwee 1915, janngi ko to duɗal Hele to Exeter hade mum yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Exeter to Oxford . 

== Kugal ==

=== Nijeer koloñaal ===
Golle Jakeway e nder sarwiis njuɓɓudi laamu koloñaal fuɗɗii ko to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1937, ɗo o golli duuɓi 17, o woni e golle to [[Seysel|Seychelles]] e biro koloñaal (CO). E hitaande 1954, o toɗɗaa mawɗo binndoowo Gine Biritanik e hitaande 1959.  

=== Koloni korona leydi Sarawak ===
Ko adii nde Sarawak hawrata e Malesi, o woniino mawɗo jaagorɗe Sarawak fuɗɗoraade e lewru abriil 1959.  Ko kanko woni hooreejo jaagorɗe koloñaal korona Sarawak, o ardii duuɓi cakkitiiɗi laamu koloñaal Angalteer e hawrude e Fedde Malesi. Ko o gardiiɗo koloñaal keewɗo humpito, ko o neɗɗo mawɗo e nder sarwiis laamu Sarawak. E gardagol guwerneer gardiiɗo leydi ndii e lewru suwee 1959, Jakeway waɗi nanondiral e Sultan Brunei, joofniri e dow laabi fedde njuɓɓudi duuɓi sappo hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee. 

=== Guwerneer leydi Fiji ===
Semmbe makko ina jokki e ɓeydaade nde o wonti Guwerneer e Komandaajo Fiyi e hitaande 1964. Ko ɗoon o ardii laawol Fiyi feewde e jeytaare, o huutorii peeje laamu nokkuuji e golle laamu, o sosi njuɓɓudi laamu keewndi leƴƴi.    Ñalnde 23 abriil 1964, guwerneer Jakeway udditi e dow laabi Duɗal Karallaagal Derrick to Suva, ngam teddinde Ronald Albert Derrick, gardiiɗo jaŋde karallaagal gadano Fiyi, daartoowo, binndoowo. 

Gomnaajo Jakeway e AD Patel ɗon ƴama dow kuuɗe mawɗe dow ko laarani lesdi ndin wakkati njillu Eirene White haa lesdi Fiji. Eirene White hawti miijooji feere-feere dow kuuje bana wakiltaaki juulɓe feere-feere, ardungal siyaasaaku Fiji, e miijo wartirgo Fiji haa Fiji, darnde nde woɓɓe ngenndiyaŋkooɓe mballi. Patel, ƴaañiiɗo e ndimaagu Fiyi, ñiŋii laamu koloñaal, ina ɗaɓɓi ngootaagu politik, haa teeŋti noon e ko fayti e doggol renndo. Tenngaade Jakeway, ɓeydi heen haala makko to Ostarali, ɓeydi tiiɗtinde yeewtere ndee. {{Sfn|Lal|2008}}

Kaaldigal ngal yani ko e haala doggol (common roll), Patel yalti caggal nde jaaynde ''Fiji Times'' holliti miijooji mum. Ɗum ɓeydii feccere hakkunde politikaaji Fiyi e Orop, ɓeydi bonnude jokkondiral Patel e Jakeway, ustii kadi mbaawka heɓde njeñtudi moƴƴiri to Londres. {{Sfn|Lal|2008}} E nder ɗuum, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960, kulhuli jeyi leydi e nder leydi Fiyi ɓeydiima. So tawii Fijinaaɓe ina kuli waasde leydi e juuɗe Indo-Fijinaaɓe, politikaaji Indo-Fijinaaɓe ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e sarɗiiji njulaagu leydi. Jakeway ina wallitnoo sariyaaji baawɗi semmbinde hakkeeji renndo, kono nde tawnoo ina yiyee ko no feere yahrude yeeso nii, ɗum addani Fijinaaɓe mettere. CO ina ɗaminii maa ɗum addan laawol gollondiral politik garoowo. {{Sfn|Lal|2008}}

Ngam heɓugo nanondiral dow wayluki woote, guwerneer Jakeway gollidi bee ardiiɓe lesdi Fiji bana Kamisese Mara e John Falvey wakkati yewtere doosɗe leydi Fiji. [1] O ƴeewi feere sosde doggol renndo keeriiɗo, kono Fijinaaɓe, ɓurɓe yiɗde wakilaagu renndo, nanndaani e ballal no feewi. Tenngaade hakkunde yimɓe Indo-Fiji e yimɓe Fiji ummorii ko e pellital CO ngam waɗde feere no joɗnde wooteeji ɗii mbaɗirtee hay so tawii noon ina waɗi darnde ngam heɓde yamiroore Fiyi. [1] Ngam ɓamtude jokkondiral hakkunde leƴƴi keewɗi ɗii, Jakeway heddii ko e wallitde lannda Alliance caggal kaaldigal. Ndee fedde politik keewnde leƴƴi yahri yeeso haa sosi laamu caggal wooteeji Fiyi e hitaande 1966 . [1]

Jakeway ina yiɗi kadi ƴeewtaade haala eggol ummoraade Fiyi, haa teeŋti noon e yah-ngartaa Indo-Fijinaaɓe waawɓe golle feewde Amerik e Kanadaa, e ƴettude peeje baawɗe huutoreede ko wayi no njuɓɓudi bonndi. {{Sfn|Lal|2008}} Yimɓe hono Patel ndartinii waylude batu doosgal leydi 1965 luulndiingu nguu, sibu ina cikki wonde Indo-Fijiyankooɓe ina mbaawi dañde caɗeele e mbaydi politik kesiri ndii. Ko wonaa ballal makko e jeytaare seeɗa-seeɗa, darnde Jakeway e waylo-waylo weeyo politik ina jokki e ƴellitde jeewte, haa teeŋti noon e jokkondire hakkunde leƴƴi e duumagol doosɗe leydi ndii e nder yontaaji juutɗi. {{Sfn|Lal|2008}} Guwerneer Jakeway, umminooɗo Fiyi e lewru Duujal 1968, wasiyiima yo lomtin njuɓɓudi wooteeji renndo ngoo e wooteeji hakkunde leyɗeele ngam ƴellitde demokaraasi e safrude jiiɓru politik. {{Sfn|Lal|2008}} Kanko e hooreejo jaagorɗe Peter Lloyd, ɓe ndaranii ko wooteeji ɗi ngonaa njiyaagu, ɗi winndere ndee jaɓata. Eɓɓaande makko ndee ina yiɗi woɗɗitaade renndoyankaagal, jokkondirde e kuule demokaraasi ɓurɗe yaajde, tawa ina hollita miijooji luulndiiɗi ɗi porfeseer de Smith. Feere makko yiɗnoo ko sosde doosgal woote ɓurngal yuumtude ngam heɓde laawɗingol winndere ndee. {{Sfn|Lal|2008}}

E hitaande 1967, o woni guwerneer jooɗiiɗo gadano njillu to duunde Pitcairn , to woɗɗi . Caggal golle makko to Pasifik worgo, Jakeway arti Angalteer, o ardii Devon 's Health Authority fotde duuɓi sappo. 

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'''Francis Derek Jakeway''' KCMG OBE (6 suwee 1915 – 6 noowammbar 1993) ko gardiiɗo koloñaal Angalteer, ko o baawɗo ƴellitde leydi politik caggal koloñaal Fiji, o huutoriima ganndal makko e karallaagal makko dipolomasi ngam luulndaade laabi aadaaji, o daraniiɗo ɓurde demokaraasi e nder laamu. 

== Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol ==
Francis Derek Jakeway, jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 suwee 1915, janngi ko to duɗal Hele to Exeter hade mum yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Exeter to Oxford . 

== Kugal ==

=== Nijeer koloñaal ===
Golle Jakeway e nder sarwiis njuɓɓudi laamu koloñaal fuɗɗii ko to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1937, ɗo o golli duuɓi 17, o woni e golle to [[Seysel|Seychelles]] e biro koloñaal (CO). E hitaande 1954, o toɗɗaa mawɗo binndoowo Gine Biritanik e hitaande 1959.  

=== Koloni korona leydi Sarawak ===
Ko adii nde Sarawak hawrata e Malesi, o woniino mawɗo jaagorɗe Sarawak fuɗɗoraade e lewru abriil 1959.  Ko kanko woni hooreejo jaagorɗe koloñaal korona Sarawak, o ardii duuɓi cakkitiiɗi laamu koloñaal Angalteer e hawrude e Fedde Malesi. Ko o gardiiɗo koloñaal keewɗo humpito, ko o neɗɗo mawɗo e nder sarwiis laamu Sarawak. E gardagol guwerneer gardiiɗo leydi ndii e lewru suwee 1959, Jakeway waɗi nanondiral e Sultan Brunei, joofniri e dow laabi fedde njuɓɓudi duuɓi sappo hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee. 

=== Guwerneer leydi Fiji ===
Semmbe makko ina jokki e ɓeydaade nde o wonti Guwerneer e Komandaajo Fiyi e hitaande 1964. Ko ɗoon o ardii laawol Fiyi feewde e jeytaare, o huutorii peeje laamu nokkuuji e golle laamu, o sosi njuɓɓudi laamu keewndi leƴƴi.    Ñalnde 23 abriil 1964, guwerneer Jakeway udditi e dow laabi Duɗal Karallaagal Derrick to Suva, ngam teddinde Ronald Albert Derrick, gardiiɗo jaŋde karallaagal gadano Fiyi, daartoowo, binndoowo. 

Gomnaajo Jakeway e AD Patel ɗon ƴama dow kuuɗe mawɗe dow ko laarani lesdi ndin wakkati njillu Eirene White haa lesdi Fiji. Eirene White hawti miijooji feere-feere dow kuuje bana wakiltaaki juulɓe feere-feere, ardungal siyaasaaku Fiji, e miijo wartirgo Fiji haa Fiji, darnde nde woɓɓe ngenndiyaŋkooɓe mballi. Patel, ƴaañiiɗo e ndimaagu Fiyi, ñiŋii laamu koloñaal, ina ɗaɓɓi ngootaagu politik, haa teeŋti noon e ko fayti e doggol renndo. Tenngaade Jakeway, ɓeydi heen haala makko to Ostarali, ɓeydi tiiɗtinde yeewtere ndee. {{Sfn|Lal|2008}}

Kaaldigal ngal yani ko e haala doggol (common roll), Patel yalti caggal nde jaaynde ''Fiji Times'' holliti miijooji mum. Ɗum ɓeydii feccere hakkunde politikaaji Fiyi e Orop, ɓeydi bonnude jokkondiral Patel e Jakeway, ustii kadi mbaawka heɓde njeñtudi moƴƴiri to Londres. {{Sfn|Lal|2008}} E nder ɗuum, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960, kulhuli jeyi leydi e nder leydi Fiyi ɓeydiima. So tawii Fijinaaɓe ina kuli waasde leydi e juuɗe Indo-Fijinaaɓe, politikaaji Indo-Fijinaaɓe ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e sarɗiiji njulaagu leydi. Jakeway ina wallitnoo sariyaaji baawɗi semmbinde hakkeeji renndo, kono nde tawnoo ina yiyee ko no feere yahrude yeeso nii, ɗum addani Fijinaaɓe mettere. CO ina ɗaminii maa ɗum addan laawol gollondiral politik garoowo. {{Sfn|Lal|2008}}

Ngam heɓugo nanondiral dow wayluki woote, guwerneer Jakeway gollidi bee ardiiɓe lesdi Fiji bana Kamisese Mara e John Falvey wakkati yewtere doosɗe leydi Fiji. [1] O ƴeewi feere sosde doggol renndo keeriiɗo, kono Fijinaaɓe, ɓurɓe yiɗde wakilaagu renndo, nanndaani e ballal no feewi. Tenngaade hakkunde yimɓe Indo-Fiji e yimɓe Fiji ummorii ko e pellital CO ngam waɗde feere no joɗnde wooteeji ɗii mbaɗirtee hay so tawii noon ina waɗi darnde ngam heɓde yamiroore Fiyi. [1] Ngam ɓamtude jokkondiral hakkunde leƴƴi keewɗi ɗii, Jakeway heddii ko e wallitde lannda Alliance caggal kaaldigal. Ndee fedde politik keewnde leƴƴi yahri yeeso haa sosi laamu caggal wooteeji Fiyi e hitaande 1966 . [1]

Jakeway ina yiɗi kadi ƴeewtaade haala eggol ummoraade Fiyi, haa teeŋti noon e yah-ngartaa Indo-Fijinaaɓe waawɓe golle feewde Amerik e Kanadaa, e ƴettude peeje baawɗe huutoreede ko wayi no njuɓɓudi bonndi. {{Sfn|Lal|2008}} Yimɓe hono Patel ndartinii waylude batu doosgal leydi 1965 luulndiingu nguu, sibu ina cikki wonde Indo-Fijiyankooɓe ina mbaawi dañde caɗeele e mbaydi politik kesiri ndii. Ko wonaa ballal makko e jeytaare seeɗa-seeɗa, darnde Jakeway e waylo-waylo weeyo politik ina jokki e ƴellitde jeewte, haa teeŋti noon e jokkondire hakkunde leƴƴi e duumagol doosɗe leydi ndii e nder yontaaji juutɗi. {{Sfn|Lal|2008}} Guwerneer Jakeway, umminooɗo Fiyi e lewru Duujal 1968, wasiyiima yo lomtin njuɓɓudi wooteeji renndo ngoo e wooteeji hakkunde leyɗeele ngam ƴellitde demokaraasi e safrude jiiɓru politik. {{Sfn|Lal|2008}} Kanko e hooreejo jaagorɗe Peter Lloyd, ɓe ndaranii ko wooteeji ɗi ngonaa njiyaagu, ɗi winndere ndee jaɓata. Eɓɓaande makko ndee ina yiɗi woɗɗitaade renndoyankaagal, jokkondirde e kuule demokaraasi ɓurɗe yaajde, tawa ina hollita miijooji luulndiiɗi ɗi porfeseer de Smith. Feere makko yiɗnoo ko sosde doosgal woote ɓurngal yuumtude ngam heɓde laawɗingol winndere ndee. {{Sfn|Lal|2008}}

E hitaande 1967, o woni guwerneer jooɗiiɗo gadano njillu to duunde Pitcairn , to woɗɗi . Caggal golle makko to Pasifik worgo, Jakeway arti Angalteer, o ardii Devon 's Health Authority fotde duuɓi sappo. 

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'''John Payne Jackson''' (25 mars 1848 – 1 ut 1915) ko jaayndiyanke Ameriknaajo-Liberiyaajo, jibinaa ko [[Labiriyaa|Liberiyaa]], joginooɗo semmbe to Lagos, Nijeer hedde fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire. O winndi e o yaltini jaaynde wiyeteende ''Lagos Weekly Record'' gila 1891 haa o maayi. Ko ɗum winndannde winndaande no feewi, humpitoore, yeewtunde e yuurnitaade geɗe jooni. Nde ƴetti darnde luulndiinde koloñaal, ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afriknaajo, nde waɗi ɗum ko nde yiɗaa e laamuuji ɗii, kadi e yoga e yimɓe mawɓe leydi Nijeer.

== Duuɓi gadani ==
John Jakson jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 marse 1848 to Kap Palmas [[Labiriyaa|to Liberiyaa]] . Baaba makko biyeteeɗo Thomas John Jackson, egginoo ko Maryland, to Amerik, naati ndeen koloñaal to Liberiyaa. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}} Ina gasa tawa yumma makko kadi ummorii ko Maryland. Baaba makko ko depitee wuro, ñaawoowo e waajotooɗo Methodist mo o maayi nde John Jackson ina yahra e duuɓi nay. Jackson janngi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to Kap Palmas, ngal Biskop John Payne ardii. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}}

Ko adii fof Jackson ina yiɗi wonde njulaagu. Caggal nde o yahri e nder Afrik hirnaange fof, e darorɗe kitaale 1860 o heɓi golle e njulaagu mawngu [[Lagos|to Lagos]] biyeteeɗo JS Leigh, o neldaa to [[Maayo Buraas|maayo Brass]] e kitaale 1870 ngam ƴellitde toon station Leigh. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}} Jackson branched e njulaagu geɗe palme e konte mum, kono o dogi o yalti e njulaagu ko e haɓdiiɓe Oropnaaɓe, ko huunde nde ina waawi battinde e yiɗde makko e Oropnaaɓe.

E hitaande 1882 o heɓi golle jogaade defte e nder jaaynde ''Lagos Times'' . {{Sfn|Obichere|2005}} Richard Beale Blaize sosiino ''jaaynde Lagos Times e jaaynde koloñaal Gold Coast'' e hitaande 1880. {{Sfn|Hogan|2013}} Ɓooytaani Jackson woppitaa e jaaynde ''Lagos Times'' sabu mum yarde. Ina wayi no o wuuri ko caggal ɗuum e golle makko e nder nokkuuji sosiyeteeji Angalteer ko wayi no Dorling and Co e Edward Chancillor. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}}

Jaaynde ''Lagos Times'' sosaa ko e hitaande 1882 kono nde fuɗɗiima waɗeede e hitaande 1890, nde inniri ''jaaynde Weekly Times'' . {{Sfn|Hogan|2013}} Jackson waawnoo Blaize yo o woppu kaayitaaji ɗii. {{Sfn|July|2004}} Ladapo Samuel Ademola wonti balloowo Jakson e ndeen hitaande. Caggal ɗuum o wonta [[Alake mo Egba|Alake]] mo [[Abeokuta]] . {{Sfn|Hogan|2013}} Jaaynde ''Lagos Weekly Times'' adannde yalti ko ñalnde 3 mee 1880. Binndol ngol ina moƴƴi no feewi, kono Jackson ina jokki e yarde, kaalis oo ina ɓuuɓi. Hay so tawii o rokkaama laawol keewngol, haa jooni Blaize udditi jaaynde ''Weekly Times'' ñalnde 29 noowammbar 1880, o fuɗɗii yaltinde jaaynde ''Lagos Times'' gila 6 desaambar 1890. Jackson etinooma jokkude e jaaynde ''Weekly Times'', kono caggal kulhuli puɗɗagol golle sariya jaɓi waylude innde jaaynde ''Lago Recordly'' e hitaande181. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}}

== ''Lagos Yontere Record'' ==
Jackson dañii ballal e ɓataake mum, ina gasa tawa ko e cafroowo nokku oo, biyeteeɗo [[John Randle (physician)|John K. Randle]] . {{Sfn|July|2004}} E sahaa nde ''Weekly Record'' fuɗɗii ndee, Lagos ina joginoo haa jooni 35 000 neɗɗo tan, kono ko kosmopolitan, ina yaawi mawnude sabu njulaagu nebam palme e geɗe goɗɗe. Wonno ɗoon ko yimɓe Oropnaaɓe tokosɓe ɓe ngalaa ko ɓuri 150 almuudo, njulaagu e misiyoŋaaji. Hay so tawii leñol Afrik ɓurngol mawnude ngol ko [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba en]], ina woodi kadi jiyaaɓe ɓooyɓe ummoriiɓe Beresiil e Siyeraa Leyoon, Hawsa en, Fante en, Nupe en e leƴƴi keewɗi goɗɗi. {{Sfn|July|2004}} Jackson ina teskii no feewi geɗe jooni ɗee, ina rokka janngooɓe mum miijooji laaɓtuɗi. {{Sfn|July|2004}} E oon sahaa naafigaagal misiyoŋaaji kerecee en e njiyaagu njiyaagu e mawnikinaare koloñaal en Oropnaaɓe ina njuɓɓina dille ngenndiyaŋkaagal pinal e politik Afrik, ɗe Jackson wonti kaaldigal mawngal. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}} Hay so tawii o wondi e caɗeele e njuɓɓudi njaram e kaalis, Jackson ko artikulaajo e ganndo. {{Sfn|Hogan|2013}} Binndol makko ina hawra e haalaaji teskinɗi e jaŋde yaajnde, o huutoriima ciimtol luurondirngol ummoraade e lowre keewnde. {{Sfn|Obichere|2005}}

Jackson walli ardiiɓe nokkuuje nder Dahomey nder haɓaade laamuuji koloñaal Farayse, nden o yurmini ardiiɓe lesdi Naajeeriya jooni nder hareeji maɓɓe ngam heɓugo ndimu maɓɓe. O wonti sehil Nana Olomu mo leydi Itsekiri -, caggal nde Nana hokki hoore mum e juuɗe Biritaan en to Lagos o yaltini yeewtere juutnde e Nana. Caggal ñaawoore Nana e riiwtude mo, Jackson jokki haala kaa, o walli kampaañ ngam yoɓde mo, ɗum waɗi ko e hitaande 1906.

Jackson kadi ko jiɗɗo no feewi hooreejo Mandingo biyeteeɗo Samori Ture e nder haɓaade Farayse, o inniri jaaynde makko e nokku makko to Marina Somory. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}} O walli ngam tabitinde laamu Triumvirate to Yorubaland lomtinaa laamu Egba denndinngu e hitaande 1893, o wonti gooto e wasiyaaji mawɗi Alake Gbadebo I. {{Sfn|Hogan|2013}}

Jackson ina wallitnoo laamuuji koloñaal en e wolde Angalteer e Ijebu e hitaande 1892. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}} Ngolɗoo jikku ina wayi no yahdaani e miijooji makko ngenndiyaŋkooji, kono ina waawi saabaade ɗum ko miijo wonde caggal nde Biritaan en mbaɗti jam ɓe njaltata. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}} Woɗɓe luural teskinngal e jikkuuji ɓataake makko e golle koloñaal ina mbaawi ma a taw faamninde Jackson jaɓde sahaa e sahaa fof e tiiɗnaare tiiɗnde ummoraade e laamu e renndo Orop, mo ɓataake makko fawii e mum ngam woodgol. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}} E balɗe gadane Jackson fawii ko e nanondiral laamu ngal guwerneer Gilbert Thomas Carter rokki jaaynde ndee . {{Sfn|Hogan|2013}} Laamu Carter ina wallita ''Lagos Weekly Record'' e njoɓdi hitaande kala fotde 150 £ e dow daliilu soodde nokku yeeynorde. {{Sfn|Obichere|2005}}

Jakson ƴetti masiŋ tappirde binndi Owen Emerick Macaulay, caggal ɗuum o huutorii masiŋ tappirde binndi J. Bagan Benjamin. E cakkital kitaale 1890 o dañii soodde masiŋ ɓooyɗo ummoraade Angalteer. {{Sfn|Obichere|2005}} E nder kitaale 1890, ''Record'' ina sooda 600 ekkol e nder yontere kala, ko ɗum waɗi ɗum jaaynde ɓurnde lollude e nder Lagos. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}} Haa Carter yalti koloñaal oo, kaayitaaji ɗii mbaawii hawrude e nulal ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik e ballal guwerneer oo. E hitaande 1897 Henry McCallum ari e guwerneer keso oo, kaayitaaji ɗii ɓeydii famɗude sehilaaɓe e njuɓɓudi ndii. Kontraa yeeyirde ndee dartinaama e hitaande 1900. {{Sfn|Hogan|2013}} E lewru Yarkomaa 1904, ''Record'' ummii e laawol Broad, fayti e biro keso duumotooɗo to Samadu Quarters to Marina. {{Sfn|Obichere|2005}}

E nder yontaaji ko adii wolde adunaare adannde (1914-18) Biritaan en ina ɓeydoo jogaade doole mum en e ko wonti Koloni e Protectorate Nigeria, e ƴettude laamu e ko wonnoo laamɓe nokkuuji jeytaare. [1] Ɓe ngoni kadi ko e waylude sariyaaji jeyi leydi, ɗum addani yimɓe Afriknaaɓe kulhuli mawɗi e waylooji baɗeteeɗi e jeyi leydi e golle maɓɓe ɓooyɗe. Jackson hollitii ɗeen caɗeele e haala laaɓtuka, o hollitii wonde Oropnaaɓe ina njiɗi waɗde feere mbele ina mbaɗa koye mum en tawa ɓe paamataa ngonka kaa, ina mbaɗa leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e yimɓe no ɗe ngoniri e laamu nii. [1] Njuɓɓudi leydi ko renndo, kono jeyi ko neɗɗo gooto. Kadi, njuɓɓudi emiraaji worgo ɗii ina seerti no feewi e njuɓɓudi fuɗnaange ndii. [1] Geɗe goɗɗe ina njeyaa heen : kuulal laddeeji e kuulal dipiteeji ngenndiiji. [1] E nder weeyo gonngo e kiris e hitaande 1905 Jackson winndi, .

== Tuugnorgal ==

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'''John Payne Jackson''' (25 mars 1848 – 1 ut 1915) ko jaayndiyanke Ameriknaajo-Liberiyaajo, jibinaa ko [[Labiriyaa|Liberiyaa]], joginooɗo semmbe to Lagos, Nijeer hedde fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire. O winndi e o yaltini jaaynde wiyeteende ''Lagos Weekly Record'' gila 1891 haa o maayi. Ko ɗum winndannde winndaande no feewi, humpitoore, yeewtunde e yuurnitaade geɗe jooni. Nde ƴetti darnde luulndiinde koloñaal, ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afriknaajo, nde waɗi ɗum ko nde yiɗaa e laamuuji ɗii, kadi e yoga e yimɓe mawɓe leydi Nijeer.

== Duuɓi gadani ==
John Jakson jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 marse 1848 to Kap Palmas [[Labiriyaa|to Liberiyaa]] . Baaba makko biyeteeɗo Thomas John Jackson, egginoo ko Maryland, to Amerik, naati ndeen koloñaal to Liberiyaa. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}} Ina gasa tawa yumma makko kadi ummorii ko Maryland. Baaba makko ko depitee wuro, ñaawoowo e waajotooɗo Methodist mo o maayi nde John Jackson ina yahra e duuɓi nay. Jackson janngi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to Kap Palmas, ngal Biskop John Payne ardii. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}}

Ko adii fof Jackson ina yiɗi wonde njulaagu. Caggal nde o yahri e nder Afrik hirnaange fof, e darorɗe kitaale 1860 o heɓi golle e njulaagu mawngu [[Lagos|to Lagos]] biyeteeɗo JS Leigh, o neldaa to [[Maayo Buraas|maayo Brass]] e kitaale 1870 ngam ƴellitde toon station Leigh. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}} Jackson branched e njulaagu geɗe palme e konte mum, kono o dogi o yalti e njulaagu ko e haɓdiiɓe Oropnaaɓe, ko huunde nde ina waawi battinde e yiɗde makko e Oropnaaɓe.

E hitaande 1882 o heɓi golle jogaade defte e nder jaaynde ''Lagos Times'' . {{Sfn|Obichere|2005}} Richard Beale Blaize sosiino ''jaaynde Lagos Times e jaaynde koloñaal Gold Coast'' e hitaande 1880. {{Sfn|Hogan|2013}} Ɓooytaani Jackson woppitaa e jaaynde ''Lagos Times'' sabu mum yarde. Ina wayi no o wuuri ko caggal ɗuum e golle makko e nder nokkuuji sosiyeteeji Angalteer ko wayi no Dorling and Co e Edward Chancillor. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}}

Jaaynde ''Lagos Times'' sosaa ko e hitaande 1882 kono nde fuɗɗiima waɗeede e hitaande 1890, nde inniri ''jaaynde Weekly Times'' . {{Sfn|Hogan|2013}} Jackson waawnoo Blaize yo o woppu kaayitaaji ɗii. {{Sfn|July|2004}} Ladapo Samuel Ademola wonti balloowo Jakson e ndeen hitaande. Caggal ɗuum o wonta [[Alake mo Egba|Alake]] mo [[Abeokuta]] . {{Sfn|Hogan|2013}} Jaaynde ''Lagos Weekly Times'' adannde yalti ko ñalnde 3 mee 1880. Binndol ngol ina moƴƴi no feewi, kono Jackson ina jokki e yarde, kaalis oo ina ɓuuɓi. Hay so tawii o rokkaama laawol keewngol, haa jooni Blaize udditi jaaynde ''Weekly Times'' ñalnde 29 noowammbar 1880, o fuɗɗii yaltinde jaaynde ''Lagos Times'' gila 6 desaambar 1890. Jackson etinooma jokkude e jaaynde ''Weekly Times'', kono caggal kulhuli puɗɗagol golle sariya jaɓi waylude innde jaaynde ''Lago Recordly'' e hitaande181. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}}

== ''Lagos Yontere Record'' ==
Jackson dañii ballal e ɓataake mum, ina gasa tawa ko e cafroowo nokku oo, biyeteeɗo [[John Randle (physician)|John K. Randle]] . {{Sfn|July|2004}} E sahaa nde ''Weekly Record'' fuɗɗii ndee, Lagos ina joginoo haa jooni 35 000 neɗɗo tan, kono ko kosmopolitan, ina yaawi mawnude sabu njulaagu nebam palme e geɗe goɗɗe. Wonno ɗoon ko yimɓe Oropnaaɓe tokosɓe ɓe ngalaa ko ɓuri 150 almuudo, njulaagu e misiyoŋaaji. Hay so tawii leñol Afrik ɓurngol mawnude ngol ko [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba en]], ina woodi kadi jiyaaɓe ɓooyɓe ummoriiɓe Beresiil e Siyeraa Leyoon, Hawsa en, Fante en, Nupe en e leƴƴi keewɗi goɗɗi. {{Sfn|July|2004}} Jackson ina teskii no feewi geɗe jooni ɗee, ina rokka janngooɓe mum miijooji laaɓtuɗi. {{Sfn|July|2004}} E oon sahaa naafigaagal misiyoŋaaji kerecee en e njiyaagu njiyaagu e mawnikinaare koloñaal en Oropnaaɓe ina njuɓɓina dille ngenndiyaŋkaagal pinal e politik Afrik, ɗe Jackson wonti kaaldigal mawngal. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}} Hay so tawii o wondi e caɗeele e njuɓɓudi njaram e kaalis, Jackson ko artikulaajo e ganndo. {{Sfn|Hogan|2013}} Binndol makko ina hawra e haalaaji teskinɗi e jaŋde yaajnde, o huutoriima ciimtol luurondirngol ummoraade e lowre keewnde. {{Sfn|Obichere|2005}}

Jackson walli ardiiɓe nokkuuje nder Dahomey nder haɓaade laamuuji koloñaal Farayse, nden o yurmini ardiiɓe lesdi Naajeeriya jooni nder hareeji maɓɓe ngam heɓugo ndimu maɓɓe. O wonti sehil Nana Olomu mo leydi Itsekiri -, caggal nde Nana hokki hoore mum e juuɗe Biritaan en to Lagos o yaltini yeewtere juutnde e Nana. Caggal ñaawoore Nana e riiwtude mo, Jackson jokki haala kaa, o walli kampaañ ngam yoɓde mo, ɗum waɗi ko e hitaande 1906.

