Wikipedia ffwiki https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello_ja%C9%93%C9%93orgo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.8 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4735 177097 145089 2026-06-28T15:53:08Z MOIBARDE 10068 177097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Mallam Aminu Kano HeɗorGCON[1] (9 lewru bowte hitaande 1920 — 17 lewru abriil hitaande 1983) ko dawriyanke, jannginoowo, yimoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji, e senndikaajo jeyaaɗo to Kano. Gooto nder yimɓe ɓurduɓe anndugo nder diidaaɗi ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya e taariiha siyaasaaku ɓaawo ndimu ndimu, o anndiraama ngam luulndaaki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, laamu laamiiɓe aadaaji, e soynde potal ummatoore nder woyla Naajeeriya. O woniino sosɗo Dental Ƴellitaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange (NEPU) caggal ɗuum o ardii lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP), kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe lanndaaji sosiyaalist en, daraniiɓe ndimaagu talakawa (commons) e nder leydi Najeriya.[2][3][4][5][6] Aminu fuɗɗorii golle mum ko jannginoowo, o yalti ko e ƴaañde laamu koloñaal Angalteer gila e fuɗɗoode, o luulndii aristokraasi jibinannde e yeeso yimɓe fof, o ñiŋii laamu koloñaal nguu, ngu woni ko e tooñde e huutoraade talakawa en. E hitaande 1948, o sosi Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange, fedde gollotooɓe e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, o wonti tergal sosngal Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC), nde o woppi caggal ɗuum sabu jokkere enɗam mum. Ko o hooreejo NEPU gila 1953, o daranii sosiyaalisma demokaraasi, hakkeeji rewɓe, e doole talakawa, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e kuule lislaam e nuunɗal renndo.[4] O huwi nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1959 nden o waɗi kuuɗe ministaajo nder wakkati sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o laati Komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya les laamu Yakubu Gowon. Ko o depitee parlemaa e nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Aminu Kano ina wallitnoo dille ndimaagu e nder Afrik, ina ƴellita politik caggal leydi mo aldaa e paltoor. O arti caggal mum e politik lannda e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓere, o woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP.[4] Aminu Kano, mo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɗon laara bana waylugo gite, o acci limngal duumingal nder miijo siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya. Juɓɓule inniraaɗe e teddungal makko ina njeyaa heen: Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Mallam Aminu Kano, opitaal jannginoowo Aminu Kano, e koleesuuji keewɗi e nokkuuji wiɗto. O limtaama nder baaba'en sosɓe lesdi Naajeeriya hannde, nden o ɗon mari maande ngam nuunɗal rento e kuuɗe ɗen.[4][7] ==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol== Aminu Kano jibinaa ko e nder wuro Sudawa to Kano ñalnde 9 ut 1920 e Rakaiya e Mallam Yusufu mo Gyanawa, leñol Fulɓe anndiraaɓe e humpito mum en e sariyaaji lislaam.[6][8]: 274 E nder jibinannde yumma makko jeegom, ko kanko tan woni jibinannde Bo5 janngi no feewi e Lislaam, baaba makko caggal mum woni mawɗo Alkali Kano. Neene makko rokkaama tiitoonde Fulani Modibbo, nde heewi wonde ko annduɓe lislaam tedduɓe.[9]: 330 E wiyde aadaaji nokku oo, Usman dan Fodio, sosɗo Kalifaandi Sokoto, kanko e hoore makko o toɗɗii banndiiko Aminos e jappeere chiefkali. Gila ndeen, Gyanawa en ina ɗaɓɓiree jogaade jappeere laamu ko wayi no alkaliiji, waliiji e muftiiji Leñol yumma Aminu kadi ina joginoo worɓe e rewɓe jannguɓe heewɓe, ummoriiɓe e teeminanɗe. Ko kamɓe ngoni Fulɓe egguɓe gila Kukawa e nder laamu Bornu, fayde Kano.[8]: 274 [13]: 1:15 Ina jeyaa e maɓɓe mallam gooto, wonnooɗo wasiyaaji keertiiɗi to Emir Kano e oon sahaa, hono Sulimanu. Oo mallam ina joginoo hoore mum e reende e yeeyde ƴiye, o dañi innde Mallam Mai Tattabari (‘mallam jom ƴiye’). Ndee innde wonti tiitoonde laawɗunde e nder galle laamorɗo Kano, nde artiraa e lomtiiɓe mo, nde wonnoo ko Imaam en e wasiyaaji e sariyaaji lislaam.[10]: 27 Nde o woni cukalel, Aminu fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e jannginooɓe makko adanɓe ko yumma makko e neene makko, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njanngini mo ɗemngal Arab e no o janngirta Quraana.[12]: 100 [14] Caggal nde yumma makko maayi e hitaande 1926,[4] o ummii e galle kaaw makko, o hoɗi e les galle kaaw makko ha ton. Ndeen noon, Halilu, kaaw makko mo caggal mum toɗɗaa ‘Mallam Mai Tattabari’, wonti kalfinaaɗo jaŋde makko Quraana.[10]: 41–43 [15]: 243 Aminu ɓeydii winnditaade e duɗal leslesal Shehuci, duɗal hirnaange Engele.[8]: 276 [15]: 243 O ƴetti innde nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, Kano, ko innde makko, ko ɗum huunde woowaande e nder jannguɓe hirnaange to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e oon sahaa.[16]: 604 E hitaande 1933, Aminu fuɗɗii yahde duɗal hakkundeewal Kano (caggal ɗuum innitiraa ko duɗal Rumfa, Kano), duɗal gonngal hakkunde yimɓe. Ko ɗoon, e hitaande 1935, o ardii gooto e seppooji almudɓe gadani e nder leydi Nijeer ngam ŋakkeende saabunde, ŋakkeende nguura, "kuule keewɗe, e koɗki jikkuuji tiiɗɗi".[10]: 48–49 Ndeen o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna (caggal ɗuum o wayli innde makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa) ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa 1942.[8]: 276 [15]: 243 [17]. sydiv670mnra7b9p8h6mpmz3j1jktvv 177098 177097 2026-06-28T16:00:37Z Adamu mc 10501 177098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Mallam Aminu Kano HeɗorGCON[1] (9 lewru bowte hitaande 1920 — 17 lewru abriil hitaande 1983) ko dawriyanke, jannginoowo, yimoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji, e senndikaajo jeyaaɗo to Kano. Gooto nder yimɓe ɓurduɓe anndugo nder diidaaɗi ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya e taariiha siyaasaaku ɓaawo ndimu ndimu, o anndiraama ngam luulndaaki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, laamu laamiiɓe aadaaji, e soynde potal ummatoore nder woyla Naajeeriya. O woniino sosɗo Dental Ƴellitaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange (NEPU) caggal ɗuum o ardii lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP), kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe lanndaaji sosiyaalist en, daraniiɓe ndimaagu talakawa (commons) e nder leydi Najeriya.[2][3][4][5][6] Aminu fuɗɗorii golle mum ko jannginoowo, o yalti ko e ƴaañde laamu koloñaal Angalteer gila e fuɗɗoode, o luulndii aristokraasi jibinannde e yeeso yimɓe fof, o ñiŋii laamu koloñaal nguu, ngu woni ko e tooñde e huutoraade talakawa en. E hitaande 1948, o sosi Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange, fedde gollotooɓe e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, o wonti tergal sosngal Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC), nde o woppi caggal ɗuum sabu jokkere enɗam mum. Ko o hooreejo NEPU gila 1953, o daranii sosiyaalisma demokaraasi, hakkeeji rewɓe, e doole talakawa, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e kuule lislaam e nuunɗal renndo.[4] O huwi nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1959 nden o waɗi kuuɗe ministaajo nder wakkati sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o laati Komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya les laamu Yakubu Gowon. Ko o depitee parlemaa e nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Aminu Kano ina wallitnoo dille ndimaagu e nder Afrik, ina ƴellita politik caggal leydi mo aldaa e paltoor. O arti caggal mum e politik lannda e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓere, o woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP.[4] Aminu Kano, mo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɗon laara bana waylugo gite, o acci limngal duumingal nder miijo siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya. Juɓɓule inniraaɗe e teddungal makko ina njeyaa heen: Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Mallam Aminu Kano, opitaal jannginoowo Aminu Kano, e koleesuuji keewɗi e nokkuuji wiɗto. O limtaama nder baaba'en sosɓe lesdi Naajeeriya hannde, nden o ɗon mari maande ngam nuunɗal rento e kuuɗe ɗen.[4][7] ==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol== Aminu Kano jibinaa ko e nder wuro Sudawa to Kano ñalnde 9 ut 1920 e Rakaiya e Mallam Yusufu mo Gyanawa, leñol Fulɓe anndiraaɓe e humpito mum en e sariyaaji lislaam.[6][8]: 274 E nder jibinannde yumma makko jeegom, ko kanko tan woni jibinannde Bo5 janngi no feewi e Lislaam, baaba makko caggal mum woni mawɗo Alkali Kano. Neene makko rokkaama tiitoonde Fulani Modibbo, nde heewi wonde ko annduɓe lislaam tedduɓe.[9]: 330 E wiyde aadaaji nokku oo, Usman dan Fodio, sosɗo Kalifaandi Sokoto, kanko e hoore makko o toɗɗii banndiiko Aminos e jappeere chiefkali. Gila ndeen, Gyanawa en ina ɗaɓɓiree jogaade jappeere laamu ko wayi no alkaliiji, waliiji e muftiiji Leñol yumma Aminu kadi ina joginoo worɓe e rewɓe jannguɓe heewɓe, ummoriiɓe e teeminanɗe. Ko kamɓe ngoni Fulɓe egguɓe gila Kukawa e nder laamu Bornu, fayde Kano.[8]: 274 [13]: 1:15 Ina jeyaa e maɓɓe mallam gooto, wonnooɗo wasiyaaji keertiiɗi to Emir Kano e oon sahaa, hono Sulimanu. Oo mallam ina joginoo hoore mum e reende e yeeyde ƴiye, o dañi innde Mallam Mai Tattabari (‘mallam jom ƴiye’). Ndee innde wonti tiitoonde laawɗunde e nder galle laamorɗo Kano, nde artiraa e lomtiiɓe mo, nde wonnoo ko Imaam en e wasiyaaji e sariyaaji lislaam.[10]: 27 Nde o woni cukalel, Aminu fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e jannginooɓe makko adanɓe ko yumma makko e neene makko, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njanngini mo ɗemngal Arab e no o janngirta Quraana.[12]: 100 [14] Caggal nde yumma makko maayi e hitaande 1926,[4] o ummii e galle kaaw makko, o hoɗi e les galle kaaw makko ha ton. Ndeen noon, Halilu, kaaw makko mo caggal mum toɗɗaa ‘Mallam Mai Tattabari’, wonti kalfinaaɗo jaŋde makko Quraana.[10]: 41–43 [15]: 243 Aminu ɓeydii winnditaade e duɗal leslesal Shehuci, duɗal hirnaange Engele.[8]: 276 [15]: 243 O ƴetti innde nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, Kano, ko innde makko, ko ɗum huunde woowaande e nder jannguɓe hirnaange to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e oon sahaa.[16]: 604 E hitaande 1933, Aminu fuɗɗii yahde duɗal hakkundeewal Kano (caggal ɗuum innitiraa ko duɗal Rumfa, Kano), duɗal gonngal hakkunde yimɓe. Ko ɗoon, e hitaande 1935, o ardii gooto e seppooji almudɓe gadani e nder leydi Nijeer ngam ŋakkeende saabunde, ŋakkeende nguura, "kuule keewɗe, e koɗki jikkuuji tiiɗɗi".[10]: 48–49 Ndeen o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna (caggal ɗuum o wayli innde makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa) ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa 1942.[8]: 276 [15]: 243 == Tunorngal == bkexofyv22bhpmim1u20mr3h3mm5t1v 177126 177098 2026-06-28T21:52:43Z MOIBARDE 10068 177126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Mallam Aminu Kano''' HeɗorGCON[1] (9 lewru bowte hitaande 1920 — 17 lewru abriil hitaande 1983) ko dawriyanke, jannginoowo, yimoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji, e senndikaajo jeyaaɗo to Kano. Gooto nder yimɓe ɓurduɓe anndugo nder diidaaɗi ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya e taariiha siyaasaaku ɓaawo ndimu ndimu, o anndiraama ngam luulndaaki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, laamu laamiiɓe aadaaji, e soynde potal ummatoore nder woyla Naajeeriya. O woniino sosɗo Dental Ƴellitaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange (NEPU) caggal ɗuum o ardii lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP), kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe lanndaaji sosiyaalist en, daraniiɓe ndimaagu talakawa (commons) e nder leydi Najeriya.[2][3][4][5][6] Aminu fuɗɗorii golle mum ko jannginoowo, o yalti ko e ƴaañde laamu koloñaal Angalteer gila e fuɗɗoode, o luulndii aristokraasi jibinannde e yeeso yimɓe fof, o ñiŋii laamu koloñaal nguu, ngu woni ko e tooñde e huutoraade talakawa en. E hitaande 1948, o sosi Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange, fedde gollotooɓe e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, o wonti tergal sosngal Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC), nde o woppi caggal ɗuum sabu jokkere enɗam mum. Ko o hooreejo NEPU gila 1953, o daranii sosiyaalisma demokaraasi, hakkeeji rewɓe, e doole talakawa, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e kuule lislaam e nuunɗal renndo.[4] O huwi nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1959 nden o waɗi kuuɗe ministaajo nder wakkati sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o laati Komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya les laamu Yakubu Gowon. Ko o depitee parlemaa e nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Aminu Kano ina wallitnoo dille ndimaagu e nder Afrik, ina ƴellita politik caggal leydi mo aldaa e paltoor. O arti caggal mum e politik lannda e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓere, o woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP.[4] Aminu Kano, mo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɗon laara bana waylugo gite, o acci limngal duumingal nder miijo siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya. Juɓɓule inniraaɗe e teddungal makko ina njeyaa heen: Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Mallam Aminu Kano, opitaal jannginoowo Aminu Kano, e koleesuuji keewɗi e nokkuuji wiɗto. O limtaama nder baaba'en sosɓe lesdi Naajeeriya hannde, nden o ɗon mari maande ngam nuunɗal rento e kuuɗe ɗen.[4][7] ==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol== Aminu Kano jibinaa ko e nder wuro Sudawa to Kano ñalnde 9 ut 1920 e Rakaiya e Mallam Yusufu mo Gyanawa, leñol Fulɓe anndiraaɓe e humpito mum en e sariyaaji lislaam.[6][8]: 274 E nder jibinannde yumma makko jeegom, ko kanko tan woni jibinannde Bo5 janngi no feewi e Lislaam, baaba makko caggal mum woni mawɗo Alkali Kano. Neene makko rokkaama tiitoonde Fulani Modibbo, nde heewi wonde ko annduɓe lislaam tedduɓe.[9]: 330 E wiyde aadaaji nokku oo, Usman dan Fodio, sosɗo Kalifaandi Sokoto, kanko e hoore makko o toɗɗii banndiiko Aminos e jappeere chiefkali. Gila ndeen, Gyanawa en ina ɗaɓɓiree jogaade jappeere laamu ko wayi no alkaliiji, waliiji e muftiiji Leñol yumma Aminu kadi ina joginoo worɓe e rewɓe jannguɓe heewɓe, ummoriiɓe e teeminanɗe. Ko kamɓe ngoni Fulɓe egguɓe gila Kukawa e nder laamu Bornu, fayde Kano.[8]: 274 [13]: 1:15 Ina jeyaa e maɓɓe mallam gooto, wonnooɗo wasiyaaji keertiiɗi to Emir Kano e oon sahaa, hono Sulimanu. Oo mallam ina joginoo hoore mum e reende e yeeyde ƴiye, o dañi innde Mallam Mai Tattabari (‘mallam jom ƴiye’). Ndee innde wonti tiitoonde laawɗunde e nder galle laamorɗo Kano, nde artiraa e lomtiiɓe mo, nde wonnoo ko Imaam en e wasiyaaji e sariyaaji lislaam.[10]: 27 Nde o woni cukalel, Aminu fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e jannginooɓe makko adanɓe ko yumma makko e neene makko, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njanngini mo ɗemngal Arab e no o janngirta Quraana.[12]: 100 [14] Caggal nde yumma makko maayi e hitaande 1926,[4] o ummii e galle kaaw makko, o hoɗi e les galle kaaw makko ha ton. Ndeen noon, Halilu, kaaw makko mo caggal mum toɗɗaa ‘Mallam Mai Tattabari’, wonti kalfinaaɗo jaŋde makko Quraana.[10]: 41–43 [15]: 243 Aminu ɓeydii winnditaade e duɗal leslesal Shehuci, duɗal hirnaange Engele.[8]: 276 [15]: 243 O ƴetti innde nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, Kano, ko innde makko, ko ɗum huunde woowaande e nder jannguɓe hirnaange to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e oon sahaa.[16]: 604 E hitaande 1933, Aminu fuɗɗii yahde duɗal hakkundeewal Kano (caggal ɗuum innitiraa ko duɗal Rumfa, Kano), duɗal gonngal hakkunde yimɓe. Ko ɗoon, e hitaande 1935, o ardii gooto e seppooji almudɓe gadani e nder leydi Nijeer ngam ŋakkeende saabunde, ŋakkeende nguura, "kuule keewɗe, e koɗki jikkuuji tiiɗɗi".[10]: 48–49 Ndeen o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna (caggal ɗuum o wayli innde makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa) ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa 1942.[8]: 276 [15]: 243 == Tunorngal == orr783h7l84zmyis5gpt1p7s11npgjc 177127 177126 2026-06-28T21:59:50Z MOIBARDE 10068 177127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Mallam Aminu Kano''' HeɗorGCON[1] (9 lewru bowte hitaande 1920 — 17 lewru abriil hitaande 1983) ko dawriyanke, jannginoowo, yimoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji, e senndikaajo jeyaaɗo to Kano. Gooto nder yimɓe ɓurduɓe anndugo nder diidaaɗi ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya e taariiha siyaasaaku ɓaawo ndimu ndimu, o anndiraama ngam luulndaaki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, laamu laamiiɓe aadaaji, e soynde potal ummatoore nder woyla Naajeeriya. O woniino sosɗo Dental Ƴellitaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange (NEPU) caggal ɗuum o ardii lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP), kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe lanndaaji sosiyaalist en, daraniiɓe ndimaagu talakawa (commons) e nder leydi Najeriya.[2][3][4][5][6] Aminu fuɗɗorii golle mum ko jannginoowo, o yalti ko e ƴaañde laamu koloñaal Angalteer gila e fuɗɗoode, o luulndii aristokraasi jibinannde e yeeso yimɓe fof, o ñiŋii laamu koloñaal nguu, ngu woni ko e tooñde e huutoraade talakawa en. E hitaande 1948, o sosi Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange, fedde gollotooɓe e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, o wonti tergal sosngal Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC), nde o woppi caggal ɗuum sabu jokkere enɗam mum. Ko o hooreejo NEPU gila 1953, o daranii sosiyaalisma demokaraasi, hakkeeji rewɓe, e doole talakawa, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e kuule lislaam e nuunɗal renndo.[4] O huwi nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1959 nden o waɗi kuuɗe ministaajo nder wakkati sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o laati Komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya les laamu Yakubu Gowon. Ko o depitee parlemaa e nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Aminu Kano ina wallitnoo dille ndimaagu e nder Afrik, ina ƴellita politik caggal leydi mo aldaa e paltoor. O arti caggal mum e politik lannda e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓere, o woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP.[4] Aminu Kano, mo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɗon laara bana waylugo gite, o acci limngal duumingal nder miijo siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya. Juɓɓule inniraaɗe e teddungal makko ina njeyaa heen: Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Mallam Aminu Kano, opitaal jannginoowo Aminu Kano, e koleesuuji keewɗi e nokkuuji wiɗto. O limtaama nder baaba'en sosɓe lesdi Naajeeriya hannde, nden o ɗon mari maande ngam nuunɗal rento e kuuɗe ɗen.[4][7] ==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol== Aminu Kano jibinaa ko e nder wuro Sudawa to Kano ñalnde 9 ut 1920 e Rakaiya e Mallam Yusufu mo Gyanawa, leñol Fulɓe anndiraaɓe e humpito mum en e sariyaaji lislaam.[6][8]: 274 E nder jibinannde yumma makko jeegom, ko kanko tan woni jibinannde Bo5 janngi no feewi e Lislaam, baaba makko caggal mum woni mawɗo Alkali Kano. Neene makko rokkaama tiitoonde Fulani Modibbo, nde heewi wonde ko annduɓe lislaam tedduɓe.[9]: 330 E wiyde aadaaji nokku oo, Usman dan Fodio, sosɗo Kalifaandi Sokoto, kanko e hoore makko o toɗɗii banndiiko Aminos e jappeere chiefkali. Gila ndeen, Gyanawa en ina ɗaɓɓiree jogaade jappeere laamu ko wayi no alkaliiji, waliiji e muftiiji Leñol yumma Aminu kadi ina joginoo worɓe e rewɓe jannguɓe heewɓe, ummoriiɓe e teeminanɗe. Ko kamɓe ngoni Fulɓe egguɓe gila Kukawa e nder laamu Bornu, fayde Kano.[8]: 274 [13]: 1:15 Ina jeyaa e maɓɓe mallam gooto, wonnooɗo wasiyaaji keertiiɗi to Emir Kano e oon sahaa, hono Sulimanu. Oo mallam ina joginoo hoore mum e reende e yeeyde ƴiye, o dañi innde Mallam Mai Tattabari (‘mallam jom ƴiye’). Ndee innde wonti tiitoonde laawɗunde e nder galle laamorɗo Kano, nde artiraa e lomtiiɓe mo, nde wonnoo ko Imaam en e wasiyaaji e sariyaaji lislaam.[10]: 27 Nde o woni cukalel, Aminu fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e jannginooɓe makko adanɓe ko yumma makko e neene makko, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njanngini mo ɗemngal Arab e no o janngirta Quraana.[12]: 100 [14] Caggal nde yumma makko maayi e hitaande 1926,[4] o ummii e galle kaaw makko, o hoɗi e les galle kaaw makko ha ton. Ndeen noon, Halilu, kaaw makko mo caggal mum toɗɗaa ‘Mallam Mai Tattabari’, wonti kalfinaaɗo jaŋde makko Quraana.[10]: 41–43 [15]: 243 Aminu ɓeydii winnditaade e duɗal leslesal Shehuci, duɗal hirnaange Engele.[8]: 276 [15]: 243 O ƴetti innde nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, Kano, ko innde makko, ko ɗum huunde woowaande e nder jannguɓe hirnaange to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e oon sahaa.[16]: 604 E hitaande 1933, Aminu fuɗɗii yahde duɗal hakkundeewal Kano (caggal ɗuum innitiraa ko duɗal Rumfa, Kano), duɗal gonngal hakkunde yimɓe. Ko ɗoon, e hitaande 1935, o ardii gooto e seppooji almudɓe gadani e nder leydi Nijeer ngam ŋakkeende saabunde, ŋakkeende nguura, "kuule keewɗe, e koɗki jikkuuji tiiɗɗi".[10]: 48–49 Ndeen o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna (caggal ɗuum o wayli innde makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa) ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa 1942.[8]: 276 [15]: 243 == Golle jannginde == Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna e hitaande 1940, Aminu suɓii ko janngude ko fayti e sariya, wonaa rewde laawol banndiraaɓe makko ɓurɓe suɓaade jannginde. Ndeeɗoo suɓngo heewaani sabu ñaawirɗe sharia, ɓurɗe waawde huutoreede e ñaawirɗe paralel to Kano e nder juulɓe, njaɓaani awokaaji. Yanti heen, nafoore makko e janngude safaara to Angalteer, haɗi mo yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yaba Higher College, ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko to Lagos to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, fotde duuɓi seeɗa. Kono, sabu jiiɓru almudɓe jokki, gardiiɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College saliima jaɓde Aminu, ganndiraaɗo ardaade seppooji almudɓe. Aminu kadi etinooma naatde e konu e polis kono o saliima e ɗiɗo fof nde tawnoo omo yahra e duuɓi 5, ko ina tolnoo e 100 meeteer, ina famɗi no feewi. To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, heewɓe ina njokki e wasiyaade mo yo o jokku golle jannginde kono ko jannginoowo makko ganndal, hono Doktoor R. E. Miller, addani mo ƴettude jannginde e nder golle makko.[10]: 60 [17][18][12]: 100 ko hujja Miller Ƴeew, miɗo wasiyoo ma nde naatataa e suudu janngirdu. Hare nde ina jokki, e Almaañnaaɓe ina njahra yeeso e kala fannu, ɗum wonaa huunde nde Hitler waawataa heɓtude leydi Nijeer e nder sahaa gooto. E nder ɗuum, aɗa sokli suuɗnde karallaagal, hol nokku ɓurɗo jannginde ? Ko wonaa cfuum, mi 6eydoto maa tan ko jannginoowo-e-heblo ganndal—gooto e gilli maa mawcfi, wonaa noon?[10]: 61 [12]: 100 E nder jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu halfinaama gure keewɗe ngam waɗde golle janngingol. E hitaande makko ɗiɗmere, o waɗii lebbi joy gooto e maɓɓe fof to Bauchi e Zaria e lebbi ɗiɗi goɗɗi "njillu duɗe to bannge worgo". Ko e hitaande makko sakkitiinde e heblo makko e hitaande 1942, miijooji makko politik radikaluuji ɓuuɓɗi peeñi. O fuɗɗii winndude e jaayɗe e jaayndeeji seeɗa gonɗi e oon sahaa, ko wayi no Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo e Pilot Afrik worgo, o ƴelliti nafoore mawnde e politik. Ko e ndee hitaande kadi o winndi deftere makko wiyeteende ‘Kano les martolin otokaraasi native’, nde o winndi e laamu native.[8]: 277 [10]: 69–70 Hakkunde joofnirde dumunna makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o hawri e Sa'adu Zungur, potnooɗo "waɗde batte e miijo Aminu no feewi".[10]: 72 [9]: 329 Zungur, ɓurɗo Aminu mawnude e ardiiɗo politik radikal e nder Duɗal Pharma . Aminu ina heewi yeewtidde juutnde e Zungur, ina heewi yillaade galle makko caggal jaŋde. Anndugol maɓɓe fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1935 nde Zungur yilliima Kano, o acci heen miijo duumotoongo e Aminu e miijooji makko radikal e yahrude yeeso. Aminu jokki jokkondirde e Zungur haa ɓe kawri e Zaria.[10]: 72 == Tunorngal == rwbx3y70cn6950jr4398cw5z80nqmi7 177128 177127 2026-06-28T22:09:10Z MOIBARDE 10068 177128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Mallam Aminu Kano''' HeɗorGCON[1] (9 lewru bowte hitaande 1920 — 17 lewru abriil hitaande 1983) ko dawriyanke, jannginoowo, yimoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji, e senndikaajo jeyaaɗo to Kano. Gooto nder yimɓe ɓurduɓe anndugo nder diidaaɗi ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya e taariiha siyaasaaku ɓaawo ndimu ndimu, o anndiraama ngam luulndaaki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, laamu laamiiɓe aadaaji, e soynde potal ummatoore nder woyla Naajeeriya. O woniino sosɗo Dental Ƴellitaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange (NEPU) caggal ɗuum o ardii lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP), kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe lanndaaji sosiyaalist en, daraniiɓe ndimaagu talakawa (commons) e nder leydi Najeriya.[2][3][4][5][6] Aminu fuɗɗorii golle mum ko jannginoowo, o yalti ko e ƴaañde laamu koloñaal Angalteer gila e fuɗɗoode, o luulndii aristokraasi jibinannde e yeeso yimɓe fof, o ñiŋii laamu koloñaal nguu, ngu woni ko e tooñde e huutoraade talakawa en. E hitaande 1948, o sosi Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange, fedde gollotooɓe e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, o wonti tergal sosngal Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC), nde o woppi caggal ɗuum sabu jokkere enɗam mum. Ko o hooreejo NEPU gila 1953, o daranii sosiyaalisma demokaraasi, hakkeeji rewɓe, e doole talakawa, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e kuule lislaam e nuunɗal renndo.[4] O huwi nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1959 nden o waɗi kuuɗe ministaajo nder wakkati sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o laati Komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya les laamu Yakubu Gowon. Ko o depitee parlemaa e nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Aminu Kano ina wallitnoo dille ndimaagu e nder Afrik, ina ƴellita politik caggal leydi mo aldaa e paltoor. O arti caggal mum e politik lannda e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓere, o woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP.[4] Aminu Kano, mo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɗon laara bana waylugo gite, o acci limngal duumingal nder miijo siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya. Juɓɓule inniraaɗe e teddungal makko ina njeyaa heen: Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Mallam Aminu Kano, opitaal jannginoowo Aminu Kano, e koleesuuji keewɗi e nokkuuji wiɗto. O limtaama nder baaba'en sosɓe lesdi Naajeeriya hannde, nden o ɗon mari maande ngam nuunɗal rento e kuuɗe ɗen.[4][7] ==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol== Aminu Kano jibinaa ko e nder wuro Sudawa to Kano ñalnde 9 ut 1920 e Rakaiya e Mallam Yusufu mo Gyanawa, leñol Fulɓe anndiraaɓe e humpito mum en e sariyaaji lislaam.[6][8]: 274 E nder jibinannde yumma makko jeegom, ko kanko tan woni jibinannde Bo5 janngi no feewi e Lislaam, baaba makko caggal mum woni mawɗo Alkali Kano. Neene makko rokkaama tiitoonde Fulani Modibbo, nde heewi wonde ko annduɓe lislaam tedduɓe.[9]: 330 E wiyde aadaaji nokku oo, Usman dan Fodio, sosɗo Kalifaandi Sokoto, kanko e hoore makko o toɗɗii banndiiko Aminos e jappeere chiefkali. Gila ndeen, Gyanawa en ina ɗaɓɓiree jogaade jappeere laamu ko wayi no alkaliiji, waliiji e muftiiji Leñol yumma Aminu kadi ina joginoo worɓe e rewɓe jannguɓe heewɓe, ummoriiɓe e teeminanɗe. Ko kamɓe ngoni Fulɓe egguɓe gila Kukawa e nder laamu Bornu, fayde Kano.[8]: 274 [13]: 1:15 Ina jeyaa e maɓɓe mallam gooto, wonnooɗo wasiyaaji keertiiɗi to Emir Kano e oon sahaa, hono Sulimanu. Oo mallam ina joginoo hoore mum e reende e yeeyde ƴiye, o dañi innde Mallam Mai Tattabari (‘mallam jom ƴiye’). Ndee innde wonti tiitoonde laawɗunde e nder galle laamorɗo Kano, nde artiraa e lomtiiɓe mo, nde wonnoo ko Imaam en e wasiyaaji e sariyaaji lislaam.[10]: 27 Nde o woni cukalel, Aminu fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e jannginooɓe makko adanɓe ko yumma makko e neene makko, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njanngini mo ɗemngal Arab e no o janngirta Quraana.[12]: 100 [14] Caggal nde yumma makko maayi e hitaande 1926,[4] o ummii e galle kaaw makko, o hoɗi e les galle kaaw makko ha ton. Ndeen noon, Halilu, kaaw makko mo caggal mum toɗɗaa ‘Mallam Mai Tattabari’, wonti kalfinaaɗo jaŋde makko Quraana.[10]: 41–43 [15]: 243 Aminu ɓeydii winnditaade e duɗal leslesal Shehuci, duɗal hirnaange Engele.[8]: 276 [15]: 243 O ƴetti innde nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, Kano, ko innde makko, ko ɗum huunde woowaande e nder jannguɓe hirnaange to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e oon sahaa.[16]: 604 E hitaande 1933, Aminu fuɗɗii yahde duɗal hakkundeewal Kano (caggal ɗuum innitiraa ko duɗal Rumfa, Kano), duɗal gonngal hakkunde yimɓe. Ko ɗoon, e hitaande 1935, o ardii gooto e seppooji almudɓe gadani e nder leydi Nijeer ngam ŋakkeende saabunde, ŋakkeende nguura, "kuule keewɗe, e koɗki jikkuuji tiiɗɗi".[10]: 48–49 Ndeen o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna (caggal ɗuum o wayli innde makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa) ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa 1942.[8]: 276 [15]: 243 == Golle jannginde == Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna e hitaande 1940, Aminu suɓii ko janngude ko fayti e sariya, wonaa rewde laawol banndiraaɓe makko ɓurɓe suɓaade jannginde. Ndeeɗoo suɓngo heewaani sabu ñaawirɗe sharia, ɓurɗe waawde huutoreede e ñaawirɗe paralel to Kano e nder juulɓe, njaɓaani awokaaji. Yanti heen, nafoore makko e janngude safaara to Angalteer, haɗi mo yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yaba Higher College, ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko to Lagos to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, fotde duuɓi seeɗa. Kono, sabu jiiɓru almudɓe jokki, gardiiɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College saliima jaɓde Aminu, ganndiraaɗo ardaade seppooji almudɓe. Aminu kadi etinooma naatde e konu e polis kono o saliima e ɗiɗo fof nde tawnoo omo yahra e duuɓi 5, ko ina tolnoo e 100 meeteer, ina famɗi no feewi. To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, heewɓe ina njokki e wasiyaade mo yo o jokku golle jannginde kono ko jannginoowo makko ganndal, hono Doktoor R. E. Miller, addani mo ƴettude jannginde e nder golle makko.[10]: 60 [17][18][12]: 100 ko hujja Miller Ƴeew, miɗo wasiyoo ma nde naatataa e suudu janngirdu. Hare nde ina jokki, e Almaañnaaɓe ina njahra yeeso e kala fannu, ɗum wonaa huunde nde Hitler waawataa heɓtude leydi Nijeer e nder sahaa gooto. E nder ɗuum, aɗa sokli suuɗnde karallaagal, hol nokku ɓurɗo jannginde ? Ko wonaa cfuum, mi 6eydoto maa tan ko jannginoowo-e-heblo ganndal—gooto e gilli maa mawcfi, wonaa noon?[10]: 61 [12]: 100 E nder jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu halfinaama gure keewɗe ngam waɗde golle janngingol. E hitaande makko ɗiɗmere, o waɗii lebbi joy gooto e maɓɓe fof to Bauchi e Zaria e lebbi ɗiɗi goɗɗi "njillu duɗe to bannge worgo". Ko e hitaande makko sakkitiinde e heblo makko e hitaande 1942, miijooji makko politik radikaluuji ɓuuɓɗi peeñi. O fuɗɗii winndude e jaayɗe e jaayndeeji seeɗa gonɗi e oon sahaa, ko wayi no Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo e Pilot Afrik worgo, o ƴelliti nafoore mawnde e politik. Ko e ndee hitaande kadi o winndi deftere makko wiyeteende ‘Kano les martolin otokaraasi native’, nde o winndi e laamu native.[8]: 277 [10]: 69–70 Hakkunde joofnirde dumunna makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o hawri e Sa'adu Zungur, potnooɗo "waɗde batte e miijo Aminu no feewi".[10]: 72 [9]: 329 Zungur, ɓurɗo Aminu mawnude e ardiiɗo politik radikal e nder Duɗal Pharma . Aminu ina heewi yeewtidde juutnde e Zungur, ina heewi yillaade galle makko caggal jaŋde. Anndugol maɓɓe fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1935 nde Zungur yilliima Kano, o acci heen miijo duumotoongo e Aminu e miijooji makko radikal e yahrude yeeso. Aminu jokki jokkondirde e Zungur haa ɓe kawri e Zaria.[10]: 72 === Bauchi === Nde o timmini jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu ummiima Bauchi, o ƴetti golle jannginoowo tokooso to duɗal hakkundeewal Bauchi.[17] Gollodiiɓe makko e duɗal ngal ko Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e Yahaya Gusau. Jokkondiral Aminu e Balewa, mo ɓaawo man laati hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya tan, fuɗɗi wakkati ɓe ɗon janngina haa Bauchi. Ko e oon sahaa Balewa rokki mo innde ‘Molotov’, innde Vyacheslav Molotov, hooreejo dowla Sowiyetik. Zungur kadi ummiima Bauchi e oon sahaa, caggal nde o arti wuro makko sabu rafi ɓuuɓɗo mo o heɓi to Zaria.[10]: 84–85 Aminu ina teddiniree no feewi e nder almuɓɓe duɗal ngal. Ɓe keewi hawrude ko e galle makko caggal waktuuji jaŋde ngam yeewtidde e golle goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa jaŋde. O yuɓɓinta sahaa e sahaa fof pijirlooji e kollirɗe ngam almuɓɓe, sahaa e sahaa fof omo huutoroo golle Abubakar Imaam. Ngam ɓeydude heen jaŋde makko, o waɗii almuɓɓe makko jime e jimɗi. O woniino kadi e nder renndooji janngooɓe ceertuɗi ko wayi no dingiral, jeewte, e ganndal.[10]: 85–86 Jokkondiral makko e almuɓɓe e miijooji makko cemmbinɗi, addani mo waasde yiɗde njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal e jannginooɓe woɗɓe. Heen sahaa gooto, fedde almudɓe ndee fof waɗii seppo sabu geɗe bayɗe no ŋakkeende uniformeeji e kaɓirɗe, ŋakkeende kaalis poos, e ŋakkeende nguura. Almuudo gooto mo yalti, suka hooreejo mo woni miñi Balewa, woni kaaloowo maɓɓe. Almuɓɓe mawɓe ɓee, ina jeyaa e maɓɓe Sule Katagum, ina ardoo almuɓɓe woɗɓe ɓee feewde Maiduguri. Emir Bauchi e jannginooɓe heewɓe nanngi ɓe, ina njiɗi haaldude, kono almuɓɓe ɓee ina cemmbina haaldude e Aminu tan. Caggal ɗuum, Aminu ari e Yahya Gusau, o « holliti ɓe wonde wullitaango maɓɓe maa heɓ weeyo no haanirta nii » o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ngartu e cuuɗi maɓɓe. Caggal wiɗto wullitaango ngoo, ngo laaɓtinaama, ɗum addani lomtinande hooreejo duɗal ngal Balewa, "mo feewni bonanndeeji gonɗi ko adii ɗii".[10]: 86 === Dental ɓamtaare mawngal Bauchi === E hitaande 1943, Aminu, e wondude e Zungur, Balewa e Gusau, sosi Dental Moƴƴingol Bauchi (BGIU), ɗo ɓe mbaɗi jeewte ngam ñiŋde politik koloñaal Angalteer e laamu ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[12]: 100 tawi Zungur ina joginoo batte nannduɗe e Zanguria, ina gasa tawa ko fedde nde yuɓɓini ɗum e hitaande 1943 Dental ɓamtaare mawnde e nder diiwanuuji worgo (NPGIU).[20] Aminu e Zungur mbinndi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe ngam haɓaade politik ‘directed labour’ Angalteer, mo ɓe njiyri ko no mbaydi njulaagu mbaylaandi. Nde Angalteer ɗaɓɓi nguura, tinndinoore, e soldateeɓe heewɓe ngam wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, laamuuji koloñaal en mbaɗti tiiɗnaade e laamuuji leydi ndii ngam ‘’dartina’’ keewal nguura e doole yimɓe. Biritaniya huutoriima no feewi doole kisal ɗe ndarnaaka e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya ngam wallitde konu mum caggal musiibaaji konu mum to Fuɗnaange ɓadiiɗo e hitaande 1942.[21] Gooto e binndanɗe Aminu ɗe siynaaka, ko mawɗo diiwaan oo, hono A J Knott, e nder Pilot Afrik worgo janngi ɗum, o rewi heen haa BGIU. Ndee yiytunde addani dental ngal fusde, lomtinaa ngal e fedde yeewtere Bauchi (BDC) walla Majalisar Tadi ta Bauchi, nde laamuuji koloñaal toppitii. BDC sosaa ko no lowre sankitiinde ngam jeewte udditiiɗe, tawa ina hawra e ‘kala miijooji’.[10]: 89 [12]: 89 [20][22]: 423 === Bauchi Yeewtere Cirkel === BDC waɗii jeewte yontere kala, ina noddira yimɓe heewɓe ko wayi no ardiiɓe departemaaji, njuɓɓudi laamu, yeeyooɓe e jannginooɓe. Limre tawtoraaɓe ɓee ɓurii Limre Dental Bauchi General Improvement Union (BGIU) ɓennungal ngal, ngal dañii moƳƳere ɓurnde welde e rokkude kuulal laamu nguu. Aminu, hono binndoowo, ko kañum halfinaa neldude noddaango e suɓaade toɓɓe ɗe yeewtetee. Ɗeen toɓɓe yeewtaaɗe ko ɓamtaare faggudu, demokaraasi, safaara, hare e diine. Nde toɓɓere ndee woni ndimaagu jaayndeeji, Aminu e Zungur teeŋtinii luural e nder politik Angalteer, ɓe mbiyi wonde bannge gooto ɓe ndartinii e ɓe ñaawii e nder keeri daande tan ko jeyaaɓe e amiir en, bannge goɗɗo oo, ɓe cemmbinii e yeeso yimɓe fof miijo e eɓɓoore jeytaare.[10]: 89 E nder yeewtere jowitiinde e njiimaandi ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi, o wiyi wonde « ndi wuuri ko e faandaare nde ndi fotnoo waɗde » e wonde ndi « njuɓɓudi laamu koloñaal ɓurndi huutoraade ndi aduna o meeɗaa anndude ».[10]: 90 [12]: 100: 100: 100 [12]: 100 100: 100: 90 [12]: 100 100: 100 [100]: 100 100: 100 [100]: 100 e Capha emiraaji mum mbayliima wonti njuɓɓudi ndi Shehu Usman dan Fodio, sosɗo ɗum oo, anniyaaki. Aminu wi'i limngal kaliifa'en ɗon mari haaje tuugaago dow nafuuda naa dow jibinannde, nden boo laamu otokaraasi ɗon luura bee janngirde Annabi Lislaama Muhammadu e Shehu. Balewa, nde tawnoo ko kañum ɓuri Aminu ɓuuɓde, ina daranii no feewi njuɓɓudi laamu ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi, ina wiya wonde jogaade sariya e deeƴre ina foti wonde huunde himmunde ngam tabitinde tuugnorgal ɗo peeje yiɗaaɗe mbaawi waɗeede e dow mum. Zungur, leeso e nder jonnde ndee, e jaabtaade Balewa, winndi hujjaaji mum e nder ɓataake mo Aminu yettini e dingiral yeewtere ndee e nder jonnde aroore ndee. E nder ndeeɗoo ɓataake, o semmbini hujjaaji Aminu ɗii, o ɓeydi heen seeɗa e hujjaaji makko.[10]: 90 O wiyi Balewa yo ƴeewto no o dañiri "miijo bonngo" ngam daɗndude laamu nguu, o ɓeydi heen : Suɓagol elite gutter mum [Native Authority] waɗaaka e dow hakkille walla e mbaawka, kono ko e salaade tan yiɗde ɓiyleydi laaɓtundi. Terɗe fedde laamuyankoore ina njogii wellitaare desperadoes ngam njulaagu, alaa ko ŋakki so wonaa kala ko dañi.[10]: 90 E nder batu goɗɗo, Aminu naamndii Ofisee Knott : « Hol ko woni njoɓdi amiir ? Knott jaabtii wonde ɗum fawii ko e tolno golle makko e teddeendi golle makko. Ndeen Aminu hollitii wonde hay so tawii ina famɗi doosɗe e golle so yerondiraama e Emir Bauchi, Lamido Adamawa ina heɓa njoɓdi ɓurndi heewde. Caggal ngool mbayliigu, batu nguu joofi ko ɗoon e ɗoon. Ɓooytaani, Knott habri wonde BDC ina joofna, o wiyi wonde jeewte ɗee ina ‘njippii e laawol’.[10]: 91 [22]: 423 === Nokku renndo Bauchi === Ngam lomtaade BDC, Aminu e Zungur cosi fedde politik woɗnde, hono nokku renndo Bauchi. Puɗɗagol fotde 20 tergal, batu maɓɓe gadano waɗi ko to defterdu Native Authority, sara galle amiir. E nder ndeeɗoo batu, tawi ina wondi e polis, Balewa ɓadtiima ɓe e ɗaɓɓaande amiir oo, wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ndartu sabu « denndaangal senndikaaji (juɓɓule) ina kaɗaa ». Zungur ndeen wiyi mo yo o haalan amiir oo wonde ɓe njahataa fusde. Caggal nde Balewa yahi, ɓe pelliti yettinde ɓataake to mawɗo politik ngam humpitaade ko waɗi koo, ɓe mbiyi amiir oo ina tooña hakkeeji maɓɓe.[10]: 91–92 Balɗe tati caggal ɗuum, terɗe fedde ndee noddaama ngam jokkondirde e amiir oo. Amiir oo salii yamirde yo ɓe ndartu, o wiyi o haɗii ɓe tan huutoraade « masiŋaaji binndol e gollorɗe defterdu Native Authority ». Hay so Balewa wulliima wonde o yettinii konngol ngol o rokkaa ngol no haanirta nii, Zungur ina heppi huutoraade ngalɗoo luural, haala kaa jokkaani haa jooni, fedde ndee jaɓii kuulal ngal amiir oo ƴetti ngal. Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, mawɗo gooto ina wiyee Mallam Waziri, rokki ɓe huutoraade suudu makko ndu alaa ɗo haaɗi ngam waɗde batuuji, so tawii ko kamɓe njuɓɓini ɗum. Ɓe kawri kaalis maɓɓe ɓe ndarni ɗum.[10]: 93 Ɓooytaani, laamu Angalteer rokki Aminu gooto e bursiiji jeeɗiɗi ngam janngude to Angalteer fuɗɗoraade lewru suwee 1946, ko o... jaɓaama.[8]: 276 [10]: 97 [14] [23]: 154 === Londres === E nder duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde to Londres, Aminu naatii e golle yimɓe hono Harold Laski, George Bernard Shaw, e Karl Mannheim, ɓe janngirɗe mum en ngoni « iwdi miijooji Aminu keewɗi e renndo aadee moƴƴo ». O jokkondiri e yimɓe e pelle keewɗe bannge nano to Londres, ina jeyaa heen lannda Sosiyaalist Labour, Fedde Sosiyaalist janngooɓe, e Sosiyaalist sukaaɓe, o hawri e sehilaaɓe e won e terɗe parlemaa bannge nano e "ardiiɓe toowɓe" pelle kominist kadi.[39]25 ko ɗum addani ardiiɓe politik gollotooɓe e oon sahaa, ko wayi no Aneurin Bevan e Fenner Brockway Caggal nde o feeñnini ɗeen miijooji e batte, Aminu etinooma hawrude e filosofiiji politik adanɗi rewooɓe Farayse e Amerik e sosiyaalisma Shavian Fabian e janngirɗe Usman dan Fodio, tawi fof ko e les njiimaandi miijooji radikal Sa’adu Zungur. O seedtii kadi ñalngu nguu e nder hareeji jeytaare leydi Indiya e leydi Pakistaan ​​rewrude e almudɓe ummoriiɓe leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Aminu, e wondude e almudɓe ummoriiɓe e leyɗeele koloniiji Biritaan en ceertuɗe, jaɓɓiima Ali Jinnah e Jawaharlal Nehru, ardiiɓe dille jeytaare Pakistaan ​​e Inndo, e nder njillu maɓɓe to Londres e hitaande 1947. Ɗee geɗe ina gasa tawa ko ɗe addani mo yiɗde sifaa hare Gandhi.[10]:02]1 E nder jaŋde makko, Aminu jannginii e duɗe leslese nokku oo, o waɗii jonte e nder ladde Galles, o woniino koɗo fedde Young Farmers’ Club. Ngam yoɓde njillu makko ngu o fotnoo waɗde e nder laddeeji Angalteer, o ƴetti golle firo ɗemngal Hausa e nder sosiyetee jaayndeeji Angalteer (BBC). Ko o sikkaano, o noddaama ngam wonde nulaaɗo to Jamboree Boy Scout winndereejo to Rosny, addani mo yahde Orop e njoɓdi ustaandi. Ko adii nde o yahata Farayse, denndaangal fedde « boy scout » yilliima galle laamorɗo Buckingham. Aminu ɗon hulna yi'ugo laamiiɗo e laamiiɗo debbo ɗon yewta e ɗon hawta bee sukaaɓe ɓen ko ɗum feerootiri masin bee no laamu lesdi Biritaniya ɗon mari haaje haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndee luural addi mo miijo, o firti ɗum ko maande ŋakkere laamu koloñaal jogorngu arde.[10]: 102–103 [14] == Tunorngal == ht5zmmgivv3mkxmls5dcrvid9na7lkh 177129 177128 2026-06-28T22:36:38Z MOIBARDE 10068 177129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Mallam Aminu Kano''' HeɗorGCON[1] (9 lewru bowte hitaande 1920 — 17 lewru abriil hitaande 1983) ko dawriyanke, jannginoowo, yimoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji, e senndikaajo jeyaaɗo to Kano. Gooto nder yimɓe ɓurduɓe anndugo nder diidaaɗi ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya e taariiha siyaasaaku ɓaawo ndimu ndimu, o anndiraama ngam luulndaaki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, laamu laamiiɓe aadaaji, e soynde potal ummatoore nder woyla Naajeeriya. O woniino sosɗo Dental Ƴellitaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange (NEPU) caggal ɗuum o ardii lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP), kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe lanndaaji sosiyaalist en, daraniiɓe ndimaagu talakawa (commons) e nder leydi Najeriya.[2][3][4][5][6] Aminu fuɗɗorii golle mum ko jannginoowo, o yalti ko e ƴaañde laamu koloñaal Angalteer gila e fuɗɗoode, o luulndii aristokraasi jibinannde e yeeso yimɓe fof, o ñiŋii laamu koloñaal nguu, ngu woni ko e tooñde e huutoraade talakawa en. E hitaande 1948, o sosi Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange, fedde gollotooɓe e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, o wonti tergal sosngal Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC), nde o woppi caggal ɗuum sabu jokkere enɗam mum. Ko o hooreejo NEPU gila 1953, o daranii sosiyaalisma demokaraasi, hakkeeji rewɓe, e doole talakawa, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e kuule lislaam e nuunɗal renndo.[4] O huwi nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1959 nden o waɗi kuuɗe ministaajo nder wakkati sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o laati Komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya les laamu Yakubu Gowon. Ko o depitee parlemaa e nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Aminu Kano ina wallitnoo dille ndimaagu e nder Afrik, ina ƴellita politik caggal leydi mo aldaa e paltoor. O arti caggal mum e politik lannda e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓere, o woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP.[4] Aminu Kano, mo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɗon laara bana waylugo gite, o acci limngal duumingal nder miijo siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya. Juɓɓule inniraaɗe e teddungal makko ina njeyaa heen: Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Mallam Aminu Kano, opitaal jannginoowo Aminu Kano, e koleesuuji keewɗi e nokkuuji wiɗto. O limtaama nder baaba'en sosɓe lesdi Naajeeriya hannde, nden o ɗon mari maande ngam nuunɗal rento e kuuɗe ɗen.[4][7] ==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol== Aminu Kano jibinaa ko e nder wuro Sudawa to Kano ñalnde 9 ut 1920 e Rakaiya e Mallam Yusufu mo Gyanawa, leñol Fulɓe anndiraaɓe e humpito mum en e sariyaaji lislaam.[6][8]: 274 E nder jibinannde yumma makko jeegom, ko kanko tan woni jibinannde Bo5 janngi no feewi e Lislaam, baaba makko caggal mum woni mawɗo Alkali Kano. Neene makko rokkaama tiitoonde Fulani Modibbo, nde heewi wonde ko annduɓe lislaam tedduɓe.[9]: 330 E wiyde aadaaji nokku oo, Usman dan Fodio, sosɗo Kalifaandi Sokoto, kanko e hoore makko o toɗɗii banndiiko Aminos e jappeere chiefkali. Gila ndeen, Gyanawa en ina ɗaɓɓiree jogaade jappeere laamu ko wayi no alkaliiji, waliiji e muftiiji Leñol yumma Aminu kadi ina joginoo worɓe e rewɓe jannguɓe heewɓe, ummoriiɓe e teeminanɗe. Ko kamɓe ngoni Fulɓe egguɓe gila Kukawa e nder laamu Bornu, fayde Kano.[8]: 274 [13]: 1:15 Ina jeyaa e maɓɓe mallam gooto, wonnooɗo wasiyaaji keertiiɗi to Emir Kano e oon sahaa, hono Sulimanu. Oo mallam ina joginoo hoore mum e reende e yeeyde ƴiye, o dañi innde Mallam Mai Tattabari (‘mallam jom ƴiye’). Ndee innde wonti tiitoonde laawɗunde e nder galle laamorɗo Kano, nde artiraa e lomtiiɓe mo, nde wonnoo ko Imaam en e wasiyaaji e sariyaaji lislaam.[10]: 27 Nde o woni cukalel, Aminu fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e jannginooɓe makko adanɓe ko yumma makko e neene makko, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njanngini mo ɗemngal Arab e no o janngirta Quraana.[12]: 100 [14] Caggal nde yumma makko maayi e hitaande 1926,[4] o ummii e galle kaaw makko, o hoɗi e les galle kaaw makko ha ton. Ndeen noon, Halilu, kaaw makko mo caggal mum toɗɗaa ‘Mallam Mai Tattabari’, wonti kalfinaaɗo jaŋde makko Quraana.[10]: 41–43 [15]: 243 Aminu ɓeydii winnditaade e duɗal leslesal Shehuci, duɗal hirnaange Engele.[8]: 276 [15]: 243 O ƴetti innde nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, Kano, ko innde makko, ko ɗum huunde woowaande e nder jannguɓe hirnaange to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e oon sahaa.[16]: 604 E hitaande 1933, Aminu fuɗɗii yahde duɗal hakkundeewal Kano (caggal ɗuum innitiraa ko duɗal Rumfa, Kano), duɗal gonngal hakkunde yimɓe. Ko ɗoon, e hitaande 1935, o ardii gooto e seppooji almudɓe gadani e nder leydi Nijeer ngam ŋakkeende saabunde, ŋakkeende nguura, "kuule keewɗe, e koɗki jikkuuji tiiɗɗi".[10]: 48–49 Ndeen o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna (caggal ɗuum o wayli innde makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa) ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa 1942.[8]: 276 [15]: 243 == Golle jannginde == Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna e hitaande 1940, Aminu suɓii ko janngude ko fayti e sariya, wonaa rewde laawol banndiraaɓe makko ɓurɓe suɓaade jannginde. Ndeeɗoo suɓngo heewaani sabu ñaawirɗe sharia, ɓurɗe waawde huutoreede e ñaawirɗe paralel to Kano e nder juulɓe, njaɓaani awokaaji. Yanti heen, nafoore makko e janngude safaara to Angalteer, haɗi mo yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yaba Higher College, ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko to Lagos to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, fotde duuɓi seeɗa. Kono, sabu jiiɓru almudɓe jokki, gardiiɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College saliima jaɓde Aminu, ganndiraaɗo ardaade seppooji almudɓe. Aminu kadi etinooma naatde e konu e polis kono o saliima e ɗiɗo fof nde tawnoo omo yahra e duuɓi 5, ko ina tolnoo e 100 meeteer, ina famɗi no feewi. To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, heewɓe ina njokki e wasiyaade mo yo o jokku golle jannginde kono ko jannginoowo makko ganndal, hono Doktoor R. E. Miller, addani mo ƴettude jannginde e nder golle makko.[10]: 60 [17][18][12]: 100 ko hujja Miller Ƴeew, miɗo wasiyoo ma nde naatataa e suudu janngirdu. Hare nde ina jokki, e Almaañnaaɓe ina njahra yeeso e kala fannu, ɗum wonaa huunde nde Hitler waawataa heɓtude leydi Nijeer e nder sahaa gooto. E nder ɗuum, aɗa sokli suuɗnde karallaagal, hol nokku ɓurɗo jannginde ? Ko wonaa cfuum, mi 6eydoto maa tan ko jannginoowo-e-heblo ganndal—gooto e gilli maa mawcfi, wonaa noon?[10]: 61 [12]: 100 E nder jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu halfinaama gure keewɗe ngam waɗde golle janngingol. E hitaande makko ɗiɗmere, o waɗii lebbi joy gooto e maɓɓe fof to Bauchi e Zaria e lebbi ɗiɗi goɗɗi "njillu duɗe to bannge worgo". Ko e hitaande makko sakkitiinde e heblo makko e hitaande 1942, miijooji makko politik radikaluuji ɓuuɓɗi peeñi. O fuɗɗii winndude e jaayɗe e jaayndeeji seeɗa gonɗi e oon sahaa, ko wayi no Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo e Pilot Afrik worgo, o ƴelliti nafoore mawnde e politik. Ko e ndee hitaande kadi o winndi deftere makko wiyeteende ‘Kano les martolin otokaraasi native’, nde o winndi e laamu native.[8]: 277 [10]: 69–70 Hakkunde joofnirde dumunna makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o hawri e Sa'adu Zungur, potnooɗo "waɗde batte e miijo Aminu no feewi".[10]: 72 [9]: 329 Zungur, ɓurɗo Aminu mawnude e ardiiɗo politik radikal e nder Duɗal Pharma . Aminu ina heewi yeewtidde juutnde e Zungur, ina heewi yillaade galle makko caggal jaŋde. Anndugol maɓɓe fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1935 nde Zungur yilliima Kano, o acci heen miijo duumotoongo e Aminu e miijooji makko radikal e yahrude yeeso. Aminu jokki jokkondirde e Zungur haa ɓe kawri e Zaria.[10]: 72 === Bauchi === Nde o timmini jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu ummiima Bauchi, o ƴetti golle jannginoowo tokooso to duɗal hakkundeewal Bauchi.[17] Gollodiiɓe makko e duɗal ngal ko Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e Yahaya Gusau. Jokkondiral Aminu e Balewa, mo ɓaawo man laati hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya tan, fuɗɗi wakkati ɓe ɗon janngina haa Bauchi. Ko e oon sahaa Balewa rokki mo innde ‘Molotov’, innde Vyacheslav Molotov, hooreejo dowla Sowiyetik. Zungur kadi ummiima Bauchi e oon sahaa, caggal nde o arti wuro makko sabu rafi ɓuuɓɗo mo o heɓi to Zaria.[10]: 84–85 Aminu ina teddiniree no feewi e nder almuɓɓe duɗal ngal. Ɓe keewi hawrude ko e galle makko caggal waktuuji jaŋde ngam yeewtidde e golle goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa jaŋde. O yuɓɓinta sahaa e sahaa fof pijirlooji e kollirɗe ngam almuɓɓe, sahaa e sahaa fof omo huutoroo golle Abubakar Imaam. Ngam ɓeydude heen jaŋde makko, o waɗii almuɓɓe makko jime e jimɗi. O woniino kadi e nder renndooji janngooɓe ceertuɗi ko wayi no dingiral, jeewte, e ganndal.[10]: 85–86 Jokkondiral makko e almuɓɓe e miijooji makko cemmbinɗi, addani mo waasde yiɗde njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal e jannginooɓe woɗɓe. Heen sahaa gooto, fedde almudɓe ndee fof waɗii seppo sabu geɗe bayɗe no ŋakkeende uniformeeji e kaɓirɗe, ŋakkeende kaalis poos, e ŋakkeende nguura. Almuudo gooto mo yalti, suka hooreejo mo woni miñi Balewa, woni kaaloowo maɓɓe. Almuɓɓe mawɓe ɓee, ina jeyaa e maɓɓe Sule Katagum, ina ardoo almuɓɓe woɗɓe ɓee feewde Maiduguri. Emir Bauchi e jannginooɓe heewɓe nanngi ɓe, ina njiɗi haaldude, kono almuɓɓe ɓee ina cemmbina haaldude e Aminu tan. Caggal ɗuum, Aminu ari e Yahya Gusau, o « holliti ɓe wonde wullitaango maɓɓe maa heɓ weeyo no haanirta nii » o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ngartu e cuuɗi maɓɓe. Caggal wiɗto wullitaango ngoo, ngo laaɓtinaama, ɗum addani lomtinande hooreejo duɗal ngal Balewa, "mo feewni bonanndeeji gonɗi ko adii ɗii".[10]: 86 === Dental ɓamtaare mawngal Bauchi === E hitaande 1943, Aminu, e wondude e Zungur, Balewa e Gusau, sosi Dental Moƴƴingol Bauchi (BGIU), ɗo ɓe mbaɗi jeewte ngam ñiŋde politik koloñaal Angalteer e laamu ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[12]: 100 tawi Zungur ina joginoo batte nannduɗe e Zanguria, ina gasa tawa ko fedde nde yuɓɓini ɗum e hitaande 1943 Dental ɓamtaare mawnde e nder diiwanuuji worgo (NPGIU).[20] Aminu e Zungur mbinndi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe ngam haɓaade politik ‘directed labour’ Angalteer, mo ɓe njiyri ko no mbaydi njulaagu mbaylaandi. Nde Angalteer ɗaɓɓi nguura, tinndinoore, e soldateeɓe heewɓe ngam wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, laamuuji koloñaal en mbaɗti tiiɗnaade e laamuuji leydi ndii ngam ‘’dartina’’ keewal nguura e doole yimɓe. Biritaniya huutoriima no feewi doole kisal ɗe ndarnaaka e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya ngam wallitde konu mum caggal musiibaaji konu mum to Fuɗnaange ɓadiiɗo e hitaande 1942.[21] Gooto e binndanɗe Aminu ɗe siynaaka, ko mawɗo diiwaan oo, hono A J Knott, e nder Pilot Afrik worgo janngi ɗum, o rewi heen haa BGIU. Ndee yiytunde addani dental ngal fusde, lomtinaa ngal e fedde yeewtere Bauchi (BDC) walla Majalisar Tadi ta Bauchi, nde laamuuji koloñaal toppitii. BDC sosaa ko no lowre sankitiinde ngam jeewte udditiiɗe, tawa ina hawra e ‘kala miijooji’.[10]: 89 [12]: 89 [20][22]: 423 === Bauchi Yeewtere Cirkel === BDC waɗii jeewte yontere kala, ina noddira yimɓe heewɓe ko wayi no ardiiɓe departemaaji, njuɓɓudi laamu, yeeyooɓe e jannginooɓe. Limre tawtoraaɓe ɓee ɓurii Limre Dental Bauchi General Improvement Union (BGIU) ɓennungal ngal, ngal dañii moƳƳere ɓurnde welde e rokkude kuulal laamu nguu. Aminu, hono binndoowo, ko kañum halfinaa neldude noddaango e suɓaade toɓɓe ɗe yeewtetee. Ɗeen toɓɓe yeewtaaɗe ko ɓamtaare faggudu, demokaraasi, safaara, hare e diine. Nde toɓɓere ndee woni ndimaagu jaayndeeji, Aminu e Zungur teeŋtinii luural e nder politik Angalteer, ɓe mbiyi wonde bannge gooto ɓe ndartinii e ɓe ñaawii e nder keeri daande tan ko jeyaaɓe e amiir en, bannge goɗɗo oo, ɓe cemmbinii e yeeso yimɓe fof miijo e eɓɓoore jeytaare.[10]: 89 E nder yeewtere jowitiinde e njiimaandi ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi, o wiyi wonde « ndi wuuri ko e faandaare nde ndi fotnoo waɗde » e wonde ndi « njuɓɓudi laamu koloñaal ɓurndi huutoraade ndi aduna o meeɗaa anndude ».[10]: 90 [12]: 100: 100: 100 [12]: 100 100: 100: 90 [12]: 100 100: 100 [100]: 100 100: 100 [100]: 100 e Capha emiraaji mum mbayliima wonti njuɓɓudi ndi Shehu Usman dan Fodio, sosɗo ɗum oo, anniyaaki. Aminu wi'i limngal kaliifa'en ɗon mari haaje tuugaago dow nafuuda naa dow jibinannde, nden boo laamu otokaraasi ɗon luura bee janngirde Annabi Lislaama Muhammadu e Shehu. Balewa, nde tawnoo ko kañum ɓuri Aminu ɓuuɓde, ina daranii no feewi njuɓɓudi laamu ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi, ina wiya wonde jogaade sariya e deeƴre ina foti wonde huunde himmunde ngam tabitinde tuugnorgal ɗo peeje yiɗaaɗe mbaawi waɗeede e dow mum. Zungur, leeso e nder jonnde ndee, e jaabtaade Balewa, winndi hujjaaji mum e nder ɓataake mo Aminu yettini e dingiral yeewtere ndee e nder jonnde aroore ndee. E nder ndeeɗoo ɓataake, o semmbini hujjaaji Aminu ɗii, o ɓeydi heen seeɗa e hujjaaji makko.[10]: 90 O wiyi Balewa yo ƴeewto no o dañiri "miijo bonngo" ngam daɗndude laamu nguu, o ɓeydi heen : Suɓagol elite gutter mum [Native Authority] waɗaaka e dow hakkille walla e mbaawka, kono ko e salaade tan yiɗde ɓiyleydi laaɓtundi. Terɗe fedde laamuyankoore ina njogii wellitaare desperadoes ngam njulaagu, alaa ko ŋakki so wonaa kala ko dañi.[10]: 90 E nder batu goɗɗo, Aminu naamndii Ofisee Knott : « Hol ko woni njoɓdi amiir ? Knott jaabtii wonde ɗum fawii ko e tolno golle makko e teddeendi golle makko. Ndeen Aminu hollitii wonde hay so tawii ina famɗi doosɗe e golle so yerondiraama e Emir Bauchi, Lamido Adamawa ina heɓa njoɓdi ɓurndi heewde. Caggal ngool mbayliigu, batu nguu joofi ko ɗoon e ɗoon. Ɓooytaani, Knott habri wonde BDC ina joofna, o wiyi wonde jeewte ɗee ina ‘njippii e laawol’.[10]: 91 [22]: 423 === Nokku renndo Bauchi === Ngam lomtaade BDC, Aminu e Zungur cosi fedde politik woɗnde, hono nokku renndo Bauchi. Puɗɗagol fotde 20 tergal, batu maɓɓe gadano waɗi ko to defterdu Native Authority, sara galle amiir. E nder ndeeɗoo batu, tawi ina wondi e polis, Balewa ɓadtiima ɓe e ɗaɓɓaande amiir oo, wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ndartu sabu « denndaangal senndikaaji (juɓɓule) ina kaɗaa ». Zungur ndeen wiyi mo yo o haalan amiir oo wonde ɓe njahataa fusde. Caggal nde Balewa yahi, ɓe pelliti yettinde ɓataake to mawɗo politik ngam humpitaade ko waɗi koo, ɓe mbiyi amiir oo ina tooña hakkeeji maɓɓe.[10]: 91–92 Balɗe tati caggal ɗuum, terɗe fedde ndee noddaama ngam jokkondirde e amiir oo. Amiir oo salii yamirde yo ɓe ndartu, o wiyi o haɗii ɓe tan huutoraade « masiŋaaji binndol e gollorɗe defterdu Native Authority ». Hay so Balewa wulliima wonde o yettinii konngol ngol o rokkaa ngol no haanirta nii, Zungur ina heppi huutoraade ngalɗoo luural, haala kaa jokkaani haa jooni, fedde ndee jaɓii kuulal ngal amiir oo ƴetti ngal. Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, mawɗo gooto ina wiyee Mallam Waziri, rokki ɓe huutoraade suudu makko ndu alaa ɗo haaɗi ngam waɗde batuuji, so tawii ko kamɓe njuɓɓini ɗum. Ɓe kawri kaalis maɓɓe ɓe ndarni ɗum.[10]: 93 Ɓooytaani, laamu Angalteer rokki Aminu gooto e bursiiji jeeɗiɗi ngam janngude to Angalteer fuɗɗoraade lewru suwee 1946, ko o... jaɓaama.[8]: 276 [10]: 97 [14] [23]: 154 === Londres === E nder duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde to Londres, Aminu naatii e golle yimɓe hono Harold Laski, George Bernard Shaw, e Karl Mannheim, ɓe janngirɗe mum en ngoni « iwdi miijooji Aminu keewɗi e renndo aadee moƴƴo ». O jokkondiri e yimɓe e pelle keewɗe bannge nano to Londres, ina jeyaa heen lannda Sosiyaalist Labour, Fedde Sosiyaalist janngooɓe, e Sosiyaalist sukaaɓe, o hawri e sehilaaɓe e won e terɗe parlemaa bannge nano e "ardiiɓe toowɓe" pelle kominist kadi.[39]25 ko ɗum addani ardiiɓe politik gollotooɓe e oon sahaa, ko wayi no Aneurin Bevan e Fenner Brockway Caggal nde o feeñnini ɗeen miijooji e batte, Aminu etinooma hawrude e filosofiiji politik adanɗi rewooɓe Farayse e Amerik e sosiyaalisma Shavian Fabian e janngirɗe Usman dan Fodio, tawi fof ko e les njiimaandi miijooji radikal Sa’adu Zungur. O seedtii kadi ñalngu nguu e nder hareeji jeytaare leydi Indiya e leydi Pakistaan ​​rewrude e almudɓe ummoriiɓe leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Aminu, e wondude e almudɓe ummoriiɓe e leyɗeele koloniiji Biritaan en ceertuɗe, jaɓɓiima Ali Jinnah e Jawaharlal Nehru, ardiiɓe dille jeytaare Pakistaan ​​e Inndo, e nder njillu maɓɓe to Londres e hitaande 1947. Ɗee geɗe ina gasa tawa ko ɗe addani mo yiɗde sifaa hare Gandhi.[10]:02]1 E nder jaŋde makko, Aminu jannginii e duɗe leslese nokku oo, o waɗii jonte e nder ladde Galles, o woniino koɗo fedde Young Farmers’ Club. Ngam yoɓde njillu makko ngu o fotnoo waɗde e nder laddeeji Angalteer, o ƴetti golle firo ɗemngal Hausa e nder sosiyetee jaayndeeji Angalteer (BBC). Ko o sikkaano, o noddaama ngam wonde nulaaɗo to Jamboree Boy Scout winndereejo to Rosny, addani mo yahde Orop e njoɓdi ustaandi. Ko adii nde o yahata Farayse, denndaangal fedde « boy scout » yilliima galle laamorɗo Buckingham. Aminu ɗon hulna yi'ugo laamiiɗo e laamiiɗo debbo ɗon yewta e ɗon hawta bee sukaaɓe ɓen ko ɗum feerootiri masin bee no laamu lesdi Biritaniya ɗon mari haaje haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndee luural addi mo miijo, o firti ɗum ko maande ŋakkere laamu koloñaal jogorngu arde.[10]: 102–103 [14] === Fedde jannginooɓe worgo === E lewru marse 1948,[27] nde o woni e janngude haa jooni to Londres, Aminu sosi Fedde Wellitaare Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange (caggal ɗuum Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange), fedde adannde e nder diiwaan hee e senngo gollotooɓe e nder Fuɗnaange Nijeer,[8]: 276 [28][29]: along the otherers from Sali 169 [30]: 66 Senngo ngo ina jokki e haalde ko fayti e geɗe bayɗe no hakkeeji e wellitaare jannginooɓe, ceergal hakkunde diine e wellitaare jannginooɓe e Fuɗnaange e bus moƴƴo sy jannginooɓe nder Duɗe Misiyon Kirista'en ngam nastugo nder kawtal.[10]: 101-102 [12]: 91 [31]: 258 Senngo ngoo mawnii no feewi, ina joginoo fotde 200 tergal e lewru mum adanndu[32] e 25 cazeele e nder hitaande mum adannde, caggal mum ina jogii batte e nder pelle ngenndiije diiwaan oo, garnooze caggal mum.[29]: 41 te [33]: 356 jokki golle e nder worgo Naajeeriya haa is kawtal bee kawtal jannginooɓe Naajeeriya, kawtal jannginooɓe ɓurdungal mawnugo nder fombina Naajeeriya, nder hitaande 1972.[34]: 260 === Hoto ngartu e Bauchi === Nde o timmini jaŋde makko e hitaande 1948, Aminu arti Bauchi ngam fuɗɗaade golle makko janngingol to duɗal hakkundeewal Bauchi. Lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum o artiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi.[10]: 110 E nder oon sahaa, Sir John MacPherson, guwerneer keso toɗɗaaɗo leydi Najeriya, ina jokki e waɗde njillu e nder diiwaan hee. O fotnoo ko njillu e gure mawɗe Fuɗnaange, kono o yaltini Bauchi. Aminu e Zungur cikkatnoo ko ndeeɗoo feere ko huunde nde Guwerneer oo e wasiyaaji mum mbaɗi ngam haɗde haɓaade radikal en wuro ngoo e doggol ɗaɓɓaande mum en e wullitaango mum en. Ɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ɓadtii Emir Bauchi, ɓe kolliti mo peeje laamu nguu ngam haɗde domen makko, ɓe mbiyi ko sabu baasal duɗe Bauchi, laabi e faggudu. Ɓe keɓii faamnude mo yo ɓe njaɓ yuɓɓinde seppo mawngo ngam salaade ko Guwerneer oo waɗi koo. Ndee ɗoo hiirde mawnde, nde woni ko adii fof e nder Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, hawri ko e ujunere neɗɗo.[10]: 110–111 Aminu, e oon sahaa ko jannginoowo tokooso haa jooni, noddaama to Kaduna ngam hawritde e A J Knott (ofisiyee diiwaan yuɓɓinnooɗo BDC e hitaande 1943), jooni ko hooreejo laamu nguu, e Sir MacPherson. E nder ndeeɗoo batu, guwerneer oo, e wiyde Aminu, ina wiyee : A hollitii wonde aɗa sikki min njiɗi ko jogaade Fuɗnaange caggal, Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange peccii—aɗa yiɗi min njaha mbele leydi maa ina heɓa jeytaare. Aan ko a gorko ummoriiɗo e galle Kano teeŋtuɗo, suka, keewɗo ruuhu, kono aɗa foti anndude wonde min njiɗaa haɗde waylooji e haɗde leydi ndii yahrude yeeso.[10]: 115 Knott jokki e humpitaade Aminu wonde ɓe ngoni ko e waɗde hakkillaaji maɓɓe e ƴattooje makko e laamu nguu, o wiyi "min njiɗii no feewi worɓe hono maa, ardiiɓe leydi maa". Ɓe ndokki mo darnde nde addanta mo ƴeewtaade e tawtoreede "taƴre kaalis laamu" walla hay so tawii ko gardiiɗo jaaynde Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo. Caggal nde o arti Bauchi, Aminu, caggal nde o ƴeewtindii ɗeen ɗaɓɓaande, o yeewtidi e Zungur e woɗɓe, o wiyi wonde ɗeen ɗaɓɓaande ko etaade laamu nguu ustude golle maɓɓe daraniiɗe jojjanɗe aadee. Ndeen noon, Aminu salii ɗaɓɓaande ndee, o humpitii Knott e MacPherson wonde o ɓuri yiɗde ko heddaade e jannginoowo.[12]: 101 O salii kadi caggal ɗuum golle jannginoowo e ɗemngal Hausa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oxford.[10]: 115–119 Kono, lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum, e nder golle maɓɓe jokkuɗe ngam sarde radikal en Bauchi, laamu Angalteer artiri Aminu to Maru to Sokoto, toɗɗii mo hooreejo duɗal jannginooɓe kesal mahaaɗo.[10]: 116 [35]: 72 === Sokotoo === Sokoto wonnoo ko laamorgo Kalifaandi Sokoto e teeminannde 19ɓiire, sosaa ko e jihaadi Usmaan dan Fodio. Kalifaajo man ɗon mari ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya nden ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder amiir'en ɗon mari haaje hokkugo Sultan Sokoto.[36] Caggal nde Angalteer koloni dowla oo e nder fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, Sokoto wonti diiwaan, darnde Sultan ustii ; amiiruuji keddiiɗi ɗii njaabtiima laamu Angalteer, nattii jaabtaade Sultan. Kono tan, nde jokki e wonde nokku ɗo laamu aadaaji e diineeji ngoni e nder diiwaan hee. Ndeen noon, nde hiisaama ko taƴre ɓurnde ɓuuɓde e Fuɗnaange ɓuuɓnde no feewi.[10]: 118 Maru (jooni ko Maru, diiwaan Zamfara), wuro e nder diiwaan hee, ina joginoo 8 256 neɗɗo e hitaande 1964.[37] Ina laaɓi wonde yahdu Aminu e Maru wonaa tan ngam woɗɗinde mo e Zungur kono kadi ngam seerndude mo e haɗde mo golle makko. Nde o ari, o etiima sosde dingiral yeewtere kono yimɓe jannguɓe ina pamɗi e sara makko kadi wuro mawngo ɓurngo ɓadaade Maru ina woɗɗi 35 kiloomeeteer, "dow laabi kulɓiniiɗi, ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi". Sultan oo, hono Siddiq Abubakar III, ina ƴeewndotoo mo kadi, hono no Aminu yiytiri ɗum caggal ɗuum nii. O anndi mawɗo mo o hokkata sadakaaji wakkati fuu, o ɗonno ƴama Sultan nder asaweeje ɗuuɗɗe nder jooɗorde maako haa Maru.[10]: 118–120 E nder dumunna mo o woni e Maru oo fof, Aminu tawi ko e nder hareeji ɗi o meeɗaa waɗde e Sultan. Fuɗɗorii ko nde Aminu riiwti Yan Labari, walla ƴoƴɓe Sultan, caggal nde o ari. Caggal mum, o neldi ɓataake wullitaango feewde e laamuuji Angalteer, o wiyi wonde kaalis potɗo huutoreede ngam remooɓe ɓee, ɓe leydi mum en huutortee ngam waɗde duɗal ngal, yettaaki ɓe.[12]: 101 Luural goɗngal ummii ko nde Aminu e Abubakar Gumi, gollodiiɗo Grander ca Aminust mo worgo Nijeer e al later Feere Qadiriyya-Tijaniyya nder diiwal ngal nde ɓe haɗi almudɓe maɓɓe yahdugo juulde Jumaare ngam haala wuutugo imaam. E wiyde ɗiɗo ɓee, liimam Maru ina waɗa tayammum, ko huunde nde rewnaaka so ndiyam potɗam wuɗde ina famɗi, hay so tawii noon ndiyam ina ŋakki e Maru. Komisiyoŋ wiɗto mo Sultan oo sosi, yaltinii Gumi, o wiyi Sultan oo yo o waɗ heen hoore makko e nder Maru ngam dartinde golle tayammum. Ko fayti e wasiyaaji komisiyoŋ oo, Sultan salii ɗooftaade ɗum, salii riiwtude Limaam oo.[10]: 120–127 [38] Oon sahaa, Aminu ina renndini jokkondire moƴƴe e Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna Sokoto, joginooɗo luural e Sultan. Nde ñaawirde Sultan ñaawi Bello sabu mum bonnude njoɓdi jangali (‘joɓdi jawdi’) e hitaande 1943, Aminu rokki feccere mawnde e njoɓdi jannginoowo Bauchi mum e kaalis defansiyoŋ Bello. Nde Aminu woni jooni e Maru, Bello yi’i mo ko no sehil potɗo haɓtaade Sultan. Bello ina heewi yillaade Aminu to Maru, e nder njillu Aminu to Sokoto ngam waɗde batu doosgal leydi, o jooɗii ko e galle Bello. E nder ooɗoo sahaa, Sultan oo noddii Aminu noddaango keeriiɗo, ina gasa tawa ina ɗaɓɓa nanondiral. O ɗaɓɓiri batu 2ɓo subaka, kono nde o anndi Aminu haalanii Bello ndee noddaango, Sultan oo mettini heen no feewi, o woppi batu nguu.[10]: 124–125 === Koolol yimɓe Fuɗnaange === Sabu nafooje senngo jannginooɓe Aminu, worɓe jannguɓe woɗɓe teskinaaɓe e nder diiwaan hee ɓadtiima mo ko fayti e sosde fedde nanndunde e ndee. E nder darorɗe hitaande 1948, pelle ceertuɗe to Zaria, Kaduna e Bauchi kawri ngam sosde Jam’iyyar Mutanen Arewa walla Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC). E lewru suwee 1949, batu udditgol fedde ndee yuɓɓinaama to otel Green’s to Kaduna, fotde 500 neɗɗo tawtoraama. Terɗe sosɗe ɗee ko Dr. R. A. B. Dikko, Yahaya Gusau, Abubakar Imam (rewtinoowo Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo), Yuusuf Maitama Sule, Aliyu Mai Bornu, Aminu Kano, Isa Wali (ɓiɗɗo mawniiko Aminu) e Sa’adu Zungur, mo wonnoo koolaaɗo kuuɓal fedde NC Ca Naajeeriya wakkati.[10]: 111 [33]: 358 [39]: 75 E batu mum gadano e lewru desaambar 1949, ardiiɓe kongres oo, hono Dikko e Gusau, kollitii wonde kongres oo yiɗaa foolde laamu koloñaal e aristokraasi, tee : Jam'iyyar anniyaaki ƴettude laamu laamɓe men Natural; ko wonaa ɗuum koo, ko yiɗde amen tiiɗnde ɓeydude ngalɗoo laamu kala nde waawi wonde e kala ɗo waawi wonde. Eɗen njiɗi wallude laamɓe men Natural e nder golle mum en no haanirta nii...Eɗen njiɗi wallude ɓe e yaynaade Talakawa [yimɓe ɓooyɓe].[33]: 358 [39]: 75 Ofisee diiwaan gooto, gardinooɗo Hoɗɓe Kano, jeertinii tawtoraaɓe ɓee wonde ɓe mbaawataa addude peeje ɗe ɓe njiɗi tan so ɓe njaltii "seese e hakkille" e wonde "neɗɗo ina foti janngude yahde hade mum dogde". Aminu jaabiima e naamnaade mo yo o humpit mawɓe makko wonde : So en njahii koyɗe en njahrataa ko, en ndogat. Kadi so en njippiima, en ƴettat koye men, en ndoga kadi. Kono maande, min njahataa e koyɗe. Aɗa waawi wiyde min njaha e gelooɗi, walla puccu, kono hay min njuppataa e oto mo min njaha e laana ndiwoowa. Kadi Biritaan en ina poti haɗde en suɓaade laabi men yah-ngartaa, hay so tawii noon ko yaawi.[10]: 121–122 [12]: 93 Laamɓe Fuɗnaange heewɓe, ko wayi no Sultan, Amir Kano e Amir Zaria, njaɓii ngool jikku ‘harmless’ e ‘deferential’ kongres oo. Kono tan, terɗe tokoose hono Maitama, Aminu, e Zungur ina cikkatnoo wonde kongres oo ina yaaji no feewi e emiiruuji ɗii e laamuuji Angalteer ɗii fof, ina teeŋtina haaju mum e peewnugol politik to Fuɗnaange. E joofnirde e lewru ut 1950, won e terɗe NPC radikal en to Kano sosi Dental Jamiyar Neman Sawaba, lannda politik gadano bayyinaango e nder Fuɗnaange Nijeer.[12]: 94 NEPU ina joginoo semmbe e Zungur, radikal en peeñɗi Fedde.[33]: 359 Ɓe njoginoo ballal Aminu, mo waawaano naatde e lannda ka e oon sahaa nde tawnoo omo gollina laamu haa jooni, o waawaano naatde e lannda politik e peeñcu.[10]: 123 [12]: 94 === Deƴƴere === Aminu rokki ɓataake mum deƴƴere ñalnde 16 oktoobar 1950, o ummii Maru haa laaɓi ñalnde 4 noowammbar e ndeen hitaande. Sheek Usmaan Bida, mo Aminu wonnoo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, e Sule Katagum, Wazirin Katagum, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe cikki ko o doole ngam woppude laamu. Kanko Aminu, o miijotonoo ko ndeeɗoo feere gila e lewru abriil ndeen hitaande. Nde cukko hooreejo jaŋde to bannge worgo jeertini mo wonde o toɗɗaaka so o jokkii e golle makko politik, Aminu winndi e nder deftere makko, "Ko noon ne kadi, ko ɗuum woni caɗeele makko. Miin ko mi woppu golle haa hitaande aroore."[10]: 129 Winndannde nde Aminu winndi, ina hollita sabaabu mum deƴƴere, yaltinaa e jaaynde wiyeteende Daily Comet ñalnde 11 noowammbar 1950 : Mi woppii golle sabu mi saliima goongɗinde wonde ndii leydi ko kasoo e nder laamuuji Angalteer-Fulani—mi woppii golle sabu miɗo wondi e miijo wonde laamuuji ngenndiiji ɗii ... ina njogii yaakaare no feewi e safrude caɗeele men jaŋde, renndo, faggudu, politik walla hay diine—My hared stay in England and my all above... jojjanɗe aadee ɗe aduna o haɓata e fasisma—mi hulɓinaama laabi ɗiɗi e ƴiye ɗe ngalaa yurmeende... tawi ko saraaji ɗii fof ina njuɓɓina fenaande, laamu bonngu, bluff politik, maccuɗaagu les garb goɗɗo, nepotism ɓuuɓɗo, tippudi, baasal...retention mo alaa ko nafata e faggudu canmedkei e...exploration faggudu muñan ɗee geɗe sabu uurngol mum en bonngol...miɗo hebli noddireede kala innde. Noddu am koyɗol walla noddu am rewolison; noddu am kulɓiniiɗo walla kala ko oo laamu imperiyaalisma yiɗi. Mi yi’i annoore e dow ŋoral toowngal, miɗo anniya yahde e nder taarik mum timmuɗo, tawa ko miin tan walla e kala jiɗɗo yahdude e am. E ɓeeɗoo suppitooɓe leñol men, mbiɗo wiya ɗum nii: Look Out! Afrik ko mawɗo ɗaaniiɗo nattii! O woni tan ko e diwde e ŋoral...?"[10]: 129-130 [26]: 243 [25]: 541 == Golle politik == === Ko adii jeytaare (1950—1959) === Nepotism, baasal e nder njuumri mum, ñawu, maccungaagu e les njiimaandi goɗɗo, tooñannge e majjere nde alaa hersa, ina keewi no feewi no waynoo ko adii gargol imperiyaalisma e nder teeminannde 19ɓiire. Ƴellitaare walla toɗɗagol worɓe ɓe nganndaa janngude, sukaaɓe walla ɓaleeɓe, e jappeere laamu toownde ko heewi ko ngam aksidaa jibinannde tan walla ngam « ɓadtaade naafigaagal » wonaa tan ngam ittude ɓesngu nguu hakkillaaji mum en e eɓɓooji mum en kono kadi ko seede hollirde wonde ndeeɗoo otokaraasi yuɓɓo ko replica native premedilam to the British momtude. — E nder ƴeewndo Aminu e hitaande 1953, Dr. Walter Miller winndi "Mbele en ŋakkiraama e nder leydi Najeriya?"[40] Caggal nde o woppi laamu, Aminu arti Kano, o naati e lannda « Northern Elements Progressive Union » (NEPU) e dow laawol.[12]: 101 Paandaale lannda ka cifaaɗe ɗee ina njeyaa heen « ndimaagu talakawa » (yimɓe) rewrude e « peewnugol politik e nder laamuuji otokaraasi hannde ɗii ». E nder batu ɗiɗaɓuru hitaandeejo Kongres Leƴƴi Fuɗnaange (NPC) e lewru desaambar 1950, kuulal NEPU, ngal Aminu winndi, noddii nde NPC bayyinaa wonde "lannda politik ngenndiyaŋke laaɓtuɗo".[12]: 95 It became political up to party, It became political up to party demokaraasi leydi ndii.[9]: 359–360 Kono tan, amiiruuji doole e "won e ofiseeji njuɓɓudi" ina njiyri NPC ko fedde jogiinde miijooji radikal kulɓiniiɗi. Kuutoragol terɗe terɗe moƳƳere e konservatiif ummii, e kulol wonde NPC, so yiytaama no radikal nii, ina waawi haɓaade ngam wonde lannda ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Fuɗnaange. Terɗe NPC keewɗe ina ndartini yaltude e fedde nde so tawii terɗe NEPU ɗee njaltinaaka.[12]: 95–96 Shehu Shagari, hono hooreejo fedde NPC nde sukaaɓe Sokoto, hokkaama yamiroore ngam salaade kala ɗaɓɓaande Aminu e Zungur ngam heɓde darnde ardorde e nder batu Jos NPC mo hitaande 1950. Shagari, e laawol mum feewde batu nguu, hawri e Aminu e Zungur e nder oto, humpitii ɓe ndeeɗoo yamiroore. O wiyi wonde Aminu, nde nani ɗum, o hirjinii mo « huutoraade mandat mo ndokkaa-mi oo » o hollitii mo kadi jokkude sehilaagal maɓɓe e teddungal maɓɓe.[30]: 68–69 [41]: 25 Ko ɗum waɗi, NEPC, ƴettuɗo hoore mum, yalti e N lannda.[10]: 140-141 [41]: 25-33 Aminu tawtoraama daawal wooteeji gadani e wooteeji parlemaa gadani e lewru suwee 1951 ngam suɓaade suudu sarɗiiji to bannge worgo. Lannda makko, NEPU, heɓi nafoore e 12 e nder 26 jooɗorɗe dokkaaɗe ngam wuro Kano, ɓuri lanndaaji tati keddiiɗi ɗii, ina heen ardiiɓe njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii, tawi ko kam en fof njogii jooɗorɗe jeegom.