Jackson kadi ko jiɗɗo no feewi hooreejo Mandingo biyeteeɗo Samori Ture e nder haɓaade Farayse, o inniri jaaynde makko e nokku makko to Marina Somory. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}} O walli ngam tabitinde laamu Triumvirate to Yorubaland lomtinaa laamu Egba denndinngu e hitaande 1893, o wonti gooto e wasiyaaji mawɗi Alake Gbadebo I. {{Sfn|Hogan|2013}}

Jackson ina wallitnoo laamuuji koloñaal en e wolde Angalteer e Ijebu e hitaande 1892. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}} Ngolɗoo jikku ina wayi no yahdaani e miijooji makko ngenndiyaŋkooji, kono ina waawi saabaade ɗum ko miijo wonde caggal nde Biritaan en mbaɗti jam ɓe njaltata. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}} Woɗɓe luural teskinngal e jikkuuji ɓataake makko e golle koloñaal ina mbaawi ma a taw faamninde Jackson jaɓde sahaa e sahaa fof e tiiɗnaare tiiɗnde ummoraade e laamu e renndo Orop, mo ɓataake makko fawii e mum ngam woodgol. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}} E balɗe gadane Jackson fawii ko e nanondiral laamu ngal guwerneer Gilbert Thomas Carter rokki jaaynde ndee . {{Sfn|Hogan|2013}} Laamu Carter ina wallita ''Lagos Weekly Record'' e njoɓdi hitaande kala fotde 150 £ e dow daliilu soodde nokku yeeynorde. {{Sfn|Obichere|2005}}

Jakson ƴetti masiŋ tappirde binndi Owen Emerick Macaulay, caggal ɗuum o huutorii masiŋ tappirde binndi J. Bagan Benjamin. E cakkital kitaale 1890 o dañii soodde masiŋ ɓooyɗo ummoraade Angalteer. {{Sfn|Obichere|2005}} E nder kitaale 1890, ''Record'' ina sooda 600 ekkol e nder yontere kala, ko ɗum waɗi ɗum jaaynde ɓurnde lollude e nder Lagos. {{Sfn|Omu|1974}} Haa Carter yalti koloñaal oo, kaayitaaji ɗii mbaawii hawrude e nulal ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik e ballal guwerneer oo. E hitaande 1897 Henry McCallum ari e guwerneer keso oo, kaayitaaji ɗii ɓeydii famɗude sehilaaɓe e njuɓɓudi ndii. Kontraa yeeyirde ndee dartinaama e hitaande 1900. {{Sfn|Hogan|2013}} E lewru Yarkomaa 1904, ''Record'' ummii e laawol Broad, fayti e biro keso duumotooɗo to Samadu Quarters to Marina. {{Sfn|Obichere|2005}}

E nder yontaaji ko adii wolde adunaare adannde (1914-18) Biritaan en ina ɓeydoo jogaade doole mum en e ko wonti Koloni e Protectorate Nigeria, e ƴettude laamu e ko wonnoo laamɓe nokkuuji jeytaare. [1] Ɓe ngoni kadi ko e waylude sariyaaji jeyi leydi, ɗum addani yimɓe Afriknaaɓe kulhuli mawɗi e waylooji baɗeteeɗi e jeyi leydi e golle maɓɓe ɓooyɗe. Jackson hollitii ɗeen caɗeele e haala laaɓtuka, o hollitii wonde Oropnaaɓe ina njiɗi waɗde feere mbele ina mbaɗa koye mum en tawa ɓe paamataa ngonka kaa, ina mbaɗa leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e yimɓe no ɗe ngoniri e laamu nii. [1] Njuɓɓudi leydi ko renndo, kono jeyi ko neɗɗo gooto. Kadi, njuɓɓudi emiraaji worgo ɗii ina seerti no feewi e njuɓɓudi fuɗnaange ndii. [1] Geɗe goɗɗe ina njeyaa heen : kuulal laddeeji e kuulal dipiteeji ngenndiiji. [1] E nder weeyo gonngo e kiris e hitaande 1905 Jackson winndi, .

== Tuugnorgal ==

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'''Michael Athokhamien Omnibus Imoudu''' ko hooreejo fedde gollooɓe to leydi Najeriya. 

== Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol ==
Imoudu jibinaa ko e hitaande 1902, to diiwaan Afemai to diiwaan Edo .  Baaba makko ko soldaat e nder konu Afrik hirnaange, o gollinooma to Afrik fuɗnaange e to [[Gammbi]] . Caggal maayde jibnaaɓe makko e hitaande 1922, Imoudu wuuri, golliima e banndiiko gooto, liggotooɗo e laabi njamndi. Sabu golle banndiiko, o yahiino e gure ceertuɗe e nder Mid-West e nder [[Diiwaan Fuɗnaange, leydi Najeriya|Fuɗnaange]], e nder hoɗorde makko, o janngi [[Igbo|ɗemngal Igbo]] .  O janngi duɗe keewɗe o timmini jaŋde makko leslesre to duɗal laamu Agbor e hitaande 1927.  O yahi Lagos e hitaande 1928 o heɓi golle hitaande caggal ɗuum o woni golloowo ñalnde kala, o golli kadi ko linesman e nder Departemaa Post e Telegraph ko adii nde o naatata e app an turn raiys .  

== Career ko gardiiɗo golle ==
Imoudu fuɗɗii golle senndikaaji ko nde o woni tergal e Senndikaa gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi (RWU), senndikaa oo ina foti wonde gooto e senndikaaji ɓurɗi doolnude e nder leydi ndii  e jamaanu koloñaal . Senngo ngoo sosaa ko e hitaande 1931 e sahaa nde pelle njulaagu keewɗe nanndi no feewi e golle renndo, wonaa dille njulaagu.  E hitaande 1939, Imoudu wonti hooreejo senndikaa oo, e nder hitaande ndee tan, senndikaa oo winnditaama e nder sariya senndikaa oo, baawɗo rokkude senndikaaji ɗii mbaawkaaji sariya ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral e gollotooɓe mum en. RWU woni senndikaa gadano winnditeede e les kuulal ngal. E gardagol Imoudu, senndikaa oo hesɗitinii ɗaɓɓaande mum ngam ɓeydude njoɓdi, de- casuaulisation e moƴƴinde ngonka golle. O naati e yeewtere ko e hitaande 1941 nde o ɗaɓɓi yamiroore laamu e njuɓɓudi laana njoorndi ngam moƴƴinde ngonka gollotooɓe karallaagal.  &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (January 2018)&quot;&gt;self-published source&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Hay so tawii laamu koloñaal jaɓii won e ɗaɓɓaande maɓɓe, njuɓɓudi laana njoorndi ndii ina leeli huutoraade mbayliigaaji ɗii. Caggal nde njuvvudi ndii yaltini ballal mum e liggotoove ve ve mbeltiima heen, kaaldigal keewngal jokki hakkunde lewru sulyee e suwee 1941. Ñalnde 30 suwee 1941, liggotooɓe mekanik en tawi dame mum en ina udditaa e yamiroore gardiiɗo golle ɗee. Ndeen Imoudu ardiima seppo haa jooɗorde laamu to duunde Lagos ina wulla ngam riiwtude gardiiɗo golle ɗee. Seppo ngo heɓi hakkille laamu ngu ƴetti peeje ko yaawi ngam safrude caɗeele gollotooɓe. Hay so tawii seppo ngoo waɗii faayiida, caggal ɗuum Imoudu ina joginoo jokkere enɗam e ardiiɓe Oropnaaɓe,  ina wiyee wonde sabaabu jokkere enɗam ndee ko luural makko e ɓurondiral ngal ardiiɓe Oropnaaɓe mbaɗata. Hakkunde 1941 e 1943, o naamnaama laabi keewɗi, o woppitaa e lewru Yarkomaa 1943. 

E lewru juko hitaande 1941, batu wakili’en won e senndikaaji cuɓaaɗi e nder leydi Najeriya yuɓɓinaama to Lagos. Joɗnde ndee ardii cosgol Dental Gollotooɓe Karallaagal Gollotooɓe e laamu Afrik ngam reende nafoore gollotooɓe e Karallaagal Afrik. Imoudu, lomtotooɗo senndikaa laana njoorndi suɓaama yo cukko hooreejo leydi. Senngo keso ngoo fuɗɗii ƴaañde ngam rokkude njoɓdi nguurndam walla bonus hare.  E hitaande 1942, Imoudu wonnoo ko kaaldigal e golle e nder kaaldigal e laamu ngam rokkude gollotooɓe ballal (COLA) ngam softinde batte inflation sabu wolde adunaare ɗimmere. Laamu nguu waɗii won e ballal COLA e hitaande 1942 e gardagol Bernard Bourdillon, kono won e ɗeen ballal ko Arthur Richards .

E hitaande 1943, caggal nde o woppitaa, Imoudu nanngaa kono nanngugol makko ngol waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti restriction yah-ngartaa e les njiimaandi kuule leydi Najeriya, 1941 ɗe njokkondiri no feewi e kuule difagol wolde adunaare ɗimmere Biritaan. O woppitaa ñalnde 20 mee 1945 caggal nde wolde joofi. Kono ñalnde 2 suwee 1945, seppo mawngo yuɓɓinaama ngam jaɓɓaade mo to [[Lagos]] . E nder hitaande ndee tan, dillere yuɓɓo golle ndee ina jokki e kaaldigal ngam moƴƴinde sarɗiiji COLA. Ina sikkaa yoɓde mo ko ngam softinde batte kiris golle. Kono, ñalnde 21 e 22 suwee 1945, Imoudu ardii fedde radikal senndikaa yuɓɓinaaɗo ngam yuɓɓinde seppo mawngo .

E hitaande 1946, Imoudu ina nanndi e NCNC, o toɗɗaa e nder diiso doosɗe lannda kaa. O wondi e [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] e [[Herbert Macaulay]], o jeyaa ko e diɗɗal NCNC to Londres ngam salaade doosgal leydi Richards 1946 . 

Tuggude e hitaande 1947 haa e hitaande 1958, Imoudu woni hooreejo senndikaaji ceertuɗi. [1] Ko kanko wonnoo hooreejo e gogo Chu Nzeribe, cukko hooreejo makko e Kongres Senndikaaji Nijeer ; eɓɓoore ngam hawrude e senndikaaji gollotooɓe ceertuɗi e nder leydi ndii. Fedde ndee heɓiino nafoore adannde, sibu ina waɗi 45 e nder 57 senndikaa binnditaaɗe e oon sahaa. Kono tan, luural ummii ko hakkunde radikal en e daraniiɓe jojjanɗe aadee, fedde sakkitiinde ndee ɓuri yiɗde ko woppude golle e nder golle politik jowitiiɗe e radikal en e sosiyaalist en, e naatde e Fedde Adunaare Senndikaaji Libre . Imoudu dartinaama hooreejo leydi e hitaande 1960 caggal nde o yilliima Dental Sowiyet e Siin, o ardii feccere nde sosi Kongres Senndikaaji Nijeer, caggal ɗuum o yahi to Fedde Dental Gollooɓe . [2] [3] [4]

E hitaande 1986, Imoudu teddinaama e duɗal gollal, Duɗal ngenndiwal jaŋde golle Michael Imodu (MINILS), sosaangal caggal makko. Duɗal ngal, nde wonnoo ko ngal gootal e nder Afrik hirnaange fof, ina mahi mbaawka gollotooɓe, gollotooɓe e ardiiɓe laamu.

== Republique ɗiɗaɓere ==
Imodu naati lannda [[Malam Aminu Kano|Aminu Kanos]] ngam o laatoo cukko hooreejo lesdi. E hitaande 1981, caɗeele politik nder lannda kaa addani lannda kaa feccude, e sosde PRP mo Imodu ardii, tawi ko [[Abubakar Rimi|Muhammadu Abubakar Rimi]] woni binndoowo mum, [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] woni binndoowo dowla Kano.  

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'''Michael Athokhamien Omnibus Imoudu''' ko hooreejo fedde gollooɓe to leydi Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;Elufiede, Babafemi (3 August 2010). LABOR UNIONS AND POLITICS: THE EXPERIENCE OF NIGERIAN WORKING CLASS. Xlibris. pp. 60–70. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-393-02930-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol ==
Imoudu jibinaa ko e hitaande 1902, to diiwaan Afemai to diiwaan Edo .  Baaba makko ko soldaat e nder konu Afrik hirnaange, o gollinooma to Afrik fuɗnaange e to [[Gammbi]] . Caggal maayde jibnaaɓe makko e hitaande 1922, Imoudu wuuri, golliima e banndiiko gooto, liggotooɗo e laabi njamndi. Sabu golle banndiiko, o yahiino e gure ceertuɗe e nder Mid-West e nder [[Diiwaan Fuɗnaange, leydi Najeriya|Fuɗnaange]], e nder hoɗorde makko, o janngi [[Igbo|ɗemngal Igbo]] .  O janngi duɗe keewɗe o timmini jaŋde makko leslesre to duɗal laamu Agbor e hitaande 1927.  O yahi Lagos e hitaande 1928 o heɓi golle hitaande caggal ɗuum o woni golloowo ñalnde kala, o golli kadi ko linesman e nder Departemaa Post e Telegraph ko adii nde o naatata e app an turn raiys .  

== Career ko gardiiɗo golle ==
Imoudu fuɗɗii golle senndikaaji ko nde o woni tergal e Senndikaa gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi (RWU), senndikaa oo ina foti wonde gooto e senndikaaji ɓurɗi doolnude e nder leydi ndii  e jamaanu koloñaal . Senngo ngoo sosaa ko e hitaande 1931 e sahaa nde pelle njulaagu keewɗe nanndi no feewi e golle renndo, wonaa dille njulaagu.  E hitaande 1939, Imoudu wonti hooreejo senndikaa oo, e nder hitaande ndee tan, senndikaa oo winnditaama e nder sariya senndikaa oo, baawɗo rokkude senndikaaji ɗii mbaawkaaji sariya ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral e gollotooɓe mum en. RWU woni senndikaa gadano winnditeede e les kuulal ngal. E gardagol Imoudu, senndikaa oo hesɗitinii ɗaɓɓaande mum ngam ɓeydude njoɓdi, de- casuaulisation e moƴƴinde ngonka golle. O naati e yeewtere ko e hitaande 1941 nde o ɗaɓɓi yamiroore laamu e njuɓɓudi laana njoorndi ngam moƴƴinde ngonka gollotooɓe karallaagal.  &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (January 2018)&quot;&gt;self-published source&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Hay so tawii laamu koloñaal jaɓii won e ɗaɓɓaande maɓɓe, njuɓɓudi laana njoorndi ndii ina leeli huutoraade mbayliigaaji ɗii. Caggal nde njuvvudi ndii yaltini ballal mum e liggotoove ve ve mbeltiima heen, kaaldigal keewngal jokki hakkunde lewru sulyee e suwee 1941. Ñalnde 30 suwee 1941, liggotooɓe mekanik en tawi dame mum en ina udditaa e yamiroore gardiiɗo golle ɗee. Ndeen Imoudu ardiima seppo haa jooɗorde laamu to duunde Lagos ina wulla ngam riiwtude gardiiɗo golle ɗee. Seppo ngo heɓi hakkille laamu ngu ƴetti peeje ko yaawi ngam safrude caɗeele gollotooɓe. Hay so tawii seppo ngoo waɗii faayiida, caggal ɗuum Imoudu ina joginoo jokkere enɗam e ardiiɓe Oropnaaɓe,  ina wiyee wonde sabaabu jokkere enɗam ndee ko luural makko e ɓurondiral ngal ardiiɓe Oropnaaɓe mbaɗata. Hakkunde 1941 e 1943, o naamnaama laabi keewɗi, o woppitaa e lewru Yarkomaa 1943. 

E lewru juko hitaande 1941, batu wakili’en won e senndikaaji cuɓaaɗi e nder leydi Najeriya yuɓɓinaama to Lagos. Joɗnde ndee ardii cosgol Dental Gollotooɓe Karallaagal Gollotooɓe e laamu Afrik ngam reende nafoore gollotooɓe e Karallaagal Afrik. Imoudu, lomtotooɗo senndikaa laana njoorndi suɓaama yo cukko hooreejo leydi. Senngo keso ngoo fuɗɗii ƴaañde ngam rokkude njoɓdi nguurndam walla bonus hare.  E hitaande 1942, Imoudu wonnoo ko kaaldigal e golle e nder kaaldigal e laamu ngam rokkude gollotooɓe ballal (COLA) ngam softinde batte inflation sabu wolde adunaare ɗimmere. Laamu nguu waɗii won e ballal COLA e hitaande 1942 e gardagol Bernard Bourdillon, kono won e ɗeen ballal ko Arthur Richards .

E hitaande 1943, caggal nde o woppitaa, Imoudu nanngaa kono nanngugol makko ngol waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti restriction yah-ngartaa e les njiimaandi kuule leydi Najeriya, 1941 ɗe njokkondiri no feewi e kuule difagol wolde adunaare ɗimmere Biritaan. O woppitaa ñalnde 20 mee 1945 caggal nde wolde joofi. Kono ñalnde 2 suwee 1945, seppo mawngo yuɓɓinaama ngam jaɓɓaade mo to [[Lagos]] . E nder hitaande ndee tan, dillere yuɓɓo golle ndee ina jokki e kaaldigal ngam moƴƴinde sarɗiiji COLA. Ina sikkaa yoɓde mo ko ngam softinde batte kiris golle. Kono, ñalnde 21 e 22 suwee 1945, Imoudu ardii fedde radikal senndikaa yuɓɓinaaɗo ngam yuɓɓinde seppo mawngo .

E hitaande 1946, Imoudu ina nanndi e NCNC, o toɗɗaa e nder diiso doosɗe lannda kaa. O wondi e [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] e [[Herbert Macaulay]], o jeyaa ko e diɗɗal NCNC to Londres ngam salaade doosgal leydi Richards 1946 . 

Tuggude e hitaande 1947 haa e hitaande 1958, Imoudu woni hooreejo senndikaaji ceertuɗi. [1] Ko kanko wonnoo hooreejo e gogo Chu Nzeribe, cukko hooreejo makko e Kongres Senndikaaji Nijeer ; eɓɓoore ngam hawrude e senndikaaji gollotooɓe ceertuɗi e nder leydi ndii. Fedde ndee heɓiino nafoore adannde, sibu ina waɗi 45 e nder 57 senndikaa binnditaaɗe e oon sahaa. Kono tan, luural ummii ko hakkunde radikal en e daraniiɓe jojjanɗe aadee, fedde sakkitiinde ndee ɓuri yiɗde ko woppude golle e nder golle politik jowitiiɗe e radikal en e sosiyaalist en, e naatde e Fedde Adunaare Senndikaaji Libre . Imoudu dartinaama hooreejo leydi e hitaande 1960 caggal nde o yilliima Dental Sowiyet e Siin, o ardii feccere nde sosi Kongres Senndikaaji Nijeer, caggal ɗuum o yahi to Fedde Dental Gollooɓe . [2] [3] [4]

E hitaande 1986, Imoudu teddinaama e duɗal gollal, Duɗal ngenndiwal jaŋde golle Michael Imodu (MINILS), sosaangal caggal makko. Duɗal ngal, nde wonnoo ko ngal gootal e nder Afrik hirnaange fof, ina mahi mbaawka gollotooɓe, gollotooɓe e ardiiɓe laamu.

== Republique ɗiɗaɓere ==
Imodu naati lannda [[Malam Aminu Kano|Aminu Kanos]] ngam o laatoo cukko hooreejo lesdi. E hitaande 1981, caɗeele politik nder lannda kaa addani lannda kaa feccude, e sosde PRP mo Imodu ardii, tawi ko [[Abubakar Rimi|Muhammadu Abubakar Rimi]] woni binndoowo mum, [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] woni binndoowo dowla Kano.  

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'''Michael Athokhamien Omnibus Imoudu''' ko hooreejo fedde gollooɓe to leydi Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;Elufiede, Babafemi (3 August 2010). LABOR UNIONS AND POLITICS: THE EXPERIENCE OF NIGERIAN WORKING CLASS. Xlibris. pp. 60–70. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-393-02930-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol ==
Imoudu jibinaa ko e hitaande 1902, to diiwaan Afemai to diiwaan Edo .  Baaba makko ko soldaat e nder konu Afrik hirnaange, o gollinooma to Afrik fuɗnaange e to [[Gammbi]] . Caggal maayde jibnaaɓe makko e hitaande 1922, Imoudu wuuri, golliima e banndiiko gooto, liggotooɗo e laabi njamndi. Sabu golle banndiiko, o yahiino e gure ceertuɗe e nder Mid-West e nder [[Diiwaan Fuɗnaange, leydi Najeriya|Fuɗnaange]], e nder hoɗorde makko, o janngi [[Igbo|ɗemngal Igbo]] .  O janngi duɗe keewɗe o timmini jaŋde makko leslesre to duɗal laamu Agbor e hitaande 1927.  O yahi Lagos e hitaande 1928 o heɓi golle hitaande caggal ɗuum o woni golloowo ñalnde kala, o golli kadi ko linesman e nder Departemaa Post e Telegraph ko adii nde o naatata e app an turn raiys .  

== Career ko gardiiɗo golle ==
Imoudu fuɗɗii golle senndikaaji ko nde o woni tergal e Senndikaa gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi (RWU), senndikaa oo ina foti wonde gooto e senndikaaji ɓurɗi doolnude e nder leydi ndii  e jamaanu koloñaal . Senngo ngoo sosaa ko e hitaande 1931 e sahaa nde pelle njulaagu keewɗe nanndi no feewi e golle renndo, wonaa dille njulaagu.  E hitaande 1939, Imoudu wonti hooreejo senndikaa oo, e nder hitaande ndee tan, senndikaa oo winnditaama e nder sariya senndikaa oo, baawɗo rokkude senndikaaji ɗii mbaawkaaji sariya ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral e gollotooɓe mum en. RWU woni senndikaa gadano winnditeede e les kuulal ngal. E gardagol Imoudu, senndikaa oo hesɗitinii ɗaɓɓaande mum ngam ɓeydude njoɓdi, de- casuaulisation e moƴƴinde ngonka golle. O naati e yeewtere ko e hitaande 1941 nde o ɗaɓɓi yamiroore laamu e njuɓɓudi laana njoorndi ngam moƴƴinde ngonka gollotooɓe karallaagal.  &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (January 2018)&quot;&gt;self-published source&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Hay so tawii laamu koloñaal jaɓii won e ɗaɓɓaande maɓɓe, njuɓɓudi laana njoorndi ndii ina leeli huutoraade mbayliigaaji ɗii. Caggal nde njuvvudi ndii yaltini ballal mum e liggotoove ve ve mbeltiima heen, kaaldigal keewngal jokki hakkunde lewru sulyee e suwee 1941. Ñalnde 30 suwee 1941, liggotooɓe mekanik en tawi dame mum en ina udditaa e yamiroore gardiiɗo golle ɗee. Ndeen Imoudu ardiima seppo haa jooɗorde laamu to duunde Lagos ina wulla ngam riiwtude gardiiɗo golle ɗee. Seppo ngo heɓi hakkille laamu ngu ƴetti peeje ko yaawi ngam safrude caɗeele gollotooɓe. Hay so tawii seppo ngoo waɗii faayiida, caggal ɗuum Imoudu ina joginoo jokkere enɗam e ardiiɓe Oropnaaɓe,  ina wiyee wonde sabaabu jokkere enɗam ndee ko luural makko e ɓurondiral ngal ardiiɓe Oropnaaɓe mbaɗata. Hakkunde 1941 e 1943, o naamnaama laabi keewɗi, o woppitaa e lewru Yarkomaa 1943. 

E lewru juko hitaande 1941, batu wakili’en won e senndikaaji cuɓaaɗi e nder leydi Najeriya yuɓɓinaama to Lagos. Joɗnde ndee ardii cosgol Dental Gollotooɓe Karallaagal Gollotooɓe e laamu Afrik ngam reende nafoore gollotooɓe e Karallaagal Afrik. Imoudu, lomtotooɗo senndikaa laana njoorndi suɓaama yo cukko hooreejo leydi. Senngo keso ngoo fuɗɗii ƴaañde ngam rokkude njoɓdi nguurndam walla bonus hare.  E hitaande 1942, Imoudu wonnoo ko kaaldigal e golle e nder kaaldigal e laamu ngam rokkude gollotooɓe ballal (COLA) ngam softinde batte inflation sabu wolde adunaare ɗimmere. Laamu nguu waɗii won e ballal COLA e hitaande 1942 e gardagol Bernard Bourdillon, kono won e ɗeen ballal ko Arthur Richards .

E hitaande 1943, caggal nde o woppitaa, Imoudu nanngaa kono nanngugol makko ngol waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti restriction yah-ngartaa e les njiimaandi kuule leydi Najeriya, 1941 ɗe njokkondiri no feewi e kuule difagol wolde adunaare ɗimmere Biritaan. O woppitaa ñalnde 20 mee 1945 caggal nde wolde joofi. Kono ñalnde 2 suwee 1945, seppo mawngo yuɓɓinaama ngam jaɓɓaade mo to [[Lagos]] . E nder hitaande ndee tan, dillere yuɓɓo golle ndee ina jokki e kaaldigal ngam moƴƴinde sarɗiiji COLA. Ina sikkaa yoɓde mo ko ngam softinde batte kiris golle. Kono, ñalnde 21 e 22 suwee 1945, Imoudu ardii fedde radikal senndikaa yuɓɓinaaɗo ngam yuɓɓinde seppo mawngo .

E hitaande 1946, Imoudu ina nanndi e NCNC, o toɗɗaa e nder diiso doosɗe lannda kaa. O wondi e [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] e [[Herbert Macaulay]], o jeyaa ko e diɗɗal NCNC to Londres ngam salaade doosgal leydi Richards 1946 . 

Tuggude e hitaande 1947 haa e hitaande 1958, Imoudu woni hooreejo senndikaaji ceertuɗi. [1] Ko kanko wonnoo hooreejo e gogo Chu Nzeribe, cukko hooreejo makko e Kongres Senndikaaji Nijeer ; eɓɓoore ngam hawrude e senndikaaji gollotooɓe ceertuɗi e nder leydi ndii. Fedde ndee heɓiino nafoore adannde, sibu ina waɗi 45 e nder 57 senndikaa binnditaaɗe e oon sahaa. Kono tan, luural ummii ko hakkunde radikal en e daraniiɓe jojjanɗe aadee, fedde sakkitiinde ndee ɓuri yiɗde ko woppude golle e nder golle politik jowitiiɗe e radikal en e sosiyaalist en, e naatde e Fedde Adunaare Senndikaaji Libre . Imoudu dartinaama hooreejo leydi e hitaande 1960 caggal nde o yilliima Dental Sowiyet e Siin, o ardii feccere nde sosi Kongres Senndikaaji Nijeer, caggal ɗuum o yahi to Fedde Dental Gollooɓe . [2] [3] [4]

E hitaande 1986, Imoudu teddinaama e duɗal gollal, Duɗal ngenndiwal jaŋde golle Michael Imodu (MINILS), sosaangal caggal makko. Duɗal ngal, nde wonnoo ko ngal gootal e nder Afrik hirnaange fof, ina mahi mbaawka gollotooɓe, gollotooɓe e ardiiɓe laamu.

== Republique ɗiɗaɓere ==
Imodu naati lannda [[Malam Aminu Kano|Aminu Kanos]] ngam o laatoo cukko hooreejo lesdi. E hitaande 1981, caɗeele politik nder lannda kaa addani lannda kaa feccude, e sosde PRP mo Imodu ardii, tawi ko [[Abubakar Rimi|Muhammadu Abubakar Rimi]] woni binndoowo mum, [[Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila]] woni binndoowo dowla Kano.  

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Rev. '''Samuel Johnson''' ( Listen c ; 24 suwee 1846 &amp;#x2013; 29 abriil 1901) ko almuudo Angalteer, dipolomaat, e daartoowo, kadi ko taaniiko Alaafin Abiodun, laamɗo doole laamu Oyo . O ɓuri teskinde ko e deftere makko mawnde ''wiyeteende The History of the Yorubas'', nde o yaltini caggal maayde makko e hitaande 1921, nde Johnson etinooma winndude aadaaji e daartol [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|leñol Yoruba en]], ɗe o huli ina njaawna majjude e nder niɓɓere. Majjii, winnditaa, caggal ɗuum daɗii e halkaare e nder wolde adunaare adannde, daartol makko wonti gila ndeen &quot;deftere ɓurnde heewde limteede e ɓurnde tiiɗde e yimɓe haalooɓe ɗemngal Yoruba&quot;.  Gaa gaa darnde makko e daartol, Johnson ardii nguurndam cemmbinɗam, o waɗii geɗe keewɗe ko wayi no jaagorde, jannginoowo, e gardiiɗo duɗal to [[Ibadan]], laamorgo diiwaan Oyo to [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] . E nder wolde Yoruba, o woniino nulaaɗo e kaaldigal hakkunde Biritaan en, mawɓe Ibadan, e laamɗo Oyo. 

== Nguurndam ==
Samuel Johnson jibinaa ko e ɓiɗɗo kreyol rewtinaaɗo to Freetown, Siyeraa Leyoon, ko o tataɓo e ɓiɓɓe njeeɗiɗo ɓe Henry Erugunjinmi Johnson e Sarah Johnson njibini ñalnde 24 lewru juko hitaande 1846. [1] Henri ko Omoba (laamɗo) e leñol Oyo, kadi ko taaniiko alafin (laamɗo) Abiodun mo teeminannde 18ɓiire . [2] Caggal ɗuum o nanngaa, o yeeytaa e njulaagu jiyaaɓe Atlantik kono o artiraa Siyeraa Leyoon, hono no Yoruba en heewɓe nii, ko wayi no Samuel Ajayi Crowther (ɓiy-yumma makko woɗɗuɗo) e woɗɓe. Caggal ɗuum o hawri e binndoowo e binndol Engele biyeteeɗo Samuel Johnson, mo o inniri ɓiyiiko. Johnson ina joginoo miñiraaɓe 2 mawɓe, Henry e Nataniyel, e miñiiko gorko, Obadiya . Henry e Nathaniel kamɓe ɗiɗo fuu ɓe laati misiyon'en e ardikon'en bana Samuel, Obadiah laati doktoor arandeejo lesdi Yoruba. [3] O timmini jaŋde makko to duɗal janngirɗe fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) caggal ɗuum o jannginii e sahaa ko anndiraa hare nder leydi Yoruba .

Johnson e Charles Phillips, kamɓe ne ɓe CMS, mbaɗi nanondiral ngam dartinde wolde e hitaande 1886, caggal ɗuum nanondiral baɗngal jeytaare gure [[Diiwal Ekiti|Ekiti]] . Yimɓe [[Ilorin]] njaɓaani woppude hare kono, hare ndee jokki.  E hitaande 1880, o wonti diine, e hitaande 1888 o wonti almuudo . O woni ko e Oyo gila 1881, o timmini golle makko e daartol Yoruba e hitaande 1897. Johnson hollitii wonde faandaare makko mawnde e waɗde binndol e kaayitaaji ko reende annal daartol Yoruba, ndonu nguu ina yaawi yejjiteede. Nii woni, o winndi :

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Rev. '''Samuel Johnson''' ( Listen c ; 24 suwee 1846 &amp;#x2013; 29 abriil 1901) ko almuudo Angalteer, dipolomaat, e daartoowo, kadi ko taaniiko Alaafin Abiodun, laamɗo doole laamu Oyo . O ɓuri teskinde ko e deftere makko mawnde ''wiyeteende The History of the Yorubas'', nde o yaltini caggal maayde makko e hitaande 1921, nde Johnson etinooma winndude aadaaji e daartol [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|leñol Yoruba en]], ɗe o huli ina njaawna majjude e nder niɓɓere. Majjii, winnditaa, caggal ɗuum daɗii e halkaare e nder wolde adunaare adannde, daartol makko wonti gila ndeen &quot;deftere ɓurnde heewde limteede e ɓurnde tiiɗde e yimɓe haalooɓe ɗemngal Yoruba&quot;.  Gaa gaa darnde makko e daartol, Johnson ardii nguurndam cemmbinɗam, o waɗii geɗe keewɗe ko wayi no jaagorde, jannginoowo, e gardiiɗo duɗal to [[Ibadan]], laamorgo diiwaan Oyo to [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] . E nder wolde Yoruba, o woniino nulaaɗo e kaaldigal hakkunde Biritaan en, mawɓe Ibadan, e laamɗo Oyo. &lt;ref&gt;Falola, Toyin (2011). &quot;Ch05. Samuel Johnson (1846-1901) and The History of the Yorubas&quot;. In Cordell, Dennis (ed.). The Human Tradition in Modern Africa (1 ed.). Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers. p. 95. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9781442213838&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam ==
Samuel Johnson jibinaa ko e ɓiɗɗo kreyol rewtinaaɗo to Freetown, Siyeraa Leyoon, ko o tataɓo e ɓiɓɓe njeeɗiɗo ɓe Henry Erugunjinmi Johnson e Sarah Johnson njibini ñalnde 24 lewru juko hitaande 1846. [1] Henri ko Omoba (laamɗo) e leñol Oyo, kadi ko taaniiko alafin (laamɗo) Abiodun mo teeminannde 18ɓiire . [2] Caggal ɗuum o nanngaa, o yeeytaa e njulaagu jiyaaɓe Atlantik kono o artiraa Siyeraa Leyoon, hono no Yoruba en heewɓe nii, ko wayi no Samuel Ajayi Crowther (ɓiy-yumma makko woɗɗuɗo) e woɗɓe. Caggal ɗuum o hawri e binndoowo e binndol Engele biyeteeɗo Samuel Johnson, mo o inniri ɓiyiiko. Johnson ina joginoo miñiraaɓe 2 mawɓe, Henry e Nataniyel, e miñiiko gorko, Obadiya . Henry e Nathaniel kamɓe ɗiɗo fuu ɓe laati misiyon'en e ardikon'en bana Samuel, Obadiah laati doktoor arandeejo lesdi Yoruba. [3] O timmini jaŋde makko to duɗal janngirɗe fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) caggal ɗuum o jannginii e sahaa ko anndiraa hare nder leydi Yoruba .

Johnson e Charles Phillips, kamɓe ne ɓe CMS, mbaɗi nanondiral ngam dartinde wolde e hitaande 1886, caggal ɗuum nanondiral baɗngal jeytaare gure [[Diiwal Ekiti|Ekiti]] . Yimɓe [[Ilorin]] njaɓaani woppude hare kono, hare ndee jokki.  E hitaande 1880, o wonti diine, e hitaande 1888 o wonti almuudo . O woni ko e Oyo gila 1881, o timmini golle makko e daartol Yoruba e hitaande 1897. Johnson hollitii wonde faandaare makko mawnde e waɗde binndol e kaayitaaji ko reende annal daartol Yoruba, ndonu nguu ina yaawi yejjiteede. Nii woni, o winndi :

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Rev. '''Samuel Johnson''' ( Listen c ; 24 suwee 1846 &amp;#x2013; 29 abriil 1901) ko almuudo Angalteer, dipolomaat, e daartoowo, kadi ko taaniiko Alaafin Abiodun, laamɗo doole laamu Oyo . O ɓuri teskinde ko e deftere makko mawnde ''wiyeteende The History of the Yorubas'', nde o yaltini caggal maayde makko e hitaande 1921, nde Johnson etinooma winndude aadaaji e daartol [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|leñol Yoruba en]], ɗe o huli ina njaawna majjude e nder niɓɓere. Majjii, winnditaa, caggal ɗuum daɗii e halkaare e nder wolde adunaare adannde, daartol makko wonti gila ndeen &quot;deftere ɓurnde heewde limteede e ɓurnde tiiɗde e yimɓe haalooɓe ɗemngal Yoruba&quot;.  Gaa gaa darnde makko e daartol, Johnson ardii nguurndam cemmbinɗam, o waɗii geɗe keewɗe ko wayi no jaagorde, jannginoowo, e gardiiɗo duɗal to [[Ibadan]], laamorgo diiwaan Oyo to [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] . E nder wolde Yoruba, o woniino nulaaɗo e kaaldigal hakkunde Biritaan en, mawɓe Ibadan, e laamɗo Oyo. &lt;ref&gt;Falola, Toyin (2011). &quot;Ch05. Samuel Johnson (1846-1901) and The History of the Yorubas&quot;. In Cordell, Dennis (ed.). The Human Tradition in Modern Africa (1 ed.). Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers. p. 95. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9781442213838&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam ==
Samuel Johnson jibinaa ko e ɓiɗɗo kreyol rewtinaaɗo to Freetown, Siyeraa Leyoon, ko o tataɓo e ɓiɓɓe njeeɗiɗo ɓe Henry Erugunjinmi Johnson e Sarah Johnson njibini ñalnde 24 lewru juko hitaande 1846. [1] Henri ko Omoba (laamɗo) e leñol Oyo, kadi ko taaniiko alafin (laamɗo) Abiodun mo teeminannde 18ɓiire . [2] Caggal ɗuum o nanngaa, o yeeytaa e njulaagu jiyaaɓe Atlantik kono o artiraa Siyeraa Leyoon, hono no Yoruba en heewɓe nii, ko wayi no Samuel Ajayi Crowther (ɓiy-yumma makko woɗɗuɗo) e woɗɓe. Caggal ɗuum o hawri e binndoowo e binndol Engele biyeteeɗo Samuel Johnson, mo o inniri ɓiyiiko. Johnson ina joginoo miñiraaɓe 2 mawɓe, Henry e Nataniyel, e miñiiko gorko, Obadiya . Henry e Nathaniel kamɓe ɗiɗo fuu ɓe laati misiyon'en e ardikon'en bana Samuel, Obadiah laati doktoor arandeejo lesdi Yoruba. [3] O timmini jaŋde makko to duɗal janngirɗe fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya (CMS) caggal ɗuum o jannginii e sahaa ko anndiraa hare nder leydi Yoruba .

Johnson e Charles Phillips, kamɓe ne ɓe CMS, mbaɗi nanondiral ngam dartinde wolde e hitaande 1886, caggal ɗuum nanondiral baɗngal jeytaare gure [[Diiwal Ekiti|Ekiti]] . Yimɓe [[Ilorin]] njaɓaani woppude hare kono, hare ndee jokki.  E hitaande 1880, o wonti diine, e hitaande 1888 o wonti almuudo . O woni ko e Oyo gila 1881, o timmini golle makko e daartol Yoruba e hitaande 1897. Johnson hollitii wonde faandaare makko mawnde e waɗde binndol e kaayitaaji ko reende annal daartol Yoruba, ndonu nguu ina yaawi yejjiteede. Nii woni, o winndi :

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'''Gwilym Iwan Jones''' (3 mee 1904 &amp;#x2013; 25 lewru Yarkomaa 1995) ko fotoowo e ganndo ko faati e neɗɗaagu to Galles . Fotooje makko e nguurndam makko e nder [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] e kitaale 1930, ɗe o ƴetti nde o woni Ofiisaajo diiwaan koloñaal, addani mo yiɗde ganndal etnologie e golle makko ɗiɗaɓere e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cambridge . 

== Ngendam ==
Jones jibinaa ko to Cape Colony , o mawni ko to Siili e Angalteer , o janngi to duɗal St. Ndeen o golliima e Sarwiis Koloñaal to Nijeer (1926 – 1946), o woni Ofiisaajo Diisneteeɗo Bende e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum. O naftorii pinal leƴƴi fuɗnaange-rewo Naajeeriya, o huutorii kameraaji Rolleiflex ngam mahde nate keewɗe e nguurndam nokku oo e oon sahaa. Ina jeyaa e toɓɓe goɗɗe, fotooje makko ina kollita masɗe kuutorteeɗe e golle, e nokkuuji ceniiɗi. O resi Ursula Whittall e hitaande 1939, nafoore makko e ganndal leƴƴi addani mo hootde Angalteer ngam wonde jannginoowo e ganndal leƴƴi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cambridge, golle ɗe o joginoo e jokkondiral e fedde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jesus, to Cambridge . O woniino ganndo tedduɗo e geɗe Afrik, o artii e sahaaji keewɗi to leydi Nijeer ngam wiɗtooji. O woppi golle e hitaande 1971, kono o jokki e winndude, o woni e golle e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jesus. [1]

== Binndanɗe ==

* ''Leƴƴi haalooɓe Ibo e Ibibio to Fuɗnaange-rewo Naajeeriya'' (e Daryll Forde ) (1950)
* ''Dowlaaji njulaagu maayooji petroŋ'' (1963) (  )
* ''Naalankaagal Fuɗnaange-rewo Naajeeriya'' (1984) (  )
* ''Ciimtol hitaandewol fedde Bende, Fuɗnaange-rewo Naajeeriya, 1905 &amp;#x2013; 1912'' (1986)
* ''Naalankaagal Ibo'' (1989)
* ''Gila e maccuɓe haa e nebam paltoor'' (1989) (  )

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==

* [http://jonesarchive.siu.edu/ Arsiif fotooji GI Jones mo naalankaagal e pinal Fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Najeriya]

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'''Gwilym Iwan Jones''' (3 mee 1904 &amp;#x2013; 25 lewru Yarkomaa 1995) ko fotoowo e ganndo ko faati e neɗɗaagu to Galles . Fotooje makko e nguurndam makko e nder [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] e kitaale 1930, ɗe o ƴetti nde o woni Ofiisaajo diiwaan koloñaal, addani mo yiɗde ganndal etnologie e golle makko ɗiɗaɓere e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cambridge . &lt;ref&gt;Fentiman, Alicia (27 February 1995). &quot;OBITUARY: G. I. Jones&quot;. The Independent. Retrieved 27 March 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngendam ==
Jones jibinaa ko to Cape Colony , o mawni ko to Siili e Angalteer , o janngi to duɗal St. Ndeen o golliima e Sarwiis Koloñaal to Nijeer (1926 – 1946), o woni Ofiisaajo Diisneteeɗo Bende e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum. O naftorii pinal leƴƴi fuɗnaange-rewo Naajeeriya, o huutorii kameraaji Rolleiflex ngam mahde nate keewɗe e nguurndam nokku oo e oon sahaa. Ina jeyaa e toɓɓe goɗɗe, fotooje makko ina kollita masɗe kuutorteeɗe e golle, e nokkuuji ceniiɗi. O resi Ursula Whittall e hitaande 1939, nafoore makko e ganndal leƴƴi addani mo hootde Angalteer ngam wonde jannginoowo e ganndal leƴƴi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cambridge, golle ɗe o joginoo e jokkondiral e fedde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jesus, to Cambridge . O woniino ganndo tedduɗo e geɗe Afrik, o artii e sahaaji keewɗi to leydi Nijeer ngam wiɗtooji. O woppi golle e hitaande 1971, kono o jokki e winndude, o woni e golle e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jesus. [1]

== Binndanɗe ==

* ''Leƴƴi haalooɓe Ibo e Ibibio to Fuɗnaange-rewo Naajeeriya'' (e Daryll Forde ) (1950)
* ''Dowlaaji njulaagu maayooji petroŋ'' (1963) (  )
* ''Naalankaagal Fuɗnaange-rewo Naajeeriya'' (1984) (  )
* ''Ciimtol hitaandewol fedde Bende, Fuɗnaange-rewo Naajeeriya, 1905 &amp;#x2013; 1912'' (1986)
* ''Naalankaagal Ibo'' (1989)
* ''Gila e maccuɓe haa e nebam paltoor'' (1989) (  )

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==

* [http://jonesarchive.siu.edu/ Arsiif fotooji GI Jones mo naalankaagal e pinal Fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Najeriya]

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'''Gwilym Iwan Jones''' (3 mee 1904 &amp;#x2013; 25 lewru Yarkomaa 1995) ko fotoowo e ganndo ko faati e neɗɗaagu to Galles . Fotooje makko e nguurndam makko e nder [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] e kitaale 1930, ɗe o ƴetti nde o woni Ofiisaajo diiwaan koloñaal, addani mo yiɗde ganndal etnologie e golle makko ɗiɗaɓere e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cambridge . &lt;ref&gt;Fentiman, Alicia (27 February 1995). &quot;OBITUARY: G. I. Jones&quot;. The Independent. Retrieved 27 March 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngendam ==
Jones jibinaa ko to Cape Colony , o mawni ko to Siili e Angalteer , o janngi to duɗal St. Ndeen o golliima e Sarwiis Koloñaal to Nijeer (1926 – 1946), o woni Ofiisaajo Diisneteeɗo Bende e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum. O naftorii pinal leƴƴi fuɗnaange-rewo Naajeeriya, o huutorii kameraaji Rolleiflex ngam mahde nate keewɗe e nguurndam nokku oo e oon sahaa. Ina jeyaa e toɓɓe goɗɗe, fotooje makko ina kollita masɗe kuutorteeɗe e golle, e nokkuuji ceniiɗi. O resi Ursula Whittall e hitaande 1939, nafoore makko e ganndal leƴƴi addani mo hootde Angalteer ngam wonde jannginoowo e ganndal leƴƴi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cambridge, golle ɗe o joginoo e jokkondiral e fedde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jesus, to Cambridge . O woniino ganndo tedduɗo e geɗe Afrik, o artii e sahaaji keewɗi to leydi Nijeer ngam wiɗtooji. O woppi golle e hitaande 1971, kono o jokki e winndude, o woni e golle e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jesus. [1]

== Binndanɗe ==

* ''Leƴƴi haalooɓe Ibo e Ibibio to Fuɗnaange-rewo Naajeeriya'' (e Daryll Forde ) (1950)
* ''Dowlaaji njulaagu maayooji petroŋ'' (1963) (  )
* ''Naalankaagal Fuɗnaange-rewo Naajeeriya'' (1984) (  )
* ''Ciimtol hitaandewol fedde Bende, Fuɗnaange-rewo Naajeeriya, 1905 &amp;#x2013; 1912'' (1986)
* ''Naalankaagal Ibo'' (1989)
* ''Gila e maccuɓe haa e nebam paltoor'' (1989) (  )

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==

* [http://jonesarchive.siu.edu/ Arsiif fotooji GI Jones mo naalankaagal e pinal Fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Najeriya]

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      <text bytes="2771" sha1="09wc0qnkftz6g1n1uyuo3bc1fonb01n" xml:space="preserve">'''Obadiah Johnson''' (1849–1920, jibinaa ko to [[Firiton|Freetown, Siyeraa Leyoon]] ) ko Saro gooto, kanko e miñiiko biyeteeɗo Samuel Johnson, winndunoo e ''daartol Yoruba en gila e jamaanu gadano haa e fuɗɗoode laamu Angalteer'' . 

== Ngendam ==
Johnson jeyaa ko e galle Afriknaajo rimɗinaaɗo walla ''keɓtinaaɗo'' ummoriiɗo e Laamu Oyo ko iwdi Alaafin Abiodun . O heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara e hitaande 1886 e MD makko e hitaande 1889.   Tuggi 1890 haa 1897 ko o mawɗo safaara to [[Lagos]] . Hay so tawii ndeeɗoo jaɓɓal makko ko huunde maantiniinde e nder daartol, o wonti lolluɗo tan ko e taƴde golle goɗɗe maantiniiɗe.

E hitaande 1897 mawniiko gorko, hono Reverend Samuel Johnson, timminii golle mawɗe e daartol [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba en]] kono, e wiyde Dr. Johnson, &quot;Baas gooto... heɓi binndanɗe asliije ɗee daartol, ko ɗum addani binnduɗo oo meeɗaa wuurde ngam yiyde e binndol ko ɓuri duuɓi 20 golle makko.&quot; Binndanɗe ɗee neldaama to bayyinoowo Engele to [[London|Londres]], Angalteer, rewrude e fedde misiyoŋaaji e hitaande 1899 kono, &quot;alaa ko ɓuri ɗum nande&quot;. 

E hitaande 1900, Johnson yilliima Angalteer, o noddi bayyinoowo oo, o wiyi mo wonde o ƴaañii binndanɗe ɗee, &quot;ɗe mbaawaa yiyeede, kadi omo hebli yoɓde ɗe&quot;. Hay so tawii Doktoor Johnson ina uurna rat ɗoon e ɗoon, kanko e miñiiko ɓe pelliti &quot;accude haala kaa fooftoo ɗoon.&quot; Winndiyanke gadano oo, hono Samuel Johnson, maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum, ñalnde 29 abriil 1901. Nii woni, Doktoor Obadiah Johnson ina foti « winnditaade daartol ngol fof e hesɗitinde binndanɗe keewɗe e binndanɗe ɓutte ɗe binnduɗo oo acci ». 

E lewru ut 1901, Doktoor Johnson toɗɗaa tergal ngal wonaa laawɗungal e nder Diiso sarɗiiji Koloni Lagos. [1] Ndeen o wonii wasiyaaji ɗi ngonaa laawɗuɗi, hono no hitaande 1903 nde wonnoo kiris yoɓde tolnooji ɗi laamɓe leydi ndii moofti e yeeyooɓe, hay so tawii noon Oropnaaɓe ina njaltina heen. Alternatif oo ko lomtinde tolnooji ɗii e ballal. Gomnaajo lesdi William MacGregor ƴami miijooji diga Christopher Sapara Wiliyam, Charles Joseph George e Obadiya Johnson ngam ɓe laato ardiiɓe miijooji ɓiɓɓe lesdi. Fof ina yiɗi jogaade tolnooji ɗii ngam waasde mettinde laamɓe ɓee. [2]

Dr. Johnson maayi haa London nder hitaande 1920 nden deftere, ''Taariiha Yoruba'en diga jamanu arandejum haa fuɗɗam laamuuji Biritaniya'', wurtinaama nder hitaande 1921, arandeere haa London diga George Routledge e Sons nden boo haa Lagos diga Fedde Misiyoŋ Ekklessiya . Ndee deftere ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala wonde ko wiɗto daartol teskinngo, deftere nde nafoore mum mawnde, nde siifi nokkuuji ɗiɗo Johnson en e nder daartol. 

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      <text bytes="2986" sha1="f6dvuc0ms21mrnd8gky97tkt5dsnd6j" xml:space="preserve">'''Obadiah Johnson''' (1849–1920, jibinaa ko to [[Firiton|Freetown, Siyeraa Leyoon]] ) ko Saro gooto, kanko e miñiiko biyeteeɗo Samuel Johnson, winndunoo e ''daartol Yoruba en gila e jamaanu gadano haa e fuɗɗoode laamu Angalteer.''&lt;ref&gt;Samuel Johnson, Obadiah Johnson (2010). The History of the Yorubas: From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the British Protectorate. Cambridge University Press. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-02099-2&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngendam ==
Johnson jeyaa ko e galle Afriknaajo rimɗinaaɗo walla ''keɓtinaaɗo'' ummoriiɗo e Laamu Oyo ko iwdi Alaafin Abiodun . O heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara e hitaande 1886 e MD makko e hitaande 1889.   Tuggi 1890 haa 1897 ko o mawɗo safaara to [[Lagos]] . Hay so tawii ndeeɗoo jaɓɓal makko ko huunde maantiniinde e nder daartol, o wonti lolluɗo tan ko e taƴde golle goɗɗe maantiniiɗe.

E hitaande 1897 mawniiko gorko, hono Reverend Samuel Johnson, timminii golle mawɗe e daartol [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba en]] kono, e wiyde Dr. Johnson, &quot;Baas gooto... heɓi binndanɗe asliije ɗee daartol, ko ɗum addani binnduɗo oo meeɗaa wuurde ngam yiyde e binndol ko ɓuri duuɓi 20 golle makko.&quot; Binndanɗe ɗee neldaama to bayyinoowo Engele to [[London|Londres]], Angalteer, rewrude e fedde misiyoŋaaji e hitaande 1899 kono, &quot;alaa ko ɓuri ɗum nande&quot;. 

E hitaande 1900, Johnson yilliima Angalteer, o noddi bayyinoowo oo, o wiyi mo wonde o ƴaañii binndanɗe ɗee, &quot;ɗe mbaawaa yiyeede, kadi omo hebli yoɓde ɗe&quot;. Hay so tawii Doktoor Johnson ina uurna rat ɗoon e ɗoon, kanko e miñiiko ɓe pelliti &quot;accude haala kaa fooftoo ɗoon.&quot; Winndiyanke gadano oo, hono Samuel Johnson, maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum, ñalnde 29 abriil 1901. Nii woni, Doktoor Obadiah Johnson ina foti « winnditaade daartol ngol fof e hesɗitinde binndanɗe keewɗe e binndanɗe ɓutte ɗe binnduɗo oo acci ». 

E lewru ut 1901, Doktoor Johnson toɗɗaa tergal ngal wonaa laawɗungal e nder Diiso sarɗiiji Koloni Lagos. [1] Ndeen o wonii wasiyaaji ɗi ngonaa laawɗuɗi, hono no hitaande 1903 nde wonnoo kiris yoɓde tolnooji ɗi laamɓe leydi ndii moofti e yeeyooɓe, hay so tawii noon Oropnaaɓe ina njaltina heen. Alternatif oo ko lomtinde tolnooji ɗii e ballal. Gomnaajo lesdi William MacGregor ƴami miijooji diga Christopher Sapara Wiliyam, Charles Joseph George e Obadiya Johnson ngam ɓe laato ardiiɓe miijooji ɓiɓɓe lesdi. Fof ina yiɗi jogaade tolnooji ɗii ngam waasde mettinde laamɓe ɓee. [2]

Dr. Johnson maayi haa London nder hitaande 1920 nden deftere, ''Taariiha Yoruba'en diga jamanu arandejum haa fuɗɗam laamuuji Biritaniya'', wurtinaama nder hitaande 1921, arandeere haa London diga George Routledge e Sons nden boo haa Lagos diga Fedde Misiyoŋ Ekklessiya . Ndee deftere ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala wonde ko wiɗto daartol teskinngo, deftere nde nafoore mum mawnde, nde siifi nokkuuji ɗiɗo Johnson en e nder daartol. 

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'''Obadiah Johnson''' (1849–1920, jibinaa ko to [[Firiton|Freetown, Siyeraa Leyoon]] ) ko Saro gooto, kanko e miñiiko biyeteeɗo Samuel Johnson, winndunoo e ''daartol Yoruba en gila e jamaanu gadano haa e fuɗɗoode laamu Angalteer.''&lt;ref&gt;Samuel Johnson, Obadiah Johnson (2010). The History of the Yorubas: From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the British Protectorate. Cambridge University Press. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-02099-2&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngendam ==
Johnson jeyaa ko e galle Afriknaajo rimɗinaaɗo walla ''keɓtinaaɗo'' ummoriiɗo e Laamu Oyo ko iwdi Alaafin Abiodun . O heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara e hitaande 1886 e MD makko e hitaande 1889.   Tuggi 1890 haa 1897 ko o mawɗo safaara to [[Lagos]] . Hay so tawii ndeeɗoo jaɓɓal makko ko huunde maantiniinde e nder daartol, o wonti lolluɗo tan ko e taƴde golle goɗɗe maantiniiɗe.

E hitaande 1897 mawniiko gorko, hono Reverend Samuel Johnson, timminii golle mawɗe e daartol [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba en]] kono, e wiyde Dr. Johnson, &quot;Baas gooto... heɓi binndanɗe asliije ɗee daartol, ko ɗum addani binnduɗo oo meeɗaa wuurde ngam yiyde e binndol ko ɓuri duuɓi 20 golle makko.&quot; Binndanɗe ɗee neldaama to bayyinoowo Engele to [[London|Londres]], Angalteer, rewrude e fedde misiyoŋaaji e hitaande 1899 kono, &quot;alaa ko ɓuri ɗum nande&quot;. 

E hitaande 1900, Johnson yilliima Angalteer, o noddi bayyinoowo oo, o wiyi mo wonde o ƴaañii binndanɗe ɗee, &quot;ɗe mbaawaa yiyeede, kadi omo hebli yoɓde ɗe&quot;. Hay so tawii Doktoor Johnson ina uurna rat ɗoon e ɗoon, kanko e miñiiko ɓe pelliti &quot;accude haala kaa fooftoo ɗoon.&quot; Winndiyanke gadano oo, hono Samuel Johnson, maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum, ñalnde 29 abriil 1901. Nii woni, Doktoor Obadiah Johnson ina foti « winnditaade daartol ngol fof e hesɗitinde binndanɗe keewɗe e binndanɗe ɓutte ɗe binnduɗo oo acci ». 

E lewru ut 1901, Doktoor Johnson toɗɗaa tergal ngal wonaa laawɗungal e nder Diiso sarɗiiji Koloni Lagos. [1] Ndeen o wonii wasiyaaji ɗi ngonaa laawɗuɗi, hono no hitaande 1903 nde wonnoo kiris yoɓde tolnooji ɗi laamɓe leydi ndii moofti e yeeyooɓe, hay so tawii noon Oropnaaɓe ina njaltina heen. Alternatif oo ko lomtinde tolnooji ɗii e ballal. Gomnaajo lesdi William MacGregor ƴami miijooji diga Christopher Sapara Wiliyam, Charles Joseph George e Obadiya Johnson ngam ɓe laato ardiiɓe miijooji ɓiɓɓe lesdi. Fof ina yiɗi jogaade tolnooji ɗii ngam waasde mettinde laamɓe ɓee. [2]

Dr. Johnson maayi haa London nder hitaande 1920 nden deftere, ''Taariiha Yoruba'en diga jamanu arandejum haa fuɗɗam laamuuji Biritaniya'', wurtinaama nder hitaande 1921, arandeere haa London diga George Routledge e Sons nden boo haa Lagos diga Fedde Misiyoŋ Ekklessiya . Ndee deftere ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala wonde ko wiɗto daartol teskinngo, deftere nde nafoore mum mawnde, nde siifi nokkuuji ɗiɗo Johnson en e nder daartol. 

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      <text bytes="1295" sha1="hd6o7jpkex63kv5uds72aep5k2xp09f" xml:space="preserve">'''Henry Johnson Jr.''' ko mawɗo diine Saro to [[Maayo Jaaliba|Niiseer toowɗo]]  tuggi 1878  haa 1891. 

Jonson jibinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1840 (walla 10 noowammbar 1840) to Hastings, Siyeraa Leyoon, ko ɓiy gadano Henri Erugujinmi Jonson Sr. Jibnaaɓe Johnson nanngaama ko maccuɓe kono ɓe ngoppitaa to [[Firiton|Freetown]], ɓe koɗi e wuro wiyeteengo Hastings. O lootaama ñalnde 24 lewru bowte hitaande 1841. O dañii miñiraaɓe njeegomo, hono Nataniyel Jonson (1844-1921), Samuwel Jonson, Obadiya Jonson, Adolfus Eteefen Jonson, debbo Margaret Sarah Brown (caggal ɗuum Cole) (maayɗo 1920), e debbo Alen Jonson (maayɗo 1920), e debbo Alen Jonson (maayɗo 1920). Baaba maɓɓe ummorii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Gbagere e nder wuro mawngo Oyo ngo alaa ɗo haaɗi, ngo woni hannde ko leydi Najeriya. E nder baaba makko, o wiyi ko o taaniiko Alaafin Abiodun mo Laamaandi Oyo, ko noon kadi o woniri Omoba leñol Oyo . 

O hawti e jibnaaɓe makko e nder golle maɓɓe to Ibadan ñalnde 11 feebariyee 1858. Ndeen o janngii ngam wonde almuudo Angalteer to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya, Islington . [ [1] O toɗɗaa ko [2] jumaa St.​ O heɓi njeenaari MA teddundi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cambridge e hitaande 1886. [3]

Johnson maayi ko e hitaande 1901. 

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      <text bytes="1421" sha1="kbmx99d7mk902zbrujg9foqrhichhoy" xml:space="preserve">'''Henry Johnson Jr.''' ko mawɗo diine Saro to [[Maayo Jaaliba|Niiseer toowɗo]]  tuggi 1878  haa 1891. &lt;ref&gt;'Holy' Johnson, Pioneer of African Nationalism, 1836-1917 Ayandele, E.A. p229: Abingdon, Cass, 2005 ISBN 0714617431&lt;/ref&gt;

Jonson jibinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1840 (walla 10 noowammbar 1840) to Hastings, Siyeraa Leyoon, ko ɓiy gadano Henri Erugujinmi Jonson Sr. Jibnaaɓe Johnson nanngaama ko maccuɓe kono ɓe ngoppitaa to [[Firiton|Freetown]], ɓe koɗi e wuro wiyeteengo Hastings. O lootaama ñalnde 24 lewru bowte hitaande 1841. O dañii miñiraaɓe njeegomo, hono Nataniyel Jonson (1844-1921), Samuwel Jonson, Obadiya Jonson, Adolfus Eteefen Jonson, debbo Margaret Sarah Brown (caggal ɗuum Cole) (maayɗo 1920), e debbo Alen Jonson (maayɗo 1920), e debbo Alen Jonson (maayɗo 1920). Baaba maɓɓe ummorii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Gbagere e nder wuro mawngo Oyo ngo alaa ɗo haaɗi, ngo woni hannde ko leydi Najeriya. E nder baaba makko, o wiyi ko o taaniiko Alaafin Abiodun mo Laamaandi Oyo, ko noon kadi o woniri Omoba leñol Oyo . 

O hawti e jibnaaɓe makko e nder golle maɓɓe to Ibadan ñalnde 11 feebariyee 1858. Ndeen o janngii ngam wonde almuudo Angalteer to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya, Islington . [ [1] O toɗɗaa ko [2] jumaa St.​ O heɓi njeenaari MA teddundi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cambridge e hitaande 1886. [3]

Johnson maayi ko e hitaande 1901. 

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'''Henry Johnson Jr.''' ko mawɗo diine Saro to [[Maayo Jaaliba|Niiseer toowɗo]]  tuggi 1878  haa 1891. &lt;ref&gt;'Holy' Johnson, Pioneer of African Nationalism, 1836-1917 Ayandele, E.A. p229: Abingdon, Cass, 2005 ISBN 0714617431&lt;/ref&gt;

Jonson jibinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1840 (walla 10 noowammbar 1840) to Hastings, Siyeraa Leyoon, ko ɓiy gadano Henri Erugujinmi Jonson Sr. Jibnaaɓe Johnson nanngaama ko maccuɓe kono ɓe ngoppitaa to [[Firiton|Freetown]], ɓe koɗi e wuro wiyeteengo Hastings. O lootaama ñalnde 24 lewru bowte hitaande 1841. O dañii miñiraaɓe njeegomo, hono Nataniyel Jonson (1844-1921), Samuwel Jonson, Obadiya Jonson, Adolfus Eteefen Jonson, debbo Margaret Sarah Brown (caggal ɗuum Cole) (maayɗo 1920), e debbo Alen Jonson (maayɗo 1920), e debbo Alen Jonson (maayɗo 1920). Baaba maɓɓe ummorii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Gbagere e nder wuro mawngo Oyo ngo alaa ɗo haaɗi, ngo woni hannde ko leydi Najeriya. E nder baaba makko, o wiyi ko o taaniiko Alaafin Abiodun mo Laamaandi Oyo, ko noon kadi o woniri Omoba leñol Oyo . 

O hawti e jibnaaɓe makko e nder golle maɓɓe to Ibadan ñalnde 11 feebariyee 1858. Ndeen o janngii ngam wonde almuudo Angalteer to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya, Islington . [ [1] O toɗɗaa ko [2] jumaa St.​ O heɓi njeenaari MA teddundi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cambridge e hitaande 1886. [3]

Johnson maayi ko e hitaande 1901. 

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[[File:Eduard-robert-flegel.jpg|thumb|Eduwaar Robeer Flegel]]
'''Eduard Robert Flegel''' (13 oktoobar 1855 – 11 suwee 1886) ko njiylawu Almaañnaajo, baɗɗo darnde mawnde e hare Afrik.&lt;ref&gt;Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). &quot;Flegel, Edward Robert&quot; . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 494.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngendam ==
Flegel jibinaa ko to Vilna, [[Lituwaniya|Lituwaani]], o janngi ko njulaagu hade makko yahde [[Lagos]] e hitaande 1875, ɗo, e hitaande 1879, fartaŋŋe ummii ngam tawtoreede yah-ngartaa e [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Niiseer]], , ngo naati fotde 125 kiloomeeteer caggal nokku ɓurɗo woɗɗude hither. 