[12]: 30 [35]: 74 kanndidaaji cakkitiiɗi ɗi kolees to gese suudu sarɗiiji rewrude e woote sirlu. Ɗeeɗoo koleesuuji, tawi ina mbaɗi pelle tokoose, heen gooto fof waɗii teemedde keewɗe woote walla ko ɓuri ɗum.[12]: 29 Hay so tawii NEPU ina joginoo nafoore e daawal gadanal ngal, Aminu ina famɗi no feewi e golle woote cakkitiiɗe ɗee, heɓi 16 woote e nder 68 woote, tee hay gooto e NEPU secuɓe e nder 68 woote Asammbele, wonnoo ko kolees woote wonande suudu sarɗiiji. Terɗe NEPU nayi, puɗɗiiɗe heɓde nafoore e daawal hakkundeewal, tawi ina kaɓa e kanndidaaji ɗi ɓe keɓi ko adii ɗuum, ummoriiɗi e laamu leydi ndii e nder daawal gadanal ngal.[12]: 30 [35]: 74 Sabu batte wooteeji ɗii, ko ɗum woni ko Biritaannaaɓe njiyri wonde laamu Biritaannaaɓe e laamu nguu njuɓɓudi woote ɓurndi welde e laamu ngenndi,[12]: 30 [14][42]: 78–79 e "ko heewi e terɗe cuɓaaɗe ɗee ngonti daraniiɓe nafooje mum". wonde Aminu dañii woote ɗee nde tawnoo "ina waawi ittude heen mettere e nder njuɓɓudi Aminu" e wonde "[Fuɗnaange Nijeer] ina haani denndaangal worɓe waawɓe mooftude, e mbaawka Aminu alaa ko waawi naamneede".[43]: 225 Seppo mawngo "15,000 NExtayer souls [PU] yuɓɓinaa keeɓal. Lannda kaa yuɓɓinii wooteeji njuɓɓudi ngam hollitde wonde wooteeji toowɗi ina mbaawi waɗeede e nder njuɓɓudi. NEPU dañii dañde kaalis keewɗo ngam neldude Aminu to Angalteer « ngam ñaawde haala mum en yeeso Parlemaa Angalteer e yimɓe fof ». E ballal Thomas Hodgkin e John Collins, Aminu dañii hawrude e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji, depiteeji Fabian, e jaagorgal leydi Angalteer. Laamu Native Authority jaabtii ɗum e ƴattaade e uddude terɗe NEPU e nder Kano, teeŋti noon e ƴattaade Gambo Sawaba, daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe, gardiiɗo fedde rewɓe NEPU. NPC, hannde woni lannda politik ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Fuɗnaange, huutoriima kadi ‘fedde jom en hakkillaaji en’, ɓe nganndu-ɗaa ko Yan Mahaukata (‘yimɓe majjuɓe’) walla Jam’iyyar Mahaukata (‘Lanndaaji majjuɓe’), ngam ustude terɗe lanndaaji politik goɗɗi to Kano, haa teeŋti noon e terɗe NEPU. Gaagaa sosde fedde wiyeteende Positive Action Wing (PAW) ngam haɓaade ɗeen bonanndeeji, won terɗe parlemaa Angalteer, ko wayi no Fenner Brockway, mbaɗti tiiɗnaade e laamu koloñaal ngam haɗde golle bonɗe ɗee. PAW fusi haa jooni e hitaande 1954 nde wonnoo ko kañum ɓuri Yan Mahaukata doolnude. Sabu darnde makko toownde e nder lannda kaa, Aminu ina reeni no feewi e fitinaaji ɓalli ɗi terɗe NEPU keddiiɗe ɗee mbaɗata.[48]: 137 Kono Aminu ina joginoo nanngugol keewngol e juuɗe laamu leydi ndii. Teskaama e nder kampaañ woote fedde ndee e hitaande 1954, o ñaawaa laabi ɗiɗi. Arano oo, ko ngam fiyde lefol NEPU e dow oto makko to wuro Kano—golle ɗe aadaaji mum en mbaɗata ko Emir Kano e hoɗɓe e leydi Angalteer. Ɗiɗaɓere, ngam yaltinde binndanɗe ɗe o tuumaa ko ‘anniya fenaande’, ɗum addani mo balɗe tati kasoo wonande gadano oo, e njoɓdi £50 wonande ɗiɗaɓo oo.[12]: 364 [49]: 91 E nder haala goɗɗa, o tuumaama e bidsee, fedde Kamairu e fedde mallasi. Tuumeede ndee ina tuugnii e miijo wonde ɓoornaade butoŋ Sawaba mo terɗe NEPU mbaɗi oo, ko huunde nde wonaa lislaam, tee NEPU ina tuumaa ina gollondira e Kerecee’en ngam haɓaade ardiiɓe diineeji Fuɗnaange. E wondude e wasiyaaji makko Danladi e Lawan Dambazau, Aminu feeñii e yeeso diiso Emir to Kano ngam ƴeewtaade ɗeen tuume. E fawaade e teddeendi tuume ɗee, kanko e wasiyaaji cifaaɗi ɗii « mbaɗii wujjude neɗɗo jogorɗo maayde (rites cakkitiiɗi) ». E nder batu nguu, Aminu hollitii wonde diiso amiir oo wonaa renndo jeewte, yeewtere ndee ina foti waɗeede heen seeɗa, caggal ɗuum haalanee amiir oo. Ɗum nanondiraama, batu ɗiɗaɓo yuɓɓinaama. E nder ndee ɗoo kawral ɗiɗaɓal, Aminu wiyi wonde kawtal NEPU e Kawtal ngenndiwal Naajeeriya e Kameruun (NCNC) wonaa ko luutndii janngirɗe lislaam sabu hay Muhammadu meeɗii waɗde kawtal defannde e yahuud en saraaji Madiina. O wiyi kadi ko ɓooyaani koo, kanko Emir Kano, o jokkondirii e inɗeele Igbo Kerecee'en ngam golloraade Juulirde mawnde Kano e kitaale 1950. To bannge butoŋ Sawaba, Aminu naamndii so tawii kadi ko ɗum huunde nde wonaa lislaam nde won e amiiruuji ɓoornii medal « Ordre britannique de Saint-George ». Haa jooni nanondiral waɗii, terɗe NEPU ina mbaawi ɓoornaade tan ko baaji lannda e nder seppooji mawɗi.[10]: 149–151 Aminu suɓaama hooreejo NEPU e batu tataɓo hitaande 1953, o lomtii Abba Maikwaru. Hitaande fawtii heen, lannda ka waɗi kawtal e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer e leydi Kameruun (NCNC) mo Nnamdi Azikiwe. E nder wooteeji diiwaan 1956, Aminu ina haɓa e diiwaan Kano Fuɗnaange. O fooli woote ɗe Ahmadu Dantata, gooto nder Naajeeriya'en ɓurduɓe alɗugo, ronooɓe laamu filu Dantata.[9]: 333 Suɓol ngol, ngol waɗaama dow ko laarani suɓol worɓe yoɓooɓe ceede, ngol timmini bee Dantata heɓugo woote 2,119 dow Aminu 776. [12]: 328 haa 329 [50]. Suɓol mawngol leydi Naajeeriya ngol hitaande 1959 waɗii huunde mawnde, sibu ko ngol woni wooteeji gadani ɗi wooteeji laaɓtuɗi mbaɗata e kala diiwaan. Aminu, gonɗo e les njiimaandi NEPU-NCNC, kadi ƴaañii e wooteeji Kano Fuɗnaange, o heɓi 60,4% e wooteeji ɗii, o heɓi jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii.[12]: 374 [35]: 370 E nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o toɗɗaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii Hooreejo Goomu Alliance ngam geɗe caggal leydi e ina wiyee o saliima toɗɗagol jaagorde nde tawnoo o miijii ko <nowiki>''</nowiki>ina fotnoo<nowiki>''</nowiki> jaɓde jappeere "jogiinde teddungal e doole" tawi fotde 2 000 neɗɗo ina ngondi e lannda makko e nder... kasoo.[10]: 187 [12]: 374 [51]: 630 === Republiik gadano (1960-1966) === Ƴeew kadi: Republiik Najeriya gadano Ko o depitee, Aminu ƴetti hakkille mum e geɗe ngenndiije e winndereyankooje jowitiiɗe e leydi Najeriya keso ndi, tawi omo jokki e faandaare makko mawnde, hono rimɗinde talakawa. E nder suudu nduu, o hollitii laabi keewɗi ngam wallitde e yaawnude golle leydi ndii ngam haɓaade koloñaal. To bannge politik caggal leydi Nijeer, Aminu ko daraniiɗo pan-Afrik, o wiyi wonde Nijeer ina foti wonde "base hare ngam haɓaade njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe".[52] O tiiɗnii e tiiɗnaare ngam Naajeeriya ɓeyda ballal mum e golle haɓaade apartaayd e nder Afrik worgo, o hirjinii kadi jokkude golle Naajeeriya ngam artirde "jam e ndimaagu e nder leydi Konngo".[10]: 188 [53][54][55] Toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya (ONU) Balewa, gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo makko ummoriiɗo Bauchi, Aminu ina famɗi radikal so en ƴeewtindiima golle makko nokkuyankooje. E nder laamu makko to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, haa teeŋti noon e geɗe winndereyankooje, o jokkondirii e « ƴellitaare e ƴellitaare jeertinaande ». Ko o pan-Afriknaajo cemmbinɗo, o daraniima darnde nde aldaa e paltoor ngam Nijeer, o goongɗini sabaabu ‘dipolomasi mo aldaa e paltoor’.[10]: 189–191 [56]: 29–31 E nder laamu Aminu e nder suudu sarɗiiji to Lagos, njuɓɓudi NEPU ɓeydiima saɗtude. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1961, Joseph Tarka, hooreejo fedde wiyeteende “Congrès du Moyen Belt” (UMBC), ƴetti konngol ngam waɗde nanondiral hakkunde NEPU e lannda mum ngam sosde fedde tiiɗnde ngam haɓaade NPC to Fuɗnaange. Kono sarɗi oo ko yo NEPU wallit faandaare UMBC sosde dowla keeriiɗo mo Middle Belt. So tawii Aminu yiyii nafooje potɗe heɓde e kawtal ngal, o saliima sabu jokkondiral UMBC e fedde Action Group (AG). O firti eɓɓaande ndee ko eɓɓoore nde AG waɗi ngam taƴde jokkondiral NCNC e NEPU, luulndo maɓɓe ɓurngo mawnude to bannge worgo. Hay so tawii won terɗe NEPU ina luulndii ɗum, eɓɓaande UMBC ndee heɓiino weltaare, tee jaɓgol Aminu ngol ina jokkondiri e ñiŋooje. Ko NEPU waɗi e wooteeji 1961 ngam suɓaade suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, ɗo ɓe keɓi jooɗorde wootere tan, ɓeydi heen ŋakkeende kisal nder lannda kaa.[10]: 196 [12]: 421 [57]: 183 de6poer Laamu diiwaan oo ko Emir Kano. Aminu tuumi Ahmadu Bello, hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, hooreejo NPC, woni ɓaawo limngal limngal. O renndini postooji e propagandeeji ƴettuɗi ko nanndi e luural daartol hakkunde Sokoto e Kano. Sanusi lomtii ko Muhammadu Inuwa mawɗo, jokkondirɗo e Aminu. Waɗooɓe Sanusi mbaɗi lannda yimɓe Kano (KPP), ngam yiɗde gartugol makko walla ɓiyiiko Ado Sanusi ƴetta laamu. KPP hawri e NEPU, hay so tawii noon alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa artirde Sanusi. NPC, ngam etaade hisnude ballal to Kano, noddii ballal mum yo salmin Emir keso oo. Caggal nde wallidiiɓe NEPU ndartinaa e batu nguu, ɓe njuɓɓini batu ɓurngu mawnude ñalnde heen, tawi ko 35 000 neɗɗo tawtoraama, ɗo Amir jaɓɓii ɓe no moƴƴi. Inuwa maayi ñalnde heen caggal ndeeɗoo kawral, Bello, ngam haɗde jiiɓru ɓeydaade, toɗɗii Ado Bayero, miñiiko Sanusi, ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Senegaal, ngam lomtaade mo. Deƴƴere Sanusi ndee waɗii batte keewɗe e ballal NEPU to Kano, ɓeydi kadi jiiɓru hakkunde Kano e Sokoto, haa teeŋti noon e nder banndiraaɓe suufiyankooɓe Tijanniyya e Qadriyya. Hay so tawii Aminu heddiima e kala banndiraagal suufiyanke, o faami nafoore maɓɓe e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, o huutorii luural ngal ngam yahrude yeeso nafooje NEPU. E nder kampaañiji wooteeji Fedde nde 1964, Aminu yilliima Sheek Ibrahim Niass, hooreejo Tijanni mawɗo, to Kaolack ko ɗum waɗi fotooje Aminu ina keɓa barkeeji e Sheek ina cirƴa to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya: 182, 10: 200-206, 57: 290, 170-183 === 1964 Woote kuuɓtodinɗe === Ƴeew kadi: Fiilde hooreejo leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1964 Caggal nde UMBC joofni jokkondiral mum e Fedde Golle, NEPU e UMBC cosi Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ƴellitaare worgo (NPF), tawi faandaare mum ko « feccude diiwaan worgo gooto, ngam rokkude daande laaɓtunde pelle ɓurɗe famɗude ». KPP e pelle tokoose goɗɗe naati e NPF, ina ɗaminii sosde dowla Kano keeriiɗo, keeriiɗo. Nde leydi ndii ɓadtii woote, diiwanuuji tati ɗii fof ina njogii jiiɓru mawndu e tuumeede fenaande. To Kano, Aminu, hooreejo NEPU, hawri e Ibrahim Gashash, hooreejo lannda NPC, ngam ustude fitinaaji potɗi waɗeede e nanondiral e njuɓɓudi wooteeji. Gashash jaɓii waawnude ardiiɓe lannda mum ngam haɗde hareeji ƴiiƴam "kono fof alaa ko nafi". Ñalnde 28 desaambar, balɗe ɗiɗi tan ko adii woote ɗee, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Azikiwe, wiyi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, hono Balewa, yo jokku woote ɗee fotde lebbi jeegom sabu ɓeydagol jiiɓru, o ɗaɓɓiri kadi ƴeewndo ONU. Balewa salii ɗaɓɓaande ndee, wiyi ko ɗum yalti e mbaawka makko. Hooreejo Komisariyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, tawi naamnaaki terɗe goɗɗe, kadi woppii ɗum. Ko ɗum addani tato e nder jeegom terɗe komisiyoŋ oo woppude golle. Tooñanngeeji ɗi njiy-ɗen ɗii e fenaande tuumaande ndee ina addana kanndidaaji e lanndaaji keewɗi ustude woote ɗee, ɗum noon ko njeñtudi ‘lopsided’. Aminu dañii diiwaan mum to Kano Fuɗnaange e kanndidaa NPC, Mahmud Dantata, ɓiy Alhassan Dantata e gonnooɗo tergal NEPU, Dantata heɓi 1 700 woote e Aminu 690 e nder 40 000 wootooɓe potɓe suɓaade.[8]: 312:10] Caggal woote ɗee, Aminu e goomu gollordu hakkundeejo NEPU yuɓɓinii batu ngam restrategize. "Deftere daneere dow caɗeele siyaasaaku ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari" winndaama ngam hollugo, nde ɗon laara darnde NEPU nden ɗon hokka limngal njuɓɓudi. Ndeeɗoo batu ko mawnde e nder daartol lannda kaa, tawi ko depiteeji ummoriiɗi e teemedde cafrirɗe e nder Fuɗnaange fof tawtoraama. Ina jeyaa e toɓɓe yeewtaaɗe ɗee, mbaawka hawrude e denndaangal lanndaaji politik luulndo to bannge worgo, sosde « lannda ngenndiijo kuuɓtodinɗo », sosde dowlaaji kesi, sosde ballal bursi. Koolol ngol kadi addani Diɗɗal Dowla Kano (KSM) fuɗɗaade, tawi ina waɗi NEPU, KPP, e won e terɗe NPC luulndiiɗe laamu. Ñalnde 14 abriil 1965, batu mawngu yuɓɓinaama ngam udditde KSM, tawi ko gooto e jamaanu ɓurngu mawnude e daartol politik Fuɗnaange Nijeer. Ahmadu Trader, sehil Aminu ɓooyɗo, toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi ndi gadano, Aminu woni jaagorgal mum to bannge politik.[10]: 213–215 Faandaare KSM adannde ko sosde dowla Kano ceertuɗo.[8]: 271 E hitaande 1965, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Balewa toɗɗii Aminu yo won nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Aminu woni wakiiliijo lesdi Naajeeriya haa kawtal lesɗe duuniyaaru dow filu e ɓamtaare nder hitaande 1965. Nde o arti e golle ONU, ñalnde 6 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Aminu ummii Lagos fayde Kano ngam tawtoreede batu NEPU, ɗo yeewtere laabi restrategie jokki. Nde o ari Kano, Aminu humpitaama rewrude e Abubakar Gumi, mawɗo Khadi (Mawɗo Ñaawirde) diiwaan Fuɗnaange e gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo Aminu to Maru, ko fayti e batu sirlu ngu Ahmadu Bello yuɓɓini, gonnooɗo e oon sahaa to Makka. Joɗnde ndee fotnoo ko waɗde hakkunde maɓɓe tato, nde fotnoo ko ñalnde 16 lewru bowte hitaande 1966. Kono, ko adii nde joɗnde ndee waɗata, Bello waraa ko ñalnde 15 lewru bowte hitaande 1966. So tawii anniyaaji Bello e batu nguu ina keddii e laaɓde sabu maayde makko e sahaa mum, miijo Gumi ko wonde ina gasa tawa o woni ko e ƴeewtaade tolno njiimaandi e nder Fuɗnaange, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e nanondiral woote ngam wooteeji Asaambele diiwaan Fuɗnaange garooji ɗii.[10]:21 === Laamu konu (1966—1979) === Hakkunde 14 e 15 lewru Yarkomaa 1966, soldateeɓe murtuɓe konu Naajeeriya e gardagol Kaduna Nzeogwu e woɗɓe nayo mbarii Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe marɓe semmbe ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe Naajeeriya, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna mo Naajeeriya worgo Sokoto e Ardiiɗo lesdi hirnaange lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeeɗoo eɓɓaande kuudetaa umminii dille luulndiiɗe kuudetaa e nder konu nguu, tawi ko Ofisee Seneraal Komanda, Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ardii ɗum, dañii ustude kuudetaa oo. Caggal kuudetaa mo ronki, ñalnde 16 lewru Yarkomaa, Aguiyi-Ironsi ƴetti golle hooreejo leydi, ardii laamu konu gadano leydi Nijeer.[58]: 63 === Laamu Ironsi === Ƴeew kadi: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1966 Hay so tawii banndiraaɓe makko NEPU ina njogii hoolaare, sibu ina cikka ina mbaawi heblude ŋakkeende politik nde kuudetaa oo heddinoo, Aminu ɓadtiima laamu Ironsi e hakkille. E lomtaade lannda makko, o neldi laamu nguu telegaraam « hakkilantaagal » , o woppii juulde kono o hollitii yaakaare makko wonde laamu Ironsi ina waawi renndinde ngenndi ndii, ina yahra yeeso e demokaraasi. Ironsi yaawi wontude mo yiɗaa e nder diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange e Hirnaange sabu mum waasde jogaade darnde e darnde politik ɗeen diiwanuuji, o ɓuri yiɗde ko amiir en e mawɓe e nokkuuji mum en . Ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe politik e nder njuɓɓudi kesiri ndii ko Guwerneeruuji ɓooyɗi, jooni ko kamɓe ngoni wasiyaaji guwerneeruuji konu. Ngonka kesa ka to Fuɗnaange fuɗɗii nanndude e laamu ɓooyngu nguu, ngu koloñaal en Angalteer mbaɗi, ngu ɓeydi heen njiyaagu e laamu nguu, haa teeŋti noon e nder dingiral radikal en. Lebbi tati e nder laamu makko, Aminu ina jokki e yeewtidde e Joseph Tarka e Maitama Sule ko fayti e ko ɓe njiyri "kuulal gootal wonande leydi Nijeer".[8]: 332–333 [25]: 380–381 Hedde sahaa ndeeɗoo batu, Ironsi jaɓi haa jooni jokkondirde e Aminu. Aminu hollitii caɗeele ɗe Fuɗnaange jogori dañde, o holliti heen peeje. Ironsi noon, wayi ko no alaa ko nafi, ko ɗum waɗi, darnde Aminu ndee « alaa ko nafi ». Caggal ɗuum, Aminu tuugnii ko e Ado Bayero, laamɗo Kano, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni hooreejo leydi ndii, ngam yettinde miijooji mum cemmbinɗi ɗii to Kumanndaa mawɗo oo.[10]: 222–223 E lewru mee, Ironsi yaltinii "Decree dental" luulndiiɗo, momtuɗo diiwanuuji Nijeer, lomtiniri ɗum "pelle diiwanuuji". Yanti heen, Dekere oo renndini ko sarwisaaji siwil ɗi diiwaanuuji ɗii mbaɗnoo ko adii ɗuum. O ɓeydi heen momtude denndaangal lanndaaji politik e pelle pinal ngam yiɗde haɓaade ‘tribalism’. Anndinoore Decree ndee ɓeydii jiiɓru e nder Fuɗnaange, ɗo ko ɓuri heewde e pelle eliteeji ɗii njiyri ko ɓeydaade woɗɗitaade laamu nguu to Lagos. Ɓe cikki wonde Dekere oo yeewtidaaka e maɓɓe no haanirta nii, tee ina waɗi sarɗiiji "ɗi moƴƴaani e maɓɓe".[25]: 647 To Kano, fotde teemedde ɗiɗi almuudo, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ummorii ko e duɗal Abdullahi Bayeron, duɗal Rumfa, e duɗal janngirɗe aarabeeɓe, yuɓɓini seppooji ɗi Kaverlino de Aarabeeɓe mbinndi Guwerneer diiwal worgo leydi ndi hono Hassan Katsina. Ñalnde heen, fitinaaji mbaɗi e nder wuro ngo, fitinaaji ɗii mbaɗii e njulaagu Igbo en, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 100 haa 200 neɗɗo maayi heen, tawi ko ɓuri heewde heen ko Igbo en kono kadi ina heen woɗɓe nanngaaɓe e fitinaaji ɗii. Ñaawirde sosaa ngam ƴeewtaade fitinaaji ɗii, gardiiɗo mayre ko Sir Lionel Brett, ñaawoowo Angalteer to Ñaawirde Toownde leydi Nijeer. Ñaawirde Sir Brett meeɗaa ƴettude ñaawoore mum nde laamu Ironsi joofi caggal nde o waraa ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966 E lewru sulyee, Ironsi yuɓɓinii batu e amiiruuji e mawɓe leydi ndii ɓurɓe waawde to Ibadan. E nder kawral ngal, o yamiri ɓe yimde jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗin, o holli anniya maako ngam waɗuki ɓe darnde haa lesdi Naajeeriya bana no guwerneeruuji sooja'en, miijo ngo ɗon mari ƴamol, Sarkin Kano Ado Bayero wurti diga kawtal ngal. Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 1966, kuudetaa gardinooɗo ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange fuɗɗii, ɗum addani Ironsi waraa to Ibadan.[25]: 385 Ñalnde 1 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Lietnaa-Kolonel Yakubu Gowon toɗɗaa Sustelit be hooreejo leydi caggal nde) ƴettude yamiroore.[25]: 52 == Tunorngal == ihqpopz74hvrqfr8pi4n9f9uyhneqm3 177130 177129 2026-06-28T22:44:13Z MOIBARDE 10068 177130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Mallam Aminu Kano''' HeɗorGCON[1] (9 lewru bowte hitaande 1920 — 17 lewru abriil hitaande 1983) ko dawriyanke, jannginoowo, yimoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji, e senndikaajo jeyaaɗo to Kano. Gooto nder yimɓe ɓurduɓe anndugo nder diidaaɗi ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya e taariiha siyaasaaku ɓaawo ndimu ndimu, o anndiraama ngam luulndaaki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, laamu laamiiɓe aadaaji, e soynde potal ummatoore nder woyla Naajeeriya. O woniino sosɗo Dental Ƴellitaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange (NEPU) caggal ɗuum o ardii lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP), kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe lanndaaji sosiyaalist en, daraniiɓe ndimaagu talakawa (commons) e nder leydi Najeriya.[2][3][4][5][6] Aminu fuɗɗorii golle mum ko jannginoowo, o yalti ko e ƴaañde laamu koloñaal Angalteer gila e fuɗɗoode, o luulndii aristokraasi jibinannde e yeeso yimɓe fof, o ñiŋii laamu koloñaal nguu, ngu woni ko e tooñde e huutoraade talakawa en. E hitaande 1948, o sosi Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange, fedde gollotooɓe e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, o wonti tergal sosngal Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC), nde o woppi caggal ɗuum sabu jokkere enɗam mum. Ko o hooreejo NEPU gila 1953, o daranii sosiyaalisma demokaraasi, hakkeeji rewɓe, e doole talakawa, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e kuule lislaam e nuunɗal renndo.[4] O huwi nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1959 nden o waɗi kuuɗe ministaajo nder wakkati sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o laati Komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya les laamu Yakubu Gowon. Ko o depitee parlemaa e nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Aminu Kano ina wallitnoo dille ndimaagu e nder Afrik, ina ƴellita politik caggal leydi mo aldaa e paltoor. O arti caggal mum e politik lannda e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓere, o woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP.[4] Aminu Kano, mo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɗon laara bana waylugo gite, o acci limngal duumingal nder miijo siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya. Juɓɓule inniraaɗe e teddungal makko ina njeyaa heen: Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Mallam Aminu Kano, opitaal jannginoowo Aminu Kano, e koleesuuji keewɗi e nokkuuji wiɗto. O limtaama nder baaba'en sosɓe lesdi Naajeeriya hannde, nden o ɗon mari maande ngam nuunɗal rento e kuuɗe ɗen.[4][7] ==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol== Aminu Kano jibinaa ko e nder wuro Sudawa to Kano ñalnde 9 ut 1920 e Rakaiya e Mallam Yusufu mo Gyanawa, leñol Fulɓe anndiraaɓe e humpito mum en e sariyaaji lislaam.[6][8]: 274 E nder jibinannde yumma makko jeegom, ko kanko tan woni jibinannde Bo5 janngi no feewi e Lislaam, baaba makko caggal mum woni mawɗo Alkali Kano. Neene makko rokkaama tiitoonde Fulani Modibbo, nde heewi wonde ko annduɓe lislaam tedduɓe.[9]: 330 E wiyde aadaaji nokku oo, Usman dan Fodio, sosɗo Kalifaandi Sokoto, kanko e hoore makko o toɗɗii banndiiko Aminos e jappeere chiefkali. Gila ndeen, Gyanawa en ina ɗaɓɓiree jogaade jappeere laamu ko wayi no alkaliiji, waliiji e muftiiji Leñol yumma Aminu kadi ina joginoo worɓe e rewɓe jannguɓe heewɓe, ummoriiɓe e teeminanɗe. Ko kamɓe ngoni Fulɓe egguɓe gila Kukawa e nder laamu Bornu, fayde Kano.[8]: 274 [13]: 1:15 Ina jeyaa e maɓɓe mallam gooto, wonnooɗo wasiyaaji keertiiɗi to Emir Kano e oon sahaa, hono Sulimanu. Oo mallam ina joginoo hoore mum e reende e yeeyde ƴiye, o dañi innde Mallam Mai Tattabari (‘mallam jom ƴiye’). Ndee innde wonti tiitoonde laawɗunde e nder galle laamorɗo Kano, nde artiraa e lomtiiɓe mo, nde wonnoo ko Imaam en e wasiyaaji e sariyaaji lislaam.[10]: 27 Nde o woni cukalel, Aminu fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e jannginooɓe makko adanɓe ko yumma makko e neene makko, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njanngini mo ɗemngal Arab e no o janngirta Quraana.[12]: 100 [14] Caggal nde yumma makko maayi e hitaande 1926,[4] o ummii e galle kaaw makko, o hoɗi e les galle kaaw makko ha ton. Ndeen noon, Halilu, kaaw makko mo caggal mum toɗɗaa ‘Mallam Mai Tattabari’, wonti kalfinaaɗo jaŋde makko Quraana.[10]: 41–43 [15]: 243 Aminu ɓeydii winnditaade e duɗal leslesal Shehuci, duɗal hirnaange Engele.[8]: 276 [15]: 243 O ƴetti innde nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, Kano, ko innde makko, ko ɗum huunde woowaande e nder jannguɓe hirnaange to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e oon sahaa.[16]: 604 E hitaande 1933, Aminu fuɗɗii yahde duɗal hakkundeewal Kano (caggal ɗuum innitiraa ko duɗal Rumfa, Kano), duɗal gonngal hakkunde yimɓe. Ko ɗoon, e hitaande 1935, o ardii gooto e seppooji almudɓe gadani e nder leydi Nijeer ngam ŋakkeende saabunde, ŋakkeende nguura, "kuule keewɗe, e koɗki jikkuuji tiiɗɗi".[10]: 48–49 Ndeen o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna (caggal ɗuum o wayli innde makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa) ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa 1942.[8]: 276 [15]: 243 == Golle jannginde == Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna e hitaande 1940, Aminu suɓii ko janngude ko fayti e sariya, wonaa rewde laawol banndiraaɓe makko ɓurɓe suɓaade jannginde. Ndeeɗoo suɓngo heewaani sabu ñaawirɗe sharia, ɓurɗe waawde huutoreede e ñaawirɗe paralel to Kano e nder juulɓe, njaɓaani awokaaji. Yanti heen, nafoore makko e janngude safaara to Angalteer, haɗi mo yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yaba Higher College, ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko to Lagos to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, fotde duuɓi seeɗa. Kono, sabu jiiɓru almudɓe jokki, gardiiɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College saliima jaɓde Aminu, ganndiraaɗo ardaade seppooji almudɓe. Aminu kadi etinooma naatde e konu e polis kono o saliima e ɗiɗo fof nde tawnoo omo yahra e duuɓi 5, ko ina tolnoo e 100 meeteer, ina famɗi no feewi. To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, heewɓe ina njokki e wasiyaade mo yo o jokku golle jannginde kono ko jannginoowo makko ganndal, hono Doktoor R. E. Miller, addani mo ƴettude jannginde e nder golle makko.[10]: 60 [17][18][12]: 100 ko hujja Miller Ƴeew, miɗo wasiyoo ma nde naatataa e suudu janngirdu. Hare nde ina jokki, e Almaañnaaɓe ina njahra yeeso e kala fannu, ɗum wonaa huunde nde Hitler waawataa heɓtude leydi Nijeer e nder sahaa gooto. E nder ɗuum, aɗa sokli suuɗnde karallaagal, hol nokku ɓurɗo jannginde ? Ko wonaa cfuum, mi 6eydoto maa tan ko jannginoowo-e-heblo ganndal—gooto e gilli maa mawcfi, wonaa noon?[10]: 61 [12]: 100 E nder jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu halfinaama gure keewɗe ngam waɗde golle janngingol. E hitaande makko ɗiɗmere, o waɗii lebbi joy gooto e maɓɓe fof to Bauchi e Zaria e lebbi ɗiɗi goɗɗi "njillu duɗe to bannge worgo". Ko e hitaande makko sakkitiinde e heblo makko e hitaande 1942, miijooji makko politik radikaluuji ɓuuɓɗi peeñi. O fuɗɗii winndude e jaayɗe e jaayndeeji seeɗa gonɗi e oon sahaa, ko wayi no Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo e Pilot Afrik worgo, o ƴelliti nafoore mawnde e politik. Ko e ndee hitaande kadi o winndi deftere makko wiyeteende ‘Kano les martolin otokaraasi native’, nde o winndi e laamu native.[8]: 277 [10]: 69–70 Hakkunde joofnirde dumunna makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o hawri e Sa'adu Zungur, potnooɗo "waɗde batte e miijo Aminu no feewi".[10]: 72 [9]: 329 Zungur, ɓurɗo Aminu mawnude e ardiiɗo politik radikal e nder Duɗal Pharma . Aminu ina heewi yeewtidde juutnde e Zungur, ina heewi yillaade galle makko caggal jaŋde. Anndugol maɓɓe fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1935 nde Zungur yilliima Kano, o acci heen miijo duumotoongo e Aminu e miijooji makko radikal e yahrude yeeso. Aminu jokki jokkondirde e Zungur haa ɓe kawri e Zaria.[10]: 72 === Bauchi === Nde o timmini jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu ummiima Bauchi, o ƴetti golle jannginoowo tokooso to duɗal hakkundeewal Bauchi.[17] Gollodiiɓe makko e duɗal ngal ko Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e Yahaya Gusau. Jokkondiral Aminu e Balewa, mo ɓaawo man laati hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya tan, fuɗɗi wakkati ɓe ɗon janngina haa Bauchi. Ko e oon sahaa Balewa rokki mo innde ‘Molotov’, innde Vyacheslav Molotov, hooreejo dowla Sowiyetik. Zungur kadi ummiima Bauchi e oon sahaa, caggal nde o arti wuro makko sabu rafi ɓuuɓɗo mo o heɓi to Zaria.[10]: 84–85 Aminu ina teddiniree no feewi e nder almuɓɓe duɗal ngal. Ɓe keewi hawrude ko e galle makko caggal waktuuji jaŋde ngam yeewtidde e golle goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa jaŋde. O yuɓɓinta sahaa e sahaa fof pijirlooji e kollirɗe ngam almuɓɓe, sahaa e sahaa fof omo huutoroo golle Abubakar Imaam. Ngam ɓeydude heen jaŋde makko, o waɗii almuɓɓe makko jime e jimɗi. O woniino kadi e nder renndooji janngooɓe ceertuɗi ko wayi no dingiral, jeewte, e ganndal.[10]: 85–86 Jokkondiral makko e almuɓɓe e miijooji makko cemmbinɗi, addani mo waasde yiɗde njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal e jannginooɓe woɗɓe. Heen sahaa gooto, fedde almudɓe ndee fof waɗii seppo sabu geɗe bayɗe no ŋakkeende uniformeeji e kaɓirɗe, ŋakkeende kaalis poos, e ŋakkeende nguura. Almuudo gooto mo yalti, suka hooreejo mo woni miñi Balewa, woni kaaloowo maɓɓe. Almuɓɓe mawɓe ɓee, ina jeyaa e maɓɓe Sule Katagum, ina ardoo almuɓɓe woɗɓe ɓee feewde Maiduguri. Emir Bauchi e jannginooɓe heewɓe nanngi ɓe, ina njiɗi haaldude, kono almuɓɓe ɓee ina cemmbina haaldude e Aminu tan. Caggal ɗuum, Aminu ari e Yahya Gusau, o « holliti ɓe wonde wullitaango maɓɓe maa heɓ weeyo no haanirta nii » o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ngartu e cuuɗi maɓɓe. Caggal wiɗto wullitaango ngoo, ngo laaɓtinaama, ɗum addani lomtinande hooreejo duɗal ngal Balewa, "mo feewni bonanndeeji gonɗi ko adii ɗii".[10]: 86 === Dental ɓamtaare mawngal Bauchi === E hitaande 1943, Aminu, e wondude e Zungur, Balewa e Gusau, sosi Dental Moƴƴingol Bauchi (BGIU), ɗo ɓe mbaɗi jeewte ngam ñiŋde politik koloñaal Angalteer e laamu ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[12]: 100 tawi Zungur ina joginoo batte nannduɗe e Zanguria, ina gasa tawa ko fedde nde yuɓɓini ɗum e hitaande 1943 Dental ɓamtaare mawnde e nder diiwanuuji worgo (NPGIU).[20] Aminu e Zungur mbinndi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe ngam haɓaade politik ‘directed labour’ Angalteer, mo ɓe njiyri ko no mbaydi njulaagu mbaylaandi. Nde Angalteer ɗaɓɓi nguura, tinndinoore, e soldateeɓe heewɓe ngam wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, laamuuji koloñaal en mbaɗti tiiɗnaade e laamuuji leydi ndii ngam ‘’dartina’’ keewal nguura e doole yimɓe. Biritaniya huutoriima no feewi doole kisal ɗe ndarnaaka e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya ngam wallitde konu mum caggal musiibaaji konu mum to Fuɗnaange ɓadiiɗo e hitaande 1942.[21] Gooto e binndanɗe Aminu ɗe siynaaka, ko mawɗo diiwaan oo, hono A J Knott, e nder Pilot Afrik worgo janngi ɗum, o rewi heen haa BGIU. Ndee yiytunde addani dental ngal fusde, lomtinaa ngal e fedde yeewtere Bauchi (BDC) walla Majalisar Tadi ta Bauchi, nde laamuuji koloñaal toppitii. BDC sosaa ko no lowre sankitiinde ngam jeewte udditiiɗe, tawa ina hawra e ‘kala miijooji’.[10]: 89 [12]: 89 [20][22]: 423 === Bauchi Yeewtere Cirkel === BDC waɗii jeewte yontere kala, ina noddira yimɓe heewɓe ko wayi no ardiiɓe departemaaji, njuɓɓudi laamu, yeeyooɓe e jannginooɓe. Limre tawtoraaɓe ɓee ɓurii Limre Dental Bauchi General Improvement Union (BGIU) ɓennungal ngal, ngal dañii moƳƳere ɓurnde welde e rokkude kuulal laamu nguu. Aminu, hono binndoowo, ko kañum halfinaa neldude noddaango e suɓaade toɓɓe ɗe yeewtetee. Ɗeen toɓɓe yeewtaaɗe ko ɓamtaare faggudu, demokaraasi, safaara, hare e diine. Nde toɓɓere ndee woni ndimaagu jaayndeeji, Aminu e Zungur teeŋtinii luural e nder politik Angalteer, ɓe mbiyi wonde bannge gooto ɓe ndartinii e ɓe ñaawii e nder keeri daande tan ko jeyaaɓe e amiir en, bannge goɗɗo oo, ɓe cemmbinii e yeeso yimɓe fof miijo e eɓɓoore jeytaare.[10]: 89 E nder yeewtere jowitiinde e njiimaandi ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi, o wiyi wonde « ndi wuuri ko e faandaare nde ndi fotnoo waɗde » e wonde ndi « njuɓɓudi laamu koloñaal ɓurndi huutoraade ndi aduna o meeɗaa anndude ».[10]: 90 [12]: 100: 100: 100 [12]: 100 100: 100: 90 [12]: 100 100: 100 [100]: 100 100: 100 [100]: 100 e Capha emiraaji mum mbayliima wonti njuɓɓudi ndi Shehu Usman dan Fodio, sosɗo ɗum oo, anniyaaki. Aminu wi'i limngal kaliifa'en ɗon mari haaje tuugaago dow nafuuda naa dow jibinannde, nden boo laamu otokaraasi ɗon luura bee janngirde Annabi Lislaama Muhammadu e Shehu. Balewa, nde tawnoo ko kañum ɓuri Aminu ɓuuɓde, ina daranii no feewi njuɓɓudi laamu ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi, ina wiya wonde jogaade sariya e deeƴre ina foti wonde huunde himmunde ngam tabitinde tuugnorgal ɗo peeje yiɗaaɗe mbaawi waɗeede e dow mum. Zungur, leeso e nder jonnde ndee, e jaabtaade Balewa, winndi hujjaaji mum e nder ɓataake mo Aminu yettini e dingiral yeewtere ndee e nder jonnde aroore ndee. E nder ndeeɗoo ɓataake, o semmbini hujjaaji Aminu ɗii, o ɓeydi heen seeɗa e hujjaaji makko.[10]: 90 O wiyi Balewa yo ƴeewto no o dañiri "miijo bonngo" ngam daɗndude laamu nguu, o ɓeydi heen : Suɓagol elite gutter mum [Native Authority] waɗaaka e dow hakkille walla e mbaawka, kono ko e salaade tan yiɗde ɓiyleydi laaɓtundi. Terɗe fedde laamuyankoore ina njogii wellitaare desperadoes ngam njulaagu, alaa ko ŋakki so wonaa kala ko dañi.[10]: 90 E nder batu goɗɗo, Aminu naamndii Ofisee Knott : « Hol ko woni njoɓdi amiir ? Knott jaabtii wonde ɗum fawii ko e tolno golle makko e teddeendi golle makko. Ndeen Aminu hollitii wonde hay so tawii ina famɗi doosɗe e golle so yerondiraama e Emir Bauchi, Lamido Adamawa ina heɓa njoɓdi ɓurndi heewde. Caggal ngool mbayliigu, batu nguu joofi ko ɗoon e ɗoon. Ɓooytaani, Knott habri wonde BDC ina joofna, o wiyi wonde jeewte ɗee ina ‘njippii e laawol’.[10]: 91 [22]: 423 === Nokku renndo Bauchi === Ngam lomtaade BDC, Aminu e Zungur cosi fedde politik woɗnde, hono nokku renndo Bauchi. Puɗɗagol fotde 20 tergal, batu maɓɓe gadano waɗi ko to defterdu Native Authority, sara galle amiir. E nder ndeeɗoo batu, tawi ina wondi e polis, Balewa ɓadtiima ɓe e ɗaɓɓaande amiir oo, wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ndartu sabu « denndaangal senndikaaji (juɓɓule) ina kaɗaa ». Zungur ndeen wiyi mo yo o haalan amiir oo wonde ɓe njahataa fusde. Caggal nde Balewa yahi, ɓe pelliti yettinde ɓataake to mawɗo politik ngam humpitaade ko waɗi koo, ɓe mbiyi amiir oo ina tooña hakkeeji maɓɓe.[10]: 91–92 Balɗe tati caggal ɗuum, terɗe fedde ndee noddaama ngam jokkondirde e amiir oo. Amiir oo salii yamirde yo ɓe ndartu, o wiyi o haɗii ɓe tan huutoraade « masiŋaaji binndol e gollorɗe defterdu Native Authority ». Hay so Balewa wulliima wonde o yettinii konngol ngol o rokkaa ngol no haanirta nii, Zungur ina heppi huutoraade ngalɗoo luural, haala kaa jokkaani haa jooni, fedde ndee jaɓii kuulal ngal amiir oo ƴetti ngal. Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, mawɗo gooto ina wiyee Mallam Waziri, rokki ɓe huutoraade suudu makko ndu alaa ɗo haaɗi ngam waɗde batuuji, so tawii ko kamɓe njuɓɓini ɗum. Ɓe kawri kaalis maɓɓe ɓe ndarni ɗum.[10]: 93 Ɓooytaani, laamu Angalteer rokki Aminu gooto e bursiiji jeeɗiɗi ngam janngude to Angalteer fuɗɗoraade lewru suwee 1946, ko o... jaɓaama.[8]: 276 [10]: 97 [14] [23]: 154 === Londres === E nder duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde to Londres, Aminu naatii e golle yimɓe hono Harold Laski, George Bernard Shaw, e Karl Mannheim, ɓe janngirɗe mum en ngoni « iwdi miijooji Aminu keewɗi e renndo aadee moƴƴo ». O jokkondiri e yimɓe e pelle keewɗe bannge nano to Londres, ina jeyaa heen lannda Sosiyaalist Labour, Fedde Sosiyaalist janngooɓe, e Sosiyaalist sukaaɓe, o hawri e sehilaaɓe e won e terɗe parlemaa bannge nano e "ardiiɓe toowɓe" pelle kominist kadi.[39]25 ko ɗum addani ardiiɓe politik gollotooɓe e oon sahaa, ko wayi no Aneurin Bevan e Fenner Brockway Caggal nde o feeñnini ɗeen miijooji e batte, Aminu etinooma hawrude e filosofiiji politik adanɗi rewooɓe Farayse e Amerik e sosiyaalisma Shavian Fabian e janngirɗe Usman dan Fodio, tawi fof ko e les njiimaandi miijooji radikal Sa’adu Zungur. O seedtii kadi ñalngu nguu e nder hareeji jeytaare leydi Indiya e leydi Pakistaan ​​rewrude e almudɓe ummoriiɓe leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Aminu, e wondude e almudɓe ummoriiɓe e leyɗeele koloniiji Biritaan en ceertuɗe, jaɓɓiima Ali Jinnah e Jawaharlal Nehru, ardiiɓe dille jeytaare Pakistaan ​​e Inndo, e nder njillu maɓɓe to Londres e hitaande 1947. Ɗee geɗe ina gasa tawa ko ɗe addani mo yiɗde sifaa hare Gandhi.[10]:02]1 E nder jaŋde makko, Aminu jannginii e duɗe leslese nokku oo, o waɗii jonte e nder ladde Galles, o woniino koɗo fedde Young Farmers’ Club. Ngam yoɓde njillu makko ngu o fotnoo waɗde e nder laddeeji Angalteer, o ƴetti golle firo ɗemngal Hausa e nder sosiyetee jaayndeeji Angalteer (BBC). Ko o sikkaano, o noddaama ngam wonde nulaaɗo to Jamboree Boy Scout winndereejo to Rosny, addani mo yahde Orop e njoɓdi ustaandi. Ko adii nde o yahata Farayse, denndaangal fedde « boy scout » yilliima galle laamorɗo Buckingham. Aminu ɗon hulna yi'ugo laamiiɗo e laamiiɗo debbo ɗon yewta e ɗon hawta bee sukaaɓe ɓen ko ɗum feerootiri masin bee no laamu lesdi Biritaniya ɗon mari haaje haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndee luural addi mo miijo, o firti ɗum ko maande ŋakkere laamu koloñaal jogorngu arde.[10]: 102–103 [14] === Fedde jannginooɓe worgo === E lewru marse 1948,[27] nde o woni e janngude haa jooni to Londres, Aminu sosi Fedde Wellitaare Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange (caggal ɗuum Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange), fedde adannde e nder diiwaan hee e senngo gollotooɓe e nder Fuɗnaange Nijeer,[8]: 276 [28][29]: along the otherers from Sali 169 [30]: 66 Senngo ngo ina jokki e haalde ko fayti e geɗe bayɗe no hakkeeji e wellitaare jannginooɓe, ceergal hakkunde diine e wellitaare jannginooɓe e Fuɗnaange e bus moƴƴo sy jannginooɓe nder Duɗe Misiyon Kirista'en ngam nastugo nder kawtal.[10]: 101-102 [12]: 91 [31]: 258 Senngo ngoo mawnii no feewi, ina joginoo fotde 200 tergal e lewru mum adanndu[32] e 25 cazeele e nder hitaande mum adannde, caggal mum ina jogii batte e nder pelle ngenndiije diiwaan oo, garnooze caggal mum.[29]: 41 te [33]: 356 jokki golle e nder worgo Naajeeriya haa is kawtal bee kawtal jannginooɓe Naajeeriya, kawtal jannginooɓe ɓurdungal mawnugo nder fombina Naajeeriya, nder hitaande 1972.[34]: 260 === Hoto ngartu e Bauchi === Nde o timmini jaŋde makko e hitaande 1948, Aminu arti Bauchi ngam fuɗɗaade golle makko janngingol to duɗal hakkundeewal Bauchi. Lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum o artiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi.[10]: 110 E nder oon sahaa, Sir John MacPherson, guwerneer keso toɗɗaaɗo leydi Najeriya, ina jokki e waɗde njillu e nder diiwaan hee. O fotnoo ko njillu e gure mawɗe Fuɗnaange, kono o yaltini Bauchi. Aminu e Zungur cikkatnoo ko ndeeɗoo feere ko huunde nde Guwerneer oo e wasiyaaji mum mbaɗi ngam haɗde haɓaade radikal en wuro ngoo e doggol ɗaɓɓaande mum en e wullitaango mum en. Ɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ɓadtii Emir Bauchi, ɓe kolliti mo peeje laamu nguu ngam haɗde domen makko, ɓe mbiyi ko sabu baasal duɗe Bauchi, laabi e faggudu. Ɓe keɓii faamnude mo yo ɓe njaɓ yuɓɓinde seppo mawngo ngam salaade ko Guwerneer oo waɗi koo. Ndee ɗoo hiirde mawnde, nde woni ko adii fof e nder Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, hawri ko e ujunere neɗɗo.[10]: 110–111 Aminu, e oon sahaa ko jannginoowo tokooso haa jooni, noddaama to Kaduna ngam hawritde e A J Knott (ofisiyee diiwaan yuɓɓinnooɗo BDC e hitaande 1943), jooni ko hooreejo laamu nguu, e Sir MacPherson. E nder ndeeɗoo batu, guwerneer oo, e wiyde Aminu, ina wiyee : A hollitii wonde aɗa sikki min njiɗi ko jogaade Fuɗnaange caggal, Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange peccii—aɗa yiɗi min njaha mbele leydi maa ina heɓa jeytaare. Aan ko a gorko ummoriiɗo e galle Kano teeŋtuɗo, suka, keewɗo ruuhu, kono aɗa foti anndude wonde min njiɗaa haɗde waylooji e haɗde leydi ndii yahrude yeeso.[10]: 115 Knott jokki e humpitaade Aminu wonde ɓe ngoni ko e waɗde hakkillaaji maɓɓe e ƴattooje makko e laamu nguu, o wiyi "min njiɗii no feewi worɓe hono maa, ardiiɓe leydi maa". Ɓe ndokki mo darnde nde addanta mo ƴeewtaade e tawtoreede "taƴre kaalis laamu" walla hay so tawii ko gardiiɗo jaaynde Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo. Caggal nde o arti Bauchi, Aminu, caggal nde o ƴeewtindii ɗeen ɗaɓɓaande, o yeewtidi e Zungur e woɗɓe, o wiyi wonde ɗeen ɗaɓɓaande ko etaade laamu nguu ustude golle maɓɓe daraniiɗe jojjanɗe aadee. Ndeen noon, Aminu salii ɗaɓɓaande ndee, o humpitii Knott e MacPherson wonde o ɓuri yiɗde ko heddaade e jannginoowo.[12]: 101 O salii kadi caggal ɗuum golle jannginoowo e ɗemngal Hausa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oxford.[10]: 115–119 Kono, lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum, e nder golle maɓɓe jokkuɗe ngam sarde radikal en Bauchi, laamu Angalteer artiri Aminu to Maru to Sokoto, toɗɗii mo hooreejo duɗal jannginooɓe kesal mahaaɗo.[10]: 116 [35]: 72 === Sokotoo === Sokoto wonnoo ko laamorgo Kalifaandi Sokoto e teeminannde 19ɓiire, sosaa ko e jihaadi Usmaan dan Fodio. Kalifaajo man ɗon mari ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya nden ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder amiir'en ɗon mari haaje hokkugo Sultan Sokoto.[36] Caggal nde Angalteer koloni dowla oo e nder fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, Sokoto wonti diiwaan, darnde Sultan ustii ; amiiruuji keddiiɗi ɗii njaabtiima laamu Angalteer, nattii jaabtaade Sultan. Kono tan, nde jokki e wonde nokku ɗo laamu aadaaji e diineeji ngoni e nder diiwaan hee. Ndeen noon, nde hiisaama ko taƴre ɓurnde ɓuuɓde e Fuɗnaange ɓuuɓnde no feewi.[10]: 118 Maru (jooni ko Maru, diiwaan Zamfara), wuro e nder diiwaan hee, ina joginoo 8 256 neɗɗo e hitaande 1964.[37] Ina laaɓi wonde yahdu Aminu e Maru wonaa tan ngam woɗɗinde mo e Zungur kono kadi ngam seerndude mo e haɗde mo golle makko. Nde o ari, o etiima sosde dingiral yeewtere kono yimɓe jannguɓe ina pamɗi e sara makko kadi wuro mawngo ɓurngo ɓadaade Maru ina woɗɗi 35 kiloomeeteer, "dow laabi kulɓiniiɗi, ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi". Sultan oo, hono Siddiq Abubakar III, ina ƴeewndotoo mo kadi, hono no Aminu yiytiri ɗum caggal ɗuum nii. O anndi mawɗo mo o hokkata sadakaaji wakkati fuu, o ɗonno ƴama Sultan nder asaweeje ɗuuɗɗe nder jooɗorde maako haa Maru.[10]: 118–120 E nder dumunna mo o woni e Maru oo fof, Aminu tawi ko e nder hareeji ɗi o meeɗaa waɗde e Sultan. Fuɗɗorii ko nde Aminu riiwti Yan Labari, walla ƴoƴɓe Sultan, caggal nde o ari. Caggal mum, o neldi ɓataake wullitaango feewde e laamuuji Angalteer, o wiyi wonde kaalis potɗo huutoreede ngam remooɓe ɓee, ɓe leydi mum en huutortee ngam waɗde duɗal ngal, yettaaki ɓe.[12]: 101 Luural goɗngal ummii ko nde Aminu e Abubakar Gumi, gollodiiɗo Grander ca Aminust mo worgo Nijeer e al later Feere Qadiriyya-Tijaniyya nder diiwal ngal nde ɓe haɗi almudɓe maɓɓe yahdugo juulde Jumaare ngam haala wuutugo imaam. E wiyde ɗiɗo ɓee, liimam Maru ina waɗa tayammum, ko huunde nde rewnaaka so ndiyam potɗam wuɗde ina famɗi, hay so tawii noon ndiyam ina ŋakki e Maru. Komisiyoŋ wiɗto mo Sultan oo sosi, yaltinii Gumi, o wiyi Sultan oo yo o waɗ heen hoore makko e nder Maru ngam dartinde golle tayammum. Ko fayti e wasiyaaji komisiyoŋ oo, Sultan salii ɗooftaade ɗum, salii riiwtude Limaam oo.[10]: 120–127 [38] Oon sahaa, Aminu ina renndini jokkondire moƴƴe e Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna Sokoto, joginooɗo luural e Sultan. Nde ñaawirde Sultan ñaawi Bello sabu mum bonnude njoɓdi jangali (‘joɓdi jawdi’) e hitaande 1943, Aminu rokki feccere mawnde e njoɓdi jannginoowo Bauchi mum e kaalis defansiyoŋ Bello. Nde Aminu woni jooni e Maru, Bello yi’i mo ko no sehil potɗo haɓtaade Sultan. Bello ina heewi yillaade Aminu to Maru, e nder njillu Aminu to Sokoto ngam waɗde batu doosgal leydi, o jooɗii ko e galle Bello. E nder ooɗoo sahaa, Sultan oo noddii Aminu noddaango keeriiɗo, ina gasa tawa ina ɗaɓɓa nanondiral. O ɗaɓɓiri batu 2ɓo subaka, kono nde o anndi Aminu haalanii Bello ndee noddaango, Sultan oo mettini heen no feewi, o woppi batu nguu.[10]: 124–125 === Koolol yimɓe Fuɗnaange === Sabu nafooje senngo jannginooɓe Aminu, worɓe jannguɓe woɗɓe teskinaaɓe e nder diiwaan hee ɓadtiima mo ko fayti e sosde fedde nanndunde e ndee. E nder darorɗe hitaande 1948, pelle ceertuɗe to Zaria, Kaduna e Bauchi kawri ngam sosde Jam’iyyar Mutanen Arewa walla Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC). E lewru suwee 1949, batu udditgol fedde ndee yuɓɓinaama to otel Green’s to Kaduna, fotde 500 neɗɗo tawtoraama. Terɗe sosɗe ɗee ko Dr. R. A. B. Dikko, Yahaya Gusau, Abubakar Imam (rewtinoowo Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo), Yuusuf Maitama Sule, Aliyu Mai Bornu, Aminu Kano, Isa Wali (ɓiɗɗo mawniiko Aminu) e Sa’adu Zungur, mo wonnoo koolaaɗo kuuɓal fedde NC Ca Naajeeriya wakkati.[10]: 111 [33]: 358 [39]: 75 E batu mum gadano e lewru desaambar 1949, ardiiɓe kongres oo, hono Dikko e Gusau, kollitii wonde kongres oo yiɗaa foolde laamu koloñaal e aristokraasi, tee : Jam'iyyar anniyaaki ƴettude laamu laamɓe men Natural; ko wonaa ɗuum koo, ko yiɗde amen tiiɗnde ɓeydude ngalɗoo laamu kala nde waawi wonde e kala ɗo waawi wonde. Eɗen njiɗi wallude laamɓe men Natural e nder golle mum en no haanirta nii...Eɗen njiɗi wallude ɓe e yaynaade Talakawa [yimɓe ɓooyɓe].[33]: 358 [39]: 75 Ofisee diiwaan gooto, gardinooɗo Hoɗɓe Kano, jeertinii tawtoraaɓe ɓee wonde ɓe mbaawataa addude peeje ɗe ɓe njiɗi tan so ɓe njaltii "seese e hakkille" e wonde "neɗɗo ina foti janngude yahde hade mum dogde". Aminu jaabiima e naamnaade mo yo o humpit mawɓe makko wonde : So en njahii koyɗe en njahrataa ko, en ndogat. Kadi so en njippiima, en ƴettat koye men, en ndoga kadi. Kono maande, min njahataa e koyɗe. Aɗa waawi wiyde min njaha e gelooɗi, walla puccu, kono hay min njuppataa e oto mo min njaha e laana ndiwoowa. Kadi Biritaan en ina poti haɗde en suɓaade laabi men yah-ngartaa, hay so tawii noon ko yaawi.[10]: 121–122 [12]: 93 Laamɓe Fuɗnaange heewɓe, ko wayi no Sultan, Amir Kano e Amir Zaria, njaɓii ngool jikku ‘harmless’ e ‘deferential’ kongres oo. Kono tan, terɗe tokoose hono Maitama, Aminu, e Zungur ina cikkatnoo wonde kongres oo ina yaaji no feewi e emiiruuji ɗii e laamuuji Angalteer ɗii fof, ina teeŋtina haaju mum e peewnugol politik to Fuɗnaange. E joofnirde e lewru ut 1950, won e terɗe NPC radikal en to Kano sosi Dental Jamiyar Neman Sawaba, lannda politik gadano bayyinaango e nder Fuɗnaange Nijeer.[12]: 94 NEPU ina joginoo semmbe e Zungur, radikal en peeñɗi Fedde.[33]: 359 Ɓe njoginoo ballal Aminu, mo waawaano naatde e lannda ka e oon sahaa nde tawnoo omo gollina laamu haa jooni, o waawaano naatde e lannda politik e peeñcu.[10]: 123 [12]: 94 === Deƴƴere === Aminu rokki ɓataake mum deƴƴere ñalnde 16 oktoobar 1950, o ummii Maru haa laaɓi ñalnde 4 noowammbar e ndeen hitaande. Sheek Usmaan Bida, mo Aminu wonnoo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, e Sule Katagum, Wazirin Katagum, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe cikki ko o doole ngam woppude laamu. Kanko Aminu, o miijotonoo ko ndeeɗoo feere gila e lewru abriil ndeen hitaande. Nde cukko hooreejo jaŋde to bannge worgo jeertini mo wonde o toɗɗaaka so o jokkii e golle makko politik, Aminu winndi e nder deftere makko, "Ko noon ne kadi, ko ɗuum woni caɗeele makko. Miin ko mi woppu golle haa hitaande aroore."[10]: 129 Winndannde nde Aminu winndi, ina hollita sabaabu mum deƴƴere, yaltinaa e jaaynde wiyeteende Daily Comet ñalnde 11 noowammbar 1950 : Mi woppii golle sabu mi saliima goongɗinde wonde ndii leydi ko kasoo e nder laamuuji Angalteer-Fulani—mi woppii golle sabu miɗo wondi e miijo wonde laamuuji ngenndiiji ɗii ... ina njogii yaakaare no feewi e safrude caɗeele men jaŋde, renndo, faggudu, politik walla hay diine—My hared stay in England and my all above... jojjanɗe aadee ɗe aduna o haɓata e fasisma—mi hulɓinaama laabi ɗiɗi e ƴiye ɗe ngalaa yurmeende... tawi ko saraaji ɗii fof ina njuɓɓina fenaande, laamu bonngu, bluff politik, maccuɗaagu les garb goɗɗo, nepotism ɓuuɓɗo, tippudi, baasal...retention mo alaa ko nafata e faggudu canmedkei e...exploration faggudu muñan ɗee geɗe sabu uurngol mum en bonngol...miɗo hebli noddireede kala innde. Noddu am koyɗol walla noddu am rewolison; noddu am kulɓiniiɗo walla kala ko oo laamu imperiyaalisma yiɗi. Mi yi’i annoore e dow ŋoral toowngal, miɗo anniya yahde e nder taarik mum timmuɗo, tawa ko miin tan walla e kala jiɗɗo yahdude e am. E ɓeeɗoo suppitooɓe leñol men, mbiɗo wiya ɗum nii: Look Out! Afrik ko mawɗo ɗaaniiɗo nattii! O woni tan ko e diwde e ŋoral...?"[10]: 129-130 [26]: 243 [25]: 541 == Golle politik == === Ko adii jeytaare (1950—1959) === Nepotism, baasal e nder njuumri mum, ñawu, maccungaagu e les njiimaandi goɗɗo, tooñannge e majjere nde alaa hersa, ina keewi no feewi no waynoo ko adii gargol imperiyaalisma e nder teeminannde 19ɓiire. Ƴellitaare walla toɗɗagol worɓe ɓe nganndaa janngude, sukaaɓe walla ɓaleeɓe, e jappeere laamu toownde ko heewi ko ngam aksidaa jibinannde tan walla ngam « ɓadtaade naafigaagal » wonaa tan ngam ittude ɓesngu nguu hakkillaaji mum en e eɓɓooji mum en kono kadi ko seede hollirde wonde ndeeɗoo otokaraasi yuɓɓo ko replica native premedilam to the British momtude. — E nder ƴeewndo Aminu e hitaande 1953, Dr. Walter Miller winndi "Mbele en ŋakkiraama e nder leydi Najeriya?"[40] Caggal nde o woppi laamu, Aminu arti Kano, o naati e lannda « Northern Elements Progressive Union » (NEPU) e dow laawol.[12]: 101 Paandaale lannda ka cifaaɗe ɗee ina njeyaa heen « ndimaagu talakawa » (yimɓe) rewrude e « peewnugol politik e nder laamuuji otokaraasi hannde ɗii ». E nder batu ɗiɗaɓuru hitaandeejo Kongres Leƴƴi Fuɗnaange (NPC) e lewru desaambar 1950, kuulal NEPU, ngal Aminu winndi, noddii nde NPC bayyinaa wonde "lannda politik ngenndiyaŋke laaɓtuɗo".[12]: 95 It became political up to party, It became political up to party demokaraasi leydi ndii.[9]: 359–360 Kono tan, amiiruuji doole e "won e ofiseeji njuɓɓudi" ina njiyri NPC ko fedde jogiinde miijooji radikal kulɓiniiɗi. Kuutoragol terɗe terɗe moƳƳere e konservatiif ummii, e kulol wonde NPC, so yiytaama no radikal nii, ina waawi haɓaade ngam wonde lannda ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Fuɗnaange. Terɗe NPC keewɗe ina ndartini yaltude e fedde nde so tawii terɗe NEPU ɗee njaltinaaka.[12]: 95–96 Shehu Shagari, hono hooreejo fedde NPC nde sukaaɓe Sokoto, hokkaama yamiroore ngam salaade kala ɗaɓɓaande Aminu e Zungur ngam heɓde darnde ardorde e nder batu Jos NPC mo hitaande 1950. Shagari, e laawol mum feewde batu nguu, hawri e Aminu e Zungur e nder oto, humpitii ɓe ndeeɗoo yamiroore. O wiyi wonde Aminu, nde nani ɗum, o hirjinii mo « huutoraade mandat mo ndokkaa-mi oo » o hollitii mo kadi jokkude sehilaagal maɓɓe e teddungal maɓɓe.[30]: 68–69 [41]: 25 Ko ɗum waɗi, NEPC, ƴettuɗo hoore mum, yalti e N lannda.[10]: 140-141 [41]: 25-33 Aminu tawtoraama daawal wooteeji gadani e wooteeji parlemaa gadani e lewru suwee 1951 ngam suɓaade suudu sarɗiiji to bannge worgo. Lannda makko, NEPU, heɓi nafoore e 12 e nder 26 jooɗorɗe dokkaaɗe ngam wuro Kano, ɓuri lanndaaji tati keddiiɗi ɗii, ina heen ardiiɓe njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii, tawi ko kam en fof njogii jooɗorɗe jeegom.[12]: 30 [35]: 74 kanndidaaji cakkitiiɗi ɗi kolees to gese suudu sarɗiiji rewrude e woote sirlu. Ɗeeɗoo koleesuuji, tawi ina mbaɗi pelle tokoose, heen gooto fof waɗii teemedde keewɗe woote walla ko ɓuri ɗum.[12]: 29 Hay so tawii NEPU ina joginoo nafoore e daawal gadanal ngal, Aminu ina famɗi no feewi e golle woote cakkitiiɗe ɗee, heɓi 16 woote e nder 68 woote, tee hay gooto e NEPU secuɓe e nder 68 woote Asammbele, wonnoo ko kolees woote wonande suudu sarɗiiji. Terɗe NEPU nayi, puɗɗiiɗe heɓde nafoore e daawal hakkundeewal, tawi ina kaɓa e kanndidaaji ɗi ɓe keɓi ko adii ɗuum, ummoriiɗi e laamu leydi ndii e nder daawal gadanal ngal.[12]: 30 [35]: 74 Sabu batte wooteeji ɗii, ko ɗum woni ko Biritaannaaɓe njiyri wonde laamu Biritaannaaɓe e laamu nguu njuɓɓudi woote ɓurndi welde e laamu ngenndi,[12]: 30 [14][42]: 78–79 e "ko heewi e terɗe cuɓaaɗe ɗee ngonti daraniiɓe nafooje mum". wonde Aminu dañii woote ɗee nde tawnoo "ina waawi ittude heen mettere e nder njuɓɓudi Aminu" e wonde "[Fuɗnaange Nijeer] ina haani denndaangal worɓe waawɓe mooftude, e mbaawka Aminu alaa ko waawi naamneede".[43]: 225 Seppo mawngo "15,000 NExtayer souls [PU] yuɓɓinaa keeɓal. Lannda kaa yuɓɓinii wooteeji njuɓɓudi ngam hollitde wonde wooteeji toowɗi ina mbaawi waɗeede e nder njuɓɓudi. NEPU dañii dañde kaalis keewɗo ngam neldude Aminu to Angalteer « ngam ñaawde haala mum en yeeso Parlemaa Angalteer e yimɓe fof ». E ballal Thomas Hodgkin e John Collins, Aminu dañii hawrude e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji, depiteeji Fabian, e jaagorgal leydi Angalteer. Laamu Native Authority jaabtii ɗum e ƴattaade e uddude terɗe NEPU e nder Kano, teeŋti noon e ƴattaade Gambo Sawaba, daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe, gardiiɗo fedde rewɓe NEPU. NPC, hannde woni lannda politik ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Fuɗnaange, huutoriima kadi ‘fedde jom en hakkillaaji en’, ɓe nganndu-ɗaa ko Yan Mahaukata (‘yimɓe majjuɓe’) walla Jam’iyyar Mahaukata (‘Lanndaaji majjuɓe’), ngam ustude terɗe lanndaaji politik goɗɗi to Kano, haa teeŋti noon e terɗe NEPU. Gaagaa sosde fedde wiyeteende Positive Action Wing (PAW) ngam haɓaade ɗeen bonanndeeji, won terɗe parlemaa Angalteer, ko wayi no Fenner Brockway, mbaɗti tiiɗnaade e laamu koloñaal ngam haɗde golle bonɗe ɗee. PAW fusi haa jooni e hitaande 1954 nde wonnoo ko kañum ɓuri Yan Mahaukata doolnude. Sabu darnde makko toownde e nder lannda kaa, Aminu ina reeni no feewi e fitinaaji ɓalli ɗi terɗe NEPU keddiiɗe ɗee mbaɗata.[48]: 137 Kono Aminu ina joginoo nanngugol keewngol e juuɗe laamu leydi ndii. Teskaama e nder kampaañ woote fedde ndee e hitaande 1954, o ñaawaa laabi ɗiɗi. Arano oo, ko ngam fiyde lefol NEPU e dow oto makko to wuro Kano—golle ɗe aadaaji mum en mbaɗata ko Emir Kano e hoɗɓe e leydi Angalteer. Ɗiɗaɓere, ngam yaltinde binndanɗe ɗe o tuumaa ko ‘anniya fenaande’, ɗum addani mo balɗe tati kasoo wonande gadano oo, e njoɓdi £50 wonande ɗiɗaɓo oo.[12]: 364 [49]: 91 E nder haala goɗɗa, o tuumaama e bidsee, fedde Kamairu e fedde mallasi. Tuumeede ndee ina tuugnii e miijo wonde ɓoornaade butoŋ Sawaba mo terɗe NEPU mbaɗi oo, ko huunde nde wonaa lislaam, tee NEPU ina tuumaa ina gollondira e Kerecee’en ngam haɓaade ardiiɓe diineeji Fuɗnaange. E wondude e wasiyaaji makko Danladi e Lawan Dambazau, Aminu feeñii e yeeso diiso Emir to Kano ngam ƴeewtaade ɗeen tuume. E fawaade e teddeendi tuume ɗee, kanko e wasiyaaji cifaaɗi ɗii « mbaɗii wujjude neɗɗo jogorɗo maayde (rites cakkitiiɗi) ». E nder batu nguu, Aminu hollitii wonde diiso amiir oo wonaa renndo jeewte, yeewtere ndee ina foti waɗeede heen seeɗa, caggal ɗuum haalanee amiir oo. Ɗum nanondiraama, batu ɗiɗaɓo yuɓɓinaama. E nder ndee ɗoo kawral ɗiɗaɓal, Aminu wiyi wonde kawtal NEPU e Kawtal ngenndiwal Naajeeriya e Kameruun (NCNC) wonaa ko luutndii janngirɗe lislaam sabu hay Muhammadu meeɗii waɗde kawtal defannde e yahuud en saraaji Madiina. O wiyi kadi ko ɓooyaani koo, kanko Emir Kano, o jokkondirii e inɗeele Igbo Kerecee'en ngam golloraade Juulirde mawnde Kano e kitaale 1950. To bannge butoŋ Sawaba, Aminu naamndii so tawii kadi ko ɗum huunde nde wonaa lislaam nde won e amiiruuji ɓoornii medal « Ordre britannique de Saint-George ». Haa jooni nanondiral waɗii, terɗe NEPU ina mbaawi ɓoornaade tan ko baaji lannda e nder seppooji mawɗi.[10]: 149–151 Aminu suɓaama hooreejo NEPU e batu tataɓo hitaande 1953, o lomtii Abba Maikwaru. Hitaande fawtii heen, lannda ka waɗi kawtal e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer e leydi Kameruun (NCNC) mo Nnamdi Azikiwe. E nder wooteeji diiwaan 1956, Aminu ina haɓa e diiwaan Kano Fuɗnaange. O fooli woote ɗe Ahmadu Dantata, gooto nder Naajeeriya'en ɓurduɓe alɗugo, ronooɓe laamu filu Dantata.[9]: 333 Suɓol ngol, ngol waɗaama dow ko laarani suɓol worɓe yoɓooɓe ceede, ngol timmini bee Dantata heɓugo woote 2,119 dow Aminu 776. [12]: 328 haa 329 [50]. Suɓol mawngol leydi Naajeeriya ngol hitaande 1959 waɗii huunde mawnde, sibu ko ngol woni wooteeji gadani ɗi wooteeji laaɓtuɗi mbaɗata e kala diiwaan. Aminu, gonɗo e les njiimaandi NEPU-NCNC, kadi ƴaañii e wooteeji Kano Fuɗnaange, o heɓi 60,4% e wooteeji ɗii, o heɓi jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii.[12]: 374 [35]: 370 E nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o toɗɗaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii Hooreejo Goomu Alliance ngam geɗe caggal leydi e ina wiyee o saliima toɗɗagol jaagorde nde tawnoo o miijii ko <nowiki>''</nowiki>ina fotnoo<nowiki>''</nowiki> jaɓde jappeere "jogiinde teddungal e doole" tawi fotde 2 000 neɗɗo ina ngondi e lannda makko e nder... kasoo.[10]: 187 [12]: 374 [51]: 630 === Republiik gadano (1960-1966) === Ƴeew kadi: Republiik Najeriya gadano Ko o depitee, Aminu ƴetti hakkille mum e geɗe ngenndiije e winndereyankooje jowitiiɗe e leydi Najeriya keso ndi, tawi omo jokki e faandaare makko mawnde, hono rimɗinde talakawa. E nder suudu nduu, o hollitii laabi keewɗi ngam wallitde e yaawnude golle leydi ndii ngam haɓaade koloñaal. To bannge politik caggal leydi Nijeer, Aminu ko daraniiɗo pan-Afrik, o wiyi wonde Nijeer ina foti wonde "base hare ngam haɓaade njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe".[52] O tiiɗnii e tiiɗnaare ngam Naajeeriya ɓeyda ballal mum e golle haɓaade apartaayd e nder Afrik worgo, o hirjinii kadi jokkude golle Naajeeriya ngam artirde "jam e ndimaagu e nder leydi Konngo".[10]: 188 [53][54][55] Toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya (ONU) Balewa, gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo makko ummoriiɗo Bauchi, Aminu ina famɗi radikal so en ƴeewtindiima golle makko nokkuyankooje. E nder laamu makko to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, haa teeŋti noon e geɗe winndereyankooje, o jokkondirii e « ƴellitaare e ƴellitaare jeertinaande ». Ko o pan-Afriknaajo cemmbinɗo, o daraniima darnde nde aldaa e paltoor ngam Nijeer, o goongɗini sabaabu ‘dipolomasi mo aldaa e paltoor’.[10]: 189–191 [56]: 29–31 E nder laamu Aminu e nder suudu sarɗiiji to Lagos, njuɓɓudi NEPU ɓeydiima saɗtude. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1961, Joseph Tarka, hooreejo fedde wiyeteende “Congrès du Moyen Belt” (UMBC), ƴetti konngol ngam waɗde nanondiral hakkunde NEPU e lannda mum ngam sosde fedde tiiɗnde ngam haɓaade NPC to Fuɗnaange. Kono sarɗi oo ko yo NEPU wallit faandaare UMBC sosde dowla keeriiɗo mo Middle Belt. So tawii Aminu yiyii nafooje potɗe heɓde e kawtal ngal, o saliima sabu jokkondiral UMBC e fedde Action Group (AG). O firti eɓɓaande ndee ko eɓɓoore nde AG waɗi ngam taƴde jokkondiral NCNC e NEPU, luulndo maɓɓe ɓurngo mawnude to bannge worgo. Hay so tawii won terɗe NEPU ina luulndii ɗum, eɓɓaande UMBC ndee heɓiino weltaare, tee jaɓgol Aminu ngol ina jokkondiri e ñiŋooje. Ko NEPU waɗi e wooteeji 1961 ngam suɓaade suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, ɗo ɓe keɓi jooɗorde wootere tan, ɓeydi heen ŋakkeende kisal nder lannda kaa.[10]: 196 [12]: 421 [57]: 183 de6poer Laamu diiwaan oo ko Emir Kano. Aminu tuumi Ahmadu Bello, hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, hooreejo NPC, woni ɓaawo limngal limngal. O renndini postooji e propagandeeji ƴettuɗi ko nanndi e luural daartol hakkunde Sokoto e Kano. Sanusi lomtii ko Muhammadu Inuwa mawɗo, jokkondirɗo e Aminu. Waɗooɓe Sanusi mbaɗi lannda yimɓe Kano (KPP), ngam yiɗde gartugol makko walla ɓiyiiko Ado Sanusi ƴetta laamu. KPP hawri e NEPU, hay so tawii noon alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa artirde Sanusi. NPC, ngam etaade hisnude ballal to Kano, noddii ballal mum yo salmin Emir keso oo. Caggal nde wallidiiɓe NEPU ndartinaa e batu nguu, ɓe njuɓɓini batu ɓurngu mawnude ñalnde heen, tawi ko 35 000 neɗɗo tawtoraama, ɗo Amir jaɓɓii ɓe no moƴƴi. Inuwa maayi ñalnde heen caggal ndeeɗoo kawral, Bello, ngam haɗde jiiɓru ɓeydaade, toɗɗii Ado Bayero, miñiiko Sanusi, ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Senegaal, ngam lomtaade mo. Deƴƴere Sanusi ndee waɗii batte keewɗe e ballal NEPU to Kano, ɓeydi kadi jiiɓru hakkunde Kano e Sokoto, haa teeŋti noon e nder banndiraaɓe suufiyankooɓe Tijanniyya e Qadriyya. Hay so tawii Aminu heddiima e kala banndiraagal suufiyanke, o faami nafoore maɓɓe e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, o huutorii luural ngal ngam yahrude yeeso nafooje NEPU. E nder kampaañiji wooteeji Fedde nde 1964, Aminu yilliima Sheek Ibrahim Niass, hooreejo Tijanni mawɗo, to Kaolack ko ɗum waɗi fotooje Aminu ina keɓa barkeeji e Sheek ina cirƴa to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya: 182, 10: 200-206, 57: 290, 170-183 === 1964 Woote kuuɓtodinɗe === Ƴeew kadi: Fiilde hooreejo leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1964 Caggal nde UMBC joofni jokkondiral mum e Fedde Golle, NEPU e UMBC cosi Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ƴellitaare worgo (NPF), tawi faandaare mum ko « feccude diiwaan worgo gooto, ngam rokkude daande laaɓtunde pelle ɓurɗe famɗude ». KPP e pelle tokoose goɗɗe naati e NPF, ina ɗaminii sosde dowla Kano keeriiɗo, keeriiɗo. Nde leydi ndii ɓadtii woote, diiwanuuji tati ɗii fof ina njogii jiiɓru mawndu e tuumeede fenaande. To Kano, Aminu, hooreejo NEPU, hawri e Ibrahim Gashash, hooreejo lannda NPC, ngam ustude fitinaaji potɗi waɗeede e nanondiral e njuɓɓudi wooteeji. Gashash jaɓii waawnude ardiiɓe lannda mum ngam haɗde hareeji ƴiiƴam "kono fof alaa ko nafi". Ñalnde 28 desaambar, balɗe ɗiɗi tan ko adii woote ɗee, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Azikiwe, wiyi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, hono Balewa, yo jokku woote ɗee fotde lebbi jeegom sabu ɓeydagol jiiɓru, o ɗaɓɓiri kadi ƴeewndo ONU. Balewa salii ɗaɓɓaande ndee, wiyi ko ɗum yalti e mbaawka makko. Hooreejo Komisariyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, tawi naamnaaki terɗe goɗɗe, kadi woppii ɗum. Ko ɗum addani tato e nder jeegom terɗe komisiyoŋ oo woppude golle. Tooñanngeeji ɗi njiy-ɗen ɗii e fenaande tuumaande ndee ina addana kanndidaaji e lanndaaji keewɗi ustude woote ɗee, ɗum noon ko njeñtudi ‘lopsided’. Aminu dañii diiwaan mum to Kano Fuɗnaange e kanndidaa NPC, Mahmud Dantata, ɓiy Alhassan Dantata e gonnooɗo tergal NEPU, Dantata heɓi 1 700 woote e Aminu 690 e nder 40 000 wootooɓe potɓe suɓaade.[8]: 312:10] Caggal woote ɗee, Aminu e goomu gollordu hakkundeejo NEPU yuɓɓinii batu ngam restrategize. "Deftere daneere dow caɗeele siyaasaaku ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari" winndaama ngam hollugo, nde ɗon laara darnde NEPU nden ɗon hokka limngal njuɓɓudi. Ndeeɗoo batu ko mawnde e nder daartol lannda kaa, tawi ko depiteeji ummoriiɗi e teemedde cafrirɗe e nder Fuɗnaange fof tawtoraama. Ina jeyaa e toɓɓe yeewtaaɗe ɗee, mbaawka hawrude e denndaangal lanndaaji politik luulndo to bannge worgo, sosde « lannda ngenndiijo kuuɓtodinɗo », sosde dowlaaji kesi, sosde ballal bursi. Koolol ngol kadi addani Diɗɗal Dowla Kano (KSM) fuɗɗaade, tawi ina waɗi NEPU, KPP, e won e terɗe NPC luulndiiɗe laamu. Ñalnde 14 abriil 1965, batu mawngu yuɓɓinaama ngam udditde KSM, tawi ko gooto e jamaanu ɓurngu mawnude e daartol politik Fuɗnaange Nijeer. Ahmadu Trader, sehil Aminu ɓooyɗo, toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi ndi gadano, Aminu woni jaagorgal mum to bannge politik.[10]: 213–215 Faandaare KSM adannde ko sosde dowla Kano ceertuɗo.[8]: 271 E hitaande 1965, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Balewa toɗɗii Aminu yo won nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Aminu woni wakiiliijo lesdi Naajeeriya haa kawtal lesɗe duuniyaaru dow filu e ɓamtaare nder hitaande 1965. Nde o arti e golle ONU, ñalnde 6 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Aminu ummii Lagos fayde Kano ngam tawtoreede batu NEPU, ɗo yeewtere laabi restrategie jokki. Nde o ari Kano, Aminu humpitaama rewrude e Abubakar Gumi, mawɗo Khadi (Mawɗo Ñaawirde) diiwaan Fuɗnaange e gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo Aminu to Maru, ko fayti e batu sirlu ngu Ahmadu Bello yuɓɓini, gonnooɗo e oon sahaa to Makka. Joɗnde ndee fotnoo ko waɗde hakkunde maɓɓe tato, nde fotnoo ko ñalnde 16 lewru bowte hitaande 1966. Kono, ko adii nde joɗnde ndee waɗata, Bello waraa ko ñalnde 15 lewru bowte hitaande 1966. So tawii anniyaaji Bello e batu nguu ina keddii e laaɓde sabu maayde makko e sahaa mum, miijo Gumi ko wonde ina gasa tawa o woni ko e ƴeewtaade tolno njiimaandi e nder Fuɗnaange, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e nanondiral woote ngam wooteeji Asaambele diiwaan Fuɗnaange garooji ɗii.[10]:21 === Laamu konu (1966—1979) === Hakkunde 14 e 15 lewru Yarkomaa 1966, soldateeɓe murtuɓe konu Naajeeriya e gardagol Kaduna Nzeogwu e woɗɓe nayo mbarii Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe marɓe semmbe ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe Naajeeriya, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna mo Naajeeriya worgo Sokoto e Ardiiɗo lesdi hirnaange lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeeɗoo eɓɓaande kuudetaa umminii dille luulndiiɗe kuudetaa e nder konu nguu, tawi ko Ofisee Seneraal Komanda, Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ardii ɗum, dañii ustude kuudetaa oo. Caggal kuudetaa mo ronki, ñalnde 16 lewru Yarkomaa, Aguiyi-Ironsi ƴetti golle hooreejo leydi, ardii laamu konu gadano leydi Nijeer.[58]: 63 === Laamu Ironsi === Ƴeew kadi: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1966 Hay so tawii banndiraaɓe makko NEPU ina njogii hoolaare, sibu ina cikka ina mbaawi heblude ŋakkeende politik nde kuudetaa oo heddinoo, Aminu ɓadtiima laamu Ironsi e hakkille. E lomtaade lannda makko, o neldi laamu nguu telegaraam « hakkilantaagal » , o woppii juulde kono o hollitii yaakaare makko wonde laamu Ironsi ina waawi renndinde ngenndi ndii, ina yahra yeeso e demokaraasi. Ironsi yaawi wontude mo yiɗaa e nder diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange e Hirnaange sabu mum waasde jogaade darnde e darnde politik ɗeen diiwanuuji, o ɓuri yiɗde ko amiir en e mawɓe e nokkuuji mum en . Ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe politik e nder njuɓɓudi kesiri ndii ko Guwerneeruuji ɓooyɗi, jooni ko kamɓe ngoni wasiyaaji guwerneeruuji konu. Ngonka kesa ka to Fuɗnaange fuɗɗii nanndude e laamu ɓooyngu nguu, ngu koloñaal en Angalteer mbaɗi, ngu ɓeydi heen njiyaagu e laamu nguu, haa teeŋti noon e nder dingiral radikal en. Lebbi tati e nder laamu makko, Aminu ina jokki e yeewtidde e Joseph Tarka e Maitama Sule ko fayti e ko ɓe njiyri "kuulal gootal wonande leydi Nijeer".[8]: 332–333 [25]: 380–381 Hedde sahaa ndeeɗoo batu, Ironsi jaɓi haa jooni jokkondirde e Aminu. Aminu hollitii caɗeele ɗe Fuɗnaange jogori dañde, o holliti heen peeje. Ironsi noon, wayi ko no alaa ko nafi, ko ɗum waɗi, darnde Aminu ndee « alaa ko nafi ». Caggal ɗuum, Aminu tuugnii ko e Ado Bayero, laamɗo Kano, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni hooreejo leydi ndii, ngam yettinde miijooji mum cemmbinɗi ɗii to Kumanndaa mawɗo oo.[10]: 222–223 E lewru mee, Ironsi yaltinii "Decree dental" luulndiiɗo, momtuɗo diiwanuuji Nijeer, lomtiniri ɗum "pelle diiwanuuji". Yanti heen, Dekere oo renndini ko sarwisaaji siwil ɗi diiwaanuuji ɗii mbaɗnoo ko adii ɗuum. O ɓeydi heen momtude denndaangal lanndaaji politik e pelle pinal ngam yiɗde haɓaade ‘tribalism’. Anndinoore Decree ndee ɓeydii jiiɓru e nder Fuɗnaange, ɗo ko ɓuri heewde e pelle eliteeji ɗii njiyri ko ɓeydaade woɗɗitaade laamu nguu to Lagos. Ɓe cikki wonde Dekere oo yeewtidaaka e maɓɓe no haanirta nii, tee ina waɗi sarɗiiji "ɗi moƴƴaani e maɓɓe".[25]: 647 To Kano, fotde teemedde ɗiɗi almuudo, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ummorii ko e duɗal Abdullahi Bayeron, duɗal Rumfa, e duɗal janngirɗe aarabeeɓe, yuɓɓini seppooji ɗi Kaverlino de Aarabeeɓe mbinndi Guwerneer diiwal worgo leydi ndi hono Hassan Katsina. Ñalnde heen, fitinaaji mbaɗi e nder wuro ngo, fitinaaji ɗii mbaɗii e njulaagu Igbo en, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 100 haa 200 neɗɗo maayi heen, tawi ko ɓuri heewde heen ko Igbo en kono kadi ina heen woɗɓe nanngaaɓe e fitinaaji ɗii. Ñaawirde sosaa ngam ƴeewtaade fitinaaji ɗii, gardiiɗo mayre ko Sir Lionel Brett, ñaawoowo Angalteer to Ñaawirde Toownde leydi Nijeer. Ñaawirde Sir Brett meeɗaa ƴettude ñaawoore mum nde laamu Ironsi joofi caggal nde o waraa ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966 E lewru sulyee, Ironsi yuɓɓinii batu e amiiruuji e mawɓe leydi ndii ɓurɓe waawde to Ibadan. E nder kawral ngal, o yamiri ɓe yimde jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗin, o holli anniya maako ngam waɗuki ɓe darnde haa lesdi Naajeeriya bana no guwerneeruuji sooja'en, miijo ngo ɗon mari ƴamol, Sarkin Kano Ado Bayero wurti diga kawtal ngal. Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 1966, kuudetaa gardinooɗo ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange fuɗɗii, ɗum addani Ironsi waraa to Ibadan.[25]: 385 Ñalnde 1 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Lietnaa-Kolonel Yakubu Gowon toɗɗaa Sustelit be hooreejo leydi caggal nde) ƴettude yamiroore.[25]: 52 === Laamu Gowon (1966—1975) === Ƴeew kadi: 1966 Kuudetaa Nijeer Toɗɗagol Gowon, Kerecee’en worgo, jeyaaɗo e leñol tokosol, hooreejo leydi, ko huunde nde SMC waɗi ngam haɗde kuuɓtodinɓe worgo, e gardagol Lietnaa-Kolonel Murtala Muhammed, seertude e republique. Gowon woppi ko ɓuri heewde e kasooji politik nanngaaɓe e laamu Ironsi, ina jeyaa heen Obafemi Awolowo, politik Yorubaajo mawɗo mo diiwaan Hirnaange. O woppi kadi kuulal denndinngal luulndiingal ngal, o artiri diiwanuuji nay ɗi limtaa ko adii ɗuum. Yanti heen, Gowon yuɓɓinii batu wakili’en diiwaan ngam ƴettude kuule doosɗe kese, anndiraaɗe goomu doosɗe Ad Hoc. Aminu e Joseph Tarka ina njeyaa e wakili'en diiwaan Fuɗnaange e nder batu nguu. Depiteeji ɗii fof e batu nguu, so wonaa Fuɗnaange-rewo, ina mballita e miijo laamu fedde tiiɗngu tuugiiɗo e dowlaaji tokoosi.[25]: 52 Ɗoon e ɗoon, caggal nde Gowon anndinaa toɗɗagol mum, Aminu wallitii e yuɓɓinde jeewte e "ardiiɓe miijo" Fuɗnaange to Kaduna, tawi ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe laamu e politikaaji Republique gadano. Yeewtere ndee rewi ko e njiimaandi laamu kesu nguu, tawi ko binndanɗe yeewtere ƴettaaɗe, peeñninaama ngam ƴeewtaade, waylude, walla salaade fedde ndee. Ko adii noddaango goomu ad hoc Gowon, fedde yeewtere ndee yeewtidii e toɓɓere dowlaaji kesi, Aminu suɓaama ngam ardaade goomu nguu. Aminu woni wakiliijo fedde Kaduna nder kawtal Ad Hoc to Lagos, ɓe hokki wasiyaaji maɓɓe ngam sosde lesɗe 12 haa 14, 7 ngam Fuunaange, 5 ngam Fuunaange. Kono, e joofnirde, batu nguu feccii dowlaaji ɗii no fotiri, 6 wonande Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange fof. E nder lebbi ɗiɗi gadani laamu Gowon, Aminu waɗii e makko batuuji tati ceertuɗi. Aranndeere nden hawti bee delegaasiyon yimɓe sappo diga Fuunaange, ɗiɗaɓre nden bana tergal Goomu Ad Hoc, kawtal tataɓal ngal hawti bee Aminu nder goomu jowi yimɓe Fuunaange, ardii ɗum Sir Kashim Ibrahim, gonnooɗo siyaasaaku NPC e Governor siwil cakkitiiɗo dow convened Northern Naajeeriya, ardii ɗum laamu fedde tiiɗnde e ngootaagu ngenndi.[10]: 237–241 Nde wonnoo Fuɗnaange ina jokki e wallitde laamu fedde tiiɗnde, caggal nde Gowon heɓi nafoore mum e delegaasiyoŋ Ibraahiima, e Hirnaange kadi ina jokki e wallitde caggal nde mawɗo Awolowo haa jooni "ardi" e miijo ngoo, ko diiwaan Fuɗnaange tan heddii e luulndaade. Igbo en ɓurɓe heewde Fuɗnaange ina njoginoo ŋakkeende hoolaare e laamu nguu, ina gasa tawa ko sabu fitinaaji "pogrom-like" ɗi ɓe muñnoo ko juuti caggal kuudetaa lewru sulyee, ɗi soldateeɓe fenaande yiɗɓe yoɓde kuudetaa lewru janvier mbaɗi. E nder winndannde makko ñalnde 4 oktoobar 1966, Aminu winnditii "Ko ɓuri mettude e muñal konu. Jaawgol e golle ina ɗaɓɓi. Fuɗnaange ina woni e laawol seertude." E nder etaade yaawnude gartugol laamu siwil, Aminu ɓadtiima ardiiɓe Goomu Ad Hoc, Awolowo (Hirnaange), Kashim Ibrahiima (Fuɗnaange), Anthony Enahoro (Caka Hirnaange) e ‘Eni’ (Fuɗnaange), ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal ngam sosde laamu joofngu. Kono tan, darnde makko taƴaa ko e ɓuuɓri fitinaaji to Fuɗnaange.[10]: 240–241 [25]: 52–53 E nder geɗe tati mawɗe baɗnooɗe e fitinaaji mawɗi e hitaande 1966, ko e lewru oktoobar "ko ɓuri heewde e maayɗeele".[25]: 131 fitinaaji ɗii ko soldateeɓe Fuɗnaange e wuyɓe nokkuuji ɗii mbaɗi ɗum en, teeŋti noon e yan daba to Kano. Ko ɗum waɗi Igbo en heewɓe hoɗɓe e Fuɗnaange ndogi njalti Fuɗnaange ngam yiylaade kisal. Caggal nde ɓe muñi warngooji goɗɗi, diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo salii hootde e batuuji Ad Hoc.[25]: 52–56 [58]: 134–138 E joofnirde fitinaaji ɗii, "Ibo en fof ndogi Fuɗnaange, Hausa en Fuɗnaange". Diwgol mawngol fotde miliyoŋ Fuɗnaange addani faggudu Fuɗnaange ɓadtaade. Jaltugol ɗoon e ɗoon binnditagol, karallaagal, njulaagu, e gollotooɓe laamu, ina metti faggudu diiwaan oo no feewi, sibu sarwisaaji ɗii mbaawii tan ko heɓtude fotde 40% e tolnooji ko adii kuudetaa oo, yontereeji jeegom caggal ɗuum. Ngam wallude e safrude ndeeɗoo caɗeele, Aminu sosi Duɗal Njulaagu Renndo Kano (anndiraa hannde Duɗal Njulaagu Renndo Aminu Kano). Hassan Katsina, guwerneer militeer'en lesdi Fuunaange, jaɓi wallugo ngam yaawnugo kuugal ngal, Maitama Sule hokki saare maako bana nokkuure arandeere nde janngirde nde'e woni. Ina jeyaa e yimɓe woɗɓe wallitɓe eɓɓaande ndee, Sarkin Kano Ado Bayero, Aminu Dantata, Sani Gezawa, Inuwa Wada, e Tanko Yakasai. Aminu e hoore mum rokkii eɓɓaande ndee 250 mbuuɗu, tawi darnde mum fof ina tolnoo e 4 000 mbuuɗu. Aminu woni hooreejo duɗal ngal haa o maayi e hitaande 1983. Gooto e almuɓɓe duɗal ngal ɓurɓe teskinde ko Aliko Dangote, Afriknaajo ɓurɗo alɗude.[59][60] E fuɗɗoode lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Diiso Toowngo Konu (SMC) yuɓɓinii batu to Aburi, Ganaa, ngu daartoowo biyeteeɗo Max Siollun siftini wonde "diisnondiral doosgal daartol, ngal nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni sabaabu renndo e politik leydi Nijeer".[58]:-153 Batu nguu ɓuri waawde tawtoreede ko Ljukdum Ojuklo. Guwerneer Militeer Fuɗnaange, baɗɗo miijooji keewɗi. E nder ɗeen miijooji, ɓurɗi teeŋtude heen ko wonde diiwanuuji ɗii ina poti jaɓde kala kuule jowitiiɗe e mum en e ko fayi arde, tawa kadi denndaangal kuule gonɗe heen ɗee, luulndiiɗe ndeeɗoo feere, ina poti momteede. Ɗeeɗoo miijooji, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko ƴaañde ndimaagu diiwaan oo, keɓii nanondiral gootal hakkunde denndaangal lanndaaji SMC. Kono nde Gowon arti Lagos, "gollotooɓe laamu makko ina mbeltii e luggiɗde e ballal makko e Ojukwu". Ndeen noon, nanondiral Aburi ngal meeɗaa huutoreede, ɗum addani jokkondiral hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde ndee ɓeydaade bonde.[25]: 56–57 [58]: 151–159 Nde ɗum jokki, Aminu; Yuusuf Tarka, hooreejo UMBC; Aliyu Makaman Bida, politik NPC ɓurɗo mawnude e wuurde ; e Umaru Dikko, hono binndoowo maɓɓe, ina njillondiri e Fuɗnaange ngam humpitaade yimɓe ɓee geɗe jooni ɗee, ko ɓuri teeŋtude kadi, ngam haɗde jeewte seertude e Fedde ndee. Jaɓɓungal ngal ina waɗi jeewte jamaanu e jokkondirde e amiiruuji e mawɓe diiwaan oo.[30]: 136 Ɓooytaani caggal njillu nguu, Aminu majjii ɓiyiiko gorko biyeteeɗo Isa Wali e lewru feebariyee, baaba mum majjii e lewru mee.[10]: 246–250 [25]: Ñalnde 27 lewru bowte hitaande 1967, Gowon habri feccugol leydi Nijeer e dowlaaji sappo e ɗiɗi. Ko ɗum huunde nde leƴƴi pamari ɗi diiwanuuji nay mumtuɗi ɗii mawnini no feewi.[25]: 390 [61] Diiso doosɗe leydi ndii (FEC) sosaa ngam golloraade e les njiimaandi Diiso Toowngo Konu. FEC ina waɗi jooɗaniiɓe siwil en toɗɗaaɓe e nder kala diiwaan, ina poti wonde junngo njuɓɓudi laamu nguu. Aminu toɗɗaama ngam laataago wakiliijo lesdi Kano, o hokkaama darnde Komisinaajo Fedde nde'e ngam jokkirli.[10]: 253–254 == Tunorngal == 1cnauuevy70ucfl1c5y11mda5jhtd4y 0 5071 177170 109775 2026-06-29T09:41:54Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the section "Work" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357629440|Ayo Aderinwale]]" 177170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ayo Aderinwale''' jami’ajo dufulomasiyyajo mo [[Naajeeriya]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Abah|first=Charles|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200412220304.html|title=Nigeria: Amazons Brainstorm On Challenges of Leadership|work=[[Daily Champion]]|via=[[allAfrica]]|date=22 December 2004|access-date=16 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Teniola|first=Eric|date=July 16, 2024|title=National Anthem: Deconstructing the military legacy (3)|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/07/national-anthem-deconstructing-the-military-legacy-3-by-eric-teniola/|website=Vanguard Media Limited}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Stub]] == Work == Aderinwale ina rokka ballal e nder juɓɓule winndereeje keewɗe ina jeyaa heen [[Ngenndiije Dentuɗe|Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe]], Dental Orop e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ɓooynde, anndiraande hannde Dental Afrik . O tawtoraama e binnditagol adanngol Pewnugol Duuɓi Ujunere ngam Afrik ngol caggal mum wonti Fedde Keso ngam Ɓamtaare Afrik, o woni tergal gadanal e nder Goomu Ardorde Naajeeriya ngam Fedde Ƴeewndorɗe Afrik. Ayo ina gollina e nder diɗɗal ceertungal kadi omo jeyaa e diɗɗal Justrite Limited e Duɗal Njulaagu Pays-Bas e hooreejo diɗɗal guwerneeruuji sarwisaaji jaŋde Bells, kam e Duɗal hakkundeewal kuuɓtodinngal Bells ngam sukaaɓe worɓe e rewɓe. === Joɗnde Ardorde Afrik === Ko o gardo kuuɓtodinɗo ALF, o fuɗɗii eɓɓooji keewɗi ko wayi no batu parlemaa Afrik diiwaan, batu rewɓe Afrik, batu stage legislatif e batu heblo ardorde demokaraasi. O walli e sosde batu ngam deeƴre, kisal, ƴellitaare e gollondiral e nder Afrik ngu Dental Afrik ƴetti e hitaande 2002. Jooni noon, ko kanko woni cukko mawɗo koolaaɗo kuuɓal to defterdu hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo tawi Obansanjo ina heddii e wonde mawɗo koolaaɗo kuuɓal. azmwt5cp6wesajn5qy8khhwwroicjmo 177171 177170 2026-06-29T09:43:48Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ayo Aderinwale''' jami’ajo dufulomasiyyajo mo [[Naajeeriya]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Abah|first=Charles|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200412220304.html|title=Nigeria: Amazons Brainstorm On Challenges of Leadership|work=[[Daily Champion]]|via=[[allAfrica]]|date=22 December 2004|access-date=16 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Teniola|first=Eric|date=July 16, 2024|title=National Anthem: Deconstructing the military legacy (3)|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/07/national-anthem-deconstructing-the-military-legacy-3-by-eric-teniola/|website=Vanguard Media Limited}}</ref> == WORK == Aderinwale ina rokka ballal e nder juɓɓule winndereeje keewɗe ina jeyaa heen [[Ngenndiije Dentuɗe|Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe]], Dental Orop e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ɓooynde, anndiraande hannde Dental Afrik . O tawtoraama e binnditagol adanngol Pewnugol Duuɓi Ujunere ngam Afrik ngol caggal mum wonti Fedde Keso ngam Ɓamtaare Afrik, o woni tergal gadanal e nder Goomu Ardorde Naajeeriya ngam Fedde Ƴeewndorɗe Afrik. Ayo ina gollina e nder diɗɗal ceertungal kadi omo jeyaa e diɗɗal Justrite Limited e Duɗal Njulaagu Pays-Bas e hooreejo diɗɗal guwerneeruuji sarwisaaji jaŋde Bells, kam e Duɗal hakkundeewal kuuɓtodinngal Bells ngam sukaaɓe worɓe e rewɓe. === Joɗnde Ardorde Afrik === Ko o gardo kuuɓtodinɗo ALF, o fuɗɗii eɓɓooji keewɗi ko wayi no batu parlemaa Afrik diiwaan, batu rewɓe Afrik, batu stage legislatif e batu heblo ardorde demokaraasi. O walli e sosde batu ngam deeƴre, kisal, ƴellitaare e gollondiral e nder Afrik ngu Dental Afrik ƴetti e hitaande 2002. Jooni noon, ko kanko woni cukko mawɗo koolaaɗo kuuɓal to defterdu hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo tawi Obansanjo ina heddii e wonde mawɗo koolaaɗo == Firooji == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Stub]] . 28enu2opqqhvs5f1t8bvodvl81ikfeu 3 5112 177204 176014 2026-06-29T11:48:34Z MediaWiki message delivery 3284 /* Tech News: 2026-27 */ new section 177204 wikitext text/x-wiki == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There have been some minor visual fixes in Special:Search, regarding audio player alignment and image placeholder height. Further details are in [[phab:T319230|T319230]]. * On Wikipedias, a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|preference]] has been added to hide article thumbnails in Special:Search. Full details are in [[phab:T320337|T320337]]. '''Problems''' * Last week, three wikis ({{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruwiki/en}}) had read-only access for 25 minutes. This was caused by a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320990] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-aswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-banwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-barwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bat smgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bclwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-be x oldwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-biwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bjnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bpywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-brwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bxrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304549] * Starting on Wednesday October 26, 2022, the list of mentors will be upgraded [[d:Q14339834 | at wikis where Growth mentorship is available]]. The mentorship system will continue to work as it does now. The signup process [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#add|will be replaced]], and a new management option will be provided. Also, this change simplifies [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#create|the creation of mentorship systems at Wikipedias]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314858][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T310905][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured_mentor_list] * Pages with titles that start with a lower-case letter according to Unicode 11 will be renamed or deleted. There is a list of affected pages at <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:Unicode 11 case map migration]]</bdi>. More information can be found at [[phab:T292552|T292552]]. * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikipedias. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#smallest-1|Learn more]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|New Topic tool]] will soon get a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special characters|special characters menu]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249072] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:23, 24 Yarkomaa 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23975411 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When using keyboard navigation on a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map, the focus will become more visible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315997] * In {{#special:RecentChanges}}, you can now hide the log entries for new user creations with the filter for "{{int:rcfilters-filter-newuserlogactions-label}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321155] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|maps dialog]] in VisualEditor now has some help texts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318818] * It is now possible to select the language of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor via a dropdown menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318817] * It is now possible to add a caption to a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318815] * It is now possible to hide the frame of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318813] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:16, 31 Yarkomaa 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23977539 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * An updated version of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/EventCenter/Registration|Event Registration]] tool is now available for testing at [[testwiki:|testwiki]] and [[test2wiki:| test2wiki]]. The tool provides features for event organizers and participants. Your feedback is welcome at our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|project talkpage]]. More information about [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|the project]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318592] '''Problems''' * Twice last week, for about 45 minutes, some files and thumbnails failed to load and uploads failed, mostly for logged-in users. The cause is being investigated and an incident report will be available soon. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:32, 8 Jolal 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24001035 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At Wikidata, an interwiki link can now point to a redirect page if certain conditions are met. This new feature is called [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Sitelinks_to_redirects|sitelinks to redirects]]. It is needed when one wiki uses one page to cover multiple concepts but another wiki uses more pages to cover the same concepts. Your [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata talk:Sitelinks to redirects|feedback on the talkpage]] of the new proposed guideline is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278962] * The <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikinews.org/ www.wikinews.org]</span>, <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikiversity.org/ www.wikiversity.org]</span>, and <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikivoyage.org/ www.wikivoyage.org]</span> portal pages now use an automated update system. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * There will be a new link to directly "Edit template data" on Template pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316759] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis where mobile [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] are enabled ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Deployment Status|these ones]]) will soon use full CSS styling to display any templates that are placed at the top of talk pages. To adapt these “talk page boxes” for narrow mobile devices you can use media queries, such as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/tmbox.css&oldid=1097618699#L-69 this example]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312309] * Starting in January 2023, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2023 Changes Update|running the Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) every two years]]. This means that in 2024, there will be no new proposals or voting. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:55, 14 Jolal 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24071290 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The display of non-free media in the search bar and for article thumbnails in Special:Search has been deactivated. Further details are in [[phab:T320661|T320661]]. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-22|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-24|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 21 Jolal 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24071290 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A new preference, “Enable limited width mode”, has been added to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|Vector 2022 skin]]. The preference is also available as a toggle on every page if your monitor is 1600 pixels or wider. It allows for increasing the width of the page for logged-out and logged-in users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319449] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]). * Mathematical formulas shown in SVG image format will no longer have PNG fall-backs for browsers that don't support them. This is part of work to modernise the generation system. Showing only PNG versions was the default option until in February 2018. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3BGOKWJIZGL4TC4HJ22ICRU2SEPWGCR4/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311620][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186327] * On [[phab:P40224|some wikis]] that use flagged revisions, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs#Special:Contributions|a new checkbox will be added]] to Special:Contributions that enables you to see only the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]] by a user. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321445] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change early next week at [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train#Wednesday group1 wikis] (but not Wikimedia Commons or Meta-Wiki). This change improves the accessibility of content, and makes it easier to write related CSS. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:03, 28 Jolal 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24114342 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Wikisources use a tool called ProofreadPage. ProofreadPage uses OpenSeadragon which is an open source tool. The OpenSeadragon JavaScript API has been significantly re-written to support dynamically loading images. The functionality provided by the older version of the API should still work but it is no longer supported. User scripts and gadgets should migrate over to the newer version of the API. The functionality provided by the newer version of the API is [[mw:Extension:Proofread_Page/Page_viewer#JS_API|documented on MediaWiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Proofread_Page/Edit-in-Sequence] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 6 Bowte 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24151590 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * An [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|A/B test has begun]] at 15 Wikipedias for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools on mobile]]. Half of the editors on the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile|mobile web site]] will have access to the {{int:discussiontools-replybutton}} tool and other features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321961] * The character <code>=</code> cannot be used in new usernames, to make usernames work better with templates. Existing usernames are not affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254045] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers|show discussion metadata below section headings]] will be inserted after these headings, not inside of them. This change improves the accessibility of discussion pages for screen reader software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314714] '''Events''' * The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210002 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]! The event will be live-streamed on YouTube in the [https://www.youtube.com/user/watchmediawiki MediaWiki channel] and added to Commons afterwards. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:35, 12 Bowte 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24216570 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 9 January 2023. '''Recent changes''' * On a user's contributions page, you can filter it for edits with a tag like 'reverted'. Now, you can also filter for all edits that are not tagged like that. This was part of a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T119072] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new function has been used for gadget developers to add content underneath the title on article pages. This is considered a stable API that should work across all skins. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addSubtitle|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316830] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[test2wiki:|One of our test wikis]] is now being served from a new infrastructure powered by [[w:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] ([[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more]]). More Wikis will switch to this new infrastructure in early 2023. Please test and let us know of any issues. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290536] '''Problems''' * Last week, all wikis had no edit access for 9 minutes. This was caused by a database problem. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2022-12-13_sessionstore] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. * The word "{{int:discussiontools-replybutton}}" is very short in some languages, such as Arabic ("<bdi lang="ar">ردّ</bdi>"). This makes the {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} button on talk pages difficult to use. An arrow icon will be added to those languages. This will only be visible to editors who have the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] turned on. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323537] '''Future changes''' * Edits can be automatically "tagged" by the system software or the {{int:Abusefilter}} system. Those tags link to a help page about the tags. Soon they will also link to Recent Changes to let you see other edits tagged this way. This was a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301063] * The Trust & Safety tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System/Timeline and Updates|have shared new plans]] for building the Private Incident Reporting System. The system will make it easier for editors to ask for help if they are harassed or abused. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime Preview for Wikitext]] is coming out of beta as an enabled feature for every user of the 2010 Wikitext [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editor|editor]] in the week of January 9, 2023. It will be available to use via the toolbar in the 2010 Wikitext editor. The feature was the 4th most popular wish of the Community Wishlist Survey 2021. '''Events''' * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2023/Participate|register for the Wikimedia Hackathon 2023]], taking place on May 19–21 in Athens, Greece. You can also apply for a scholarship until January 14th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:00, 20 Bowte 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24258101 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can use tags to filter edits in the recent changes feed or on your watchlist. You can now use tags to filter out edits you don't want to see. Previously you could only use tags to focus on the edits with those tags. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T174349] * [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] shows all pages that link to a specific page. There is now a [https://wlh.toolforge.org prototype] for how to sort those pages alphabetically. You can see the discussion in the [[phab:T4306|Phabricator ticket]]. * You can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thanks]] function on your watchlist and the user contribution page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51541] * A wiki page can be moved to give it a new name. You can now get a dropdown menu with common reasons when you move a page. This is so you don't have to write the explanation every time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325257] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Matrix.org|Matrix]] is a chat tool. You can now use <code>matrix:</code> to create Matrix links on wiki pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326021] * You can filter out translations when you look at the recent changes on multilingual wikis. This didn't hide translation pages. You can now also hide subpages which are translation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233493] '''Changes later this week''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime preview for wikitext]] is a tool which lets editors preview the page when they edit wikitext. It will be enabled for all users of the 2010 wikitext editor. You will find it in the editor toolbar. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:08, 10 Siilo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24342971 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The URLs in "{{int:last}}" links on page history now contain <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=prev&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi> in place of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=[revision ID]&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi>. This is to fix a problem with links pointing to incorrect diffs when history was filtered by a tag. Some user scripts may break as a result of this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243569] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|changes to the appearance of talk pages]] have only been available on <code>{{ns:1}}:</code> and <code>{{ns:3}}:</code> namespaces. These will be extended to other talk namespaces, such as <code>{{ns:5}}:</code>. They will continue to be unavailable in non-talk namespaces, including <code>{{ns:4}}:</code> pages (e.g., at the Village Pump). You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|change your preferences]] ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325417] *On Wikisources, when an image is zoomed or panned in the Page: namespace, the same zoom and pan settings will be remembered for all Page: namespace pages that are linked to a particular Index: namespace page. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/ProofreadPage/+/868841] * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default for the English Wikipedia desktop users. The change will take place on January 18 at 15:00 UTC. [[:en:w:Wikipedia:Vector 2022|Learn more]]. '''Future changes''' * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]], which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts next week on 23 January 2023 at 18:00 UTC. You can start drafting your proposals in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:11, 17 Siilo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24381020 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, all wikis were unreachable for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a timing issue. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-17_MediaWiki] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * If you have the Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|DiscussionTools]] enabled, the appearance of talk pages will add more information about discussion activity. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317907] * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]] (CWS), which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts on Monday 23 January 2023 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496814 18:00 UTC]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:46, 23 Siilo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24418874 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 31 Siilo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24455949 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433] * Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as "What links here" in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692] *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins=…</code></bdi> for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:21, 6 Colte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24491749 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:49, 14 Colte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24540832 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). *The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February. '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:58, 21 Colte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24570514 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, in some areas of the world, there were problems with loading pages for 20 minutes and saving edits for 55 minutes. These issues were caused by a problem with our caching servers due to unforseen events during a routine maintenance task. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 27 Colte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24634242 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023. * On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 6 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24676916 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:20, 13 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24700189 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:26, 21 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24732558 --> == ウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア == *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア [[User:ウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア|ウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア]] ([[User talk:ウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア|yeewtu]]) 11:51, 23 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609] * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521] * Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:14, 28 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24780854 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.hoverIntent</code></bdi> module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hover()</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>on()</code></bdi> instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194] * Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242] * You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__ARCHIVEDTALK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. There will also be a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mw-archivedtalk</code></bdi> CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221] '''Future changes''' * The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:40, 3 Seeɗto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24820268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the "{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}" option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 10 Seeɗto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24851886 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature "{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}". Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for "{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}" for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246] '''Problems''' * At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:54, 18 Seeɗto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24881071 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316] '''Problems''' * Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940] * For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794] '''Changes later this week''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:03, 24 Seeɗto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24933592 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits] * The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:45, 2 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24966974 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>wikitext</code></bdi> as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html5</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>moin</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html+handlebars</code></bdi>, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&section=new&preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>preload=MediaWiki:July</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337] '''Problems''' * Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like <bdi lang="de" dir="ltr">[[:de:Modul:Graph]]</bdi>. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750] '''Future changes''' * During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805] * There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] <code>jquery.tipsy</code> will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with <code>.tipsy(</code> can be commented out. <code>OO.ui.PopupWidget</code> can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:36, 9 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24998636 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] '''Future changes''' * There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi>. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 15 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25011501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The "recent edits" time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250] '''Changes later this week''' * An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W21"/> </div> 16:55, 22 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25028325 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has "{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}" options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - "check all" checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252] '''Problems''' * For a few days earlier this month, the "Add interlanguage link" item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:04, 29 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25079963 --> == Translation request == Hi. sorry to bother you but I would like to ask you whether you could please translate this to Fula? <poem> Lingua Franca Nova (“Elefen”) is a language designed to be particularly simple, consistent, and easy to learn for international communications. It has a number of positive qualities: 1. It has a limited number of phonemes. It sounds similar to Italian or Spanish. 2. It is phonetically spelled. No child should have to spend years learning irregularities. 3. It has a completely regular grammar, similar to the world’s creoles. 4. It has a limited and completely regular set of productive affixes for routine word derivation. 5. It has well-defined rules for word order, in keeping with many major languages. 6. Its vocabulary is strongly rooted in modern Romance languages. These languages are themselves widespread and influential, plus they have contributed the major part of English vocabulary 7. It is designed to be naturally accepting of Latin and Greek technical neologisms, the de facto “world standard”. 8. It is designed to seem relatively “natural” to those who are familiar with Romance languages, without being any more difficult for others to learn. We hope you like Elefen! </poem> Thanks for your help. --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|yeewtu]]) 06:23, 30 Duujal 2023 (UTC) :Hi, :Lingua Franca Nova ( "Elefen" ) ko ɗemngal ngal footiima wonde e laaɓal, e fotaani anndude ngam haalde e nder leyɗe goɗɗe. :1. O woodi limgal fonemji. Ɗum nanngii bana Italiyanko'en malla Espaañko. :2. Ɗu'um ɗon habbina nder ɗemngal fonetik. Ɓiɗɗo walaa doole o waɗe duuɓi ngam anndugo ko'e laaɓuɗe. :3. O woodi ɗemngal ɗam ngal ngal footi, bana ɗemmbe duuniyaaru. :4. O woodi limti e nder footi e foti fota fuɗugo ngam ɓeydaaki wolde. :5. O woodi dokke ɗe laaɓteteeɗum ngam haala wolde, bana nder ɗemɗe mawɗe ɗuuɗɗe. :6. Ɗemɗe ɗe'e ɗon ɓesda nder ɗemngal Romance jamanuure. Ɗemɗe ɗe'e e hoore maɓɓe ɗon ɓurɗe ɓurna e huutoraade, e ɓe ɗon ɓeɗina ɓural ɓurndi nder ɗemngal Farayse :7. Ɗum haani jaɓugo laaɓal latine e Greek technical neologisms, de facto "world standard" . :8. Ɗum footi bana bana ko'e ""natural"" to ɓe ɗon anndina ɗemɗe Romanse, ngam walaa ko ɓurataa ɓe ɓeydaaki anndugo. :En ɗon tammunde on ngiɗi Elefen! [[User:Msddm|Msddm]] ([[User talk:Msddm|yeewtu]]) 07:22, 30 Duujal 2023 (UTC) ::Thank you for the translation. [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|yeewtu]]) 07:40, 30 Duujal 2023 (UTC) ::Is this part ''Greek technical neologisms, de facto "world standard"'', translated? [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|yeewtu]]) 09:56, 30 Duujal 2023 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341] * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937] * The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064] '''Problems''' * For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended <code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code> (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101] * Currently, the "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing <code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code> keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#wpReason</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;"><code>#wpReason > input</code></bdi>. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&diff=22859956&oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''Future changes''' * From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:52, 12 Korse 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25133779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing <code>\</code> or pressing <code>ctrl + shift + p</code>. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:09, 19 Korse 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25159510 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>/</code></bdi> to all <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prop=extlinks</code></bdi> responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the <code>externallinks</code> database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994] '''Problems''' * Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mbox-text</code></bdi> CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|targets=</code></bdi> parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|skins=</code></bdi> parameter in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition</bdi>) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268] * All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126] * The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 26 Korse 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25202311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:51, 3 Morso 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25231546 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159] * [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431] * The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&messages=&x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the "Completion" for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810] * [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218] '''Future changes''' * There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] * There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:54, 10 Morso 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25278797 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-ca</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-gb</code></bdi> subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthsetmentorstatus</code></bdi> API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthmanagementorlist</code></bdi> API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:08, 17 Morso 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25289122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:20, 25 Morso 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25332248 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates. * The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338] * The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open "office hours"|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] '''Problems''' * It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:54, 31 Morso 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25362228 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on "{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}" in your settings and use the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" button in the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 7 Juko 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25420038 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] <!-- TODO replace wiki codes --> '''Future changes''' * A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 06:00, 15 Juko 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25428668 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868] * From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages. ** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created: *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|<code>wikt:blk:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540] *** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|<code>s:su:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539] ** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are: *** Wikifunctions ([[f:|<code>f:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|<code>wikt:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|<code>w:gpe:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969] *** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|<code>n:guw:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|<code>wikt:kbd:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|<code>w:fat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W34"/> </div> 15:25, 21 Juko 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25497111 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166] * Wikisource users can now use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpbengalicurrency</code></bdi> label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><pagelist></nowiki></code></bdi> tag. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932] * Two preferences have been relocated. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}" is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|"{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab at some wikis. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}" is now also shown on the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab at all wikis, instead of the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]</bdi>, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]]. * All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><=></code></bdi> symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]]. * A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:00, 28 Juko 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25510866 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294] * One new wiki has been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|<code>w:tly:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:34, 4 Siilto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25566983 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, "{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}" and "{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}"), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115] * When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called "[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]". Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely "newsworthy" topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 11 Siilto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25589064 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 18 Siilto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25623533 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui</nowiki></code></bdi> modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there. * Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "namespaces" option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces. '''Future changes''' * New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_groups</bdi></code> and <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_editcount</bdi></code>. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 26 Siilto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25655264 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for "{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}". This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "<var>contentModels</var>" option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">wikitext</bdi></code> or <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">css</bdi></code>. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:27, 3 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25686930 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|<code>w:fon:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139] * At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under "Images recommendations" [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#page-actions</nowiki></code></bdi> will be replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-views</nowiki></code></bdi>. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:39, 9 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25712895 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click "Log in" or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-namespaces</nowiki></code></bdi> that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the "Discussion" tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 16 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25745824 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:16, 23 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25782286 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]). * The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] * Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]]. * The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 30 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25801989 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:06, 6 Jolal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25838105 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Four new wikis have been created: ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|<code>w:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|<code>w:dga:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|<code>w:bbc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320] ** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|<code>q:bjn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217] '''Problems''' * Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695] * Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>meta.domain == "canary"</nowiki></code></bdi>. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:52, 13 Jolal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25859263 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] * The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:55, 21 Jolal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25884616 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499] * The deployment of "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]" announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:09, 27 Jolal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25906379 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754] * The "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code></bdi> keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for "{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}" will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__NEWSECTIONLINK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/] * Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]]. '''Events''' * Registration & Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 4 Bowte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25914435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the "choosing own vs not own work" step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709] '''Problems''' * There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the "impact module" and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:12, 12 Bowte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25945501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The "Move Page" feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]]. * The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 18 Bowte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25959059 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:20, 9 Siilo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26026251 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as "ES2015") and ES7 ("ES2016"). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>requiresES6</nowiki></code></bdi> option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957] * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388] * An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> module was deprecated and replaced with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi> module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966] '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 16 Siilo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26074460 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:04, 23 Siilo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26096197 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].<!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011] * There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the "Tools" menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>targets</code></bdi> option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins</code></bdi> option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:31, 29 Siilo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26137870 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]]. *On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about "action blocks"]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199] '''Future changes''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:22, 5 Colte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26180971 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation] '''Problems''' *There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:49, 13 Colte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26223994 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you have the "{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}" option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984] * There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively. *Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]]. *The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid. * The CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]</code></bdi> property can now be used in HTML <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>style</code></bdi> attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:37, 19 Colte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26254282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value <code>wgGlobalGroups</code> now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get("wgGlobalGroups")))</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>changetags</code></bdi>) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:23, 26 Colte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26294125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Special:Book</code></bdi> page (as well as the associated "Create a book" functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437] * [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace. Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details. * Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget_definition</code></bdi> namespaces and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>gadgets-definition-edit</code></bdi> user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272] * A usability improvement to the "Add a citation" in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233] * The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?useparsoid=1</code></bdi> to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]). * '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:47, 4 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26329807 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498] *The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 11 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26374013 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The notice "Language links are at the top of the page" that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/] * Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:40, 18 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26410165 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:57, 25 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26446209 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:36, 2 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26462933 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey. * Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727] * Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 8 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the "{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}" tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435] * A new variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>page_last_edit_age</code></bdi> will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769] '''Future changes''' * Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter_history</code></bdi> tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 15 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086] * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:28, 22 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26647188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491] * Seven new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|<code>w:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|<code>w:kus:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|<code>w:igl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|<code>wikt:kaa:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|<code>s:my:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|<code>s:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|<code>s:ka:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085] * You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501] * Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]]. '''Problems''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mapstyle="osm"</nowiki></code></bdi>. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:34, 30 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26689057 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the <code>SiteAdminHelper</code>. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled "All public logs", but it only shows some logs. This label will now say "Main public logs". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729] '''Future changes''' * A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension. * Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]". This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:45, 6 Duujal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26729363 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__</code></bdi> to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214] * If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] "{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}", then the template-page feature "{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}" will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907] * [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. This is identical in usage to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137] * The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]" feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295] '''Future changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]</code></bdi> database table (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_title</code></bdi>) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]</code></bdi> table instead (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_title</code></bdi>). In your existing SQL queries: *# Replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN linktarget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_</code></bdi> in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>ON</code></bdi> statement *# Below that add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id</code></bdi> ** See <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T222224]]</bdi> for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 13 Duujal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26762074 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351] * New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 20 Duujal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26786311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.collapsible</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.multicol</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.reflist</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.coordinates</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.topicon</code></bdi>. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 28 Duujal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26832205 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086] * The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>" to "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>". [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|<code>w:dtp:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:35, 3 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26844397 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-reference-text</code></bdi> class, Parsoid now also adds the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>reference-text</code></bdi> class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705] '''Problems''' * There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><span class="mw-cite-backlink"></nowiki></code></bdi> wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] * On multilingual wikis that use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><translate></nowiki></code></bdi> system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:20, 10 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26893898 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954] * The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370] '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph] * Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]<!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:49, 17 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26911987 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717] * The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515] '''Problems''' * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:33, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26989424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364] * Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] * If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode] * Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458] * Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|<code>w:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] '''Problems''' * Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119] '''Future changes''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 1 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27038456 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. * Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia. * Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects. '''Problems''' * A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. '''Future changes''' * The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:32, 8 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27080357 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page. * The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]]. * Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]]. * Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. '''Changes later this week''' * This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895] * Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:31, 16 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27124561 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available. '''Feature News''' * Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public. * Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. * Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Project Updates''' * Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language. '''Learn more''' * Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. * How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 23 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:11, 29 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. These will reduce the need for <code>Template:Dir</code> and <code>Template:BCP47</code> on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the "what links here" database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces. * The tracking category "Pages using Timeline" has been renamed to "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. '''Project updates''' * Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Learn more''' * There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]]. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available. * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 5 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses. '''Project updates''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 12 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]]. * Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> property of <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Bugs status''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with <code>Talk:WP:</code> so that their titles start with <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi> instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]]. * Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee. '''Learn more''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:54, 20 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:34, 26 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:35, 26 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts. '''Feature news''' * Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]]. '''Project updates''' * A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded. '''Learn more''' * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:08, 3 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Project updates''' * Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:03, 17 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]] * Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]". Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]]. * The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax <code><nowiki>{{…}}</nowiki></code> are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: ** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too. ** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content. '''In depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the "[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]" and "[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]" subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 23 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month. * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the "donate" link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to "Create an account". This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]]. * View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis. '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Meetings and events''' * October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa * November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:21, 30 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new "Revert Risk" machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Updates for editors''' * Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * It is now possible for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> code blocks to offer readers a "Copy" button if the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]]. * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 7 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi> keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the "search engine" option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code> element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''In depth''' * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 14 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the "Donate" button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]] '''Updates for editors''' * Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]]. * Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]]. * View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> parser function. For example, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> will show as "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Previously, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (or <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> instead of using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects. * The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content. '''Meetings and events''' * 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel. * 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 21 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia]. * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> to <code>true</code> to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the "Nuke" tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:56, 28 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help. * The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''In depth''' * Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:50, 4 Jolal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:07, 12 Jolal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:01, 19 Jolal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. * The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> for bold and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to "protected" [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> and un-selecting "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:42, 25 Jolal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Two new parser functions were added this week. The <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the <code>mos</code> language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]]. * Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the "Download as PDF" system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:23, 2 Bowte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted. * The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en All collection]" category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion. * The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> and <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[git:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system. * The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:16, 9 Bowte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history. * Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information. * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:25, 16 Bowte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == Sub-referencing: Request for feedback == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] Hello I’m Johannes from the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes team]]. Four months ago, we reached out to the community to discuss the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] we are currently working on. Thank you to everyone who shared their thoughts and feedback on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing]] or in local village pump discussions! '''We would like to ask for your perspective again''', because we’ve made changes to the wikitext syntax of sub-referencing, based on the feedback we’ve received and because it’s the only viable way of dealing with some technical limitations. Please visit '''[[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Request for feedback]]''' to read more about our approach for ''inline'' sub-referencing and share your thoughts. Thanks for your effort! PS: You are receiving this message, because you signed-up to [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|our sub-referencing newsletter]]. If you don't want to receive further updates, just remove your name from the list.</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|yewtare]])</bdi> 15:07, 17 Bowte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up&oldid=27752385 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:42, 14 Siilo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:37, 21 Siilo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:15, 27 Siilo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:09, 4 Colte 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:12, 11 Colte 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 17 Colte 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 25 Colte 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:31, 4 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:10, 10 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:48, 17 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:43, 24 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 1 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 7 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:25, 15 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:01, 21 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! PS: You are receiving this message, because you signed-up to [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|our sub-referencing newsletter]]. If you don't want to receive further updates, just remove your name from the list.</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 14:53, 28 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up&oldid=28415817 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 28 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == Connecting to Collaborate on Fulfulde Wikipedia Contributions == Hello My name is Gayo Bah, I am a Wikimedian from the Gambia, where I’ve been contributing to various Wikimedia projects. I’m particularly interested in developing content in the Fulfulde language. Although our Fula dialect in the Gambia is slightly different, I believe there’s a great opportunity for us to connect and learn from each other. I would love to collaborate with you and see how we can strengthen Fulfulde contributions across the Wikimedia movement. [[User:Gayobah13|Gayobah13]] ([[User talk:Gayobah13|yeewtu]]) 13:57, 29 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) :Hello Gayo Bah! :Pleased to meet you, I'm enthused by your passion about developing content in Fulfulde language. While there may be differences between the Gambian variant and other dialects, that diversity makes our contributions even more valuable. :I’d be looking forward to collaborating with you! [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 01:05, 30 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you so much 🙏 ::Please you can reach me on WhatsApp: +220 6145246 or email: gayobah13@yahoo.com. So that we communicate more. [[User:Gayobah13|Gayobah13]] ([[User talk:Gayobah13|yeewtu]]) 12:33, 30 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 6 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:38, 12 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:13, 19 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 26 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:55, 2 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 16 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == Concern == Please am writing to submit my request to transfer my announcement to the Community Village Pump to help me secure my second term adminship in Fulfulde Wikipedia. [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 18:33, 19 Korse 2025 (UTC) :Hello @[[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]], I have already opined that your adminship request be processed. The request will be moved and this is also [https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Damugal_renndo the village pump's link] I dropped to you here for your perusal in the future. Here also is the [https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Damugal_renndo#Emitakou_Ardo_yewre link] to your adminship request with my endorsement. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 06:21, 20 Korse 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] for your intervention, I look forward to have a personal conversation with you. [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 09:06, 20 Korse 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:42, 30 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 8 Morso 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:10, 14 Morso 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 21 Morso 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:27, 29 Morso 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:41, 5 Juko 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 11 Juko 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:39, 19 Juko 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 26 Juko 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 1 Siilto 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 9 Siilto 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:08, 15 Siilto 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == Sub-referencing: News and request for feedback == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] Greetings from [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|WMDE]]'s [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Today we've deployed [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing]] to German Wikipedia, our first pilot wiki. A great milestone after so many years of work! We'll continue to improve the feature based on community feedback and want to deploy to other pilot wikis in the upcoming months, once we've solved a couple of issues affecting many non-dewiki projects. You are invited to try sub-referencing [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] in the meantime. We are currently thinking about how we could improve VisualEditor support for templates in sub-references if that's desired by the community. Read more about it [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|on our talk page]] and share your feedback! As always thank you very much for your support! <small>PS: You are receiving this message, because you signed-up to [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|our sub-referencing newsletter]]. If you don't want to receive further updates, just remove your name from the list.</small></div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 16:46, 22 Siilto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up&oldid=29317590 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:56, 22 Siilto 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 29 Siilto 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:24, 6 Yarkomaa 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 13 Yarkomaa 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:37, 20 Yarkomaa 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 27 Yarkomaa 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 3 Jolal 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 10 Jolal 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:26, 17 Jolal 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:57, 24 Jolal 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 1 Bowte 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:46, 8 Bowte 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 15 Bowte 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 22 Bowte 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 12 Siilo 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:30, 19 Siilo 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:18, 26 Siilo 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 2 Colte 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == Sub-referencing: Update == [[File:Sub-referencing re-use + RefPreview.png|350px|thumb|right|Sub-referencing example]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Greetings from [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]! In September 2025 we deployed [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing]] to German Wikipedia to make re-using references with different details easier. Thanks for piloting and helping to improve the feature! We recently published our insights and next steps in [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|our report]]. '''Some highlights''': * Over 6,000 Wikipedia articles use the new feature, with a total of over 15,000 sub-references created to date. * There are both experienced editors in featured articles (e.g. [[:de:Explosion des Oppauer Stickstoffwerkes]]) and relatively inexperienced VisualEditor users (e.g. in [[:de:Schmerzhafte Muttergottes (Guido Cagnacci)]]) using the feature. The majority of all sub-references (approx. 