E yamiroore Fedde Afriknaare Almaañ, nde yamiri mo yo o yuurnito denndaangal [[Maayo Benuwe|maayo Benue]], Flegel jokki e wiɗtude Benue, e hitaande 1880 o yahri dow Niiseer haa Sokoto . Ko ɗoon o heɓi yamiroore e juuɗe sultan ngam yahde njillu to nokku biyeteeɗo Adamawa . E nder njiylawu makko e Benue, o anndi iwdi mum ko to [[𞤐'𞤘𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤣𞤫𞤪𞤫|Ngaundere]] e hitaande 1882.  

Caggal nde o jooɗii Orop seeɗa, [1] Flegel arti Afrik e yamiroore Fedde Afriknaare Almaañ ngam udditde diiwaan Niiseer-Benue ngam njulaagu Almaañ. [2] Eɓɓooje makko ɓuri heewde ko ŋakkuɗe nde o ari ngam yiytude diiwaan mo Sosiyetee ngenndiijo Afrik George Taubman Goldie joginoo oo, tee ina jokki e ƴellitaare mum. [1] [2] Hay so o rafi no feewi, o etiima yahde Benue, kono o arti e Yola, o maayi ko juuti caggal nde o ari e daande maayo. [2]

== Golle ==

* ''Lose Blätters e nder deftere am Hausa-Freunds e Reisegefährten'' ( ''Leɗɗe loowɗe ummoraade e deftere sehilaaɓe am e sehilaaɓe am Hausa'' ; Hamburg, 1885)
* ''Vom Niiseer-Benue; Briefe aus Afrik'' ( ''Ko faati e Niiseer-Benue ; Ɓataakeeji ummoriiɗi Afrik'' ; Leipzig, 1890)

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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[[File:Eduard-robert-flegel.jpg|thumb|Eduwaar Robeer Flegel]]
'''Eduard Robert Flegel''' (13 oktoobar 1855 – 11 suwee 1886) ko njiylawu Almaañnaajo, baɗɗo darnde mawnde e hare Afrik.&lt;ref&gt;Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). &quot;Flegel, Edward Robert&quot; . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 494.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngendam ==
Flegel jibinaa ko to Vilna, [[Lituwaniya|Lituwaani]], o janngi ko njulaagu hade makko yahde [[Lagos]] e hitaande 1875, ɗo, e hitaande 1879, fartaŋŋe ummii ngam tawtoreede yah-ngartaa e [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Niiseer]], , ngo naati fotde 125 kiloomeeteer caggal nokku ɓurɗo woɗɗude hither. 

E yamiroore Fedde Afriknaare Almaañ, nde yamiri mo yo o yuurnito denndaangal [[Maayo Benuwe|maayo Benue]], Flegel jokki e wiɗtude Benue, e hitaande 1880 o yahri dow Niiseer haa Sokoto . Ko ɗoon o heɓi yamiroore e juuɗe sultan ngam yahde njillu to nokku biyeteeɗo Adamawa . E nder njiylawu makko e Benue, o anndi iwdi mum ko to [[𞤐'𞤘𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤣𞤫𞤪𞤫|Ngaundere]] e hitaande 1882.  

Caggal nde o jooɗii Orop seeɗa, [1] Flegel arti Afrik e yamiroore Fedde Afriknaare Almaañ ngam udditde diiwaan Niiseer-Benue ngam njulaagu Almaañ. [2] Eɓɓooje makko ɓuri heewde ko ŋakkuɗe nde o ari ngam yiytude diiwaan mo Sosiyetee ngenndiijo Afrik George Taubman Goldie joginoo oo, tee ina jokki e ƴellitaare mum. [1] [2] Hay so o rafi no feewi, o etiima yahde Benue, kono o arti e Yola, o maayi ko juuti caggal nde o ari e daande maayo. [2]

== Golle ==

* ''Lose Blätters e nder deftere am Hausa-Freunds e Reisegefährten'' ( ''Leɗɗe loowɗe ummoraade e deftere sehilaaɓe am e sehilaaɓe am Hausa'' ; Hamburg, 1885)
* ''Vom Niiseer-Benue; Briefe aus Afrik'' ( ''Ko faati e Niiseer-Benue ; Ɓataakeeji ummoriiɗi Afrik'' ; Leipzig, 1890)

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Mawɗo '''Daniyel Konrad Taiwo''' Listen i (1781).  – 20 feebariyee 1901), lollirɗo '''Taiwo Olowo''' (firti ko &quot;Taiwo alɗuɗo&quot;  ), ko njulaagu, yeeyoowo kaɓirɗe, joom jiyaaɓe, jom doole politik, balloowo yimɓe e gardiiɗo renndo to [[Koloni Lagos|Lagos Koloñaal]] .

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Taiwo Olowo jibinaa ko e hitaande c. 1781 to Isheri, renndo hoɗɓe e Lagos.  Baaba makko, Oluwole, ko mawɗo toowɗo (Olofin) wuro makko, o maayi ko e hitaande 1809.  Olowo ari Lagos e hitaande 1848, o woni maccuɗo gooto mo Ogunmade Oba Osinlokun waɗi.  Innde makko ina hollita wonde ko kanko woni mawɗo e nder ɓiɗɓe ɗiɗo.

== Ascendant politik e njulaagu e nder Lagos Koloñaal ==
[[File:Olowo_Cenotaph.jpg|right|thumb|Cenotaf de Taiwo Olowo]]
[[File:View_of_Taiwo_Olowo_tomb.jpg|left|thumb|Yiyngo yanaande Taiwo Olowo]]
E kitaale 1840, Taiwo wonti gardiiɗo Kosoko, ɓiy Oba Osinlokun. Kosoko laamiima Oba Lagos tuggi 1845 haa 1853, no sikkirtee nii, Taiwo huutoriima ɓadtaade Kosoko ngam dañde ngalu njulaagu, o sosi jokkondiral e njulaagu Orop e Beresiil. So tawii noon laaɓaani so tawii Taiwo dogii e Kosoko to Epe caggal nde Biritaan en ustii Lagos e lewru Duujal, hitaande 1851, e caggal mum Oba [[Akitoye]], ko anndaa ko, ko guwerneer koloñaal biyeteeɗo Freeman noddi Kosoko yo artu Lagos e hitaande 1862. 

E hitaande 1861, Kosoko hollitii Taiwo e guwerneer Glover  mo ƴetti yiɗde Taiwo, o hirjini mo jokkude njulaagu. Ndeen guwerneer Glover sosi kawtal politik ngal Taiwo waɗi e laawol ngam wontude gooto e worɓe ɓurɓe alɗude e doole e nder Lagos. Glover hollitii Taiwo e fedde Messrs GL Gaiser, wonti gollodiiɓe Taiwo mawɓe e njulaagu, ɓe mballi mo e mooftude ñamaale ɗe njulaagu Egba njoɓata Taiwo. Gomnaajo Glover kadi hokki Taiwo baawɗe laataago '''Baba Isale''' mo Isheri. E nder darnde makko Baba Isale, Taiwo ko gardiiɗo e wakiliijo leñol Isheri. E nder heen, Taiwo ina joginoo martabaaji monopolistik e dow heddiiɓe ɓee fof e heɓde laabi njulaagu e luumooji Isheri. 

E nder ɓataake mo Kolonel Ord winndi e hitaande 1865, gardiiɗo koloñaal Angalteer, Taiwo e njulaagu Lagos woɗɓe mbinndi wonde ɓe « jibinaama jiyaaɓe » e ɓe « ummiima e semmbeeji [maɓe] » ngam wontude jom en jiyaaɓe, remooɓe, jom en laanaaji, e yeeyooɓe.  Daartoowo biyeteeɗo Kristin Mann teskiima wonde ñalɗi laaɓtuɗi ɗi Taiwo Olowo ƴettiti firo mum e njulaagu e manumission e maccungaagu anndaaka.

Taiwo lootaama e darorɗe kitaale 1870 to Egliis Trinité Seniiɗo to Ebute Ero, o ƴetti innde Daniel Konrad Taiwo.  O woniino kadi nulaaɗo laamu koloñaal Angalteer to Lagos, o woniino kadi ammbasadeer to suudu laamɗo Porto Novo.

Nde Oshodi Tapa, gonnooɗo kapiteen wolde, jooni mawɗo njulaagu, maayi e hitaande 1868, Taiwo Olowo wonti mawɗo njulaagu Kosoko. Nde Kosoko maayi e hitaande 1878, Taiwo wonti hooreejo fedde faggudu Kosoko (e fedde Dosunmu ɓurnde famɗude, nde Oloye Apena Ajasa ardii) nde ko famɗi fof 20 000 almuudo.  Taiwo haɓdii e Baba Isale - mawɗo Ajasa - doole goɗɗo oo dow laabi njulaagu e nder pijirlooji doole Lagos goɗɗi caɗtuɗi. Ajasa ko sehil Oba Dosunmu, kono ɗiɗo ɓee fof ndartiima nde Ajasa wonti doole ɗe Dosunmu waawa jogaade. E nder etaade ustude doole politik Ajasa, Oba Dosunmu wondi e Taiwo, addani Ajasa dogde e politik.

== Filantropi ==
Taiwo e woɗɓe wonnooɓe maccuɓe ɓe mballirii e dow yarlitaare ngam sosde ekkol pastoral native arandeere nder Lagos, Ekklessiya Trinity Ceniika.  O woniino kadi moƴƴo duɗal CMS Grammar, Lagos, o rokki £50 e kaalis mahngo CMS e hitaande 1867. 

== Maayde e ndonu ==
[[File:Taiwo_Olowo_Cenotaph.jpg|right|thumb|Cenotaf de Taiwo Olowo]]
Taiwo Olowo sankii ko to Lagos ñalnde 20 feebariyee 1901, omo yahra e duuɓi 120 . [1] James Johnson (Balloowo Episkop Afrik hirnaange Ekuwator) woni hooreejo wirwirnde makko. [2] [3] Hay so tawii ina wiyee wonde Olowo jibinaa ko e hitaande 1781, nde tawnoo alaa ko winndaa e sahaa nde o jibinaa ndee, alaa fof no hoolkisaa ñalngu jibinannde makko e noon duuɓi makko.

Cenotaf Taiwo Olowo oo, ko mahoowo mawɗo Beresiil-Lagos biyeteeɗo Senhor Jorge DaCosta, mahi ɗum e hitaande 1905. Ina wiyee wonde alluuje mum peewniraa ko e ɓuuɓgol teemedde ujunnaaje penndi njamndi.

Galle galle makko ina woni haa jooni sara laawol ngol, ina jeyaa e iwdi makko haa jooni. Innde mayre, Iga Taiwo Olowo, firti ko &quot;Palas Taiwo alɗuɗo&quot;.  Iwdi teskinndi ina jeyaa heen Kofoworola Abeni Pratt e Remi Vaughan-Richards .   

== Tuugnorgal ==

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Mawɗo '''Daniyel Konrad Taiwo''' Listen i (1781).  – 20 feebariyee 1901), lollirɗo '''Taiwo Olowo''' (firti ko &quot;Taiwo alɗuɗo&quot;  ), ko njulaagu, yeeyoowo kaɓirɗe, joom jiyaaɓe, jom doole politik, balloowo yimɓe e gardiiɗo renndo to [[Koloni Lagos|Lagos Koloñaal]].&lt;ref&gt;Olukoju, Akyeampong, Bates, Nunn, &amp; Robertson (11 August 2014). Accumulation and Conspicuous Consumption: The Poverty of Entrepreneurship in Western Nigeria, ca. 1850–1930 in Africa's Development in Historical Perspective. Cambridge University Press, Aug 11, 2014. pp. 210–211. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9781139992695&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Taiwo Olowo jibinaa ko e hitaande c. 1781 to Isheri, renndo hoɗɓe e Lagos.  Baaba makko, Oluwole, ko mawɗo toowɗo (Olofin) wuro makko, o maayi ko e hitaande 1809.  Olowo ari Lagos e hitaande 1848, o woni maccuɗo gooto mo Ogunmade Oba Osinlokun waɗi.  Innde makko ina hollita wonde ko kanko woni mawɗo e nder ɓiɗɓe ɗiɗo.

== Ascendant politik e njulaagu e nder Lagos Koloñaal ==
[[File:Olowo_Cenotaph.jpg|right|thumb|Cenotaf de Taiwo Olowo]]
[[File:View_of_Taiwo_Olowo_tomb.jpg|left|thumb|Yiyngo yanaande Taiwo Olowo]]
E kitaale 1840, Taiwo wonti gardiiɗo Kosoko, ɓiy Oba Osinlokun. Kosoko laamiima Oba Lagos tuggi 1845 haa 1853, no sikkirtee nii, Taiwo huutoriima ɓadtaade Kosoko ngam dañde ngalu njulaagu, o sosi jokkondiral e njulaagu Orop e Beresiil. So tawii noon laaɓaani so tawii Taiwo dogii e Kosoko to Epe caggal nde Biritaan en ustii Lagos e lewru Duujal, hitaande 1851, e caggal mum Oba [[Akitoye]], ko anndaa ko, ko guwerneer koloñaal biyeteeɗo Freeman noddi Kosoko yo artu Lagos e hitaande 1862. 

E hitaande 1861, Kosoko hollitii Taiwo e guwerneer Glover  mo ƴetti yiɗde Taiwo, o hirjini mo jokkude njulaagu. Ndeen guwerneer Glover sosi kawtal politik ngal Taiwo waɗi e laawol ngam wontude gooto e worɓe ɓurɓe alɗude e doole e nder Lagos. Glover hollitii Taiwo e fedde Messrs GL Gaiser, wonti gollodiiɓe Taiwo mawɓe e njulaagu, ɓe mballi mo e mooftude ñamaale ɗe njulaagu Egba njoɓata Taiwo. Gomnaajo Glover kadi hokki Taiwo baawɗe laataago '''Baba Isale''' mo Isheri. E nder darnde makko Baba Isale, Taiwo ko gardiiɗo e wakiliijo leñol Isheri. E nder heen, Taiwo ina joginoo martabaaji monopolistik e dow heddiiɓe ɓee fof e heɓde laabi njulaagu e luumooji Isheri. 

E nder ɓataake mo Kolonel Ord winndi e hitaande 1865, gardiiɗo koloñaal Angalteer, Taiwo e njulaagu Lagos woɗɓe mbinndi wonde ɓe « jibinaama jiyaaɓe » e ɓe « ummiima e semmbeeji [maɓe] » ngam wontude jom en jiyaaɓe, remooɓe, jom en laanaaji, e yeeyooɓe.  Daartoowo biyeteeɗo Kristin Mann teskiima wonde ñalɗi laaɓtuɗi ɗi Taiwo Olowo ƴettiti firo mum e njulaagu e manumission e maccungaagu anndaaka.

Taiwo lootaama e darorɗe kitaale 1870 to Egliis Trinité Seniiɗo to Ebute Ero, o ƴetti innde Daniel Konrad Taiwo.  O woniino kadi nulaaɗo laamu koloñaal Angalteer to Lagos, o woniino kadi ammbasadeer to suudu laamɗo Porto Novo.

Nde Oshodi Tapa, gonnooɗo kapiteen wolde, jooni mawɗo njulaagu, maayi e hitaande 1868, Taiwo Olowo wonti mawɗo njulaagu Kosoko. Nde Kosoko maayi e hitaande 1878, Taiwo wonti hooreejo fedde faggudu Kosoko (e fedde Dosunmu ɓurnde famɗude, nde Oloye Apena Ajasa ardii) nde ko famɗi fof 20 000 almuudo.  Taiwo haɓdii e Baba Isale - mawɗo Ajasa - doole goɗɗo oo dow laabi njulaagu e nder pijirlooji doole Lagos goɗɗi caɗtuɗi. Ajasa ko sehil Oba Dosunmu, kono ɗiɗo ɓee fof ndartiima nde Ajasa wonti doole ɗe Dosunmu waawa jogaade. E nder etaade ustude doole politik Ajasa, Oba Dosunmu wondi e Taiwo, addani Ajasa dogde e politik.

== Filantropi ==
Taiwo e woɗɓe wonnooɓe maccuɓe ɓe mballirii e dow yarlitaare ngam sosde ekkol pastoral native arandeere nder Lagos, Ekklessiya Trinity Ceniika.  O woniino kadi moƴƴo duɗal CMS Grammar, Lagos, o rokki £50 e kaalis mahngo CMS e hitaande 1867. 

== Maayde e ndonu ==
[[File:Taiwo_Olowo_Cenotaph.jpg|right|thumb|Cenotaf de Taiwo Olowo]]
Taiwo Olowo sankii ko to Lagos ñalnde 20 feebariyee 1901, omo yahra e duuɓi 120 . [1] James Johnson (Balloowo Episkop Afrik hirnaange Ekuwator) woni hooreejo wirwirnde makko. [2] [3] Hay so tawii ina wiyee wonde Olowo jibinaa ko e hitaande 1781, nde tawnoo alaa ko winndaa e sahaa nde o jibinaa ndee, alaa fof no hoolkisaa ñalngu jibinannde makko e noon duuɓi makko.

Cenotaf Taiwo Olowo oo, ko mahoowo mawɗo Beresiil-Lagos biyeteeɗo Senhor Jorge DaCosta, mahi ɗum e hitaande 1905. Ina wiyee wonde alluuje mum peewniraa ko e ɓuuɓgol teemedde ujunnaaje penndi njamndi.

Galle galle makko ina woni haa jooni sara laawol ngol, ina jeyaa e iwdi makko haa jooni. Innde mayre, Iga Taiwo Olowo, firti ko &quot;Palas Taiwo alɗuɗo&quot;.  Iwdi teskinndi ina jeyaa heen Kofoworola Abeni Pratt e Remi Vaughan-Richards .   

== Tuugnorgal ==

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Mawɗo '''Daniyel Konrad Taiwo''' Listen i (1781).  – 20 feebariyee 1901), lollirɗo '''Taiwo Olowo''' (firti ko &quot;Taiwo alɗuɗo&quot;  ), ko njulaagu, yeeyoowo kaɓirɗe, joom jiyaaɓe, jom doole politik, balloowo yimɓe e gardiiɗo renndo to [[Koloni Lagos|Lagos Koloñaal]].&lt;ref&gt;Olukoju, Akyeampong, Bates, Nunn, &amp; Robertson (11 August 2014). Accumulation and Conspicuous Consumption: The Poverty of Entrepreneurship in Western Nigeria, ca. 1850–1930 in Africa's Development in Historical Perspective. Cambridge University Press, Aug 11, 2014. pp. 210–211. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9781139992695&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Taiwo Olowo jibinaa ko e hitaande c. 1781 to Isheri, renndo hoɗɓe e Lagos.  Baaba makko, Oluwole, ko mawɗo toowɗo (Olofin) wuro makko, o maayi ko e hitaande 1809.  Olowo ari Lagos e hitaande 1848, o woni maccuɗo gooto mo Ogunmade Oba Osinlokun waɗi.  Innde makko ina hollita wonde ko kanko woni mawɗo e nder ɓiɗɓe ɗiɗo.

== Ascendant politik e njulaagu e nder Lagos Koloñaal ==
[[File:Olowo_Cenotaph.jpg|right|thumb|Cenotaf de Taiwo Olowo]]
[[File:View_of_Taiwo_Olowo_tomb.jpg|left|thumb|Yiyngo yanaande Taiwo Olowo]]
E kitaale 1840, Taiwo wonti gardiiɗo Kosoko, ɓiy Oba Osinlokun. Kosoko laamiima Oba Lagos tuggi 1845 haa 1853, no sikkirtee nii, Taiwo huutoriima ɓadtaade Kosoko ngam dañde ngalu njulaagu, o sosi jokkondiral e njulaagu Orop e Beresiil. So tawii noon laaɓaani so tawii Taiwo dogii e Kosoko to Epe caggal nde Biritaan en ustii Lagos e lewru Duujal, hitaande 1851, e caggal mum Oba [[Akitoye]], ko anndaa ko, ko guwerneer koloñaal biyeteeɗo Freeman noddi Kosoko yo artu Lagos e hitaande 1862. 

E hitaande 1861, Kosoko hollitii Taiwo e guwerneer Glover  mo ƴetti yiɗde Taiwo, o hirjini mo jokkude njulaagu. Ndeen guwerneer Glover sosi kawtal politik ngal Taiwo waɗi e laawol ngam wontude gooto e worɓe ɓurɓe alɗude e doole e nder Lagos. Glover hollitii Taiwo e fedde Messrs GL Gaiser, wonti gollodiiɓe Taiwo mawɓe e njulaagu, ɓe mballi mo e mooftude ñamaale ɗe njulaagu Egba njoɓata Taiwo. Gomnaajo Glover kadi hokki Taiwo baawɗe laataago '''Baba Isale''' mo Isheri. E nder darnde makko Baba Isale, Taiwo ko gardiiɗo e wakiliijo leñol Isheri. E nder heen, Taiwo ina joginoo martabaaji monopolistik e dow heddiiɓe ɓee fof e heɓde laabi njulaagu e luumooji Isheri. 

E nder ɓataake mo Kolonel Ord winndi e hitaande 1865, gardiiɗo koloñaal Angalteer, Taiwo e njulaagu Lagos woɗɓe mbinndi wonde ɓe « jibinaama jiyaaɓe » e ɓe « ummiima e semmbeeji [maɓe] » ngam wontude jom en jiyaaɓe, remooɓe, jom en laanaaji, e yeeyooɓe.  Daartoowo biyeteeɗo Kristin Mann teskiima wonde ñalɗi laaɓtuɗi ɗi Taiwo Olowo ƴettiti firo mum e njulaagu e manumission e maccungaagu anndaaka.

Taiwo lootaama e darorɗe kitaale 1870 to Egliis Trinité Seniiɗo to Ebute Ero, o ƴetti innde Daniel Konrad Taiwo.  O woniino kadi nulaaɗo laamu koloñaal Angalteer to Lagos, o woniino kadi ammbasadeer to suudu laamɗo Porto Novo.

Nde Oshodi Tapa, gonnooɗo kapiteen wolde, jooni mawɗo njulaagu, maayi e hitaande 1868, Taiwo Olowo wonti mawɗo njulaagu Kosoko. Nde Kosoko maayi e hitaande 1878, Taiwo wonti hooreejo fedde faggudu Kosoko (e fedde Dosunmu ɓurnde famɗude, nde Oloye Apena Ajasa ardii) nde ko famɗi fof 20 000 almuudo.  Taiwo haɓdii e Baba Isale - mawɗo Ajasa - doole goɗɗo oo dow laabi njulaagu e nder pijirlooji doole Lagos goɗɗi caɗtuɗi. Ajasa ko sehil Oba Dosunmu, kono ɗiɗo ɓee fof ndartiima nde Ajasa wonti doole ɗe Dosunmu waawa jogaade. E nder etaade ustude doole politik Ajasa, Oba Dosunmu wondi e Taiwo, addani Ajasa dogde e politik.

== Filantropi ==
Taiwo e woɗɓe wonnooɓe maccuɓe ɓe mballirii e dow yarlitaare ngam sosde ekkol pastoral native arandeere nder Lagos, Ekklessiya Trinity Ceniika.  O woniino kadi moƴƴo duɗal CMS Grammar, Lagos, o rokki £50 e kaalis mahngo CMS e hitaande 1867. 

== Maayde e ndonu ==
[[File:Taiwo_Olowo_Cenotaph.jpg|right|thumb|Cenotaf de Taiwo Olowo]]
Taiwo Olowo sankii ko to Lagos ñalnde 20 feebariyee 1901, omo yahra e duuɓi 120 . [1] James Johnson (Balloowo Episkop Afrik hirnaange Ekuwator) woni hooreejo wirwirnde makko. [2] [3] Hay so tawii ina wiyee wonde Olowo jibinaa ko e hitaande 1781, nde tawnoo alaa ko winndaa e sahaa nde o jibinaa ndee, alaa fof no hoolkisaa ñalngu jibinannde makko e noon duuɓi makko.

Cenotaf Taiwo Olowo oo, ko mahoowo mawɗo Beresiil-Lagos biyeteeɗo Senhor Jorge DaCosta, mahi ɗum e hitaande 1905. Ina wiyee wonde alluuje mum peewniraa ko e ɓuuɓgol teemedde ujunnaaje penndi njamndi.

Galle galle makko ina woni haa jooni sara laawol ngol, ina jeyaa e iwdi makko haa jooni. Innde mayre, Iga Taiwo Olowo, firti ko &quot;Palas Taiwo alɗuɗo&quot;.  Iwdi teskinndi ina jeyaa heen Kofoworola Abeni Pratt e Remi Vaughan-Richards .   

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Mawɗo '''Oguntola Odunbaku Sapara''' Listen c M. D. (9 lewru juko hitaande 1861 – lewru juko hitaande 1935) ko doktoor [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]], ummoriiɗo [[Sarliyon|Siyeraa Leyoon]], ko ɓuri heewde e golle mum e nguurndam mum waɗi ko e [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]] . O ɓuri anndeede ko e kampaañ makko ngam haɓaade ñawu nguu . 

== Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol ==
Oguntola Sapara jibinaa ko to [[Firiton|wuro wiyeteengo Freetown, to leydi Siyeraa Leyoon]], ñalnde 9 suwee 1861, o inniri ɗum ko Aleksanndere Jonson Wiliyam. Baaba makko ko maccuɗo rimɗinaaɗo ummoriiɗo [[Ilesa West|Ilesa]] to Hirnaange leydi Najeriya, yumma makko ko jeyaaɗo Egbaland . 

Nde o woni to Londres, Sapara waɗti hoore mum e juuɗe Ida B. Wells e nder kampaañ mum ɗiɗaɓo ngam haɓaade linngu to Angalteer (1894), o hawri e makko to galle Mrs PW Clayden (jom suudu gardiiɗo jaaynde The Daily News ) ngam neldude koppiiji jaayndeeji Engele kollitooji njillu Ida keso e nder ekkol, worɓe eklesiyaaji Amerik e yimɓe leydi Amerik. [1] Nde o ummii Ecoppi, e hitaande 1895 Sapara heɓi LRCP e LRCS to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh, LFPS to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Glasgow, o suɓaa kadi Fellow to Duɗal Laamɗo Cellal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde . [1]

== Golle safaara ==
Sapara warti haa lesdi Lagos. E lewru Yarkomaa 1896, o toɗɗaa balloowo cirridiiɗo koloñaal . O golliima e nder dingiral ceertungal e nder duuɓi 32 garooji ɗii. O waɗii balle keewɗe ngam ɓamtude cellal renndo. O haɓaama ngam ittude slum clearance, o yuɓɓini renndo ngam heblude jibinannde ganndal, o yuɓɓini diisnondiral renndo gadanal e hitaande 1901, o annditi sabaabuuji ñawu nguu e hitaande 1918, tawi ina jeyaa heen : ŋakkeende nguura, ŋakkeende henndu e majjere renndo ko fayti e laaɓal.

Ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu Yontere Cellal, ardii hare jaajnde ngam haɓaade ñawu nguu, ngu yani e Lagos e hitaande 1924. {{Sfn|Adeloye|1974}}

E nder leydi Najeriya e oon sahaa, pelle sirlu keewɗe, ko wayi no diine &quot; Sopona &quot; mo [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|leñol Yoruba]], ina njoginoo doole. Heen sahaaji eɓe njiɗi ƴattaade yimɓe, eɓe mbiya so neɗɗo yoɓaani kaalis, renndo ngoo ina waɗa ɗum ñawɗo, maaya.

So ñawɗo saliima, tergal ina waawi saabaade ɗum ñawu nguu, tawa ina waɗa heen ƴiye (scrapings) e ɓalndu ñawɓe ñawu nguu. Ngam jogaade doole mum en, renndooji ɗii ndartinii golle cellal renndo ngam faggaade. Sapara naati e kulhuli ''incognito,'' e risk keeriiɗo mawɗo. Nde o anndi sirlu doole maɓɓe, o walli laamu nguu e feewnude sariyaaji ngam haɗde renndooji ɗii. {{Sfn|&quot;In Nigeria&quot;}}

E nder feccere sakkitiinde e golle makko, Sapara ina joginoo diisnondiral Massey Street, ina gollina ko ɓuri heewde e Lagos. O waggini laamu nguu ngam waylude safrirde ndee waɗta ɗum opitaal Massey Street, mo guwerneer Graeme Thomson udditi e hitaande 1926.

Sapara ƴettii nafoore teeŋtunde e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, o waɗii heen sahaaji keewɗi e wiɗtooji ganndal batte mum en. {{Sfn|Adeloye|1974}} Tiɗnaare makko e won e kulhuli ɗii hay so tawii noon, o wonnoo ko jannguɗo pinal aadaaji Yoruba. O fawi ɗum ko e kala fartaŋŋe. {{Sfn|Mann|2007}}

Sapara woppi golle mum e hitaande 1928. O maayi ko to Lagos e lewru suwee 1935. {{Sfn|Adeloye|1974}} Musiɗɗo Jùjú lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Tunde King fiyi e ñalngu makko. {{Sfn|Blum|Bohlman|Neuman|1993}}

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Mawɗo '''Oguntola Odunbaku Sapara''' Listen c M. D. (9 lewru juko hitaande 1861 – lewru juko hitaande 1935) ko doktoor [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]], ummoriiɗo [[Sarliyon|Siyeraa Leyoon]], ko ɓuri heewde e golle mum e nguurndam mum waɗi ko e [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]] . O ɓuri anndeede ko e kampaañ makko ngam haɓaade ñawu nguu . 

== Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol ==
Oguntola Sapara jibinaa ko to [[Firiton|wuro wiyeteengo Freetown, to leydi Siyeraa Leyoon]], ñalnde 9 suwee 1861, o inniri ɗum ko Aleksanndere Jonson Wiliyam. Baaba makko ko maccuɗo rimɗinaaɗo ummoriiɗo [[Ilesa West|Ilesa]] to Hirnaange leydi Najeriya, yumma makko ko jeyaaɗo Egbaland . 

Nde o woni to Londres, Sapara waɗti hoore mum e juuɗe Ida B. Wells e nder kampaañ mum ɗiɗaɓo ngam haɓaade linngu to Angalteer (1894), o hawri e makko to galle Mrs PW Clayden (jom suudu gardiiɗo jaaynde The Daily News ) ngam neldude koppiiji jaayndeeji Engele kollitooji njillu Ida keso e nder ekkol, worɓe eklesiyaaji Amerik e yimɓe leydi Amerik. [1] Nde o ummii Ecoppi, e hitaande 1895 Sapara heɓi LRCP e LRCS to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh, LFPS to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Glasgow, o suɓaa kadi Fellow to Duɗal Laamɗo Cellal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde . [1]

== Golle safaara ==
Sapara warti haa lesdi Lagos. E lewru Yarkomaa 1896, o toɗɗaa balloowo cirridiiɗo koloñaal . O golliima e nder dingiral ceertungal e nder duuɓi 32 garooji ɗii. O waɗii balle keewɗe ngam ɓamtude cellal renndo. O haɓaama ngam ittude slum clearance, o yuɓɓini renndo ngam heblude jibinannde ganndal, o yuɓɓini diisnondiral renndo gadanal e hitaande 1901, o annditi sabaabuuji ñawu nguu e hitaande 1918, tawi ina jeyaa heen : ŋakkeende nguura, ŋakkeende henndu e majjere renndo ko fayti e laaɓal.

Ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu Yontere Cellal, ardii hare jaajnde ngam haɓaade ñawu nguu, ngu yani e Lagos e hitaande 1924. {{Sfn|Adeloye|1974}}

E nder leydi Najeriya e oon sahaa, pelle sirlu keewɗe, ko wayi no diine &quot; Sopona &quot; mo [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|leñol Yoruba]], ina njoginoo doole. Heen sahaaji eɓe njiɗi ƴattaade yimɓe, eɓe mbiya so neɗɗo yoɓaani kaalis, renndo ngoo ina waɗa ɗum ñawɗo, maaya.

So ñawɗo saliima, tergal ina waawi saabaade ɗum ñawu nguu, tawa ina waɗa heen ƴiye (scrapings) e ɓalndu ñawɓe ñawu nguu. Ngam jogaade doole mum en, renndooji ɗii ndartinii golle cellal renndo ngam faggaade. Sapara naati e kulhuli ''incognito,'' e risk keeriiɗo mawɗo. Nde o anndi sirlu doole maɓɓe, o walli laamu nguu e feewnude sariyaaji ngam haɗde renndooji ɗii. {{Sfn|&quot;In Nigeria&quot;}}

E nder feccere sakkitiinde e golle makko, Sapara ina joginoo diisnondiral Massey Street, ina gollina ko ɓuri heewde e Lagos. O waggini laamu nguu ngam waylude safrirde ndee waɗta ɗum opitaal Massey Street, mo guwerneer Graeme Thomson udditi e hitaande 1926.

Sapara ƴettii nafoore teeŋtunde e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, o waɗii heen sahaaji keewɗi e wiɗtooji ganndal batte mum en. {{Sfn|Adeloye|1974}} Tiɗnaare makko e won e kulhuli ɗii hay so tawii noon, o wonnoo ko jannguɗo pinal aadaaji Yoruba. O fawi ɗum ko e kala fartaŋŋe. {{Sfn|Mann|2007}}

Sapara woppi golle mum e hitaande 1928. O maayi ko to Lagos e lewru suwee 1935. {{Sfn|Adeloye|1974}} Musiɗɗo Jùjú lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Tunde King fiyi e ñalngu makko. {{Sfn|Blum|Bohlman|Neuman|1993}}

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'''James Pinson Labulo Davies''' (14 ut 1828  – 29 abriil 1906  ) ko jom ngalu, njulaagu-marinoowo, ofisee laana ndiwoowa, demoowo, piilaaɗo e nder njulaagu, jom doole, jom moƴƴere, resndi Sarah Forbes Bonetta to [[Lagos]] koloñaal.  

== Nguurndam gadano, jaŋde, e golle laana ndiwoowa ==
James Pinson Labulo Davies jibinaa ko e wuro wiyeteengo Bathurst, to leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, e oon sahaa ko koloni Angalteer . Jibnaaɓe makko ko kreyol en iwdi [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] en keɓtinaaɗi, ɓe Eskaadron Angalteer Hirnaange Afrik rimɗini e njulaagu jiyaaɓe Atlantik, tawi iwdi mum en ko to [[Abeokuta]] e Ogbomoso . 

Davies naati e Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Egliis (CMS), (anndiraa hannde ko Duɗal Jaŋde Sierra Leone), to [[Firiton|Freetown]] e hitaande 1848, ɗo o janngi hiisa, ɗemngal Gerek, daartol deftere e ɗemngal Engele, geɗe leydi, jimɗi e ɗemngal Latin . Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere, o wonti jannginoowo e CMS to Freetown. Caggal nde o woni jannginoowo Davies naati e kadet e nder konu Angalteer (Royal Navy ) e nder Afrik worgo, o golliima e HMS Volcano e les njiimaandi komanda Robert Coote ɗo o janngi laana ndiwoowa e laana ndiwoowa. Davies yahri yeeso gila e cadet haa e midman haa caggal mum wonti lietnaa .

== Tawtoreede e bommbooje Lagos e hitaande 1851 e golle laana njulaagu ==
Davies ko lietnaa e nder laana HMS Ƴiiƴam e nder bommbooje Lagos e gardagol komandaajo Wilmot e komandaajo Henry William Bruce e nder ɗuum Oba Kosoko riiwaa, ɗum addani Oba [[Akitoye]] ƴeeŋtude laamu . E nder bommbooji ɗi, konu ndiyam Angalteer maayi heen ofiseeji ɗiɗi, worɓe sappo ngañiima heen.  Lietnaa Davies ina jeyaa e gaañiiɓe ɓee.  Davies woppi golle mum e laana ndiwoowa e hitaande 1852, o rokki golle makko e wonde kapiteen laana njulaagu ina rewi e daande maayo Afrik hirnaange. O jooɗii haa Lagos e hitaande 1856, ɗo o anndiraa &quot;Kapiteen JPL Davies&quot;.

== Nguurndam neɗɗo e dewgal ==
Davies adii resde ko Matilda Bonifacio Serrano, debbo Espaañnaajo jeyaaɗo to Havana, o maayi ko e hitaande 1860, lebbi jeenay caggal dewgal maɓɓe. [1] [2] E lewru ut 1862, Davies resi Sarah Forbes Bonetta, gardinooɗo laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria . [3] Innde makko e fuɗɗoode ko Aina (ina kadi woni Ina), [4] o maccuɗaa caggal nde o yani e wuro makko to Okeadan e maayde jibnaaɓe makko e juuɗe konunkooɓe Dahome, caggal ɗuum o jogaa e nder galle laamɗo Ghezo mo Dahomey . O woppitaa ko Kapiteen Forbes mo Bonetta caggal nde o hawri e Ghezo . Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe tato : Viktooriya Dawis (1863), Artur Dawis (1871), e Stella Dawis (1873). [5] Sarah maayi ko e rafi tuubakooɓe e hitaande 1880, Davies resi Catherine Kofoworola Reffle e hitaande 1889. [2] [1] [6]

== Pioneer ndema kakawo e nder Afrik hirnaange ==
Davies ina sikkaa ko kañum woni gadiiɗo ndema kakawo e nder Afrik hirnaange caggal nde o heɓi aawdi kakawo ndii e laana ndiwoowa Beresiil, kadi ko e duunde Fernando Po e hitaande 1879 e hitaande 1880.  Caggal ɗuum Davies sosi ndema kakawo ɓuuɓka to Ijon, to bannge worgo Lagos.  Davies kadi wallitii e saaktude ganndal ndema kakawo to Jacob Kehinde Coker, o huutoriima ngalu ngu o heɓi e ndema makko kakawo ngam wallitde nafooje linjiila Kerecee’en. JK Coker kadi ardii Dental Agege Planters, ngal saaktiri kakawo e nder leydi Yoruba fof. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ijon-Farm&quot; /&gt; E lewru abriil 1916, &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwhg&quot;&gt;jaaynde wiyeteende Journal of African Society (Journal of African Society)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; hollitii wonde ko [[Akra|kañum]] naatni kakawo e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Kono tan, Ñaawirde W. B. Griffiths, hooreejo ñaawirdu koloñaal to Gold Coast (Ganaa hannde oo), yaltinii ciimtol mum e nder bayyinaango 20 suwee 1916, o wiyi baaba makko, hono Sir Brandford Griffiths, guwerneer Angalteer to Gold Coast tuggi 1885 haa 1895, ko kanko woni piilaaɗo ndema kakawo Gold Coast. Ñaawirde Griffith jaɓii wonde Davies adii baaba mum ko piilaaɗo kakawo e nder Afrik worgo. O winndi heen :

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'''James Pinson Labulo Davies''' (14 ut 1828  – 29 abriil 1906  ) ko jom ngalu, njulaagu-marinoowo, ofisee laana ndiwoowa, demoowo, piilaaɗo e nder njulaagu, jom doole, jom moƴƴere, resndi Sarah Forbes Bonetta to [[Lagos]] koloñaal.  

== Nguurndam gadano, jaŋde, e golle laana ndiwoowa ==
James Pinson Labulo Davies jibinaa ko e wuro wiyeteengo Bathurst, to leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, e oon sahaa ko koloni Angalteer . Jibnaaɓe makko ko kreyol en iwdi [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] en keɓtinaaɗi, ɓe Eskaadron Angalteer Hirnaange Afrik rimɗini e njulaagu jiyaaɓe Atlantik, tawi iwdi mum en ko to [[Abeokuta]] e Ogbomoso . 

Davies naati e Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Egliis (CMS), (anndiraa hannde ko Duɗal Jaŋde Sierra Leone), to [[Firiton|Freetown]] e hitaande 1848, ɗo o janngi hiisa, ɗemngal Gerek, daartol deftere e ɗemngal Engele, geɗe leydi, jimɗi e ɗemngal Latin . Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere, o wonti jannginoowo e CMS to Freetown. Caggal nde o woni jannginoowo Davies naati e kadet e nder konu Angalteer (Royal Navy ) e nder Afrik worgo, o golliima e HMS Volcano e les njiimaandi komanda Robert Coote ɗo o janngi laana ndiwoowa e laana ndiwoowa. Davies yahri yeeso gila e cadet haa e midman haa caggal mum wonti lietnaa .

== Tawtoreede e bommbooje Lagos e hitaande 1851 e golle laana njulaagu ==
Davies ko lietnaa e nder laana HMS Ƴiiƴam e nder bommbooje Lagos e gardagol komandaajo Wilmot e komandaajo Henry William Bruce e nder ɗuum Oba Kosoko riiwaa, ɗum addani Oba [[Akitoye]] ƴeeŋtude laamu . E nder bommbooji ɗi, konu ndiyam Angalteer maayi heen ofiseeji ɗiɗi, worɓe sappo ngañiima heen.  Lietnaa Davies ina jeyaa e gaañiiɓe ɓee.  Davies woppi golle mum e laana ndiwoowa e hitaande 1852, o rokki golle makko e wonde kapiteen laana njulaagu ina rewi e daande maayo Afrik hirnaange. O jooɗii haa Lagos e hitaande 1856, ɗo o anndiraa &quot;Kapiteen JPL Davies&quot;.

== Nguurndam neɗɗo e dewgal ==
Davies adii resde ko Matilda Bonifacio Serrano, debbo Espaañnaajo jeyaaɗo to Havana, o maayi ko e hitaande 1860, lebbi jeenay caggal dewgal maɓɓe. [1] [2] E lewru ut 1862, Davies resi Sarah Forbes Bonetta, gardinooɗo laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria . [3] Innde makko e fuɗɗoode ko Aina (ina kadi woni Ina), [4] o maccuɗaa caggal nde o yani e wuro makko to Okeadan e maayde jibnaaɓe makko e juuɗe konunkooɓe Dahome, caggal ɗuum o jogaa e nder galle laamɗo Ghezo mo Dahomey . O woppitaa ko Kapiteen Forbes mo Bonetta caggal nde o hawri e Ghezo . Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe tato : Viktooriya Dawis (1863), Artur Dawis (1871), e Stella Dawis (1873). [5] Sarah maayi ko e rafi tuubakooɓe e hitaande 1880, Davies resi Catherine Kofoworola Reffle e hitaande 1889. [2] [1] [6]

== Pioneer ndema kakawo e nder Afrik hirnaange ==
Davies ina sikkaa ko kañum woni gadiiɗo ndema kakawo e nder Afrik hirnaange caggal nde o heɓi aawdi kakawo ndii e laana ndiwoowa Beresiil, kadi ko e duunde Fernando Po e hitaande 1879 e hitaande 1880.  Caggal ɗuum Davies sosi ndema kakawo ɓuuɓka to Ijon, to bannge worgo Lagos.  Davies kadi wallitii e saaktude ganndal ndema kakawo to Jacob Kehinde Coker, o huutoriima ngalu ngu o heɓi e ndema makko kakawo ngam wallitde nafooje linjiila Kerecee’en. JK Coker kadi ardii Dental Agege Planters, ngal saaktiri kakawo e nder leydi Yoruba fof. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ijon-Farm&quot; /&gt; E lewru abriil 1916, &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwhg&quot;&gt;jaaynde wiyeteende Journal of African Society (Journal of African Society)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; hollitii wonde ko [[Akra|kañum]] naatni kakawo e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Kono tan, Ñaawirde W. B. Griffiths, hooreejo ñaawirdu koloñaal to Gold Coast (Ganaa hannde oo), yaltinii ciimtol mum e nder bayyinaango 20 suwee 1916, o wiyi baaba makko, hono Sir Brandford Griffiths, guwerneer Angalteer to Gold Coast tuggi 1885 haa 1895, ko kanko woni piilaaɗo ndema kakawo Gold Coast. Ñaawirde Griffith jaɓii wonde Davies adii baaba mum ko piilaaɗo kakawo e nder Afrik worgo. O winndi heen :

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'''George S. A. Da Costa''' (1853-1929) ko fotoowo Najeriyaajo, golloowo e darorɗe teeminannde 19ɓiire e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire. O winnditii eɓɓaaɗe laamu, haa arti noon e mahngo laabi njamndi e nder koloñaal.

== Ngendam ==
George S. A. Da Costa, Amaro, jibinaa ko to [[Lagos]], to leydi Nijeer, e hitaande 1853. O janngi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde CMS, to Lagos. Tuggi 1877 haa 1895, o ardii defterdu fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya to Lagos. {{Sfn|Costa, George S A, Da, b 1853, photographer, RCS}} E hitaande 1895, o waɗi £30.00 e heblo keeriiɗo, caggal ɗuum o udditi njulaagu fotooje to Lagos. {{Sfn|Macmillan|1920}} O joginoo ko njulaagu mawngu e kitaale 1890 jokki haa e teeminannde aroore ndee. {{Sfn|Aura Seikkula|Bisi Silva|2013}}

Da Costa golliima fotooje ngam laamu koloñaal leydi Naajeeriya, o ƴetti fotooji keewɗi ɗi limtata golle laamu nguu e nder leydi ndii fof, haa arti noon e Fuɗnaange. {{Sfn|Aura Seikkula|Bisi Silva|2013}} Ina heen natal mahngo laawol laana njoorndi ummoraade Lagos rewrude e Jebba haa [[Kaduna]] . Suudu makko e hitaande 1920 wonnoo ko to 18 laawol Ricca, Lagos. {{Sfn|Costa, George S A, Da, b 1853, photographer, RCS}} O golliima e Allister Macmillan e ndeen hitaande, o ƴetti fotooje ngam ''deftere boɗeere Afrik hirnaange'' . Macmillan noddi mo &quot;fotoowo karallaagal ɓurɗo waawde e anndeede e nder leydi Nijeer&quot;. {{Sfn|Oguibe|2004}} 52 e fotooji makko peeñii e ''deftere boɗeere'', jeeɗiɗi ƴettaa ko to [[Kano]], heddiiɓe ɓee ko to Lagos. {{Sfn|Nimis|2005}}

Joorji Da Kosta sankii ko e hitaande 1929. {{Sfn|Ajiroba Yemi Kotun|2013}}

== Kugal ==
Golle Da Costa ina kollita Afrik hirnaange mo woɗɗaani natal « duunde niɓɓiire » nde Oropnaaɓe e Ameriknaaɓe njoginoo e oon sahaa. O hollirta ko renndo cosmopolitan, jannguɓe, njulaagu winndere, awokaaji, politikaaji, mawɓe jaayɗe e sosiyaalist en. [1] Fotooji Da Costa peeñii e deftere boɗeere Afrik hirnaange: daartol e sifaa, geɗe njulaagu e gollorɗe, limooje, &amp; jawdi (1920, Allister Macmillan winndi ɗum). Deftere nde’e wi’i ko nde “deftere arandeere nde meeɗi yaltugo haa Hirnaange Afrik, nden boo nde ɓuri hollugo.” [1] Nate makko keewɗe ina njiytee e deftere makko wiyeteende Christaud M. Geary wiyeteende « Nate ummoraade e Afrik hakkundeejo, 1885-1960 » (2003). [1]

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 {{Databox}}
'''George S. A. Da Costa''' (1853-1929) ko fotoowo Najeriyaajo, golloowo e darorɗe teeminannde 19ɓiire e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire. O winnditii eɓɓaaɗe laamu, haa arti noon e mahngo laabi njamndi e nder koloñaal.

== Ngendam ==
George S. A. Da Costa, Amaro, jibinaa ko to [[Lagos]], to leydi Nijeer, e hitaande 1853. O janngi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde CMS, to Lagos. Tuggi 1877 haa 1895, o ardii defterdu fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya to Lagos. {{Sfn|Costa, George S A, Da, b 1853, photographer, RCS}} E hitaande 1895, o waɗi £30.00 e heblo keeriiɗo, caggal ɗuum o udditi njulaagu fotooje to Lagos. {{Sfn|Macmillan|1920}} O joginoo ko njulaagu mawngu e kitaale 1890 jokki haa e teeminannde aroore ndee. {{Sfn|Aura Seikkula|Bisi Silva|2013}}

Da Costa golliima fotooje ngam laamu koloñaal leydi Naajeeriya, o ƴetti fotooji keewɗi ɗi limtata golle laamu nguu e nder leydi ndii fof, haa arti noon e Fuɗnaange. {{Sfn|Aura Seikkula|Bisi Silva|2013}} Ina heen natal mahngo laawol laana njoorndi ummoraade Lagos rewrude e Jebba haa [[Kaduna]] . Suudu makko e hitaande 1920 wonnoo ko to 18 laawol Ricca, Lagos. {{Sfn|Costa, George S A, Da, b 1853, photographer, RCS}} O golliima e Allister Macmillan e ndeen hitaande, o ƴetti fotooje ngam ''deftere boɗeere Afrik hirnaange'' . Macmillan noddi mo &quot;fotoowo karallaagal ɓurɗo waawde e anndeede e nder leydi Nijeer&quot;. {{Sfn|Oguibe|2004}} 52 e fotooji makko peeñii e ''deftere boɗeere'', jeeɗiɗi ƴettaa ko to [[Kano]], heddiiɓe ɓee ko to Lagos. {{Sfn|Nimis|2005}}

Joorji Da Kosta sankii ko e hitaande 1929. {{Sfn|Ajiroba Yemi Kotun|2013}}

== Kugal ==
Golle Da Costa ina kollita Afrik hirnaange mo woɗɗaani natal « duunde niɓɓiire » nde Oropnaaɓe e Ameriknaaɓe njoginoo e oon sahaa. O hollirta ko renndo cosmopolitan, jannguɓe, njulaagu winndere, awokaaji, politikaaji, mawɓe jaayɗe e sosiyaalist en. [1] Fotooji Da Costa peeñii e deftere boɗeere Afrik hirnaange: daartol e sifaa, geɗe njulaagu e gollorɗe, limooje, &amp; jawdi (1920, Allister Macmillan winndi ɗum). Deftere nde’e wi’i ko nde “deftere arandeere nde meeɗi yaltugo haa Hirnaange Afrik, nden boo nde ɓuri hollugo.” [1] Nate makko keewɗe ina njiytee e deftere makko wiyeteende Christaud M. Geary wiyeteende « Nate ummoraade e Afrik hakkundeejo, 1885-1960 » (2003). [1]

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      <text bytes="4571" sha1="9k0bngaeeorhgf50647alobpc3rthrk" xml:space="preserve">'''Henry Carr''' (15 ut 1863 &amp;#x2013; 1945) ko jannginoowo e njuɓɓudi leydi Nijeer . O jeyaa ko e Afriknaaɓe hirnaange ɓurɓe maantinde e darorɗe teeminannde sappo e jeenayɓiire e puɗal teeminannde noogasɓiire , o jeyaa ko e diiso sarɗiiji to Lagos tuggi 1918 &amp;#x2013; 1924.

== Baɗte e jaŋde ==
Henry Carr jibinaa ko e nder [[Koloni Lagos]] ñalnde 15 lewru nduu hitaande 1863, e galle Amuwo Carr e Rebecca Carr, rimɗinɓe Saro eggooɓe ummoriiɓe [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] .    Amuwo Carr maayi ko to [[Abeokuta]] nde Henry ina yahra e duuɓi jeeɗiɗi, o acci Rebecca Carr ina ardii jaŋde suka Henry. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cole-Carr&quot; /&gt; Henry janngi duɗal Wesleyan, Olowgbowo ngam jaŋde mum leslesre. O wallitnoo ko Reverend TB Thomas, sehil yumma makko no feewi, ngam yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesleyan to Freetown, to Siyeraa Leyoon Angalteer ngam jaŋde makko hakkundeere. To leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Fourah Bay ɗo o heɓi seedantaagal teddungal e hitaande 1880. Ko kanko woni gadano jaŋngude duɗal ngal ngam heɓde heen seedantaagal. Ndeen o yahii Angalteer , o winnditii e jaŋde to Lincoln’s Inn, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. Caggal ɗuum, o heɓi dipolom makko honors BA e hiisa e ganndal fisik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Durham e hitaande 1882. E hitaande 1906 o heɓi dipolom makko BCL to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln’s Inn, e hitaande ndee tan o waɗtaa kanseer diiwaan Afrik hirnaange Ekuwatoor.  Henri Karr ina resndi debbo gonnooɗo Henriyetta Robbin. 

== Career e nder Afrik hirnaange ==
O warti lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1885, o janngi haa janngirde CMS Grammar, Lagos haa o naati nder suudu janngirde nden haa hitaande 1889, o woni hooreejo janngirde nder Secretariat e sub-inspector janngirde.

O toɗɗaa ko ƴeewtotooɗo duɗe e hitaande 1892 (o wonti ɓaleejo gadano waɗde ɗum) e balloowo sekereteer koloñaal ngam geɗe ngenndiije e hitaande 1900. To Lagos, Nijeer, o jokki e yahrude yeeso e waɗde golle keewɗe e nder Yiilirde Jaŋde, o woni gardiiɗo jaŋde hakkunde 1906 e 198siny e nder leydi Nijeer 1918. [1] O wayi ko no ɓaleejo gadano e les njiimaandi koloñaal Angalteer heɓde ndeeɗoo darnde. [2] Henry Carr ina jeyaa e Afriknaaɓe hirnaange seeɗa e nder fuɗɗoode teeminannde noogasɓere, ɓe ndartini caɗeele e nder laamuuji koloñaal .

Ko adii wolde adunaare ɗimmere, ko seeɗa e Afriknaaɓe ummiima haa ɓurti darnde mawɗo binnditagol e nder njuɓɓudi koloñaal . Nde maayde Oropnaaɓe ustii e nder Afrik hirnaange, heewɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe ngari e [[leydi]] ndii, keɓii geɗe njuɓɓudi, nde tawnoo ofiseeji koloñaal en njaɓii ɗum en e yaawde, mballitii yahrude yeeso e golle mum en. Ɗum fof noon ɓeydii ustude fartaŋŋeeji Afrik hirnaange ngam ɓeydaade ƴettude golle njuɓɓudi.  Dalillaaji dokkaaɗi ngam ustude yahrude yeeso e golle Afriknaaɓe e oon sahaa ko tuume ɗe ardiiɓe Angalteer njoginoo e jikkuuji Afriknaaɓe sabu ñaawoore njulaagu adannde to [[Gana|Ganaa]] . Kono, ɗumɗoo ko haala goota, won heen ñiŋooɓe ina naamndii so tawii won ko woni sabaabu bonɗo caggal politik oo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Boniface I. Obichere 1982. pp 170-240&quot; /&gt;

=== Taariindi golle ===
Doktoor Henri Rawlinson Karr, B. A. Dunelm (1882); MA, BCL Dunelm e ƴeewndo e jaŋde keeriinde (1906); Dunelm DCL tedduɗo (1934); ISO (hitaande 1920); OBE (hitaande 1929); CBE (hitaande 1934); jaagorgal duɗal, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos (1885-1889); ƴeewtotooɗo duɗe Koloni Lagos (1900 e 1903–1906); mawɗo ƴeewtotooɗo duɗe diiwanuuji hirnaange leydi ndii (1906-1915); mawɗo ƴeewtotooɗo duɗe diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer (1915-1928).

Komiseer (caggal ɗuum inniraa Hoɗɓe) Koloni Lagos (1918-1924); tergal fedde teddunde Lincoln’s Inn (winnditaama e hitaande 1909), hooreejo dewal (Diocèse de l’Equateur Ouest) Afrik (1906-1919) e Diocèse de Lagos (1920-1945), cukko hooreejo gadano (hooreejo gadano e nder duɗal William Study ko guwerneer MacG Naalankaagal e Binndi ekn.

Tergal laawɗungal e Yiilirde Jaŋde Koloni e diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer (1926-1945), e Goomu Duɗal Koloni Lagos 1913–45, e Yiilirde Wasiyaaji Koldaa Toownde, Yaba, (1934–44), e Goomu Rattes–Asittes of93). Taƴre wuro Lagos (1929-37); e nder Diiso sarɗiiji leydi Nijeer (1933–44).

Njillu e tergal Goomu njillu kasooji Lagos (1925–37), tergal e Yiilirde Ngenndiire Koldaa Igbobi, Yaba (1937-1945), &quot;Arsitek&quot; Koldaa Kings, Lagos ; mooftuɗo defte, jannginoowo mo alaa ko nanndi e mum, haaloowo, jimoowo, golloowo laamu tedduɗo.

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'''Henry Carr''' (15 ut 1863 &amp;#x2013; 1945) ko jannginoowo e njuɓɓudi leydi Nijeer . O jeyaa ko e Afriknaaɓe hirnaange ɓurɓe maantinde e darorɗe teeminannde sappo e jeenayɓiire e puɗal teeminannde noogasɓiire , o jeyaa ko e diiso sarɗiiji to Lagos tuggi 1918 &amp;#x2013; 1924.

== Baɗte e jaŋde ==
Henry Carr jibinaa ko e nder [[Koloni Lagos]] ñalnde 15 lewru nduu hitaande 1863, e galle Amuwo Carr e Rebecca Carr, rimɗinɓe Saro eggooɓe ummoriiɓe [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] .    Amuwo Carr maayi ko to [[Abeokuta]] nde Henry ina yahra e duuɓi jeeɗiɗi, o acci Rebecca Carr ina ardii jaŋde suka Henry. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cole-Carr&quot; /&gt; Henry janngi duɗal Wesleyan, Olowgbowo ngam jaŋde mum leslesre. O wallitnoo ko Reverend TB Thomas, sehil yumma makko no feewi, ngam yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesleyan to Freetown, to Siyeraa Leyoon Angalteer ngam jaŋde makko hakkundeere. To leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Fourah Bay ɗo o heɓi seedantaagal teddungal e hitaande 1880. Ko kanko woni gadano jaŋngude duɗal ngal ngam heɓde heen seedantaagal. Ndeen o yahii Angalteer , o winnditii e jaŋde to Lincoln’s Inn, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. Caggal ɗuum, o heɓi dipolom makko honors BA e hiisa e ganndal fisik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Durham e hitaande 1882. E hitaande 1906 o heɓi dipolom makko BCL to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln’s Inn, e hitaande ndee tan o waɗtaa kanseer diiwaan Afrik hirnaange Ekuwatoor.  Henri Karr ina resndi debbo gonnooɗo Henriyetta Robbin. 

== Career e nder Afrik hirnaange ==
O warti lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1885, o janngi haa janngirde CMS Grammar, Lagos haa o naati nder suudu janngirde nden haa hitaande 1889, o woni hooreejo janngirde nder Secretariat e sub-inspector janngirde.

O toɗɗaa ko ƴeewtotooɗo duɗe e hitaande 1892 (o wonti ɓaleejo gadano waɗde ɗum) e balloowo sekereteer koloñaal ngam geɗe ngenndiije e hitaande 1900. To Lagos, Nijeer, o jokki e yahrude yeeso e waɗde golle keewɗe e nder Yiilirde Jaŋde, o woni gardiiɗo jaŋde hakkunde 1906 e 198siny e nder leydi Nijeer 1918. [1] O wayi ko no ɓaleejo gadano e les njiimaandi koloñaal Angalteer heɓde ndeeɗoo darnde. [2] Henry Carr ina jeyaa e Afriknaaɓe hirnaange seeɗa e nder fuɗɗoode teeminannde noogasɓere, ɓe ndartini caɗeele e nder laamuuji koloñaal .

Ko adii wolde adunaare ɗimmere, ko seeɗa e Afriknaaɓe ummiima haa ɓurti darnde mawɗo binnditagol e nder njuɓɓudi koloñaal . Nde maayde Oropnaaɓe ustii e nder Afrik hirnaange, heewɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe ngari e [[leydi]] ndii, keɓii geɗe njuɓɓudi, nde tawnoo ofiseeji koloñaal en njaɓii ɗum en e yaawde, mballitii yahrude yeeso e golle mum en. Ɗum fof noon ɓeydii ustude fartaŋŋeeji Afrik hirnaange ngam ɓeydaade ƴettude golle njuɓɓudi.  Dalillaaji dokkaaɗi ngam ustude yahrude yeeso e golle Afriknaaɓe e oon sahaa ko tuume ɗe ardiiɓe Angalteer njoginoo e jikkuuji Afriknaaɓe sabu ñaawoore njulaagu adannde to [[Gana|Ganaa]] . Kono, ɗumɗoo ko haala goota, won heen ñiŋooɓe ina naamndii so tawii won ko woni sabaabu bonɗo caggal politik oo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Boniface I. Obichere 1982. pp 170-240&quot; /&gt;

=== Taariindi golle ===
Doktoor Henri Rawlinson Karr, B. A. Dunelm (1882); MA, BCL Dunelm e ƴeewndo e jaŋde keeriinde (1906); Dunelm DCL tedduɗo (1934); ISO (hitaande 1920); OBE (hitaande 1929); CBE (hitaande 1934); jaagorgal duɗal, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos (1885-1889); ƴeewtotooɗo duɗe Koloni Lagos (1900 e 1903–1906); mawɗo ƴeewtotooɗo duɗe diiwanuuji hirnaange leydi ndii (1906-1915); mawɗo ƴeewtotooɗo duɗe diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer (1915-1928).

Komiseer (caggal ɗuum inniraa Hoɗɓe) Koloni Lagos (1918-1924); tergal fedde teddunde Lincoln’s Inn (winnditaama e hitaande 1909), hooreejo dewal (Diocèse de l’Equateur Ouest) Afrik (1906-1919) e Diocèse de Lagos (1920-1945), cukko hooreejo gadano (hooreejo gadano e nder duɗal William Study ko guwerneer MacG Naalankaagal e Binndi ekn.

Tergal laawɗungal e Yiilirde Jaŋde Koloni e diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer (1926-1945), e Goomu Duɗal Koloni Lagos 1913–45, e Yiilirde Wasiyaaji Koldaa Toownde, Yaba, (1934–44), e Goomu Rattes–Asittes of93). Taƴre wuro Lagos (1929-37); e nder Diiso sarɗiiji leydi Nijeer (1933–44).

Njillu e tergal Goomu njillu kasooji Lagos (1925–37), tergal e Yiilirde Ngenndiire Koldaa Igbobi, Yaba (1937-1945), &quot;Arsitek&quot; Koldaa Kings, Lagos ; mooftuɗo defte, jannginoowo mo alaa ko nanndi e mum, haaloowo, jimoowo, golloowo laamu tedduɗo.

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'''Samuel Herbert Pearse''', FRCI (jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1865, maayi ko hitaande 1953  ) ko jom laana ndiwoowa e njulaagu geɗe Siyeraa Leyoon e ndonu Egba . O sosi Otel gadano to [[Lagos]] e hitaande 1907. O woniino kadi tergal e binndoowo fedde haɓantoonde maccungaagu e ndeenka Aborigine en to Lagos .

== Nguurndam e golle ==
O jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1865, e nder galle mawɗo biyeteeɗo Samuel Pearse mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya . O naati duɗal CMS Grammar School, Lagos ngam jaŋde hakkundeere, o fuɗɗii golle makko e hitaande 1883.