90%) are created in wikitext, yet over 300 editors have used the function in VisualEditor alone. * Workarounds like <syntaxhighlight lang=wikitext inline><ref name="Miller" />^{p. 44}</syntaxhighlight> (in the reader view ^{[1] p. 44}) have been replaced entirely by sub-referencing, which means that the complete reference information – including the page number – is now visible in both the reference list and in [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]]. * Sub-referencing is used with [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings#What types of details are contributors adding via sub-references?|lots of different citation details]] – predominantly page numbers, but also details such as chapters, paragraphs, quotes or video / audio timestamps. '''What has happened since September?''' * We ensured that re-used sub-references actually appear as re-used in the reader view and in VisualEditor. * We've made some cosmetic changes to the reference list: Initially, multi-line sub-references (e.g. quotations) were not displayed ideally, and two-digit sub-reference numbers were not indented correctly. * In VisualEditor, we have provided a feature to choose whether changes to re-used sub-references should affect all uses of the same sub-reference or only the one currently edited. '''What's next?''' * We will deploy sub-referencing to additional pilot wikis next week: Polish Wikipedia, Swedish Wikipdia and seven smaller wikis ([[:phab:T414094]]). All of these projects have been notified in advance. * We are working on technical adjustments to make sub-referencing usable in all wikis that use variants of the [[:en:Template:Reflist|<nowiki>{{Reflist}}</nowiki>]] template. * We are continuing to address community feedback: Among other things, we are currently exploring various ideas for visually improving reference lists with lots sub-references (e.g. [[:de:Liste der Straßen in Bad Honnef#Einzelnachweise und Anmerkungen]]). * In addition to sub-referencing, we are looking at other reference-related improvements: We are considering general improvements to [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] or solving issues with [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references|automatically created reference names in VisualEditor]] – there will be announcements and community consultations on this in the near future. More information about sub-referencing [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our project page]], more about our learnings and next steps [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|in our report]]. All the best from WMDE Technical Wishes! <small>PS: You've recieved this message because you [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|subscribed to our newsletter]]. Remove your name from the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|sign-up list]] if you don't want to receive further updates.</small></div> --[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 15:35, 9 Colte 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up&oldid=29343935 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:31, 9 Colte 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:17, 16 Colte 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:04, 23 Colte 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:52, 2 Mbooy 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 Mbooy 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:36, 16 Mbooy 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Join the LDH General Assembly | April 18, 2026 == We are delighted to invite you to the General Assembly of the [[m:Wikimedia Language Diversity Hub|'''Language Diversity Hub''']] (LDH) on Saturday, '''April 18th, 2026''', at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776517200 13:00 UTC]'''. === About the General Assembly === The General Assembly (GA) is a community-wide consultation and engagement space. It is the primary forum through which LDH connects with the broader language and Wikimedia communities. The GA is designed to: * Keep community members informed about LDH activities, decisions, and ongoing work. * Gather feedback and perspectives from across the language and Wikimedia ecosystem. * Create open pathways for participation, collaboration, and community-driven input. === How to participate === Everyone is welcome! If you work on language access, language diversity, or Wikimedia projects in any language community, this is a space for you. * '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfFCqPF3H-Yax0t-AbgRasoDdXLom23n2SsZR5fw74bxMuPCQ/viewform Register here to attend]''' [[File:LDH General Assembly E-flyer.jpg|frameless|center|280px|link=https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfFCqPF3H-Yax0t-AbgRasoDdXLom23n2SsZR5fw74bxMuPCQ/viewform]] Looking forward to your participation, Language Diversity Hub Team, 18:21, 20 Mbooy 2026 (UTC) ''<small>You can opt out of our distribution list by removing your username from [[m:MassMessage/Lists/LDH|this list]]</small>'' (This message was sent to [[:User:De-Invincible]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Oscar .@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/LDH&oldid=30182212 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 23 Mbooy 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:26, 30 Mbooy 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 6 Seeɗto 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:19, 13 Seeɗto 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:01, 20 Seeɗto 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 Seeɗto 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:32, 28 Seeɗto 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471751 --> == Invitation to try the Starter Kit tool and share your feedback == Hello @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]], Apologies this message is not in your native language. As one of the editors who set up the Fulah Wikipedia, the [[mw:Language_Onboarding_and_Development|Language Onboarding and Development]] initiative invites you to use the Starter Kit to configure and customize Fulah Wikipedia homepage. Main page customization is one of the first features of the starter kit which will help you improve your main page's layout and mobile responsiveness, and structure your content with ease using pre-built templates. It will also help us evaluate how well it can improve the onboarding experience of administrators on your Wikipedia, so we can further use the learnings to improve the experience for new wikis graduating from the incubator. Visit [[mw:Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit|this page]] to learn more about the Starter kit. '''Here's how to get started:''' * Access the Starter Kit here: https://starterkit.toolforge.org/ * Use the tool as illustrated in the screen record below to customize your main page. [[File:Starter_kit_main_page_customization_feature_demo.webm|822x822px|Starter kit main page customization feature demo]] * When you are done, share your feedback on [[mw:Talk:Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit|this page]] on the following: ** The time it took to configure and customize your Wikipedia initially, and the time it took now with the Kit. ** The things you find most useful while configuring it. ** Tell us anything important to your language Wikipedia or your community's goals that you felt the configured main page templates were able to or unable to capture. ** The step in the configuration process where you felt stuck, confused, or unsure what to do next. The configurations can be reverted like an edit from the “view history”, so don't be afraid to try it several times. We would appreciate it if you could submit your feedback by the 11th of May 2026 so we can start adding more features based on it. If you have any questions or need assistance, let me know. Thank you so much for your contributions to your Wikipedia and for helping us shape this tool for new Wikipedias. We will keep you updated on any additional things added to the starter kit in the future. Best regards, [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 15:07, 29 Seeɗto 2026 (UTC) :Hello @[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]], this sounds really interesting. I am more than happy to try this tool and provide you with a feedback, sharing my thoughts and experiences about it. Thank you so much for your work and inclusion. You'll receive my feedback soon.<small style="border:1px solid #444;padding:1px;background:#183693"> [[User:De-Invincible|<strong style="color:#FFF">DE-INVINCIBLE</strong>]] [[User talk:De-Invincible|<span style="color:white;">&nbsp;talk&nbsp;</span>]] </small> 15:14, 29 Seeɗto 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]], for your interest in the project, and we look forward to your feedback. [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 15:37, 11 Duujal 2026 (UTC) :'''Thank you for sharing your feedback''' :Dear @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]], :Thank you so much for taking the time to explore the [https://starterkit.toolforge.org Starter kit] and for sharing your feedback. Your insights are invaluable to us, and we truly appreciate your continued dedication to your Wikipedia community. :We will be reviewing all the feedback we received and use it to improve the Starter Kit for future wikis graduating from the incubator. Every comment, whether about what worked well or where you felt stuck, helps us shape a better experience for administrators in new wikis. :The next phase of our work will focus on [[mw:Language Onboarding and Development/Starter kit/Designs#Dashboard_Overview|the Dashboard]], which will give administrators a clearer overview of their wiki's activity and health, along with suggestions for essential tasks that can support the growth of their wiki. We plan to involve you in this process, and we'll be reaching out soon with more details on testing the dashboard. :We'll keep you [[mw:Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Updates|updated on this page]] as things progress. :Best regard, :[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 18:57, 14 Duujal 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you so much for involving us in this important project, I look forward to more future engagements and would be always available to share my share my experience on testing any products/tools developed in the next phase of the works. Thank you once again. <small style="border:1px solid #444;padding:1px;background:#183693"> [[User:De-Invincible|<strong style="color:#FFF">DE-INVINCIBLE</strong>]] [[User talk:De-Invincible|<span style="color:white;">&nbsp;talk&nbsp;</span>]] </small> 09:47, 15 Duujal 2026 (UTC) == Programme submissions open: Language Diversity Conference, Accra 2026 == [[File:Official logo for language diversity conference 03.png|frameless|250px|right]] The '''[[m:Language Diversity Conference|Language Diversity Conference 2026]]''' will take place '''2–4 October 2026 in Accra, Ghana''', under the theme: ''Strengthening Language Communities in the Open Knowledge Movement''. The Programming Team is inviting the following types of session proposals: * '''Lightning talks''' – 10-minute short presentations on any relevant topic * '''Presentations''' – 20–25 minutes (including audience Q&A) * '''Workshops and tutorials''' – 50 or 110-minute interactive sessions (e.g. on Content Translation, Wikidata, or other topics) * '''Panel discussions''' – 50-minute panels; collaborations with others are encouraged Submissions will be evaluated by the Programme Committee based on: * Potential impact and expected outcomes * Relevance to the conference theme or focus areas Sessions may be recorded and made publicly available. If you prefer not to be filmed, you may indicate this during submission. '''→ [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/langdiv/cfp Submit your proposal on Eventyay]''' For more information, or questions, contact: languagediversitycon{{@}}gmail.com <!-- Message sent by User:~~~~~ on behalf of the Language Diversity Hub --> (This message was sent to [[:User:De-Invincible]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Oscar .@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/LDH&oldid=30405990 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 4 Duujal 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Duujal 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:22, 18 Duujal 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:52, 25 Duujal 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:09, 1 Korse 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:30, 8 Korse 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == Invitation to try the Starter Kit Dashboard and share your feedback == Hello @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]], Apologies this message is not in your native language. As an admin in the Fulah Wikipedia, you are invited by the [[mw:Language_Onboarding_and_Development|Language Onboarding and Development]] initiative to use the Starter Kit Dashboard. This tool will help you perform essential tasks such as importing infoboxes, tracking your Wikipedia’s activity and growth and connecting with members of the broader Wikimedia community for technical guidance. Starter Kit Dashboard organizes essential setup tasks, making it easy for you to complete them so contributors can begin editing and learning quickly. As an admin, you can also use the Dashboard to track your Wikipedia’s progress and growth. Using this tool will help us evaluate how it can improve the onboarding experience for administrators, and the insights you provide will be used to enhance the experience for new wikis graduating from the incubator. Visit [[mw:Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit|this page]] to learn more about the Starter Kit. Here's how to get started: * Access the Starter Kit Dashboard here: [http://starterkit.toolforge.org/ http://starterkit.toolforge.org] * Login with your wiki credentials, enter the target wiki url (e.g., https://hi.wikipedia.org * Follow the steps shown in the video below to use the tool. [[File:Wikipedia_Starter_Kit_Dashboard_MVP_Demo_Video.webm|826x826px|Wikipedia Starter Kit Dashboard MVP Demo Video]] * After exploring the Dashboard, please share your feedback on [[mw:Talk:Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit|this page,]] focusing on the following questions: ** The parts of the starter kit you expect to use most often, and how you plan to use them. ** The essential tasks you tried, and how easy or difficult they were to complete. ** The wiki tasks you would like the starter kit to guide you through or automate in the future. Most of the tasks that will result in edits on the wiki can be reverted like an edit from the “view history”, so don't be afraid to try them several times. We would appreciate it if you could submit your feedback by June 26, 2026, so we can begin analyzing it to identify areas for improvement. If you have any questions or need assistance, please let me know. Thank you so much for your contributions to your Wikipedia and for helping us shape this tool for new and small Wikipedias. We will keep you updated on any additional things added to the starter kit in the future. Best regards, [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 19:32, 11 Korse 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:49, 15 Korse 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:05, 23 Korse 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:48, 29 Korse 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User talk:Musaddam Idriss]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> qqalr4fw70wwmt352vmz67j7d7db8xh 0 5723 177183 170794 2026-06-29T09:50:55Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the section "Early life and education" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361444274|Abubakar Alhaji]]" 177183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abubakar Alhaji''' ko gardiiɗo leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], o woni Ministaar Cuurɗinki e Ceede. O ɗon jogii ko [[Sardauna]] [[Sakkwatoɓe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200708140105.html|title=Reference at allafrica.com}}</ref> Alhaji ko Sekreterjo Duumotooɗo mo ɓooyi gollude e laamuuji [[Naajeeriya]] feere-feere.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=IV|first=Editorial|date=2018-11-22|title=Abubakar Alhaji: The Sardauna of Sokoto at 80 By Ibrahim Muye Yahaya|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/abubakar-alhaji-the-sardauna-of-sokoto-at-80-by-ibrahim-muye-yahaya/|access-date=2020-09-27|website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahmad|first=Ayuba|date=2018-10-28|title=Celebrating Sardaunan Sakkwato, Alhaji Alhaji at 80|url=https://dailytrust.com/celebrating-sardaunan-sakkwato-alhaji-alhaji-at-80|access-date=2020-09-27|website=Daily Trust|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Sarakunan Katsina 12.jpg|thumb]] [[File:HIS MAJESTY AS MAYOR OF PORT HARCOURT WITH SIR ALHAJI TAFAWA BALEWA.jpeg|thumb|JAŊDE MAAKO HONO MEER PORT HARCOURT E SIR ALHAJI TAFAWA BALEWA]] == Ɓiɗɗo e janngirde == Alhaji jibini nder saare Muhammed Sani mo anndiraa kadi Alhaji Alhaji ngam o jibini nder nyalaande Sallah nden o yahi haa haa haa [[Makka]], o noddi kadi ''Dogon Daji'', ''Sarkin Shanu''.<ref name="ibraheem">{{cite news|last=Muhammad|first=Ibraheem|date=February 1, 2015|title=I was close to General Murtala and even those who killed him in 1976 coup – Alhaji Mu'azu Alhaji|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/interview/19517-i-was-close-to-general-murtala-and-even-those-who-killed-him-in-1976-coup-alhaji-mu-azu-alhaji|newspaper=Daily Trust|location=Abuja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923223329/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/interview/19517-i-was-close-to-general-murtala-and-even-those-who-killed-him-in-1976-coup-alhaji-mu-azu-alhaji|archive-date=September 23, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alhaji yahi jaŋde sekondare e [[Kano]] haa o yahdi to Jaŋde laamu [[Katsina]]. O yahi ''Bournemouth College of Commerce e University of Reading'', Berkshire o heɓii jaŋde nder jaŋde politik. Alhaji waɗi [[janngirde]] e Haag ''Institute of Social Services'' e IMF ''Institute'', [[Washington]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=IV|first=Editorial|date=2018-11-22|title=Abubakar Alhaji: The Sardauna of Sokoto at 80 By Ibrahim Muye Yahaya|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/abubakar-alhaji-the-sardauna-of-sokoto-at-80-by-ibrahim-muye-yahaya/|access-date=2020-09-27|website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kuugal == O hawti e golle laamu [[Naajeeriya]] nder 1964 o laati ardiiɗo jaaynde nder jaaynde federeereeji nder ɓaawo 1960. Caggal nde o yahi jaŋde ha Den Haag, o jeyaa ha nder minisiriilu jaŋde, to o jeyaaɗo hooreejo jaŋde. E hitaande 1971, o fuɗɗii golle makko to Ministeer Fedde Ɓamtaare. Nder hitaande 1979, o waɗi nder jaayɗe jaayɗe ngam o laatii jaayɗo jaayɗeAlhaji waɗi sardauna nder 1990, mawɗo laamorde nden, [[Ahmadu Bello]] maayi nder hitaande 1966. O woni ɓiyum mawɗo [[Aliyu Dasuki]] mo [[Ibrahim Dasuki]] mawnini. O woodi ɓiyum Ibraheem Dasuki Aminu-Alhaji. Nder kuugal maako nder Ministri Finance, o hawti e jaɓɓugo haade [[Naajeeriya]] bee jaɓɓooɓe jaɓɓooɓe. Kadi, o ɗon nder nder nder nder nder lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ngam jaɓugo nder Lome II. Alhaji ɓaawo ɗun o waɗi nder jaayɗe jaayɗe ɓaawo Babangida ɓeydiima o waɗiri hooreejo jaayɗe jaayɗe, jaayɗe e jaayɗe nder hitaande 1988. Alhaji waɗi sardauna nder 1990, mawɗo laamorde nden, [[Ahmadu Bello]] maayi nder hitaande 1966. O woni ɓiyum mawɗo Aliyu Dasuki mo [[Ibrahim Dasuki]] mawnini. O woodi ɓiyum [[Ibraheem Dasuki Aminu-Alhaji]]. == Hiimoɓe == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yimɓe Hawsare]] [[Category:Yimɓe Naajeeriya]] [[Category:Yimɓe]] [[Category:Naajeeriya]] [[Category:Yimɓe Afrik]] [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] == Early life and education == Alhaji jibinaa ko e galle Muhammed Sani kadi ina anndiraa Alhaji Alhaji sabu o jibinaa ko ñalnde Sallah o yahi hijjoore to Makka . Alhaji janngi duɗal hakkundeewal to [[Kano]] hade mum yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamu Katsina. Caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde njulaagu Bournemouth e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Reading, Berkshire o heɓi dipolom makko e faggudu politik. Alhaji ƴettii kursuuji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde La Haye to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde FMI, to Washington. rjc3f55hdmmdpgb3885li06we7abrgs 177184 177183 2026-06-29T09:51:13Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abubakar Alhaji''' ko gardiiɗo leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], o woni Ministaar Cuurɗinki e Ceede. O ɗon jogii ko [[Sardauna]] [[Sakkwatoɓe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200708140105.html|title=Reference at allafrica.com}}</ref> Alhaji ko Sekreterjo Duumotooɗo mo ɓooyi gollude e laamuuji [[Naajeeriya]] feere-feere.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=IV|first=Editorial|date=2018-11-22|title=Abubakar Alhaji: The Sardauna of Sokoto at 80 By Ibrahim Muye Yahaya|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/abubakar-alhaji-the-sardauna-of-sokoto-at-80-by-ibrahim-muye-yahaya/|access-date=2020-09-27|website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahmad|first=Ayuba|date=2018-10-28|title=Celebrating Sardaunan Sakkwato, Alhaji Alhaji at 80|url=https://dailytrust.com/celebrating-sardaunan-sakkwato-alhaji-alhaji-at-80|access-date=2020-09-27|website=Daily Trust|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Sarakunan Katsina 12.jpg|thumb]] [[File:HIS MAJESTY AS MAYOR OF PORT HARCOURT WITH SIR ALHAJI TAFAWA BALEWA.jpeg|thumb|JAŊDE MAAKO HONO MEER PORT HARCOURT E SIR ALHAJI TAFAWA BALEWA]] == Ɓiɗɗo e janngirde == Alhaji jibini nder saare Muhammed Sani mo anndiraa kadi Alhaji Alhaji ngam o jibini nder nyalaande Sallah nden o yahi haa haa haa [[Makka]], o noddi kadi ''Dogon Daji'', ''Sarkin Shanu''.<ref name="ibraheem">{{cite news|last=Muhammad|first=Ibraheem|date=February 1, 2015|title=I was close to General Murtala and even those who killed him in 1976 coup – Alhaji Mu'azu Alhaji|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/interview/19517-i-was-close-to-general-murtala-and-even-those-who-killed-him-in-1976-coup-alhaji-mu-azu-alhaji|newspaper=Daily Trust|location=Abuja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923223329/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/interview/19517-i-was-close-to-general-murtala-and-even-those-who-killed-him-in-1976-coup-alhaji-mu-azu-alhaji|archive-date=September 23, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alhaji yahi jaŋde sekondare e [[Kano]] haa o yahdi to Jaŋde laamu [[Katsina]]. O yahi ''Bournemouth College of Commerce e University of Reading'', Berkshire o heɓii jaŋde nder jaŋde politik. Alhaji waɗi [[janngirde]] e Haag ''Institute of Social Services'' e IMF ''Institute'', [[Washington]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=IV|first=Editorial|date=2018-11-22|title=Abubakar Alhaji: The Sardauna of Sokoto at 80 By Ibrahim Muye Yahaya|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/abubakar-alhaji-the-sardauna-of-sokoto-at-80-by-ibrahim-muye-yahaya/|access-date=2020-09-27|website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kuugal == O hawti e golle laamu [[Naajeeriya]] nder 1964 o laati ardiiɗo jaaynde nder jaaynde federeereeji nder ɓaawo 1960. Caggal nde o yahi jaŋde ha Den Haag, o jeyaa ha nder minisiriilu jaŋde, to o jeyaaɗo hooreejo jaŋde. E hitaande 1971, o fuɗɗii golle makko to Ministeer Fedde Ɓamtaare. Nder hitaande 1979, o waɗi nder jaayɗe jaayɗe ngam o laatii jaayɗo jaayɗeAlhaji waɗi sardauna nder 1990, mawɗo laamorde nden, [[Ahmadu Bello]] maayi nder hitaande 1966. O woni ɓiyum mawɗo [[Aliyu Dasuki]] mo [[Ibrahim Dasuki]] mawnini. O woodi ɓiyum Ibraheem Dasuki Aminu-Alhaji. Nder kuugal maako nder Ministri Finance, o hawti e jaɓɓugo haade [[Naajeeriya]] bee jaɓɓooɓe jaɓɓooɓe. Kadi, o ɗon nder nder nder nder nder lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ngam jaɓugo nder Lome II. Alhaji ɓaawo ɗun o waɗi nder jaayɗe jaayɗe ɓaawo Babangida ɓeydiima o waɗiri hooreejo jaayɗe jaayɗe, jaayɗe e jaayɗe nder hitaande 1988. Alhaji waɗi sardauna nder 1990, mawɗo laamorde nden, [[Ahmadu Bello]] maayi nder hitaande 1966. O woni ɓiyum mawɗo Aliyu Dasuki mo [[Ibrahim Dasuki]] mawnini. O woodi ɓiyum [[Ibraheem Dasuki Aminu-Alhaji]]. == Hiimoɓe == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yimɓe Hawsare]] [[Category:Yimɓe Naajeeriya]] [[Category:Yimɓe]] [[Category:Naajeeriya]] [[Category:Yimɓe Afrik]] [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] == Early life and education == Alhaji jibinaa ko e galle Muhammed Sani kadi ina anndiraa Alhaji Alhaji sabu o jibinaa ko ñalnde Sallah o yahi hijjoore to Makka . Alhaji janngi duɗal hakkundeewal to [[Kano]] hade mum yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamu Katsina. Caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde njulaagu Bournemouth e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Reading, Berkshire o heɓi dipolom makko e faggudu politik. Alhaji ƴettii kursuuji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde La Haye to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde FMI, to Washington. ==firooji== ge7x4w5gqh9984cp5vl6p90uqexz5uk 0 9209 177162 43740 2026-06-29T09:36:34Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346488201|Abiodun Richards Adejola]]" 177162 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abiodun Richards Adejola''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 23 lewru Duujal hitaande 1964 to Ogun ) ko dipolomaat leydi Najeriya, kadi ko gardiiɗo leydi Najeriya to [[Ngenndiije Dentuɗe|Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe]] to Geneve, [[Suwis|leydi Siwis]] . O heɓi golle ɗee ko e lewru feebariyee 2021, o ƴetti golle ɗee e juuɗe [[Tijjani Mohammed Bande|Tijjani Muhammadu-Bande]] . == Jaangirde == Adejola ina jogii dipolomaaji baccalauréat e master e jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele . O tawtoraama kursuuji seedantaagal to bannge Dipolomasi e jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to [[Lagos]], leydi Nijeer e to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to [[𞤚𞤵𞤬𞤵𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤐𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤪𞤳|New York]], to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik. == Kugal == Adejola naati nder kuugal yaasi lesdi Naajeeriya nder lewru Oktoba 1993. O woni janngoowo-ofiisaajo ɓurɗo anndugo haa janngirde 12th Regular Course Regular nder Akademi kuugal yaasi lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1994. O huwi nder kuuɗe feere-feere nder cate dipolomaaji ɗiɗaɓi e cate dipolomaaji ɗuuɗɗi. O golliima to Galle Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to New York, to Komisariyaa mawɗo leydi Najeriya, London kam e Komisariyaa mawɗo leydi Najeriya to Port of Spain, [[Tirinidad e Tobago|Trinidad e Tobago]] . E lewru feebariyee 2021 o heɓi golle Wakiiliijo Duumotooɗo leydi Nijeer to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe goɗɗe to Jeneef, o rokki ɓataake makko teskinɗo to Dirikteer Jeneraal Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Jeneef e lewru suwee 2021. Haa nde o woni e golle makko to Jeneef, Charsyffa the Edemi's at e leydi Naajeeriya to leydi Ecoppi, e Misiyoŋ duumotooɗo leydi Naajeeriya to Dental Afrik e Komisiyoŋ Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik to [[Adis Ababa|Addis Abeba]], [[Ecoppi]] . == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] rukdth85e6pcs7y2kt5p1exla4ua29n 177163 177162 2026-06-29T09:36:50Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abiodun Richards Adejola''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 23 lewru Duujal hitaande 1964 to Ogun ) ko dipolomaat leydi Najeriya, kadi ko gardiiɗo leydi Najeriya to [[Ngenndiije Dentuɗe|Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe]] to Geneve, [[Suwis|leydi Siwis]] . O heɓi golle ɗee ko e lewru feebariyee 2021, o ƴetti golle ɗee e juuɗe [[Tijjani Mohammed Bande|Tijjani Muhammadu-Bande]] . == Jaangirde == Adejola ina jogii dipolomaaji baccalauréat e master e jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele . O tawtoraama kursuuji seedantaagal to bannge Dipolomasi e jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to [[Lagos]], leydi Nijeer e to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to [[𞤚𞤵𞤬𞤵𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤐𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤪𞤳|New York]], to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik. == Kugal == Adejola naati nder kuugal yaasi lesdi Naajeeriya nder lewru Oktoba 1993. O woni janngoowo-ofiisaajo ɓurɗo anndugo haa janngirde 12th Regular Course Regular nder Akademi kuugal yaasi lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1994. O huwi nder kuuɗe feere-feere nder cate dipolomaaji ɗiɗaɓi e cate dipolomaaji ɗuuɗɗi. O golliima to Galle Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to New York, to Komisariyaa mawɗo leydi Najeriya, London kam e Komisariyaa mawɗo leydi Najeriya to Port of Spain, [[Tirinidad e Tobago|Trinidad e Tobago]] . E lewru feebariyee 2021 o heɓi golle Wakiiliijo Duumotooɗo leydi Nijeer to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe goɗɗe to Jeneef, o rokki ɓataake makko teskinɗo to Dirikteer Jeneraal Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Jeneef e lewru suwee 2021. Haa nde o woni e golle makko to Jeneef, Charsyffa the Edemi's at e leydi Naajeeriya to leydi Ecoppi, e Misiyoŋ duumotooɗo leydi Naajeeriya to Dental Afrik e Komisiyoŋ Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik to [[Adis Ababa|Addis Abeba]], [[Ecoppi]] . == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 0quevmxia28ohgp2aq5nw3qls4m5wm0 0 9219 177166 43758 2026-06-29T09:39:19Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355731882|Oluyemi Adeniji]]" 177166 wikitext text/x-wiki Ambasadeer '''Oluyemi Adeniji''' Listen c (22 sulyee 1934 &#x2013; 27 noowammbar 2017 to [[London|Londres]] ) ko dipolomaasiyanke e politikyanke mo golle mum ngoni, ko o Wakiiliijo keeriiɗo to Sekreteruuji Mawɗi e Misiyoŋ Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Siyeraa Leyoon (UNAMSIL) tuggi lewru Siilo 1990, 2017. Caggal mum o woni jaagorgal caggal leydi leydi Najeriya tuggi lewru juko 2003 haa lewru suwee 2006, caggal ɗuum o woni jaagorgal nder leydi ndii gila 21 lewru juko hitaande 2006 haa lewru mee 2007. == Golle dipolomaasi == Adeniji ina joginoo dipolomaaji e Daartol. O naati nder kuugal lesdi Naajeeriya nder lewru Juko hitaande 1960. O huwi haa ministaajo lesdi Naajeeriya e ammbasadeeji lesdi Naajeeriya haa Washington, DC, [[Firiton|Freetown]], Siyeraa Leyoon, e [[Akra|Accra]], Ganaa. O woppi golle ko e hitaande 1991 caggal nde o woni gardiiɗo ministeer geɗe caggal leydi. Duuɓi joy o woniino Ambasadeer leydi Nijeer to Farayse. Adeniji wonnoo ko nulaaɗo keeriiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to bannge njuɓɓudi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to [[Santarafirik|leydi Afrik hakkundeejo]] (MINURCA). Mission oo ina halfinaa kisal e nder Bangui e yuɓɓinde wooteeji dipiteeji e wooteeji hooreleydaagu baɗaaɗi e hitaande 1998 e 1999. Ndeen o toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Siyeraa Leyoon, kadi o woni hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Siyeraa Leyoon (UNAMSIL). == Caggal golle == Adeniji toɗɗaama jaagorgal ko feewti e caggal leydi e lewru sulyee 2003. Puɗɗagol e lewru marse 2008, Adeniji ardii kaaldigal to [[Keniya|Keñiya]] jowitiingal e caɗeele politik ndeen leydi, caggal nde gardiiɗo kaaldigal gadiiɗo oo, [[Kofi Annan|hono Kofi Annan]], yalti. Yanti heen, o golliima e Goomu yimɓe mawɓe ko faati e darnde IAEA haa 2020 e ko fayi arde, ardinoo ɗum ko Ernesto Zedillo, mo ciimtol mum ''Semmbinde njuɓɓudi nukliyeer winndereeri ngam jam e ɓamtaare'' yaltinaa e lewru suwee 2008. Adeniji sankii ko ñalnde 27 noowammbar 2017 to Londres, ina yahra e duuɓi 83. == Tuugnorgal == ka2bq7d9855dvbwo4tv0s8rt1bc76f2 177167 177166 2026-06-29T09:39:32Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ambasadeer '''Oluyemi Adeniji''' Listen c (22 sulyee 1934 &#x2013; 27 noowammbar 2017 to [[London|Londres]] ) ko dipolomaasiyanke e politikyanke mo golle mum ngoni, ko o Wakiiliijo keeriiɗo to Sekreteruuji Mawɗi e Misiyoŋ Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Siyeraa Leyoon (UNAMSIL) tuggi lewru Siilo 1990, 2017. Caggal mum o woni jaagorgal caggal leydi leydi Najeriya tuggi lewru juko 2003 haa lewru suwee 2006, caggal ɗuum o woni jaagorgal nder leydi ndii gila 21 lewru juko hitaande 2006 haa lewru mee 2007. == Golle dipolomaasi == Adeniji ina joginoo dipolomaaji e Daartol. O naati nder kuugal lesdi Naajeeriya nder lewru Juko hitaande 1960. O huwi haa ministaajo lesdi Naajeeriya e ammbasadeeji lesdi Naajeeriya haa Washington, DC, [[Firiton|Freetown]], Siyeraa Leyoon, e [[Akra|Accra]], Ganaa. O woppi golle ko e hitaande 1991 caggal nde o woni gardiiɗo ministeer geɗe caggal leydi. Duuɓi joy o woniino Ambasadeer leydi Nijeer to Farayse. Adeniji wonnoo ko nulaaɗo keeriiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to bannge njuɓɓudi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to [[Santarafirik|leydi Afrik hakkundeejo]] (MINURCA). Mission oo ina halfinaa kisal e nder Bangui e yuɓɓinde wooteeji dipiteeji e wooteeji hooreleydaagu baɗaaɗi e hitaande 1998 e 1999. Ndeen o toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Siyeraa Leyoon, kadi o woni hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Siyeraa Leyoon (UNAMSIL). == Caggal golle == Adeniji toɗɗaama jaagorgal ko feewti e caggal leydi e lewru sulyee 2003. Puɗɗagol e lewru marse 2008, Adeniji ardii kaaldigal to [[Keniya|Keñiya]] jowitiingal e caɗeele politik ndeen leydi, caggal nde gardiiɗo kaaldigal gadiiɗo oo, [[Kofi Annan|hono Kofi Annan]], yalti. Yanti heen, o golliima e Goomu yimɓe mawɓe ko faati e darnde IAEA haa 2020 e ko fayi arde, ardinoo ɗum ko Ernesto Zedillo, mo ciimtol mum ''Semmbinde njuɓɓudi nukliyeer winndereeri ngam jam e ɓamtaare'' yaltinaa e lewru suwee 2008. Adeniji sankii ko ñalnde 27 noowammbar 2017 to Londres, ina yahra e duuɓi 83. == Tuugnorgal == 1oiol2ks7eb4gov34oyew8gxs6vvz52 0 9328 177172 157931 2026-06-29T09:44:38Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the section "Education" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326917137|Adeyinka Asekun]]" 177172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Adeyinka Olatokunbo''' Asekun (jibinaa ko ñalnde sappo e go'o 11 lewru juko hitaande dubi alif 1956 to leydi [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Najeeriya]]) ko bankeejo [[leydi]] Naajeriya, o dipolomaasi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-19|title=Unveiling Nigeria's envoys-designate {{!}} The Nation|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/unveiling-nigerias-envoys-designate/|access-date=2021-01-29|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> Ko kanko woni ammbasadeer leydi Naajeriya to Kanadaa hannde. Jaangirde Asekun janngii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wisconsin ɗo o janngi njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi BSc e njuɓɓudi njulaagu o woni ko e Marketing. O janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni, o heɓi MBA. == Tuunorgal == [[Category:Stub]] == Education == Asekun naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wisconsin ɗo o janngi njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi BSc e njuɓɓudi njulaagu to bannge njulaagu. O heɓi MBA to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni . mummgcouiktnspim0bfqy9uj9ecglkf 177173 177172 2026-06-29T09:45:03Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adeyinka Olatokunbo''' Asekun (jibinaa ko ñalnde sappo e go'o 11 lewru juko hitaande dubi alif 1956 to leydi [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Najeeriya]]) ko bankeejo [[leydi]] Naajeriya, o dipolomaasi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-19|title=Unveiling Nigeria's envoys-designate {{!}} The Nation|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/unveiling-nigerias-envoys-designate/|access-date=2021-01-29|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> Ko kanko woni ammbasadeer leydi Naajeriya to Kanadaa hannde. Jaangirde Asekun janngii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wisconsin ɗo o janngi njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi BSc e njuɓɓudi njulaagu o woni ko e Marketing. O janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni, o heɓi MBA. == Tuunorgal == [[Category:Stub]] == Education == Asekun naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wisconsin ɗo o janngi njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi BSc e njuɓɓudi njulaagu to bannge njulaagu. O heɓi MBA to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni . ==firooji= 0hda8rdgz76mztxu9ezan8fkzqln8a9 177174 177173 2026-06-29T09:45:16Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 /* =firooji */ 177174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adeyinka Olatokunbo''' Asekun (jibinaa ko ñalnde sappo e go'o 11 lewru juko hitaande dubi alif 1956 to leydi [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Najeeriya]]) ko bankeejo [[leydi]] Naajeriya, o dipolomaasi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-19|title=Unveiling Nigeria's envoys-designate {{!}} The Nation|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/unveiling-nigerias-envoys-designate/|access-date=2021-01-29|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> Ko kanko woni ammbasadeer leydi Naajeriya to Kanadaa hannde. Jaangirde Asekun janngii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wisconsin ɗo o janngi njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi BSc e njuɓɓudi njulaagu o woni ko e Marketing. O janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni, o heɓi MBA. == Tuunorgal == [[Category:Stub]] == Education == Asekun naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wisconsin ɗo o janngi njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi BSc e njuɓɓudi njulaagu to bannge njulaagu. O heɓi MBA to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni . ==firooji== jd8cjoolwa3mlqt6wo4ba8zutufh7dp 177175 177174 2026-06-29T09:46:09Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the section "Education" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326917137|Adeyinka Asekun]]" 177175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adeyinka Olatokunbo''' Asekun (jibinaa ko ñalnde sappo e go'o 11 lewru juko hitaande dubi alif 1956 to leydi [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Najeeriya]]) ko bankeejo [[leydi]] Naajeriya, o dipolomaasi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-19|title=Unveiling Nigeria's envoys-designate {{!}} The Nation|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/unveiling-nigerias-envoys-designate/|access-date=2021-01-29|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> Ko kanko woni ammbasadeer leydi Naajeriya to Kanadaa hannde. Jaangirde Asekun janngii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wisconsin ɗo o janngi njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi BSc e njuɓɓudi njulaagu o woni ko e Marketing. O janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni, o heɓi MBA. == Tuunorgal == [[Category:Stub]] == Education == Asekun naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wisconsin ɗo o janngi njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi BSc e njuɓɓudi njulaagu to bannge njulaagu. O heɓi MBA to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni . ==firooji== == Education == Asekun naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wisconsin ɗo o janngi njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi BSc e njuɓɓudi njulaagu to bannge njulaagu. O heɓi MBA to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni . 22y7m1g0xh9hgx5bvrziziql4x6ho1s 177176 177175 2026-06-29T09:46:25Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adeyinka Olatokunbo''' Asekun (jibinaa ko ñalnde sappo e go'o 11 lewru juko hitaande dubi alif 1956 to leydi [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Najeeriya]]) ko bankeejo [[leydi]] Naajeriya, o dipolomaasi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-19|title=Unveiling Nigeria's envoys-designate {{!}} The Nation|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/unveiling-nigerias-envoys-designate/|access-date=2021-01-29|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> Ko kanko woni ammbasadeer leydi Naajeriya to Kanadaa hannde. Jaangirde Asekun janngii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wisconsin ɗo o janngi njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi BSc e njuɓɓudi njulaagu o woni ko e Marketing. O janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni, o heɓi MBA. == Tuunorgal == [[Category:Stub]] == Education == Asekun naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wisconsin ɗo o janngi njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi BSc e njuɓɓudi njulaagu to bannge njulaagu. O heɓi MBA to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni . ==firooji== == Education == Asekun naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wisconsin ɗo o janngi njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi BSc e njuɓɓudi njulaagu to bannge njulaagu. O heɓi MBA to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni . ==firooji== j7bouf0b0xf1sy5z2udc0vmas7ncaua 0 9339 177181 43980 2026-06-29T09:50:02Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360442125|Olusegun Akinsanya]]" 177181 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olusegun Akinsanya, mni''' (jibinaa ko 14 sulyee 1946) ko dipolomaat Najeriya e dowla, o woniino ammbasadeer Najeriya to [[Ecoppi]] e [[Jibuuti]] tuggi 2004 haa 2007 e Wakiiliijo Duumotooɗo to Dental Afrik e Dental Afrik2 2010. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Olusegun jibinaa ko e hitaande 1946 e nder galle Obileye mo Odo-Egbo, e Akinsanya mo galleeji Iyanro to Ijebu-Ode . O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Egbado hakkunde 1960 e 1965 e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Adeola Odutola hakkunde 1966 e 1967. Caggal ɗuum o yahi to [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]] ngam janngude ganndal politik, ɗo o heɓi ɗoon seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1972 (PASCA), to Lahore, e dipolomaaji master e jaŋde politik e peeje to Duɗal ngenndiwal jaŋde politik e peeje, Kuru (NIPSS), Nijeer kam e Dipolomaaji e ɗemngal Farayse to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Dakar, [[Senegaal]] . == Kugal == Ko adii nde o naatata e golle dipolomaasi, Olusegun Akinsanya golliima e Banki mawɗo leydi Najeriya hakkunde hitaande 1968 e 1969, e Diisnondiral wuro Lagos. Naatgol makko e golle dipolomasi fuɗɗii ko e Ministeer Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (Niiseer) e hitaande 1972, ɗo o gollinoo e Departemaa Afrik. Caggal ɗuum o waɗtaa hooreejo Chancery to Ammbasadeer Najeriya to [[Santarafirik|leydi Afrik hakkundeejo]], ɗo o golli haa hitaande 1977. E hitaande 1978, o toɗɗaa Konseyeer e hooreejo Chancery to Ammbasadeer Naajeeriya to [[Senegaal]], caggal ɗuum o neldaa to Mission Permanent Nijeer to Geneva . Ko adii nde o toɗɗaa ammbasadeer, o golliima e nder dipolomaasi leydi Nijeer to Bangui, Dakar, Geneve, [[London|Londres]], [[Moscow]] e [[Adis Ababa|Addis Abeba]] . O golliima kadi e nder departemaaji keewɗi e nder Ministeer geɗe caggal leydi e nder leydi Najeriya kadi o wonii Direkteer, Fedde Adunaare e Direkteeruuji Gollondiral Faggudu Mutilated, ɗo o yuɓɓini Delegaasiyoŋaaji laawɗuɗi Najeriya to Asamblee Mawnde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e batuuji Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe goɗɗe. E lewru mee 2004, o toɗɗaa ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to [[Ecoppi]] e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii [[Olusegun Obasanjo|, hono Olusegun Obasanjo,]] tawi omo joginoo heen seedantaagal to [[Jibuuti|Jibuti]] ; e kadi wonde Wakiiliijo Duumotooɗo to AU e UNECA. Ko o Ambasadeer, o wakiili Naajeeriya nder hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ɗi Dental Afrik, nden boo nder kawtalji mawɗi ɗi Komitiiru Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik e hukuumaaji lesdi feere feere. O ardii batuuji kawtal jam e kisal AU nder limngal limngal kala nde Naajeeriya heɓi hooreejo kawtal ngal. O woniino binndoowo tedduɗo e nder Diiso toppitiingo ko fayti e njulaagu, o woniino kadi hooreejo binndoowo to batu hooreeɓe laamuuji Commonwealth (CHOGM) to Abuja e hitaande 2003. Caggal nde o woppi golle dipolomaasi, o naati e Duɗal Kisal ( E Abadiso the Abadispia Studi ). Wakiiliijo diiwaan oo e jaagorgal mawngal, kam e jiiloowo Dental Afrik e [[UNESCO]] ko fayti e politik eggugol e neɗɗankaagal Afrik e porogaraam pinal jam. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">ciimtol ina haani</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Golle makko caggal nde o woppi golle ina jeyaa heen golloraade e nder PNUD e ECA (Addis) hono jiiloowo ƴellitaare e ƴellitgol luural, e jooni kadi ko o CEO GUNSA Africa Konsult e kadi cukko hooreejo ngenndi 2ɓo, e nder fedde karallaagal – Fedde Ammbasadeeruuji Gollorɗe Retireede leydi Nijeer ( Association des Ambassadeurs de Carrières Retirées de Nijeer). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">ciimtol ina haani</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Olusegun ko debbo jom suudu Kiristaana Ajibike. Kanko e jom suudu makko ɓe ndarnaama Otunba e Yeye Olumodan mo Ijebu ñalnde 7 feebariyee 2009 e HRM Alaiyelua OBA SK Adetona, CFR, Awujale e laamɗo mawɗo mo Ijebu dañde mo appellaton timmuɗo mo Otunba (Amb) Olusegun Ijebu (Amb) Olusegun Ijebu (Amb) Olusegun Olumodan mo Okinsana. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 3fvskn33dhbua3ud842nqql9ke06o5j 177182 177181 2026-06-29T09:50:15Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Olusegun Akinsanya, mni''' (jibinaa ko 14 sulyee 1946) ko dipolomaat Najeriya e dowla, o woniino ammbasadeer Najeriya to [[Ecoppi]] e [[Jibuuti]] tuggi 2004 haa 2007 e Wakiiliijo Duumotooɗo to Dental Afrik e Dental Afrik2 2010. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Olusegun jibinaa ko e hitaande 1946 e nder galle Obileye mo Odo-Egbo, e Akinsanya mo galleeji Iyanro to Ijebu-Ode . O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Egbado hakkunde 1960 e 1965 e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Adeola Odutola hakkunde 1966 e 1967. Caggal ɗuum o yahi to [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]] ngam janngude ganndal politik, ɗo o heɓi ɗoon seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1972 (PASCA), to Lahore, e dipolomaaji master e jaŋde politik e peeje to Duɗal ngenndiwal jaŋde politik e peeje, Kuru (NIPSS), Nijeer kam e Dipolomaaji e ɗemngal Farayse to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Dakar, [[Senegaal]] . == Kugal == Ko adii nde o naatata e golle dipolomaasi, Olusegun Akinsanya golliima e Banki mawɗo leydi Najeriya hakkunde hitaande 1968 e 1969, e Diisnondiral wuro Lagos. Naatgol makko e golle dipolomasi fuɗɗii ko e Ministeer Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (Niiseer) e hitaande 1972, ɗo o gollinoo e Departemaa Afrik. Caggal ɗuum o waɗtaa hooreejo Chancery to Ammbasadeer Najeriya to [[Santarafirik|leydi Afrik hakkundeejo]], ɗo o golli haa hitaande 1977. E hitaande 1978, o toɗɗaa Konseyeer e hooreejo Chancery to Ammbasadeer Naajeeriya to [[Senegaal]], caggal ɗuum o neldaa to Mission Permanent Nijeer to Geneva . Ko adii nde o toɗɗaa ammbasadeer, o golliima e nder dipolomaasi leydi Nijeer to Bangui, Dakar, Geneve, [[London|Londres]], [[Moscow]] e [[Adis Ababa|Addis Abeba]] . O golliima kadi e nder departemaaji keewɗi e nder Ministeer geɗe caggal leydi e nder leydi Najeriya kadi o wonii Direkteer, Fedde Adunaare e Direkteeruuji Gollondiral Faggudu Mutilated, ɗo o yuɓɓini Delegaasiyoŋaaji laawɗuɗi Najeriya to Asamblee Mawnde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e batuuji Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe goɗɗe. E lewru mee 2004, o toɗɗaa ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to [[Ecoppi]] e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii [[Olusegun Obasanjo|, hono Olusegun Obasanjo,]] tawi omo joginoo heen seedantaagal to [[Jibuuti|Jibuti]] ; e kadi wonde Wakiiliijo Duumotooɗo to AU e UNECA. Ko o Ambasadeer, o wakiili Naajeeriya nder hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ɗi Dental Afrik, nden boo nder kawtalji mawɗi ɗi Komitiiru Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik e hukuumaaji lesdi feere feere. O ardii batuuji kawtal jam e kisal AU nder limngal limngal kala nde Naajeeriya heɓi hooreejo kawtal ngal. O woniino binndoowo tedduɗo e nder Diiso toppitiingo ko fayti e njulaagu, o woniino kadi hooreejo binndoowo to batu hooreeɓe laamuuji Commonwealth (CHOGM) to Abuja e hitaande 2003. Caggal nde o woppi golle dipolomaasi, o naati e Duɗal Kisal ( E Abadiso the Abadispia Studi ). Wakiiliijo diiwaan oo e jaagorgal mawngal, kam e jiiloowo Dental Afrik e [[UNESCO]] ko fayti e politik eggugol e neɗɗankaagal Afrik e porogaraam pinal jam. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">ciimtol ina haani</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Golle makko caggal nde o woppi golle ina jeyaa heen golloraade e nder PNUD e ECA (Addis) hono jiiloowo ƴellitaare e ƴellitgol luural, e jooni kadi ko o CEO GUNSA Africa Konsult e kadi cukko hooreejo ngenndi 2ɓo, e nder fedde karallaagal – Fedde Ammbasadeeruuji Gollorɗe Retireede leydi Nijeer ( Association des Ambassadeurs de Carrières Retirées de Nijeer). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">ciimtol ina haani</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Olusegun ko debbo jom suudu Kiristaana Ajibike. Kanko e jom suudu makko ɓe ndarnaama Otunba e Yeye Olumodan mo Ijebu ñalnde 7 feebariyee 2009 e HRM Alaiyelua OBA SK Adetona, CFR, Awujale e laamɗo mawɗo mo Ijebu dañde mo appellaton timmuɗo mo Otunba (Amb) Olusegun Ijebu (Amb) Olusegun Ijebu (Amb) Olusegun Olumodan mo Okinsana. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] kojmcyw97huko985tslo6epz0ltz4yt 0 28268 177095 102693 2026-06-28T15:42:31Z MOIBARDE 10068 Add references 177095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Alhaji waziri Kolo Ibraahim''' (26 feebariyee 1926 – 1992) wonnoo ko neɗɗo njulaagu wuro Kanuri jeyaaɗo e diiwaan Borno, Nijeer, laamɗo dawrugol mawɓe e lannda mum e nder leydi ndi Secondo ɗiɗaɓere.<ref>Anyaegbunam, N. (1992). Waziri Ibrahim: Politics without bitterness. Lagos, Nigeria: Daily Times of Nigeria, p37</ref> O jeyaa ko e sosɓe e kaalisuuji asliiji ɗi lannda yimɓe leydi [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Najeriya]], kono e hitaande 1978, o acci lannda kaa ngam sosde lannda leñol [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] Mawɗo (GNP). Ko o kanndidaa GNPP, o heɓi fotde 10% e woote ngenndiije e nder wooteeji leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] hitaande 1979. (26 feebariyee 1926 – 1992) wonnoo ko neɗɗo njulaagu wuro Kanuri jeyaaɗo e diiwaan Borno, Nijeer, laamɗo dawrugol mawɓe e lannda mum e nder leydi ndi Secondo ɗiɗaɓere. O jeyaa ko e sosɓe e kaalisuuji asliiji ɗi lannda yimɓe leydi [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Najeriya]], kono e hitaande 1978, o acci lannda kaa ngam sosde lannda leñol [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Najeriya]] Mawɗo (GNP). Ko o kanndidaa GNPP, o heɓi fotde 10% e woote ngenndiije e nder wooteeji leydi Najeriya hitaande 1979.<ref>[http://www.binghamton.edu/cdp/era/elections/nig79pres.html Election Results Archive, Center on Democratic Performance], State University of New York Binghamton. Political Handbook of the World 1980, Binghamton, NY: CSA Publications, 1980.</ref> == Nguurndam adanɗam == Ibraahiima jibinaama ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1926 to Yerwa, hono [[Maiduguri]]. Baaba makko, hono Baba Alhaji Ibraahim Ibnu Mohamed ko ganndo lislaam; o inniri suka jibinaaɗo keso oo caggal gondi e musiɗɗo gooto tawi noon ko Waziri mo Borno. Sukaako Waziri ko to [[Damaturu]] ɗo baaba makko wonnoo ko limaam juulirde nokkuure. O naati e duɗal leslesal [[Damaturu]] (1936–1939), caggal ɗuum wiɗtooji to duɗal hakkundeewal [[Maiduguri]] (1940–1943) caggal ɗuum duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]], 1944–1947. To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]], o woniino sehil jannginoowo porfeseer Umaru Shehu ; hade makko timminde jaŋde makko, ko yiɗde mawɗo jaŋde Borno, [[Kashim Ibrahim]] wonde Waziri ina foti naatde e sarwiis janngingol caggal nde o heɓi bak makko. Kono Waziri yahdaani e heblo caggal nde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna kadi o jannginaani ; e oon sahaa o suɓii ko gollodaade e U.A.C. ko o gardiiɗo jannginoowo e hitaande 1948. E nder fedde nde, o ummii e raneeɓe clirik e njuɓɓudi laamu gila e waɗde kaalis e desorɗe to U.A.C.'s, [[Maiduguri]] caltal [[Maiduguri]] e hitaande 1951. O golliima e [[Jos]] e hitaande 1952 hade makko wonde golloowo e gollotooɓe e diiwaan Benue e hitaande 1953. Nde o yalti e fedde nde, o woniino gardiiɗo diiwaan [[Kaduna]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Aluko|first=S. A.|date=1965|title=How Many Nigerians? An Analysis of Nigeria's Census Problems, 1901-63|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=3|issue=3|pages=371–392|issn=0022-278X|jstor=159549|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00006170}}</ref> == Golle politik e njulaagu == To bannge politik, Waziri ko tergal NEPU e fuɗɗoode ; o yuɓɓini catal Damaturu fedde nde e hitaande 1950, o woni hooreejo catal ngal e hitaande 1951. Kono, e nder yontere yawtunde nde, Waziri naati e NPC, o toɗɗaa jaagorgal cellal leydi ndii e hitaande 1958.<ref>Forrest, T. (1994). The advance of African capital: The growth of Nigerian private enterprise. Charlottesville: Univ. Press of Virginiap260.</ref> E hitaande 1960, o jeyaa ko e delegaasiyoŋ leydi Nijeer hono me9 njuɓɓudi ndii. E hitaande 1962, nde o woni jaagorgal ƴellitaare faggudu, o rokki Parlemaa leydi Nijeer bidsee (bidsee) njulaagu kapitaal (kapitaal) e nder duuɓi jeegom, tuugiiɗo e ɓeydagol 4% hitaande kala e nder PIB e waɗde heen jawdi e nder eɓɓooji peewtuɗi ngam ƴellitde ƴellitaare. Ina jeyaa e peeje mawɗe bidsee oo, ƴellitgol baraas Kainji. Kono tan, ko ina wona feccere e ngalu nguu ina foti heɓeede e ballal caggal leydi. E hitaande 1962, leydi [[Naajeeriya]] waɗii binnditagol ngol ardiiɓe politik diiwaan Fuɗnaange e Hirnaange njaɓaani biro binnditagol ngol wonnoo ko e les ministeer Waziri. Tuumeede limngal ɓurngal heewde waɗii banngeeji kala, Waziri ina tuuma diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo ina ɓeyda limngal yimɓe tawi ardiiɓe fuɗnaange ɓee ina mbiya limngal hoore Fuɗnaange ngal ina ɓeydoo heewde. Luural ngal limgol hoore ndee jibini ngol addani njeñtudi binnditagol ngol woppude, tee limooje laawɗuɗe ɗee meeɗaa jaɓeede e yeeso yimɓe.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Joseph|first=Richard A.|date=1981|title=The Ethnic Trap: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79|journal=Issue: A Journal of Opinion|volume=11|issue=1/2|pages=17–23|doi=10.2307/1166229|jstor=1166229}}</ref> Caggal kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1966, Waziri naati e njulaagu keeriiɗo. E nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele [[Naajeeriya]], o naatii e njulaagu kaɓirɗe e konsulteeruuji caggal ɗuum, o sosi fedde konsulteeruuji defense.<ref>Falola, T., & Genova, A. (2009). Historical dictionary of Nigeria. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. p160</ref> Waziri sosi fedde sosiyeteeji e innde sosiyetee Herwa tawi ina jeyaa heen sosiyetee njulaagu tinndinooje to [[Jos]] e njulaagu saabunde e farin to [[Maiduguri]]. O udditi safrirde Herwa to wuro Kano, fotde miliyoŋaaji 5 naira. O naati nder kuugal liɗɗi ɓaawo o soodi kuugal liɗɗi Stephen Tolbert nden o ɓeydi heen, o nastini liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi e innde kuugal ''Nigeria Cold Stores'' E hitaande 1978, Waziri naati politik kadi ; o sosi NPP e terɗe Club 19 e Conseil d’Unité Nationale. Kono luural ummii hakkunde Waziri e won e terɗe lannda ka ɓe ɓuri heewde ko almuɓɓe Azikiwe ko wayi no Adeniran Ogunsanya. Ardiiɓe Club 19 e Conseil pour l'Unité Nationale njaɓaani yiɗde Ibraahiima wonde hooreejo lannda ka e kanndidaa mum to bannge laamu. Feere ndee ɓeydii luggiɗde caggal batu gadano lannda kaa e hitaande 1978, caggal ɗuum addani mo yaltude lannda kaa. Ndeen o sosi Lannda Yimɓe Nijeer mawka. O woniino kanndidaa hooreejo leydi mo dañaani nafoore e woote 1979, kono omo yiɗaa e nder baasi Kanuri. Lannda makko heɓiino woote guwerneeruuji to Borno ɗo Kanuri en mbaɗi ko ɓuri heewde, e kadi diiwaan Gongola ɓadiiɗo. == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Dewgal Waziri gadanal ko debbo aarabe Shuwa, biyeteeɗo Fatime ; caggal ɗuum o resi rewɓe ɗiɗo woɗɓe, gadiiɗo oo ko Faatima, ɓiy Kashim Ibraahiima.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iwei-ng.org/advisory-board/|title=Advisory Board {{!}} Isa Wali Empowerment Initiative|website=iwei-ng.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-11|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612145333/http://iwei-ng.org/advisory-board/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kanko woni baaba mum [[Khadija Bukar Abba Ibrahim|Khadiija Bukar Abba]] Ibraahiima. == Himobe == l8smzdlv3xdm0cs895egrzdvxsxwgmz 0 34467 177101 145336 2026-06-28T20:02:49Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Mani Mallam Mummuni''' ListenR(jibinaama 14 abriil 1961) woni siyaasaajo lesdi [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Naajeeriya]], o laati cukko guwerneer lesdi [[Zamfara]] diga hitaande 2023. O suɓaama cukko guwerneer bee guwerneer Dauda Lawal wakkati suɓol guwerneer 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|last=TVCNews|date=2023-03-21|title=INEC Declares Dauda Lawal of PDP As Winner in Zamfara|url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/inec-declares-dauda-lawal-of-pdp-as-winner-in-zamfara/|access-date=2025-11-25|website=Trending News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=It’s Official: PDP’s Dauda Lawal wins Zamfara, defeats Governor Matawalle|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/589327-its-official-pdps-dauda-lawal-wins-zamfara-defeats-governor-matawalle.html?tztc=1|access-date=2025-11-25|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Lawal Sworn in as Zamfara Gov|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2023/05/29/lawal-sworn-in-as-zamfara-gov/|access-date=2025-11-25|language=en-US|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref> Gila nde o arti e laamu, peeje ƴettaa ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende kisal.Eɓɓaaɗe e ballal kadi ina mbaɗee ngam haɓaade baasal. O tawtoraama batu 5ɓo diiso doosɗe to suudu diiso, galle laamu [[Gusau]]. == Himobe == <references /> f1zphl3a9pf8ia2s8j4jwf0lcl9r5qc 0 42280 177094 177090 2026-06-28T15:33:32Z MOIBARDE 10068 add images , links and references 177094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe'''GCFR PC (HeɗtoR; 16 noowammbar 1904 – 11 [[lewru]] mee 1996),<ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe {{!}} president of Nigeria|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|access-date=2022-03-26|website=[[Britannica]]|language=en}}</ref> ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya ko '''Zik mo Afrik''', ko o dawriyanke, laamuyanke, e hooreejo leydi Nijeer, o woniino hooreejo leydi Nijeer gadano gila e hitaande 1960 haa e hitaande 1960 (1963-1966).<ref>{{Cite news|last=French|first=Howard W.|date=1996-05-14|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> O ɗon laara no baaba lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nden bo o ɗon nder ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 1960.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-10-01|title=Heroes of the struggle for Nigeria's independence/pioneer political|url=https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-05-24|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=On this day in 1904 Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe, was born in Zungeru, Niger State, North-Central Nigeria|url=http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|date=2017-11-16|website=[[Jay FM]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805081611/http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Crowcroft|first=Barnaby|title=The Radical Nationalist as Constitutional Head of State: Nigeria, 1960–66|date=2020|work=Viceregalism: The Crown as Head of State in Political Crises in the Postwar Commonwealth|pages=179–202|editor-last=Kumarasingham|editor-first=H.|series=Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-46283-3_7|isbn=978-3-030-46283-3|s2cid=226564363}}</ref> Azikiwe jibinaa ko [[Zungeru]] e nder [[Diiwal Niger|diiwaan Niger]] hannde oo, jibnaaɓe [[Igbo]] en ummoriiɓe [[Onitsha]], [[Diiwal Anambra|diiwaan Anambra]], Azikiwe janngi ɗemngal Hausa ngal woni ɗemngal ɓurngal mawnude e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange. Caggal mum o neldaa hoɗde e neene makko e neene makko to wuro makko [[Onitsha]], ɗo o janngi ɗemngal [[Igbo]].<ref>{{Citation|last=chuku|first=gloria|title=Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi|year=2011|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-0239|work=Dictionary of African Biography|access-date=2023-12-13|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.013.0239|doi-broken-date=1 July 2025|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}}</ref> Jooɗnde haa lesdi [[Lagos]] hokki mo jannguki ɗemngal [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], nden wakkati o ɗonno haa janngirde mawnde, o anndi finaa-tawaa [[Naajeeriya]] feere-feere, nden o wolwi ɗemɗe tati mawɗe [[Naajeeriya]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Aguolu|first1=C. C.|last2=Aguolu|first2=L. E.|date=1997|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, First President of Nigeria: A Force in Library Development in Nigeria|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199|journal=World Libraries|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|issn=2155-7896}}</ref> Azikiwe ina yahra no feewi. O ummii ko [[Amerik]] ɗo o inniraa '''Ben Azikiwe''', o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard. O jokkondiri e laamuuji koloñaal e ɗaɓɓaande ngam wallitde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e nder Olimpiyaaji Los Angeles 1932 nde tawnoo ko kanko kadi woni atletee.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/03086539908583061|title='Managing nationalism': The colonial office and Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1932–43|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=143–158|year=1999|last=Flint|first=John E.}}</ref> O arti [[Afrik]] ko e hitaande 1934, o fuɗɗii golle jaayndiyankaagal to Cote d’Or ([[Gana]] hannde oo). E nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange Biritaan, Azikiwe ina daranii wonde daraniiɗo politik e jaayndiyanke, ngam ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e [[Afrik]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Azikiwe fights for Africa|date=7 January 1950|work=New York Amsterdam News}}</ref> ==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol== '''Sukaaɓe''' : '''jaŋde e mbaydi ƴeew tiitoonde''' Kartal pelle ɗemɗe [[Naajeeriya]]: Azikiwe jibinaa ko e diiwaan Fuɗnaange e nder leydi ndi. Leydi taaniraaɓe makko, [[Onitsha]], woni ko e bannge Fuɗnaange-rewo ngenndi ndii.) Azikiwe jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1904 to [[Zungeru]], to Fuɗnaange Nijeer. Innde makko adannde, "Nnamdi", nde jibnaaɓe makko ndokki mo ko innde [[Igbo Eze South|Igbo]] nde firti ko "baaba am ina wuuri". Baaba makko, Obed-Edom Chukwuemeka Azikiwe, jeyaaɗo to [[Onitsha]], ko o binndoowo e nder laamu Angalteer to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Thomas A. Johnson|date=1972-09-14|title=Nigerian Urges Uses of the Past|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/09/14/archives/nigerian-urges-uses-of-the-past-says-colonialism-left-some-things.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Yumma makko Rachel Chinwe Ogbenyeanu Azikiwe (jibinaa ko Aghadiuno), mo sahaa e sahaa fof ina wiyee « Nwanonaku »<ref>{{cite book|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: My Odyssey|chapter=I: My Genealogy and Nativity|publisher=Spectrum Books|date=1970|page=4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of NNamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-06|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}</ref>, ko ɓiɗɗo debbo tataɓo Aghadiuno Ajie<ref name="PT">{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}</ref>, iwdi galle laamɗo to Onitsha; mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Ugogwu Anazenwu, ko Obi [[Onitsha]].<ref name="PT2">{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}</ref> Azikiwe ina joginoo miñi mum gooto, miñi mum debbo, ina wiyee Cecilia Eziamaka Arinze.<ref name="PT3">{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}</ref> Nde o woni suka, Azikiwe ina haalda ɗemngal [[Hausa language|Hausa]], ɗemngal diiwaan oo.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, first president of Nigeria: A force in Library development in Nigeria.|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199/154|last=Aguolu and Aguolu|first=C.C and L.E|date=1997|journal=World Libraries|volume=7|issue=2|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> Baaba makko, ina wondi e sunaare e 6icfcfo makko e 6amtaare [[Hausa language|Hausa]] wonaa [[Igbo]], neli mo to [[Onitsha]] e hitaande 1912 ngam hocfde e neene makko e neene makko ngam janngude 6emngal e pinal [[Igbo]].<ref name="Oha">{{cite web|last1=Oha|first1=Obododimma|title=Heroes of knowledge versus dragons of ignorance: language, identity construction, and intertextuality in Nnamdi Azikiwe's "My Odyssey"|url=http://motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/MP2303oo.html|website=motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/|access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref> To [[Onitsha]], Azikiwe janngi Duɗal Trinity Seniiɗo (duɗal misiyoŋaaji katolik en) e Duɗal Eklesiya Almasiihu (duɗal leslesal Angalteer).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Accord concodiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (2)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concodiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-2/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2016-12-14|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> E hitaande 1914, nde baaba makko ina gollina to Lagos, Azikiwe yani e puccu ; ɗum addani baaba makko kulɓiniiɗo neldude mo to [[Lagos]], mbele omo sella, omo jokka jaŋde e nder wuro ngo.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Ndeen o naati duɗal sukaaɓe Wesleyan, anndiraangal hannde duɗal sukaaɓe ''Methodist'', [[Lagos]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=history – MGHS|url=https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004232208/https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baaba makko neldaama [[Kaduna]] duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Azikiwe jooɗii seeɗa e banndiiko gooto resnduɗo juulɗo ummoriiɗo [[Siyeraa Leyoon]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1918, o arti [[Onitsha]], o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal hakkundeewal CMS.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-05-09|title=Benjamin Nnamdi "Zik" Azikiwe (1904–1996)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/azikiwe-benjamin-nnamdi-zik-1904-1996/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US}}</ref> Azikiwe ndeen golliima e duɗal ngal ko almuudo-jannginoowo,{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} ina wallita yumma mum e ngalu mum.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1920, baaba makko artiraa to Protectorat Sud Nigeria, to wuro [[Calabar]]. Azikiwe hawri e baaba mum to [[Calabar]], o fuɗɗii jaŋde toownde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref> O naati e janngirɗe Marcus Garvey,<ref name="Timesdigit">{{cite news|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|work=The Times|location=London, England|date=14 May 1996|page=19}}</ref> Garveyism, ɗe ngonti huunde himmunde e haala makko ngenndiyaŋkaagal. [[File:Azikiwe with parents.png|thumb|Azikiwe e jibnaaɓe mum, c. Kitaale 1910]] Caggal nde o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell,<ref name="Yearbook1962">{{cite book|title=Nigeria Year Book 1962|publisher=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|year=1962|pages=112}}</ref> Azikiwe artiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Methodist, to [[Lagos]], o seerti e wondiiɓe makko ummoriiɓe e galleeji ɓooyɗi Lagos ko wayi no George Shyngle, Francis Cole e Ade Williams (ɓiy [[Akarigbo mo Remo|Akarigbo Remo]]). Ɗee jokkondiral naftorii caggal ɗuum e golle makko politik to [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley ''Boys'' o ɓuri waawde jaŋde makko, o rokki deftere ina wiyee « gila e Log Cabin haa e galle ''White House'' », ko ɗum woni nguurndam [[James A. Garfield]], gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi [[Amerik]], umminooɗo e huɗo haa e moƴƴere. Deftere ndee ina addana mo pellital heɓde nafoore e nguurndam. Azikiwe nanii yeewtere [[James Aggrey]], jannginoowo mo miijii wonde Afriknaaɓe ina poti heɓde jaŋde kolees caggal leydi, ɓe ngarta e waɗde waylo.<ref>{{cite news|author=Esele, Amos|date=21 November 1994|title=Ninety hearty cheers!|work=The Week|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref> Caggal nde yeewtere ndee joofi, Aggrey rokki suka Azikiwe doggol duɗe jaɓɓotooɗe almudɓe ɓaleeɓe to [[Amerik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri golle koloñaal, o jaɓaa wonde binndoowo to departemaa kaalis. Wakkati maako nder kuugal koloñaal, holli mo limngal njiyaagu nder laamu koloñaal.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=69}} Suɓaade Azikiwe janngude to Amerik e nokku Angalteer, ko batte Doktoor James Kwegyr Aggrey, nguurndam hooreejo leydi A. Garfield e Abraham Lincoln, Pan-Afriknism Marcus Garvey e woodgol ballal wonande almudɓe waasɓe, tawi alaa ko heɓaa e Angalteer. E pellital yahde caggal leydi ngam ɓeydaade jaŋde, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to U.S. O jaɓaa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer College, tawi ko e dow ballal makko e yiytude laawol feewde [[Amerik]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Commencement address at Storer delivered by African alumnus|date=14 June 1947|work=New Journal and Guide}}</ref> Ngam yettaade [[Amerik]], o jokkondiri e laana ndiwoowa, o waɗi e makko nanondiral ngam wonde stowaway.<ref name="theworldnews.net">{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kono gooto e sehilaaɓe makko wonnooɓe e laana kaa rafi, ɓe wasiyii yo ɓe njippo e Sekondi. To leydi [[Gana]], Azikiwe golliima ko polis ; yumma makko yilliima, o wiyi mo yo o hoot leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. O arti, baaba makko jaɓi wallitde mo yahde [[Amerik]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Heroes of the Past – Nnamdi Azikiwe – Everything But Coffee|url=https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805024303/https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Azikiwe janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harpers Ferry, to Virginie worgo. Ngam yoɓde nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko, o golliima golle keewɗe ɗe ngalaa nafoore hade makko winnditaade to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard to Washington, D.C. e hitaande 1927 ngam heɓde dipolomaaji makko e ganndal politik. E hitaande 1929, o ummii duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard o fayi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln ngam timminde jaŋde makko leslesre, o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko BA e ganndal politik e hitaande 1930.<ref name="Crisis-Jan1966">{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}</ref><ref name="OnlineNigeria">{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/people/ad.asp?blurb=66|title=Biography of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|access-date=2007-09-05|work=[www.onlinenigeria.com]}}</ref> Azikwe ƴettii kursuuji e Alain Locke.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Getachew|first=Adom|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv3znwvg|title=Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination|date=2019|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-17915-5|pages=7|doi=10.2307/j.ctv3znwvg|jstor=j.ctv3znwvg}}</ref> Azikiwe wonnoo ko tergal e fedde nde.