E hitaande 1888, o hawri e jom ngalu leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, hono I. Thompson, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe puɗɗii njulaagu to Lagos e Londres. Kono worɓe ɗiɗo ɓee fof ceertii e hitaande 1894. Ɓooytaani Pearse fuɗɗii konte mum njulaagu to Calabar e Lagos, kadi o wonti ajennda sosiyetee njulaagu Afrik e Gold Coast. 

O waɗi jawdi ɗuuɗndi nder filu paltoor diga lesdi Old Calabar bana gooto nder ardiiɓe Naajeeriya ngam soodugo kuuje. O heɓi laana ndiwoowa mawka ko adii wolde adunaare adannde, o heɓi nafoore e luumo laana ndiwoowa keewngo ngalu ngu sosiyetee Elder Dempster ɓuri heewde e diiwaan hee. Caggal ɗuum o naati e njulaagu kaɓirɗe to leydi Benin, o ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e naatde e marsandiis. [1]

== Iwdiiji ==
Limtaa e iwdi Mr. Pearse ko jom njeenaari [[Nollywood]] biyeteeɗo [[Joke Silva]], taaniiko debbo. 

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'''Samuel Herbert Pearse''', FRCI (jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1865, maayi ko hitaande 1953  ) ko jom laana ndiwoowa e njulaagu geɗe Siyeraa Leyoon e ndonu Egba . O sosi Otel gadano to [[Lagos]] e hitaande 1907. O woniino kadi tergal e binndoowo fedde haɓantoonde maccungaagu e ndeenka Aborigine en to Lagos.&lt;ref&gt;Hopkins, Anthony G. (July 16, 2024). Capitalism in the Colonies: African Merchants in Lagos, 1851–1931. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press. p. 393. ISBN 978-0691258843&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam e golle ==
O jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1865, e nder galle mawɗo biyeteeɗo Samuel Pearse mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya . O naati duɗal CMS Grammar School, Lagos ngam jaŋde hakkundeere, o fuɗɗii golle makko e hitaande 1883.

E hitaande 1888, o hawri e jom ngalu leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, hono I. Thompson, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe puɗɗii njulaagu to Lagos e Londres. Kono worɓe ɗiɗo ɓee fof ceertii e hitaande 1894. Ɓooytaani Pearse fuɗɗii konte mum njulaagu to Calabar e Lagos, kadi o wonti ajennda sosiyetee njulaagu Afrik e Gold Coast. 

O waɗi jawdi ɗuuɗndi nder filu paltoor diga lesdi Old Calabar bana gooto nder ardiiɓe Naajeeriya ngam soodugo kuuje. O heɓi laana ndiwoowa mawka ko adii wolde adunaare adannde, o heɓi nafoore e luumo laana ndiwoowa keewngo ngalu ngu sosiyetee Elder Dempster ɓuri heewde e diiwaan hee. Caggal ɗuum o naati e njulaagu kaɓirɗe to leydi Benin, o ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e naatde e marsandiis. [1]

== Iwdiiji ==
Limtaa e iwdi Mr. Pearse ko jom njeenaari [[Nollywood]] biyeteeɗo [[Joke Silva]], taaniiko debbo. 

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'''Samuel Herbert Pearse''', FRCI (jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1865, maayi ko hitaande 1953  ) ko jom laana ndiwoowa e njulaagu geɗe Siyeraa Leyoon e ndonu Egba . O sosi Otel gadano to [[Lagos]] e hitaande 1907. O woniino kadi tergal e binndoowo fedde haɓantoonde maccungaagu e ndeenka Aborigine en to Lagos.&lt;ref&gt;Hopkins, Anthony G. (July 16, 2024). Capitalism in the Colonies: African Merchants in Lagos, 1851–1931. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press. p. 393. ISBN 978-0691258843&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam e golle ==
O jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1865, e nder galle mawɗo biyeteeɗo Samuel Pearse mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Eklesiya . O naati duɗal CMS Grammar School, Lagos ngam jaŋde hakkundeere, o fuɗɗii golle makko e hitaande 1883.

E hitaande 1888, o hawri e jom ngalu leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, hono I. Thompson, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe puɗɗii njulaagu to Lagos e Londres. Kono worɓe ɗiɗo ɓee fof ceertii e hitaande 1894. Ɓooytaani Pearse fuɗɗii konte mum njulaagu to Calabar e Lagos, kadi o wonti ajennda sosiyetee njulaagu Afrik e Gold Coast. 

O waɗi jawdi ɗuuɗndi nder filu paltoor diga lesdi Old Calabar bana gooto nder ardiiɓe Naajeeriya ngam soodugo kuuje. O heɓi laana ndiwoowa mawka ko adii wolde adunaare adannde, o heɓi nafoore e luumo laana ndiwoowa keewngo ngalu ngu sosiyetee Elder Dempster ɓuri heewde e diiwaan hee. Caggal ɗuum o naati e njulaagu kaɓirɗe to leydi Benin, o ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e naatde e marsandiis. [1]

== Iwdiiji ==
Limtaa e iwdi Mr. Pearse ko jom njeenaari [[Nollywood]] biyeteeɗo [[Joke Silva]], taaniiko debbo. 

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      <text bytes="1324" sha1="c9iapkhkicxtq0qbly4lv2pxxu8pe6w" xml:space="preserve">Ernest Ibok Etim-Bassey (1926 – 6 ut 1998) ko sosiyaalist, jaayndiyanke, golloowo laamu e politik, jannguɗo jaayndeyaagal to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sehilaagal to Moscow, to Dental Sowiyet ɓooyngal. O joginoo ko tiitoonde aada Otu Ekong (Komandaajo wolde) to Efikland. O jibinaa ko to Ikoneto, e nder diiwaan Odukpani, to diiwaan Cross River, to leydi Najeriya, e hitaande 1926. O maayi ko to Calabar ñalnde 6 ut 1998, o wirnaa ko to Ikoneto ñalnde 25 ut 1998.

Kugal
Etim-Bassey woni hooreejo jaayndeeji gadano to suudu laamu, Calabar, e les njiimaandi guwerneer Uduokaha Esuene.

Etim-Bassey woni hooreejo, kawtal lesdi Cross River nder kawtal jaayndiyankooɓe Naajeeriya; hooreejo, Goomu Jam keeriiji diiwaan Cross River/Akwa Ibom; hooreejo, Fedde Remooɓe Dowla Cross River ; hooreejo, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e boksi leydi Najeriya, fedde diiwaan Cross River; Komiseriyaajo lesdi Naajeeriya ngam lesdi Cross River, Akwa Ibom, Abia, Bayelsa e lesdi Rivers; o woniino kadi tergal e Goomu ƴellitaare nokkuuji peewnugol petroŋ (OMPADEC).[citation needed]

Nguurndam neɗɗo
Etim-Bassey resi ko Ekanem Ene-Ndem Bassey (jibinaa ko Duke), gonnooɗo golloowo laamu leydi Nijeer, jaayndiyanke e dipolomaat, maayɗo e lewru mee 1998. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɗɗo gorko gooto, biyeteeɗo William Ernest Etim-Bassey.

Tuugnorgal</text>
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      <text bytes="1330" sha1="35ydy3zr7ct05cmwm7fpqtmes3k6zu6" xml:space="preserve">'''Ernest Ibok Etim-Bassey''' (1926 – 6 ut 1998) ko sosiyaalist, jaayndiyanke, golloowo laamu e politik, jannguɗo jaayndeyaagal to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sehilaagal to Moscow, to Dental Sowiyet ɓooyngal. O joginoo ko tiitoonde aada Otu Ekong (Komandaajo wolde) to Efikland. O jibinaa ko to Ikoneto, e nder diiwaan Odukpani, to diiwaan Cross River, to leydi Najeriya, e hitaande 1926. O maayi ko to Calabar ñalnde 6 ut 1998, o wirnaa ko to Ikoneto ñalnde 25 ut 1998.

Kugal
Etim-Bassey woni hooreejo jaayndeeji gadano to suudu laamu, Calabar, e les njiimaandi guwerneer Uduokaha Esuene.

Etim-Bassey woni hooreejo, kawtal lesdi Cross River nder kawtal jaayndiyankooɓe Naajeeriya; hooreejo, Goomu Jam keeriiji diiwaan Cross River/Akwa Ibom; hooreejo, Fedde Remooɓe Dowla Cross River ; hooreejo, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e boksi leydi Najeriya, fedde diiwaan Cross River; Komiseriyaajo lesdi Naajeeriya ngam lesdi Cross River, Akwa Ibom, Abia, Bayelsa e lesdi Rivers; o woniino kadi tergal e Goomu ƴellitaare nokkuuji peewnugol petroŋ (OMPADEC).[citation needed]

Nguurndam neɗɗo
Etim-Bassey resi ko Ekanem Ene-Ndem Bassey (jibinaa ko Duke), gonnooɗo golloowo laamu leydi Nijeer, jaayndiyanke e dipolomaat, maayɗo e lewru mee 1998. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɗɗo gorko gooto, biyeteeɗo William Ernest Etim-Bassey.

Tuugnorgal</text>
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      <text bytes="1348" sha1="rws0fazy4aopvjehhblwgs89gishwrk" xml:space="preserve">'''Ernest Ibok Etim-Bassey''' (1926 – 6 ut 1998) ko sosiyaalist, jaayndiyanke, golloowo laamu e politik, jannguɗo jaayndeyaagal to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sehilaagal to Moscow, to Dental Sowiyet ɓooyngal. O joginoo ko tiitoonde aada Otu Ekong (Komandaajo wolde) to Efikland. O jibinaa ko to Ikoneto, e nder diiwaan Odukpani, to diiwaan Cross River, to leydi Najeriya, e hitaande 1926. O maayi ko to Calabar ñalnde 6 ut 1998, o wirnaa ko to Ikoneto ñalnde 25 ut 1998.

== Kugal ==
Etim-Bassey woni hooreejo jaayndeeji gadano to suudu laamu, Calabar, e les njiimaandi guwerneer Uduokaha Esuene.

Etim-Bassey woni hooreejo, kawtal lesdi Cross River nder kawtal jaayndiyankooɓe Naajeeriya; hooreejo, Goomu Jam keeriiji diiwaan Cross River/Akwa Ibom; hooreejo, Fedde Remooɓe Dowla Cross River ; hooreejo, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e boksi leydi Najeriya, fedde diiwaan Cross River; Komiseriyaajo lesdi Naajeeriya ngam lesdi Cross River, Akwa Ibom, Abia, Bayelsa e lesdi Rivers; o woniino kadi tergal e Goomu ƴellitaare nokkuuji peewnugol petroŋ (OMPADEC).[citation needed]

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Etim-Bassey resi ko Ekanem Ene-Ndem Bassey (jibinaa ko Duke), gonnooɗo golloowo laamu leydi Nijeer, jaayndiyanke e dipolomaat, maayɗo e lewru mee 1998. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɗɗo gorko gooto, biyeteeɗo William Ernest Etim-Bassey.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <id>176699</id>
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        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
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      <text bytes="1622" sha1="2w9do52ym1zlqtf0hxcqisekh3pehxg" xml:space="preserve">'''Ernest Ibok Etim-Bassey''' (1926 – 6 ut 1998) ko sosiyaalist, jaayndiyanke, golloowo laamu e politik, jannguɗo jaayndeyaagal to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sehilaagal to Moscow, to Dental Sowiyet ɓooyngal. O joginoo ko tiitoonde aada Otu Ekong (Komandaajo wolde) to Efikland. O jibinaa ko to Ikoneto, e nder diiwaan Odukpani, to diiwaan Cross River, to leydi Najeriya, e hitaande 1926. O maayi ko to Calabar ñalnde 6 ut 1998, o wirnaa ko to Ikoneto ñalnde 25 ut 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Religion in Calabar: The Religious Life and History of a Nigerian Town|first=Rosalind I. J.|last=Hackettt|page=317|year=1989|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=9783110114812|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sZMGD7vbluYC&amp;q=ernest+etim+bassey}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kugal ==
Etim-Bassey woni hooreejo jaayndeeji gadano to suudu laamu, Calabar, e les njiimaandi guwerneer Uduokaha Esuene.

Etim-Bassey woni hooreejo, kawtal lesdi Cross River nder kawtal jaayndiyankooɓe Naajeeriya; hooreejo, Goomu Jam keeriiji diiwaan Cross River/Akwa Ibom; hooreejo, Fedde Remooɓe Dowla Cross River ; hooreejo, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e boksi leydi Najeriya, fedde diiwaan Cross River; Komiseriyaajo lesdi Naajeeriya ngam lesdi Cross River, Akwa Ibom, Abia, Bayelsa e lesdi Rivers; o woniino kadi tergal e Goomu ƴellitaare nokkuuji peewnugol petroŋ (OMPADEC).[citation needed]

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Etim-Bassey resi ko Ekanem Ene-Ndem Bassey (jibinaa ko Duke), gonnooɗo golloowo laamu leydi Nijeer, jaayndiyanke e dipolomaat, maayɗo e lewru mee 1998. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɗɗo gorko gooto, biyeteeɗo William Ernest Etim-Bassey.

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      <text bytes="204" sha1="4rm6k06rg0liu0f84l04v1sgzq1q7n2" xml:space="preserve">Etang Edet Umoyo ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o laati senateer wakiiliijo diiwal Akwa Ibom fombina wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya. O maayi ko e lewru feebariyee 2021 e duuɓi 5 e duuɓi 71.

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Etang Edet Umoyo ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o laati senateer wakiiliijo diiwal Akwa Ibom fombina wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya. O maayi ko e lewru feebariyee 2021 e duuɓi 5 e duuɓi 71.

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'''Etang Edet Umoyo''' ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o laati senateer wakiiliijo diiwal Akwa Ibom fombina wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya. O maayi ko e lewru feebariyee 2021 e duuɓi 5 e duuɓi 71.

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'''Etang Edet Umoyo''' ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o laati senateer wakiiliijo diiwal Akwa Ibom fombina wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya. O maayi ko e lewru feebariyee 2021 e duuɓi 5 e duuɓi 71.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Former Akwa Ibom senator dies at 71|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/south-south-regional/443008-former-akwa-ibom-senator-dies-at-71.html|access-date=2025-02-03|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=adefaye|date=2012-02-13|title=Our case for power shift in Akwa Ibom - Sen Umoyo|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/02/our-case-for-power-shift-in-akwa-ibom-sen-umoyo/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-02-03|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Richard|date=2021-02-16|title=Ex-Lawmaker, Etang Umoyo Dies At 71|url=https://www.naijanews.com/2021/02/16/ex-lawmaker-etang-umoyo-dies-at-71/|access-date=2025-02-03|newspaper=[[Naija News]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="523" sha1="g8ubaqaesda7qm6ld4izxooqicfz2rn" xml:space="preserve">Doggol Saharaa ko filmo 2007 mo Ray Zahab, Charlie Engle e Kevin Lin njiɗnoo dogde e jeereende Saharaa fof . Ɓe njahii fotde 6920 kiloomeeteer, ɓe njottii maayo geec ñalnde 20 feebariyee 2007.

Pewjanɗe ɗee ko Marc Joubert, Keith Quinn, Larry Tanz e gardo James Moll mbaɗi filmo oo e nokkuuji e nder [[Afrik]] e nder leyɗeele jeegom : [[Senegaal]], [[Muritani|Moritani]], [[Maali|Mali]], [[Niiser|Niiseer]], [[Libiya|Libi]], [[Misra|Ejipt]] . Prepare2go.com wallitii gollotooɓe e filmo oo e logistique e nder kala.</text>
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Doggol Saharaa ko filmo 2007 mo Ray Zahab, Charlie Engle e Kevin Lin njiɗnoo dogde e jeereende Saharaa fof . Ɓe njahii fotde 6920 kiloomeeteer, ɓe njottii maayo geec ñalnde 20 feebariyee 2007.

Pewjanɗe ɗee ko Marc Joubert, Keith Quinn, Larry Tanz e gardo James Moll mbaɗi filmo oo e nokkuuji e nder [[Afrik]] e nder leyɗeele jeegom : [[Senegaal]], [[Muritani|Moritani]], [[Maali|Mali]], [[Niiser|Niiseer]], [[Libiya|Libi]], [[Misra|Ejipt]] . Prepare2go.com wallitii gollotooɓe e filmo oo e logistique e nder kala.</text>
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Doggol Saharaa ko filmo 2007 mo Ray Zahab, Charlie Engle e Kevin Lin njiɗnoo dogde e jeereende Saharaa fof . Ɓe njahii fotde 6920 kiloomeeteer, ɓe njottii maayo geec ñalnde 20 feebariyee 2007.

Pewjanɗe ɗee ko Marc Joubert, Keith Quinn, Larry Tanz e gardo James Moll mbaɗi filmo oo e nokkuuji e nder [[Afrik]] e nder leyɗeele jeegom : [[Senegaal]], [[Muritani|Moritani]], [[Maali|Mali]], [[Niiser|Niiseer]], [[Libiya|Libi]], [[Misra|Ejipt]] . Prepare2go.com wallitii gollotooɓe e filmo oo e logistique e nder kala.

== Tunorngal ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Donald Charles Cameron (gardiiɗo koloñaal)</title>
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'''Sir Donald Sarles Kameron''', GCMG , 1999 . KBE (3 suwee 1872 – 8 lewru mbooy 1948) ko guwerneer koloñaal Angalteer. Ko kanko woni guwerneer ɗiɗaɓo e mandat Angalteer to Tanganyika, caggal ɗuum o woni guwerneer [[Naajeeriya|Niiseer]] .

== Nguurndam ==
Cameron jibinaa ko ñalnde 3 suwee 1872 to Gine Angalteer (Giyana hannde), ɓiy jom suukara biyeteeɗo Donald Charles Cameron e Mary Emily (jibinaa ko Brassington). O naati duɗal Rathmines to Dublin, o meeɗaa yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. E hitaande 1890, o arti e leydi Guyana Biritanik, o fuɗɗii golle makko e nder departemaa Inland Revenue to sarwisaaji laamu. E hitaande 1904, Cameron yahi Moritani ngam wonde balloowo jaagorgal koloñaal e gardagol Sir Cavendish Boyle . O ummiima to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e hitaande 1908, o woniino binndoowo hakkundeejo e les njiimaandi Sir Frederick Lugard . O wonti ko miijooji Lugard jowitiiɗi e laamu nguu .

E lewru abriil 1925, Cameron wonti guwerneer ɗiɗaɓo e laamu Angalteer to Tanganyika, o ƴetti laamu e juuɗe John Scott, gardinooɗo guwerneer Sir Horace Byatt .  E hitaande 1926, Sir Edward Grigg mo wonnoo e oon sahaa guwerneer leydi Keñiya Angalteer, noddii batu to [[Nairobi]] ngam yeewtidde e dental ɓurngal ɓadaade hakkunde leyɗeele Angalteer fuɗnaange Afrik, hono Keñiya, Uganndaa e Tanganyika, ɗe Sir William Frederick Gowers mo Uganndaa wallitnoo haa timmi. Kono Guwerneer Donald Charles Cameron mo Tanganyika saliima ɗum no feewi, sibu o miijii ko ɗum tooñannge wonande Afriknaaɓe. Caggal nde dipolomasi juutɗo seeɗa yah-ngartaa, guwerneer Cameron foolii e daranaade wonde hay leydi gooto e nder Tanganyika ƴettataa e juuɗe Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, rokketee koɗdiiɗo ɓaleejo.  Tuggi 1931 haa 1935 o woni guwerneer e hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] .  Cameron kadi luurdii e Grigg e haala doosgal haɗde won e golle pinal ko wayi no taƴgol debbo. To leydi Keñiya, Grigg etinooma huutoraade doole ngam « ittude golle ɗee », e bayyinde ɗum ko huunde nde rewaani laawol, e nanngude kala gorko tawaaɗo waɗi ɗum. Cameron jaɓaani ngool laawol, o miijii wonde « juuɗe teeŋtuɗe » ina « ustoo », tee Biritaan en ina poti etaade waawnude yimɓe yo ngoppu ɗeen golle. E nder ndeeɗoo tonngoode Cameron wiyi &quot;waktu e muñal mawngal ina njiɗaa e faamde wonde etaade doole e haɗde ɗum en, ina gasa tawa ina addana en ustude pinal men e diine men e yiɗde salaade ballal men...&quot; 

=== Nguurndam neɗɗo ===
E hitaande 1903, Cameron resi Gertrude Gittens, ɓiy jom suukara to Barbados . Ɓe ndañi ɓiɗɗo gorko gooto maayɗo e aksidaa laana ndiwoowa e nder geec e hitaande 1941. Donald Cameron woppi golle e hitaande 1935, o maayi ñalnde 8 lewru Yarkomaa 1948 to Londres, omo yahra e duuɓi 75. 

== Bibliyogaraafi ==

*  
*  

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'''Sir Donald Sarles Kameron''', GCMG , 1999 . KBE (3 suwee 1872 – 8 lewru mbooy 1948) ko guwerneer koloñaal Angalteer. Ko kanko woni guwerneer ɗiɗaɓo e mandat Angalteer to Tanganyika, caggal ɗuum o woni guwerneer [[Naajeeriya|Niiseer]].&lt;ref&gt;Furley, Oliver (2004). &quot;Cameron, Sir Donald Charles (1872–1948)&quot;. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32257. Retrieved 31 March 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam ==
Cameron jibinaa ko ñalnde 3 suwee 1872 to Gine Angalteer (Giyana hannde), ɓiy jom suukara biyeteeɗo Donald Charles Cameron e Mary Emily (jibinaa ko Brassington). O naati duɗal Rathmines to Dublin, o meeɗaa yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. E hitaande 1890, o arti e leydi Guyana Biritanik, o fuɗɗii golle makko e nder departemaa Inland Revenue to sarwisaaji laamu. E hitaande 1904, Cameron yahi Moritani ngam wonde balloowo jaagorgal koloñaal e gardagol Sir Cavendish Boyle . O ummiima to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e hitaande 1908, o woniino binndoowo hakkundeejo e les njiimaandi Sir Frederick Lugard . O wonti ko miijooji Lugard jowitiiɗi e laamu nguu .

E lewru abriil 1925, Cameron wonti guwerneer ɗiɗaɓo e laamu Angalteer to Tanganyika, o ƴetti laamu e juuɗe John Scott, gardinooɗo guwerneer Sir Horace Byatt .  E hitaande 1926, Sir Edward Grigg mo wonnoo e oon sahaa guwerneer leydi Keñiya Angalteer, noddii batu to [[Nairobi]] ngam yeewtidde e dental ɓurngal ɓadaade hakkunde leyɗeele Angalteer fuɗnaange Afrik, hono Keñiya, Uganndaa e Tanganyika, ɗe Sir William Frederick Gowers mo Uganndaa wallitnoo haa timmi. Kono Guwerneer Donald Charles Cameron mo Tanganyika saliima ɗum no feewi, sibu o miijii ko ɗum tooñannge wonande Afriknaaɓe. Caggal nde dipolomasi juutɗo seeɗa yah-ngartaa, guwerneer Cameron foolii e daranaade wonde hay leydi gooto e nder Tanganyika ƴettataa e juuɗe Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, rokketee koɗdiiɗo ɓaleejo.  Tuggi 1931 haa 1935 o woni guwerneer e hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] .  Cameron kadi luurdii e Grigg e haala doosgal haɗde won e golle pinal ko wayi no taƴgol debbo. To leydi Keñiya, Grigg etinooma huutoraade doole ngam « ittude golle ɗee », e bayyinde ɗum ko huunde nde rewaani laawol, e nanngude kala gorko tawaaɗo waɗi ɗum. Cameron jaɓaani ngool laawol, o miijii wonde « juuɗe teeŋtuɗe » ina « ustoo », tee Biritaan en ina poti etaade waawnude yimɓe yo ngoppu ɗeen golle. E nder ndeeɗoo tonngoode Cameron wiyi &quot;waktu e muñal mawngal ina njiɗaa e faamde wonde etaade doole e haɗde ɗum en, ina gasa tawa ina addana en ustude pinal men e diine men e yiɗde salaade ballal men...&quot; 

=== Nguurndam neɗɗo ===
E hitaande 1903, Cameron resi Gertrude Gittens, ɓiy jom suukara to Barbados . Ɓe ndañi ɓiɗɗo gorko gooto maayɗo e aksidaa laana ndiwoowa e nder geec e hitaande 1941. Donald Cameron woppi golle e hitaande 1935, o maayi ñalnde 8 lewru Yarkomaa 1948 to Londres, omo yahra e duuɓi 75. 

== Bibliyogaraafi ==

*  
*  

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Sir Donald Sarles Kameron''', GCMG , 1999 . KBE (3 suwee 1872 – 8 lewru mbooy 1948) ko guwerneer koloñaal Angalteer. Ko kanko woni guwerneer ɗiɗaɓo e mandat Angalteer to Tanganyika, caggal ɗuum o woni guwerneer [[Naajeeriya|Niiseer]].&lt;ref&gt;Furley, Oliver (2004). &quot;Cameron, Sir Donald Charles (1872–1948)&quot;. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32257. Retrieved 31 March 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam ==
Cameron jibinaa ko ñalnde 3 suwee 1872 to Gine Angalteer (Giyana hannde), ɓiy jom suukara biyeteeɗo Donald Charles Cameron e Mary Emily (jibinaa ko Brassington). O naati duɗal Rathmines to Dublin, o meeɗaa yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. E hitaande 1890, o arti e leydi Guyana Biritanik, o fuɗɗii golle makko e nder departemaa Inland Revenue to sarwisaaji laamu. E hitaande 1904, Cameron yahi Moritani ngam wonde balloowo jaagorgal koloñaal e gardagol Sir Cavendish Boyle . O ummiima to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e hitaande 1908, o woniino binndoowo hakkundeejo e les njiimaandi Sir Frederick Lugard . O wonti ko miijooji Lugard jowitiiɗi e laamu nguu .

E lewru abriil 1925, Cameron wonti guwerneer ɗiɗaɓo e laamu Angalteer to Tanganyika, o ƴetti laamu e juuɗe John Scott, gardinooɗo guwerneer Sir Horace Byatt .  E hitaande 1926, Sir Edward Grigg mo wonnoo e oon sahaa guwerneer leydi Keñiya Angalteer, noddii batu to [[Nairobi]] ngam yeewtidde e dental ɓurngal ɓadaade hakkunde leyɗeele Angalteer fuɗnaange Afrik, hono Keñiya, Uganndaa e Tanganyika, ɗe Sir William Frederick Gowers mo Uganndaa wallitnoo haa timmi. Kono Guwerneer Donald Charles Cameron mo Tanganyika saliima ɗum no feewi, sibu o miijii ko ɗum tooñannge wonande Afriknaaɓe. Caggal nde dipolomasi juutɗo seeɗa yah-ngartaa, guwerneer Cameron foolii e daranaade wonde hay leydi gooto e nder Tanganyika ƴettataa e juuɗe Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, rokketee koɗdiiɗo ɓaleejo.  Tuggi 1931 haa 1935 o woni guwerneer e hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] .  Cameron kadi luurdii e Grigg e haala doosgal haɗde won e golle pinal ko wayi no taƴgol debbo. To leydi Keñiya, Grigg etinooma huutoraade doole ngam « ittude golle ɗee », e bayyinde ɗum ko huunde nde rewaani laawol, e nanngude kala gorko tawaaɗo waɗi ɗum. Cameron jaɓaani ngool laawol, o miijii wonde « juuɗe teeŋtuɗe » ina « ustoo », tee Biritaan en ina poti etaade waawnude yimɓe yo ngoppu ɗeen golle. E nder ndeeɗoo tonngoode Cameron wiyi &quot;waktu e muñal mawngal ina njiɗaa e faamde wonde etaade doole e haɗde ɗum en, ina gasa tawa ina addana en ustude pinal men e diine men e yiɗde salaade ballal men...&quot; 

=== Nguurndam neɗɗo ===
E hitaande 1903, Cameron resi Gertrude Gittens, ɓiy jom suukara to Barbados . Ɓe ndañi ɓiɗɗo gorko gooto maayɗo e aksidaa laana ndiwoowa e nder geec e hitaande 1941. Donald Cameron woppi golle e hitaande 1935, o maayi ñalnde 8 lewru Yarkomaa 1948 to Londres, omo yahra e duuɓi 75. 

== Bibliyogaraafi ==

*  
*  

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <title>Wiliyam Makgregor</title>
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'''Sir Wiliyam Makgregor''', GCMG, 1999 , CB , AM , PC , FRSGS (20 oktoobar 1846 – 3 sulyee 1919)  ko gardiiɗo koloñaal Ecoppinaaɓe wonnooɗo Lietnaa-Guwerneer Gine Biritaan, [[Koloni Lagos|Guwerneer Koloni Lagos]], Guwerneer Newfoundland e Guwerneer Queensland .

== Nguurndam gadano ==
MacGregor jibinaa ko to wuro wiyeteengo Hillockhead, parwisaaji Towie, to Ecoppi, ko ɓiy mawɗo John MacGregor, jom jawdi en, e debbo mum Agnes, ɓiy William Smith mo Pitprone.  MacGregor janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Strathmore,  caggal ɗuum o woni jannginoowo to Tillyduke , o golliima e nder ngesa. &lt;ref name=&quot;adb&quot; /&gt; E hirjinde jannginoowo makko e doktoor nokku oo gannduɗo mbaawka MacGregor, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Aberdeen e lewru abriil 1866, o winnditii e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Aberdeen e lewru oktoobar 1867. O heɓi kadi MB e CM to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Macgordeen e hitaande 1872, o janngi kadi e hitaande 1872 Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Anderson ( LFPS ) e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh (LRCP). Ndeen MacGregor wontii balloowo safrooɓe to suudu safrirdu laamɗo, to Aberdeen . &lt;ref name=&quot;adb&quot; /&gt;

== Golle safaara ==
E lewru feebariyee 1873 MacGregor wonti balloowo safrooɓe to Senegaal, e hitaande 1874 o toɗɗaa hoɗɓe e opitaal e gardotooɗo asilo lunatik to Moritani . Ɗum addani mo wonde e les njiimaandi Sir Arthur Gordon mo wonnoo guwerneer duunde ndee e oon sahaa, e nde Gordon artiraa Fiyi e hitaande 1875, o heɓi golle MacGregor ngam wonde mawɗo safrooɓe Fiyi. Ko ɗoon o fotnoo haɓtaade rafi kulɓiniiɗo biyeteeɗo mboros oo, baɗnooɗo maayde 50 000 jeyaaɗo e leydi ndii. E hitaande 1877 o waɗtaa jaɓɓotooɗo mawɗo, caggal ɗuum o ɓeydaa heen birooji goɗɗi keewɗi, haa arti noon e binnditagol koloñaal. Ko ɓuri laawol gootol o woniino guwerneer, o woniino kadi komisariyaajo mawɗo e konsul mawɗo to bannge worgo Pasifik.

E hitaande 1884 laana ''Syria'', wondude e cooli feewde Fiyi, dogi haa maayo fotde 15 miles (24 km) ummoraade Suva . Doktoor MacGregor yuɓɓinii njillu ngam wallitde, kanko e hoore makko o hisni nguurndam keewɗam ; ciimtol makko ngol haalaani golle makko, kono ɗe mbaawaano suuɗde, o rokkaama njeenaari Albert, e njeenaari kaŋŋe Clarke ndi fedde wiyeteende Royal Humane Society to Ostarali ngam hisnude nguurndam e nder geec. E lewru Yarkomaa 1886 o lomtii leydi Fiyi e batu fedde fedde Ostarali yuɓɓinaangu to Hobart ..