<ref>{{cite web|title=Politics and Leadership|url=http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502181928/http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2007|website=Phi Beta Sigma|access-date=7 November 2018}}</ref> Ndeen o naatii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln to Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e sahaa gooto e hitaande 1930, o heɓi dipoloma makko ko fayti e diine e filosofi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e hitaande 1932, o heɓi kadi dipoloma makko ko fayti e anthropologie to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e hitaande 1933<ref name="UPenn">{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|title=Alumni, Faculty, and Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania Who Have Served as Heads of State or Government|access-date=2007-09-05|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania|University Archives and Records Center University of Pennsylvania]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205032053/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|archive-date=5 February 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/zik.asp|title=Nigeria – Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|website=www.onlinenigeria.com}}</ref>. Azikiwe wonti jannginoowo dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, ɗo o sosi janngirde daartol [[Afrik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=41}} O woniino kanndidaa ngam heɓde dipolomaaji doktoraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] hade makko hootde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e hitaande 1934.<ref>{{cite news|title=Azikiwe May Accept Position in Liberia|date=21 July 1934|work=The New York Amsterdam News}}</ref> Wiɗtooji doktoraa Azikiwe ɗii ɓuri teeŋtude ko e Liberiya e nder politik winndere, e binndol makko ngol A. H. Stockwell yaltini e hitaande 1934. E nder sahaa mo o woni to [[Amerik]], o woniino winndiyanke to jaaynde Afro-Ameriknaare Baltimore, to Philadelphia Tribune e to jaaynde Associated Negro Press.<ref>{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Azikiwe ina joginoo miijooji jaayndeeji [[Afrik]]-[[Amerik]], Garveyism e Pan-Afriknaaɓe.<ref>{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}</ref> === Feddeeji e renndooji === Fedde sukaaɓe worɓe kerecee en, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27) Cub hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928) Fedde binndol Stylus to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1923) Fedde hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] (1930-32) Fedde nguurndam, Duɗal Anthropoloji Laamu (1933) Fedde nguurndam, fedde faggudu laamɗo (1934) Tergal nguurndam, Fedde Angalteer ngam ɓamtaare ganndal (1947) Fedde Ameriknaare ngam sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele (1933–34) Fedde Annduɓe Anthropoloji Amerka (1932-1934) Fedde ganndal siyaas Amerik (1933-34) Fedde Annduɓe Leƴƴi Amerka (1933-34) Koolol ganndal siwil to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1934)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anike|url=http://repository.unizik.edu.ng/bitstream/123456789/429/1/master%2C%2BAnike.pdf|website=repository.unizik.edu.ng}}</ref> [[File:Azikiwe playing American Football, Storer College, 1926.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe ina fija fuku [[Amerik]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926)]] == Golle atletik == E fuɗɗoode golle makko, Azikiwe ina yahra e boks, atletik, njulaagu, fuku koyɗe e tennis.<ref name="Crisis-Jan19662">{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}</ref> Football ko Biritaan en ngaddi ɗum e leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] nde ɓe koloni [[Afrik]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://nnu.ng/post/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|website=Nigeria News Update.|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> Kono kala ligues sosaaɗe, ko ɗe ceerndaaɗe. Nnamdi yi'i ɗum bana tooñannge nden o wurti bee hooreejo to bannge fijirle jokkirgol e siyaasaaku haa timmoode jamaanu koloñaal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sports and the Modernity of Leisure in Nigeria: Stadium Space and the Symbolisms of Expressions, 1930–1980|url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/61376/OBASA-DISSERTATION-2015.pdf?sequence=1|last=Olusegun|first=Obasa|date=2015|website=repositories.lib.utexas.edu}}</ref> E hitaande 1934, Zik haɗaama tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu leydi Nijeer jaɓaaka tawtoreede. Ɗum waɗii sahaa goɗɗo sabu iwdi makko Igbo, Zik fellitii wonde ina heddi, o yiɗi sosde fedde makko. Nnamdi sosi fedde Zik's ''Athletic Club'' (ZAC) nde udditanta dame mum ngam fijirde worɓe e rewɓe kala leƴƴi, leƴƴi, leƴƴi, e kala fannuuji leydi [[Naajeeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nationalist Period|url=http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|website=Sports and Politics in British West/Central Africa|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805025704/http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> E hitaande 1942, fedde nde yahi haa heɓi Ligue [[Lagos]] e Kop ''Memorial War''. Caggal ɗeen nafooje, Nnamdi udditi caɗeele ZAC goɗɗe e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] fof. E nder duuɓi wolde ZAC ina yaha njilluuji.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe Facts|url=https://biography.yourdictionary.com/nnamdi-azikiwe|website=biography.yourdictionary.com|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> ''Matchs'' ZAC ɗon waɗa nder lesdi ndi'i fuu, nden ɗum waɗi yimɓe [[Naajeeriya]] ɗon mari haaje kawtal e lesdi ndi'i ngam wallugo ɓe haɓugo ndimu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Establishment and the Achievements of the National Sports Commission in Nigeria|url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=osu1487093435463141&disposition=inline|last=Abioye|first=Joseph Adegboyega|date=1980|website=etd.ohiolink.edu}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> E hitaande 1949, won e fukuyaŋkooɓe ZAC tawtoraama njillu to Angalteer. E gartugol maɓɓe e njillu ngu ɓe njooɗii to Freetown, Siyeraa Leyoon, e leydi Najeriya fooli yimɓe nokku oo e golle 2. Ndee nasaraaku ko ɓuri duuɓi sappo ko adii jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya]], kono ko nde jibinannde kippu ngenndiijo leydi [[Naajeeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerians Love For Football; is it too much?|url=https://soccernet.ng/2015/03/nigerians-love-for-football-is-it-too.html|date=2015-03-23|website=Soccernet.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> E joofnirde, caggal duuɓi hare, e hitaande 1959, jaagorde Angalteer cakkitiinde yalti NFA, ñalnde 22 ut 1960, jonte seeɗa ko adii jeytaare mum, [[Naajeeriya]] naati e fedde fuku koyɗe winndereere wiyeteende FIFA.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pictures & Documents: FIFA at 114, How Nigeria Became a Member|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|date=2018-05-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175655/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|url-status=dead}}</ref>Hay heen gootal waawaano wonde so wonaano Nnamdi Azikiwe. O hawti [[Naajeeriya]] bee fijirde nden o waddi hakkilo lesdi ndi'i wi'eteeɗum 'Nigerian-ness'. === Jaambaraagal dingiral === Sosɗo, ZiKs ''Athletic Club'' (e MRB. Oltun) ngam ɓamtugo fijooji, boksi, kirikit, njuulu e tennis nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]]. Gooliiɗo e yeeso, duɗal sukaaɓe metodist, [[Lagos]] (1921) Jaagorgal, Diwgol toowngol, M.B.H.S, e Jaagorgal, Ñalngu Laamu (1921) Jaagorɗo, tedduɗo, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27) Jaagorgal & Medaal kaŋŋe, Diwgol toowngol, Pijirlooji hakkunde duɗe HU (1926); Medaal kaŋŋe, doggol leydi, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, e diwgol toowngol, kawgel kaalis to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926) Medaal, Pentatlon, kawgel kolees Storer (1925) Kapiteen, fedde janngirde Storer (1927) Medaal kaŋŋe, taƴoowo leydi, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1921) Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, maraton Laurel-Baltimore (1927) Jaagorɗo, dogdu ɓaleeru, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928) Kapiteen gooto, fedde fuku koyɗe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1930) Doggol kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel ɗiɗmel hakkunde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cheyney (1930) Medaal kaalis, doggudu kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel hakkunde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hampton Virginia (1931) Jaaliiɗo toɓɓere, dogdu Baltimore (1929, 1930) Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, dogdu Richmond (1931) Toɓɓere Dowla, A.A.U. Kaɓirɗe hakkunde leyɗeele (1932) Medaal kaŋŋe, dogdu 1 000 yard, Pijirlooji Kaledoni to Brooklyn, New York (1932) Medaal kaŋŋe, Doggol Kilomeeteer gooto, e Doggol Kilomeeteer tati, Y MC.A. Pijirlooji, New York (1932) Koppi kaalis, dogdu feccere kiloomeeteer, e keɓɗo kopporeeje kaalis e nder dogdu kiloomeeteer gooto, kawgel ñalngu ladde Demokaraasi, New Haven, Connecticut (1933) Ɗiɗaɓo (e G.K Dorgu), kawgel tennis worɓe ɗiɗo Lagos, diɗɗal B (1938) Nafooje (gorko Anchor), Kippu ZAC e nder kawgel njulaagu [[Lagos]] (1939) Nasti ngam daranaago lesdi Naajeeriya nder fijirde Half-Mile e One Mile Run nder fijirde laamu lesdi Biritaniya nder hitaande 1934, ammaa A.A.A lesdi Biritaniya sali mo ngam 'daliilu karallaaku'. (Ngolɗoo jaɓgol addani mo winndude ɓataake lolluɗo, o woppi innde makko e ɗemngal Engele, hono Benjamin) === Tergal === Fedde fuku koyɗe Diamant (1922-24) Fedde fijooji Merkiir to New York (1932-34) Kaɓirgal tennis to Akra (1935-1937) Patron, fedde fijirde Zik (gila 1956) Hooreejo, Fedde Kirikit [[Naajeeriya]] (1940–44) Hooreejo, Fedde Njulaagu [[Naajeeriya]] (1938–41) Cukko hooreejo, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e boksi leydi Nijeer (gila 1949) Hooreejo fedde fuku koyɗe diiwaan [[Lagos]] (1951-1954) Hooreejo, Fedde Fijooji Amateur [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1952) Hooreejo, Fedde ''Tennis'' Tabal [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1953) Cukko Patron e tergal Goomu, Goomu Olimpiyaade Nijeer, e Fedde Pijirlooji Laamu Biritaan e ''Commonwealth'' (gila 1951) <ref>Alegi, Peter (2010). African Soccerscapes: How a Continent Changed the World's Game. Ohio University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-89680-278-0}}.</ref> ​<ref>{{Cite web|title=Before Joining FIFA and CAF; Nigeria FA was Affiliated to the FA in England|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|date=2018-08-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804235509/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/nnamdi-azikiwe/|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: How do We Remember Nigeria's First President? – HistoryVille|date=16 November 2022}}</ref> == Golle binndol == === Jaaynde jaayndeyaagal e tafngo === Rewɓe ɓee ndaranii yoɓde njoɓdi Angalteer e hitaande 1929, ko ɗum seedtini warngooji keewɗi e nder Opobo, tawi ko soldateeɓe Angalteer ardii ɗum en e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange. Azikiwe, nde nani kewu nguu, winndi winndannde ñaawoore tiitoonde mum ko ‘Warde rewɓe e nder leydi Nijeer’, nde o woni e janngude haa jooni to Amerik e hitaande 1930, e ɓataake mo o winndi e oon sahaa, daraniiɗo hakkeeji siwil ''Pan''-[[Afrik]], hono W. E. B. Du Bois. Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Azikiwe winndi deftere makko adannde wiyeteende ‘Liberia e nder politik winndere’ e hitaande 1931. Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiriino wonde jaagorgal caggal leydi to leydi Liberiya, kono o saliima sabu o wonaa jeyaaɗo e leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist|work=The Journalist|url=https://www.thejournalist.org.za/pioneers/nnamdi-azikiwe-african-philosopher-scholar-and-eminent-journalist|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> E hitaande 1934, nde Azikiwe warti [[Lagos]], o anndaa no feewi, o yi’aama no neɗɗo tedduɗo e won e renndo [[Lagos]] e [[Igbo]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://www.ekwendigbo.com/index.php/en/profiles/blessed-memories/83-nnamdi-azikiwe|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805055431/http://www.ekwendigbo.com/index.php/en/profiles/blessed-memories/83-nnamdi-azikiwe|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 August 2020|website=www.ekwendigbo.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> O jaɓɓaama e juuɗe yimɓe seeɗa, kolliri binndi makko to [[Amerik]] ina laaɓi ina njottii [[Naajeeriya]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=38}} To leydi Nijeer, faandaare Azikiwe adannde ko heɓde darnde fotnde e jaŋde makko ; caggal ɗaɓɓaande keewnde nde o heɓaani (ina heen ngam heɓde posto janngingol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'', [[Lagos]]), o jaɓi ɗaɓɓaande jom jawdi en [[Gana|Ganaa]] biyeteeɗo Alfred Ocansey ngam wonde gardiiɗo sosɗo jaaynde wiyeteende ''African Morning Post'', jaaynde hesere ñalnde kala to [[Accra]], [[Gana|Ganaa]].<ref name="theworldnews.net2">{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-07|title=Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://thenigerianhistory.wordpress.com/dr-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|website=our history|language=en}}</ref> O rokkaama junngo ngam dogginde jaaynde ndee, o ƴetti gollotooɓe mum heewɓe e asliiji ɗii.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Azikiwe winndi "''The Inside Stuff by'' Zik", deftere nde o winndi e nder mum ko fayti e ngenndiyaŋkaagal radikal e manngu ɓaleejo, ko ɗum addani won e kulhuli e nder dingiral koloñaal.<ref>{{cite news|title=African graduate of Lincoln creates stir in his native land|date=22 August 1936|work=New Journal and Guide}}</ref> Ko o editor, o ƴelliti ajendaaji ngenndiyaŋkooɓe daraniiɓe [[Afrik]].<ref name="theworldnews.net3">{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> Yuri Smertin siftinii binndol makko ngol ko, "binndanɗe cemmbinɗe e haalaaji renndo ɗi cemmbini njuɓɓudi koloñaal gonndi ndii : keeri hakke Afriknaaɓe hollirde miijooji mum en, e njiyaagu njiyaagu". Yuri kadi ñiŋii ɓeen Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e ‘elite’ renndo koloñaal, yiɗɓe jogaade njuɓɓudi gonndi ndii, nde tawnoo ɓe njiyri ɗum ko « tuugnorgal wellitaare maɓɓe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://thenigerianhistory.wordpress.com/dr-nnamdi-azikiwe/|date=2013-01-07|website=our history|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> E nder dumunna mo Azikiwe woni e Accra, o yahri yeeso e filosof makko [[Afrik]] keso mo o ƴeewti caggal ɗuum e nder deftere makko, [[Afrik]] Renas50<ref>{{Cite web|title=Long awaited Zik's Day preps in Anambra|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/11/14/long-awaited-ziks-day-preps-in-anambra/|date=2019-11-14|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref>. E nder miijo filosof, Azikiwe wiyi wonde « ko leydi ɗo Afriknaaɓe ceertata e leƴƴi e laamuuji gaadanteeji, mbaylee e kuule filosof joy : ballondiral ruuhu, ƴellitaare renndo, pellital faggudu, ndimaagu hakkille e ngenndiyaŋkaagal risorgimento ». Azikiwe ronkaani politik Gold Coast, kadi jaaynde ndee ina wallita lannda Mambii nokku oo.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=41}} ''The Post'', jaaynde nokkuure ndee yaltinii winndannde ñalnde 15 mee 1936, "Mbele Afriknaajo ina jogii Alla?" ko [[I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson]], e Azikiwe (hono winndiyanke) ñaawaama sabu fitinaaji.<ref name="theworldnews.net4">{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> O fuɗɗii ko ñaaweede, o ñaawaa lebbi jeegom kasoo. E dow fenaande makko, Zik hollitii, "so tawii ko mi kuutorgal daɗndo ngal imperiyaalisma e nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange foti luulndaade e liɓde, kadi so tawii e nder ndeeɗoo njillu miɗo foti yoɓde njoɓdi ɓurndi toowde, ndeen alaa ko haani mi diwde walla mi diwta. Miɗo wondi e hoolaare ñalnde kala wonde the ''New'' restinality ina waawi wonde les [[Afrik]] keso oo stem it. Hay maayde am waawaa jokkude kristal mum." Caggal ɗuum o woppitaa e Ñaawirde Toownde [[Afrik]] Hirnaange.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe and the vision of a united Africa|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/magazine/politicalreforms/Nnamdi-Azikiwe-and-the-vision-of-a-united-Africa/1843776-5116596-15o8e3tz/index.html|website=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> [[File:Nnamdi Azikiwe in Office, 1937.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe e nder biro mum, hitaande 1937]] Azikiwe warti [[Lagos]] nder hitaande 1937, o sosi jaaynde wiyeteende ''West African Pilot'', jaaynde nde o huutortoo ngam ɓamtude ngenndiyaŋkaagal e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], fedde Zik ''Group'' sosi jaayndeeji jowitiiɗi e toɓɓe politik e faggudu e nder gure teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndii fof.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uche|first1=Luke Uka|title=Mass Media, People, and Politics in Nigeria|date=1989|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|page=95}}</ref> Jaaynde ɓurnde mawnude e fedde ndee ko ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo, nde huutorii ko konngol [[Dante Alighieri]] « Hollit annoore, yimɓe ɓee keɓata laawol » ngam waɗde heen konngol mum. Binndanɗe goɗɗe ko ''Defender'' [[Naajeeriya]] Fombinaari ummoriiɗo Warri (caggal mum [[Ibadan]]), Gardiiɗo Fuɗnaange (sosaaɗo e hitaande 1940, yaltinaa to Port Harcourt), e Kaaloowo [[Naajeeriya]] to [[Onitsha]].{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=204}} Ko e hitaande 1944, fedde ndee heɓti deftere [[Dusé Mohamed Ali]] wiyeteende La Comète. Jaaynde Azikiwe ko njulaagu, kadi ko kuutorgal ngam politik e wallitde.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=195}} ''Pilot'' oo ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e yeeyde ko ɓuri heewde ko e ''circulation'', ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu firms expatriés ɓuri waawde faggudu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=199}} Jaayɗe Azikiwe keewɗe teeŋtinii sensationalisme e daartol nafoore aadee ; ''the Pilot'' nastini yewtere fijirle e ta'irde rewɓe, ɓesdi yewtere dow kuuɗe [[Naajeeriya]] to ɗum hawti bee limngal limngal limngal limngal limngal ''Daily Times'' (ngal teddini limngal limngal yimɓe lesdi feere e limngal lesdi feere).{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=200}} Doggol Pilot gadanol ngol ko 6 000 ekkol ñalawma kala ; e tolno mum ɓurɗo mawnude e hitaande 1950, nde ina yaltina ko ina tolnoo e 20 000 ekkol.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=203}} Azikiwe sosi gollorɗe njulaagu goɗɗe (hono Banke Kontinental [[Afrik]] e Restoran Penny) e oon sahaa, o huutorii jaayɗe makko ngam yeeyde ɗe.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=42}} Ko adii wolde adunaare ɗimmere, ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-11-29|title=The Sage and his Jewel: A society wedding in Ikenne Remo, By Tayo Agunbiade|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/568055-the-sage-and-his-jewel-a-society-wedding-in-ikenne-remo-by-tayo-agunbiade.html|access-date=2022-12-26|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> yiytaa ko no kaayitaaji etaade mahde tuugnorgal cirkulaasiyoŋ wonaa radikal peeñɗo. Editorialji ɓataake oo e yeewtere politik ndee ina teeŋtini tooñanngeeji baɗeteeɗi e [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]], e ñiŋde njuɓɓudi koloñaal e ballal miijooji eliteeji jannguɓe to [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=42}} Kono, e hitaande 1940, waylo-waylo seeɗa-seeɗa waɗi. No o waɗiri e jaaynde ''African Morning Post'' nii, Azikiwe fuɗɗii winndude lowre wiyeteende "''Inside Stuff''", nde o etotoo sahaa e sahaa fof ƴellitde hakkillaaji politik.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=221}}Editorialuuji jaaynde ndee ina noddi jeytaare [[Afrik]], haa teeŋti noon caggal nde dille jeytaare Inndo ummii.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=221}} Hay so tawii kaayitaaji ɗii ina mballita Angalteer e nder wolde nde, ɗi ñiŋii peeje ustude ngalu ko wayi no ƴellitde cogguuli e ustude njoɓdi.<ref name="lifeandtimesnews.com">{{Cite news|title=Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-4/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Sun News|date=2017|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> E hitaande 1943, Diiso Angalteer (Conseil britannique) wallitii rewooɓe [[Afrik]] worgo 8 (ina heen Azikiwe), kanko e rewooɓe 6 woɗɓe ɓe kuutoriima fartaŋŋe ngam humpitaade jeytaare politik potnde waɗeede. Jaayndiyankooɓe ɓee ciifi ɓataake ngam ɗaɓɓude peeje moƴƴe renndo-politik seeɗa-seeɗa, tawa ina jeyaa heen ittugol njuɓɓudi koloñaal korona, wakilaagu diiwaanuuji e jeytaare koloñaaluuji [[Afrik]] hirnaange Angalteer e hitaande 1958 walla 1960.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=220}} ''Memorandum'' oo, biro koloñaal oo yejjiti ɗum, ɗum ɓeydi fitinaaji Azikiwe.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=233}} Omo jogii nafoore mawnde e jaayɗe ko ina tolnoo e 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] njiylotoo. Binndanɗe Azikiwe ko faati e ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Afrik]], mawnikinaare ɓaleeɓe e doole mum en, njibinii politikaaji koloñaal en heewɓe, naftorii [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] heewɓe ŋakkiraaɓe.<ref name="Nnamdi Azikiwe">{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|website=DREAM WORLD PIONEERS VENTURES|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804162946/http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jaayɗe Fuɗnaange [[Afrik]] ina keewi yaltude e ɗemngal [[Suwahili]], so wonaa jaayɗe kabaruuji ko wayi ''no East African Standard''. Azikiwe wayliima no feewi e nder jaayɗe [[Afrik]] worgo, hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore. E hitaande 1950, jaayɗe joy ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe [[Afrik]] toppitii e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange (ina heen jaaynde Nigerian Daily Times) ɓuri ''Pilot'' yeeyde. Ñalnde 8 [[lewru]] juko hitaande 1945, laamu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] haɗi Azikiwe ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] hirnaange e ''Daily Comet'' ngam hollirde ko boni e humpitooji ko faati e seppo mawngo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist|work=The Journalist|url=https://www.thejournalist.org.za/pioneers/nnamdi-azikiwe-african-philosopher-scholar-and-eminent-journalist|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> Azikiwe hay so jaɓii ɗum, o jokki e yaltinde binndanɗe ko faati e seppo ngoo e nder jaaynde wiyeteende ''Guardian'' (jaaynde makko Port Harcourt). O ardii seppo mawngo e hitaande 1945, o woni hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] fuɗnaange gila 1954 haa 1959.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi {{!}} Infoplease|url=https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/asia-africa/african-bios/azikiwe-benjamin-nnamdi|website=www.infoplease.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> E kitaale 1960, caggal jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ''Pilot'' ngenndiijo [[Afrik]] hirnaange ina teskaa e fuɗnaange. Azikiwe ƴettii faandaare teeŋtunde e pelle politik ɗe njiɗnoo ko ittude. O ñiŋaama e fedde [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] en sabu huutoraade jaaynde makko ngam haɗde luulndaade miijooji makko. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde The New York Times wiyi wonde o "toowiima e geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder [[Afrik]], o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teskeede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko."<ref name="Times">{{cite news|last1=French|first1=Howard W.|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=8 November 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=14 May 1996}}</ref> [[File:Azikiwe and Zungur in London 1949.png|thumb|Azikiwe e [[Sa'adu Zungur]] to Londres (1949)]] == Azikiwe olle politik == wonti golloowo e nder fedde sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]] (NYM), fedde ngenndiyaŋkoore arandeere e nder leydi ndi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-05-03|title=The Nigerian Youth Movement (1934–1951)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/nigerian-youth-movement-1934-1951/|access-date=2022-12-26|language=en-US}}</ref> Hay so tawii o walliino [[Samuel Akisanya]] ngam wonde kanndidaa NYM ngam heɓde jooɗorde wootere e nder Diiso sarɗiiji e hitaande 1941, tawi diiso doosɗe suɓiima [[Ernest Ikoli]].<ref name="Sklar 2004 53–54">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=53–54|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}</ref> Azikiwe wurtini NYM, o tuumi ardungal ɓurngal ɗuuɗugo nder Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama yimɓe Ijebu-Yoruba'en e Igbo'en. Won e terɗe Ijebu ndewi e makko, pecci dille ɗee e laabi leƴƴi.<ref name="Sklar 2004 53–542">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=53–54|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}</ref> O naati nder siyaasaaku, o sosi kawtal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e lesdi [[Kamerun|Kameruun]] (NCNC) bee [[Herbert Macaulay]] nder hitaande 1944. Azikiwe laati hooreejo kawtal ngal nder hitaande 1946. NCNC hawti bee lanndaaji lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], kawtal fina-tawaa, e kawtal kuugal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], Kawtal Rewbe Demokaraasi [[Naajeeriya]] ekn lannda woni lannda siyaasa tataɓal sosaangal nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]] ɓaawo lannda ''Democratic National'' [[Naajeeriya]] (kañum ne sosi ɗum [[Herbert Macaulay]]), e Mouvement Sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]]. Terɗe lannda kaa teeŋtuɗe ina njeyaa heen; [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti|Fumilayo Ransome-Kuti]], [[M.I.Okpara]], J.O. Fadahunsi, [[Eyo Ita]], [[Margaret Ekpo]], [[Raymond Njoku]], F.S. McEwen, [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]],[[Timote Paul Birabi]], A.K. Blankson, [[Dennis Osadebay|Denis Osadebay]], e [[TOS Benson]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=57–58|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}</ref> === Tuumeede fedde === Sabu ballal Azikiwe e seppo mawngo e [[lewru]] suwee 1945 e njanguuji makko e laamu koloñaal, bayyinaango ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] hirnaange dartinaama ñalnde 8 sulyee ndeen hitaande.<ref name="DR. BENJAMIN NNAMDI AZIKIWE">{{Cite web|title=Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://ilanssenyange.wixsite.com/ilannews/single-post/2017/11/10/DR-BENJAMIN-NNAMDI-AZIKIWE|website=ilannews|date=10 November 2017|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> O yetti liggotooɓe seppooɓe ɓee e hooreejo maɓɓe, [[Michael Imoudu]], o tuumi laamu koloñaal ina huutoroo liggotooɓe.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} E [[lewru]] ut, jaaynde ndee jaɓaama fuɗɗaade yaltude.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=255}} E nder seppo ngo, Azikiwe ummini alarm ko faati e peeje warngooji ɗi yimɓe ɓe nganndaaka, gollotooɓe e innde laamu koloñaal.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} Daartol makko e tuumeede ko mesaas wireless mo jaayndiyanke ''Pilot'' nanngi.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=200}} Caggal nde o heɓi mesaas mo o taƴi oo, Azikiwe naati suuɗde to [[Onitsha]]. ''Pilot'' yaltinii binndanɗe yurmeende e sahaa nde o alaa, kadi Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe ina ngoongɗini daartol warngo ngoo.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-11-16|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: A True National Hero|url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/nnamdi-azikiwe-a-true-national-hero/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-09-11|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nwafor|first=Emmanuel Mordi|date=2018|title=The role of the press in the democratic process: The example of Nigeria's First Republic, 1960–1966|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328234488|journal=}}</ref> Lowre Azikiwe, e cirƴam jaayndeeji makko, ɓeydii e ooɗoo sahaa. Tuume ɗee ina cikki won e Naajeeriyankooɓe, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o waɗi ɗe ngam ɓamtude darnde makko.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nwafor|first=Emmanuel Mordi|date=2018|title=The role of the press in the democratic process: The example of Nigeria's First Republic, 1960–1966|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328234488|journal=}}</ref> Sikke alaa ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko politikaaji Yoruba en ummoriiɓe e fedde sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]], ko ɗum waɗi luural hakkunde pelle ɗee e hare jaayndeeji hakkunde ''Pilot'' Azikiwe e ''Daily Service NYM.'' [[File:Members of Zikist Movement.jpg|thumb|Terɗe fedde Zikist en]] === Diɗɗal Zikist en === Sukaaɓe ɓee kawri ngam haɓaade laamu koloñaal Angalteer. Gooto e fedde sukaaɓe hono ndee ko Zikist en. Diɗɗal sukaaɓe ngal alaa ko bonnata – e gardagol Kolawole Balogun, [[Raji Abdallah]], [[Osita Agwuna]], [[M. C. K. Ajuluchukwu]] e Abiodun Aloba – sosaa ko e hitaande 1946 ngam daranaade nguurndam Azikiwe e miijooji mum laamu hoore mum.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} <ref>{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-06-14|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}</ref>{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=262}}Kola Balogun woni hooreejo gadano dillere Zikist en. E lewru feebariyee 1946, Balogun neldi noddaango fotde sukaaɓe 20 to [[Lagos]], ngam naamnaade miijo maɓɓe e geɗe ngenndiije. E nder capanɗe ɗiɗi ɗee, sappo e ɗiɗo njaabiima, ɗum addani sosde Diɗɗal Zikist, nde tawnoo ɓeen worɓe ngontii terɗe sosɗe maggal. [[Nwafor Orizu]] sinci helmere 'Zikism' diga Azikiwe nde laati innde diina man.<ref name="Olusanya-1966">{{Cite journal|last=Olusanya|first=G. O.|date=November 1966|title=The Zikist Movement—a Study in Political Radicalism, 1946–50|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-modern-african-studies/article/abs/zikist-movementa-study-in-political-radicalism-194650/827C21945CCED6CADD67EE7FDB230159|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|language=en|volume=4|issue=3|pages=323–333|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00013501|issn=1469-7777|url-access=subscription}}</ref> O wonaa tergal e dillere nde kono ko o sehil ɓadiiɗo e jiɗɗo Azikiwe, kadi omo jeyaa e sukaaɓe heewɓe ɓe Azikiwe doolni ngam janngude to [[Amerik]], e sara [[Eyo Ita]] e [[K. O. Mbadiwe|KO Mbadiwe]]. [[Raji Abdallah]] wonti hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo fedde Zikist, caggal nde Balogun ummii [[Londres]], o golliima gila 1948 haa 1949. O waɗii nafoore mawnde e heɓde ballal to bannge worgo e jeyeede e fedde nde. Abdallah e Osita Agwuna (jaagorde makko) ko ɓooyaani koo mbaɗi fedde wiyeteende “Anti-''Colour Bar'' Mouvement” (ACBM) to [[Kano]], fedde nde ina luulndii njiyaagu seerndude ɓaleeɓe e ɓaleeɓe e nder leydi Nijeer. ACBM caggal mum fusi e nder fedde Zikist ɓurnde mawnude.<ref name="Iweriebor-1993">{{Cite book|last=Iweriebor|first=Ehiedu Emmanuel Goodluck|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cu3-twEACAAJ|title=Radical Nationalism in Nigeria: The Zikist Movement and the Struggle for Liberation, 1945-1950|date=1993|publisher=U.M.I.|language=en}}</ref> No Balogun nii, e hitaande 1948, Abdallah riiwaa e golle mum e nder sarwiis jaayndeeji Kano, sarwiis jaayndeeji rajooji. Ko riiwtude mo addani mo ɓeydaade jokkondirde e Mouvement Zikist. O riiwaa sabu naatgol makko e dillere Zikist ina sikkaa ko politik ɓurɗo laaɓtude wonande golloowo laamu. Abdallah ñaawaa caggal mum ñalnde 7 noowammbar 1948 to Ñaawirde Toownde [[Lagos]], ɗo o waɗi konngol, o wiyi nii, "Ɗum ko ñalawma teeŋtuɗo no feewi. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude, ma a taw e nder daartol leydi men. Miɗo noddira ɗum ko ɓuri teeŋtude sabu ko hannde pot-ɗen fellitde, mbele eɗen poti anndude hol ko foti wonde freemen walla alaa?" "Miɗo yiɗi Union Jack e ɓernde am fof. Sabu so wonaa e nder leydi Angalteer, ɗo yahrata fof; woɗɗi hawrude, ina renndini yimɓe ɓee. Mi alaa ko njogiimi e laamɗo George VI mo Angalteer. Kono miɗo yiɗi ''Crown'' leydi Angalteer e ɓernde am fof. Ngam miin e banndiraaɓe am, ko maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, ko juuti e inige petition. En njaltii e duuɓi dipolomasi. Ko ɗum waɗi, miɗo ɗoo jamma, ngam noddirde spade ko spade, e machete ko machete." "Hande, min, Habibu Raji Abdallah, bee mo'ere Allah, hooreejo lesdi Zikist ''Movement'' e ''Field'' Secretary NCNC, mi ɗon anndina hoore am mi ɓii lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] jeytaare e jeytaare. Mi walaa gooŋgaaku haa kala laamu jananndu, nden boo nder walaa' laamu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e heforth ngam yimɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]; haani ɗooftaade kala sariya, ko wonaa sariyaaji ɓiɗɓe leydi [[Najeriyaagal|Najeriya]], aadaaji e sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=The labour of our heroes past… (II)|url=https://dailytrust.com/the-labour-of-our-heroes-past-ii/|access-date=2026-06-21|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ko ɗum waɗi, mi yoɓataa njoɓdi ndii e ooɗoo laamu.Ngam so a yoɓii, ɓe kuutortoo ko kaalis ngam duumaade njiimaandi maɓɓe e dow maa."[citation needed] E dow ñaawoore makko, o jaabtii e mitigation ''Greggcitation'', ''presitation'',<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|title=The labour of our heroes past… (II)|url=https://dailytrust.com/the-labour-of-our-heroes-past-ii/|access-date=2026-06-21|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> "so tawii aɗa gooŋɗini e goonga wonde ko bonannde haɓaade ndimaagu, ndeen noon, e kala sahaa, ñaaw am haa mi wara. So tawiino miɗo woppitee hannde, mi waawaa rokkude hoolaare ngam muusde ɗemngal am. Miin noon, ɓernde am ina laaɓi, miɗo weltii e accude ñaawoore sakkitiinde nde So rifatho, the fuverill to weltaare waɗɓe ma ɗoo mi acca ñaawoore sakkitiinde ndee e Alla.” <ref name="Iweriebor-19932">{{Cite book|last=Iweriebor|first=Ehiedu Emmanuel Goodluck|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cu3-twEACAAJ|title=Radical Nationalism in Nigeria: The Zikist Movement and the Struggle for Liberation, 1945-1950|date=1993|publisher=U.M.I.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Oluwagbemi|first=Ayodele|date=2016-02-14|title=Remembering the Zikist Movement|url=https://punchng.com/remembering-the-zikist-movement/|access-date=2024-04-02|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Enesi|first=Prince H.|date=2017-01-01|title=HABIB RAJI ABDALLAH, 1920 - 1982: AN UNCOMMON NATIONALIST FORGOTTEN IN THE SANDS OF HISTORY|url=https://www.academia.edu/38424995|journal=International Journal of Arts and Humanities}}</ref> Konnguɗi makko lolluɗi ɗii njahdi ko caggal keeri leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ɗi njaɓaa ko e lannda leƴƴi kawral (CPP) mo [[Kwame Nkrumah]] to Cote d’Or (hannde [[Gana|Ganaa]]). Laamu koloñaal jaɓaani moƴƴere e les njiimaandi rewolison e nulal Abdallah. Ko ɗum waɗi Abdallah e ardiiɓe fedde Zikist en nayo nanngaa, ɓe tuumaama ko ɓe fitinaaji.<ref name="Olusanya-19662">{{Cite journal|last=Olusanya|first=G. O.|date=November 1966|title=The Zikist Movement—a Study in Political Radicalism, 1946–50|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-modern-african-studies/article/abs/zikist-movementa-study-in-political-radicalism-194650/827C21945CCED6CADD67EE7FDB230159|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|language=en|volume=4|issue=3|pages=323–333|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00013501|issn=1469-7777|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ndeeɗoo ƴaañgal e ardorde Zikist en addani njuɓɓudi goɗndi e nder Diɗɗal Zikist en, addani Nduka Eze yaltude hooreejo leydi, caggal nde Abdallah sokaa, Mokwugo Okoye wonti sekreteruuji mawɗi. Zikist en, e nder yontaaji, njaltii e NCNC, ɓuri ngenndiyaŋkooɓe e njuɓɓudi jibinannde mum en. Ofiseeji koloñaal en njiyri dille Zikist en ko renndo ngo rewaani laawol, ɓe njaltini yamiroore (''Order-in-Council''), ɓe kaɗi dille Zikist en ñalnde 12 abriil 1950. Caggal ɗuum fedde nde fusi, terɗe mayre mbayli e politik, e njulaagu, e laamu aadaaji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-01|title=Remembering Raji Abdullah, Northern Leader Of The Zikist Movement – Igbo Defender|url=https://igbodefender.com/remembering-raji-abdullah-northern-leader-zikist-movement/|access-date=2024-04-02|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-01|title=Remembering Raji Abdullah, Northern Leader Of The Zikist Movement – Igbo Defender|url=https://igbodefender.com/remembering-raji-abdullah-northern-leader-zikist-movement/|access-date=2024-04-02|language=en-US}}</ref> === Luulndaade doosgal leydi Richards === E hitaande 1945, guwerneer leydi Biritaan biyeteeɗo [[Arthur Richards]] hollitii eɓɓooje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi [[Clifford shaw|Clifford]] ɗe hitaande 1922.<ref name="lifeandtimesnews.com2">{{Cite news|title=Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-4/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Sun News|date=2017|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> Ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndee ɓeydugol terɗe [[Afrik]] toɗɗaaɗe e Diiso sarɗiiji. Kono waylooji ɗii ko ngenndiyankooɓe hono Azikiwe luulndii ɗum en.<ref name="Nnamdi Azikiwe2">{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|website=DREAM WORLD PIONEERS VENTURES|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804162946/http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Politiyankooɓe NCNC njaɓaani kuule ɗe [[Arthur Richards]] ƴetti, kam e kuulal doosgal leydi ndi ina ɗaɓɓi terɗe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] nay cuɓaaɗe tan ; heddiiɓe ɓee maa ngona kanndidaaji toɗɗaaɗi.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Seng|first=Michael P.|date=1985|title=Democracy in Nigeria|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qk5d1h9|journal=National Black Law Journal|volume=9|issue=2|pages=144–166|via=escholarship.org}}</ref> Kanndidaaji [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] toɗɗaaɗi ɗii ko lolluɓe laamu koloñaal, tee ɓe njiɗaa laamu hoore maɓɓe e dow fenaande. Daartol luulndo ngoɗngol ko ŋakkeende nafoore ngam yahrude yeeso [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] e jappeere laamu toownde. NCNC ina hebli ngam haɓaade haala mum e laamu kesu nguu, hono [[Clement Attlee]] to leydi Angalteer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clement Attlee and union links|url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/themes/clement-attlee-union-links.htm|last=The National Archives|website=NationalArchives.gov.uk|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> Jaɓɓungal leydi ndi fuɗɗii ngam humpitaade ko woni e lannda ka, e dañde kaalis ngam seppo leydi Angalteer.{{sfn|Olusanya|1964|p=246}}Hooreejo lannda NCNC, [[Herbert Macaulay]] maayi e nder njillu ngu, Azikiwe ƴetti ardaade lannda ka. O ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo haa Londres, ngam heblude njillu nguu, o yahi [[Amerik]] ngam ɗaɓɓude yurmeende e haala lannda kaa. Azikiwe hawri e [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] to [[Hyde Park]], o haali ko fayti e "rimɗinde leydi [[Naajeeriya]] e maccungaagu politik, ŋakkeende kisal faggudu e ŋakkeende renndo".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe {{!}} Nationalism and Decolonization|url=https://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/nationalism-and-decolonization/nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-13|website=Nigerian Scholars|language=en-US}}</ref> Delegaasiyoŋ Angalteer ina jeyaa heen Azikiwe, [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]], Zanna Dipcharima, [[Abubakar Olorun-Nimbe|Abubakar Olorunimbe]], P. M. Kale, Adeleke Adedoyin e Nyong Essien. Ɓe njilliima Biro Kolonial Fedde Fabian, Goomu Laamɗo Gollotooɓe e Dental Almudɓe [[Afrik]] Hirnaange ngam humpitaade eɓɓooji mum ngam waylude doosɗe leydi 1922. Ina jeyaa e eɓɓooje NCNC, jokkondirde e [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] ko faati e waylooji doosɗe leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ɓeydude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo e ustude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji hakkundeejo to bannge difagol, kaalis e geɗe caggal leydi.{{sfn|Olusanya|1964|p=247}} Delegaasiyoŋ oo yettinii eɓɓaaɗe mum to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe koloñaal, kono ko seeɗa tan waɗi ngam waylude eɓɓaaɗe Richards. Doosgal Richards fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1947, Azikiwe haɓa e gooto e jooɗorɗe [[Lagos]] ngam leeltinde golle mum.<ref>{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-13|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:Stamp Cameroons 2d-600px.jpg|thumb|Tammborde Naajeeriya hitaande 1953]] === Duuɓi 1950 haa 1953 === E nder doosgal leydi Richards, Azikiwe suɓaama e nder Diisnondiral Legislatif e nder wooteeji municipaal [[Lagos]] ummoraade e lannda Demokaraasi ngenndiijo (fotde NCNC).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-4/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2017|access-date=2020-05-30|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref> Kanko e wakiliijo lannda makko ɓe tawtoraaka batu gadano diisnondiral ngal, kadi agitaasiyoŋ ngam waylude doosgal leydi Richards addani doosgal leydi [[Macpherson]].<ref name="Nnamdi Azikiwe3">{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|website=DREAM WORLD PIONEERS VENTURES|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804162946/http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Doosgal Macpherson fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1951, hono no doosgal Richards nii, noddi wooteeji e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo. Azikiwe saliima waylooji ɗii, o haɓanaaki fartaŋŋe waylude doosgal leydi kesal ngal. Wooteeji limtaaɗi mbaɗaama tuggi lewru ut haa lewru desaambar 1951.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The 1951 elections: How Awolowo forced Azikiwe out of western Nigeria|url=https://businessday.ng/columnist/article/the-1951-elections-how-awolowo-forced-azikiwe-out-of-western-nigeria/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Adekoya|first=Dr. Remi|date=2019|newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> To Diiwaan Hirnaange (ɗo Azikiwe darinoo ɗoo), lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɓuri heen heewde : NCNC mo Azikiwe e Goomu golle. Woote Asaambele diiwaan Hirnaange mbaɗaama e lewru suwee e desaambar 1951 sabu doosgal leydi ndii ina ɗaɓɓi e kollirɗe woote ngam suɓaade terɗe suudu sarɗiiji ngenndi ; ko ɓuri heewde e ''Action Group'' e nder suudu nduu ina waawi haɗde Azikiwe yahde suudu sarɗiiji.<ref>Onyioha, K.O.K. |date=20 November 1951|"Ben Azikiwe key figure in long Nigerian poll", ''Philadelphia Tribune'' (1912–2001).</ref> O heɓi jooɗorde asamblee diiwaan oo gila [[Lagos]], kono lannda luulndo ngoo wiyi ina jogii ɓural e nder suudu sarɗiiji, Azikiwe kadi daranaaki [[Lagos]] e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde. E hitaande 1951, o wonti hooreejo luulndo laamu [[Obafemi Awolowo]] to suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan hirnaange. Azikiwe suɓaaka e nder batu ngenndi, waɗii jiiɓru e nder hirnaange.{{sfn|Olusanya|1964|p=303}} Nanondiral hakkunde terɗe NCNC cuɓaaɗe ummoriiɗe [[Lagos]] ngam woppude Azikiwe so tawii o suɓaaka, yanii. Azikiwe tuumi doosgal leydi, o yiɗi ko waylooji mbaɗee. NCNC (mo jiimi e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange) jaɓi, e ƴettude peeje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi.{{sfn|Olusanya|1964|pp=303–305}} Azikiwe ummiima to Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1952<ref name="pulse.ng">{{Cite news|title=A brief walk into the life of Nigeria's first president|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nnamdi-azikiwe-a-brief-walk-into-the-life-of-nigerias-first-president/5e2yhtv|date=2017-09-20|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe and the vision of a united Africa -II|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/magazine/politicalreforms/Nnamdi-Azikiwe-and-the-vision-of-a-united-Africa--II/1843776-5126270-hfst7u/index.html|website=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> e batu diiwaan mo NCNC ɓuri heewde oo waɗi eɓɓooje ngam jaɓɓaade mo. Hay so tawii jaagorɗe diiwaan e hakkundeeje lannda kaa ɗaɓɓiraama yo njokku laamu e nder mbayliigu kabine, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe njaɓaani ɗaɓɓaande ndee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Political Public and Difference: The Case of Nigeria|url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/12875/1/nq41018.pdf|last=Ejobowah|first=John Boye|date=1999|website=tspace.library.utoronto.ca|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> Ndeen asaambele diiwaan oo waɗii woote ngam waasde hoolaade jaagorɗe ɗee, kadi kuule appropriation neldaaɗe to ministeer oo njaɓaaka.<ref name="DR. BENJAMIN NNAMDI AZIKIWE2">{{Cite web|title=Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://ilanssenyange.wixsite.com/ilannews/single-post/2017/11/10/DR-BENJAMIN-NNAMDI-AZIKIWE|website=ilannews|date=10 November 2017|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> Ɗum addani diiwaan hee ŋakkere, lietnaa-guwerneer oo fusi galle diiwaan oo. Woote kese ngartiri Azikiwe e wonde tergal Asammbele Fuɗnaange. O suɓaama hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], nden o laati hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nder hitaande 1954 nde ɗum warti kawtal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. == Premier diiwaan Fuɗnaange == Azikiwe wonti hooreejo leydi diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1954 caggal nde doosgal kesal waɗtaa e golle. Komisiyoŋ faggudu diiwaan Fuɗnaange Azikiwe gollondirii e Orop e [[Amerik]] worgo ngam wallitde ƴellitaare e nder diiwaan hee, e nder njulaagu, e nder njulaagu nebam leɗɗe, e nder njamndi e kemikal e nder diiwaan hee. O mahii sosiyetee semmbe Nijeer lolluɗo to Nkalagu e nder diiwaan [[Ebonyi, Ebonyi State|Ebonyi]] hannde oo, o fuɗɗii golle ñalnde 1 [[lewru]] Yarkomaa hitaande 1955. O mahii gaas Nijeer. O sosi kadi sosiyetee gadano e nder leydi Nijeer, biyeteeɗo Niger Steel. O sosi banke ɓiɓɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] arandeejo, Banke [[Afrik]] (ACB). Ummingo ACB waɗi ngomnati Hirnaange lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] sosde Banki lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], ngomnati woylaare lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] darni banki woylaare. ACB ina waɗi nafoore e feeñde e fedde njulaagu mawnde to Fuɗnaange gila e kitaale 1950. Banki oo kadi waɗii geɗe keewɗe e ƴellitaare gonnooɗo Biafrannaaɓe e darnugol hareeji e hitaande 1970. O sosi porogaraam jaŋde baawɗo rokkude leydi [[Naajeeriya]] wontude leydi ɓurndi yaajde e yeeyde jaŋde caggal leydi e nder [[Afrik]]. Azikiwe sosi fedde ƴellitaare fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]], nde waɗii darnde mawnde e mahngo duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya]] to [[Nsukka]], duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde gadanal e nder leydi ndi, ngal timmungal, e hitaande 1960. Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya]] sosaa ko ñalnde 18 [[lewru]] Mbooy hitaande 1955, caggal nde sariya ngam sosde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ngal e les njiimaandi Inter- Council Jaŋde e caggal leydi e njuɓɓudi gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele (jooni USAID), J.W. Cook (VC mo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Exeter), Dr John A. Hannah (Hooreejo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Michigan State), e Dr Glen L. Taggart, Deenoowo Porogaraamuuji hakkunde leyɗeele (MSU), ngarii e leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1958. Goomu nguu ƴeewtindiima nokku oo to [[Nsukka]], e wiɗtude no feewi geɗe keewɗe ceertuɗe jowitiiɗe e sosde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde kesal. [[File:Nnamdi Azikiwe with P. L. Prattis, Earl Hord, Beverly Carter, and Bill Nunn Sr. seated on right, in Press Club, Pittsbu.jpg|thumb|Nnamdi Azikiwe e P. L. Prattis, Earl Hord, Beverli Karter, e Bill Nunn mawɗo ina njooɗii bannge ñaamo, e nder suudu jaayndeeji, to Pittsbu]] Hayre nden waɗaama wakkati juulde jeytaare lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], nde laamiiɗo debbo Alexandra mo Kent, laamiiɗo debbo [[Elizabeth II]], wadi ɗum. Kalaasuuji puɗɗii ko ñalnde 17 oktoobar 1960 e binnditagol 220 almuudo e 13 tergal gollordu jaŋde. Nde laati Jaami'aare arandeere nder [[Naajeeriya]], jaami'aare arandeere nde laamu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] sosi, nden nder hitaande 1963, jaami'aare arandeere hokkata dipolomaaji lesdi [[Naajeeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/mission-vision-statement/|title=About Us|website=University Of Nigeria Nsukka}}</ref> E hitaande 1957, Azikiwe haaliino e nulaaɓe Angalteer e [[Naajeeriya]] e nder batu Lancaster House e hitaande 1957, ɗo doosɗe fedde nde ngam [[Naajeeriya]] jeytaare mum feewnaa. Joɗnde nde ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Biritaan ardii, waɗii won e nulaaɓe leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. Ardii dental ngal ko [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare, Obafemi Awolowo mo fedde ''Action'', Eyo Ita mo lannda ngenndiijo jeytaare e Ahmadu Bello mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare. Ñalnde 3 feebariyee 1959, Azikiwe jaɓɓiima Kwame Nkrumah (gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi [[Gana]] keso toɗɗaaɗo) njillu to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer. O yilli suudu joonde diiwaan fuɗnaange e wondude e wondiiɓe makko, Hon. Jaagorgal ko feewti e geɗe caggal leydi, hono Kodjo Botsio e wasiyaaji ko feewti e geɗe Afrik, hono George Padmore. Nnamdi Azikiwe huutoriima ñalngu nguu, to suudu sarɗiiji fuɗnaange, ngam waɗde konngol teddinoowo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Nkrumah, o siftini no Kwame dartiniri golle [[Afrik]]. [[File:Ahmadu Bello with Nnamdi Azikiwe.png|thumb|Ahmadu Bello e Nnamdi Azikiwe.]] Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1959, Azikiwe lomtii Michael Okpara, gardiiɗo diiwaan fuɗnaange. Ñalnde 28 oktoobar 1959, guwerneer seneraal Robertson habrii fusde suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, tawi ina waɗi 184 tergal, tuggi 1 noowammbar 1959, mbele woote jeytaare ina mbaɗee. Ñalnde 12 desaambar 1959, woote parlemaa mbaɗaama to Nijeer ngam ƴamde 312 jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji. Diɗɗal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e [[Kamerun]] (NCNC) ngal Azikiwe woni arandeere nden heɓi 2,594,577 woote e 89 jooɗorde. Fedde Awolowo (AG), woni 2ɓo e 1 992, 364 woote e 75 jooɗorde. Kongres yimɓe woylaare lesdi Tafawa Balewa (NPC) woni 3ɓo e 1 922 179 e 148 e nder 312 jooɗorde nder suudu sarɗiiji. Lanndaaji tati mawɗi ɗi e nder woote ɗee mbaawaano heɓde jooɗorɗe keewɗe ngam sosde laamu. Guverneur général Robertson noddi Tafawa Balewa yo o dañ laamu ngu. Ñalnde 16 desaambar, [[Ahmadu Bello]] e Tafawa Balewa etinooma yettaade nanondiral ngam waawde jogaade laamu nguu hakkunde NPC e NCNC. ''Governor General'' humpitaama e kawral ngal, ko ɗum waɗi o jaɓi kabine sappo e jeegom mo Balewa suɓii.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41853826|jstor=41853826|title=Federal Elections in Nigeria, 1959|last1=Awa|first1=E. O.|journal=The Indian Journal of Political Science|date=12 April 1960|volume=21|issue=2|pages=101–113}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Burns|first=Alan|date=January 1, 1964|title=The Nigerian Federal Election of 1959|url=https://academic.oup.com/afraf/article-abstract/63/250/80/31923|access-date=2024-08-18|journal=African Affairs|volume=63|issue=250|pages=80–81|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a095185|url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[File:Flag of Nigeria (1952–1960).svg|thumb|Banndiraawo lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya (1914-1960)]] [[File:Flag of Nigeria.svg|thumb|Banndiraawo kesum lesdi Naajeeriya, mo Michael Akinwunmi waɗi (1960)]] == Ndimaagu leydi Naajeeriya == Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 1960, parlemaa leydi Biritaan ƴetti kuulal jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], hitaande 1960, ngal hokki ndimaagu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. Jamma 30 suwee 1960, laana ndiwoowa ''British Union Jack'' jippinaa e kewu mawningol, tawi tedduɓe tawtoraama. Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 1960, laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Alexandra lomtotooɗo laamɗo debbo oo, udditi Parlemaa gadano leydi ndii. Doosgal kesal, sosngal njuɓɓudi fedde nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe cuɓaaɗo e hooreejo leydi kewu sosaa. Laamu kawtal NCNC e NPC woni laamu nde [[Naajeeriya]] heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, ''Sir'' [[Tafawa Balewa]] woni hooreejo leydi ndi, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo Senaa. Ɓooytaani, Azikiwe lomtii Sir James Robertson, wonti Guwerneer Seneraal gadano e nder leydi ndii. Kono e nder doosɗe leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], guwerneer jeneral ko hooreejo leydi tan. Darnde Guwerneer-General e terɗe Diisnondiral Laamɗo debbo, mbaɗti Azikiwe dow politik lannda. Kabinee hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] arandeere Tafawa Balewa hawti bee; M Johnson, Bukar Dipcharima, Ayo Rosiji, Aja Wachukwu, Kolawole Balogun, e Victor Mukete (Kamerun), Samuel Akintola, Raymond Njoku, Alhaji Ribadu, Kingsley O. Mbadiwe, Festus Okotie-Eboh, e Allaji Inua Wada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/209288/|title=NIGERIA: PRIME MINISTER SIR ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA AND OTHER CABINET MINISTERS SWORN-IN BY PRESIDENT AZIKIWE|website=British Pathé}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/home/research-projects/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/|title=33. Nigeria (1960-present)|website=uca.edu}}</ref> Sir Tafawa Balewa waɗii konngol mum to nokku biyeteeɗo ''Race Course'' (hannde ko nokku Tafawa Balewa) to [[Lagos]] e nder ñalɗi jeytaare leydi ndii. E nder konngol makko o wiyi, "Kewu hannde oo ko ñalngu nguu, ko ñalngu nguu fuɗɗii duuɓi sappo e joyi jooni, ngu yettiima ɗo haaɗi. Ko e manngu laaɓtungu, min mbiyata ko keɓgol Jeytaare men ngol alaa ko nanndi e mum e nder annals daartol. Kala taƴre men nde ina waɗi planfuncelly e dow doosgal men e kaaldigal udditiingal, wonaa tan hakkunde wakili’en denndaangal nafooje ceertuɗe e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] kono ko e ballondiral e laamu njuɓɓudi ndi hannde woppi laamu mum."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/1960-sir-abubakar-tafawa-balewa-independence-day/|title=(1960) Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, "Independence Day" •|date=20 August 2009}}</ref> == Gomnajo lesdi Naajeeriya == Nde ngon-mi suka mi yi’i gite: gite [[Naajeeriya]] wonta leydi mawndi e nder duunde [[Afrik]] ummotoonde; ''visions of Nigeria'' hokkata ndimu haa ɓe nder maccungaaku, e heɓugo laawol demokaraasi ngam ɓe ɗonno lulla nder ''illusion of security'' les laamu koloñaal..Miɗo hooli mi hoyɗan koyɗi am nder jam e ɓeydaari cemmbiɗinki yimɓe leydi am [[Naajeeriya]]. Motto fedde jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya]] woni Kawtal e Nuɗɗinki. Miɗo ñaagii nde ndeenten ngootaagu men, ndeentoo goonɗinal ''men''. — Nnamdi Azikiwe (duuɓi 1960, Londres) Azikiwe ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, hono Harold Macmillan, wasiyii mo yo lomto ''Sir'' [[James Robertson]], e nder njillu makko to [[Lagos]] e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1960. Joɗnde Guwerneer-Jeneral fedde nde e nder haala tiitoonde, waɗi mo wakiliijo laamɗo leydi Angalteer to leydi Nijeer. Udditgol Azikiwe e lewru noowammbar 1960, seedtiima yoga e gollodiiɓe makko e nder Atlantik ɓaleejo, won heen ko [[Martin Luther King Jr]]. Du Bois, Sirli Graham Du Bois, Ami Jak Garvey, e Joorji S. Suyler.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.14321/jwestafrihist.7.1.0001|doi=10.14321/jwestafrihist.7.1.0001|title=A Gilded Cage? Nnamdi Azikiwes Pan-Africanism as Governor-General of Nigeria, 1960–63|date=2021|last1=Reeves|first1=Mark|journal=Journal of West African History|volume=7|pages=1–26|s2cid=242294844|url-access=subscription}}</ref>Martin Luther King Jr. hollitii wonde hareeji ndimaagu e nder leydi Nijeer e nder leyɗeele [[Afrik]] goɗɗe ina njogii batte keewɗe e dille jojjanɗe aadee [[Amerik]], o siftini wonde Azikiwe e ardiiɓe [[Afrik]] woɗɓe ko "jaambaarooji ɓurɗi lollude e ko ɓuri heewde e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''Negro'' en aduna o." Haa timminorde haala maako, Zik wi'i, "min, ɓe mbaawata siftoreede no haanirta nii, min mbaɗi [[Naajeeriya]] hannde, ɓe ngaddi ndimu nder leydi men, ɓe ndewi kawtal men bana lenyol", ko "taariiha hokki yam geɓe mawɗe ngam mi heɓa batte duumotooɗe e ngam wadduki haaje yimɓe men." O wiyi kadi "mi jogaaki miijo e wellitaare am walla hay kisal walla hay nguurndam e hoore mum, so tawii ko ɗeen ngoni coggu ngu pot-mi yoɓde ngam ardaade ngam hisnude ndimaagu e ngootaagu leydi am."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Azikiwe, Nnamdi. Respect for human dignity: an inaugural address by His Excellency Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, P.C. Governor-General nd Commander-in Chief, Federation of Nigeria 16 November, 1960. Onitsha : Chike Mbadugha, 1960.|url=https://collections.libraries.indiana.edu/africancollections/items/show/8901|access-date=2023-12-13|website=collections.libraries.indiana.edu}}</ref> Azikiwe tawtoraama batu diiwaan [[Afrik]] gadano Fedde Adunaare Golle (OIT), ngu yuɓɓinaa to [[Lagos]], leydi Nijeer e [[lewru]] Duujal 1960. Tawtoraama heen: Mr. Johnson, jaagorgal golle leydi Nijeer e hooreejo batu nguu, Mr. Demby, jaagorgal golle leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, e David Director A-G19,[ ILO.19].<ref>{{Cite web|title=PowerPoint Presentation|url=https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---africa/---ro-abidjan/---ilo-abuja/documents/publication/wcms_701393.pdf|access-date=August 18, 2024|website=www.ilo.org}}</ref> E lewru desaambar 1961 Fedde [[Amerik|Ameriknaare]] Pinal [[Afrik]] (AMSAC) yuɓɓinii ñalngu mawngu e nder wuro [[Lagos]], to leydi Nijeer. Yimɓe Ameriknaaɓe mawɓe ko wayi no Nina Simone, Langston Hughes, e Lionel Hampton njahii e yahdu AMSAC timmundu ngam semmbinde jokkondiral hakkunde [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] e [[Amerik|Ameriknaaɓe]]/[[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]]. Ɓe njaɓɓaama e Azikiwe to [[Lagos]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14794012.2018.1423601|doi=10.1080/14794012.2018.1423601|title=Performances in the theatre of the Cold War: The American Society of African Culture and the 1961 Lagos Festival|date=2018|last1=Geerlings|first1=Lonneke|journal=Journal of Transatlantic Studies|volume=16|pages=1–19}}</ref> [[File:Dr. John A. Hannah, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe and Dr. George Johnson on the campus of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe e Doktoor John A. Hannah (naamo) e Doktoor George Johnson (nyaamo) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Nijeer, hitaande 1961]] Ñalnde 17 noowammbar 1961, e nder konngol makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] to [[Nsukka]], Zik hollitii eɓɓaande mum ngam [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ƴettude doosgal leydi republique tawa ina heddii e tergal ''Commonwealth''. E hitaande 1962, Azikiwe eeriima ardiiɓe [[Afrik]] e nder batu [[Lagos]], yo cos fedde dowlaaji [[Afrik]]. Koolol [[Lagos]] ngol winnditii sarɗiiji eɓɓaaɗi ngam "Fedde hakkunde [[Afrik]] e Malagasi" e gardagol Azikiwe. Caggal ɗuum, nde jaɓaa e lewru mee 1963 e Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/azikiwe-nnamdi|title=Azikiwe, Nnamdi &#124; The Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute|website=kinginstitute.stanford.edu}}</ref> E hitaande 1963, Azikiwe yamiri gollorde gadane nde Guinness mahi caggal leydi Irlannda e Angalteer to [[Lagos]] [[File:Seal of the President of Nigeria.svg|thumb|Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya]] [[File:Azikiwe swearing Balewa as prime minister, 1960.jpg|thumb|Hooreejo leydi Azikiwe ina waɗa hunnde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe e jaagorɗe kabine, hitaande 1964]] == Hooreejo leydi (1963-1966) == Leydi [[Naajeeriya]] sosaa ko ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963, [[Abubakar Tafawa balewa|Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] woni gardiiɗo jaagorɗe (hooreejo laamu) e Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo (hooreejo leydi) e hooreejo konu. Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Tafawa Balewa hollitii waylude doosgal leydi ndi 1960 ngam waylude Azikiwe e wonde Guwerneer Jeneral, e waylude tiitoonde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi kewu. Balewa hollitii wonde Azikiwe ina foti innireede hooreejo leydi e nder doosɗe leydi 1963 sabu leydi [[Naajeeriya]] meeɗaani yoɓde Dr. Ko zuum wazi, kuulal 157 doosgal leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] 1963, tiitoonde mum ko Nnamdi Azikiwe ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, ina winndaa heen "Nnamdi Azikiwe ina foti wonde hooreejo leydi e ñalngu ngu doosgal leydi ndi fuzzii."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/nnamdi-azikiwe|title=From Nnamdi Azikiwe &#124; The Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute|website=kinginstitute.stanford.edu}}</ref><ref>''Nigeria's Forgotten Heroes: Nnamdi Azikiwe – "Father of the Nation"'' (Part 2).</ref> Ñalnde 30 lewru Duujal hitaande 1964, wooteeji feddeeji gadani e nder leydi Nijeer gila nde heɓi jeytaare mum. Woote ɗee njoofiima jonte keewɗe sabu luural hakkunde limoore inɗe gonɗe e doggol wooteeji ɗii e doggol binnditagol ngol. Lebbi jeegom caggal wooteeji ɗii, fotde 2 000 neɗɗo maayi e fitinaaji baɗnooɗi e nder diiwaan hirnaange.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/3510208|title=1964 federal election crisis-: An analysis|date=13 April 1965|publisher=Etudo}}</ref> === 1964 kiris e kuudetaa === ''Nigerian Daily Express'' wi'i nyande 3 mars 1964, "Haa heɓugo ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nder hitaande 1960, eɓɓoore amin arandeere ngam anndugo ɗuuɗal yimɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] laati kuugal limngal yimɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nder hitaande 1962. Hooreejo komitiiru limngal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] wakkati man woni J. J. Warren. Njeñtudi limngal yimɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ko ɓuri miliyon ha Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, [[Abubakar Tafawa balewa|Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] salii njeñtudi ndi o woppi Mr. Warren, o yamiri yo o riiwtu e hitaande 1963.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ojo|first=Emmanuel Oladipo|date=10 February 2012|title=Leadership Crisis and Political Instability in Nigeria, 1964-1966: The Personalities, the Parties and the Policies|url=https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/LEADERSHIP-CRISIS-AND-POLITICAL-INSTABILITY-IN-NIG.pdf|access-date=18 August 2024|website=Naira Metrics}}</ref><ref name="Samuel-2012">{{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/2104947|title=Leadership Crisis and Political Instability in Nigeria, 1964-1966: The Personalities, the Parties and the Policies|date=January 2012|last1=Samuel|first1=Babatope}}</ref> Caggal nde o waɗi manipulaasiyoŋ, njeñtudi binnditagol ngol hollitii wonde Fuɗnaange ina les limtaa e miliyoŋaaji 8,5 e nder hitaande 1962 gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii ɓeydii dow limoore ndee haa 65,66 miliyoŋ woote fedde ndee e lewru desaambar 1964 ngaddi caɗeele mawɗe, ruppitii laamu kawral NPC e NCNC. Wooteeji ɗii mbaɗii boykotuuji keewɗi, njulaagu, hulɓinaare, njulaagu e fitinaaji ɗi Azikiwe waɗi haa o salii noddude gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Balewa ngam sosde laamu kesu. Balɗe seeɗa, jokkere enɗam apokaliptik ina jokki e dow leydi ndii haa nde Azikiwe ƴetti konngol e dow doosɗe leydi ndii.<ref name="Samuel-20122">{{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/2104947|title=Leadership Crisis and Political Instability in Nigeria, 1964-1966: The Personalities, the Parties and the Policies|date=January 2012|last1=Samuel|first1=Babatope}}</ref> [[File:Mrs. Flora Azikiwe (First Lady Federal Republic of Nigeria 1960 - 1966).jpg|thumb|Mrs Flora Azikiwe (Laamɗo leydi Naajeeriya 1960 - 1966)]] == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Azikiwe resi debbo mum gadano biyeteeɗo Flora Azikiwe ñalnde 4 abriil 1936 to Akra, to Cote d’Or nde o woni gardiiɗo jaaynde [[Afrik]] subaka. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe nayo, ɓiɗɗo debbo gooto e ɓiɓɓe worɓe tato. E hitaande 1973 Azikiwe resi debbo mum ɗiɗaɓo Uche Azikiwe nde o yahrata e duuɓi 26. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo. [[File:Gen. Yakubu Gowon GCFR.jpg|thumb|'''Gen.'''Yakubu Gowon]] == Posto hooreejo leydi e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi == [[File:Major Gen. J.T.U. Aguiyi Ironsi.jpg|thumb]] Laamu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] momti diiwanuuji feddeeji nay ɗii ñalnde 24 lewru mbooy hitaande 1966. Won e leƴƴi fuɗnaange fotde 115 neɗɗo mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik ñalnde 28 lewru mbooy-2 lewru juko hitaande 1966 ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966. Fotde 30 neɗɗo mbaraama e hareeji politik to Lagos ñalnde 29 sulyee-1 ut 1966, fotde 250 000 leñol fuɗnaange ndogi ummoraade e diiwaan Fuɗnaange fayde e diiwaan fuɗnaange caggal kuudetaa konu. Lietnaa Kolonel [[Yakubu Gowon]] huniima wonde hooreejo laamu konu fedde nde caggal kuudetaa konu, o artiri diiwanuuji fedde ndee nay ñalnde 31 ut 1966. Fotde 2 000 leñol Igbos mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange to4ctober L69 [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]], guwerneer konu diiwal fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, anndinii dow diiwal ngal natti jaɓugo Gowon bana hooreejo laamu konu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nyande 2 mars 1967. Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon hoosi bawɗe timmuɗe bana komandaajo mawdo laamu e hooreejo laamu militaari7 ngam ardungal 1967. Gowon anndini laamu nguu ñalnde 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967. Ojukwu bayyini jeytaare leydi Biafra to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 caggal nde laamu fedde ndee teddinaani nanondiral Aburi.<ref name="Jimoh-2021">{{Cite web|last=Jimoh|first=Dauda Ishola|date=July 2021|title=The Action Group Crisis, 1962-1966, Implications for the First Republic|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353283996|access-date=August 18, 2024|website=Researchgate}}</ref> <ref name="Jimoh-20212">{{Cite web|last=Jimoh|first=Dauda Ishola|date=July 2021|title=The Action Group Crisis, 1962-1966, Implications for the First Republic|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353283996|access-date=August 18, 2024|website=Researchgate}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40199517|jstor=40199517|title=Brinkmanship in Nigeria: The Federal Elections of 1964-65|last1=Anglin|first1=Douglas G.|journal=International Journal|date=2 April 1965|volume=20|issue=2|pages=173–188}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=download|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6598525.pdf|website=core.ac.uk}}</ref><ref name="Omotola">{{Cite web|last=Omotola|first=Balogun|date=2017-12-11|title=Biography of Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://diamondboatconsult.wordpress.com/2017/12/11/biography-of-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2020-05-30|website=Diamond Boat Consult|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Times2">{{cite news |date=14 May 1996|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=8 November 2018|last1=French|first1=Howard W.|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>. Azikiwe e fuɗɗoode ina wallitnoo Biafra e anndinde ɗum e nder winndere ndee. O huutoriima doole makko politik ngam ardaade delegaasiyoŋ Biafra caggal leydi ngam jaɓde dowla jeytaare. E hitaande 1968, nde o yiyi batte hare ndee, o ñaagii Ojukwu nde o joofnata kaaldigal e Gowon, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Azikiwe woɗɗitii politik caggal wolde. O woniino hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Lagos]] tuggi 1972 haa 1976. Jokkugol laamu konu e rokkude laamu laamu demokaraasi e hitaande 1979 rokki Azikiwe fartaŋŋe wartaade politik. O naati nder lanyol yimɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nder hitaande 1978, o waɗi ɗaɓɓaande ardiiɗo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] nde o heɓi nasaraaku nder hitaande 1979 e hitaande 1983. O acci siyaasaaku haa abada ɓaawo kuudetaa konu nder hitaande 1983 nde [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ardii === Duuɓi cakkitiiɗi === Fitinaaji meeɗaay wonde kuutorgal ngal min kuutortoo, minen sosɓe leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ngam safrude caɗeele politik. E nder aadaaji Angalteer, min kaaldii e Biro Koloñaal ngam jaɓde caɗeele amen ngam ŋakkeende e moƴƴere haala amen ngam laamu hoore mum. Caggal batuuji jeegom doosɗe leydi e hitaande 1953, 1954, 1957, 1958, 1959, e 1960, Angalteer rokkii en hakke ngam tabitinde jeytaare men politik gila 1 oktoobar 1960. Hay gooto e lanndaaji politik leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ɗi meeɗaani ƴettude jeytaare men politik e men happy violed to en meeɗaani jaɓde jeytaare men politik wonde hay toɓɓere ƴiiƴam Angalteer walla [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] rufaaka e nder hare men ngenndiire ngam nokku men e naange. Ndee ɗoo hujja daartol addani mi wiyde e yeeso yimɓe fof e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] wonde laamu nguu rokkii en laamu hoore mum e dow lowre kaŋŋe. Ko goonga, yonta am ina cemmbina mi, kono geɗe daartol ɗee ko ɗe njiyataa. Miɗo sikki ko ɓuri mettude ko ‘Sukaaɓe Turki’ men pellitii naatnude elemen mbayliigu bonngu e nder politik leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. No ɓe e renndo men fof mbaawirta ustude politikaaji tiiɗɗi, ma a taw nannguɗi, ko politik mo alaa hakkille. Mi jokki bee Seneraal [[Aguiyi-Ironsi]], Ofiisaajo Seneraal Ardiido sooja'en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], mo mi faami, jooni o hoosi kuuɗe laamu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. Miɗo sakka golle am ngam kala udditgol jam ngam haɗde ƴiiƴam ɓeydaade, ngam weltinde ofiseeji muusɗi ɗii, e artirde sariya e deeƴre. So mi nanii haala makko tan, mi waɗa peeje ngam hootde galle. Ko fayti e am, miɗo jogori warde ardiiɓe men politik e konu ko musiiba ngenndiijo. — Jaabawol hooreejo leydi Nnamdi Azikiwe e kuudetaa konu gadano, hitaande 1966. Ñalnde 8 noowammbar 1989, jaayɗe ciifi e fenaande wonde Azikiwe maayii, sabu naamne jaayndiyanke BBC jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko. O artiri o wiyi "mi yaawaani yaltude oo aduna, sabu ko kañum tan woni tagofeere nde nganndu-mi." E hitaande 1991, Azikiwe yahiino e udditgol nokku Nnamdi Azikiwe to [[Zungeru]], nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, e juuɗe hooreejo leydi [[Ibraahiima Babangida]]. E nder ndunngu 1995, o rokki yeewtere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Pennsylvania e gardiiɗo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal. Azikiwe maayi haa ñalnde 11 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1996, to opitaal janngirde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya]] to [[Enugu]] caggal nde o rafi ko juuti. O yahrata ko e duuɓi 91. Azikiwe rokkaama wirwirnde dowla e laamu [[Sani Abacha]], caggal fotde jonte ɗiɗi kewuuji ngenndiiji. Ɓanndu makko nawaama e gure keewɗe teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndi ngam sunaare e teddungal. O wirnaa e wuro makko [[Onitsha]] ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1996, ñalnde wonnde ñalngu ngu o heɓi duuɓi 92. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde wiyeteende New York ''Times'' teskiima, "O toowii dow geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder [[Afrik]], o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teddineede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko." E hitaande 2019, laamu hooreejo leydi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ƴettii golle timminde suudu ndu Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, ndu anndinaama ndu nokkuure nden. == Innde e ndonu daartol == E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, ƴaañgal [[Afrik]] seediima laamuuji Orop ina peccii [[Afrik]], ina kuutoroo jawdi aadee e tago. Ƴellitaare miijo politik [[Afrik]] feeñi ko e anniya yiylaade eɓɓoore miijo jaɓgol hoore mum e ngenndiyaŋkaagal pinal cemmbinngal. Ina jeyaa e daraniiɓe ''Pan'' [[Afrik]], Nnamdi Azikiwe, Pilot ndimaagu leydi Nijeer. Nokku Azikiwe nder cosmology [[Naajeeriya]] ɗon yaaji haa darnde maako nde o jogi. O rokki ngenndiyaŋkaagal e hare jeytaare maanaa keso. Zik, e oon sahaa to duɗal Hope Waddel, ina anndi miijooji Marcus Garvey ko fayti e ''Pan''-[[Afrik]], teeŋtinoowo doole [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]], e rimɗinde [[Afrik]] e juuɗe Afriknaaɓe. Ɗum addani Zik naamnaade laawɗingol koloñaal e nder [[Afrik]], tee ina jeyaa e ko Garvey wiyi ngam rimɗinde Afrik e laamuuji koloñaal. E wakkati nde [[Naajeeriya]] woni haa jooni mooɓre diiwalji feere-feere, anndalji e dente nokkuuje, Zik fuɗɗi ƴamɗe ngam heɓugo ndimu [[Naajeeriya]] e ngam sosde senngooji ɗi ngalaa lenyol, ɗi ngalaa leƴƴi ngam yidde lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e yidde lesdi maɓɓe.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|work=The New York Times|date=14 May 1996|last1=French|first1=Howard W.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c5wuAQAAIAAJ&q=azikiwe+legacy|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: The Philosopher of Our Time|isbn=978-978-156-001-9|last1=Igwe|first1=Agbafor|year=1992|publisher=Fourth Dimension Publishing Company}}</ref> Azikiwe yahiino to [[Amerik]] ɗo o janngi e jannginde e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ceertuɗe to Fuɗnaange, o yi’i weeyo ngo njiyaagu e ƴellitaare `Negro' radikal. O heɓi kadi ballal e hooreejo leydi [[Amerik]] e teeminannde 19ɓiire, hono James A Garfield, e dow huɗo ngam weltinde njiimaandi politik. Nde o arti e [[Afrik]] worgo, ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ngoƴa makko, ko ɗum waɗi, wonaa hare leydi, ngenndiyaŋkoore, kono ko hare winndereyankoore, winndereyankoore ngam leñol ɓaleejo. Ko o gardiiɗo jaaynde ''African Morning Post to Accra'', tuggi 1935 haa 1937, Azikiwe heɓi ɗoon e ɗoon innde sabu jaayndeyaagal makko toowngal `''American style''<nowiki/>' e ñiŋde cuusal makko e njuɓɓudi koloñaal, e ardiiɓe koloñaal kam e ardiiɓe [[Afrik]] nokkuuji ɗii. Semmbe makko ina yaaji e nder leyɗeele koloñaal Biritaan en fof, ko kanko woni doole guurɗe won e ardiiɓe [[Afrik]] hono Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, Dauda Jawara, Kenneth Kaunda e Milton Obote e woɗɓe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/national-shame-ziks-tomb-uncompleted-22-years-after/?amp|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=National shame: Zik's tomb still uncompleted 22 years after|date=27 June 2018|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=30 October 2014|title=Victor Umeh weeps at Zik's Grave|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=88534|location=Lagos, Nigeria|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105231857/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=88534|archive-date=5 January 2015|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref> Jaayndeyaagal Azikiwe kaɓanngal e ƴattooje ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e darnde makko e doole makko, kadi ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e ummital [[Naajeeriya]]. Azikiwe sosi fedde jaayndeyaagal wiyeteende Zik ''Group'', nde o sosi e nde o yuɓɓini ''Pilot West African'', nde o inniri « kaayitaaji ngenndiyaŋkooji ñaamooɓe yiite, doolnuɗi, ɓurɗi toowde ». E les njiimaandi Zik Group o wayli golle jaayɗe [[Afrik]] hirnaange, o hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore, o yaajtini nafoore makko e jogaade ko ina tolnoo e jaayɗe 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] njiylotoo. ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] hirnaange mawni no feewi gila e doggol adanngol ngol 6 000 ekkol ñalnde kala, haa e doggol ko ina ɓura 20 000 ekkol e tolno mum e kitaale 1950.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a44PAQAAMAAJ&q=azikiwe+legacy|title=The Legacies of Zik: A Tribute to the Rt. Hon. Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, First President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the Owelle-Osowa-Anya of Onithsa|year=1996|publisher=Nolix Educational Publishers|isbn=978-978-2754-60-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199/154|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, First President of Nigeria: A Force in Library Development in Nigeria|journal=World Libraries|date=2 April 1997|volume=7|issue=2|last1=Aguolu|first1=C. C.|last2=Aguolu|first2=L. E.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gaana.com/song/the-life-legacy-of-dr-nnamdi-azikiwe-former-president-of-nigeria-with-michael-ukwuma|title=Listen to The Life & Legacy Of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, Former President of Nigeria with Michael Ukwuma from show Obehi Podcast: In-depth interviews – season – 1|work=gaana.com|access-date=31 March 2024|archive-date=31 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331083759/https://gaana.com/song/the-life-legacy-of-dr-nnamdi-azikiwe-former-president-of-nigeria-with-michael-ukwuma|url-status=dead}}</ref>Kaayitaaji keertiiɗi ɗi Nnamdi Azikiwe, hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] arandeejo, ɗon mari haaje nder suudu defte maako haa Nsukka, [[Naajeeriya]]. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen binndanɗe keertiiɗe, eɓɓaande ciimtol makko, binndanɗe dowla ummoraade e gardagol makko, binndanɗe politik jowitiiɗe e Republique Biafra, kaɓirɗe ummoraade e kampaañ Azikiwe e hitaande 1979 e 1983, kam e defte e jaayɗe seeɗa ɗe keewaani. Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Vanderbilt, e ballal kaalis e porogaraam defte binndaaɗe e nder defterdu UCLA, waɗii ɗeen geɗe dijital ngam sosde mooɓondiral geɗe puɗɗaaɗe jowitiiɗe e jaŋde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e leydi Biafra <ref name="meap.library.ucla.edu">{{Cite web|title=Rescuing Zik's Library: Preserving the Nnamdi Azikiwe Papers {{!}} Modern Endangered Archives Program|url=https://meap.library.ucla.edu/projects/nnamdi-azikiwe-papers/|access-date=2025-07-30|website=meap.library.ucla.edu}}</ref>. Ndee ɗoo deftere ina heɓoo e dijital rewrude e defterdu UCLA.<ref name="MEAP Collection">{{Cite web|title=MEAP Collection|url=https://digital.library.ucla.edu/catalog/ark:/21198/z1547ndq|access-date=2025-07-30|website=digital.library.ucla.edu}}</ref> === Teddungal === Leydi Biritaan : Tergal e Diiso doosɗe leydi Biritaan, ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1960.<ref>{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-11-16|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}</ref> Komanda mawɗo fedde nde (GCFR).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Baraje and the Title of CON|url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=2456|access-date=2023-11-16|website=www.ilorin.info}}</ref> [[File:Azikiwe with Thurgood Marshall, Chester Bowles and Roy Williston Bornn at Howard University 1954 commencement.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe e Thurgood Marshall, Chester Bowles e Roy Williston Jibinaa ko heɓde seedantaagal mum teddungal e hitaande 1954 fuɗɗoode duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard]] === Degreeji teddungal === Azikiwe heɓi dipolomaaji teddungal 14 ummoraade e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], [[Amerik]] e [[Labiriyaa|Liberiya]], teeŋti noon : Pennsylvanie 1946: Doktoor to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln Virginia Hirnaange 1947: Doktoor ɓataakeeji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer Washington, D.C. 1950: Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Howard heɓi Doktoraa mum to bannge sariya Michigan 1959: Doktoor tedduɗo e sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Michigan<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://research.msu.edu/msu-honorary-degree-recipients-alphabetical-list|title=MSU Honorary Degree Recipients: Alphabetical List &#124; Office of Research and Innovation|website=research.msu.edu}}</ref> [[Naajeeriya]] 1961: Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji (D.Litt.) to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Honorary Graduates From 1961 to 1983|url=https://spgs.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/HONORARY-GRADUATES-FROM-1961-TO-1983.pdf|access-date=August 18, 2024|website=spgs.unn.edu.ng}}</ref> [[Labiriyaa|Liberiya]] 1969 : Doktoraa mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Labiriyaa|Liberiya]] Pennsylvanie 1980 : Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji aadee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvanie Woɗɓe ina mbaɗi dipolomaaji ummoraade e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Ibadan]], duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Lagos]], duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Ahmadu Bello]], UNIZIK, e FUTO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zikism.tripod.com/Owelle.html|title=Zik of Africa|website=zikism.tripod.com}}</ref> [[File:Dmgs roundabout onitsha and Azikiwe statue II.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe/DMGS gonɗo e laawol, [[Onitsha]]]] === Siftorde e monumndaaji === <ref>{{cite web|url=https://ikengaonline.com/2022/12/03/gov-ugwuanyi-honours-zik-converts-premier-lodge-to-monuments-centre/|title=Gov Ugwuanyi honours Zik, converts premier lodge to monuments centre|date=3 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lincoln.edu/azikiwe-nkrumah-hall|title=Azikiwe-Nkrumah Hall {{!}} Lincoln University|website=www.lincoln.edu|access-date=2018-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.informationng.com/2017/03/things-may-not-know-university-ibadan-number-one-will-shock.html|title=Things You May Not Know About University of Ibadan... Number One will Shock You|date=16 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library.unn.edu.ng/|title=Home|website=Nnamdi Azikiwe Library}}</ref> [[File:Dr. Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe.jpg|thumb|Nnamdi Azikiwe, [[Onitsha]]]] === Kaalis e tammborɗe posto === Natal Azikiwe feeñii e kaalis ₦500 leydi [[Naajeeriya]] gila hitaande 2001. Natal makko ina tawee e limlebbi postooji ɗi ɓe peeñnini e hitaande 1964, gila ndeen kadi feeñii e limlebbi goɗɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Currency/gallery/N500.asp|title=Welcome to the New Central Bank of Nigeria Website}}</ref> === E nder pinal leñol === Nguurndam Azikiwe gadana ko kanko winndi, yaltinaa e hitaande 1970, tiitoonde mum ko Odyssey am: nguurndam am. Laamu leydi [[Naajeeriya]] sosi njeenaari Zik, njeenaari ardungal hitaande kala, e hitaande 1995, ngam teddinde Azikiwe. E hitaande 2006, Ben Obi fuɗɗii yeewtere hitaandeere Zik ngam maayde golle moƴƴe e ndonu Azikiwe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/benefactor/|title=Benefactor|website=Zik's Lecture Series}}</ref> [[File:Azikiwe-Nkrumah Hall - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Saal Azikiwe-Nkrumah, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln]] Filoosofi jaŋde Azikiwe hollitaama e nder filmo binndaaɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/unn-documentary-film/|title=UNN Documentary Film|date=22 June 2017}}</ref> E hitaande 2023, Fedde Duke Shomolu yaltinii pijirlooji tuugiiɗi e nguurndam e jamaanu Azikiwe. Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Michigan State sosi ‘Fedde janngooɓe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe’ e hitaande 2023, ngam wallitde janngooɓe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] hakkunde leyɗeele MSU to [[Afrik]] ngam wiɗtooji. Njeenaari ndii ko ngam teddinde Azikiwe mo gollodii e jannginooɓe MSU ngam mahde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya]]) to Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]]. [[File:Zik Historic Center Enugu.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo nder, Catal Zik, [[Enugu]]]] === Teddungal aadaaji === Azikiwe naatnaa e renndo Agbalanze [[Onitsha]] e innde '''Nnanyelugo''' e hitaande 1946, ko ɗum anndinde worɓe Onitsha jogiiɓe golle maantiniiɗe. E hitaande 1962, o wonti mawɗo leydi ɗiɗaɓo (Ndichie Okwa) hono '''Obi Oziziani'''.<ref name="Omotola2">{{Cite web |last=Omotola|first=Balogun|date=2017-12-11|title=Biography of Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://diamondboatconsult.wordpress.com/2017/12/11/biography-of-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2020-05-30|website=Diamond Boat Consult|language=en}}</ref> Mawɗo Azikiwe toɗɗaama bana '''Owelle-Osowa-Anya''' mo [[Onitsha]] nder hitaande 1972, ɗum waɗi mo ardiiɗo ronkaaku arandeejo (Ndichie Ume) nder caltal Igbo nder laamiiɗo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]].<ref name="pulse.ng2">{{Cite news |title=A brief walk into the life of Nigeria's first president|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nnamdi-azikiwe-a-brief-walk-into-the-life-of-nigerias-first-president/5e2yhtv|date=2017-09-20|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> [[File:Zik Historic Center, Enugu.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo yaasi, Catal Zik, [[Enugu]]]] [[File:NAIA Abuja Terminal Entrance.jpg|thumb|Nnamdi azikiwe laana ndiwoowa hakkunde leyɗeele [[Abuja]]]] [[File:Nnamdi Azikiwe University main gate Awka.jpg|thumb|Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Nnamdi Azikiwe Akwa]] == Miijooji politik == Zikism; ko miijo politik ɓurngo lollude e Nnamdi Azikiwe, faandaare mum ko ustude hakkillaaji sukaaɓe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]]. E sahaa nde dowlaaji [[Afrik]] ngonnoo e les njiimaandi Angalteer, Zik ƴetti filosof mum politik, hono miijo mbayliigu. Canons jowi Zikism woni "Balans Ruuhu", "''Regeneration'' Sociale", "Determinism Faggudu", "Emancipation Mentale", e "Ummital Politik". E werlaade annoore ɓurnde laaɓtude e canons, Azikiwe teeŋtinii, "Ko adii fof, mi ƴettii konngol ''balance'' spirituel ngam hollirde ndimaagu teskinngu e nder ɓernde, miijo e miijo... Ɗiɗaɓere, mi mahii ƴellitaare renndo ngam hollirde ndimaagu fedde e ndimaagu diisnondiral .. Tataɓol, mi ventured e nder faggudu taprocie so I goongɗini Mi lootii hono ngool ngonka nguurndam determinism faggudu, sabu miɗo gooŋɗini miijo Karl Marx e firo faggudu daartol e nder lewru e nder [[Afrik]] fof... Nayaɓol ngol, mi fellitii waɗde yah-ngartaa e nder fannuuji hakkille ... Ko ɗum waɗi mi ƴetti tesis wonde emancipaasiyoŋ hakkille ina haani wonande [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] jannguɓe bonɓe. Joyaɓere ... alaa ko waawi sikkeede e Risorgimento politik [[Afrik|Afriknaajo]], nde tawnoo wellitaare ɗeen sarɗiiji ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu nguurndam, ndimaagu, e jokkude wellitaare." Weltaare Neo; Azikiwe huutoriima pinal [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] e faggudu [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] ko adii koloñaal ngam ƴellitde miijo makko faggudu Neo-Welfarist, o wasiyii eklektisism e pragmatism ngam wonde tuugnorgal filosofi wonande neo-welfarism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371667097|title=A Philosophical Appraisal of Azikiwe's Neo-Welfarism Introduction|format=PDF}}</ref> Pragmatisme eklektik; Eklektik-pragmatism wonande Azikiwe ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade haa teeŋti e goongaaji keewɗi fannuuji faggudu e politik. Ko feere etaade yuɓɓinde miijooji nannduɗi e luurondirɗi, wonaa e safrude luural, kono ko e suɓaade e hawrude e ko nafata e ko waawi huutoreede e kala heen ngam heɓde paandaale yiɗde. Nii woni, pragmatisme eklektik ina wayi no ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade caɗeele Afrik e nder ƴeewndorɗe ceertuɗe e teskinɗe ɗe njiylotonoo ɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371667097|title=A Philosophical Appraisal of Azikiwe's Neo-Welfarism Introduction|format=PDF}}</ref> [[File:Independence Hall (Indy Hall) and Nnamdi Azikiwe Hall (Zik Hall) from topmost floor of Abdulsalami Abubakar Hall (AAH), University of Ibadan.jpg|thumb|Nnamdi Azikiwe Hall, Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Ibadan]]]] [[File:Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe.jpg|thumb|Nnamdi Azikiwe, dowla Imo]] [[File:Azikiwe Postage Stamps.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe tonngoode hitaande 1964]] [[File:Azikiwe 500 Naira note.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe on 500 naira note]] === Golle === Zik (1961) Odiseeji am (1971) Afrik keso (1973) Liberiyaa e nder politik winndere (1931) ——— (hitaande 1966). Teemedere Ciimtol Ciimtol e Yimre Rt. Hon. Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe. Duɗal njuɓɓudi e karallaagal. <nowiki>ISBN 978-2736-09-0</nowiki>. Sifaa siyaasaaku ngam lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] (1943) Faggudu leydi Naajeeriya (1943) Zik: Cuɓagol konnguɗi Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe (1961) Daartol warngo: Goonga walla fenaande? (1946) Ko adii men ina woodi yanaande udditiinde (1947) Jaango Pan-[[Afrik]] (1961) Goongaaji ngootaagu Afrik (1965) Iwdi wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya (1969) Mi ɗon nuɗɗina Naajeeriya gooto (1969) Eɓɓooje jam ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele [[Naajeeriya]] (1969) Kaaldigal dow Laamorde Kesum ngam Naajeeriya (1974) Taggol lesɗe ɗuuɗɗe nder [[Naajeeriya]], limngal siyaasaaku (1974) Demokaraasi e jeertinaango konu (1974) Reorientaasiyoŋ miijooji [[Najeriya]] : yeewtere ñalnde 9 lewru Duujal hitaande 1976, e ñalngu udditgol kaalis dokkal UNN (1976) Hare men ngam Ndimaagu; Kiriis luumo [[Onitsha]] (1976) Njaafoɗen Ɓiɓɓe Men. Eeraango feewde e ardiiɓe e yimɓe [[Onitsha]] e nder caɗeele luumo (1976) Koolol jimɗi (1977) Soliloquies wolde nder leydi: Ko ɓuri heewde e jimɗi (1977) Teemedde e nder miijo renndo e politik [[Afrik]] (1978) Gartirgol Demokaraasi [[Naajeeriya]] (1978) Golle ɓennuɗe ɗe ngalaa nanndo: Jaabawol am e caɗeele mawɗo Awolowo (1979) Haala ɓernde (1979) ——— (hitaande 1980). Miijo ngam [[Naajeeriya]]: Kapitaalisma, Sosiyaalisma walla Weltaare?. Makmilan leydi Nijeer. h. 196. <nowiki>ISBN 9789781325212</nowiki>. ——— (hitaande 1983). Bonannde Hoolaare e NPN. ——— (hitaande 1983). Daartol Maa Ƴeewto Goongɗinɓe. == Ƴeew kadi == Ngenndiyankaagal Afrik Filoosofi Zikist Njeenaari Zik == Tuugnorgal == <references /> [[Category:Naajeeriya]] ltxvm4ufd7a4uhzscbcdy5ss3hurkd2 0 42678 177091 176890 2026-06-28T14:03:34Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alexander Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme''' // c GCON (21 Oktoobar 1932 – 19 Noowammbar 2017) ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya mo laati cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya arandeejo cuɓaaɗo diga hitaande 1979 haa 1983 wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru les lesdi Naajeeriya Shehu Shagari bana me Par. Nguurndam neɗɗo Alex Ekwueme jibinaa ko e jibnaaɓe Igbo to wuro Oko, e nder diiwaan Anambra hannde oo ñalnde 21 oktoobar 1932. O maayi ko ñalnde 19 noowammbar 2017 waktu 22ɓo kikiiɗe to suudu safrirdu to Londres. O fotnoo ko fiyde toon caggal nde o arti e komaa mo o yani e mum sabu dogde e hoɗorde makko Enugu. Jaangirde Ekwueme fuɗɗii jaŋde leslesre to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Anglikan St John, to Ekwulobia, caggal ɗuum o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, to Lagos. Ko o keɓɗo bursi Fulbright to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik (ko o gooto e Naajeeriyankooɓe adanɓe heɓde njeenaari ndii), O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Washington ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji makko e Architecture e peewnugol gure. O heɓi master makko ko e peewnugol wuro. Dr. Ekwueme heɓi kadi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres to bannge ganndal renndo, daartol, filosofi e sariya. O yahi caggal ɗuum haa o heɓi doktoraa makko. e nder Architecture to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Strathclyde, hade makko heɓde dipolomaaji BL (teddungal) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sariya leydi Najeriya. Fuɗɗoode golle Ekwueme ko mahoowo tedduɗo. O fuɗɗii golle makko ko e ballondiral e mahngo e nder fedde wiyeteende Leo A. Daly e Associates, e nder fedde wiyeteende Nickson e Partners to Londres. Nde o arti Naajeeriya, o naati e ESSO Afrik hirnaange, Lagos, omo toppitii departemaa mahngo e toppitagol. Ndeen o yahi haa o sosi njulaagu keeriiɗo e nder fedde makko - Ekwueme Associates, Architects e Planners Town, fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore nde wonaa laamuyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɗon mari semmbe bee ofisji 16 haa lesdi Naajeeriya fuu, nden o ɗon mari haaje heɓuki Ekwueme ngam heɓuki kuugal hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Ekwueme ardinooma duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya e kawtal binnditagol architects leydi Naajeeriya. O woniino hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e njuɓɓudi (Institut d'architectes) leydi Nijeer. Ko adii nde Ekwueme heɓata limngal lesdi e nder duuniyaaru bana cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1979, o ɗonno huuda bee cemmbiɗinki rento-faggudu rento maako. Ko jiidaa e golle makko keewɗe ɗe o golli e nder renndo makko, Ekwueme fuɗɗiima fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore (Educational Trust Fund) nde o gollotoo ngam wallitde jaŋde sukaaɓe teemedde keewɗe e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde e nder leydi Najeriya e caggal leydi. Ekwueme wonnoo ko tergal e goomu toppitiingu koɗki e nder Komiseer ƴeewndo njoɓdi e njoɓdi Adebo. O golliima kadi duuɓi keewɗi e nder njuɓɓudi laamu ƴellitaare koɗki e nder leydi Anambra To bannge ngenndi. Cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Ekwueme woni cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya arandeejo cuɓaaɗo diga hitaande 1979 haa 1983 wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru nde o laati hooreejo lesdi Shehu Shagari bana tergal lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN). Caggal golle Ekwueme tawtoraama batu doosɗe leydi (NCC) hitaande 1995 to Abuja, ɗo o woni e Goomu njuɓɓudi e njuɓɓudi doosɗe leydi. Eɓɓooje maako mawɗe ɗe o waɗi haa NCC ngam heɓuki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya dow ko laarani jokkirgol lesdi Naajeeriya dow ko laarani lesdi Naajeeriya, jooni ɗon mari haaje jaɓuki ngam jogaago siyaasaaku Naajeeriya cemmbiɗɗum. Ekwueme mooɓi kawtal 34 mawɓe Naajeeriya'en ɓe ɗon mari bawɗe ngam ɓe ndarna laamu lesdi Naajeeriya Sani Abacha wakkati laamu sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya. Ko kanko woni hooreejo sosɗo lannda laamu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, kanko kadi ko kanko woni hooreejo gadano e fedde toppitiinde ko feewti e lannda. Ekwueme ko neɗɗo moƴƴo, golloowo laamu, neɗɗo jam.[15] O jeyaa ko e yiilirde fedde wiyeteende « Forum des fédérations » to Kanadaa. O woniino kadi tergal e Diiso Mawɓe Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Hirnaange Afrik (CEDEAO). Ekwueme wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde nde Institut National Démocratique (NDI) moofti ngam yuurnitaade ko adii wooteeji ngam wooteeji parlemaa to Zimbaabwee e hitaande 2000.[16] Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde ƴeewooɓe Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) e woote hooreleydaagu e parlemaa Tansani e hitaande 2000. Ekwueme ardii fedde ƴeewooɓe 28 tergal nde NDI/Carter Centre wallitnoo e wooteeji ɗiɗaɓi hooreejo leydi Liberiya e hitaande 2070[17]5. Ko ɓuri ɓadaade Dr Ekwueme noddiraama e lannda laamu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya ngam ardaade goomu nguu ngam ardaade goomu nguu e nder njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, caggal nde lannda ka heɓiino jokkere enɗam hakkunde lannda ka e caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi. Tiitooɗe e teddungal Ekwueme woni Ide laamu Oko nder diiwal Anambra, ɗo miñiiko gorko, porfeseer Lazarus Ekwueme, laami bana laamiiɗo aada. O teddinaama kadi e kawtal laamɓe aadaaji nder Aguata ɓooymaare bana Ide nokkuure laamu nokkuure Aguata nder jiha Anambra hawti bee gure cappanɗe nayi (44).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Life & times of Alex Ekwueme, first elected Vice President, Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=https://nairametrics.com/2017/11/20/life-times-alex-ekwueme-first-elected-vice-president-federal-republic-nigeria/|last=Ohwovoriole|first=Onome|date=2017-11-20|website=Nairametrics|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-24}}</ref> Statue Dr Alex Ekwueme to diiwaan Owerri Imo O teddinaama e teddungal leydi Gine e Niiseer, teddungal ɗiɗaɓal ɓurngal toowde e nder leydi hee, hono teddungal mawngal e nder leydi Niiseer (GCON). Doktoor Ekwueme ko moƴƴo e balloowo "Fondaasiyoŋ Alex Ekwueme". Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde fedde Alex Ekwueme Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, diiwaan Ebonyi, inniraa ko innde makko e maayde makko Cukko hooreejo leydi Yemi Osinbajo siftinii gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Alex Ekwueme wonde mo hulaani, kadi ko o baawɗo wonde fof." diktatoor nder balɗe mum ɓurɗe niɓɓiɗde e hulɓinaade e nder daartol leydi Naajeeriya O waɗii heen geɗe keewɗe ngam wartugol demokaraasi e hitaande 1999,” Osinbajo wiyi. == Tuugnorgal == i1plnprryvsvxl2yn11bsmcdhy7xh7p 177092 177091 2026-06-28T14:09:22Z Ilya Discuss 10103 177092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alexander Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme''' // c GCON (21 Oktoobar 1932 – 19 Noowammbar 2017) ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya mo laati cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya arandeejo cuɓaaɗo diga hitaande 1979 haa 1983 wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru les lesdi Naajeeriya Shehu Shagari bana me Par. == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Alex Ekwueme jibinaa ko e jibnaaɓe Igbo to wuro Oko, e nder diiwaan Anambra hannde oo ñalnde 21 oktoobar 1932. O maayi ko ñalnde 19 noowammbar 2017 waktu 22ɓo kikiiɗe to suudu safrirdu to Londres. O fotnoo ko fiyde toon caggal nde o arti e komaa mo o yani e mum sabu dogde e hoɗorde makko Enugu. == Jaangirde == Ekwueme fuɗɗii jaŋde leslesre to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Anglikan St John, to Ekwulobia, caggal ɗuum o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, to Lagos. Ko o keɓɗo bursi Fulbright to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik (ko o gooto e Naajeeriyankooɓe adanɓe heɓde njeenaari ndii), O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Washington ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji makko e Architecture e peewnugol gure. O heɓi master makko ko e peewnugol wuro. Dr. Ekwueme heɓi kadi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres to bannge ganndal renndo, daartol, filosofi e sariya. O yahi caggal ɗuum haa o heɓi doktoraa makko. e nder Architecture to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Strathclyde, hade makko heɓde dipolomaaji BL (teddungal) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sariya leydi Najeriya. Fuɗɗoode golle Ekwueme ko mahoowo tedduɗo. O fuɗɗii golle makko ko e ballondiral e mahngo e nder fedde wiyeteende Leo A. Daly e Associates, e nder fedde wiyeteende Nickson e Partners to Londres. Nde o arti Naajeeriya, o naati e ESSO Afrik hirnaange, Lagos, omo toppitii departemaa mahngo e toppitagol. Ndeen o yahi haa o sosi njulaagu keeriiɗo e nder fedde makko - Ekwueme Associates, Architects e Planners Town, fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore nde wonaa laamuyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɗon mari semmbe bee ofisji 16 haa lesdi Naajeeriya fuu, nden o ɗon mari haaje heɓuki Ekwueme ngam heɓuki kuugal hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Ekwueme ardinooma duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya e kawtal binnditagol architects leydi Naajeeriya. O woniino hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e njuɓɓudi (Institut d'architectes) leydi Nijeer. Ko adii nde Ekwueme heɓata limngal lesdi e nder duuniyaaru bana cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1979, o ɗonno huuda bee cemmbiɗinki rento-faggudu rento maako. Ko jiidaa e golle makko keewɗe ɗe o golli e nder renndo makko, Ekwueme fuɗɗiima fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore (Educational Trust Fund) nde o gollotoo ngam wallitde jaŋde sukaaɓe teemedde keewɗe e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde e nder leydi Najeriya e caggal leydi. Ekwueme wonnoo ko tergal e goomu toppitiingu koɗki e nder Komiseer ƴeewndo njoɓdi e njoɓdi Adebo. O golliima kadi duuɓi keewɗi e nder njuɓɓudi laamu ƴellitaare koɗki e nder leydi Anambra To bannge ngenndi. Cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Ekwueme woni cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya arandeejo cuɓaaɗo diga hitaande 1979 haa 1983 wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru nde o laati hooreejo lesdi Shehu Shagari bana tergal lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN). Caggal golle Ekwueme tawtoraama batu doosɗe leydi (NCC) hitaande 1995 to Abuja, ɗo o woni e Goomu njuɓɓudi e njuɓɓudi doosɗe leydi. Eɓɓooje maako mawɗe ɗe o waɗi haa NCC ngam heɓuki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya dow ko laarani jokkirgol lesdi Naajeeriya dow ko laarani lesdi Naajeeriya, jooni ɗon mari haaje jaɓuki ngam jogaago siyaasaaku Naajeeriya cemmbiɗɗum. Ekwueme mooɓi kawtal 34 mawɓe Naajeeriya'en ɓe ɗon mari bawɗe ngam ɓe ndarna laamu lesdi Naajeeriya Sani Abacha wakkati laamu sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya. Ko kanko woni hooreejo sosɗo lannda laamu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, kanko kadi ko kanko woni hooreejo gadano e fedde toppitiinde ko feewti e lannda. Ekwueme ko neɗɗo moƴƴo, golloowo laamu, neɗɗo jam.[15] O jeyaa ko e yiilirde fedde wiyeteende « Forum des fédérations » to Kanadaa. O woniino kadi tergal e Diiso Mawɓe Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Hirnaange Afrik (CEDEAO). Ekwueme wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde nde Institut National Démocratique (NDI) moofti ngam yuurnitaade ko adii wooteeji ngam wooteeji parlemaa to Zimbaabwee e hitaande 2000.[16] Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde ƴeewooɓe Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) e woote hooreleydaagu e parlemaa Tansani e hitaande 2000. Ekwueme ardii fedde ƴeewooɓe 28 tergal nde NDI/Carter Centre wallitnoo e wooteeji ɗiɗaɓi hooreejo leydi Liberiya e hitaande 2070[17]5. Ko ɓuri ɓadaade Dr Ekwueme noddiraama e lannda laamu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya ngam ardaade goomu nguu ngam ardaade goomu nguu e nder njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, caggal nde lannda ka heɓiino jokkere enɗam hakkunde lannda ka e caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi. Tiitooɗe e teddungal Ekwueme woni Ide laamu Oko nder diiwal Anambra, ɗo miñiiko gorko, porfeseer Lazarus Ekwueme, laami bana laamiiɗo aada. O teddinaama kadi e kawtal laamɓe aadaaji nder Aguata ɓooymaare bana Ide nokkuure laamu nokkuure Aguata nder jiha Anambra hawti bee gure cappanɗe nayi (44).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Life & times of Alex Ekwueme, first elected Vice President, Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=https://nairametrics.com/2017/11/20/life-times-alex-ekwueme-first-elected-vice-president-federal-republic-nigeria/|last=Ohwovoriole|first=Onome|date=2017-11-20|website=Nairametrics|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-24}}</ref> Statue Dr Alex Ekwueme to diiwaan Owerri Imo O teddinaama e teddungal leydi Gine e Niiseer, teddungal ɗiɗaɓal ɓurngal toowde e nder leydi hee, hono teddungal mawngal e nder leydi Niiseer (GCON). Doktoor Ekwueme ko moƴƴo e balloowo "Fondaasiyoŋ Alex Ekwueme". Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde fedde Alex Ekwueme Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, diiwaan Ebonyi, inniraa ko innde makko e maayde makko Cukko hooreejo leydi Yemi Osinbajo siftinii gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Alex Ekwueme wonde mo hulaani, kadi ko o baawɗo wonde fof." diktatoor nder balɗe mum ɓurɗe niɓɓiɗde e hulɓinaade e nder daartol leydi Naajeeriya O waɗii heen geɗe keewɗe ngam wartugol demokaraasi e hitaande 1999,” Osinbajo wiyi. == Tuugnorgal == k57bmchsra0gzjgutymsvgnkyt7wjyi 177093 177092 2026-06-28T14:27:24Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alexander Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme''' // c GCON (21 Oktoobar 1932 – 19 Noowammbar 2017) ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya mo laati cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya arandeejo cuɓaaɗo diga hitaande 1979 haa 1983 wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru les lesdi Naajeeriya Shehu Shagari bana me Par. == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Alex Ekwueme jibinaa ko e jibnaaɓe Igbo to wuro Oko, e nder diiwaan Anambra hannde oo ñalnde 21 oktoobar 1932. O maayi ko ñalnde 19 noowammbar 2017 waktu 22ɓo kikiiɗe to suudu safrirdu to Londres. O fotnoo ko fiyde toon caggal nde o arti e komaa mo o yani e mum sabu dogde e hoɗorde makko Enugu. == Jaangirde == Ekwueme fuɗɗii jaŋde leslesre to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Anglikan St John, to Ekwulobia, caggal ɗuum o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, to Lagos. Ko o keɓɗo bursi Fulbright to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik (ko o gooto e Naajeeriyankooɓe adanɓe heɓde njeenaari ndii), O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Washington ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji makko e Architecture e peewnugol gure. O heɓi master makko ko e peewnugol wuro. Dr. Ekwueme heɓi kadi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres to bannge ganndal renndo, daartol, filosofi e sariya. O yahi caggal ɗuum haa o heɓi doktoraa makko. e nder Architecture to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Strathclyde, hade makko heɓde dipolomaaji BL (teddungal) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sariya leydi Najeriya. == Fuɗɗoode golle == Ekwueme ko mahoowo tedduɗo. O fuɗɗii golle makko ko e ballondiral e mahngo e nder fedde wiyeteende Leo A. Daly e Associates, e nder fedde wiyeteende Nickson e Partners to Londres. Nde o arti Naajeeriya, o naati e ESSO Afrik hirnaange, Lagos, omo toppitii departemaa mahngo e toppitagol. Ndeen o yahi haa o sosi njulaagu keeriiɗo e nder fedde makko - Ekwueme Associates, Architects e Planners Town, fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore nde wonaa laamuyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɗon mari semmbe bee ofisji 16 haa lesdi Naajeeriya fuu, nden o ɗon mari haaje heɓuki Ekwueme ngam heɓuki kuugal hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Ekwueme ardinooma duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya e kawtal binnditagol architects leydi Naajeeriya. O woniino hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e njuɓɓudi (Institut d'architectes) leydi Nijeer. Ko adii nde Ekwueme heɓata limngal lesdi e nder duuniyaaru bana cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1979, o ɗonno huuda bee cemmbiɗinki rento-faggudu rento maako. Ko jiidaa e golle makko keewɗe ɗe o golli e nder renndo makko, Ekwueme fuɗɗiima fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore (Educational Trust Fund) nde o gollotoo ngam wallitde jaŋde sukaaɓe teemedde keewɗe e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde e nder leydi Najeriya e caggal leydi. Ekwueme wonnoo ko tergal e goomu toppitiingu koɗki e nder Komiseer ƴeewndo njoɓdi e njoɓdi Adebo. O golliima kadi duuɓi keewɗi e nder njuɓɓudi laamu ƴellitaare koɗki e nder leydi Anambra To bannge ngenndi. == Cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya == Ekwueme woni cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya arandeejo cuɓaaɗo diga hitaande 1979 haa 1983 wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru nde o laati hooreejo lesdi Shehu Shagari bana tergal lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN). == Caggal golle == Ekwueme tawtoraama batu doosɗe leydi (NCC) hitaande 1995 to Abuja, ɗo o woni e Goomu njuɓɓudi e njuɓɓudi doosɗe leydi. Eɓɓooje maako mawɗe ɗe o waɗi haa NCC ngam heɓuki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya dow ko laarani jokkirgol lesdi Naajeeriya dow ko laarani lesdi Naajeeriya, jooni ɗon mari haaje jaɓuki ngam jogaago siyaasaaku Naajeeriya cemmbiɗɗum. Ekwueme mooɓi kawtal 34 mawɓe Naajeeriya'en ɓe ɗon mari bawɗe ngam ɓe ndarna laamu lesdi Naajeeriya Sani Abacha wakkati laamu sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya. Ko kanko woni hooreejo sosɗo lannda laamu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, kanko kadi ko kanko woni hooreejo gadano e fedde toppitiinde ko feewti e lannda. Ekwueme ko neɗɗo moƴƴo, golloowo laamu, neɗɗo jam.[15] O jeyaa ko e yiilirde fedde wiyeteende « Forum des fédérations » to Kanadaa. O woniino kadi tergal e Diiso Mawɓe Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Hirnaange Afrik (CEDEAO). Ekwueme wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde nde Institut National Démocratique (NDI) moofti ngam yuurnitaade ko adii wooteeji ngam wooteeji parlemaa to Zimbaabwee e hitaande 2000.[16] Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde ƴeewooɓe Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) e woote hooreleydaagu e parlemaa Tansani e hitaande 2000. Ekwueme ardii fedde ƴeewooɓe 28 tergal nde NDI/Carter Centre wallitnoo e wooteeji ɗiɗaɓi hooreejo leydi Liberiya e hitaande 2070[17]5. Ko ɓuri ɓadaade Dr Ekwueme noddiraama e lannda laamu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya ngam ardaade goomu nguu ngam ardaade goomu nguu e nder njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, caggal nde lannda ka heɓiino jokkere enɗam hakkunde lannda ka e caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi. == Tiitooɗe e teddungal == Ekwueme woni Ide laamu Oko nder diiwal Anambra, ɗo miñiiko gorko, porfeseer Lazarus Ekwueme, laami bana laamiiɗo aada. O teddinaama kadi e kawtal laamɓe aadaaji nder Aguata ɓooymaare bana Ide nokkuure laamu nokkuure Aguata nder jiha Anambra hawti bee gure cappanɗe nayi (44).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Life & times of Alex Ekwueme, first elected Vice President, Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=https://nairametrics.com/2017/11/20/life-times-alex-ekwueme-first-elected-vice-president-federal-republic-nigeria/|last=Ohwovoriole|first=Onome|date=2017-11-20|website=Nairametrics|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-24}}</ref> Statue Dr Alex Ekwueme to diiwaan Owerri Imo O teddinaama e teddungal leydi Gine e Niiseer, teddungal ɗiɗaɓal ɓurngal toowde e nder leydi hee, hono teddungal mawngal e nder leydi Niiseer (GCON). Doktoor Ekwueme ko moƴƴo e balloowo "Fondaasiyoŋ Alex Ekwueme". Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde fedde Alex Ekwueme Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, diiwaan Ebonyi, inniraa ko innde makko e maayde makko Cukko hooreejo leydi Yemi Osinbajo siftinii gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Alex Ekwueme wonde mo hulaani, kadi ko o baawɗo wonde fof." diktatoor nder balɗe mum ɓurɗe niɓɓiɗde e hulɓinaade e nder daartol leydi Naajeeriya O waɗii heen geɗe keewɗe ngam wartugol demokaraasi e hitaande 1999,” Osinbajo wiyi. == Tuugnorgal == br391hyjn4vfgqzxb0i0o4vaq7bfgq3 177099 177093 2026-06-28T19:40:06Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alexander Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme''' // c GCON (21 Oktoobar 1932 – 19 Noowammbar 2017) ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya mo laati cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya arandeejo cuɓaaɗo diga hitaande 1979 haa 1983 wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru les lesdi Naajeeriya Shehu Shagari bana me Par. == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Alex Ekwueme jibinaa ko e jibnaaɓe Igbo to wuro Oko, e nder diiwaan Anambra hannde oo ñalnde 21 oktoobar 1932. O maayi ko ñalnde 19 noowammbar 2017 waktu 22ɓo kikiiɗe to suudu safrirdu to Londres. O fotnoo ko fiyde toon caggal nde o arti e komaa mo o yani e mum sabu dogde e hoɗorde makko Enugu. == Jaangirde == Ekwueme fuɗɗii jaŋde leslesre to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Anglikan St John, to Ekwulobia, caggal ɗuum o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, to Lagos. Ko o keɓɗo bursi Fulbright to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik (ko o gooto e Naajeeriyankooɓe adanɓe heɓde njeenaari ndii), O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Washington ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji makko e Architecture e peewnugol gure. O heɓi master makko ko e peewnugol wuro. Dr. Ekwueme heɓi kadi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres to bannge ganndal renndo, daartol, filosofi e sariya. O yahi caggal ɗuum haa o heɓi doktoraa makko. e nder Architecture to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Strathclyde, hade makko heɓde dipolomaaji BL (teddungal) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sariya leydi Najeriya. == Fuɗɗoode golle == Ekwueme ko mahoowo tedduɗo. O fuɗɗii golle makko ko e ballondiral e mahngo e nder fedde wiyeteende Leo A. Daly e Associates, e nder fedde wiyeteende Nickson e Partners to Londres. Nde o arti Naajeeriya, o naati e ESSO Afrik hirnaange, Lagos, omo toppitii departemaa mahngo e toppitagol. Ndeen o yahi haa o sosi njulaagu keeriiɗo e nder fedde makko - Ekwueme Associates, Architects e Planners Town, fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore nde wonaa laamuyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɗon mari semmbe bee ofisji 16 haa lesdi Naajeeriya fuu, nden o ɗon mari haaje heɓuki Ekwueme ngam heɓuki kuugal hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Ekwueme ardinooma duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya e kawtal binnditagol architects leydi Naajeeriya. O woniino hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e njuɓɓudi (Institut d'architectes) leydi Nijeer. Ko adii nde Ekwueme heɓata limngal lesdi e nder duuniyaaru bana cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1979, o ɗonno huuda bee cemmbiɗinki rento-faggudu rento maako. Ko jiidaa e golle makko keewɗe ɗe o golli e nder renndo makko, Ekwueme fuɗɗiima fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore (Educational Trust Fund) nde o gollotoo ngam wallitde jaŋde sukaaɓe teemedde keewɗe e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde e nder leydi Najeriya e caggal leydi. Ekwueme wonnoo ko tergal e goomu toppitiingu koɗki e nder Komiseer ƴeewndo njoɓdi e njoɓdi Adebo. O golliima kadi duuɓi keewɗi e nder njuɓɓudi laamu ƴellitaare koɗki e nder leydi Anambra To bannge ngenndi. == Cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya == Ekwueme woni cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya arandeejo cuɓaaɗo diga hitaande 1979 haa 1983 wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru nde o laati hooreejo lesdi Shehu Shagari bana tergal lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN). == Caggal golle == Ekwueme tawtoraama batu doosɗe leydi (NCC) hitaande 1995 to Abuja, ɗo o woni e Goomu njuɓɓudi e njuɓɓudi doosɗe leydi. Eɓɓooje maako mawɗe ɗe o waɗi haa NCC ngam heɓuki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya dow ko laarani jokkirgol lesdi Naajeeriya dow ko laarani lesdi Naajeeriya, jooni ɗon mari haaje jaɓuki ngam jogaago siyaasaaku Naajeeriya cemmbiɗɗum. Ekwueme mooɓi kawtal 34 mawɓe Naajeeriya'en ɓe ɗon mari bawɗe ngam ɓe ndarna laamu lesdi Naajeeriya Sani Abacha wakkati laamu sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya. Ko kanko woni hooreejo sosɗo lannda laamu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, kanko kadi ko kanko woni hooreejo gadano e fedde toppitiinde ko feewti e lannda. Ekwueme ko neɗɗo moƴƴo, golloowo laamu, neɗɗo jam. O jeyaa ko e yiilirde fedde wiyeteende « Forum des fédérations » to Kanadaa. O woniino kadi tergal e Diiso Mawɓe Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Hirnaange Afrik (CEDEAO). Ekwueme wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde nde Institut National Démocratique (NDI) moofti ngam yuurnitaade ko adii wooteeji ngam wooteeji parlemaa to Zimbaabwee e hitaande 2000.[16] Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde ƴeewooɓe Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) e woote hooreleydaagu e parlemaa Tansani e hitaande 2000. Ekwueme ardii fedde ƴeewooɓe 28 tergal nde NDI/Carter Centre wallitnoo e wooteeji ɗiɗaɓi hooreejo leydi Liberiya e hitaande 2070[17]5. Ko ɓuri ɓadaade Dr Ekwueme noddiraama e lannda laamu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya ngam ardaade goomu nguu ngam ardaade goomu nguu e nder njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, caggal nde lannda ka heɓiino jokkere enɗam hakkunde lannda ka e caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi. == Tiitooɗe e teddungal == Ekwueme woni Ide laamu Oko nder diiwal Anambra, ɗo miñiiko gorko, porfeseer Lazarus Ekwueme, laami bana laamiiɗo aada. O teddinaama kadi e kawtal laamɓe aadaaji nder Aguata ɓooymaare bana Ide nokkuure laamu nokkuure Aguata nder jiha Anambra hawti bee gure cappanɗe nayi (44).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Life & times of Alex Ekwueme, first elected Vice President, Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=https://nairametrics.com/2017/11/20/life-times-alex-ekwueme-first-elected-vice-president-federal-republic-nigeria/|last=Ohwovoriole|first=Onome|date=2017-11-20|website=Nairametrics|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-24}}</ref> Statue Dr Alex Ekwueme to diiwaan Owerri Imo O teddinaama e teddungal leydi Gine e Niiseer, teddungal ɗiɗaɓal ɓurngal toowde e nder leydi hee, hono teddungal mawngal e nder leydi Niiseer (GCON). Doktoor Ekwueme ko moƴƴo e balloowo "Fondaasiyoŋ Alex Ekwueme". Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde fedde Alex Ekwueme Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, diiwaan Ebonyi, inniraa ko innde makko e maayde makko Cukko hooreejo leydi Yemi Osinbajo siftinii gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Alex Ekwueme wonde mo hulaani, kadi ko o baawɗo wonde fof." diktatoor nder balɗe mum ɓurɗe niɓɓiɗde e hulɓinaade e nder daartol leydi Naajeeriya O waɗii heen geɗe keewɗe ngam wartugol demokaraasi e hitaande 1999,” Osinbajo wiyi. == Tuugnorgal == 8z82xwlgcb4mofe6hkio3vqdquvi30q 0 42739 177096 2026-06-28T15:48:19Z MOIBARDE 10068 Created page with "{{Databox}}Mallam '''Aminu Kano''' HeɗorGCON[1] (9 lewru bowte hitaande 1920 — 17 lewru abriil hitaande 1983) ko dawriyanke, jannginoowo, yimoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji, e senndikaajo jeyaaɗo to Kano. Gooto nder yimɓe ɓurduɓe anndugo nder diidaaɗi ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya e taariiha siyaasaaku ɓaawo ndimu ndimu, o anndiraama ngam luulndaaki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, laamu laamiiɓe aadaaji, e soynde potal ummatoore nder woyla Naajeeriya. O woniino sosɗo Dental Ƴell..." 177096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Mallam '''Aminu Kano''' HeɗorGCON[1] (9 lewru bowte hitaande 1920 — 17 lewru abriil hitaande 1983) ko dawriyanke, jannginoowo, yimoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji, e senndikaajo jeyaaɗo to Kano. Gooto nder yimɓe ɓurduɓe anndugo nder diidaaɗi ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya e taariiha siyaasaaku ɓaawo ndimu ndimu, o anndiraama ngam luulndaaki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, laamu laamiiɓe aadaaji, e soynde potal ummatoore nder woyla Naajeeriya. O woniino sosɗo Dental Ƴellitaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange (NEPU) caggal ɗuum o ardii lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP), kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe lanndaaji sosiyaalist en, daraniiɓe ndimaagu talakawa (commons) e nder leydi Najeriya.[2][3][4][5][6] Aminu fuɗɗorii golle mum ko jannginoowo, o yalti ko e ƴaañde laamu koloñaal Angalteer gila e fuɗɗoode, o luulndii aristokraasi jibinannde e yeeso yimɓe fof, o ñiŋii laamu koloñaal nguu, ngu woni ko e tooñde e huutoraade talakawa en. E hitaande 1948, o sosi Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange, fedde gollotooɓe e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, o wonti tergal sosngal Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC), nde o woppi caggal ɗuum sabu jokkere enɗam mum. Ko o hooreejo NEPU gila 1953, o daranii sosiyaalisma demokaraasi, hakkeeji rewɓe, e doole talakawa, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e kuule lislaam e nuunɗal renndo.[4] O huwi nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1959 nden o waɗi kuuɗe ministaajo nder wakkati sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o laati Komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya les laamu Yakubu Gowon. Ko o depitee parlemaa e nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Aminu Kano ina wallitnoo dille ndimaagu e nder Afrik, ina ƴellita politik caggal leydi mo aldaa e paltoor. O arti caggal mum e politik lannda e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓere, o woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP.[4] Aminu Kano, mo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɗon laara bana waylugo gite, o acci limngal duumingal nder miijo siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya. Juɓɓule inniraaɗe e teddungal makko ina njeyaa heen: Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Mallam Aminu Kano, opitaal jannginoowo Aminu Kano, e koleesuuji keewɗi e nokkuuji wiɗto. O limtaama nder baaba'en sosɓe lesdi Naajeeriya hannde, nden o ɗon mari maande ngam nuunɗal rento e kuuɗe ɗen.[4][7] ==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol== Aminu Kano jibinaa ko e nder wuro Sudawa to Kano ñalnde 9 ut 1920 e Rakaiya e Mallam Yusufu mo Gyanawa, leñol Fulɓe anndiraaɓe e humpito mum en e sariyaaji lislaam.[6][8]: 274 E nder jibinannde yumma makko jeegom, ko kanko tan woni jibinannde Bo5 janngi no feewi e Lislaam, baaba makko caggal mum woni mawɗo Alkali Kano. Neene makko rokkaama tiitoonde Fulani Modibbo, nde heewi wonde ko annduɓe lislaam tedduɓe.[9]: 330 E wiyde aadaaji nokku oo, Usman dan Fodio, sosɗo Kalifaandi Sokoto, kanko e hoore makko o toɗɗii banndiiko Aminos e jappeere chiefkali. Gila ndeen, Gyanawa en ina ɗaɓɓiree jogaade jappeere laamu ko wayi no alkaliiji, waliiji e muftiiji Leñol yumma Aminu kadi ina joginoo worɓe e rewɓe jannguɓe heewɓe, ummoriiɓe e teeminanɗe. Ko kamɓe ngoni Fulɓe egguɓe gila Kukawa e nder laamu Bornu, fayde Kano.[8]: 274 [13]: 1:15 Ina jeyaa e maɓɓe mallam gooto, wonnooɗo wasiyaaji keertiiɗi to Emir Kano e oon sahaa, hono Sulimanu. Oo mallam ina joginoo hoore mum e reende e yeeyde ƴiye, o dañi innde Mallam Mai Tattabari (‘mallam jom ƴiye’). Ndee innde wonti tiitoonde laawɗunde e nder galle laamorɗo Kano, nde artiraa e lomtiiɓe mo, nde wonnoo ko Imaam en e wasiyaaji e sariyaaji lislaam.[10]: 27 Nde o woni cukalel, Aminu fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e jannginooɓe makko adanɓe ko yumma makko e neene makko, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njanngini mo ɗemngal Arab e no o janngirta Quraana.[12]: 100 [14] Caggal nde yumma makko maayi e hitaande 1926,[4] o ummii e galle kaaw makko, o hoɗi e les galle kaaw makko ha ton. Ndeen noon, Halilu, kaaw makko mo caggal mum toɗɗaa ‘Mallam Mai Tattabari’, wonti kalfinaaɗo jaŋde makko Quraana.[10]: 41–43 [15]: 243 Aminu ɓeydii winnditaade e duɗal leslesal Shehuci, duɗal hirnaange Engele.[8]: 276 [15]: 243 O ƴetti innde nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, Kano, ko innde makko, ko ɗum huunde woowaande e nder jannguɓe hirnaange to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e oon sahaa.[16]: 604 E hitaande 1933, Aminu fuɗɗii yahde duɗal hakkundeewal Kano (caggal ɗuum innitiraa ko duɗal Rumfa, Kano), duɗal gonngal hakkunde yimɓe. Ko ɗoon, e hitaande 1935, o ardii gooto e seppooji almudɓe gadani e nder leydi Nijeer ngam ŋakkeende saabunde, ŋakkeende nguura, "kuule keewɗe, e koɗki jikkuuji tiiɗɗi".[10]: 48–49 Ndeen o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna (caggal ɗuum o wayli innde makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa) ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa 1942.[8]: 276 [15]: 243 [17]. lyhstyrt3ma9hgsp7bg2grmmuu0nlg9 0 42740 177100 2026-06-28T19:58:01Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Bello Hassan Shinkafi''' HeɗtoR ko o dawriyanke Naajeeriya jeyaaɗo to diiwaan Zamfara.  Ko kanko woni tergal golloowo e suudu sarɗiiji fedde Shinkafi/Zurmi e nder suudu sarɗiiji gila 2019 e les njiimaandi Kongres (APC)<ref>{{Cite web|title=ShineYourEye|url=https://www.shineyoureye.org/person/bello-hassan-shinkafi|access-date=2025-01-07|website=www.shineyoureye.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=https://nass.go..." 177100 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bello Hassan Shinkafi''' HeɗtoR ko o dawriyanke Naajeeriya jeyaaɗo to diiwaan Zamfara.  Ko kanko woni tergal golloowo e suudu sarɗiiji fedde Shinkafi/Zurmi e nder suudu sarɗiiji gila 2019 e les njiimaandi Kongres (APC)<ref>{{Cite web|title=ShineYourEye|url=https://www.shineyoureye.org/person/bello-hassan-shinkafi|access-date=2025-01-07|website=www.shineyoureye.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/473|access-date=2025-01-07|website=nass.gov.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Legislator Details - ConsTrack Track and Report on Governement Funded Projects in Nigeria|url=https://www.constrack.ng/legislator_details?id=358|access-date=2025-01-07|website=www.constrack.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2024-01-19|title=Zamfara Speaker condoles fed lawmaker Bello Shinkafi over death of brother|url=https://www.mediasmartsnews.com/zamfara-speaker-condoles-fed-lawmaker-bello-shinkafi-over-death-of-brother/|access-date=2025-01-07|website=Mediasmarts News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=David|date=2024-05-14|title=Zamfara: Over 500 People in Bandit Captivity in Zurmi: House Member|url=https://thesun.ng/zamfara-over-500-people-in-bandit-captivity-in-zurmi-house-member/?amp|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-07|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 1zju51v35f17n7znka3uy3muy269ql6 0 42741 177102 2026-06-28T20:05:47Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Akaki ko maayo''' wonngo e caka Addis Abeba, to leydi Ecoppi. Ko caaɗngol ñaamo maayo Awash. Maayo Akaki ina waɗi kadi maayo ɓurngo mawnude e nder Addis Abeba, laamorgo leydi Ecoppi. Kono heewɓe teskaaki ɗum sabu ɓuuɓol ladde teddungol ngol ina suddii ɗum, e ŋakkeende nafoore mum no feewi nde tawnoo ina ŋakki e kullon ladde maayo no woorunoo, tee leɗɗe ɗee ina keewi tan ko huɗo e saraaji maayo walla leɗɗe e daande maayo. Maayooji ɗiɗi tokoosi ina..." 177102 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akaki ko maayo''' wonngo e caka Addis Abeba, to leydi Ecoppi. Ko caaɗngol ñaamo maayo Awash. Maayo Akaki ina waɗi kadi maayo ɓurngo mawnude e nder Addis Abeba, laamorgo leydi Ecoppi. Kono heewɓe teskaaki ɗum sabu ɓuuɓol ladde teddungol ngol ina suddii ɗum, e ŋakkeende nafoore mum no feewi nde tawnoo ina ŋakki e kullon ladde maayo no woorunoo, tee leɗɗe ɗee ina keewi tan ko huɗo e saraaji maayo walla leɗɗe e daande maayo. Maayooji ɗiɗi tokoosi ina kawri e Akaki to nokku ɓuuɓɗo Aba-Samuel.[3] Ɗeeɗoo maayooji ɗiɗi ko Akaki tokooso e Akaki mawɗo; arano oo woni ko bannge hirnaange Akaki, ɗiɗaɓo oo woni ko bannge fuɗnaange. == Cuuɗi == Wuro Addis Abeba waɗi Akaki ko nokku mum ɗo mbuuɗu heɓetee. Ɗum ina addana yimɓe teeru hoɗɓe e saraaji wuro ngoo e baasal nde tawnoo Akaki ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam njareteeɗam wonande ɓe. == Kullon ladde == Akaki ina waɗi nafoore mawnde e leƴƴi colli keewɗi. Birdlife International hollitii wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Akaki–Aba-Samuel ɗii ko nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ngam ƴellitde mbaydiiji colli gonɗi e ndunngu. Leyɗeele ɓutte ɗee ina nganndaa ina mbaawi wallitde fotde 20 000 colli ndiyam.<ref>"Akaki River". Gadaa. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2013.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == 13eoh0nj8g2hy6aawpguve6ejegd5c7 177103 177102 2026-06-28T20:06:08Z Nnamadee 11577 177103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akaki ko maayo''' wonngo e caka Addis Abeba, to leydi Ecoppi. Ko caaɗngol ñaamo maayo Awash. Maayo Akaki ina waɗi kadi maayo ɓurngo mawnude e nder Addis Abeba, laamorgo leydi Ecoppi. Kono heewɓe teskaaki ɗum sabu ɓuuɓol ladde teddungol ngol ina suddii ɗum, e ŋakkeende nafoore mum no feewi nde tawnoo ina ŋakki e kullon ladde maayo no woorunoo, tee leɗɗe ɗee ina keewi tan ko huɗo e saraaji maayo walla leɗɗe e daande maayo. Maayooji ɗiɗi tokoosi ina kawri e Akaki to nokku ɓuuɓɗo Aba-Samuel.[3] Ɗeeɗoo maayooji ɗiɗi ko Akaki tokooso e Akaki mawɗo; arano oo woni ko bannge hirnaange Akaki, ɗiɗaɓo oo woni ko bannge fuɗnaange. == Cuuɗi == Wuro Addis Abeba waɗi Akaki ko nokku mum ɗo mbuuɗu heɓetee. Ɗum ina addana yimɓe teeru hoɗɓe e saraaji wuro ngoo e baasal nde tawnoo Akaki ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam njareteeɗam wonande ɓe. == Kullon ladde == Akaki ina waɗi nafoore mawnde e leƴƴi colli keewɗi. Birdlife International hollitii wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Akaki–Aba-Samuel ɗii ko nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ngam ƴellitde mbaydiiji colli gonɗi e ndunngu. Leyɗeele ɓutte ɗee ina nganndaa ina mbaawi wallitde fotde 20 000 colli ndiyam.<ref>"Akaki River". Gadaa. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2013.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == g6426qs8yt2z3kw62z63l5e90xoine2 177104 177103 2026-06-28T20:06:51Z Nnamadee 11577 177104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akaki ko maayo''' wonngo e caka Addis Abeba, to leydi Ecoppi. Ko caaɗngol ñaamo maayo Awash. Maayo Akaki ina waɗi kadi maayo ɓurngo mawnude e nder Addis Abeba, laamorgo leydi Ecoppi. Kono heewɓe teskaaki ɗum sabu ɓuuɓol ladde teddungol ngol ina suddii ɗum, e ŋakkeende nafoore mum no feewi nde tawnoo ina ŋakki e kullon ladde maayo no woorunoo, tee leɗɗe ɗee ina keewi tan ko huɗo e saraaji maayo walla leɗɗe e daande maayo. Maayooji ɗiɗi tokoosi ina kawri e Akaki to nokku ɓuuɓɗo Aba-Samuel.<ref name=":0" /> Ɗeeɗoo maayooji ɗiɗi ko Akaki tokooso e Akaki mawɗo; arano oo woni ko bannge hirnaange Akaki, ɗiɗaɓo oo woni ko bannge fuɗnaange. == Cuuɗi == Wuro Addis Abeba waɗi Akaki ko nokku mum ɗo mbuuɗu heɓetee. Ɗum ina addana yimɓe teeru hoɗɓe e saraaji wuro ngoo e baasal nde tawnoo Akaki ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam njareteeɗam wonande ɓe. == Kullon ladde == Akaki ina waɗi nafoore mawnde e leƴƴi colli keewɗi. Birdlife International hollitii wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Akaki–Aba-Samuel ɗii ko nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ngam ƴellitde mbaydiiji colli gonɗi e ndunngu. Leyɗeele ɓutte ɗee ina nganndaa ina mbaawi wallitde fotde 20 000 colli ndiyam.<ref name=":0">"Akaki River". Gadaa. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2013.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == qwqlw6z84kxsqe699ofcagnapcerjnd 177105 177104 2026-06-28T20:07:57Z Nnamadee 11577 177105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akaki ko maayo''' wonngo e caka Addis Abeba, to leydi Ecoppi. Ko caaɗngol ñaamo maayo Awash. '''Maayo Akaki''' ina waɗi kadi maayo ɓurngo mawnude e nder Addis Abeba, laamorgo leydi Ecoppi. Kono heewɓe teskaaki ɗum sabu ɓuuɓol ladde teddungol ngol ina suddii ɗum, e ŋakkeende nafoore mum no feewi nde tawnoo ina ŋakki e kullon ladde maayo no woorunoo, tee leɗɗe ɗee ina keewi tan ko huɗo e saraaji maayo walla leɗɗe e daande maayo. Maayooji ɗiɗi tokoosi ina kawri e Akaki to nokku ɓuuɓɗo Aba-Samuel.<ref name=":0" /> Ɗeeɗoo maayooji ɗiɗi ko Akaki tokooso e Akaki mawɗo; arano oo woni ko bannge hirnaange Akaki, ɗiɗaɓo oo woni ko bannge fuɗnaange. == Cuuɗi == Wuro Addis Abeba waɗi Akaki ko nokku mum ɗo mbuuɗu heɓetee. Ɗum ina addana yimɓe teeru hoɗɓe e saraaji wuro ngoo e baasal nde tawnoo Akaki ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam njareteeɗam wonande ɓe. == Kullon ladde == Akaki ina waɗi nafoore mawnde e leƴƴi colli keewɗi. Birdlife International hollitii wonde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Akaki–Aba-Samuel ɗii ko nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ngam ƴellitde mbaydiiji colli gonɗi e ndunngu. Leyɗeele ɓutte ɗee ina nganndaa ina mbaawi wallitde fotde 20 000 colli ndiyam.<ref name=":0">"Akaki River". Gadaa. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2013.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == q23k2qxuiuxxv5g259vdchhf4cs115t 0 42742 177106 2026-06-28T20:09:31Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "Sani Umar Dan-Galadima laati siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati wakiiliijo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati wakiiliijo lesdi Naajeeriya nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lawal|first=Kayode|date=2022-11-21|title=2023: Abuja court sacks Zamfara PDP House of Reps candidate|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/11/21/2023-abuja-court-sacks-zamfara-pdp-house-of-reps-candidate/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-07|newspaper=Daily Post (Nigeria)|..." 177106 wikitext text/x-wiki Sani Umar Dan-Galadima laati siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati wakiiliijo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati wakiiliijo lesdi Naajeeriya nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lawal|first=Kayode|date=2022-11-21|title=2023: Abuja court sacks Zamfara PDP House of Reps candidate|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/11/21/2023-abuja-court-sacks-zamfara-pdp-house-of-reps-candidate/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-07|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=ABOLADE|first=Lukman|date=2020-11-24|title=Pension Fraud: Court summons Reps member, Dangaladima over bail of Maina's son|url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/pension-fraud-court-summons-reps-member-dangaladima-over-bail-of-mainas-son/|access-date=2025-01-07|website=The ICIR- Latest News, Politics, Governance, Elections, Investigation, Factcheck, Covid-19|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Adesomoju|first=Ade|date=2020-11-25|title=Rep member Dangaladima appears in court over Maina's son 'disappearance'|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-rep-member-dangaladima-appears-in-court-over-mainas-son-disappearance/|access-date=2025-01-07|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=November 24, 2020|title=Court revokes Faisal Maina's bail, issues warrant for his arrest|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/427797-court-revokes-faisal-mainas-bail-issues-warrant-for-his-arrest.html?tztc=1|access-date=2025-01-07|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Citizen Science Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/umar-sani-dan-galadima|access-date=2025-01-07|website=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 835ajubrfh6qd5wcwp9x3yl7z3iiubl 177107 177106 2026-06-28T20:12:39Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Sani Umar Dan-Galadima laati siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati wakiiliijo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati wakiiliijo lesdi Naajeeriya nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lawal|first=Kayode|date=2022-11-21|title=2023: Abuja court sacks Zamfara PDP House of Reps candidate|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/11/21/2023-abuja-court-sacks-zamfara-pdp-house-of-reps-candidate/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-07|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=ABOLADE|first=Lukman|date=2020-11-24|title=Pension Fraud: Court summons Reps member, Dangaladima over bail of Maina's son|url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/pension-fraud-court-summons-reps-member-dangaladima-over-bail-of-mainas-son/|access-date=2025-01-07|website=The ICIR- Latest News, Politics, Governance, Elections, Investigation, Factcheck, Covid-19|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Adesomoju|first=Ade|date=2020-11-25|title=Rep member Dangaladima appears in court over Maina's son 'disappearance'|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-rep-member-dangaladima-appears-in-court-over-mainas-son-disappearance/|access-date=2025-01-07|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=November 24, 2020|title=Court revokes Faisal Maina's bail, issues warrant for his arrest|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/427797-court-revokes-faisal-mainas-bail-issues-warrant-for-his-arrest.html?tztc=1|access-date=2025-01-07|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Citizen Science Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/umar-sani-dan-galadima|access-date=2025-01-07|website=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> t94ybe5hl9o9laslok9i3a0u8llbvfg 0 42743 177108 2026-06-28T20:18:36Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Ikra Aliyu Bilbis''' ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O wonii hannde senaateer lomtotooɗo diiwaan Zamfara worgo e nder asaambele ngenndi 10ɓo e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zamfara Central senatorial seat: Ex- minister Bilbis floors Marafa|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/04/16/zamfara-central-senatorial-seat-ex-minister-bilbis-floors-marafa/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-18|language=en-US|newspaper=[[P.M. News]]..." 177108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikra Aliyu Bilbis''' ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O wonii hannde senaateer lomtotooɗo diiwaan Zamfara worgo e nder asaambele ngenndi 10ɓo e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zamfara Central senatorial seat: Ex- minister Bilbis floors Marafa|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/04/16/zamfara-central-senatorial-seat-ex-minister-bilbis-floors-marafa/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-18|language=en-US|newspaper=[[P.M. News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Altine|first=Maiharaji|date=2023-04-16|title=PDP's Bilbis wins Zamfara central senatorial seat|url=https://punchng.com/pdps-bilbis-wins-zamfara-central-senatorial-seat/|access-date=2025-01-18|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Mohammed|first=Umar|date=2023-04-16|title=PDP's Bilbis Defeats Marafa In Zamfara Central Senatorial Election|url=https://leadership.ng/pdps-bilbis-defeats-marafa-in-zamfara-central-senatorial-election/|access-date=2025-01-18|language=en-US|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref>O woniino jaagorgal kumpital to leydi Najeriya .[4] == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 8gkp4rdgz3hlgrcnztckp2ruumjobx4 177109 177108 2026-06-28T20:26:36Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Ikra Aliyu Bilbis''' ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O wonii hannde senaateer lomtotooɗo diiwaan Zamfara worgo e nder asaambele ngenndi 10ɓo e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zamfara Central senatorial seat: Ex- minister Bilbis floors Marafa|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/04/16/zamfara-central-senatorial-seat-ex-minister-bilbis-floors-marafa/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-18|language=en-US|newspaper=[[P.M. News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Altine|first=Maiharaji|date=2023-04-16|title=PDP's Bilbis wins Zamfara central senatorial seat|url=https://punchng.com/pdps-bilbis-wins-zamfara-central-senatorial-seat/|access-date=2025-01-18|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Mohammed|first=Umar|date=2023-04-16|title=PDP's Bilbis Defeats Marafa In Zamfara Central Senatorial Election|url=https://leadership.ng/pdps-bilbis-defeats-marafa-in-zamfara-central-senatorial-election/|access-date=2025-01-18|language=en-US|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref>O woniino jaagorgal kumpital to leydi Najeriya .[4] == Tuugnorgal == <references /> s8pze3u3o26szn2e8dgkuy9my7wlbtx 0 42744 177110 2026-06-28T20:34:34Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Maayo Atbarah''' (aarabeeɓe: نهر عطبرة; firo: Nahr 'Atbarah), wiyeteeɗo kadi Niil boɗeejo e/walla Niil ɓaleejo, ko maayo wonngo e worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik. Nde ummotoo ko to worgo-fuɗnaange Ecoppi, ko ina wona 50 km to fuɗnaange maayo Tana e 30 km to fuɗnaange Gondar. Ndeen nde rewata ko hedde 805 km (500 miil) faade maayo Niil to worgo-caka Sudaan, nde hawri e wuro wiyeteengo Atbarah (17,677°N 33,970°E). Ko maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata, hono maayo Tekezé (Se..." 177110 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Atbarah''' (aarabeeɓe: نهر عطبرة; firo: Nahr 'Atbarah), wiyeteeɗo kadi Niil boɗeejo e/walla Niil ɓaleejo, ko maayo wonngo e worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik. Nde ummotoo ko to worgo-fuɗnaange Ecoppi, ko ina wona 50 km to fuɗnaange maayo Tana e 30 km to fuɗnaange Gondar. Ndeen nde rewata ko hedde 805 km (500 miil) faade maayo Niil to worgo-caka Sudaan, nde hawri e wuro wiyeteengo Atbarah (17,677°N 33,970°E). Ko maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata, hono maayo Tekezé (Setit), ina gasa tawa ko ngo woni goonga e dow Atbarah, sibu Tekezé ina rewi laawol ɓurngol juutde hade mum hawrude e maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii (to 14° 10' N, 36° E) to fuɗnaange-rewo Sudaan. Atbarah ko maayo Niil cakkitiingo hade mum yettaade Mediteraane. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande ndee, ko seeɗa tan ko weendu. Kono e nder sahaa toɓo (ko ɓuri heewde e lewru sulyee haa oktoobar), Atbarah ina ummoo fotde 18 ft (5 m) dow tolno mum no woorunoo. E oo sahaa, ina waɗi keeri kulɓiniiɗi hakkunde diiwanuuji worgo e hakkundeeji diiwaan Amhara to Ecoppi. Gaa gaa Tekezé, ɓulli goɗɗi teeŋtuɗi e nder maayo Atbarah ina jeyaa heen maayo Shinfa ummortoongo fuɗnaange maayo Tana, e Angereb mawɗo mo iwdi mum woni fuɗnaange wuro Gondar. == Tariya == Siftorde Atbarah ɓurnde ɓooyde ko Strabon (16.4.8), inniri maayo ngoo Astaboras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβόρας).[1] Winndooɓe ɓooyɓe woɗɓe ciftorɓe innde ndee ina njeyaa heen Agatarkides, inniri ɗum Astabaras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβάρας),[1] e Ptolemy (Geographie 4.7).[2] Richard Pankhurst e woɗɓe mbiyi wonde innde ndee ina foti faamreede ko "Maayo leñol Boras", ɗo asta waawi jokkondirde e asti "ndiyam" Proto-Nubiyanke,[1] tawi -boras ina waawi jokkondirde e limoore alkule Roomnaaɓe e leñol ina wiyee Bora (Bera), hoɗnoongol saraaji]G another Meroe,[3]. Μεγάβαροι e ɗemngal Eratosten e Strabon, e ɗemngal Latin: Megabarri e ɗemngal Plinius mawɗo).[1] Plinius mawɗo oo rokkii etimoloji Astaboras seeɗa, o wiyi wonde « e ɗemngal yimɓe nokku oo » innde ndee firti ko « ndiyam ummortooɗam e ɓuuɓri les » (N.H. 5.10). E lewru abriil 1898 hare mawnde waɗii sara maayo ngoo e nder njiimaandi Angalteer-Misra e Sudaan 1896–1899 hakkunde konu Mahdist en e konu Angalteer-Misra e gardagol Lord Kitchener, ɗum waɗi halkaare 20 000 Mahdist.<ref>Winston Churchill (1899). The River War Volume 1. Longmans. p. 416 Chapter XIII.</ref> E hitaande 1964, maayo ngoo damnaama e baraas Khashm el-Girba sara Kassala to Sudan ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro keso ngo Halfa Dughaym mahaa e nder diiwaan goɗɗo mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa joorɗo e ngam hoɗde yimɓe Sudannaaɓe ɓe baraas mawɗo Aswan riiwi e nder falnde Niode k000 fuɗnaange Misra e worgo Sudaan.[5] Pewnugol eɓɓaande baraas ɗiɗmo fotde 1,9 miliyaar dolaar fotde 20 km dow ɗo maayo Atbara toowngo e maayo Setit kawri, baraas Rumela e Burdana, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011, ko hooreejo leydi Omar al-Bashir udditi ɗum e lewru feebariyee 2017.[6] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == Hakindo lewru (1912–1982) Atbarah fotnoo ko hedde 25 km dow hunduko mum, fotnoo ko m3/s:[7] == Tuugnorgal == 9sljvan6htiy7aiqbcwo8h5mehmbibe 177111 177110 2026-06-28T20:35:10Z Nnamadee 11577 177111 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Atbarah''' (aarabeeɓe: نهر عطبرة; firo: Nahr 'Atbarah), wiyeteeɗo kadi Niil boɗeejo e/walla Niil ɓaleejo, ko maayo wonngo e worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik. Nde ummotoo ko to worgo-fuɗnaange Ecoppi, ko ina wona 50 km to fuɗnaange maayo Tana e 30 km to fuɗnaange Gondar. Ndeen nde rewata ko hedde 805 km (500 miil) faade maayo Niil to worgo-caka Sudaan, nde hawri e wuro wiyeteengo Atbarah (17,677°N 33,970°E). Ko maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata, hono maayo Tekezé (Setit), ina gasa tawa ko ngo woni goonga e dow Atbarah, sibu Tekezé ina rewi laawol ɓurngol juutde hade mum hawrude e maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii (to 14° 10' N, 36° E) to fuɗnaange-rewo Sudaan. Atbarah ko maayo Niil cakkitiingo hade mum yettaade Mediteraane. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande ndee, ko seeɗa tan ko weendu. Kono e nder sahaa toɓo (ko ɓuri heewde e lewru sulyee haa oktoobar), Atbarah ina ummoo fotde 18 ft (5 m) dow tolno mum no woorunoo. E oo sahaa, ina waɗi keeri kulɓiniiɗi hakkunde diiwanuuji worgo e hakkundeeji diiwaan Amhara to Ecoppi. Gaa gaa Tekezé, ɓulli goɗɗi teeŋtuɗi e nder maayo Atbarah ina jeyaa heen maayo Shinfa ummortoongo fuɗnaange maayo Tana, e Angereb mawɗo mo iwdi mum woni fuɗnaange wuro Gondar. == Tariya == Siftorde Atbarah ɓurnde ɓooyde ko Strabon (16.4.8), inniri maayo ngoo Astaboras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβόρας).<ref>Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Winndooɓe ɓooyɓe woɗɓe ciftorɓe innde ndee ina njeyaa heen Agatarkides, inniri ɗum Astabaras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβάρας),[1] e Ptolemy (Geographie 4.7).[2] Richard Pankhurst e woɗɓe mbiyi wonde innde ndee ina foti faamreede ko "Maayo leñol Boras", ɗo asta waawi jokkondirde e asti "ndiyam" Proto-Nubiyanke,[1] tawi -boras ina waawi jokkondirde e limoore alkule Roomnaaɓe e leñol ina wiyee Bora (Bera), hoɗnoongol saraaji]G another Meroe,[3]. Μεγάβαροι e ɗemngal Eratosten e Strabon, e ɗemngal Latin: Megabarri e ɗemngal Plinius mawɗo).[1] Plinius mawɗo oo rokkii etimoloji Astaboras seeɗa, o wiyi wonde « e ɗemngal yimɓe nokku oo » innde ndee firti ko « ndiyam ummortooɗam e ɓuuɓri les » (N.H. 5.10). E lewru abriil 1898 hare mawnde waɗii sara maayo ngoo e nder njiimaandi Angalteer-Misra e Sudaan 1896–1899 hakkunde konu Mahdist en e konu Angalteer-Misra e gardagol Lord Kitchener, ɗum waɗi halkaare 20 000 Mahdist.<ref>Winston Churchill (1899). The River War Volume 1. Longmans. p. 416 Chapter XIII.