== Njuɓɓudi e guwerneer ==
MacGregor siforaama wonde « neɗɗo laaɓɗo cer, diisnondirɗo, cuusɗo ».  Ko o ganndo ɗemngal, MacGregor ina haalda e ɗemngal Itaali, Farayse, e Almaañ ;  e sahaa gooto nde o wondunoo e Arɗo Otiris biyeteeɗo Ferdinand (1863–1914) e nder Teritori Papouasie, o firti gila e ofisee Almaañnaajo haa e coodoowo Itaalinaajo e dow yamiroore defde wallaby . &lt;ref name=&quot;DailyMail1919&quot; /&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Sir Wiliyam Makgregor''', GCMG, 1999 , CB , AM , PC , FRSGS (20 oktoobar 1846 – 3 sulyee 1919)  ko gardiiɗo koloñaal Ecoppinaaɓe wonnooɗo Lietnaa-Guwerneer Gine Biritaan, [[Koloni Lagos|Guwerneer Koloni Lagos]], Guwerneer Newfoundland e Guwerneer Queensland .

== Nguurndam gadano ==
MacGregor jibinaa ko to wuro wiyeteengo Hillockhead, parwisaaji Towie, to Ecoppi, ko ɓiy mawɗo John MacGregor, jom jawdi en, e debbo mum Agnes, ɓiy William Smith mo Pitprone.  MacGregor janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Strathmore,  caggal ɗuum o woni jannginoowo to Tillyduke , o golliima e nder ngesa. &lt;ref name=&quot;adb&quot; /&gt; E hirjinde jannginoowo makko e doktoor nokku oo gannduɗo mbaawka MacGregor, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Aberdeen e lewru abriil 1866, o winnditii e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Aberdeen e lewru oktoobar 1867. O heɓi kadi MB e CM to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Macgordeen e hitaande 1872, o janngi kadi e hitaande 1872 Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Anderson ( LFPS ) e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh (LRCP). Ndeen MacGregor wontii balloowo safrooɓe to suudu safrirdu laamɗo, to Aberdeen . &lt;ref name=&quot;adb&quot; /&gt;

== Golle safaara ==
E lewru feebariyee 1873 MacGregor wonti balloowo safrooɓe to Senegaal, e hitaande 1874 o toɗɗaa hoɗɓe e opitaal e gardotooɗo asilo lunatik to Moritani . Ɗum addani mo wonde e les njiimaandi Sir Arthur Gordon mo wonnoo guwerneer duunde ndee e oon sahaa, e nde Gordon artiraa Fiyi e hitaande 1875, o heɓi golle MacGregor ngam wonde mawɗo safrooɓe Fiyi. Ko ɗoon o fotnoo haɓtaade rafi kulɓiniiɗo biyeteeɗo mboros oo, baɗnooɗo maayde 50 000 jeyaaɗo e leydi ndii. E hitaande 1877 o waɗtaa jaɓɓotooɗo mawɗo, caggal ɗuum o ɓeydaa heen birooji goɗɗi keewɗi, haa arti noon e binnditagol koloñaal. Ko ɓuri laawol gootol o woniino guwerneer, o woniino kadi komisariyaajo mawɗo e konsul mawɗo to bannge worgo Pasifik.

E hitaande 1884 laana ''Syria'', wondude e cooli feewde Fiyi, dogi haa maayo fotde 15 miles (24 km) ummoraade Suva . Doktoor MacGregor yuɓɓinii njillu ngam wallitde, kanko e hoore makko o hisni nguurndam keewɗam ; ciimtol makko ngol haalaani golle makko, kono ɗe mbaawaano suuɗde, o rokkaama njeenaari Albert, e njeenaari kaŋŋe Clarke ndi fedde wiyeteende Royal Humane Society to Ostarali ngam hisnude nguurndam e nder geec. E lewru Yarkomaa 1886 o lomtii leydi Fiyi e batu fedde fedde Ostarali yuɓɓinaangu to Hobart ..

== Njuɓɓudi e guwerneer ==
MacGregor siforaama wonde « neɗɗo laaɓɗo cer, diisnondirɗo, cuusɗo ».  Ko o ganndo ɗemngal, MacGregor ina haalda e ɗemngal Itaali, Farayse, e Almaañ ;  e sahaa gooto nde o wondunoo e Arɗo Otiris biyeteeɗo Ferdinand (1863–1914) e nder Teritori Papouasie, o firti gila e ofisee Almaañnaajo haa e coodoowo Itaalinaajo e dow yamiroore defde wallaby . &lt;ref name=&quot;DailyMail1919&quot; /&gt;

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    <title>Ladde Mellah</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Lake Mellah''' ko maayo ndiyam lamɗam, tawaango e nder keeri nokku biyeteeɗo El Kala e nder diiwaan El Taref, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku keewɗo faayiida e fawaade e nanondiral Ramsar ñalnde 12 suwee 2004.  == Yiyngo == Lake Mellah ko maayo salteende jokkondirngo e maayo rewrude e weendu ɓuuɓndu rewrude e ŋoral ŋoral ko ina tolnoo e 900 meeter. Nde woni ko e nder diiwaan hakkundeejo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala National Park, tawi ina waɗi maayooji ɗi...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2291" sha1="jucnhvxjdfuap1cdmi56gwa13v60omw" xml:space="preserve">'''Lake Mellah''' ko maayo ndiyam lamɗam, tawaango e nder keeri nokku biyeteeɗo El Kala e nder diiwaan El Taref, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku keewɗo faayiida e fawaade e nanondiral Ramsar ñalnde 12 suwee 2004.

== Yiyngo ==
Lake Mellah ko maayo salteende jokkondirngo e maayo rewrude e weendu ɓuuɓndu rewrude e ŋoral ŋoral ko ina tolnoo e 900 meeter. Nde woni ko e nder diiwaan hakkundeejo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala National Park, tawi ina waɗi maayooji ɗiɗi ɓeydaaɗi e ndiyam laaɓɗam, woni maayo Tonga e maayo Oubeira. Ɗeeɗoo maayooji tati toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi baɗɗi faayiida e nder winndere ndee e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.[1]

Leydi ndii woni ko hakkunde wuro ɓurngo fuɗnaange-rewo El-Kala e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 2 257 ektaar, luggiɗde mayre ko meeteruuji 3, luggiɗnde mayre ɓurnde heewde ko meeteruuji 6.[2]

Ko jiidaa e maayo ngoo e hoore mum, nokku oo ina hawra e maayo tokooso ɓuuɓngo e ŋoral tokosal ndiyam laaɓɗam, ɗam toɓo e ndiyam les ɗam ñamlata, ɗam taarotoo ko seto duuɗe.[3][4]

== Wakati ==
Kiliimaaji ɗii ina limtee e Mediteraane, tawi nguleeki mum en ina tolnoo e 18,9 degere Celsius hitaande kala. Duuɓi yooro, ɗi njuuteendi mum en ko lebbi nay, ina teskaa e nguleeki ɓurki famɗude e lewru Yarkomaa, nguleeki ɓurtuki e lewru Ut. Diiwaan oo ina heɓa toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e ndunngu e ndunngu, tawi toɓooli ɓurɗi famɗude ɗii ina keɓa e ndunngu. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 milimeeteer.[5]

== Keewceeral nguurndam ==
Leydi ndii ina waɗi jolngo wonande nguurndam nguurndam sabu mbayliigu maggu ɗiɗaɓuru e diƴƴe taariiɗe ɗum ɗee e geec rewrude e kanndaa. Delta oo ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njooɗii ko wayi no Salicornia e Juncus.[6]

Salinirde mawnde e nder maayo ngoo ina addana nguurndam fitoplankton, zooplankton, e liɗɗi, kadi ina waɗi nokku ɗo liɗɗi njibinaa ko wayi no wolde worgo, Sole, porgy Salema, e steenbras njaareendi.[7]

Yanti heen, nokku oo ina heewi tawtoreede kullon ladde e kullon ladde, tawi ina njiyloo keewal nokkuuji nguura. Ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe nguurdata, ina heen ƴiye mawɗe, ƴiye mawɗe, e ƴiye tufted. Yimɓe nokku oo ina mbaɗa ndema njuumri.[8]

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'''Lake Mellah''' ko maayo ndiyam lamɗam, tawaango e nder keeri nokku biyeteeɗo El Kala e nder diiwaan El Taref, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku keewɗo faayiida e fawaade e nanondiral Ramsar ñalnde 12 suwee 2004.

== Yiyngo ==
Lake Mellah ko maayo salteende jokkondirngo e maayo rewrude e weendu ɓuuɓndu rewrude e ŋoral ŋoral ko ina tolnoo e 900 meeter. Nde woni ko e nder diiwaan hakkundeejo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala National Park, tawi ina waɗi maayooji ɗiɗi ɓeydaaɗi e ndiyam laaɓɗam, woni maayo Tonga e maayo Oubeira. Ɗeeɗoo maayooji tati toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi baɗɗi faayiida e nder winndere ndee e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.[1]

Leydi ndii woni ko hakkunde wuro ɓurngo fuɗnaange-rewo El-Kala e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 2 257 ektaar, luggiɗde mayre ko meeteruuji 3, luggiɗnde mayre ɓurnde heewde ko meeteruuji 6.[2]

Ko jiidaa e maayo ngoo e hoore mum, nokku oo ina hawra e maayo tokooso ɓuuɓngo e ŋoral tokosal ndiyam laaɓɗam, ɗam toɓo e ndiyam les ɗam ñamlata, ɗam taarotoo ko seto duuɗe.[3][4]

== Wakati ==
Kiliimaaji ɗii ina limtee e Mediteraane, tawi nguleeki mum en ina tolnoo e 18,9 degere Celsius hitaande kala. Duuɓi yooro, ɗi njuuteendi mum en ko lebbi nay, ina teskaa e nguleeki ɓurki famɗude e lewru Yarkomaa, nguleeki ɓurtuki e lewru Ut. Diiwaan oo ina heɓa toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e ndunngu e ndunngu, tawi toɓooli ɓurɗi famɗude ɗii ina keɓa e ndunngu. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 milimeeteer.[5]

== Keewceeral nguurndam ==
Leydi ndii ina waɗi jolngo wonande nguurndam nguurndam sabu mbayliigu maggu ɗiɗaɓuru e diƴƴe taariiɗe ɗum ɗee e geec rewrude e kanndaa. Delta oo ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njooɗii ko wayi no Salicornia e Juncus.[6]

Salinirde mawnde e nder maayo ngoo ina addana nguurndam fitoplankton, zooplankton, e liɗɗi, kadi ina waɗi nokku ɗo liɗɗi njibinaa ko wayi no wolde worgo, Sole, porgy Salema, e steenbras njaareendi.[7]

Yanti heen, nokku oo ina heewi tawtoreede kullon ladde e kullon ladde, tawi ina njiyloo keewal nokkuuji nguura. Ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe nguurdata, ina heen ƴiye mawɗe, ƴiye mawɗe, e ƴiye tufted. Yimɓe nokku oo ina mbaɗa ndema njuumri.[8]

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'''Lake Mellah''' ko maayo ndiyam lamɗam, tawaango e nder keeri nokku biyeteeɗo El Kala e nder diiwaan El Taref, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku keewɗo faayiida e fawaade e nanondiral Ramsar ñalnde 12 suwee 2004.

== Yiyngo ==
Lake Mellah ko maayo salteende jokkondirngo e maayo rewrude e weendu ɓuuɓndu rewrude e ŋoral ŋoral ko ina tolnoo e 900 meeter. Nde woni ko e nder diiwaan hakkundeejo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala National Park, tawi ina waɗi maayooji ɗiɗi ɓeydaaɗi e ndiyam laaɓɗam, woni maayo Tonga e maayo Oubeira. Ɗeeɗoo maayooji tati toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi baɗɗi faayiida e nder winndere ndee e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.&lt;ref&gt;Marc Côte (1996). Guide d'Algérie. Algérie: Média-Plus. p. 211-212. ISBN 9961-922-00-X&lt;/ref&gt;

Leydi ndii woni ko hakkunde wuro ɓurngo fuɗnaange-rewo El-Kala e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 2 257 ektaar, luggiɗde mayre ko meeteruuji 3, luggiɗnde mayre ɓurnde heewde ko meeteruuji 6.[2]

Ko jiidaa e maayo ngoo e hoore mum, nokku oo ina hawra e maayo tokooso ɓuuɓngo e ŋoral tokosal ndiyam laaɓɗam, ɗam toɓo e ndiyam les ɗam ñamlata, ɗam taarotoo ko seto duuɗe.[3][4]

== Wakati ==
Kiliimaaji ɗii ina limtee e Mediteraane, tawi nguleeki mum en ina tolnoo e 18,9 degere Celsius hitaande kala. Duuɓi yooro, ɗi njuuteendi mum en ko lebbi nay, ina teskaa e nguleeki ɓurki famɗude e lewru Yarkomaa, nguleeki ɓurtuki e lewru Ut. Diiwaan oo ina heɓa toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e ndunngu e ndunngu, tawi toɓooli ɓurɗi famɗude ɗii ina keɓa e ndunngu. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 milimeeteer.[5]

== Keewceeral nguurndam ==
Leydi ndii ina waɗi jolngo wonande nguurndam nguurndam sabu mbayliigu maggu ɗiɗaɓuru e diƴƴe taariiɗe ɗum ɗee e geec rewrude e kanndaa. Delta oo ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njooɗii ko wayi no Salicornia e Juncus.[6]

Salinirde mawnde e nder maayo ngoo ina addana nguurndam fitoplankton, zooplankton, e liɗɗi, kadi ina waɗi nokku ɗo liɗɗi njibinaa ko wayi no wolde worgo, Sole, porgy Salema, e steenbras njaareendi.[7]

Yanti heen, nokku oo ina heewi tawtoreede kullon ladde e kullon ladde, tawi ina njiyloo keewal nokkuuji nguura. Ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe nguurdata, ina heen ƴiye mawɗe, ƴiye mawɗe, e ƴiye tufted. Yimɓe nokku oo ina mbaɗa ndema njuumri.[8]

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'''Lake Mellah''' ko maayo ndiyam lamɗam, tawaango e nder keeri nokku biyeteeɗo El Kala e nder diiwaan El Taref, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku keewɗo faayiida e fawaade e nanondiral Ramsar ñalnde 12 suwee 2004.

== Yiyngo ==
Lake Mellah ko maayo salteende jokkondirngo e maayo rewrude e weendu ɓuuɓndu rewrude e ŋoral ŋoral ko ina tolnoo e 900 meeter. Nde woni ko e nder diiwaan hakkundeejo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala National Park, tawi ina waɗi maayooji ɗiɗi ɓeydaaɗi e ndiyam laaɓɗam, woni maayo Tonga e maayo Oubeira. Ɗeeɗoo maayooji tati toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi baɗɗi faayiida e nder winndere ndee e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.&lt;ref&gt;Marc Côte (1996). Guide d'Algérie. Algérie: Média-Plus. p. 211-212. ISBN 9961-922-00-X&lt;/ref&gt;

Leydi ndii woni ko hakkunde wuro ɓurngo fuɗnaange-rewo El-Kala e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 2 257 ektaar, luggiɗde mayre ko meeteruuji 3, luggiɗnde mayre ɓurnde heewde ko meeteruuji 6.&lt;ref&gt;Djebar, A. b; Messerer, Y.; Tandjir, L.; Bensouilah, M. (31 Dec 2003). &quot;EQUILIBRES HYDROLOGIQUES DU LAC MELLAH (COMPLEXE LACUSTRE D'EL KALA)&quot;. Sciences &amp; technologie. C, Biotechnologies (20): 15–20. ISSN:2602-7798. Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved &lt;/ref&gt;

Ko jiidaa e maayo ngoo e hoore mum, nokku oo ina hawra e maayo tokooso ɓuuɓngo e ŋoral tokosal ndiyam laaɓɗam, ɗam toɓo e ndiyam les ɗam ñamlata, ɗam taarotoo ko seto duuɗe.[3][4]

== Wakati ==
Kiliimaaji ɗii ina limtee e Mediteraane, tawi nguleeki mum en ina tolnoo e 18,9 degere Celsius hitaande kala. Duuɓi yooro, ɗi njuuteendi mum en ko lebbi nay, ina teskaa e nguleeki ɓurki famɗude e lewru Yarkomaa, nguleeki ɓurtuki e lewru Ut. Diiwaan oo ina heɓa toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e ndunngu e ndunngu, tawi toɓooli ɓurɗi famɗude ɗii ina keɓa e ndunngu. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 milimeeteer.[5]

== Keewceeral nguurndam ==
Leydi ndii ina waɗi jolngo wonande nguurndam nguurndam sabu mbayliigu maggu ɗiɗaɓuru e diƴƴe taariiɗe ɗum ɗee e geec rewrude e kanndaa. Delta oo ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njooɗii ko wayi no Salicornia e Juncus.[6]

Salinirde mawnde e nder maayo ngoo ina addana nguurndam fitoplankton, zooplankton, e liɗɗi, kadi ina waɗi nokku ɗo liɗɗi njibinaa ko wayi no wolde worgo, Sole, porgy Salema, e steenbras njaareendi.[7]

Yanti heen, nokku oo ina heewi tawtoreede kullon ladde e kullon ladde, tawi ina njiyloo keewal nokkuuji nguura. Ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe nguurdata, ina heen ƴiye mawɗe, ƴiye mawɗe, e ƴiye tufted. Yimɓe nokku oo ina mbaɗa ndema njuumri.[8]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Lake Mellah''' ko maayo ndiyam lamɗam, tawaango e nder keeri nokku biyeteeɗo El Kala e nder diiwaan El Taref, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku keewɗo faayiida e fawaade e nanondiral Ramsar ñalnde 12 suwee 2004.

== Yiyngo ==
Lake Mellah ko maayo salteende jokkondirngo e maayo rewrude e weendu ɓuuɓndu rewrude e ŋoral ŋoral ko ina tolnoo e 900 meeter. Nde woni ko e nder diiwaan hakkundeejo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala National Park, tawi ina waɗi maayooji ɗiɗi ɓeydaaɗi e ndiyam laaɓɗam, woni maayo Tonga e maayo Oubeira. Ɗeeɗoo maayooji tati toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi baɗɗi faayiida e nder winndere ndee e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.&lt;ref&gt;Marc Côte (1996). Guide d'Algérie. Algérie: Média-Plus. p. 211-212. ISBN 9961-922-00-X&lt;/ref&gt;

Leydi ndii woni ko hakkunde wuro ɓurngo fuɗnaange-rewo El-Kala e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 2 257 ektaar, luggiɗde mayre ko meeteruuji 3, luggiɗnde mayre ɓurnde heewde ko meeteruuji 6.&lt;ref&gt;Djebar, A. b; Messerer, Y.; Tandjir, L.; Bensouilah, M. (31 Dec 2003). &quot;EQUILIBRES HYDROLOGIQUES DU LAC MELLAH (COMPLEXE LACUSTRE D'EL KALA)&quot;. Sciences &amp; technologie. C, Biotechnologies (20): 15–20. ISSN:2602-7798. Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved &lt;/ref&gt;

Ko jiidaa e maayo ngoo e hoore mum, nokku oo ina hawra e maayo tokooso ɓuuɓngo e ŋoral tokosal ndiyam laaɓɗam, ɗam toɓo e ndiyam les ɗam ñamlata, ɗam taarotoo ko seto duuɗe.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Réserve Intégrale du Lac El Mellah | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar&quot;. rsis.ramsar.org. Archived from the original on 2022-06-25. Accessed on 2021-11-12.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wakati ==
Kiliimaaji ɗii ina limtee e Mediteraane, tawi nguleeki mum en ina tolnoo e 18,9 degere Celsius hitaande kala. Duuɓi yooro, ɗi njuuteendi mum en ko lebbi nay, ina teskaa e nguleeki ɓurki famɗude e lewru Yarkomaa, nguleeki ɓurtuki e lewru Ut. Diiwaan oo ina heɓa toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e ndunngu e ndunngu, tawi toɓooli ɓurɗi famɗude ɗii ina keɓa e ndunngu. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 milimeeteer.[5]

== Keewceeral nguurndam ==
Leydi ndii ina waɗi jolngo wonande nguurndam nguurndam sabu mbayliigu maggu ɗiɗaɓuru e diƴƴe taariiɗe ɗum ɗee e geec rewrude e kanndaa. Delta oo ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njooɗii ko wayi no Salicornia e Juncus.[6]

Salinirde mawnde e nder maayo ngoo ina addana nguurndam fitoplankton, zooplankton, e liɗɗi, kadi ina waɗi nokku ɗo liɗɗi njibinaa ko wayi no wolde worgo, Sole, porgy Salema, e steenbras njaareendi.[7]

Yanti heen, nokku oo ina heewi tawtoreede kullon ladde e kullon ladde, tawi ina njiyloo keewal nokkuuji nguura. Ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe nguurdata, ina heen ƴiye mawɗe, ƴiye mawɗe, e ƴiye tufted. Yimɓe nokku oo ina mbaɗa ndema njuumri.[8]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Lake Mellah''' ko maayo ndiyam lamɗam, tawaango e nder keeri nokku biyeteeɗo El Kala e nder diiwaan El Taref, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku keewɗo faayiida e fawaade e nanondiral Ramsar ñalnde 12 suwee 2004.

== Yiyngo ==
Lake Mellah ko maayo salteende jokkondirngo e maayo rewrude e weendu ɓuuɓndu rewrude e ŋoral ŋoral ko ina tolnoo e 900 meeter. Nde woni ko e nder diiwaan hakkundeejo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala National Park, tawi ina waɗi maayooji ɗiɗi ɓeydaaɗi e ndiyam laaɓɗam, woni maayo Tonga e maayo Oubeira. Ɗeeɗoo maayooji tati toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi baɗɗi faayiida e nder winndere ndee e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.&lt;ref&gt;Marc Côte (1996). Guide d'Algérie. Algérie: Média-Plus. p. 211-212. ISBN 9961-922-00-X&lt;/ref&gt;

Leydi ndii woni ko hakkunde wuro ɓurngo fuɗnaange-rewo El-Kala e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 2 257 ektaar, luggiɗde mayre ko meeteruuji 3, luggiɗnde mayre ɓurnde heewde ko meeteruuji 6.&lt;ref&gt;Djebar, A. b; Messerer, Y.; Tandjir, L.; Bensouilah, M. (31 Dec 2003). &quot;EQUILIBRES HYDROLOGIQUES DU LAC MELLAH (COMPLEXE LACUSTRE D'EL KALA)&quot;. Sciences &amp; technologie. C, Biotechnologies (20): 15–20. ISSN:2602-7798. Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved &lt;/ref&gt;

Ko jiidaa e maayo ngoo e hoore mum, nokku oo ina hawra e maayo tokooso ɓuuɓngo e ŋoral tokosal ndiyam laaɓɗam, ɗam toɓo e ndiyam les ɗam ñamlata, ɗam taarotoo ko seto duuɗe.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Réserve Intégrale du Lac El Mellah | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar&quot;. rsis.ramsar.org. Archived from the original on 2022-06-25. Accessed on 2021-11-12.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Djebar, A. b; Messerer, Y.; Tandjir, L.; Bensouilah, M. (31 Dec 2003). &quot;EQUILIBRES HYDROLOGIQUES DU LAC MELLAH (COMPLEXE LACUSTRE D'EL KALA)&quot;. Sciences &amp; technologie. C, Biotechnologies (20): 15–20. ISSN:2602-7798. Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wakati ==
Kiliimaaji ɗii ina limtee e Mediteraane, tawi nguleeki mum en ina tolnoo e 18,9 degere Celsius hitaande kala. Duuɓi yooro, ɗi njuuteendi mum en ko lebbi nay, ina teskaa e nguleeki ɓurki famɗude e lewru Yarkomaa, nguleeki ɓurtuki e lewru Ut. Diiwaan oo ina heɓa toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e ndunngu e ndunngu, tawi toɓooli ɓurɗi famɗude ɗii ina keɓa e ndunngu. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 milimeeteer.[5]

== Keewceeral nguurndam ==
Leydi ndii ina waɗi jolngo wonande nguurndam nguurndam sabu mbayliigu maggu ɗiɗaɓuru e diƴƴe taariiɗe ɗum ɗee e geec rewrude e kanndaa. Delta oo ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njooɗii ko wayi no Salicornia e Juncus.[6]

Salinirde mawnde e nder maayo ngoo ina addana nguurndam fitoplankton, zooplankton, e liɗɗi, kadi ina waɗi nokku ɗo liɗɗi njibinaa ko wayi no wolde worgo, Sole, porgy Salema, e steenbras njaareendi.[7]

Yanti heen, nokku oo ina heewi tawtoreede kullon ladde e kullon ladde, tawi ina njiyloo keewal nokkuuji nguura. Ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe nguurdata, ina heen ƴiye mawɗe, ƴiye mawɗe, e ƴiye tufted. Yimɓe nokku oo ina mbaɗa ndema njuumri.[8]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Lake Mellah''' ko maayo ndiyam lamɗam, tawaango e nder keeri nokku biyeteeɗo El Kala e nder diiwaan El Taref, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku keewɗo faayiida e fawaade e nanondiral Ramsar ñalnde 12 suwee 2004.

== Yiyngo ==
Lake Mellah ko maayo salteende jokkondirngo e maayo rewrude e weendu ɓuuɓndu rewrude e ŋoral ŋoral ko ina tolnoo e 900 meeter. Nde woni ko e nder diiwaan hakkundeejo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala National Park, tawi ina waɗi maayooji ɗiɗi ɓeydaaɗi e ndiyam laaɓɗam, woni maayo Tonga e maayo Oubeira. Ɗeeɗoo maayooji tati toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi baɗɗi faayiida e nder winndere ndee e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.&lt;ref&gt;Marc Côte (1996). Guide d'Algérie. Algérie: Média-Plus. p. 211-212. ISBN 9961-922-00-X&lt;/ref&gt;

Leydi ndii woni ko hakkunde wuro ɓurngo fuɗnaange-rewo El-Kala e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 2 257 ektaar, luggiɗde mayre ko meeteruuji 3, luggiɗnde mayre ɓurnde heewde ko meeteruuji 6.&lt;ref&gt;Djebar, A. b; Messerer, Y.; Tandjir, L.; Bensouilah, M. (31 Dec 2003). &quot;EQUILIBRES HYDROLOGIQUES DU LAC MELLAH (COMPLEXE LACUSTRE D'EL KALA)&quot;. Sciences &amp; technologie. C, Biotechnologies (20): 15–20. ISSN:2602-7798. Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved &lt;/ref&gt;

Ko jiidaa e maayo ngoo e hoore mum, nokku oo ina hawra e maayo tokooso ɓuuɓngo e ŋoral tokosal ndiyam laaɓɗam, ɗam toɓo e ndiyam les ɗam ñamlata, ɗam taarotoo ko seto duuɗe.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Réserve Intégrale du Lac El Mellah | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar&quot;. rsis.ramsar.org. Archived from the original on 2022-06-25. Accessed on 2021-11-12.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Djebar, A. b; Messerer, Y.; Tandjir, L.; Bensouilah, M. (31 Dec 2003). &quot;EQUILIBRES HYDROLOGIQUES DU LAC MELLAH (COMPLEXE LACUSTRE D'EL KALA)&quot;. Sciences &amp; technologie. C, Biotechnologies (20): 15–20. ISSN:2602-7798. Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wakati ==
Kiliimaaji ɗii ina limtee e Mediteraane, tawi nguleeki mum en ina tolnoo e 18,9 degere Celsius hitaande kala. Duuɓi yooro, ɗi njuuteendi mum en ko lebbi nay, ina teskaa e nguleeki ɓurki famɗude e lewru Yarkomaa, nguleeki ɓurtuki e lewru Ut. Diiwaan oo ina heɓa toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e ndunngu e ndunngu, tawi toɓooli ɓurɗi famɗude ɗii ina keɓa e ndunngu. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 milimeeteer.&lt;ref&gt;Kadid, Yamina; Thébaud, Gilles; Pétel, Gilles; Abdelkrim, Hacène (2007-01). &quot;Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie&quot;. Acta Botanica Gallica (English). 154 (4): 597–599. DOI:10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082. ISSN:1253-8078. Archived from the original on 2022-06-18. Retrieved 2021-11-01.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Keewceeral nguurndam ==
Leydi ndii ina waɗi jolngo wonande nguurndam nguurndam sabu mbayliigu maggu ɗiɗaɓuru e diƴƴe taariiɗe ɗum ɗee e geec rewrude e kanndaa. Delta oo ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njooɗii ko wayi no Salicornia e Juncus.[6]

Salinirde mawnde e nder maayo ngoo ina addana nguurndam fitoplankton, zooplankton, e liɗɗi, kadi ina waɗi nokku ɗo liɗɗi njibinaa ko wayi no wolde worgo, Sole, porgy Salema, e steenbras njaareendi.[7]

Yanti heen, nokku oo ina heewi tawtoreede kullon ladde e kullon ladde, tawi ina njiyloo keewal nokkuuji nguura. Ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe nguurdata, ina heen ƴiye mawɗe, ƴiye mawɗe, e ƴiye tufted. Yimɓe nokku oo ina mbaɗa ndema njuumri.[8]

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'''Lake Mellah''' ko maayo ndiyam lamɗam, tawaango e nder keeri nokku biyeteeɗo El Kala e nder diiwaan El Taref, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku keewɗo faayiida e fawaade e nanondiral Ramsar ñalnde 12 suwee 2004.

== Yiyngo ==
Lake Mellah ko maayo salteende jokkondirngo e maayo rewrude e weendu ɓuuɓndu rewrude e ŋoral ŋoral ko ina tolnoo e 900 meeter. Nde woni ko e nder diiwaan hakkundeejo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala National Park, tawi ina waɗi maayooji ɗiɗi ɓeydaaɗi e ndiyam laaɓɗam, woni maayo Tonga e maayo Oubeira. Ɗeeɗoo maayooji tati toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi baɗɗi faayiida e nder winndere ndee e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.&lt;ref&gt;Marc Côte (1996). Guide d'Algérie. Algérie: Média-Plus. p. 211-212. ISBN 9961-922-00-X&lt;/ref&gt;

Leydi ndii woni ko hakkunde wuro ɓurngo fuɗnaange-rewo El-Kala e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 2 257 ektaar, luggiɗde mayre ko meeteruuji 3, luggiɗnde mayre ɓurnde heewde ko meeteruuji 6.&lt;ref&gt;Djebar, A. b; Messerer, Y.; Tandjir, L.; Bensouilah, M. (31 Dec 2003). &quot;EQUILIBRES HYDROLOGIQUES DU LAC MELLAH (COMPLEXE LACUSTRE D'EL KALA)&quot;. Sciences &amp; technologie. C, Biotechnologies (20): 15–20. ISSN:2602-7798. Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved &lt;/ref&gt;

Ko jiidaa e maayo ngoo e hoore mum, nokku oo ina hawra e maayo tokooso ɓuuɓngo e ŋoral tokosal ndiyam laaɓɗam, ɗam toɓo e ndiyam les ɗam ñamlata, ɗam taarotoo ko seto duuɗe.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Réserve Intégrale du Lac El Mellah | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar&quot;. rsis.ramsar.org. Archived from the original on 2022-06-25. Accessed on 2021-11-12.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Djebar, A. b; Messerer, Y.; Tandjir, L.; Bensouilah, M. (31 Dec 2003). &quot;EQUILIBRES HYDROLOGIQUES DU LAC MELLAH (COMPLEXE LACUSTRE D'EL KALA)&quot;. Sciences &amp; technologie. C, Biotechnologies (20): 15–20. ISSN:2602-7798. Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wakati ==
Kiliimaaji ɗii ina limtee e Mediteraane, tawi nguleeki mum en ina tolnoo e 18,9 degere Celsius hitaande kala. Duuɓi yooro, ɗi njuuteendi mum en ko lebbi nay, ina teskaa e nguleeki ɓurki famɗude e lewru Yarkomaa, nguleeki ɓurtuki e lewru Ut. Diiwaan oo ina heɓa toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e ndunngu e ndunngu, tawi toɓooli ɓurɗi famɗude ɗii ina keɓa e ndunngu. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 milimeeteer.&lt;ref&gt;Kadid, Yamina; Thébaud, Gilles; Pétel, Gilles; Abdelkrim, Hacène (2007-01). &quot;Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie&quot;. Acta Botanica Gallica (English). 154 (4): 597–599. DOI:10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082. ISSN:1253-8078. Archived from the original on 2022-06-18. Retrieved 2021-11-01.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Keewceeral nguurndam ==
Leydi ndii ina waɗi jolngo wonande nguurndam nguurndam sabu mbayliigu maggu ɗiɗaɓuru e diƴƴe taariiɗe ɗum ɗee e geec rewrude e kanndaa. Delta oo ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njooɗii ko wayi no Salicornia e Juncus.&lt;ref&gt;Djebar, A. b; Messerer, Y.; Tandjir, L.; Bensouilah, M. (31 Dec 2003). &quot;EQUILIBRES HYDROLOGIQUES DU LAC MELLAH (COMPLEXE LACUSTRE D'EL KALA)&quot;. Sciences &amp; technologie. C, Biotechnologies (20): 15–20. ISSN:2602-7798. Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved&lt;/ref&gt;

Salinirde mawnde e nder maayo ngoo ina addana nguurndam fitoplankton, zooplankton, e liɗɗi, kadi ina waɗi nokku ɗo liɗɗi njibinaa ko wayi no wolde worgo, Sole, porgy Salema, e steenbras njaareendi.[7]

Yanti heen, nokku oo ina heewi tawtoreede kullon ladde e kullon ladde, tawi ina njiyloo keewal nokkuuji nguura. Ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe nguurdata, ina heen ƴiye mawɗe, ƴiye mawɗe, e ƴiye tufted. Yimɓe nokku oo ina mbaɗa ndema njuumri.[8]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Lake Mellah''' ko maayo ndiyam lamɗam, tawaango e nder keeri nokku biyeteeɗo El Kala e nder diiwaan El Taref, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku keewɗo faayiida e fawaade e nanondiral Ramsar ñalnde 12 suwee 2004.