</ref> E hitaande 1964, maayo ngoo damnaama e baraas Khashm el-Girba sara Kassala to Sudan ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro keso ngo Halfa Dughaym mahaa e nder diiwaan goɗɗo mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa joorɗo e ngam hoɗde yimɓe Sudannaaɓe ɓe baraas mawɗo Aswan riiwi e nder falnde Niode k000 fuɗnaange Misra e worgo Sudaan.[5] Pewnugol eɓɓaande baraas ɗiɗmo fotde 1,9 miliyaar dolaar fotde 20 km dow ɗo maayo Atbara toowngo e maayo Setit kawri, baraas Rumela e Burdana, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011, ko hooreejo leydi Omar al-Bashir udditi ɗum e lewru feebariyee 2017.[6] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == Hakindo lewru (1912–1982) Atbarah fotnoo ko hedde 25 km dow hunduko mum, fotnoo ko m3/s:[7] == Tuugnorgal == iztt1escjhivxtthy0ebkkrth4hbgbj 177112 177111 2026-06-28T20:35:37Z Nnamadee 11577 177112 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Atbarah''' (aarabeeɓe: نهر عطبرة; firo: Nahr 'Atbarah), wiyeteeɗo kadi Niil boɗeejo e/walla Niil ɓaleejo, ko maayo wonngo e worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik. Nde ummotoo ko to worgo-fuɗnaange Ecoppi, ko ina wona 50 km to fuɗnaange maayo Tana e 30 km to fuɗnaange Gondar. Ndeen nde rewata ko hedde 805 km (500 miil) faade maayo Niil to worgo-caka Sudaan, nde hawri e wuro wiyeteengo Atbarah (17,677°N 33,970°E). Ko maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata, hono maayo Tekezé (Setit), ina gasa tawa ko ngo woni goonga e dow Atbarah, sibu Tekezé ina rewi laawol ɓurngol juutde hade mum hawrude e maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii (to 14° 10' N, 36° E) to fuɗnaange-rewo Sudaan. Atbarah ko maayo Niil cakkitiingo hade mum yettaade Mediteraane. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande ndee, ko seeɗa tan ko weendu. Kono e nder sahaa toɓo (ko ɓuri heewde e lewru sulyee haa oktoobar), Atbarah ina ummoo fotde 18 ft (5 m) dow tolno mum no woorunoo. E oo sahaa, ina waɗi keeri kulɓiniiɗi hakkunde diiwanuuji worgo e hakkundeeji diiwaan Amhara to Ecoppi. Gaa gaa Tekezé, ɓulli goɗɗi teeŋtuɗi e nder maayo Atbarah ina jeyaa heen maayo Shinfa ummortoongo fuɗnaange maayo Tana, e Angereb mawɗo mo iwdi mum woni fuɗnaange wuro Gondar. == Tariya == Siftorde Atbarah ɓurnde ɓooyde ko Strabon (16.4.8), inniri maayo ngoo Astaboras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβόρας).<ref>Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Winndooɓe ɓooyɓe woɗɓe ciftorɓe innde ndee ina njeyaa heen Agatarkides, inniri ɗum Astabaras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβάρας),[1] e Ptolemy (Geographie 4.7).[2] Richard Pankhurst e woɗɓe mbiyi wonde innde ndee ina foti faamreede ko "Maayo leñol Boras", ɗo asta waawi jokkondirde e asti "ndiyam" Proto-Nubiyanke,[1] tawi -boras ina waawi jokkondirde e limoore alkule Roomnaaɓe e leñol ina wiyee Bora (Bera), hoɗnoongol saraaji]G another Meroe,<ref>"LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2013-12-10.</ref> Μεγάβαροι e ɗemngal Eratosten e Strabon, e ɗemngal Latin: Megabarri e ɗemngal Plinius mawɗo).[1] Plinius mawɗo oo rokkii etimoloji Astaboras seeɗa, o wiyi wonde « e ɗemngal yimɓe nokku oo » innde ndee firti ko « ndiyam ummortooɗam e ɓuuɓri les » (N.H. 5.10). E lewru abriil 1898 hare mawnde waɗii sara maayo ngoo e nder njiimaandi Angalteer-Misra e Sudaan 1896–1899 hakkunde konu Mahdist en e konu Angalteer-Misra e gardagol Lord Kitchener, ɗum waɗi halkaare 20 000 Mahdist.<ref>Winston Churchill (1899). The River War Volume 1. Longmans. p. 416 Chapter XIII.</ref> E hitaande 1964, maayo ngoo damnaama e baraas Khashm el-Girba sara Kassala to Sudan ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro keso ngo Halfa Dughaym mahaa e nder diiwaan goɗɗo mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa joorɗo e ngam hoɗde yimɓe Sudannaaɓe ɓe baraas mawɗo Aswan riiwi e nder falnde Niode k000 fuɗnaange Misra e worgo Sudaan.[5] Pewnugol eɓɓaande baraas ɗiɗmo fotde 1,9 miliyaar dolaar fotde 20 km dow ɗo maayo Atbara toowngo e maayo Setit kawri, baraas Rumela e Burdana, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011, ko hooreejo leydi Omar al-Bashir udditi ɗum e lewru feebariyee 2017.[6] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == Hakindo lewru (1912–1982) Atbarah fotnoo ko hedde 25 km dow hunduko mum, fotnoo ko m3/s:[7] == Tuugnorgal == eraxmx7uvctf0q51hn2wga4wmfygwyf 177113 177112 2026-06-28T20:36:00Z Nnamadee 11577 177113 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Atbarah''' (aarabeeɓe: نهر عطبرة; firo: Nahr 'Atbarah), wiyeteeɗo kadi Niil boɗeejo e/walla Niil ɓaleejo, ko maayo wonngo e worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik. Nde ummotoo ko to worgo-fuɗnaange Ecoppi, ko ina wona 50 km to fuɗnaange maayo Tana e 30 km to fuɗnaange Gondar. Ndeen nde rewata ko hedde 805 km (500 miil) faade maayo Niil to worgo-caka Sudaan, nde hawri e wuro wiyeteengo Atbarah (17,677°N 33,970°E). Ko maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata, hono maayo Tekezé (Setit), ina gasa tawa ko ngo woni goonga e dow Atbarah, sibu Tekezé ina rewi laawol ɓurngol juutde hade mum hawrude e maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii (to 14° 10' N, 36° E) to fuɗnaange-rewo Sudaan. Atbarah ko maayo Niil cakkitiingo hade mum yettaade Mediteraane. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande ndee, ko seeɗa tan ko weendu. Kono e nder sahaa toɓo (ko ɓuri heewde e lewru sulyee haa oktoobar), Atbarah ina ummoo fotde 18 ft (5 m) dow tolno mum no woorunoo. E oo sahaa, ina waɗi keeri kulɓiniiɗi hakkunde diiwanuuji worgo e hakkundeeji diiwaan Amhara to Ecoppi. Gaa gaa Tekezé, ɓulli goɗɗi teeŋtuɗi e nder maayo Atbarah ina jeyaa heen maayo Shinfa ummortoongo fuɗnaange maayo Tana, e Angereb mawɗo mo iwdi mum woni fuɗnaange wuro Gondar. == Tariya == Siftorde Atbarah ɓurnde ɓooyde ko Strabon (16.4.8), inniri maayo ngoo Astaboras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβόρας).<ref name=":0">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Winndooɓe ɓooyɓe woɗɓe ciftorɓe innde ndee ina njeyaa heen Agatarkides, inniri ɗum Astabaras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβάρας),<ref name=":0" /> e Ptolemy (Geographie 4.7).[2] Richard Pankhurst e woɗɓe mbiyi wonde innde ndee ina foti faamreede ko "Maayo leñol Boras", ɗo asta waawi jokkondirde e asti "ndiyam" Proto-Nubiyanke,[1] tawi -boras ina waawi jokkondirde e limoore alkule Roomnaaɓe e leñol ina wiyee Bora (Bera), hoɗnoongol saraaji]G another Meroe,<ref>"LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2013-12-10.</ref> Μεγάβαροι e ɗemngal Eratosten e Strabon, e ɗemngal Latin: Megabarri e ɗemngal Plinius mawɗo).[1] Plinius mawɗo oo rokkii etimoloji Astaboras seeɗa, o wiyi wonde « e ɗemngal yimɓe nokku oo » innde ndee firti ko « ndiyam ummortooɗam e ɓuuɓri les » (N.H. 5.10). E lewru abriil 1898 hare mawnde waɗii sara maayo ngoo e nder njiimaandi Angalteer-Misra e Sudaan 1896–1899 hakkunde konu Mahdist en e konu Angalteer-Misra e gardagol Lord Kitchener, ɗum waɗi halkaare 20 000 Mahdist.<ref>Winston Churchill (1899). The River War Volume 1. Longmans. p. 416 Chapter XIII.</ref> E hitaande 1964, maayo ngoo damnaama e baraas Khashm el-Girba sara Kassala to Sudan ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro keso ngo Halfa Dughaym mahaa e nder diiwaan goɗɗo mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa joorɗo e ngam hoɗde yimɓe Sudannaaɓe ɓe baraas mawɗo Aswan riiwi e nder falnde Niode k000 fuɗnaange Misra e worgo Sudaan.[5] Pewnugol eɓɓaande baraas ɗiɗmo fotde 1,9 miliyaar dolaar fotde 20 km dow ɗo maayo Atbara toowngo e maayo Setit kawri, baraas Rumela e Burdana, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011, ko hooreejo leydi Omar al-Bashir udditi ɗum e lewru feebariyee 2017.[6] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == Hakindo lewru (1912–1982) Atbarah fotnoo ko hedde 25 km dow hunduko mum, fotnoo ko m3/s:[7] == Tuugnorgal == 1s4xixikmu6qtokexti3mmq28s8wjnb 177114 177113 2026-06-28T20:36:25Z Nnamadee 11577 177114 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Atbarah''' (aarabeeɓe: نهر عطبرة; firo: Nahr 'Atbarah), wiyeteeɗo kadi Niil boɗeejo e/walla Niil ɓaleejo, ko maayo wonngo e worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik. Nde ummotoo ko to worgo-fuɗnaange Ecoppi, ko ina wona 50 km to fuɗnaange maayo Tana e 30 km to fuɗnaange Gondar. Ndeen nde rewata ko hedde 805 km (500 miil) faade maayo Niil to worgo-caka Sudaan, nde hawri e wuro wiyeteengo Atbarah (17,677°N 33,970°E). Ko maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata, hono maayo Tekezé (Setit), ina gasa tawa ko ngo woni goonga e dow Atbarah, sibu Tekezé ina rewi laawol ɓurngol juutde hade mum hawrude e maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii (to 14° 10' N, 36° E) to fuɗnaange-rewo Sudaan. Atbarah ko maayo Niil cakkitiingo hade mum yettaade Mediteraane. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande ndee, ko seeɗa tan ko weendu. Kono e nder sahaa toɓo (ko ɓuri heewde e lewru sulyee haa oktoobar), Atbarah ina ummoo fotde 18 ft (5 m) dow tolno mum no woorunoo. E oo sahaa, ina waɗi keeri kulɓiniiɗi hakkunde diiwanuuji worgo e hakkundeeji diiwaan Amhara to Ecoppi. Gaa gaa Tekezé, ɓulli goɗɗi teeŋtuɗi e nder maayo Atbarah ina jeyaa heen maayo Shinfa ummortoongo fuɗnaange maayo Tana, e Angereb mawɗo mo iwdi mum woni fuɗnaange wuro Gondar. == Tariya == Siftorde Atbarah ɓurnde ɓooyde ko Strabon (16.4.8), inniri maayo ngoo Astaboras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβόρας).<ref name=":0">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Winndooɓe ɓooyɓe woɗɓe ciftorɓe innde ndee ina njeyaa heen Agatarkides, inniri ɗum Astabaras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβάρας),<ref name=":0" /> e Ptolemy (Geographie 4.7).[2] Richard Pankhurst e woɗɓe mbiyi wonde innde ndee ina foti faamreede ko "Maayo leñol Boras", ɗo asta waawi jokkondirde e asti "ndiyam" Proto-Nubiyanke,<ref name=":0" /> tawi -boras ina waawi jokkondirde e limoore alkule Roomnaaɓe e leñol ina wiyee Bora (Bera), hoɗnoongol saraaji]G another Meroe,<ref>"LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2013-12-10.</ref> Μεγάβαροι e ɗemngal Eratosten e Strabon, e ɗemngal Latin: Megabarri e ɗemngal Plinius mawɗo).[1] Plinius mawɗo oo rokkii etimoloji Astaboras seeɗa, o wiyi wonde « e ɗemngal yimɓe nokku oo » innde ndee firti ko « ndiyam ummortooɗam e ɓuuɓri les » (N.H. 5.10). E lewru abriil 1898 hare mawnde waɗii sara maayo ngoo e nder njiimaandi Angalteer-Misra e Sudaan 1896–1899 hakkunde konu Mahdist en e konu Angalteer-Misra e gardagol Lord Kitchener, ɗum waɗi halkaare 20 000 Mahdist.<ref>Winston Churchill (1899). The River War Volume 1. Longmans. p. 416 Chapter XIII.</ref> E hitaande 1964, maayo ngoo damnaama e baraas Khashm el-Girba sara Kassala to Sudan ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro keso ngo Halfa Dughaym mahaa e nder diiwaan goɗɗo mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa joorɗo e ngam hoɗde yimɓe Sudannaaɓe ɓe baraas mawɗo Aswan riiwi e nder falnde Niode k000 fuɗnaange Misra e worgo Sudaan.[5] Pewnugol eɓɓaande baraas ɗiɗmo fotde 1,9 miliyaar dolaar fotde 20 km dow ɗo maayo Atbara toowngo e maayo Setit kawri, baraas Rumela e Burdana, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011, ko hooreejo leydi Omar al-Bashir udditi ɗum e lewru feebariyee 2017.[6] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == Hakindo lewru (1912–1982) Atbarah fotnoo ko hedde 25 km dow hunduko mum, fotnoo ko m3/s:[7] == Tuugnorgal == ak2kvxrk188oboutdt0un4ifi6sn6p0 177115 177114 2026-06-28T20:36:54Z Nnamadee 11577 177115 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Atbarah''' (aarabeeɓe: نهر عطبرة; firo: Nahr 'Atbarah), wiyeteeɗo kadi Niil boɗeejo e/walla Niil ɓaleejo, ko maayo wonngo e worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik. Nde ummotoo ko to worgo-fuɗnaange Ecoppi, ko ina wona 50 km to fuɗnaange maayo Tana e 30 km to fuɗnaange Gondar. Ndeen nde rewata ko hedde 805 km (500 miil) faade maayo Niil to worgo-caka Sudaan, nde hawri e wuro wiyeteengo Atbarah (17,677°N 33,970°E). Ko maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata, hono maayo Tekezé (Setit), ina gasa tawa ko ngo woni goonga e dow Atbarah, sibu Tekezé ina rewi laawol ɓurngol juutde hade mum hawrude e maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii (to 14° 10' N, 36° E) to fuɗnaange-rewo Sudaan. Atbarah ko maayo Niil cakkitiingo hade mum yettaade Mediteraane. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande ndee, ko seeɗa tan ko weendu. Kono e nder sahaa toɓo (ko ɓuri heewde e lewru sulyee haa oktoobar), Atbarah ina ummoo fotde 18 ft (5 m) dow tolno mum no woorunoo. E oo sahaa, ina waɗi keeri kulɓiniiɗi hakkunde diiwanuuji worgo e hakkundeeji diiwaan Amhara to Ecoppi. Gaa gaa Tekezé, ɓulli goɗɗi teeŋtuɗi e nder maayo Atbarah ina jeyaa heen maayo Shinfa ummortoongo fuɗnaange maayo Tana, e Angereb mawɗo mo iwdi mum woni fuɗnaange wuro Gondar. == Tariya == Siftorde Atbarah ɓurnde ɓooyde ko Strabon (16.4.8), inniri maayo ngoo Astaboras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβόρας).<ref name=":0">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Winndooɓe ɓooyɓe woɗɓe ciftorɓe innde ndee ina njeyaa heen Agatarkides, inniri ɗum Astabaras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβάρας),<ref name=":0" /> e Ptolemy (Geographie 4.7).[2] Richard Pankhurst e woɗɓe mbiyi wonde innde ndee ina foti faamreede ko "Maayo leñol Boras", ɗo asta waawi jokkondirde e asti "ndiyam" Proto-Nubiyanke,<ref name=":0" /> tawi -boras ina waawi jokkondirde e limoore alkule Roomnaaɓe e leñol ina wiyee Bora (Bera), hoɗnoongol saraaji]G another Meroe,<ref>"LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2013-12-10.</ref> Μεγάβαροι e ɗemngal Eratosten e Strabon, e ɗemngal Latin: Megabarri e ɗemngal Plinius mawɗo).<ref name=":0" /> Plinius mawɗo oo rokkii etimoloji Astaboras seeɗa, o wiyi wonde « e ɗemngal yimɓe nokku oo » innde ndee firti ko « ndiyam ummortooɗam e ɓuuɓri les » (N.H. 5.10). E lewru abriil 1898 hare mawnde waɗii sara maayo ngoo e nder njiimaandi Angalteer-Misra e Sudaan 1896–1899 hakkunde konu Mahdist en e konu Angalteer-Misra e gardagol Lord Kitchener, ɗum waɗi halkaare 20 000 Mahdist.<ref>Winston Churchill (1899). The River War Volume 1. Longmans. p. 416 Chapter XIII.</ref> E hitaande 1964, maayo ngoo damnaama e baraas Khashm el-Girba sara Kassala to Sudan ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro keso ngo Halfa Dughaym mahaa e nder diiwaan goɗɗo mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa joorɗo e ngam hoɗde yimɓe Sudannaaɓe ɓe baraas mawɗo Aswan riiwi e nder falnde Niode k000 fuɗnaange Misra e worgo Sudaan.[5] Pewnugol eɓɓaande baraas ɗiɗmo fotde 1,9 miliyaar dolaar fotde 20 km dow ɗo maayo Atbara toowngo e maayo Setit kawri, baraas Rumela e Burdana, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011, ko hooreejo leydi Omar al-Bashir udditi ɗum e lewru feebariyee 2017.[6] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == Hakindo lewru (1912–1982) Atbarah fotnoo ko hedde 25 km dow hunduko mum, fotnoo ko m3/s:[7] == Tuugnorgal == 2qri8m2siorm9pd6je3jjtimdpmp03s 177116 177115 2026-06-28T20:37:24Z Nnamadee 11577 177116 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Atbarah''' (aarabeeɓe: نهر عطبرة; firo: Nahr 'Atbarah), wiyeteeɗo kadi Niil boɗeejo e/walla Niil ɓaleejo, ko maayo wonngo e worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik. Nde ummotoo ko to worgo-fuɗnaange Ecoppi, ko ina wona 50 km to fuɗnaange maayo Tana e 30 km to fuɗnaange Gondar. Ndeen nde rewata ko hedde 805 km (500 miil) faade maayo Niil to worgo-caka Sudaan, nde hawri e wuro wiyeteengo Atbarah (17,677°N 33,970°E). Ko maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata, hono maayo Tekezé (Setit), ina gasa tawa ko ngo woni goonga e dow Atbarah, sibu Tekezé ina rewi laawol ɓurngol juutde hade mum hawrude e maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii (to 14° 10' N, 36° E) to fuɗnaange-rewo Sudaan. Atbarah ko maayo Niil cakkitiingo hade mum yettaade Mediteraane. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande ndee, ko seeɗa tan ko weendu. Kono e nder sahaa toɓo (ko ɓuri heewde e lewru sulyee haa oktoobar), Atbarah ina ummoo fotde 18 ft (5 m) dow tolno mum no woorunoo. E oo sahaa, ina waɗi keeri kulɓiniiɗi hakkunde diiwanuuji worgo e hakkundeeji diiwaan Amhara to Ecoppi. Gaa gaa Tekezé, ɓulli goɗɗi teeŋtuɗi e nder maayo Atbarah ina jeyaa heen maayo Shinfa ummortoongo fuɗnaange maayo Tana, e Angereb mawɗo mo iwdi mum woni fuɗnaange wuro Gondar. == Tariya == Siftorde Atbarah ɓurnde ɓooyde ko Strabon (16.4.8), inniri maayo ngoo Astaboras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβόρας).<ref name=":0">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Winndooɓe ɓooyɓe woɗɓe ciftorɓe innde ndee ina njeyaa heen Agatarkides, inniri ɗum Astabaras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβάρας),<ref name=":0" /> e Ptolemy (Geographie 4.7).[2] Richard Pankhurst e woɗɓe mbiyi wonde innde ndee ina foti faamreede ko "Maayo leñol Boras", ɗo asta waawi jokkondirde e asti "ndiyam" Proto-Nubiyanke,<ref name=":0" /> tawi -boras ina waawi jokkondirde e limoore alkule Roomnaaɓe e leñol ina wiyee Bora (Bera), hoɗnoongol saraaji]G another Meroe,<ref>"LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2013-12-10.</ref> Μεγάβαροι e ɗemngal Eratosten e Strabon, e ɗemngal Latin: Megabarri e ɗemngal Plinius mawɗo).<ref name=":0" /> Plinius mawɗo oo rokkii etimoloji Astaboras seeɗa, o wiyi wonde « e ɗemngal yimɓe nokku oo » innde ndee firti ko « ndiyam ummortooɗam e ɓuuɓri les » (N.H. 5.10). E lewru abriil 1898 hare mawnde waɗii sara maayo ngoo e nder njiimaandi Angalteer-Misra e Sudaan 1896–1899 hakkunde konu Mahdist en e konu Angalteer-Misra e gardagol Lord Kitchener, ɗum waɗi halkaare 20 000 Mahdist.<ref>Winston Churchill (1899). The River War Volume 1. Longmans. p. 416 Chapter XIII.</ref> E hitaande 1964, maayo ngoo damnaama e baraas Khashm el-Girba sara Kassala to Sudan ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro keso ngo Halfa Dughaym mahaa e nder diiwaan goɗɗo mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa joorɗo e ngam hoɗde yimɓe Sudannaaɓe ɓe baraas mawɗo Aswan riiwi e nder falnde Niode k000 fuɗnaange Misra e worgo Sudaan.<ref>Hurni, Hans; Tato, Kebede; Zeleke, Gete (May 2005). "The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia". Mountain Research and Development. 25 (2): 147–154. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0276-4741.</ref> Pewnugol eɓɓaande baraas ɗiɗmo fotde 1,9 miliyaar dolaar fotde 20 km dow ɗo maayo Atbara toowngo e maayo Setit kawri, baraas Rumela e Burdana, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011, ko hooreejo leydi Omar al-Bashir udditi ɗum e lewru feebariyee 2017.[6] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == Hakindo lewru (1912–1982) Atbarah fotnoo ko hedde 25 km dow hunduko mum, fotnoo ko m3/s:[7] == Tuugnorgal == tmq26vve6c2ave9gtaqytcvx8v1elew 177117 177116 2026-06-28T20:37:46Z Nnamadee 11577 177117 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Atbarah''' (aarabeeɓe: نهر عطبرة; firo: Nahr 'Atbarah), wiyeteeɗo kadi Niil boɗeejo e/walla Niil ɓaleejo, ko maayo wonngo e worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik. Nde ummotoo ko to worgo-fuɗnaange Ecoppi, ko ina wona 50 km to fuɗnaange maayo Tana e 30 km to fuɗnaange Gondar. Ndeen nde rewata ko hedde 805 km (500 miil) faade maayo Niil to worgo-caka Sudaan, nde hawri e wuro wiyeteengo Atbarah (17,677°N 33,970°E). Ko maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata, hono maayo Tekezé (Setit), ina gasa tawa ko ngo woni goonga e dow Atbarah, sibu Tekezé ina rewi laawol ɓurngol juutde hade mum hawrude e maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii (to 14° 10' N, 36° E) to fuɗnaange-rewo Sudaan. Atbarah ko maayo Niil cakkitiingo hade mum yettaade Mediteraane. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande ndee, ko seeɗa tan ko weendu. Kono e nder sahaa toɓo (ko ɓuri heewde e lewru sulyee haa oktoobar), Atbarah ina ummoo fotde 18 ft (5 m) dow tolno mum no woorunoo. E oo sahaa, ina waɗi keeri kulɓiniiɗi hakkunde diiwanuuji worgo e hakkundeeji diiwaan Amhara to Ecoppi. Gaa gaa Tekezé, ɓulli goɗɗi teeŋtuɗi e nder maayo Atbarah ina jeyaa heen maayo Shinfa ummortoongo fuɗnaange maayo Tana, e Angereb mawɗo mo iwdi mum woni fuɗnaange wuro Gondar. == Tariya == Siftorde Atbarah ɓurnde ɓooyde ko Strabon (16.4.8), inniri maayo ngoo Astaboras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβόρας).<ref name=":0">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Winndooɓe ɓooyɓe woɗɓe ciftorɓe innde ndee ina njeyaa heen Agatarkides, inniri ɗum Astabaras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβάρας),<ref name=":0" /> e Ptolemy (Geographie 4.7).[2] Richard Pankhurst e woɗɓe mbiyi wonde innde ndee ina foti faamreede ko "Maayo leñol Boras", ɗo asta waawi jokkondirde e asti "ndiyam" Proto-Nubiyanke,<ref name=":0" /> tawi -boras ina waawi jokkondirde e limoore alkule Roomnaaɓe e leñol ina wiyee Bora (Bera), hoɗnoongol saraaji]G another Meroe,<ref>"LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2013-12-10.</ref> Μεγάβαροι e ɗemngal Eratosten e Strabon, e ɗemngal Latin: Megabarri e ɗemngal Plinius mawɗo).<ref name=":0" /> Plinius mawɗo oo rokkii etimoloji Astaboras seeɗa, o wiyi wonde « e ɗemngal yimɓe nokku oo » innde ndee firti ko « ndiyam ummortooɗam e ɓuuɓri les » (N.H. 5.10). E lewru abriil 1898 hare mawnde waɗii sara maayo ngoo e nder njiimaandi Angalteer-Misra e Sudaan 1896–1899 hakkunde konu Mahdist en e konu Angalteer-Misra e gardagol Lord Kitchener, ɗum waɗi halkaare 20 000 Mahdist.<ref>Winston Churchill (1899). The River War Volume 1. Longmans. p. 416 Chapter XIII.</ref> E hitaande 1964, maayo ngoo damnaama e baraas Khashm el-Girba sara Kassala to Sudan ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro keso ngo Halfa Dughaym mahaa e nder diiwaan goɗɗo mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa joorɗo e ngam hoɗde yimɓe Sudannaaɓe ɓe baraas mawɗo Aswan riiwi e nder falnde Niode k000 fuɗnaange Misra e worgo Sudaan.<ref>Hurni, Hans; Tato, Kebede; Zeleke, Gete (May 2005). "The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia". Mountain Research and Development. 25 (2): 147–154. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0276-4741.</ref> Pewnugol eɓɓaande baraas ɗiɗmo fotde 1,9 miliyaar dolaar fotde 20 km dow ɗo maayo Atbara toowngo e maayo Setit kawri, baraas Rumela e Burdana, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011, ko hooreejo leydi Omar al-Bashir udditi ɗum e lewru feebariyee 2017.<ref>Gregory B. Poindexter (2 February 2017). "Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project". HydroWorld. Retrieved 4 November 2018.</ref> == Hidrolooji ndiyam == Hakindo lewru (1912–1982) Atbarah fotnoo ko hedde 25 km dow hunduko mum, fotnoo ko m3/s:[7] == Tuugnorgal == bvfswe9tngrbv8ly7ecncij9cggivn1 177118 177117 2026-06-28T20:38:14Z Nnamadee 11577 177118 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Atbarah''' (aarabeeɓe: نهر عطبرة; firo: Nahr 'Atbarah), wiyeteeɗo kadi Niil boɗeejo e/walla Niil ɓaleejo, ko maayo wonngo e worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik. Nde ummotoo ko to worgo-fuɗnaange Ecoppi, ko ina wona 50 km to fuɗnaange maayo Tana e 30 km to fuɗnaange Gondar. Ndeen nde rewata ko hedde 805 km (500 miil) faade maayo Niil to worgo-caka Sudaan, nde hawri e wuro wiyeteengo Atbarah (17,677°N 33,970°E). Ko maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata, hono maayo Tekezé (Setit), ina gasa tawa ko ngo woni goonga e dow Atbarah, sibu Tekezé ina rewi laawol ɓurngol juutde hade mum hawrude e maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii (to 14° 10' N, 36° E) to fuɗnaange-rewo Sudaan. Atbarah ko maayo Niil cakkitiingo hade mum yettaade Mediteraane. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande ndee, ko seeɗa tan ko weendu. Kono e nder sahaa toɓo (ko ɓuri heewde e lewru sulyee haa oktoobar), Atbarah ina ummoo fotde 18 ft (5 m) dow tolno mum no woorunoo. E oo sahaa, ina waɗi keeri kulɓiniiɗi hakkunde diiwanuuji worgo e hakkundeeji diiwaan Amhara to Ecoppi. Gaa gaa Tekezé, ɓulli goɗɗi teeŋtuɗi e nder maayo Atbarah ina jeyaa heen maayo Shinfa ummortoongo fuɗnaange maayo Tana, e Angereb mawɗo mo iwdi mum woni fuɗnaange wuro Gondar. == Tariya == Siftorde Atbarah ɓurnde ɓooyde ko Strabon (16.4.8), inniri maayo ngoo Astaboras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβόρας).<ref name=":0">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Winndooɓe ɓooyɓe woɗɓe ciftorɓe innde ndee ina njeyaa heen Agatarkides, inniri ɗum Astabaras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβάρας),<ref name=":0" /> e Ptolemy (Geographie 4.7).[2] Richard Pankhurst e woɗɓe mbiyi wonde innde ndee ina foti faamreede ko "Maayo leñol Boras", ɗo asta waawi jokkondirde e asti "ndiyam" Proto-Nubiyanke,<ref name=":0" /> tawi -boras ina waawi jokkondirde e limoore alkule Roomnaaɓe e leñol ina wiyee Bora (Bera), hoɗnoongol saraaji]G another Meroe,<ref>"LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2013-12-10.</ref> Μεγάβαροι e ɗemngal Eratosten e Strabon, e ɗemngal Latin: Megabarri e ɗemngal Plinius mawɗo).<ref name=":0" /> Plinius mawɗo oo rokkii etimoloji Astaboras seeɗa, o wiyi wonde « e ɗemngal yimɓe nokku oo » innde ndee firti ko « ndiyam ummortooɗam e ɓuuɓri les » (N.H. 5.10). E lewru abriil 1898 hare mawnde waɗii sara maayo ngoo e nder njiimaandi Angalteer-Misra e Sudaan 1896–1899 hakkunde konu Mahdist en e konu Angalteer-Misra e gardagol Lord Kitchener, ɗum waɗi halkaare 20 000 Mahdist.<ref>Winston Churchill (1899). The River War Volume 1. Longmans. p. 416 Chapter XIII.</ref> E hitaande 1964, maayo ngoo damnaama e baraas Khashm el-Girba sara Kassala to Sudan ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro keso ngo Halfa Dughaym mahaa e nder diiwaan goɗɗo mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa joorɗo e ngam hoɗde yimɓe Sudannaaɓe ɓe baraas mawɗo Aswan riiwi e nder falnde Niode k000 fuɗnaange Misra e worgo Sudaan.<ref>Hurni, Hans; Tato, Kebede; Zeleke, Gete (May 2005). "The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia". Mountain Research and Development. 25 (2): 147–154. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0276-4741.</ref> Pewnugol eɓɓaande baraas ɗiɗmo fotde 1,9 miliyaar dolaar fotde 20 km dow ɗo maayo Atbara toowngo e maayo Setit kawri, baraas Rumela e Burdana, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011, ko hooreejo leydi Omar al-Bashir udditi ɗum e lewru feebariyee 2017.<ref>Gregory B. Poindexter (2 February 2017). "Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project". HydroWorld. Retrieved 4 November 2018.</ref> == Hidrolooji ndiyam == Hakindo lewru (1912–1982) Atbarah fotnoo ko hedde 25 km dow hunduko mum, fotnoo ko m3/s:<ref>"Nile - Kilo 3". University of New Hampshire. 2000-02-26.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == m9f0knqzip4d4s07ddtkfjxn6bkl5an 177119 177118 2026-06-28T20:38:32Z Nnamadee 11577 177119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Atbarah''' (aarabeeɓe: نهر عطبرة; firo: Nahr 'Atbarah), wiyeteeɗo kadi Niil boɗeejo e/walla Niil ɓaleejo, ko maayo wonngo e worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik. Nde ummotoo ko to worgo-fuɗnaange Ecoppi, ko ina wona 50 km to fuɗnaange maayo Tana e 30 km to fuɗnaange Gondar. Ndeen nde rewata ko hedde 805 km (500 miil) faade maayo Niil to worgo-caka Sudaan, nde hawri e wuro wiyeteengo Atbarah (17,677°N 33,970°E). Ko maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata, hono maayo Tekezé (Setit), ina gasa tawa ko ngo woni goonga e dow Atbarah, sibu Tekezé ina rewi laawol ɓurngol juutde hade mum hawrude e maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii (to 14° 10' N, 36° E) to fuɗnaange-rewo Sudaan. Atbarah ko maayo Niil cakkitiingo hade mum yettaade Mediteraane. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande ndee, ko seeɗa tan ko weendu. Kono e nder sahaa toɓo (ko ɓuri heewde e lewru sulyee haa oktoobar), Atbarah ina ummoo fotde 18 ft (5 m) dow tolno mum no woorunoo. E oo sahaa, ina waɗi keeri kulɓiniiɗi hakkunde diiwanuuji worgo e hakkundeeji diiwaan Amhara to Ecoppi. Gaa gaa Tekezé, ɓulli goɗɗi teeŋtuɗi e nder maayo Atbarah ina jeyaa heen maayo Shinfa ummortoongo fuɗnaange maayo Tana, e Angereb mawɗo mo iwdi mum woni fuɗnaange wuro Gondar. == Tariya == Siftorde Atbarah ɓurnde ɓooyde ko Strabon (16.4.8), inniri maayo ngoo Astaboras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβόρας).<ref name=":0">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Winndooɓe ɓooyɓe woɗɓe ciftorɓe innde ndee ina njeyaa heen Agatarkides, inniri ɗum Astabaras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβάρας),<ref name=":0" /> e Ptolemy (Geographie 4.7).[2] Richard Pankhurst e woɗɓe mbiyi wonde innde ndee ina foti faamreede ko "Maayo leñol Boras", ɗo asta waawi jokkondirde e asti "ndiyam" Proto-Nubiyanke,<ref name=":0" /> tawi -boras ina waawi jokkondirde e limoore alkule Roomnaaɓe e leñol ina wiyee Bora (Bera), hoɗnoongol saraaji]G another Meroe,<ref>"LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2013-12-10.</ref> Μεγάβαροι e ɗemngal Eratosten e Strabon, e ɗemngal Latin: Megabarri e ɗemngal Plinius mawɗo).<ref name=":0" /> Plinius mawɗo oo rokkii etimoloji Astaboras seeɗa, o wiyi wonde « e ɗemngal yimɓe nokku oo » innde ndee firti ko « ndiyam ummortooɗam e ɓuuɓri les » (N.H. 5.10). E lewru abriil 1898 hare mawnde waɗii sara maayo ngoo e nder njiimaandi Angalteer-Misra e Sudaan 1896–1899 hakkunde konu Mahdist en e konu Angalteer-Misra e gardagol Lord Kitchener, ɗum waɗi halkaare 20 000 Mahdist.<ref>Winston Churchill (1899). The River War Volume 1. Longmans. p. 416 Chapter XIII.</ref> E hitaande 1964, maayo ngoo damnaama e baraas Khashm el-Girba sara Kassala to Sudan ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro keso ngo Halfa Dughaym mahaa e nder diiwaan goɗɗo mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa joorɗo e ngam hoɗde yimɓe Sudannaaɓe ɓe baraas mawɗo Aswan riiwi e nder falnde Niode k000 fuɗnaange Misra e worgo Sudaan.<ref>Hurni, Hans; Tato, Kebede; Zeleke, Gete (May 2005). "The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia". Mountain Research and Development. 25 (2): 147–154. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0276-4741.</ref> Pewnugol eɓɓaande baraas ɗiɗmo fotde 1,9 miliyaar dolaar fotde 20 km dow ɗo maayo Atbara toowngo e maayo Setit kawri, baraas Rumela e Burdana, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011, ko hooreejo leydi Omar al-Bashir udditi ɗum e lewru feebariyee 2017.<ref>Gregory B. Poindexter (2 February 2017). "Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project". HydroWorld. Retrieved 4 November 2018.</ref> == Hidrolooji ndiyam == Hakindo lewru (1912–1982) Atbarah fotnoo ko hedde 25 km dow hunduko mum, fotnoo ko m3/s:<ref>"Nile - Kilo 3". University of New Hampshire. 2000-02-26.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == 6w1jpcupq3u2dmtpr6mo67ulssakrp3 177120 177119 2026-06-28T20:41:22Z Nnamadee 11577 177120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Atbarah''' (aarabeeɓe: نهر عطبرة; firo: Nahr 'Atbarah), wiyeteeɗo kadi Niil boɗeejo e/walla Niil ɓaleejo, ko maayo wonngo e worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik. Nde ummotoo ko to worgo-fuɗnaange Ecoppi, ko ina wona 50 km to fuɗnaange maayo Tana e 30 km to fuɗnaange Gondar. Ndeen nde rewata ko hedde 805 km (500 miil) faade maayo Niil to worgo-caka Sudaan, nde hawri e wuro wiyeteengo Atbarah (17,677°N 33,970°E). Ko maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata, hono maayo Tekezé (Setit), ina gasa tawa ko ngo woni goonga e dow Atbarah, sibu Tekezé ina rewi laawol ɓurngol juutde hade mum hawrude e maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii (to 14° 10' N, 36° E) to fuɗnaange-rewo Sudaan. Atbarah ko maayo Niil cakkitiingo hade mum yettaade Mediteraane. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande ndee, ko seeɗa tan ko weendu. Kono e nder sahaa toɓo (ko ɓuri heewde e lewru sulyee haa oktoobar), Atbarah ina ummoo fotde 18 ft (5 m) dow tolno mum no woorunoo. E oo sahaa, ina waɗi keeri kulɓiniiɗi hakkunde diiwanuuji worgo e hakkundeeji diiwaan Amhara to Ecoppi. Gaa gaa Tekezé, ɓulli goɗɗi teeŋtuɗi e nder maayo Atbarah ina jeyaa heen maayo Shinfa ummortoongo fuɗnaange maayo Tana, e Angereb mawɗo mo iwdi mum woni fuɗnaange wuro Gondar. == Tariya == Siftorde Atbarah ɓurnde ɓooyde ko Strabon (16.4.8), inniri maayo ngoo Astaboras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβόρας).<ref name=":0">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Winndooɓe ɓooyɓe woɗɓe ciftorɓe innde ndee ina njeyaa heen Agatarkides, inniri ɗum Astabaras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβάρας),<ref name=":0" /> e Ptolemy (Geographie 4.7).[2] Richard Pankhurst e woɗɓe mbiyi wonde innde ndee ina foti faamreede ko "Maayo leñol Boras", ɗo asta waawi jokkondirde e asti "ndiyam" Proto-Nubiyanke,<ref name=":0" /> tawi -boras ina waawi jokkondirde e limoore alkule Roomnaaɓe e leñol ina wiyee Bora (Bera), hoɗnoongol saraaji]G another Meroe,<ref>"LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2013-12-10.</ref> Μεγάβαροι e ɗemngal Eratosten e Strabon, e ɗemngal Latin: Megabarri e ɗemngal Plinius mawɗo).<ref name=":0" /> Plinius mawɗo oo rokkii etimoloji Astaboras seeɗa, o wiyi wonde « e ɗemngal yimɓe nokku oo » innde ndee firti ko « ndiyam ummortooɗam e ɓuuɓri les » (N.H. 5.10). E lewru abriil 1898 hare mawnde waɗii sara maayo ngoo e nder njiimaandi Angalteer-Misra e Sudaan 1896–1899 hakkunde konu Mahdist en e konu Angalteer-Misra e gardagol Lord Kitchener, ɗum waɗi halkaare 20 000 Mahdist.<ref>Winston Churchill (1899). The River War Volume 1. Longmans. p. 416 Chapter XIII.</ref> E hitaande 1964, maayo ngoo damnaama e baraas Khashm el-Girba sara Kassala to Sudan ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro keso ngo Halfa Dughaym mahaa e nder diiwaan goɗɗo mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa joorɗo e ngam hoɗde yimɓe Sudannaaɓe ɓe baraas mawɗo Aswan riiwi e nder falnde Niode k000 fuɗnaange Misra e worgo Sudaan.<ref>Hurni, Hans; Tato, Kebede; Zeleke, Gete (May 2005). "The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia". Mountain Research and Development. 25 (2): 147–154. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0276-4741.</ref> Pewnugol eɓɓaande baraas ɗiɗmo fotde 1,9 miliyaar dolaar fotde 20 km dow ɗo maayo Atbara toowngo e maayo Setit kawri, baraas Rumela e Burdana, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011, ko hooreejo leydi Omar al-Bashir udditi ɗum e lewru feebariyee 2017.<ref>Gregory B. Poindexter (2 February 2017). "Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project". HydroWorld. Retrieved 4 November 2018.</ref> == Hidrolooji ndiyam == Hakindo lewru (1912–1982) Atbarah fotnoo ko hedde 25 km dow hunduko mum, fotnoo ko m3/s:<ref>"Nile - Kilo 3". University of New Hampshire. 2000-02-26.</ref> <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:220 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:2010 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:500 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:250 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Jan. bar:Feb text:Feb. bar:Mar text:March bar:Apr text:April bar:May text:May bar:Jun text:June bar:Jul text:July bar:Aug text:August bar:Sep text:Sept. bar:Oct text:Oct. bar:Nov text:Nov. bar:Dec text:Dec. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 7.5 bar:Feb from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Mar from:0 till: 0.3 bar:Apr from:0 till: 1.4 bar:May from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Jun from:0 till: 28.4 bar:Jul from:0 till: 569.5 bar:Aug from:0 till: 2002.7 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1291.0 bar:Oct from:0 till: 289.1 bar:Nov from:0 till: 61.1 bar:Dec from:0 till: 19.0 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 7.5 fontsize:S text: 7.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Feb at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 0.3 fontsize:S text: 0.3 shift:(-10,5) bar:Apr at: 1.4 fontsize:S text: 1.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:May at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 28.4 fontsize:S text: 28.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 569.5 fontsize:S text: 569.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aug at: 2002.7 fontsize:S text: 2002.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 1291.0 fontsize:S text: 1291.0 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 289.1 fontsize:S text: 289.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 61.1 fontsize:S text: 61.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Dec at: 19.0 fontsize:S text: 19.0 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> == Tuugnorgal == sf7vehvyea3qrrp9y85fuos7lx5i5hk 177121 177120 2026-06-28T20:42:38Z Nnamadee 11577 177121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Atbarah''' (aarabeeɓe: نهر عطبرة; firo: Nahr 'Atbarah), wiyeteeɗo kadi Niil boɗeejo e/walla Niil ɓaleejo, ko maayo wonngo e worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik. Nde ummotoo ko to worgo-fuɗnaange Ecoppi, ko ina wona 50 km to fuɗnaange maayo Tana e 30 km to fuɗnaange Gondar. Ndeen nde rewata ko hedde 805 km (500 miil) faade maayo Niil to worgo-caka Sudaan, nde hawri e wuro wiyeteengo Atbarah (17,677°N 33,970°E). Ko maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata, hono maayo Tekezé (Setit), ina gasa tawa ko ngo woni goonga e dow Atbarah, sibu Tekezé ina rewi laawol ɓurngol juutde hade mum hawrude e maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii (to 14° 10' N, 36° E) to fuɗnaange-rewo Sudaan. Atbarah ko maayo Niil cakkitiingo hade mum yettaade Mediteraane. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande ndee, ko seeɗa tan ko weendu. Kono e nder sahaa toɓo (ko ɓuri heewde e lewru sulyee haa oktoobar), Atbarah ina ummoo fotde 18 ft (5 m) dow tolno mum no woorunoo. E oo sahaa, ina waɗi keeri kulɓiniiɗi hakkunde diiwanuuji worgo e hakkundeeji diiwaan Amhara to Ecoppi. Gaa gaa Tekezé, ɓulli goɗɗi teeŋtuɗi e nder maayo Atbarah ina jeyaa heen maayo Shinfa ummortoongo fuɗnaange maayo Tana, e Angereb mawɗo mo iwdi mum woni fuɗnaange wuro Gondar. == Tariya == Siftorde Atbarah ɓurnde ɓooyde ko Strabon (16.4.8), inniri maayo ngoo Astaboras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβόρας).<ref name=":0">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Winndooɓe ɓooyɓe woɗɓe ciftorɓe innde ndee ina njeyaa heen Agatarkides, inniri ɗum Astabaras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβάρας),<ref name=":0" /> e Ptolemy (Geographie 4.7).[2] Richard Pankhurst e woɗɓe mbiyi wonde innde ndee ina foti faamreede ko "Maayo leñol Boras", ɗo asta waawi jokkondirde e asti "ndiyam" Proto-Nubiyanke,<ref name=":0" /> tawi -boras ina waawi jokkondirde e limoore alkule Roomnaaɓe e leñol ina wiyee Bora (Bera), hoɗnoongol saraaji]G another Meroe,<ref>"LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2013-12-10.</ref> Μεγάβαροι e ɗemngal Eratosten e Strabon, e ɗemngal Latin: Megabarri e ɗemngal Plinius mawɗo).<ref name=":0" /> Plinius mawɗo oo rokkii etimoloji Astaboras seeɗa, o wiyi wonde « e ɗemngal yimɓe nokku oo » innde ndee firti ko « ndiyam ummortooɗam e ɓuuɓri les » (N.H. 5.10). E lewru abriil 1898 hare mawnde waɗii sara maayo ngoo e nder njiimaandi Angalteer-Misra e Sudaan 1896–1899 hakkunde konu Mahdist en e konu Angalteer-Misra e gardagol Lord Kitchener, ɗum waɗi halkaare 20 000 Mahdist.<ref>Winston Churchill (1899). The River War Volume 1. Longmans. p. 416 Chapter XIII.</ref> [[File:River War 1-13 Atbara Campaign.jpg|thumb|Atbara river campaign]] E hitaande 1964, maayo ngoo damnaama e baraas Khashm el-Girba sara Kassala to Sudan ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro keso ngo Halfa Dughaym mahaa e nder diiwaan goɗɗo mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa joorɗo e ngam hoɗde yimɓe Sudannaaɓe ɓe baraas mawɗo Aswan riiwi e nder falnde Niode k000 fuɗnaange Misra e worgo Sudaan.<ref>Hurni, Hans; Tato, Kebede; Zeleke, Gete (May 2005). "The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia". Mountain Research and Development. 25 (2): 147–154. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0276-4741.</ref> Pewnugol eɓɓaande baraas ɗiɗmo fotde 1,9 miliyaar dolaar fotde 20 km dow ɗo maayo Atbara toowngo e maayo Setit kawri, baraas Rumela e Burdana, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011, ko hooreejo leydi Omar al-Bashir udditi ɗum e lewru feebariyee 2017.<ref>Gregory B. Poindexter (2 February 2017). "Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project". HydroWorld. Retrieved 4 November 2018.</ref> == Hidrolooji ndiyam == Hakindo lewru (1912–1982) Atbarah fotnoo ko hedde 25 km dow hunduko mum, fotnoo ko m3/s:<ref>"Nile - Kilo 3". University of New Hampshire. 2000-02-26.</ref> <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:220 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:2010 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:500 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:250 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Jan. bar:Feb text:Feb. bar:Mar text:March bar:Apr text:April bar:May text:May bar:Jun text:June bar:Jul text:July bar:Aug text:August bar:Sep text:Sept. bar:Oct text:Oct. bar:Nov text:Nov. bar:Dec text:Dec. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 7.5 bar:Feb from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Mar from:0 till: 0.3 bar:Apr from:0 till: 1.4 bar:May from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Jun from:0 till: 28.4 bar:Jul from:0 till: 569.5 bar:Aug from:0 till: 2002.7 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1291.0 bar:Oct from:0 till: 289.1 bar:Nov from:0 till: 61.1 bar:Dec from:0 till: 19.0 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 7.5 fontsize:S text: 7.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Feb at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 0.3 fontsize:S text: 0.3 shift:(-10,5) bar:Apr at: 1.4 fontsize:S text: 1.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:May at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 28.4 fontsize:S text: 28.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 569.5 fontsize:S text: 569.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aug at: 2002.7 fontsize:S text: 2002.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 1291.0 fontsize:S text: 1291.0 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 289.1 fontsize:S text: 289.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 61.1 fontsize:S text: 61.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Dec at: 19.0 fontsize:S text: 19.0 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> == Tuugnorgal == nacxz6wyonh5hj0ufchmea6qgrmbeoi 0 42745 177122 2026-06-28T20:47:12Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Mohammed Isa Anka''' (jibinaa ko 20 lewru feebariyee 1960) ko politikaajo leydi Naajeeriya, jooni o wonii wakiliijo diiwaan Anka/Talata Mafara to diiwaan Zamfara to suudu sarɗiiji.  O woni tergal e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ƴellitaare.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=2023-02-27|title=Jigawa: APC's Isah Anka wins Anka/Talata Mafara Federal Constituency|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/27/jigawa-apcs-isah-anka-wins-anka-talata-mafara-federal-constitu..." 177122 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammed Isa Anka''' (jibinaa ko 20 lewru feebariyee 1960) ko politikaajo leydi Naajeeriya, jooni o wonii wakiliijo diiwaan Anka/Talata Mafara to diiwaan Zamfara to suudu sarɗiiji.  O woni tergal e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ƴellitaare.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=2023-02-27|title=Jigawa: APC's Isah Anka wins Anka/Talata Mafara Federal Constituency|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/27/jigawa-apcs-isah-anka-wins-anka-talata-mafara-federal-constituency/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-12-27|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622185543/https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/27/jigawa-apcs-isah-anka-wins-anka-talata-mafara-federal-constituency/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=III|first=Admin|date=2024-01-02|title=We commend Tinubu for ensuring 10th assembly fully participated in 2024 bugetary process – Hon Anka|url=https://blueprint.ng/we-commend-tinubu-for-ensuring-10th-assembly-fully-participated-in-2024-bugetary-process-hon-anka/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=2024-12-27|newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103014506/https://blueprint.ng/we-commend-tinubu-for-ensuring-10th-assembly-fully-participated-in-2024-bugetary-process-hon-anka/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sabiu|first=Muhammad|date=2022-05-28|title=Six emerge unopposed as APC House of Reps candidates in Zamfara|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/six-emerge-unopposed-as-apc-house-of-reps-candidates-in-zamfara/|access-date=2024-12-27|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB|archive-date=2022-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630220347/https://tribuneonlineng.com/six-emerge-unopposed-as-apc-house-of-reps-candidates-in-zamfara/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024|title=10th National Assembly Members - Mohammed Isa Anka|url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Mohammed-Isa-Anka-3939|access-date=2025-01-09|website=orderpaper.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023|title=ShineYourEye - Mohammed Isa Anka|url=https://www.shineyoureye.org/person/anka-isa-mohammed|access-date=2025-01-09|website=www.shineyoureye.org}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> nedbvewevqmrzvtlkj762lqq6wqjpfe 177123 177122 2026-06-28T20:49:25Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Mohammed Isa Anka''' (jibinaa ko 20 lewru feebariyee 1960) ko politikaajo leydi Naajeeriya, jooni o wonii wakiliijo diiwaan Anka/Talata Mafara to diiwaan Zamfara to suudu sarɗiiji.  O woni tergal e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ƴellitaare.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=2023-02-27|title=Jigawa: APC's Isah Anka wins Anka/Talata Mafara Federal Constituency|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/27/jigawa-apcs-isah-anka-wins-anka-talata-mafara-federal-constituency/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-12-27|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622185543/https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/27/jigawa-apcs-isah-anka-wins-anka-talata-mafara-federal-constituency/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=III|first=Admin|date=2024-01-02|title=We commend Tinubu for ensuring 10th assembly fully participated in 2024 bugetary process – Hon Anka|url=https://blueprint.ng/we-commend-tinubu-for-ensuring-10th-assembly-fully-participated-in-2024-bugetary-process-hon-anka/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=2024-12-27|newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103014506/https://blueprint.ng/we-commend-tinubu-for-ensuring-10th-assembly-fully-participated-in-2024-bugetary-process-hon-anka/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sabiu|first=Muhammad|date=2022-05-28|title=Six emerge unopposed as APC House of Reps candidates in Zamfara|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/six-emerge-unopposed-as-apc-house-of-reps-candidates-in-zamfara/|access-date=2024-12-27|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB|archive-date=2022-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630220347/https://tribuneonlineng.com/six-emerge-unopposed-as-apc-house-of-reps-candidates-in-zamfara/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024|title=10th National Assembly Members - Mohammed Isa Anka|url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Mohammed-Isa-Anka-3939|access-date=2025-01-09|website=orderpaper.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023|title=ShineYourEye - Mohammed Isa Anka|url=https://www.shineyoureye.org/person/anka-isa-mohammed|access-date=2025-01-09|website=www.shineyoureye.org}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 6hgrbutecw1qnhzw2pj6317kgavcpog 0 42746 177124 2026-06-28T20:59:06Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Kabiru Aamadu''' ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O wonii hannde ko Wakiiliijo Fedde nde lomtotooɗo diiwaan Gusau/Tsafe to diiwaan Zamfara e nder Asamblee ngenndiijo 10ɓo.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Baiyewu|first=Leke|date=2021-07-14|title=Sixth Zamfara Rep defects from PDP to APC|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-sixth-zamfara-rep-defects-from-pdp-to-apc/|access-date=2024-12-27|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Baiyewu|first=Leke|date=2021-07..." 177124 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kabiru Aamadu''' ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O wonii hannde ko Wakiiliijo Fedde nde lomtotooɗo diiwaan Gusau/Tsafe to diiwaan Zamfara e nder Asamblee ngenndiijo 10ɓo.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Baiyewu|first=Leke|date=2021-07-14|title=Sixth Zamfara Rep defects from PDP to APC|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-sixth-zamfara-rep-defects-from-pdp-to-apc/|access-date=2024-12-27|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Baiyewu|first=Leke|date=2021-07-14|title=Reps minority leaders protest as sixth Zamfara Rep dumps PDP for APC|url=https://punchng.com/reps-minority-leaders-protest-as-sixth-zamfara-rep-dumps-pdp-for-apc/|access-date=2024-12-27|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> O woni kadi ko e darnde hooreejo goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam dingiral. == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 2oq2ar2mssfk7ro1m8hukpx5iwwa6s4 177125 177124 2026-06-28T21:12:41Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Kabiru Aamadu''' ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O wonii hannde ko Wakiiliijo Fedde nde lomtotooɗo diiwaan Gusau/Tsafe to diiwaan Zamfara e nder Asamblee ngenndiijo 10ɓo.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Baiyewu|first=Leke|date=2021-07-14|title=Sixth Zamfara Rep defects from PDP to APC|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-sixth-zamfara-rep-defects-from-pdp-to-apc/|access-date=2024-12-27|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Baiyewu|first=Leke|date=2021-07-14|title=Reps minority leaders protest as sixth Zamfara Rep dumps PDP for APC|url=https://punchng.com/reps-minority-leaders-protest-as-sixth-zamfara-rep-dumps-pdp-for-apc/|access-date=2024-12-27|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> O woni kadi ko e darnde hooreejo goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam dingiral. == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 5ysf6avj36orh0ba88ine48repqmc4i 0 42747 177131 2026-06-29T07:53:23Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "Maayo Awash (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash ; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik : ዐዋሽ , Afar : Hawaash We'ayot , Somali : Webiga Dir , Itaali : Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nd..." 177131 wikitext text/x-wiki Maayo Awash (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash ; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik : ዐዋሽ , Afar : Hawaash We'ayot , Somali : Webiga Dir , Itaali : Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref>Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi : tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.[7] "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.[7] Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == aixr13zlo02leebu2vr3vl3f35z0q0e 177132 177131 2026-06-29T07:54:07Z Nnamadee 11577 177132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash ; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik : ዐዋሽ , Afar : Hawaash We'ayot , Somali : Webiga Dir , Itaali : Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref>Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi : tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.[7] "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.[7] Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == 091b1mekmgu5mehujwlv7v23q02uli7 177133 177132 2026-06-29T07:54:54Z Nnamadee 11577 177133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash ; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik : ዐዋሽ , Afar : Hawaash We'ayot , Somali : Webiga Dir , Itaali : Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref>Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi : tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.[7] "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.[7] Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.[4] Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).[1] Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).[8] Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati : dow, hakkunde, e les.[8] Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori.[citation needed] Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow) : maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.[8] == Wakati == c79gc573q1d7d3hi2i283chl456o4bx 177134 177133 2026-06-29T07:55:44Z Nnamadee 11577 177134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash ; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik : ዐዋሽ , Afar : Hawaash We'ayot , Somali : Webiga Dir , Itaali : Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref>Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi : tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.[7] "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.[7] Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.[4] Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).[1] Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).[8] Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati : dow, hakkunde, e les.[8] Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori.[citation needed] Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow) : maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.[8] == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.[9] Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.[10] === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] === Hidrolooji ndiyam === mbe8utrwf7rcwvxvxa6e149p2hohv0a 177135 177134 2026-06-29T07:57:13Z Nnamadee 11577 177135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash ; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik : ዐዋሽ , Afar : Hawaash We'ayot , Somali : Webiga Dir , Itaali : Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref>Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi : tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.[7] "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.[7] Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.[4] Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).[1] Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).[8] Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati : dow, hakkunde, e les.[8] Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori.[citation needed] Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow) : maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.[8] == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.[9] Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.[10] === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa.[citation needed] Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == chmepiaqf38nzikkskiqza9mww3vc47 177136 177135 2026-06-29T07:58:24Z Nnamadee 11577 177136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash ; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik : ዐዋሽ , Afar : Hawaash We'ayot , Somali : Webiga Dir , Itaali : Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref>Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi : tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.[7] "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.[7] Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.[4] Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).[1] Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).[8] Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati : dow, hakkunde, e les.[8] Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori.[citation needed] Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow) : maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.[8] == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.[9] Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.[10] === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa.[citation needed] Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen : Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo.[citation needed] == Golle aadee e batte mum == 7oliojuxihvbahg5id5z4in312n2mnb 177137 177136 2026-06-29T07:59:50Z Nnamadee 11577 177137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash ; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik : ዐዋሽ , Afar : Hawaash We'ayot , Somali : Webiga Dir , Itaali : Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref>Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi : tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.[7] "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.[7] Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.[4] Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).[1] Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).[8] Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati : dow, hakkunde, e les.[8] Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori.[citation needed] Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow) : maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.[8] == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.[9] Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.[10] === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa.[citation needed] Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen : Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo.[citation needed] == Golle aadee e batte mum == Basin Awash woni ko ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde mettinde, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi.[6] Awash hakkundeejo ina anndaa e jogaade ndiyam mawɗam e tokosam, kam e njulaagu ndema e njulaagu suukara (Wenji, Methara, e njulaagu suukara Kesem).[8] === Ndiyam ɗam === Ndiyam gonɗam e nder gure mawɗe hono Addis Abeba, Mojo e Adama, e kadi, ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ngam leyɗeele ndema nokkuuje e njulaagu (hono ndema kaaƴe) fawii ko e maayo Awash e ŋore mum.[18] === Golle faggudu === Faggudu maayo Awash ɓuri heewde ko e ndema e sarwisaaji, tawi ko sakkitiiɗi ɗii ɓuri heewde e caka wuro mawngo Addis Abeba. Demal ina heewi huutoraade ndiyam (fotde 89 % e kuutoragol ndiyam e nder tovo ngo) ina teskaa wonde ina jokki wonde sabaabu vamtaare faggudu e nder duuvi garooji zi. Pewnugol gese haa teengti noon ko geze mawze e faggudu vursugol ngol, zum wonnoo ko vursugol jaawngol e nder duuvi cakkitiizi zi, zum wonnoo ko 7,9 % e yontere kala e nder tovo ngo, hakkunde 2004 e 2014. Haa e hitaande 2012, keewal ndema vursugol ngol ina famzi 2 % e kala ko ina wona[4]. Laddeeji ina pamɗi e nder maayo Awash, so wonaa seeɗa e leɗɗe eukaliptus tokoose. Yaasi Awash National Park savannaaji udditiiɗi e leɗɗe ina ɓadii ndema e gese. Ɗuum ina teskaa e denndaangal terɗe escarpment.[16] Ko ɗoon ɓuuɓri leɗɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee heddii no ngonka adanka savannaaji ɗii nii, tawi noon laral huɗo ngal lomtinaama e ndema. Ko tooweeki ɓurki toowde tan hollirta haa jooni leɗɗe jokkondirɗe. Feccere e laddeeji zi mbazaama e nokkuuji zi ndemaaka e laddeeji konifereeji zii. Gese ndema ɗee ko (endemik) teff, maaro, sorgo, ñebbe e leɗɗe.[16] == Tuugnorgal == 1044hifp7cxokki10dfte96717ggy3h 177138 177137 2026-06-29T08:00:43Z Nnamadee 11577 177138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash ; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik : ዐዋሽ , Afar : Hawaash We'ayot , Somali : Webiga Dir , Itaali : Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref>Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi : tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.[7] "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.[7] Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.[4] Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).[1] Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).[8] Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati : dow, hakkunde, e les.[8] Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori.[citation needed] Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow) : maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.[8] == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.[9] Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.[10] === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa.[citation needed] Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen : Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo.[citation needed] == Golle aadee e batte mum == Basin Awash woni ko ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde mettinde, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi.[6] Awash hakkundeejo ina anndaa e jogaade ndiyam mawɗam e tokosam, kam e njulaagu ndema e njulaagu suukara (Wenji, Methara, e njulaagu suukara Kesem).[8] === Ndiyam ɗam === Ndiyam gonɗam e nder gure mawɗe hono Addis Abeba, Mojo e Adama, e kadi, ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ngam leyɗeele ndema nokkuuje e njulaagu (hono ndema kaaƴe) fawii ko e maayo Awash e ŋore mum.[18] === Golle faggudu === Faggudu maayo Awash ɓuri heewde ko e ndema e sarwisaaji, tawi ko sakkitiiɗi ɗii ɓuri heewde e caka wuro mawngo Addis Abeba. Demal ina heewi huutoraade ndiyam (fotde 89 % e kuutoragol ndiyam e nder tovo ngo) ina teskaa wonde ina jokki wonde sabaabu vamtaare faggudu e nder duuvi garooji zi. Pewnugol gese haa teengti noon ko geze mawze e faggudu vursugol ngol, zum wonnoo ko vursugol jaawngol e nder duuvi cakkitiizi zi, zum wonnoo ko 7,9 % e yontere kala e nder tovo ngo, hakkunde 2004 e 2014. Haa e hitaande 2012, keewal ndema vursugol ngol ina famzi 2 % e kala ko ina wona[4]. Laddeeji ina pamɗi e nder maayo Awash, so wonaa seeɗa e leɗɗe eukaliptus tokoose. Yaasi Awash National Park savannaaji udditiiɗi e leɗɗe ina ɓadii ndema e gese. Ɗuum ina teskaa e denndaangal terɗe escarpment.[16] Ko ɗoon ɓuuɓri leɗɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee heddii no ngonka adanka savannaaji ɗii nii, tawi noon laral huɗo ngal lomtinaama e ndema. Ko tooweeki ɓurki toowde tan hollirta haa jooni leɗɗe jokkondirɗe. Feccere e laddeeji zi mbazaama e nokkuuji zi ndemaaka e laddeeji konifereeji zii. Gese ndema ɗee ko (endemik) teff, maaro, sorgo, ñebbe e leɗɗe.[16] Duunde ina famɗi ɗo ndema waawi wonde. Jawdi ndii ina ñaama e saraaji gese e saraaji laabi e dow ŋoral ŋoral. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabuuji ɓuuɓgol, sibu ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ina bonna heen seeɗa. Duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi ko huunde woowaande e nder weeyo Awash.[19] Kewuuji ɓuuɓɗi e yoorooji keewɗi ina kaɗa golle faggudu e nder weeyo ngo. Feccere mawnde e miskineeɓe teeru gollotooɓe e ndema toɓooli e nder leyɗeele marginaal ɗe yooro heewi, tawaaɗe e hakkundeere e les njiimaandi ndii ina tampina no feewi yooro keewngo.[4] Feere weeyo ina jogii tawo batte keewɗe e yimɓe e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder weeyo Awash. Yoorooji mawzi e nder weeyo ngo addanii ustaare mawnde e ndema e maayde jawdi, zum addani veydaare e ŋakkeende nguura. Ustaare toɓooli seeɗa (5%) ina qiimee ina usta 5% e geɗe ndema (PIB) e nder baas oo, tawa ina usta 10% e geɗe ndema.[4] Ɗaɓɓaande ballal neɗɗankaagal ina heewi no feewi sabu ŋakkeende weeyo, ko wayi no kewuuji El Niño 2015/2016 baɗnooɗi yooro mawngo e jaabawol neɗɗankaagal jowitiingol e ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo e nder leydi ndii, tawi diiwanuuji keewɗi ɓurɗi teeŋtude ina tawee e nder geec Awash.[5] === Cuuɗi === == Tuugnorgal == n3mkzeh27vn64xm2z6apt47g8lx6vat 177139 177138 2026-06-29T08:03:57Z Nnamadee 11577 177139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash ; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik : ዐዋሽ , Afar : Hawaash We'ayot , Somali : Webiga Dir , Itaali : Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref>Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi : tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.[7] "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.[7] Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.[4] Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).[1] Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).[8] Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati : dow, hakkunde, e les.[8] Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori.[citation needed] Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow) : maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.[8] == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.[9] Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.[10] === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa.[citation needed] Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen : Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo.[citation needed] == Golle aadee e batte mum == Basin Awash woni ko ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde mettinde, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi.[6] Awash hakkundeejo ina anndaa e jogaade ndiyam mawɗam e tokosam, kam e njulaagu ndema e njulaagu suukara (Wenji, Methara, e njulaagu suukara Kesem).[8] === Ndiyam ɗam === Ndiyam gonɗam e nder gure mawɗe hono Addis Abeba, Mojo e Adama, e kadi, ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ngam leyɗeele ndema nokkuuje e njulaagu (hono ndema kaaƴe) fawii ko e maayo Awash e ŋore mum.[18] === Golle faggudu === Faggudu maayo Awash ɓuri heewde ko e ndema e sarwisaaji, tawi ko sakkitiiɗi ɗii ɓuri heewde e caka wuro mawngo Addis Abeba. Demal ina heewi huutoraade ndiyam (fotde 89 % e kuutoragol ndiyam e nder tovo ngo) ina teskaa wonde ina jokki wonde sabaabu vamtaare faggudu e nder duuvi garooji zi. Pewnugol gese haa teengti noon ko geze mawze e faggudu vursugol ngol, zum wonnoo ko vursugol jaawngol e nder duuvi cakkitiizi zi, zum wonnoo ko 7,9 % e yontere kala e nder tovo ngo, hakkunde 2004 e 2014. Haa e hitaande 2012, keewal ndema vursugol ngol ina famzi 2 % e kala ko ina wona[4]. Laddeeji ina pamɗi e nder maayo Awash, so wonaa seeɗa e leɗɗe eukaliptus tokoose. Yaasi Awash National Park savannaaji udditiiɗi e leɗɗe ina ɓadii ndema e gese. Ɗuum ina teskaa e denndaangal terɗe escarpment.[16] Ko ɗoon ɓuuɓri leɗɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee heddii no ngonka adanka savannaaji ɗii nii, tawi noon laral huɗo ngal lomtinaama e ndema. Ko tooweeki ɓurki toowde tan hollirta haa jooni leɗɗe jokkondirɗe. Feccere e laddeeji zi mbazaama e nokkuuji zi ndemaaka e laddeeji konifereeji zii. Gese ndema ɗee ko (endemik) teff, maaro, sorgo, ñebbe e leɗɗe.[16] Duunde ina famɗi ɗo ndema waawi wonde. Jawdi ndii ina ñaama e saraaji gese e saraaji laabi e dow ŋoral ŋoral. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabuuji ɓuuɓgol, sibu ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ina bonna heen seeɗa. Duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi ko huunde woowaande e nder weeyo Awash.[19] Kewuuji ɓuuɓɗi e yoorooji keewɗi ina kaɗa golle faggudu e nder weeyo ngo. Feccere mawnde e miskineeɓe teeru gollotooɓe e ndema toɓooli e nder leyɗeele marginaal ɗe yooro heewi, tawaaɗe e hakkundeere e les njiimaandi ndii ina tampina no feewi yooro keewngo.[4] Feere weeyo ina jogii tawo batte keewɗe e yimɓe e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder weeyo Awash. Yoorooji mawzi e nder weeyo ngo addanii ustaare mawnde e ndema e maayde jawdi, zum addani veydaare e ŋakkeende nguura. Ustaare toɓooli seeɗa (5%) ina qiimee ina usta 5% e geɗe ndema (PIB) e nder baas oo, tawa ina usta 10% e geɗe ndema.[4] Ɗaɓɓaande ballal neɗɗankaagal ina heewi no feewi sabu ŋakkeende weeyo, ko wayi no kewuuji El Niño 2015/2016 baɗnooɗi yooro mawngo e jaabawol neɗɗankaagal jowitiingol e ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo e nder leydi ndii, tawi diiwanuuji keewɗi ɓurɗi teeŋtude ina tawee e nder geec Awash.[5] === Cuuɗi === Laabi ɓuuɓɗi e nder gure e nder gollorɗe ina pamɗi, ina ŋakki e nder maayo Awash. Ɗo ɗe ngoni ɗoo, ƴiiƴam majji (ko heewi ko bonnata) ina njuutee e maayooji ɓadiiɗi, ina mbonna ɗe.[18] Mawnugol gollorɗe e gure e nder geec maayo Awash bonnii no feewi ekosistem sabu tookeeji gonɗi e nder ndiyam. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder maayo Awash toowngo ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Golle anthropogenic e geogenic fof ina mballita e ŋakkeende nguura ndiyam teskaande.[6] Helmere geogenic firti ko mborosaaji baɗɗi e tagoore rewrude e tektonik, loope, cumu vulkanik, e geɗe ɓuuɓɗe ceene.[citation needed] Pollugol njamndi teddundi e nder ndiyam ɗam wontii huunde ɓeydotoonde saɗtude e nokkuuji e cellal yimɓe.[6] Industiriiji pollugol e nder maayo Awash ina njeyaa heen : liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe pentiir, liggorɗe hirsude, liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe birniiji, liggorɗe njaram, liggorɗe suukara, liggorɗe opitaaluuji, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe. Ndiyam mbonɗam ina naata e maayo ngoo gila e gure ko wayi no Adiis Abeba, Awash 7 Kilo, Ambo, Sebeta, Bishoftu, Gelan, Adama, Modjo. Rufngo ndema ina waawi wonde sabaabu pollugol njamndi teeŋtundi (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, U, e Zn) e nder geec, kadi ustude njamndi e nder gollorɗe ina waawi kadi addande njamndi teddundi toowndi ko wayi no As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Zn, e Pb.[6] === Kalite ndiyam === == Tuugnorgal == bmggvxdsds5bougqjq2y3b1tatu94ev 177140 177139 2026-06-29T08:05:27Z Nnamadee 11577 177140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash ; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik : ዐዋሽ , Afar : Hawaash We'ayot , Somali : Webiga Dir , Itaali : Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref>Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi : tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.[7] "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.[7] Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.[4] Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).[1] Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).[8] Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati : dow, hakkunde, e les.[8] Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori.[citation needed] Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow) : maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.[8] == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.[9] Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.[10] === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa.[citation needed] Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen : Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo.[citation needed] == Golle aadee e batte mum == Basin Awash woni ko ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde mettinde, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi.[6] Awash hakkundeejo ina anndaa e jogaade ndiyam mawɗam e tokosam, kam e njulaagu ndema e njulaagu suukara (Wenji, Methara, e njulaagu suukara Kesem).[8] === Ndiyam ɗam === Ndiyam gonɗam e nder gure mawɗe hono Addis Abeba, Mojo e Adama, e kadi, ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ngam leyɗeele ndema nokkuuje e njulaagu (hono ndema kaaƴe) fawii ko e maayo Awash e ŋore mum.[18] === Golle faggudu === Faggudu maayo Awash ɓuri heewde ko e ndema e sarwisaaji, tawi ko sakkitiiɗi ɗii ɓuri heewde e caka wuro mawngo Addis Abeba. Demal ina heewi huutoraade ndiyam (fotde 89 % e kuutoragol ndiyam e nder tovo ngo) ina teskaa wonde ina jokki wonde sabaabu vamtaare faggudu e nder duuvi garooji zi. Pewnugol gese haa teengti noon ko geze mawze e faggudu vursugol ngol, zum wonnoo ko vursugol jaawngol e nder duuvi cakkitiizi zi, zum wonnoo ko 7,9 % e yontere kala e nder tovo ngo, hakkunde 2004 e 2014. Haa e hitaande 2012, keewal ndema vursugol ngol ina famzi 2 % e kala ko ina wona[4]. Laddeeji ina pamɗi e nder maayo Awash, so wonaa seeɗa e leɗɗe eukaliptus tokoose. Yaasi Awash National Park savannaaji udditiiɗi e leɗɗe ina ɓadii ndema e gese. Ɗuum ina teskaa e denndaangal terɗe escarpment.[16] Ko ɗoon ɓuuɓri leɗɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee heddii no ngonka adanka savannaaji ɗii nii, tawi noon laral huɗo ngal lomtinaama e ndema. Ko tooweeki ɓurki toowde tan hollirta haa jooni leɗɗe jokkondirɗe. Feccere e laddeeji zi mbazaama e nokkuuji zi ndemaaka e laddeeji konifereeji zii. Gese ndema ɗee ko (endemik) teff, maaro, sorgo, ñebbe e leɗɗe.[16] Duunde ina famɗi ɗo ndema waawi wonde. Jawdi ndii ina ñaama e saraaji gese e saraaji laabi e dow ŋoral ŋoral. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabuuji ɓuuɓgol, sibu ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ina bonna heen seeɗa. Duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi ko huunde woowaande e nder weeyo Awash.[19] Kewuuji ɓuuɓɗi e yoorooji keewɗi ina kaɗa golle faggudu e nder weeyo ngo. Feccere mawnde e miskineeɓe teeru gollotooɓe e ndema toɓooli e nder leyɗeele marginaal ɗe yooro heewi, tawaaɗe e hakkundeere e les njiimaandi ndii ina tampina no feewi yooro keewngo.[4] Feere weeyo ina jogii tawo batte keewɗe e yimɓe e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder weeyo Awash. Yoorooji mawzi e nder weeyo ngo addanii ustaare mawnde e ndema e maayde jawdi, zum addani veydaare e ŋakkeende nguura. Ustaare toɓooli seeɗa (5%) ina qiimee ina usta 5% e geɗe ndema (PIB) e nder baas oo, tawa ina usta 10% e geɗe ndema.[4] Ɗaɓɓaande ballal neɗɗankaagal ina heewi no feewi sabu ŋakkeende weeyo, ko wayi no kewuuji El Niño 2015/2016 baɗnooɗi yooro mawngo e jaabawol neɗɗankaagal jowitiingol e ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo e nder leydi ndii, tawi diiwanuuji keewɗi ɓurɗi teeŋtude ina tawee e nder geec Awash.