== Yiyngo ==
Lake Mellah ko maayo salteende jokkondirngo e maayo rewrude e weendu ɓuuɓndu rewrude e ŋoral ŋoral ko ina tolnoo e 900 meeter. Nde woni ko e nder diiwaan hakkundeejo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala National Park, tawi ina waɗi maayooji ɗiɗi ɓeydaaɗi e ndiyam laaɓɗam, woni maayo Tonga e maayo Oubeira. Ɗeeɗoo maayooji tati toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi baɗɗi faayiida e nder winndere ndee e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.&lt;ref&gt;Marc Côte (1996). Guide d'Algérie. Algérie: Média-Plus. p. 211-212. ISBN 9961-922-00-X&lt;/ref&gt;

Leydi ndii woni ko hakkunde wuro ɓurngo fuɗnaange-rewo El-Kala e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 2 257 ektaar, luggiɗde mayre ko meeteruuji 3, luggiɗnde mayre ɓurnde heewde ko meeteruuji 6.&lt;ref&gt;Djebar, A. b; Messerer, Y.; Tandjir, L.; Bensouilah, M. (31 Dec 2003). &quot;EQUILIBRES HYDROLOGIQUES DU LAC MELLAH (COMPLEXE LACUSTRE D'EL KALA)&quot;. Sciences &amp; technologie. C, Biotechnologies (20): 15–20. ISSN:2602-7798. Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved &lt;/ref&gt;

Ko jiidaa e maayo ngoo e hoore mum, nokku oo ina hawra e maayo tokooso ɓuuɓngo e ŋoral tokosal ndiyam laaɓɗam, ɗam toɓo e ndiyam les ɗam ñamlata, ɗam taarotoo ko seto duuɗe.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Réserve Intégrale du Lac El Mellah | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar&quot;. rsis.ramsar.org. Archived from the original on 2022-06-25. Accessed on 2021-11-12.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Djebar, A. b; Messerer, Y.; Tandjir, L.; Bensouilah, M. (31 Dec 2003). &quot;EQUILIBRES HYDROLOGIQUES DU LAC MELLAH (COMPLEXE LACUSTRE D'EL KALA)&quot;. Sciences &amp; technologie. C, Biotechnologies (20): 15–20. ISSN:2602-7798. Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wakati ==
Kiliimaaji ɗii ina limtee e Mediteraane, tawi nguleeki mum en ina tolnoo e 18,9 degere Celsius hitaande kala. Duuɓi yooro, ɗi njuuteendi mum en ko lebbi nay, ina teskaa e nguleeki ɓurki famɗude e lewru Yarkomaa, nguleeki ɓurtuki e lewru Ut. Diiwaan oo ina heɓa toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e ndunngu e ndunngu, tawi toɓooli ɓurɗi famɗude ɗii ina keɓa e ndunngu. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 milimeeteer.&lt;ref&gt;Kadid, Yamina; Thébaud, Gilles; Pétel, Gilles; Abdelkrim, Hacène (2007-01). &quot;Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie&quot;. Acta Botanica Gallica (English). 154 (4): 597–599. DOI:10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082. ISSN:1253-8078. Archived from the original on 2022-06-18. Retrieved 2021-11-01.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Keewceeral nguurndam ==
Leydi ndii ina waɗi jolngo wonande nguurndam nguurndam sabu mbayliigu maggu ɗiɗaɓuru e diƴƴe taariiɗe ɗum ɗee e geec rewrude e kanndaa. Delta oo ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njooɗii ko wayi no Salicornia e Juncus.&lt;ref&gt;Djebar, A. b; Messerer, Y.; Tandjir, L.; Bensouilah, M. (31 Dec 2003). &quot;EQUILIBRES HYDROLOGIQUES DU LAC MELLAH (COMPLEXE LACUSTRE D'EL KALA)&quot;. Sciences &amp; technologie. C, Biotechnologies (20): 15–20. ISSN:2602-7798. Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved&lt;/ref&gt;

Salinirde mawnde e nder maayo ngoo ina addana nguurndam fitoplankton, zooplankton, e liɗɗi, kadi ina waɗi nokku ɗo liɗɗi njibinaa ko wayi no wolde worgo, Sole, porgy Salema, e steenbras njaareendi.&lt;ref&gt;Taref is the city of bays and coral beaches, the city of international lakes, and the pearl of eastern Algeria.&lt;/ref&gt;

Yanti heen, nokku oo ina heewi tawtoreede kullon ladde e kullon ladde, tawi ina njiyloo keewal nokkuuji nguura. Ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe nguurdata, ina heen ƴiye mawɗe, ƴiye mawɗe, e ƴiye tufted. Yimɓe nokku oo ina mbaɗa ndema njuumri.[8]

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'''Lake Mellah''' ko maayo ndiyam lamɗam, tawaango e nder keeri nokku biyeteeɗo El Kala e nder diiwaan El Taref, to leydi Alseri. Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku keewɗo faayiida e fawaade e nanondiral Ramsar ñalnde 12 suwee 2004.

== Yiyngo ==
Lake Mellah ko maayo salteende jokkondirngo e maayo rewrude e weendu ɓuuɓndu rewrude e ŋoral ŋoral ko ina tolnoo e 900 meeter. Nde woni ko e nder diiwaan hakkundeejo nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala National Park, tawi ina waɗi maayooji ɗiɗi ɓeydaaɗi e ndiyam laaɓɗam, woni maayo Tonga e maayo Oubeira. Ɗeeɗoo maayooji tati toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi baɗɗi faayiida e nder winndere ndee e nder nanondiral Ramsar ngal UNESCO ƴetti.&lt;ref&gt;Marc Côte (1996). Guide d'Algérie. Algérie: Média-Plus. p. 211-212. ISBN 9961-922-00-X&lt;/ref&gt;

Leydi ndii woni ko hakkunde wuro ɓurngo fuɗnaange-rewo El-Kala e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 2 257 ektaar, luggiɗde mayre ko meeteruuji 3, luggiɗnde mayre ɓurnde heewde ko meeteruuji 6.&lt;ref&gt;Djebar, A. b; Messerer, Y.; Tandjir, L.; Bensouilah, M. (31 Dec 2003). &quot;EQUILIBRES HYDROLOGIQUES DU LAC MELLAH (COMPLEXE LACUSTRE D'EL KALA)&quot;. Sciences &amp; technologie. C, Biotechnologies (20): 15–20. ISSN:2602-7798. Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved &lt;/ref&gt;

Ko jiidaa e maayo ngoo e hoore mum, nokku oo ina hawra e maayo tokooso ɓuuɓngo e ŋoral tokosal ndiyam laaɓɗam, ɗam toɓo e ndiyam les ɗam ñamlata, ɗam taarotoo ko seto duuɗe.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Réserve Intégrale du Lac El Mellah | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar&quot;. rsis.ramsar.org. Archived from the original on 2022-06-25. Accessed on 2021-11-12.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Djebar, A. b; Messerer, Y.; Tandjir, L.; Bensouilah, M. (31 Dec 2003). &quot;EQUILIBRES HYDROLOGIQUES DU LAC MELLAH (COMPLEXE LACUSTRE D'EL KALA)&quot;. Sciences &amp; technologie. C, Biotechnologies (20): 15–20. ISSN:2602-7798. Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wakati ==
Kiliimaaji ɗii ina limtee e Mediteraane, tawi nguleeki mum en ina tolnoo e 18,9 degere Celsius hitaande kala. Duuɓi yooro, ɗi njuuteendi mum en ko lebbi nay, ina teskaa e nguleeki ɓurki famɗude e lewru Yarkomaa, nguleeki ɓurtuki e lewru Ut. Diiwaan oo ina heɓa toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e ndunngu e ndunngu, tawi toɓooli ɓurɗi famɗude ɗii ina keɓa e ndunngu. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 milimeeteer.&lt;ref&gt;Kadid, Yamina; Thébaud, Gilles; Pétel, Gilles; Abdelkrim, Hacène (2007-01). &quot;Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie&quot;. Acta Botanica Gallica (English). 154 (4): 597–599. DOI:10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082. ISSN:1253-8078. Archived from the original on 2022-06-18. Retrieved 2021-11-01.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Keewceeral nguurndam ==
Leydi ndii ina waɗi jolngo wonande nguurndam nguurndam sabu mbayliigu maggu ɗiɗaɓuru e diƴƴe taariiɗe ɗum ɗee e geec rewrude e kanndaa. Delta oo ko nokku ɗo kullon ladde njooɗii ko wayi no Salicornia e Juncus.&lt;ref&gt;Djebar, A. b; Messerer, Y.; Tandjir, L.; Bensouilah, M. (31 Dec 2003). &quot;EQUILIBRES HYDROLOGIQUES DU LAC MELLAH (COMPLEXE LACUSTRE D'EL KALA)&quot;. Sciences &amp; technologie. C, Biotechnologies (20): 15–20. ISSN:2602-7798. Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved&lt;/ref&gt;

Salinirde mawnde e nder maayo ngoo ina addana nguurndam fitoplankton, zooplankton, e liɗɗi, kadi ina waɗi nokku ɗo liɗɗi njibinaa ko wayi no wolde worgo, Sole, porgy Salema, e steenbras njaareendi.&lt;ref&gt;Taref is the city of bays and coral beaches, the city of international lakes, and the pearl of eastern Algeria.&lt;/ref&gt;

Yanti heen, nokku oo ina heewi tawtoreede kullon ladde e kullon ladde, tawi ina njiyloo keewal nokkuuji nguura. Ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe nguurdata, ina heen ƴiye mawɗe, ƴiye mawɗe, e ƴiye tufted. Yimɓe nokku oo ina mbaɗa ndema njuumri.&lt;ref&gt;El-Tarif : Decline in the number of birds coming to the El Qala barn&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Lake Tonga''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala, e nder wilaya El Tarf, to leydi Alseri.  Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 11 abriil 1983, nde anndaa ko nokku mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo e nder Afrik worgo.  == Wakere == Lake Tonga ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder feccere hakkundeere park ngenndiijo El-Kala, sara maayo Oubeïra, maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam goɗɗo, e maayo El Mellah, maayo lamɗam.[2] Nde woni ko e ŋoral mawngal hakkun...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2321" sha1="2yva5uikg37bs2sr0mo0p78b0ex99mr" xml:space="preserve">'''Lake Tonga''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala, e nder wilaya El Tarf, to leydi Alseri.

Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 11 abriil 1983, nde anndaa ko nokku mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo e nder Afrik worgo.

== Wakere ==
Lake Tonga ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder feccere hakkundeere park ngenndiijo El-Kala, sara maayo Oubeïra, maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam goɗɗo, e maayo El Mellah, maayo lamɗam.[2] Nde woni ko e ŋoral mawngal hakkunde wuro El Kala, to fuɗnaange-rewo Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Basin maggal ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 15 000 ektaar, tawi heen 2 800 ektaar ko nanndi e basin maayo ngoo e hoore mum.[3]

Laddeeji tati ɗii toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereyankoore e nder nanondiral Ramsar e hitaande 1983.[2] Lake Tonga ina waɗi feccere e maayo hakkundeejo ngo ɓuuɓnaa e jamaanu koloñaal, jooni noon ina hollira sifaaji marse yaajɗo.[2]

Nokku oo ina waɗi nokku mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo, ina waɗi kadi koɗli leɗɗe, nokkuuji laddeeji ɓuuɓɗi, e njuɓɓudi ɓulli ceene. Leydi ndii ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane[1], ko adii fof ko Oued El-Hout to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, Oued El-Eurg to worgo-fuɗnaange. Ɗeeɗoo ɓulli ndiyam mbaɗii ɓulli deltaaji ɗi ɓulli mum en ustii seeɗa seeɗa njaajeendi maayo ngoo.[3]

== Wakati ==
Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, nguleeki mum tolnii e 18,9 °C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro ina duumoo ko ina wona lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu e toɓɓe leslese e nder ndunngu.[3]

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Leydi ndii ina rokka leɗɗe ndiyam nokku keewɗo faayiida, tawi leɗɗe ina mbaɗa mosaïque renndooji leɗɗe. Fisiyognomi ɓurɗo heewde ko leeso reedngo ngo ko ɓuri heewde e helofit en hoɗi. E nder ndunngu e ndunngu, ƴiye daneeje ina ɓuuɓna feccere mawnde e dow maayo ngoo.[3]

Lake Tonga ina hiisee wonde nokku mawɗo ɗo ƴiye njibinaa e nder Afrik worgo, ina hoɗi e ƴiye keewɗe, ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye hirnaange, ƴiye goɗɗe, e ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe, ina heen ƴiye keewɗe ɗe ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, ɗe ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e winndere ndee kala.[1]

Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema sahaa.[1]

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'''Lake Tonga''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala, e nder wilaya El Tarf, to leydi Alseri.

Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 11 abriil 1983, nde anndaa ko nokku mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo e nder Afrik worgo.

== Wakere ==
Lake Tonga ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder feccere hakkundeere park ngenndiijo El-Kala, sara maayo Oubeïra, maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam goɗɗo, e maayo El Mellah, maayo lamɗam.[2] Nde woni ko e ŋoral mawngal hakkunde wuro El Kala, to fuɗnaange-rewo Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Basin maggal ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 15 000 ektaar, tawi heen 2 800 ektaar ko nanndi e basin maayo ngoo e hoore mum.[3]

Laddeeji tati ɗii toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereyankoore e nder nanondiral Ramsar e hitaande 1983.[2] Lake Tonga ina waɗi feccere e maayo hakkundeejo ngo ɓuuɓnaa e jamaanu koloñaal, jooni noon ina hollira sifaaji marse yaajɗo.[2]

Nokku oo ina waɗi nokku mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo, ina waɗi kadi koɗli leɗɗe, nokkuuji laddeeji ɓuuɓɗi, e njuɓɓudi ɓulli ceene. Leydi ndii ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane[1], ko adii fof ko Oued El-Hout to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, Oued El-Eurg to worgo-fuɗnaange. Ɗeeɗoo ɓulli ndiyam mbaɗii ɓulli deltaaji ɗi ɓulli mum en ustii seeɗa seeɗa njaajeendi maayo ngoo.[3]

== Wakati ==
Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, nguleeki mum tolnii e 18,9 °C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro ina duumoo ko ina wona lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu e toɓɓe leslese e nder ndunngu.[3]

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Leydi ndii ina rokka leɗɗe ndiyam nokku keewɗo faayiida, tawi leɗɗe ina mbaɗa mosaïque renndooji leɗɗe. Fisiyognomi ɓurɗo heewde ko leeso reedngo ngo ko ɓuri heewde e helofit en hoɗi. E nder ndunngu e ndunngu, ƴiye daneeje ina ɓuuɓna feccere mawnde e dow maayo ngoo.[3]

Lake Tonga ina hiisee wonde nokku mawɗo ɗo ƴiye njibinaa e nder Afrik worgo, ina hoɗi e ƴiye keewɗe, ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye hirnaange, ƴiye goɗɗe, e ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe, ina heen ƴiye keewɗe ɗe ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, ɗe ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e winndere ndee kala.[1]

Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema sahaa.[1]

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'''Lake Tonga''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala, e nder wilaya El Tarf, to leydi Alseri.

Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 11 abriil 1983, nde anndaa ko nokku mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo e nder Afrik worgo.

== Wakere ==
Lake Tonga ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder feccere hakkundeere park ngenndiijo El-Kala, sara maayo Oubeïra, maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam goɗɗo, e maayo El Mellah, maayo lamɗam.&lt;ref&gt;Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9961-9-2200-X&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko e ŋoral mawngal hakkunde wuro El Kala, to fuɗnaange-rewo Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Basin maggal ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 15 000 ektaar, tawi heen 2 800 ektaar ko nanndi e basin maayo ngoo e hoore mum.[3]

Laddeeji tati ɗii toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereyankoore e nder nanondiral Ramsar e hitaande 1983.[2] Lake Tonga ina waɗi feccere e maayo hakkundeejo ngo ɓuuɓnaa e jamaanu koloñaal, jooni noon ina hollira sifaaji marse yaajɗo.[2]

Nokku oo ina waɗi nokku mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo, ina waɗi kadi koɗli leɗɗe, nokkuuji laddeeji ɓuuɓɗi, e njuɓɓudi ɓulli ceene. Leydi ndii ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane[1], ko adii fof ko Oued El-Hout to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, Oued El-Eurg to worgo-fuɗnaange. Ɗeeɗoo ɓulli ndiyam mbaɗii ɓulli deltaaji ɗi ɓulli mum en ustii seeɗa seeɗa njaajeendi maayo ngoo.[3]

== Wakati ==
Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, nguleeki mum tolnii e 18,9 °C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro ina duumoo ko ina wona lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu e toɓɓe leslese e nder ndunngu.[3]

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Leydi ndii ina rokka leɗɗe ndiyam nokku keewɗo faayiida, tawi leɗɗe ina mbaɗa mosaïque renndooji leɗɗe. Fisiyognomi ɓurɗo heewde ko leeso reedngo ngo ko ɓuri heewde e helofit en hoɗi. E nder ndunngu e ndunngu, ƴiye daneeje ina ɓuuɓna feccere mawnde e dow maayo ngoo.[3]

Lake Tonga ina hiisee wonde nokku mawɗo ɗo ƴiye njibinaa e nder Afrik worgo, ina hoɗi e ƴiye keewɗe, ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye hirnaange, ƴiye goɗɗe, e ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe, ina heen ƴiye keewɗe ɗe ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, ɗe ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e winndere ndee kala.[1]

Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema sahaa.[1]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Lake Tonga''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala, e nder wilaya El Tarf, to leydi Alseri.

Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 11 abriil 1983, nde anndaa ko nokku mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo e nder Afrik worgo.

== Wakere ==
Lake Tonga ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder feccere hakkundeere park ngenndiijo El-Kala, sara maayo Oubeïra, maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam goɗɗo, e maayo El Mellah, maayo lamɗam.&lt;ref&gt;Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9961-9-2200-X&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko e ŋoral mawngal hakkunde wuro El Kala, to fuɗnaange-rewo Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Basin maggal ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 15 000 ektaar, tawi heen 2 800 ektaar ko nanndi e basin maayo ngoo e hoore mum.&lt;ref&gt;Kadid, Yamina; Thébaud, Gilles; Pétel, Gilles; Abdelkrim, Hacène (2007). &quot;Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie&quot; [Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria]. Acta Botanica Gallica (in French). 154 (4): 597–599. doi:10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082. ISSN 1253-8078. Retrieved January 23, 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Laddeeji tati ɗii toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereyankoore e nder nanondiral Ramsar e hitaande 1983.[2] Lake Tonga ina waɗi feccere e maayo hakkundeejo ngo ɓuuɓnaa e jamaanu koloñaal, jooni noon ina hollira sifaaji marse yaajɗo.[2]

Nokku oo ina waɗi nokku mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo, ina waɗi kadi koɗli leɗɗe, nokkuuji laddeeji ɓuuɓɗi, e njuɓɓudi ɓulli ceene. Leydi ndii ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane[1], ko adii fof ko Oued El-Hout to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, Oued El-Eurg to worgo-fuɗnaange. Ɗeeɗoo ɓulli ndiyam mbaɗii ɓulli deltaaji ɗi ɓulli mum en ustii seeɗa seeɗa njaajeendi maayo ngoo.[3]

== Wakati ==
Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, nguleeki mum tolnii e 18,9 °C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro ina duumoo ko ina wona lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu e toɓɓe leslese e nder ndunngu.[3]

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Leydi ndii ina rokka leɗɗe ndiyam nokku keewɗo faayiida, tawi leɗɗe ina mbaɗa mosaïque renndooji leɗɗe. Fisiyognomi ɓurɗo heewde ko leeso reedngo ngo ko ɓuri heewde e helofit en hoɗi. E nder ndunngu e ndunngu, ƴiye daneeje ina ɓuuɓna feccere mawnde e dow maayo ngoo.[3]

Lake Tonga ina hiisee wonde nokku mawɗo ɗo ƴiye njibinaa e nder Afrik worgo, ina hoɗi e ƴiye keewɗe, ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye hirnaange, ƴiye goɗɗe, e ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe, ina heen ƴiye keewɗe ɗe ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, ɗe ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e winndere ndee kala.[1]

Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema sahaa.[1]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>czcag9w0uapm8u5nnngzxtd4j6ki3hi</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>176762</id>
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'''Lake Tonga''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala, e nder wilaya El Tarf, to leydi Alseri.

Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 11 abriil 1983, nde anndaa ko nokku mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo e nder Afrik worgo.

== Wakere ==
Lake Tonga ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder feccere hakkundeere park ngenndiijo El-Kala, sara maayo Oubeïra, maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam goɗɗo, e maayo El Mellah, maayo lamɗam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9961-9-2200-X&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko e ŋoral mawngal hakkunde wuro El Kala, to fuɗnaange-rewo Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Basin maggal ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 15 000 ektaar, tawi heen 2 800 ektaar ko nanndi e basin maayo ngoo e hoore mum.&lt;ref&gt;Kadid, Yamina; Thébaud, Gilles; Pétel, Gilles; Abdelkrim, Hacène (2007). &quot;Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie&quot; [Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria]. Acta Botanica Gallica (in French). 154 (4): 597–599. doi:10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082. ISSN 1253-8078. Retrieved January 23, 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Laddeeji tati ɗii toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereyankoore e nder nanondiral Ramsar e hitaande 1983.[2] Lake Tonga ina waɗi feccere e maayo hakkundeejo ngo ɓuuɓnaa e jamaanu koloñaal, jooni noon ina hollira sifaaji marse yaajɗo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Nokku oo ina waɗi nokku mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo, ina waɗi kadi koɗli leɗɗe, nokkuuji laddeeji ɓuuɓɗi, e njuɓɓudi ɓulli ceene. Leydi ndii ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane[1], ko adii fof ko Oued El-Hout to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, Oued El-Eurg to worgo-fuɗnaange. Ɗeeɗoo ɓulli ndiyam mbaɗii ɓulli deltaaji ɗi ɓulli mum en ustii seeɗa seeɗa njaajeendi maayo ngoo.[3]

== Wakati ==
Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, nguleeki mum tolnii e 18,9 °C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro ina duumoo ko ina wona lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu e toɓɓe leslese e nder ndunngu.[3]

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Leydi ndii ina rokka leɗɗe ndiyam nokku keewɗo faayiida, tawi leɗɗe ina mbaɗa mosaïque renndooji leɗɗe. Fisiyognomi ɓurɗo heewde ko leeso reedngo ngo ko ɓuri heewde e helofit en hoɗi. E nder ndunngu e ndunngu, ƴiye daneeje ina ɓuuɓna feccere mawnde e dow maayo ngoo.[3]

Lake Tonga ina hiisee wonde nokku mawɗo ɗo ƴiye njibinaa e nder Afrik worgo, ina hoɗi e ƴiye keewɗe, ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye hirnaange, ƴiye goɗɗe, e ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe, ina heen ƴiye keewɗe ɗe ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, ɗe ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e winndere ndee kala.[1]

Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema sahaa.[1]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>20jm3wzkeox931hnrqks8wit6tc50z0</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>176763</id>
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'''Lake Tonga''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala, e nder wilaya El Tarf, to leydi Alseri.

Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 11 abriil 1983, nde anndaa ko nokku mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo e nder Afrik worgo.

== Wakere ==
Lake Tonga ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder feccere hakkundeere park ngenndiijo El-Kala, sara maayo Oubeïra, maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam goɗɗo, e maayo El Mellah, maayo lamɗam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9961-9-2200-X&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko e ŋoral mawngal hakkunde wuro El Kala, to fuɗnaange-rewo Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Basin maggal ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 15 000 ektaar, tawi heen 2 800 ektaar ko nanndi e basin maayo ngoo e hoore mum.&lt;ref&gt;Kadid, Yamina; Thébaud, Gilles; Pétel, Gilles; Abdelkrim, Hacène (2007). &quot;Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie&quot; [Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria]. Acta Botanica Gallica (in French). 154 (4): 597–599. doi:10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082. ISSN 1253-8078. Retrieved January 23, 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Laddeeji tati ɗii toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereyankoore e nder nanondiral Ramsar e hitaande 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Lake Tonga ina waɗi feccere e maayo hakkundeejo ngo ɓuuɓnaa e jamaanu koloñaal, jooni noon ina hollira sifaaji marse yaajɗo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Nokku oo ina waɗi nokku mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo, ina waɗi kadi koɗli leɗɗe, nokkuuji laddeeji ɓuuɓɗi, e njuɓɓudi ɓulli ceene. Leydi ndii ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane[1], ko adii fof ko Oued El-Hout to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, Oued El-Eurg to worgo-fuɗnaange. Ɗeeɗoo ɓulli ndiyam mbaɗii ɓulli deltaaji ɗi ɓulli mum en ustii seeɗa seeɗa njaajeendi maayo ngoo.[3]

== Wakati ==
Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, nguleeki mum tolnii e 18,9 °C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro ina duumoo ko ina wona lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu e toɓɓe leslese e nder ndunngu.[3]

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Leydi ndii ina rokka leɗɗe ndiyam nokku keewɗo faayiida, tawi leɗɗe ina mbaɗa mosaïque renndooji leɗɗe. Fisiyognomi ɓurɗo heewde ko leeso reedngo ngo ko ɓuri heewde e helofit en hoɗi. E nder ndunngu e ndunngu, ƴiye daneeje ina ɓuuɓna feccere mawnde e dow maayo ngoo.[3]

Lake Tonga ina hiisee wonde nokku mawɗo ɗo ƴiye njibinaa e nder Afrik worgo, ina hoɗi e ƴiye keewɗe, ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye hirnaange, ƴiye goɗɗe, e ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe, ina heen ƴiye keewɗe ɗe ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, ɗe ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e winndere ndee kala.[1]

Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema sahaa.[1]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>oowyzw5jolbu4rsmk76mw7hqtrfvs0p</sha1>
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'''Lake Tonga''' ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder nokku biyeteeɗo El-Kala, e nder wilaya El Tarf, to leydi Alseri.

Nde toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar ñalnde 11 abriil 1983, nde anndaa ko nokku mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo e nder Afrik worgo.

== Wakere ==
Lake Tonga ko maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam tawaaɗam e nder feccere hakkundeere park ngenndiijo El-Kala, sara maayo Oubeïra, maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam goɗɗo, e maayo El Mellah, maayo lamɗam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Côte, Marc (1996). Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine [Guide to Algeria: landscapes and heritage] (in French). Algeria: Média-Plus. p. 211. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9961-9-2200-X&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko e ŋoral mawngal hakkunde wuro El Kala, to fuɗnaange-rewo Alseri, e keeri Alseri e Tuunus. Basin maggal ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 15 000 ektaar, tawi heen 2 800 ektaar ko nanndi e basin maayo ngoo e hoore mum.&lt;ref&gt;Kadid, Yamina; Thébaud, Gilles; Pétel, Gilles; Abdelkrim, Hacène (2007). &quot;Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie&quot; [Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria]. Acta Botanica Gallica (in French). 154 (4): 597–599. doi:10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082. ISSN 1253-8078. Retrieved January 23, 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Laddeeji tati ɗii toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi jogiiɗi nafoore winndereyankoore e nder nanondiral Ramsar e hitaande 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Lake Tonga ina waɗi feccere e maayo hakkundeejo ngo ɓuuɓnaa e jamaanu koloñaal, jooni noon ina hollira sifaaji marse yaajɗo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Nokku oo ina waɗi nokku mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo, ina waɗi kadi koɗli leɗɗe, nokkuuji laddeeji ɓuuɓɗi, e njuɓɓudi ɓulli ceene. Leydi ndii ina jokkondiri e maayo Mediteraane&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Réserve Intégrale du Lac Tonga&quot; [Tonga Lake Integral Reserve]. Ramsar (in French). Retrieved January 23, 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;, ko adii fof ko Oued El-Hout to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, Oued El-Eurg to worgo-fuɗnaange. Ɗeeɗoo ɓulli ndiyam mbaɗii ɓulli deltaaji ɗi ɓulli mum en ustii seeɗa seeɗa njaajeendi maayo ngoo.[3]

== Wakati ==
Diiwaan oo ina jogii weeyo Mediteraane, nguleeki mum tolnii e 18,9 °C hitaande kala, e sahaa yooro ina duumoo ko ina wona lebbi nay. Lewru Yarkomaa ɓuri toowde, Lewru Ut ɓuri wulde. Hakindo toɓooli hitaande kala ina ɓura 700 mm, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu e toɓɓe leslese e nder ndunngu.[3]

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Leydi ndii ina rokka leɗɗe ndiyam nokku keewɗo faayiida, tawi leɗɗe ina mbaɗa mosaïque renndooji leɗɗe. Fisiyognomi ɓurɗo heewde ko leeso reedngo ngo ko ɓuri heewde e helofit en hoɗi. E nder ndunngu e ndunngu, ƴiye daneeje ina ɓuuɓna feccere mawnde e dow maayo ngoo.[3]

Lake Tonga ina hiisee wonde nokku mawɗo ɗo ƴiye njibinaa e nder Afrik worgo, ina hoɗi e ƴiye keewɗe, ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye hirnaange, ƴiye goɗɗe, e ƴiye ndiyam keewɗe, ina heen ƴiye keewɗe ɗe ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, ɗe ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e winndere ndee kala.[1]

Yimɓe nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaɗa ndema jawdi e ndema sahaa.[1]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>7jcuubvcksm2zgch5ltdb09cx68kzed</sha1>
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