[5] === Cuuɗi === Laabi ɓuuɓɗi e nder gure e nder gollorɗe ina pamɗi, ina ŋakki e nder maayo Awash. Ɗo ɗe ngoni ɗoo, ƴiiƴam majji (ko heewi ko bonnata) ina njuutee e maayooji ɓadiiɗi, ina mbonna ɗe.[18] Mawnugol gollorɗe e gure e nder geec maayo Awash bonnii no feewi ekosistem sabu tookeeji gonɗi e nder ndiyam. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder maayo Awash toowngo ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Golle anthropogenic e geogenic fof ina mballita e ŋakkeende nguura ndiyam teskaande.[6] Helmere geogenic firti ko mborosaaji baɗɗi e tagoore rewrude e tektonik, loope, cumu vulkanik, e geɗe ɓuuɓɗe ceene.[citation needed] Pollugol njamndi teddundi e nder ndiyam ɗam wontii huunde ɓeydotoonde saɗtude e nokkuuji e cellal yimɓe.[6] Industiriiji pollugol e nder maayo Awash ina njeyaa heen : liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe pentiir, liggorɗe hirsude, liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe birniiji, liggorɗe njaram, liggorɗe suukara, liggorɗe opitaaluuji, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe. Ndiyam mbonɗam ina naata e maayo ngoo gila e gure ko wayi no Adiis Abeba, Awash 7 Kilo, Ambo, Sebeta, Bishoftu, Gelan, Adama, Modjo. Rufngo ndema ina waawi wonde sabaabu pollugol njamndi teeŋtundi (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, U, e Zn) e nder geec, kadi ustude njamndi e nder gollorɗe ina waawi kadi addande njamndi teddundi toowndi ko wayi no As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Zn, e Pb.[6] === Kalite ndiyam === Wiɗto mbayliigu ndiyam maayo e hitaande 2023 hollitii wonde tolnooji toowɗi njamndi teeŋtundi, ko wayi no Al, Mn, Mo, As, V, Fe, e Ba kolliraama e teddeendi 1257 μg/L, 626,8 μg/L, 116,7 μg/L, 61,2 μg/07., 61,2 μg/051 μg/L, e 211,7 μg/L, ko noon. E nder 20 njamndi teddundi vurndi moxxude, 20 % e parametruuji nder nokkuuji wiztooji zi ina njogii dow keerol OMS wonande ndiyam njareteeɗam ; Al (157 μg/L), V (100,5 μg/L), Fe (1082,7 μg/L), Mn (626,8 μg/L), e Mo (103,8 μg/L) kolliraama e nokkuuji saraaji maayo ngoo.[6] Ɗum ko caɗeele nde tawnoo ndiyam ummortooɗam maayo ina huutoree ngam ɓuuɓnude ndiyam njareteeɗam e ɓuuɓnude.[citation needed] Heɓde mborosaaji gonɗi e nder ndiyam maayo ko huunde woɗnde. Ɗee geɗe ina mbaɗi leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo, geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder gollorɗe, e kemikaaji ndema. Toɓɓe toowɗe gonɗe e mborosaaji gonɗi e nder leydi njiytaa ko e wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2023 e nder maayo e nder ndiyam ɗam : "Pesticides, leɗɗe daabaaji, ñamri artificiel, e geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo njiytaa ko e sammeeji ummoriiɗi e denndaangal nokkuuji tawaaɗi (surface, leydi, e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam wonnoo ko e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam). Endocrine ɓulli ndiyam les leydi."[20] Ndiyam maayo e ndiyam les ɗam ɓuuɓɗam ina njokkondiri no feewi. Kosam ɗam e nder ndiyam maayo ina waawi bonnude ndiyam les ɗam e ko nanndi heen. Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2024, wiɗtii sifaaji ndiyam les ɗam e nder diiwaan Awash hakkundeejo ngam huutoraade ɗum e fannuuji keewɗi. Nde tawi ko mborosaaji ko wayi no arsenik, vanadium, gallium, litiyum, rubidium, krom, mangaan, njamndi, e sink tawaama ina keewi e nder ndiyam leslesam sara maayo Beseka, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko golle geɗe leydi, cumu ɓuuɓngu, e ɓuuɓgol kaaƴe.[8] Ko ɓuri feccere e ɓulli ndiyam leslesam ɗam moƴƴaani e yarde, ɗum noon ina addana renndooji nokkuuji ɗii caɗeele cellal mawɗe, tuugiiɗe e ɗeen ɓulli sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam laaɓɗam dow leydi.[8] E nder Basin Awash hakkundeejo e leydi ndii fof, njuuteendi ndiyam ko vuri heewde e tovo ngo ina famzi no haanirta nii, ina famzi no haanirta nii. Waɗi noon, nokkuuji nder ŋorol Awash dowri, haa teeŋti noon e saraaji Modjo, Bishoftu, Gelan, e Addis Abeba, ina keewi no feewi e ɓuuɓri ndi rewaani laawol e pollugol ndiyam les ɗam.[8] == Paleontoloji == == Tuugnorgal == azjad5tasin579t7b4qknyiaotkz8l5 177144 177140 2026-06-29T08:07:19Z Nnamadee 11577 177144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash ; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik : ዐዋሽ , Afar : Hawaash We'ayot , Somali : Webiga Dir , Itaali : Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref>Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi : tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.[7] "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.[7] Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.[4] Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).[1] Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).[8] Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati : dow, hakkunde, e les.[8] Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori.[citation needed] Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow) : maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.[8] == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.[9] Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.[10] === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa.[citation needed] Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen : Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo.[citation needed] == Golle aadee e batte mum == Basin Awash woni ko ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde mettinde, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi.[6] Awash hakkundeejo ina anndaa e jogaade ndiyam mawɗam e tokosam, kam e njulaagu ndema e njulaagu suukara (Wenji, Methara, e njulaagu suukara Kesem).[8] === Ndiyam ɗam === Ndiyam gonɗam e nder gure mawɗe hono Addis Abeba, Mojo e Adama, e kadi, ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ngam leyɗeele ndema nokkuuje e njulaagu (hono ndema kaaƴe) fawii ko e maayo Awash e ŋore mum.[18] === Golle faggudu === Faggudu maayo Awash ɓuri heewde ko e ndema e sarwisaaji, tawi ko sakkitiiɗi ɗii ɓuri heewde e caka wuro mawngo Addis Abeba. Demal ina heewi huutoraade ndiyam (fotde 89 % e kuutoragol ndiyam e nder tovo ngo) ina teskaa wonde ina jokki wonde sabaabu vamtaare faggudu e nder duuvi garooji zi. Pewnugol gese haa teengti noon ko geze mawze e faggudu vursugol ngol, zum wonnoo ko vursugol jaawngol e nder duuvi cakkitiizi zi, zum wonnoo ko 7,9 % e yontere kala e nder tovo ngo, hakkunde 2004 e 2014. Haa e hitaande 2012, keewal ndema vursugol ngol ina famzi 2 % e kala ko ina wona[4]. Laddeeji ina pamɗi e nder maayo Awash, so wonaa seeɗa e leɗɗe eukaliptus tokoose. Yaasi Awash National Park savannaaji udditiiɗi e leɗɗe ina ɓadii ndema e gese. Ɗuum ina teskaa e denndaangal terɗe escarpment.[16] Ko ɗoon ɓuuɓri leɗɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee heddii no ngonka adanka savannaaji ɗii nii, tawi noon laral huɗo ngal lomtinaama e ndema. Ko tooweeki ɓurki toowde tan hollirta haa jooni leɗɗe jokkondirɗe. Feccere e laddeeji zi mbazaama e nokkuuji zi ndemaaka e laddeeji konifereeji zii. Gese ndema ɗee ko (endemik) teff, maaro, sorgo, ñebbe e leɗɗe.[16] Duunde ina famɗi ɗo ndema waawi wonde. Jawdi ndii ina ñaama e saraaji gese e saraaji laabi e dow ŋoral ŋoral. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabuuji ɓuuɓgol, sibu ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ina bonna heen seeɗa. Duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi ko huunde woowaande e nder weeyo Awash.[19] Kewuuji ɓuuɓɗi e yoorooji keewɗi ina kaɗa golle faggudu e nder weeyo ngo. Feccere mawnde e miskineeɓe teeru gollotooɓe e ndema toɓooli e nder leyɗeele marginaal ɗe yooro heewi, tawaaɗe e hakkundeere e les njiimaandi ndii ina tampina no feewi yooro keewngo.[4] Feere weeyo ina jogii tawo batte keewɗe e yimɓe e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder weeyo Awash. Yoorooji mawzi e nder weeyo ngo addanii ustaare mawnde e ndema e maayde jawdi, zum addani veydaare e ŋakkeende nguura. Ustaare toɓooli seeɗa (5%) ina qiimee ina usta 5% e geɗe ndema (PIB) e nder baas oo, tawa ina usta 10% e geɗe ndema.[4] Ɗaɓɓaande ballal neɗɗankaagal ina heewi no feewi sabu ŋakkeende weeyo, ko wayi no kewuuji El Niño 2015/2016 baɗnooɗi yooro mawngo e jaabawol neɗɗankaagal jowitiingol e ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo e nder leydi ndii, tawi diiwanuuji keewɗi ɓurɗi teeŋtude ina tawee e nder geec Awash.[5] === Cuuɗi === Laabi ɓuuɓɗi e nder gure e nder gollorɗe ina pamɗi, ina ŋakki e nder maayo Awash. Ɗo ɗe ngoni ɗoo, ƴiiƴam majji (ko heewi ko bonnata) ina njuutee e maayooji ɓadiiɗi, ina mbonna ɗe.[18] Mawnugol gollorɗe e gure e nder geec maayo Awash bonnii no feewi ekosistem sabu tookeeji gonɗi e nder ndiyam. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder maayo Awash toowngo ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Golle anthropogenic e geogenic fof ina mballita e ŋakkeende nguura ndiyam teskaande.[6] Helmere geogenic firti ko mborosaaji baɗɗi e tagoore rewrude e tektonik, loope, cumu vulkanik, e geɗe ɓuuɓɗe ceene.[citation needed] Pollugol njamndi teddundi e nder ndiyam ɗam wontii huunde ɓeydotoonde saɗtude e nokkuuji e cellal yimɓe.[6] Industiriiji pollugol e nder maayo Awash ina njeyaa heen : liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe pentiir, liggorɗe hirsude, liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe birniiji, liggorɗe njaram, liggorɗe suukara, liggorɗe opitaaluuji, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe. Ndiyam mbonɗam ina naata e maayo ngoo gila e gure ko wayi no Adiis Abeba, Awash 7 Kilo, Ambo, Sebeta, Bishoftu, Gelan, Adama, Modjo. Rufngo ndema ina waawi wonde sabaabu pollugol njamndi teeŋtundi (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, U, e Zn) e nder geec, kadi ustude njamndi e nder gollorɗe ina waawi kadi addande njamndi teddundi toowndi ko wayi no As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Zn, e Pb.[6] === Kalite ndiyam === Wiɗto mbayliigu ndiyam maayo e hitaande 2023 hollitii wonde tolnooji toowɗi njamndi teeŋtundi, ko wayi no Al, Mn, Mo, As, V, Fe, e Ba kolliraama e teddeendi 1257 μg/L, 626,8 μg/L, 116,7 μg/L, 61,2 μg/07., 61,2 μg/051 μg/L, e 211,7 μg/L, ko noon. E nder 20 njamndi teddundi vurndi moxxude, 20 % e parametruuji nder nokkuuji wiztooji zi ina njogii dow keerol OMS wonande ndiyam njareteeɗam ; Al (157 μg/L), V (100,5 μg/L), Fe (1082,7 μg/L), Mn (626,8 μg/L), e Mo (103,8 μg/L) kolliraama e nokkuuji saraaji maayo ngoo.[6] Ɗum ko caɗeele nde tawnoo ndiyam ummortooɗam maayo ina huutoree ngam ɓuuɓnude ndiyam njareteeɗam e ɓuuɓnude.[citation needed] Heɓde mborosaaji gonɗi e nder ndiyam maayo ko huunde woɗnde. Ɗee geɗe ina mbaɗi leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo, geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder gollorɗe, e kemikaaji ndema. Toɓɓe toowɗe gonɗe e mborosaaji gonɗi e nder leydi njiytaa ko e wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2023 e nder maayo e nder ndiyam ɗam : "Pesticides, leɗɗe daabaaji, ñamri artificiel, e geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo njiytaa ko e sammeeji ummoriiɗi e denndaangal nokkuuji tawaaɗi (surface, leydi, e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam wonnoo ko e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam). Endocrine ɓulli ndiyam les leydi."[20] Ndiyam maayo e ndiyam les ɗam ɓuuɓɗam ina njokkondiri no feewi. Kosam ɗam e nder ndiyam maayo ina waawi bonnude ndiyam les ɗam e ko nanndi heen. Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2024, wiɗtii sifaaji ndiyam les ɗam e nder diiwaan Awash hakkundeejo ngam huutoraade ɗum e fannuuji keewɗi. Nde tawi ko mborosaaji ko wayi no arsenik, vanadium, gallium, litiyum, rubidium, krom, mangaan, njamndi, e sink tawaama ina keewi e nder ndiyam leslesam sara maayo Beseka, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko golle geɗe leydi, cumu ɓuuɓngu, e ɓuuɓgol kaaƴe.[8] Ko ɓuri feccere e ɓulli ndiyam leslesam ɗam moƴƴaani e yarde, ɗum noon ina addana renndooji nokkuuji ɗii caɗeele cellal mawɗe, tuugiiɗe e ɗeen ɓulli sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam laaɓɗam dow leydi.[8] E nder Basin Awash hakkundeejo e leydi ndii fof, njuuteendi ndiyam ko vuri heewde e tovo ngo ina famzi no haanirta nii, ina famzi no haanirta nii. Waɗi noon, nokkuuji nder ŋorol Awash dowri, haa teeŋti noon e saraaji Modjo, Bishoftu, Gelan, e Addis Abeba, ina keewi no feewi e ɓuuɓri ndi rewaani laawol e pollugol ndiyam les ɗam.[8] == Paleontoloji == Neɗɗaŋke ina wuuri e nder falnde Awash ko famɗi fof gila e fuɗɗoode tagoore ndee. Heddiiɓe e hominiduuji keewɗi ko adii aadee tawaama e nder Awash hakkundeejo.[21] Heddii ko tawaa e nder falnde Awash ko gila e yontaaji Miyosen, Pliosen, e fuɗɗoode Pleistosen (ko ina wona duuɓi miliyoŋaaji 5,6–2,5 jooni), ina heen kadi ƴiye Ostralopitesin keewɗe, ina heen "Lucy", neɗɗo ɓurɗo lollude e Ostralopiteku.[7][21] Hominideeji goɗɗi majjuɗi njiytaaɗi e nokku hee ina njeyaa heen Homo erectus e Ardipithecus. == Tariya == E teeminannde 16ɓiire maayo Awash ina wiyee maayo Dir mawngo, ina woni e leydi juulɓe.[22] === Teeminannde 20ɓiire === Oropnaajo gadano rewindaade laawol maayo Awash haa joofni e nder oasis Aussa ko Wilfred Thesiger e hitaande 1933/1934, o fuɗɗii ko e wuro Awash, rewi laawol maayo ngoo haa joofni e maayo Abhebad, jokki yahdu makko fuɗnaange haa Tadjoura. (Fooyre wiɗtiyanke biyeteeɗo L. M. Nesbitt rewi heen geɗel gootel e laawol Awash e hitaande 1928, o woppii maayo ngoo to Asaita, o yahri to fuɗnaange rewrude e Depression Afar haa o arti e maayo boɗeejo.[23]) E hitaande 1960, baraas Koka timminaama e dow maayo Awash e nokku mo 75 kiloomeeteer (47 mi) ummoraade Addis Abeba. E udditgol maggol, ngol wonti ƴulɓe mawɗe e nder nokku hee. Ladde ndiyam laaɓɗam ɗam, Lake Gelila (anndiraande kadi ko ɓuuɓri Koka), ina waɗi fotde 180 kiloomeeteer kaaree (69 miil kaaree). Ladde ndee e baraas oo fof ina hulɓinii sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki.[citation needed] == Renndo e pinal == Falnde Awash gila hedde 9° N dow ko galle aadaaji leñol Afar e leñol Issa Somali.[24] Falnde Awash naatnaama e nder Fatagar, Ifat, e Shewa.[25] Banke hakkunde leyɗeele Awash inniraa ko maayo Awash.[26] == Tuugnorgal == dtaibks5uap8ydp8uuhb1ujg0skyk1f 177145 177144 2026-06-29T08:08:51Z Nnamadee 11577 177145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash ; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik : ዐዋሽ , Afar : Hawaash We'ayot , Somali : Webiga Dir , Itaali : Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref>Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi : tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.[7] Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.[4] Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).[1] Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).[8] Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati : dow, hakkunde, e les.[8] Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori.[citation needed] Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow) : maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.[8] == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.[9] Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.[10] === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa.[citation needed] Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen : Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo.[citation needed] == Golle aadee e batte mum == Basin Awash woni ko ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde mettinde, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi.[6] Awash hakkundeejo ina anndaa e jogaade ndiyam mawɗam e tokosam, kam e njulaagu ndema e njulaagu suukara (Wenji, Methara, e njulaagu suukara Kesem).[8] === Ndiyam ɗam === Ndiyam gonɗam e nder gure mawɗe hono Addis Abeba, Mojo e Adama, e kadi, ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ngam leyɗeele ndema nokkuuje e njulaagu (hono ndema kaaƴe) fawii ko e maayo Awash e ŋore mum.[18] === Golle faggudu === Faggudu maayo Awash ɓuri heewde ko e ndema e sarwisaaji, tawi ko sakkitiiɗi ɗii ɓuri heewde e caka wuro mawngo Addis Abeba. Demal ina heewi huutoraade ndiyam (fotde 89 % e kuutoragol ndiyam e nder tovo ngo) ina teskaa wonde ina jokki wonde sabaabu vamtaare faggudu e nder duuvi garooji zi. Pewnugol gese haa teengti noon ko geze mawze e faggudu vursugol ngol, zum wonnoo ko vursugol jaawngol e nder duuvi cakkitiizi zi, zum wonnoo ko 7,9 % e yontere kala e nder tovo ngo, hakkunde 2004 e 2014. Haa e hitaande 2012, keewal ndema vursugol ngol ina famzi 2 % e kala ko ina wona[4]. Laddeeji ina pamɗi e nder maayo Awash, so wonaa seeɗa e leɗɗe eukaliptus tokoose. Yaasi Awash National Park savannaaji udditiiɗi e leɗɗe ina ɓadii ndema e gese. Ɗuum ina teskaa e denndaangal terɗe escarpment.[16] Ko ɗoon ɓuuɓri leɗɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee heddii no ngonka adanka savannaaji ɗii nii, tawi noon laral huɗo ngal lomtinaama e ndema. Ko tooweeki ɓurki toowde tan hollirta haa jooni leɗɗe jokkondirɗe. Feccere e laddeeji zi mbazaama e nokkuuji zi ndemaaka e laddeeji konifereeji zii. Gese ndema ɗee ko (endemik) teff, maaro, sorgo, ñebbe e leɗɗe.[16] Duunde ina famɗi ɗo ndema waawi wonde. Jawdi ndii ina ñaama e saraaji gese e saraaji laabi e dow ŋoral ŋoral. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabuuji ɓuuɓgol, sibu ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ina bonna heen seeɗa. Duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi ko huunde woowaande e nder weeyo Awash.[19] Kewuuji ɓuuɓɗi e yoorooji keewɗi ina kaɗa golle faggudu e nder weeyo ngo. Feccere mawnde e miskineeɓe teeru gollotooɓe e ndema toɓooli e nder leyɗeele marginaal ɗe yooro heewi, tawaaɗe e hakkundeere e les njiimaandi ndii ina tampina no feewi yooro keewngo.[4] Feere weeyo ina jogii tawo batte keewɗe e yimɓe e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder weeyo Awash. Yoorooji mawzi e nder weeyo ngo addanii ustaare mawnde e ndema e maayde jawdi, zum addani veydaare e ŋakkeende nguura. Ustaare toɓooli seeɗa (5%) ina qiimee ina usta 5% e geɗe ndema (PIB) e nder baas oo, tawa ina usta 10% e geɗe ndema.[4] Ɗaɓɓaande ballal neɗɗankaagal ina heewi no feewi sabu ŋakkeende weeyo, ko wayi no kewuuji El Niño 2015/2016 baɗnooɗi yooro mawngo e jaabawol neɗɗankaagal jowitiingol e ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo e nder leydi ndii, tawi diiwanuuji keewɗi ɓurɗi teeŋtude ina tawee e nder geec Awash.[5] === Cuuɗi === Laabi ɓuuɓɗi e nder gure e nder gollorɗe ina pamɗi, ina ŋakki e nder maayo Awash. Ɗo ɗe ngoni ɗoo, ƴiiƴam majji (ko heewi ko bonnata) ina njuutee e maayooji ɓadiiɗi, ina mbonna ɗe.[18] Mawnugol gollorɗe e gure e nder geec maayo Awash bonnii no feewi ekosistem sabu tookeeji gonɗi e nder ndiyam. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder maayo Awash toowngo ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Golle anthropogenic e geogenic fof ina mballita e ŋakkeende nguura ndiyam teskaande.[6] Helmere geogenic firti ko mborosaaji baɗɗi e tagoore rewrude e tektonik, loope, cumu vulkanik, e geɗe ɓuuɓɗe ceene.[citation needed] Pollugol njamndi teddundi e nder ndiyam ɗam wontii huunde ɓeydotoonde saɗtude e nokkuuji e cellal yimɓe.[6] Industiriiji pollugol e nder maayo Awash ina njeyaa heen : liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe pentiir, liggorɗe hirsude, liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe birniiji, liggorɗe njaram, liggorɗe suukara, liggorɗe opitaaluuji, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe. Ndiyam mbonɗam ina naata e maayo ngoo gila e gure ko wayi no Adiis Abeba, Awash 7 Kilo, Ambo, Sebeta, Bishoftu, Gelan, Adama, Modjo. Rufngo ndema ina waawi wonde sabaabu pollugol njamndi teeŋtundi (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, U, e Zn) e nder geec, kadi ustude njamndi e nder gollorɗe ina waawi kadi addande njamndi teddundi toowndi ko wayi no As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Zn, e Pb.[6] === Kalite ndiyam === Wiɗto mbayliigu ndiyam maayo e hitaande 2023 hollitii wonde tolnooji toowɗi njamndi teeŋtundi, ko wayi no Al, Mn, Mo, As, V, Fe, e Ba kolliraama e teddeendi 1257 μg/L, 626,8 μg/L, 116,7 μg/L, 61,2 μg/07., 61,2 μg/051 μg/L, e 211,7 μg/L, ko noon. E nder 20 njamndi teddundi vurndi moxxude, 20 % e parametruuji nder nokkuuji wiztooji zi ina njogii dow keerol OMS wonande ndiyam njareteeɗam ; Al (157 μg/L), V (100,5 μg/L), Fe (1082,7 μg/L), Mn (626,8 μg/L), e Mo (103,8 μg/L) kolliraama e nokkuuji saraaji maayo ngoo.[6] Ɗum ko caɗeele nde tawnoo ndiyam ummortooɗam maayo ina huutoree ngam ɓuuɓnude ndiyam njareteeɗam e ɓuuɓnude.[citation needed] Heɓde mborosaaji gonɗi e nder ndiyam maayo ko huunde woɗnde. Ɗee geɗe ina mbaɗi leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo, geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder gollorɗe, e kemikaaji ndema. Toɓɓe toowɗe gonɗe e mborosaaji gonɗi e nder leydi njiytaa ko e wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2023 e nder maayo e nder ndiyam ɗam : "Pesticides, leɗɗe daabaaji, ñamri artificiel, e geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo njiytaa ko e sammeeji ummoriiɗi e denndaangal nokkuuji tawaaɗi (surface, leydi, e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam wonnoo ko e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam). Endocrine ɓulli ndiyam les leydi."[20] Ndiyam maayo e ndiyam les ɗam ɓuuɓɗam ina njokkondiri no feewi. Kosam ɗam e nder ndiyam maayo ina waawi bonnude ndiyam les ɗam e ko nanndi heen. Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2024, wiɗtii sifaaji ndiyam les ɗam e nder diiwaan Awash hakkundeejo ngam huutoraade ɗum e fannuuji keewɗi. Nde tawi ko mborosaaji ko wayi no arsenik, vanadium, gallium, litiyum, rubidium, krom, mangaan, njamndi, e sink tawaama ina keewi e nder ndiyam leslesam sara maayo Beseka, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko golle geɗe leydi, cumu ɓuuɓngu, e ɓuuɓgol kaaƴe.[8] Ko ɓuri feccere e ɓulli ndiyam leslesam ɗam moƴƴaani e yarde, ɗum noon ina addana renndooji nokkuuji ɗii caɗeele cellal mawɗe, tuugiiɗe e ɗeen ɓulli sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam laaɓɗam dow leydi.[8] E nder Basin Awash hakkundeejo e leydi ndii fof, njuuteendi ndiyam ko vuri heewde e tovo ngo ina famzi no haanirta nii, ina famzi no haanirta nii. Waɗi noon, nokkuuji nder ŋorol Awash dowri, haa teeŋti noon e saraaji Modjo, Bishoftu, Gelan, e Addis Abeba, ina keewi no feewi e ɓuuɓri ndi rewaani laawol e pollugol ndiyam les ɗam.[8] == Paleontoloji == Neɗɗaŋke ina wuuri e nder falnde Awash ko famɗi fof gila e fuɗɗoode tagoore ndee. Heddiiɓe e hominiduuji keewɗi ko adii aadee tawaama e nder Awash hakkundeejo.[21] Heddii ko tawaa e nder falnde Awash ko gila e yontaaji Miyosen, Pliosen, e fuɗɗoode Pleistosen (ko ina wona duuɓi miliyoŋaaji 5,6–2,5 jooni), ina heen kadi ƴiye Ostralopitesin keewɗe, ina heen "Lucy", neɗɗo ɓurɗo lollude e Ostralopiteku.[7][21] Hominideeji goɗɗi majjuɗi njiytaaɗi e nokku hee ina njeyaa heen Homo erectus e Ardipithecus. == Tariya == E teeminannde 16ɓiire maayo Awash ina wiyee maayo Dir mawngo, ina woni e leydi juulɓe.[22] === Teeminannde 20ɓiire === Oropnaajo gadano rewindaade laawol maayo Awash haa joofni e nder oasis Aussa ko Wilfred Thesiger e hitaande 1933/1934, o fuɗɗii ko e wuro Awash, rewi laawol maayo ngoo haa joofni e maayo Abhebad, jokki yahdu makko fuɗnaange haa Tadjoura. (Fooyre wiɗtiyanke biyeteeɗo L. M. Nesbitt rewi heen geɗel gootel e laawol Awash e hitaande 1928, o woppii maayo ngoo to Asaita, o yahri to fuɗnaange rewrude e Depression Afar haa o arti e maayo boɗeejo.[23]) E hitaande 1960, baraas Koka timminaama e dow maayo Awash e nokku mo 75 kiloomeeteer (47 mi) ummoraade Addis Abeba. E udditgol maggol, ngol wonti ƴulɓe mawɗe e nder nokku hee. Ladde ndiyam laaɓɗam ɗam, Lake Gelila (anndiraande kadi ko ɓuuɓri Koka), ina waɗi fotde 180 kiloomeeteer kaaree (69 miil kaaree). Ladde ndee e baraas oo fof ina hulɓinii sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki.[citation needed] == Renndo e pinal == Falnde Awash gila hedde 9° N dow ko galle aadaaji leñol Afar e leñol Issa Somali.[24] Falnde Awash naatnaama e nder Fatagar, Ifat, e Shewa.[25] Banke hakkunde leyɗeele Awash inniraa ko maayo Awash.[26] == Tuugnorgal == 0hc8s866m5tzwqa8vj0m1n9ju33qrzk 177146 177145 2026-06-29T08:09:16Z Nnamadee 11577 177146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash ; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik : ዐዋሽ , Afar : Hawaash We'ayot , Somali : Webiga Dir , Itaali : Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref>Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi : tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.<ref name=":0">"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.<ref name=":0" /> Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.[4] Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).[1] Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).[8] Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati : dow, hakkunde, e les.[8] Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori.[citation needed] Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow) : maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.[8] == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.[9] Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.[10] === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa.[citation needed] Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen : Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo.[citation needed] == Golle aadee e batte mum == Basin Awash woni ko ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde mettinde, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi.[6] Awash hakkundeejo ina anndaa e jogaade ndiyam mawɗam e tokosam, kam e njulaagu ndema e njulaagu suukara (Wenji, Methara, e njulaagu suukara Kesem).[8] === Ndiyam ɗam === Ndiyam gonɗam e nder gure mawɗe hono Addis Abeba, Mojo e Adama, e kadi, ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ngam leyɗeele ndema nokkuuje e njulaagu (hono ndema kaaƴe) fawii ko e maayo Awash e ŋore mum.[18] === Golle faggudu === Faggudu maayo Awash ɓuri heewde ko e ndema e sarwisaaji, tawi ko sakkitiiɗi ɗii ɓuri heewde e caka wuro mawngo Addis Abeba. Demal ina heewi huutoraade ndiyam (fotde 89 % e kuutoragol ndiyam e nder tovo ngo) ina teskaa wonde ina jokki wonde sabaabu vamtaare faggudu e nder duuvi garooji zi. Pewnugol gese haa teengti noon ko geze mawze e faggudu vursugol ngol, zum wonnoo ko vursugol jaawngol e nder duuvi cakkitiizi zi, zum wonnoo ko 7,9 % e yontere kala e nder tovo ngo, hakkunde 2004 e 2014. Haa e hitaande 2012, keewal ndema vursugol ngol ina famzi 2 % e kala ko ina wona[4]. Laddeeji ina pamɗi e nder maayo Awash, so wonaa seeɗa e leɗɗe eukaliptus tokoose. Yaasi Awash National Park savannaaji udditiiɗi e leɗɗe ina ɓadii ndema e gese. Ɗuum ina teskaa e denndaangal terɗe escarpment.[16] Ko ɗoon ɓuuɓri leɗɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee heddii no ngonka adanka savannaaji ɗii nii, tawi noon laral huɗo ngal lomtinaama e ndema. Ko tooweeki ɓurki toowde tan hollirta haa jooni leɗɗe jokkondirɗe. Feccere e laddeeji zi mbazaama e nokkuuji zi ndemaaka e laddeeji konifereeji zii. Gese ndema ɗee ko (endemik) teff, maaro, sorgo, ñebbe e leɗɗe.[16] Duunde ina famɗi ɗo ndema waawi wonde. Jawdi ndii ina ñaama e saraaji gese e saraaji laabi e dow ŋoral ŋoral. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabuuji ɓuuɓgol, sibu ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ina bonna heen seeɗa. Duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi ko huunde woowaande e nder weeyo Awash.[19] Kewuuji ɓuuɓɗi e yoorooji keewɗi ina kaɗa golle faggudu e nder weeyo ngo. Feccere mawnde e miskineeɓe teeru gollotooɓe e ndema toɓooli e nder leyɗeele marginaal ɗe yooro heewi, tawaaɗe e hakkundeere e les njiimaandi ndii ina tampina no feewi yooro keewngo.[4] Feere weeyo ina jogii tawo batte keewɗe e yimɓe e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder weeyo Awash. Yoorooji mawzi e nder weeyo ngo addanii ustaare mawnde e ndema e maayde jawdi, zum addani veydaare e ŋakkeende nguura. Ustaare toɓooli seeɗa (5%) ina qiimee ina usta 5% e geɗe ndema (PIB) e nder baas oo, tawa ina usta 10% e geɗe ndema.[4] Ɗaɓɓaande ballal neɗɗankaagal ina heewi no feewi sabu ŋakkeende weeyo, ko wayi no kewuuji El Niño 2015/2016 baɗnooɗi yooro mawngo e jaabawol neɗɗankaagal jowitiingol e ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo e nder leydi ndii, tawi diiwanuuji keewɗi ɓurɗi teeŋtude ina tawee e nder geec Awash.[5] === Cuuɗi === Laabi ɓuuɓɗi e nder gure e nder gollorɗe ina pamɗi, ina ŋakki e nder maayo Awash. Ɗo ɗe ngoni ɗoo, ƴiiƴam majji (ko heewi ko bonnata) ina njuutee e maayooji ɓadiiɗi, ina mbonna ɗe.[18] Mawnugol gollorɗe e gure e nder geec maayo Awash bonnii no feewi ekosistem sabu tookeeji gonɗi e nder ndiyam. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder maayo Awash toowngo ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Golle anthropogenic e geogenic fof ina mballita e ŋakkeende nguura ndiyam teskaande.[6] Helmere geogenic firti ko mborosaaji baɗɗi e tagoore rewrude e tektonik, loope, cumu vulkanik, e geɗe ɓuuɓɗe ceene.[citation needed] Pollugol njamndi teddundi e nder ndiyam ɗam wontii huunde ɓeydotoonde saɗtude e nokkuuji e cellal yimɓe.[6] Industiriiji pollugol e nder maayo Awash ina njeyaa heen : liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe pentiir, liggorɗe hirsude, liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe birniiji, liggorɗe njaram, liggorɗe suukara, liggorɗe opitaaluuji, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe. Ndiyam mbonɗam ina naata e maayo ngoo gila e gure ko wayi no Adiis Abeba, Awash 7 Kilo, Ambo, Sebeta, Bishoftu, Gelan, Adama, Modjo. Rufngo ndema ina waawi wonde sabaabu pollugol njamndi teeŋtundi (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, U, e Zn) e nder geec, kadi ustude njamndi e nder gollorɗe ina waawi kadi addande njamndi teddundi toowndi ko wayi no As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Zn, e Pb.[6] === Kalite ndiyam === Wiɗto mbayliigu ndiyam maayo e hitaande 2023 hollitii wonde tolnooji toowɗi njamndi teeŋtundi, ko wayi no Al, Mn, Mo, As, V, Fe, e Ba kolliraama e teddeendi 1257 μg/L, 626,8 μg/L, 116,7 μg/L, 61,2 μg/07., 61,2 μg/051 μg/L, e 211,7 μg/L, ko noon. E nder 20 njamndi teddundi vurndi moxxude, 20 % e parametruuji nder nokkuuji wiztooji zi ina njogii dow keerol OMS wonande ndiyam njareteeɗam ; Al (157 μg/L), V (100,5 μg/L), Fe (1082,7 μg/L), Mn (626,8 μg/L), e Mo (103,8 μg/L) kolliraama e nokkuuji saraaji maayo ngoo.[6] Ɗum ko caɗeele nde tawnoo ndiyam ummortooɗam maayo ina huutoree ngam ɓuuɓnude ndiyam njareteeɗam e ɓuuɓnude.[citation needed] Heɓde mborosaaji gonɗi e nder ndiyam maayo ko huunde woɗnde. Ɗee geɗe ina mbaɗi leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo, geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder gollorɗe, e kemikaaji ndema. Toɓɓe toowɗe gonɗe e mborosaaji gonɗi e nder leydi njiytaa ko e wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2023 e nder maayo e nder ndiyam ɗam : "Pesticides, leɗɗe daabaaji, ñamri artificiel, e geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo njiytaa ko e sammeeji ummoriiɗi e denndaangal nokkuuji tawaaɗi (surface, leydi, e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam wonnoo ko e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam). Endocrine ɓulli ndiyam les leydi."[20] Ndiyam maayo e ndiyam les ɗam ɓuuɓɗam ina njokkondiri no feewi. Kosam ɗam e nder ndiyam maayo ina waawi bonnude ndiyam les ɗam e ko nanndi heen. Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2024, wiɗtii sifaaji ndiyam les ɗam e nder diiwaan Awash hakkundeejo ngam huutoraade ɗum e fannuuji keewɗi. Nde tawi ko mborosaaji ko wayi no arsenik, vanadium, gallium, litiyum, rubidium, krom, mangaan, njamndi, e sink tawaama ina keewi e nder ndiyam leslesam sara maayo Beseka, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko golle geɗe leydi, cumu ɓuuɓngu, e ɓuuɓgol kaaƴe.[8] Ko ɓuri feccere e ɓulli ndiyam leslesam ɗam moƴƴaani e yarde, ɗum noon ina addana renndooji nokkuuji ɗii caɗeele cellal mawɗe, tuugiiɗe e ɗeen ɓulli sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam laaɓɗam dow leydi.[8] E nder Basin Awash hakkundeejo e leydi ndii fof, njuuteendi ndiyam ko vuri heewde e tovo ngo ina famzi no haanirta nii, ina famzi no haanirta nii. Waɗi noon, nokkuuji nder ŋorol Awash dowri, haa teeŋti noon e saraaji Modjo, Bishoftu, Gelan, e Addis Abeba, ina keewi no feewi e ɓuuɓri ndi rewaani laawol e pollugol ndiyam les ɗam.[8] == Paleontoloji == Neɗɗaŋke ina wuuri e nder falnde Awash ko famɗi fof gila e fuɗɗoode tagoore ndee. Heddiiɓe e hominiduuji keewɗi ko adii aadee tawaama e nder Awash hakkundeejo.[21] Heddii ko tawaa e nder falnde Awash ko gila e yontaaji Miyosen, Pliosen, e fuɗɗoode Pleistosen (ko ina wona duuɓi miliyoŋaaji 5,6–2,5 jooni), ina heen kadi ƴiye Ostralopitesin keewɗe, ina heen "Lucy", neɗɗo ɓurɗo lollude e Ostralopiteku.[7][21] Hominideeji goɗɗi majjuɗi njiytaaɗi e nokku hee ina njeyaa heen Homo erectus e Ardipithecus. == Tariya == E teeminannde 16ɓiire maayo Awash ina wiyee maayo Dir mawngo, ina woni e leydi juulɓe.[22] === Teeminannde 20ɓiire === Oropnaajo gadano rewindaade laawol maayo Awash haa joofni e nder oasis Aussa ko Wilfred Thesiger e hitaande 1933/1934, o fuɗɗii ko e wuro Awash, rewi laawol maayo ngoo haa joofni e maayo Abhebad, jokki yahdu makko fuɗnaange haa Tadjoura. (Fooyre wiɗtiyanke biyeteeɗo L. M. Nesbitt rewi heen geɗel gootel e laawol Awash e hitaande 1928, o woppii maayo ngoo to Asaita, o yahri to fuɗnaange rewrude e Depression Afar haa o arti e maayo boɗeejo.[23]) E hitaande 1960, baraas Koka timminaama e dow maayo Awash e nokku mo 75 kiloomeeteer (47 mi) ummoraade Addis Abeba. E udditgol maggol, ngol wonti ƴulɓe mawɗe e nder nokku hee. Ladde ndiyam laaɓɗam ɗam, Lake Gelila (anndiraande kadi ko ɓuuɓri Koka), ina waɗi fotde 180 kiloomeeteer kaaree (69 miil kaaree). Ladde ndee e baraas oo fof ina hulɓinii sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki.[citation needed] == Renndo e pinal == Falnde Awash gila hedde 9° N dow ko galle aadaaji leñol Afar e leñol Issa Somali.[24] Falnde Awash naatnaama e nder Fatagar, Ifat, e Shewa.[25] Banke hakkunde leyɗeele Awash inniraa ko maayo Awash.[26] == Tuugnorgal == h7mqrtmnkjd6z94vefyh8xsbh37bsio 177147 177146 2026-06-29T08:11:44Z Nnamadee 11577 177147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik: ዐዋሽ , Afar: Hawaash We'ayot , Somali: Webiga Dir , Itaali: Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref name=":1">Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi: tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.<ref name=":0">"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.<ref name=":0" /> Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.<ref name=":1" /> Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).[1] Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).[8] Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati: dow, hakkunde, e les.[8] Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori. Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow): maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.[8] == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.[9] Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.[10] === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa. Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen: Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo. == Golle aadee e batte mum == Basin Awash woni ko ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde mettinde, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi.[6] Awash hakkundeejo ina anndaa e jogaade ndiyam mawɗam e tokosam, kam e njulaagu ndema e njulaagu suukara (Wenji, Methara, e njulaagu suukara Kesem).[8] === Ndiyam ɗam === Ndiyam gonɗam e nder gure mawɗe hono Addis Abeba, Mojo e Adama, e kadi, ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ngam leyɗeele ndema nokkuuje e njulaagu (hono ndema kaaƴe) fawii ko e maayo Awash e ŋore mum.[18] === Golle faggudu === Faggudu maayo Awash ɓuri heewde ko e ndema e sarwisaaji, tawi ko sakkitiiɗi ɗii ɓuri heewde e caka wuro mawngo Addis Abeba. Demal ina heewi huutoraade ndiyam (fotde 89% e kuutoragol ndiyam e nder tovo ngo) ina teskaa wonde ina jokki wonde sabaabu vamtaare faggudu e nder duuvi garooji zi. Pewnugol gese haa teengti noon ko geze mawze e faggudu vursugol ngol, zum wonnoo ko vursugol jaawngol e nder duuvi cakkitiizi zi, zum wonnoo ko 7,9% e yontere kala e nder tovo ngo, hakkunde 2004 e 2014. Haa e hitaande 2012, keewal ndema vursugol ngol ina famzi 2% e kala ko ina wona[4]. Laddeeji ina pamɗi e nder maayo Awash, so wonaa seeɗa e leɗɗe eukaliptus tokoose. Yaasi Awash National Park savannaaji udditiiɗi e leɗɗe ina ɓadii ndema e gese. Ɗuum ina teskaa e denndaangal terɗe escarpment.[16] Ko ɗoon ɓuuɓri leɗɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee heddii no ngonka adanka savannaaji ɗii nii, tawi noon laral huɗo ngal lomtinaama e ndema. Ko tooweeki ɓurki toowde tan hollirta haa jooni leɗɗe jokkondirɗe. Feccere e laddeeji zi mbazaama e nokkuuji zi ndemaaka e laddeeji konifereeji zii. Gese ndema ɗee ko (endemik) teff, maaro, sorgo, ñebbe e leɗɗe.[16] Duunde ina famɗi ɗo ndema waawi wonde. Jawdi ndii ina ñaama e saraaji gese e saraaji laabi e dow ŋoral ŋoral. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabuuji ɓuuɓgol, sibu ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ina bonna heen seeɗa. Duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi ko huunde woowaande e nder weeyo Awash.[19] Kewuuji ɓuuɓɗi e yoorooji keewɗi ina kaɗa golle faggudu e nder weeyo ngo. Feccere mawnde e miskineeɓe teeru gollotooɓe e ndema toɓooli e nder leyɗeele marginaal ɗe yooro heewi, tawaaɗe e hakkundeere e les njiimaandi ndii ina tampina no feewi yooro keewngo.[4] Feere weeyo ina jogii tawo batte keewɗe e yimɓe e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder weeyo Awash. Yoorooji mawzi e nder weeyo ngo addanii ustaare mawnde e ndema e maayde jawdi, zum addani veydaare e ŋakkeende nguura. Ustaare toɓooli seeɗa (5%) ina qiimee ina usta 5% e geɗe ndema (PIB) e nder baas oo, tawa ina usta 10% e geɗe ndema.[4] Ɗaɓɓaande ballal neɗɗankaagal ina heewi no feewi sabu ŋakkeende weeyo, ko wayi no kewuuji El Niño 2015/2016 baɗnooɗi yooro mawngo e jaabawol neɗɗankaagal jowitiingol e ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo e nder leydi ndii, tawi diiwanuuji keewɗi ɓurɗi teeŋtude ina tawee e nder geec Awash.[5] === Cuuɗi === Laabi ɓuuɓɗi e nder gure e nder gollorɗe ina pamɗi, ina ŋakki e nder maayo Awash. Ɗo ɗe ngoni ɗoo, ƴiiƴam majji (ko heewi ko bonnata) ina njuutee e maayooji ɓadiiɗi, ina mbonna ɗe.[18] Mawnugol gollorɗe e gure e nder geec maayo Awash bonnii no feewi ekosistem sabu tookeeji gonɗi e nder ndiyam. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder maayo Awash toowngo ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Golle anthropogenic e geogenic fof ina mballita e ŋakkeende nguura ndiyam teskaande.[6] Helmere geogenic firti ko mborosaaji baɗɗi e tagoore rewrude e tektonik, loope, cumu vulkanik, e geɗe ɓuuɓɗe ceene.[citation needed] Pollugol njamndi teddundi e nder ndiyam ɗam wontii huunde ɓeydotoonde saɗtude e nokkuuji e cellal yimɓe.[6] Industiriiji pollugol e nder maayo Awash ina njeyaa heen : liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe pentiir, liggorɗe hirsude, liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe birniiji, liggorɗe njaram, liggorɗe suukara, liggorɗe opitaaluuji, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe. Ndiyam mbonɗam ina naata e maayo ngoo gila e gure ko wayi no Adiis Abeba, Awash 7 Kilo, Ambo, Sebeta, Bishoftu, Gelan, Adama, Modjo. Rufngo ndema ina waawi wonde sabaabu pollugol njamndi teeŋtundi (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, U, e Zn) e nder geec, kadi ustude njamndi e nder gollorɗe ina waawi kadi addande njamndi teddundi toowndi ko wayi no As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Zn, e Pb.[6] === Kalite ndiyam === Wiɗto mbayliigu ndiyam maayo e hitaande 2023 hollitii wonde tolnooji toowɗi njamndi teeŋtundi, ko wayi no Al, Mn, Mo, As, V, Fe, e Ba kolliraama e teddeendi 1257 μg/L, 626,8 μg/L, 116,7 μg/L, 61,2 μg/07., 61,2 μg/051 μg/L, e 211,7 μg/L, ko noon. E nder 20 njamndi teddundi vurndi moxxude, 20 % e parametruuji nder nokkuuji wiztooji zi ina njogii dow keerol OMS wonande ndiyam njareteeɗam ; Al (157 μg/L), V (100,5 μg/L), Fe (1082,7 μg/L), Mn (626,8 μg/L), e Mo (103,8 μg/L) kolliraama e nokkuuji saraaji maayo ngoo.[6] Ɗum ko caɗeele nde tawnoo ndiyam ummortooɗam maayo ina huutoree ngam ɓuuɓnude ndiyam njareteeɗam e ɓuuɓnude.[citation needed] Heɓde mborosaaji gonɗi e nder ndiyam maayo ko huunde woɗnde. Ɗee geɗe ina mbaɗi leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo, geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder gollorɗe, e kemikaaji ndema. Toɓɓe toowɗe gonɗe e mborosaaji gonɗi e nder leydi njiytaa ko e wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2023 e nder maayo e nder ndiyam ɗam : "Pesticides, leɗɗe daabaaji, ñamri artificiel, e geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo njiytaa ko e sammeeji ummoriiɗi e denndaangal nokkuuji tawaaɗi (surface, leydi, e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam wonnoo ko e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam). Endocrine ɓulli ndiyam les leydi."[20] Ndiyam maayo e ndiyam les ɗam ɓuuɓɗam ina njokkondiri no feewi. Kosam ɗam e nder ndiyam maayo ina waawi bonnude ndiyam les ɗam e ko nanndi heen. Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2024, wiɗtii sifaaji ndiyam les ɗam e nder diiwaan Awash hakkundeejo ngam huutoraade ɗum e fannuuji keewɗi. Nde tawi ko mborosaaji ko wayi no arsenik, vanadium, gallium, litiyum, rubidium, krom, mangaan, njamndi, e sink tawaama ina keewi e nder ndiyam leslesam sara maayo Beseka, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko golle geɗe leydi, cumu ɓuuɓngu, e ɓuuɓgol kaaƴe.[8] Ko ɓuri feccere e ɓulli ndiyam leslesam ɗam moƴƴaani e yarde, ɗum noon ina addana renndooji nokkuuji ɗii caɗeele cellal mawɗe, tuugiiɗe e ɗeen ɓulli sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam laaɓɗam dow leydi.[8] E nder Basin Awash hakkundeejo e leydi ndii fof, njuuteendi ndiyam ko vuri heewde e tovo ngo ina famzi no haanirta nii, ina famzi no haanirta nii. Waɗi noon, nokkuuji nder ŋorol Awash dowri, haa teeŋti noon e saraaji Modjo, Bishoftu, Gelan, e Addis Abeba, ina keewi no feewi e ɓuuɓri ndi rewaani laawol e pollugol ndiyam les ɗam.[8] == Paleontoloji == Neɗɗaŋke ina wuuri e nder falnde Awash ko famɗi fof gila e fuɗɗoode tagoore ndee. Heddiiɓe e hominiduuji keewɗi ko adii aadee tawaama e nder Awash hakkundeejo.[21] Heddii ko tawaa e nder falnde Awash ko gila e yontaaji Miyosen, Pliosen, e fuɗɗoode Pleistosen (ko ina wona duuɓi miliyoŋaaji 5,6–2,5 jooni), ina heen kadi ƴiye Ostralopitesin keewɗe, ina heen "Lucy", neɗɗo ɓurɗo lollude e Ostralopiteku.[7][21] Hominideeji goɗɗi majjuɗi njiytaaɗi e nokku hee ina njeyaa heen Homo erectus e Ardipithecus. == Tariya == E teeminannde 16ɓiire maayo Awash ina wiyee maayo Dir mawngo, ina woni e leydi juulɓe.[22] === Teeminannde 20ɓiire === Oropnaajo gadano rewindaade laawol maayo Awash haa joofni e nder oasis Aussa ko Wilfred Thesiger e hitaande 1933/1934, o fuɗɗii ko e wuro Awash, rewi laawol maayo ngoo haa joofni e maayo Abhebad, jokki yahdu makko fuɗnaange haa Tadjoura. (Fooyre wiɗtiyanke biyeteeɗo L. M. Nesbitt rewi heen geɗel gootel e laawol Awash e hitaande 1928, o woppii maayo ngoo to Asaita, o yahri to fuɗnaange rewrude e Depression Afar haa o arti e maayo boɗeejo.[23]) E hitaande 1960, baraas Koka timminaama e dow maayo Awash e nokku mo 75 kiloomeeteer (47 mi) ummoraade Addis Abeba. E udditgol maggol, ngol wonti ƴulɓe mawɗe e nder nokku hee. Ladde ndiyam laaɓɗam ɗam, Lake Gelila (anndiraande kadi ko ɓuuɓri Koka), ina waɗi fotde 180 kiloomeeteer kaaree (69 miil kaaree). Ladde ndee e baraas oo fof ina hulɓinii sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki.[citation needed] == Renndo e pinal == Falnde Awash gila hedde 9° N dow ko galle aadaaji leñol Afar e leñol Issa Somali.[24] Falnde Awash naatnaama e nder Fatagar, Ifat, e Shewa.[25] Banke hakkunde leyɗeele Awash inniraa ko maayo Awash.[26] == Tuugnorgal == 578tl6ug4rvvfxczvmbrw30cgqoco6l 177148 177147 2026-06-29T08:13:00Z Nnamadee 11577 177148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik: ዐዋሽ , Afar: Hawaash We'ayot , Somali: Webiga Dir , Itaali: Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref name=":1">Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi: tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.<ref name=":0">"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.<ref name=":0" /> Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.<ref name=":1" /> Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).<ref>"Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)" Archived 2010-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)</ref> Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).[8] Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati: dow, hakkunde, e les.[8] Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori. Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow): maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.[8] == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.[9] Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.[10] === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa. Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen: Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo. == Golle aadee e batte mum == Basin Awash woni ko ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde mettinde, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi.[6] Awash hakkundeejo ina anndaa e jogaade ndiyam mawɗam e tokosam, kam e njulaagu ndema e njulaagu suukara (Wenji, Methara, e njulaagu suukara Kesem).[8] === Ndiyam ɗam === Ndiyam gonɗam e nder gure mawɗe hono Addis Abeba, Mojo e Adama, e kadi, ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ngam leyɗeele ndema nokkuuje e njulaagu (hono ndema kaaƴe) fawii ko e maayo Awash e ŋore mum.[18] === Golle faggudu === Faggudu maayo Awash ɓuri heewde ko e ndema e sarwisaaji, tawi ko sakkitiiɗi ɗii ɓuri heewde e caka wuro mawngo Addis Abeba. Demal ina heewi huutoraade ndiyam (fotde 89% e kuutoragol ndiyam e nder tovo ngo) ina teskaa wonde ina jokki wonde sabaabu vamtaare faggudu e nder duuvi garooji zi. Pewnugol gese haa teengti noon ko geze mawze e faggudu vursugol ngol, zum wonnoo ko vursugol jaawngol e nder duuvi cakkitiizi zi, zum wonnoo ko 7,9% e yontere kala e nder tovo ngo, hakkunde 2004 e 2014. Haa e hitaande 2012, keewal ndema vursugol ngol ina famzi 2% e kala ko ina wona[4]. Laddeeji ina pamɗi e nder maayo Awash, so wonaa seeɗa e leɗɗe eukaliptus tokoose. Yaasi Awash National Park savannaaji udditiiɗi e leɗɗe ina ɓadii ndema e gese. Ɗuum ina teskaa e denndaangal terɗe escarpment.[16] Ko ɗoon ɓuuɓri leɗɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee heddii no ngonka adanka savannaaji ɗii nii, tawi noon laral huɗo ngal lomtinaama e ndema. Ko tooweeki ɓurki toowde tan hollirta haa jooni leɗɗe jokkondirɗe. Feccere e laddeeji zi mbazaama e nokkuuji zi ndemaaka e laddeeji konifereeji zii. Gese ndema ɗee ko (endemik) teff, maaro, sorgo, ñebbe e leɗɗe.[16] Duunde ina famɗi ɗo ndema waawi wonde. Jawdi ndii ina ñaama e saraaji gese e saraaji laabi e dow ŋoral ŋoral. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabuuji ɓuuɓgol, sibu ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ina bonna heen seeɗa. Duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi ko huunde woowaande e nder weeyo Awash.[19] Kewuuji ɓuuɓɗi e yoorooji keewɗi ina kaɗa golle faggudu e nder weeyo ngo. Feccere mawnde e miskineeɓe teeru gollotooɓe e ndema toɓooli e nder leyɗeele marginaal ɗe yooro heewi, tawaaɗe e hakkundeere e les njiimaandi ndii ina tampina no feewi yooro keewngo.[4] Feere weeyo ina jogii tawo batte keewɗe e yimɓe e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder weeyo Awash. Yoorooji mawzi e nder weeyo ngo addanii ustaare mawnde e ndema e maayde jawdi, zum addani veydaare e ŋakkeende nguura. Ustaare toɓooli seeɗa (5%) ina qiimee ina usta 5% e geɗe ndema (PIB) e nder baas oo, tawa ina usta 10% e geɗe ndema.[4] Ɗaɓɓaande ballal neɗɗankaagal ina heewi no feewi sabu ŋakkeende weeyo, ko wayi no kewuuji El Niño 2015/2016 baɗnooɗi yooro mawngo e jaabawol neɗɗankaagal jowitiingol e ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo e nder leydi ndii, tawi diiwanuuji keewɗi ɓurɗi teeŋtude ina tawee e nder geec Awash.[5] === Cuuɗi === Laabi ɓuuɓɗi e nder gure e nder gollorɗe ina pamɗi, ina ŋakki e nder maayo Awash. Ɗo ɗe ngoni ɗoo, ƴiiƴam majji (ko heewi ko bonnata) ina njuutee e maayooji ɓadiiɗi, ina mbonna ɗe.[18] Mawnugol gollorɗe e gure e nder geec maayo Awash bonnii no feewi ekosistem sabu tookeeji gonɗi e nder ndiyam. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder maayo Awash toowngo ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Golle anthropogenic e geogenic fof ina mballita e ŋakkeende nguura ndiyam teskaande.[6] Helmere geogenic firti ko mborosaaji baɗɗi e tagoore rewrude e tektonik, loope, cumu vulkanik, e geɗe ɓuuɓɗe ceene.[citation needed] Pollugol njamndi teddundi e nder ndiyam ɗam wontii huunde ɓeydotoonde saɗtude e nokkuuji e cellal yimɓe.[6] Industiriiji pollugol e nder maayo Awash ina njeyaa heen : liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe pentiir, liggorɗe hirsude, liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe birniiji, liggorɗe njaram, liggorɗe suukara, liggorɗe opitaaluuji, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe. Ndiyam mbonɗam ina naata e maayo ngoo gila e gure ko wayi no Adiis Abeba, Awash 7 Kilo, Ambo, Sebeta, Bishoftu, Gelan, Adama, Modjo. Rufngo ndema ina waawi wonde sabaabu pollugol njamndi teeŋtundi (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, U, e Zn) e nder geec, kadi ustude njamndi e nder gollorɗe ina waawi kadi addande njamndi teddundi toowndi ko wayi no As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Zn, e Pb.[6] === Kalite ndiyam === Wiɗto mbayliigu ndiyam maayo e hitaande 2023 hollitii wonde tolnooji toowɗi njamndi teeŋtundi, ko wayi no Al, Mn, Mo, As, V, Fe, e Ba kolliraama e teddeendi 1257 μg/L, 626,8 μg/L, 116,7 μg/L, 61,2 μg/07., 61,2 μg/051 μg/L, e 211,7 μg/L, ko noon. E nder 20 njamndi teddundi vurndi moxxude, 20 % e parametruuji nder nokkuuji wiztooji zi ina njogii dow keerol OMS wonande ndiyam njareteeɗam ; Al (157 μg/L), V (100,5 μg/L), Fe (1082,7 μg/L), Mn (626,8 μg/L), e Mo (103,8 μg/L) kolliraama e nokkuuji saraaji maayo ngoo.[6] Ɗum ko caɗeele nde tawnoo ndiyam ummortooɗam maayo ina huutoree ngam ɓuuɓnude ndiyam njareteeɗam e ɓuuɓnude.[citation needed] Heɓde mborosaaji gonɗi e nder ndiyam maayo ko huunde woɗnde. Ɗee geɗe ina mbaɗi leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo, geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder gollorɗe, e kemikaaji ndema. Toɓɓe toowɗe gonɗe e mborosaaji gonɗi e nder leydi njiytaa ko e wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2023 e nder maayo e nder ndiyam ɗam : "Pesticides, leɗɗe daabaaji, ñamri artificiel, e geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo njiytaa ko e sammeeji ummoriiɗi e denndaangal nokkuuji tawaaɗi (surface, leydi, e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam wonnoo ko e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam). Endocrine ɓulli ndiyam les leydi."[20] Ndiyam maayo e ndiyam les ɗam ɓuuɓɗam ina njokkondiri no feewi. Kosam ɗam e nder ndiyam maayo ina waawi bonnude ndiyam les ɗam e ko nanndi heen. Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2024, wiɗtii sifaaji ndiyam les ɗam e nder diiwaan Awash hakkundeejo ngam huutoraade ɗum e fannuuji keewɗi. Nde tawi ko mborosaaji ko wayi no arsenik, vanadium, gallium, litiyum, rubidium, krom, mangaan, njamndi, e sink tawaama ina keewi e nder ndiyam leslesam sara maayo Beseka, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko golle geɗe leydi, cumu ɓuuɓngu, e ɓuuɓgol kaaƴe.[8] Ko ɓuri feccere e ɓulli ndiyam leslesam ɗam moƴƴaani e yarde, ɗum noon ina addana renndooji nokkuuji ɗii caɗeele cellal mawɗe, tuugiiɗe e ɗeen ɓulli sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam laaɓɗam dow leydi.[8] E nder Basin Awash hakkundeejo e leydi ndii fof, njuuteendi ndiyam ko vuri heewde e tovo ngo ina famzi no haanirta nii, ina famzi no haanirta nii. Waɗi noon, nokkuuji nder ŋorol Awash dowri, haa teeŋti noon e saraaji Modjo, Bishoftu, Gelan, e Addis Abeba, ina keewi no feewi e ɓuuɓri ndi rewaani laawol e pollugol ndiyam les ɗam.[8] == Paleontoloji == Neɗɗaŋke ina wuuri e nder falnde Awash ko famɗi fof gila e fuɗɗoode tagoore ndee. Heddiiɓe e hominiduuji keewɗi ko adii aadee tawaama e nder Awash hakkundeejo.[21] Heddii ko tawaa e nder falnde Awash ko gila e yontaaji Miyosen, Pliosen, e fuɗɗoode Pleistosen (ko ina wona duuɓi miliyoŋaaji 5,6–2,5 jooni), ina heen kadi ƴiye Ostralopitesin keewɗe, ina heen "Lucy", neɗɗo ɓurɗo lollude e Ostralopiteku.[7][21] Hominideeji goɗɗi majjuɗi njiytaaɗi e nokku hee ina njeyaa heen Homo erectus e Ardipithecus. == Tariya == E teeminannde 16ɓiire maayo Awash ina wiyee maayo Dir mawngo, ina woni e leydi juulɓe.[22] === Teeminannde 20ɓiire === Oropnaajo gadano rewindaade laawol maayo Awash haa joofni e nder oasis Aussa ko Wilfred Thesiger e hitaande 1933/1934, o fuɗɗii ko e wuro Awash, rewi laawol maayo ngoo haa joofni e maayo Abhebad, jokki yahdu makko fuɗnaange haa Tadjoura. (Fooyre wiɗtiyanke biyeteeɗo L. M. Nesbitt rewi heen geɗel gootel e laawol Awash e hitaande 1928, o woppii maayo ngoo to Asaita, o yahri to fuɗnaange rewrude e Depression Afar haa o arti e maayo boɗeejo.[23]) E hitaande 1960, baraas Koka timminaama e dow maayo Awash e nokku mo 75 kiloomeeteer (47 mi) ummoraade Addis Abeba. E udditgol maggol, ngol wonti ƴulɓe mawɗe e nder nokku hee. Ladde ndiyam laaɓɗam ɗam, Lake Gelila (anndiraande kadi ko ɓuuɓri Koka), ina waɗi fotde 180 kiloomeeteer kaaree (69 miil kaaree). Ladde ndee e baraas oo fof ina hulɓinii sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki.[citation needed] == Renndo e pinal == Falnde Awash gila hedde 9° N dow ko galle aadaaji leñol Afar e leñol Issa Somali.[24] Falnde Awash naatnaama e nder Fatagar, Ifat, e Shewa.[25] Banke hakkunde leyɗeele Awash inniraa ko maayo Awash.[26] == Tuugnorgal == gzhpgchkvgp5g8vw4051xpgzochn8ke 177149 177148 2026-06-29T08:13:53Z Nnamadee 11577 177149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik: ዐዋሽ , Afar: Hawaash We'ayot , Somali: Webiga Dir , Itaali: Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref name=":1">Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi: tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.<ref name=":0">"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.<ref name=":0" /> Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.<ref name=":1" /> Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).<ref>"Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)" Archived 2010-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)</ref> Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).[8] Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati: dow, hakkunde, e les.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Alemayehu, Taye; Birhanu, Behailu; Alamirew, Tena; Alemayehu, Esayas (2024). "Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use". Sustainability. 16 (12): 5257. Bibcode:2024Sust...16.5257A. doi:10.3390/su16125257. ISSN 2071-1050. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori. Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow): maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.[8] == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.[9] Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.[10] === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa. Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen: Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo. == Golle aadee e batte mum == Basin Awash woni ko ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde mettinde, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi.[6] Awash hakkundeejo ina anndaa e jogaade ndiyam mawɗam e tokosam, kam e njulaagu ndema e njulaagu suukara (Wenji, Methara, e njulaagu suukara Kesem).[8] === Ndiyam ɗam === Ndiyam gonɗam e nder gure mawɗe hono Addis Abeba, Mojo e Adama, e kadi, ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ngam leyɗeele ndema nokkuuje e njulaagu (hono ndema kaaƴe) fawii ko e maayo Awash e ŋore mum.[18] === Golle faggudu === Faggudu maayo Awash ɓuri heewde ko e ndema e sarwisaaji, tawi ko sakkitiiɗi ɗii ɓuri heewde e caka wuro mawngo Addis Abeba. Demal ina heewi huutoraade ndiyam (fotde 89% e kuutoragol ndiyam e nder tovo ngo) ina teskaa wonde ina jokki wonde sabaabu vamtaare faggudu e nder duuvi garooji zi. Pewnugol gese haa teengti noon ko geze mawze e faggudu vursugol ngol, zum wonnoo ko vursugol jaawngol e nder duuvi cakkitiizi zi, zum wonnoo ko 7,9% e yontere kala e nder tovo ngo, hakkunde 2004 e 2014. Haa e hitaande 2012, keewal ndema vursugol ngol ina famzi 2% e kala ko ina wona[4]. Laddeeji ina pamɗi e nder maayo Awash, so wonaa seeɗa e leɗɗe eukaliptus tokoose. Yaasi Awash National Park savannaaji udditiiɗi e leɗɗe ina ɓadii ndema e gese. Ɗuum ina teskaa e denndaangal terɗe escarpment.[16] Ko ɗoon ɓuuɓri leɗɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee heddii no ngonka adanka savannaaji ɗii nii, tawi noon laral huɗo ngal lomtinaama e ndema. Ko tooweeki ɓurki toowde tan hollirta haa jooni leɗɗe jokkondirɗe. Feccere e laddeeji zi mbazaama e nokkuuji zi ndemaaka e laddeeji konifereeji zii. Gese ndema ɗee ko (endemik) teff, maaro, sorgo, ñebbe e leɗɗe.[16] Duunde ina famɗi ɗo ndema waawi wonde. Jawdi ndii ina ñaama e saraaji gese e saraaji laabi e dow ŋoral ŋoral. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabuuji ɓuuɓgol, sibu ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ina bonna heen seeɗa. Duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi ko huunde woowaande e nder weeyo Awash.[19] Kewuuji ɓuuɓɗi e yoorooji keewɗi ina kaɗa golle faggudu e nder weeyo ngo. Feccere mawnde e miskineeɓe teeru gollotooɓe e ndema toɓooli e nder leyɗeele marginaal ɗe yooro heewi, tawaaɗe e hakkundeere e les njiimaandi ndii ina tampina no feewi yooro keewngo.[4] Feere weeyo ina jogii tawo batte keewɗe e yimɓe e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder weeyo Awash. Yoorooji mawzi e nder weeyo ngo addanii ustaare mawnde e ndema e maayde jawdi, zum addani veydaare e ŋakkeende nguura. Ustaare toɓooli seeɗa (5%) ina qiimee ina usta 5% e geɗe ndema (PIB) e nder baas oo, tawa ina usta 10% e geɗe ndema.[4] Ɗaɓɓaande ballal neɗɗankaagal ina heewi no feewi sabu ŋakkeende weeyo, ko wayi no kewuuji El Niño 2015/2016 baɗnooɗi yooro mawngo e jaabawol neɗɗankaagal jowitiingol e ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo e nder leydi ndii, tawi diiwanuuji keewɗi ɓurɗi teeŋtude ina tawee e nder geec Awash.[5] === Cuuɗi === Laabi ɓuuɓɗi e nder gure e nder gollorɗe ina pamɗi, ina ŋakki e nder maayo Awash. Ɗo ɗe ngoni ɗoo, ƴiiƴam majji (ko heewi ko bonnata) ina njuutee e maayooji ɓadiiɗi, ina mbonna ɗe.[18] Mawnugol gollorɗe e gure e nder geec maayo Awash bonnii no feewi ekosistem sabu tookeeji gonɗi e nder ndiyam. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder maayo Awash toowngo ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Golle anthropogenic e geogenic fof ina mballita e ŋakkeende nguura ndiyam teskaande.[6] Helmere geogenic firti ko mborosaaji baɗɗi e tagoore rewrude e tektonik, loope, cumu vulkanik, e geɗe ɓuuɓɗe ceene.[citation needed] Pollugol njamndi teddundi e nder ndiyam ɗam wontii huunde ɓeydotoonde saɗtude e nokkuuji e cellal yimɓe.[6] Industiriiji pollugol e nder maayo Awash ina njeyaa heen : liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe pentiir, liggorɗe hirsude, liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe birniiji, liggorɗe njaram, liggorɗe suukara, liggorɗe opitaaluuji, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe. Ndiyam mbonɗam ina naata e maayo ngoo gila e gure ko wayi no Adiis Abeba, Awash 7 Kilo, Ambo, Sebeta, Bishoftu, Gelan, Adama, Modjo. Rufngo ndema ina waawi wonde sabaabu pollugol njamndi teeŋtundi (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, U, e Zn) e nder geec, kadi ustude njamndi e nder gollorɗe ina waawi kadi addande njamndi teddundi toowndi ko wayi no As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Zn, e Pb.[6] === Kalite ndiyam === Wiɗto mbayliigu ndiyam maayo e hitaande 2023 hollitii wonde tolnooji toowɗi njamndi teeŋtundi, ko wayi no Al, Mn, Mo, As, V, Fe, e Ba kolliraama e teddeendi 1257 μg/L, 626,8 μg/L, 116,7 μg/L, 61,2 μg/07., 61,2 μg/051 μg/L, e 211,7 μg/L, ko noon. E nder 20 njamndi teddundi vurndi moxxude, 20 % e parametruuji nder nokkuuji wiztooji zi ina njogii dow keerol OMS wonande ndiyam njareteeɗam ; Al (157 μg/L), V (100,5 μg/L), Fe (1082,7 μg/L), Mn (626,8 μg/L), e Mo (103,8 μg/L) kolliraama e nokkuuji saraaji maayo ngoo.[6] Ɗum ko caɗeele nde tawnoo ndiyam ummortooɗam maayo ina huutoree ngam ɓuuɓnude ndiyam njareteeɗam e ɓuuɓnude.[citation needed] Heɓde mborosaaji gonɗi e nder ndiyam maayo ko huunde woɗnde. Ɗee geɗe ina mbaɗi leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo, geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder gollorɗe, e kemikaaji ndema. Toɓɓe toowɗe gonɗe e mborosaaji gonɗi e nder leydi njiytaa ko e wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2023 e nder maayo e nder ndiyam ɗam : "Pesticides, leɗɗe daabaaji, ñamri artificiel, e geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo njiytaa ko e sammeeji ummoriiɗi e denndaangal nokkuuji tawaaɗi (surface, leydi, e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam wonnoo ko e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam). Endocrine ɓulli ndiyam les leydi."[20] Ndiyam maayo e ndiyam les ɗam ɓuuɓɗam ina njokkondiri no feewi. Kosam ɗam e nder ndiyam maayo ina waawi bonnude ndiyam les ɗam e ko nanndi heen. Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2024, wiɗtii sifaaji ndiyam les ɗam e nder diiwaan Awash hakkundeejo ngam huutoraade ɗum e fannuuji keewɗi. Nde tawi ko mborosaaji ko wayi no arsenik, vanadium, gallium, litiyum, rubidium, krom, mangaan, njamndi, e sink tawaama ina keewi e nder ndiyam leslesam sara maayo Beseka, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko golle geɗe leydi, cumu ɓuuɓngu, e ɓuuɓgol kaaƴe.[8] Ko ɓuri feccere e ɓulli ndiyam leslesam ɗam moƴƴaani e yarde, ɗum noon ina addana renndooji nokkuuji ɗii caɗeele cellal mawɗe, tuugiiɗe e ɗeen ɓulli sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam laaɓɗam dow leydi.[8] E nder Basin Awash hakkundeejo e leydi ndii fof, njuuteendi ndiyam ko vuri heewde e tovo ngo ina famzi no haanirta nii, ina famzi no haanirta nii. Waɗi noon, nokkuuji nder ŋorol Awash dowri, haa teeŋti noon e saraaji Modjo, Bishoftu, Gelan, e Addis Abeba, ina keewi no feewi e ɓuuɓri ndi rewaani laawol e pollugol ndiyam les ɗam.[8] == Paleontoloji == Neɗɗaŋke ina wuuri e nder falnde Awash ko famɗi fof gila e fuɗɗoode tagoore ndee. Heddiiɓe e hominiduuji keewɗi ko adii aadee tawaama e nder Awash hakkundeejo.[21] Heddii ko tawaa e nder falnde Awash ko gila e yontaaji Miyosen, Pliosen, e fuɗɗoode Pleistosen (ko ina wona duuɓi miliyoŋaaji 5,6–2,5 jooni), ina heen kadi ƴiye Ostralopitesin keewɗe, ina heen "Lucy", neɗɗo ɓurɗo lollude e Ostralopiteku.[7][21] Hominideeji goɗɗi majjuɗi njiytaaɗi e nokku hee ina njeyaa heen Homo erectus e Ardipithecus. == Tariya == E teeminannde 16ɓiire maayo Awash ina wiyee maayo Dir mawngo, ina woni e leydi juulɓe.[22] === Teeminannde 20ɓiire === Oropnaajo gadano rewindaade laawol maayo Awash haa joofni e nder oasis Aussa ko Wilfred Thesiger e hitaande 1933/1934, o fuɗɗii ko e wuro Awash, rewi laawol maayo ngoo haa joofni e maayo Abhebad, jokki yahdu makko fuɗnaange haa Tadjoura. (Fooyre wiɗtiyanke biyeteeɗo L. M. Nesbitt rewi heen geɗel gootel e laawol Awash e hitaande 1928, o woppii maayo ngoo to Asaita, o yahri to fuɗnaange rewrude e Depression Afar haa o arti e maayo boɗeejo.[23]) E hitaande 1960, baraas Koka timminaama e dow maayo Awash e nokku mo 75 kiloomeeteer (47 mi) ummoraade Addis Abeba. E udditgol maggol, ngol wonti ƴulɓe mawɗe e nder nokku hee. Ladde ndiyam laaɓɗam ɗam, Lake Gelila (anndiraande kadi ko ɓuuɓri Koka), ina waɗi fotde 180 kiloomeeteer kaaree (69 miil kaaree). Ladde ndee e baraas oo fof ina hulɓinii sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki.[citation needed] == Renndo e pinal == Falnde Awash gila hedde 9° N dow ko galle aadaaji leñol Afar e leñol Issa Somali.[24] Falnde Awash naatnaama e nder Fatagar, Ifat, e Shewa.[25] Banke hakkunde leyɗeele Awash inniraa ko maayo Awash.[26] == Tuugnorgal == g8m0zw9te5atinbrllnlz663sq90vgl 177150 177149 2026-06-29T08:14:21Z Nnamadee 11577 177150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik: ዐዋሽ , Afar: Hawaash We'ayot , Somali: Webiga Dir , Itaali: Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref name=":1">Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi: tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.<ref name=":0">"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.<ref name=":0" /> Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.<ref name=":1" /> Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).<ref>"Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)" Archived 2010-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)</ref> Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).<ref name=":2" /> Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati: dow, hakkunde, e les.<ref name=":2">Abebe, Yosef; Alemayehu, Taye; Birhanu, Behailu; Alamirew, Tena; Alemayehu, Esayas (2024). "Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use". Sustainability. 16 (12): 5257. Bibcode:2024Sust...16.5257A. doi:10.3390/su16125257. ISSN 2071-1050. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori. Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow): maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.[8] == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.[9] Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.[10] === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa. Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen: Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo. == Golle aadee e batte mum == Basin Awash woni ko ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde mettinde, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi.[6] Awash hakkundeejo ina anndaa e jogaade ndiyam mawɗam e tokosam, kam e njulaagu ndema e njulaagu suukara (Wenji, Methara, e njulaagu suukara Kesem).[8] === Ndiyam ɗam === Ndiyam gonɗam e nder gure mawɗe hono Addis Abeba, Mojo e Adama, e kadi, ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ngam leyɗeele ndema nokkuuje e njulaagu (hono ndema kaaƴe) fawii ko e maayo Awash e ŋore mum.[18] === Golle faggudu === Faggudu maayo Awash ɓuri heewde ko e ndema e sarwisaaji, tawi ko sakkitiiɗi ɗii ɓuri heewde e caka wuro mawngo Addis Abeba. Demal ina heewi huutoraade ndiyam (fotde 89% e kuutoragol ndiyam e nder tovo ngo) ina teskaa wonde ina jokki wonde sabaabu vamtaare faggudu e nder duuvi garooji zi. Pewnugol gese haa teengti noon ko geze mawze e faggudu vursugol ngol, zum wonnoo ko vursugol jaawngol e nder duuvi cakkitiizi zi, zum wonnoo ko 7,9% e yontere kala e nder tovo ngo, hakkunde 2004 e 2014. Haa e hitaande 2012, keewal ndema vursugol ngol ina famzi 2% e kala ko ina wona[4]. Laddeeji ina pamɗi e nder maayo Awash, so wonaa seeɗa e leɗɗe eukaliptus tokoose. Yaasi Awash National Park savannaaji udditiiɗi e leɗɗe ina ɓadii ndema e gese. Ɗuum ina teskaa e denndaangal terɗe escarpment.[16] Ko ɗoon ɓuuɓri leɗɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee heddii no ngonka adanka savannaaji ɗii nii, tawi noon laral huɗo ngal lomtinaama e ndema. Ko tooweeki ɓurki toowde tan hollirta haa jooni leɗɗe jokkondirɗe. Feccere e laddeeji zi mbazaama e nokkuuji zi ndemaaka e laddeeji konifereeji zii. Gese ndema ɗee ko (endemik) teff, maaro, sorgo, ñebbe e leɗɗe.[16] Duunde ina famɗi ɗo ndema waawi wonde. Jawdi ndii ina ñaama e saraaji gese e saraaji laabi e dow ŋoral ŋoral. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabuuji ɓuuɓgol, sibu ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ina bonna heen seeɗa. Duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi ko huunde woowaande e nder weeyo Awash.[19] Kewuuji ɓuuɓɗi e yoorooji keewɗi ina kaɗa golle faggudu e nder weeyo ngo. Feccere mawnde e miskineeɓe teeru gollotooɓe e ndema toɓooli e nder leyɗeele marginaal ɗe yooro heewi, tawaaɗe e hakkundeere e les njiimaandi ndii ina tampina no feewi yooro keewngo.[4] Feere weeyo ina jogii tawo batte keewɗe e yimɓe e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder weeyo Awash. Yoorooji mawzi e nder weeyo ngo addanii ustaare mawnde e ndema e maayde jawdi, zum addani veydaare e ŋakkeende nguura. Ustaare toɓooli seeɗa (5%) ina qiimee ina usta 5% e geɗe ndema (PIB) e nder baas oo, tawa ina usta 10% e geɗe ndema.[4] Ɗaɓɓaande ballal neɗɗankaagal ina heewi no feewi sabu ŋakkeende weeyo, ko wayi no kewuuji El Niño 2015/2016 baɗnooɗi yooro mawngo e jaabawol neɗɗankaagal jowitiingol e ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo e nder leydi ndii, tawi diiwanuuji keewɗi ɓurɗi teeŋtude ina tawee e nder geec Awash.[5] === Cuuɗi === Laabi ɓuuɓɗi e nder gure e nder gollorɗe ina pamɗi, ina ŋakki e nder maayo Awash. Ɗo ɗe ngoni ɗoo, ƴiiƴam majji (ko heewi ko bonnata) ina njuutee e maayooji ɓadiiɗi, ina mbonna ɗe.[18] Mawnugol gollorɗe e gure e nder geec maayo Awash bonnii no feewi ekosistem sabu tookeeji gonɗi e nder ndiyam. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder maayo Awash toowngo ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Golle anthropogenic e geogenic fof ina mballita e ŋakkeende nguura ndiyam teskaande.[6] Helmere geogenic firti ko mborosaaji baɗɗi e tagoore rewrude e tektonik, loope, cumu vulkanik, e geɗe ɓuuɓɗe ceene.[citation needed] Pollugol njamndi teddundi e nder ndiyam ɗam wontii huunde ɓeydotoonde saɗtude e nokkuuji e cellal yimɓe.[6] Industiriiji pollugol e nder maayo Awash ina njeyaa heen : liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe pentiir, liggorɗe hirsude, liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe birniiji, liggorɗe njaram, liggorɗe suukara, liggorɗe opitaaluuji, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe. Ndiyam mbonɗam ina naata e maayo ngoo gila e gure ko wayi no Adiis Abeba, Awash 7 Kilo, Ambo, Sebeta, Bishoftu, Gelan, Adama, Modjo. Rufngo ndema ina waawi wonde sabaabu pollugol njamndi teeŋtundi (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, U, e Zn) e nder geec, kadi ustude njamndi e nder gollorɗe ina waawi kadi addande njamndi teddundi toowndi ko wayi no As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Zn, e Pb.[6] === Kalite ndiyam === Wiɗto mbayliigu ndiyam maayo e hitaande 2023 hollitii wonde tolnooji toowɗi njamndi teeŋtundi, ko wayi no Al, Mn, Mo, As, V, Fe, e Ba kolliraama e teddeendi 1257 μg/L, 626,8 μg/L, 116,7 μg/L, 61,2 μg/07., 61,2 μg/051 μg/L, e 211,7 μg/L, ko noon. E nder 20 njamndi teddundi vurndi moxxude, 20 % e parametruuji nder nokkuuji wiztooji zi ina njogii dow keerol OMS wonande ndiyam njareteeɗam ; Al (157 μg/L), V (100,5 μg/L), Fe (1082,7 μg/L), Mn (626,8 μg/L), e Mo (103,8 μg/L) kolliraama e nokkuuji saraaji maayo ngoo.[6] Ɗum ko caɗeele nde tawnoo ndiyam ummortooɗam maayo ina huutoree ngam ɓuuɓnude ndiyam njareteeɗam e ɓuuɓnude.[citation needed] Heɓde mborosaaji gonɗi e nder ndiyam maayo ko huunde woɗnde. Ɗee geɗe ina mbaɗi leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo, geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder gollorɗe, e kemikaaji ndema. Toɓɓe toowɗe gonɗe e mborosaaji gonɗi e nder leydi njiytaa ko e wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2023 e nder maayo e nder ndiyam ɗam : "Pesticides, leɗɗe daabaaji, ñamri artificiel, e geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo njiytaa ko e sammeeji ummoriiɗi e denndaangal nokkuuji tawaaɗi (surface, leydi, e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam wonnoo ko e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam). Endocrine ɓulli ndiyam les leydi."[20] Ndiyam maayo e ndiyam les ɗam ɓuuɓɗam ina njokkondiri no feewi. Kosam ɗam e nder ndiyam maayo ina waawi bonnude ndiyam les ɗam e ko nanndi heen. Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2024, wiɗtii sifaaji ndiyam les ɗam e nder diiwaan Awash hakkundeejo ngam huutoraade ɗum e fannuuji keewɗi. Nde tawi ko mborosaaji ko wayi no arsenik, vanadium, gallium, litiyum, rubidium, krom, mangaan, njamndi, e sink tawaama ina keewi e nder ndiyam leslesam sara maayo Beseka, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko golle geɗe leydi, cumu ɓuuɓngu, e ɓuuɓgol kaaƴe.[8] Ko ɓuri feccere e ɓulli ndiyam leslesam ɗam moƴƴaani e yarde, ɗum noon ina addana renndooji nokkuuji ɗii caɗeele cellal mawɗe, tuugiiɗe e ɗeen ɓulli sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam laaɓɗam dow leydi.[8] E nder Basin Awash hakkundeejo e leydi ndii fof, njuuteendi ndiyam ko vuri heewde e tovo ngo ina famzi no haanirta nii, ina famzi no haanirta nii. Waɗi noon, nokkuuji nder ŋorol Awash dowri, haa teeŋti noon e saraaji Modjo, Bishoftu, Gelan, e Addis Abeba, ina keewi no feewi e ɓuuɓri ndi rewaani laawol e pollugol ndiyam les ɗam.[8] == Paleontoloji == Neɗɗaŋke ina wuuri e nder falnde Awash ko famɗi fof gila e fuɗɗoode tagoore ndee. Heddiiɓe e hominiduuji keewɗi ko adii aadee tawaama e nder Awash hakkundeejo.[21] Heddii ko tawaa e nder falnde Awash ko gila e yontaaji Miyosen, Pliosen, e fuɗɗoode Pleistosen (ko ina wona duuɓi miliyoŋaaji 5,6–2,5 jooni), ina heen kadi ƴiye Ostralopitesin keewɗe, ina heen "Lucy", neɗɗo ɓurɗo lollude e Ostralopiteku.[7][21] Hominideeji goɗɗi majjuɗi njiytaaɗi e nokku hee ina njeyaa heen Homo erectus e Ardipithecus. == Tariya == E teeminannde 16ɓiire maayo Awash ina wiyee maayo Dir mawngo, ina woni e leydi juulɓe.[22] === Teeminannde 20ɓiire === Oropnaajo gadano rewindaade laawol maayo Awash haa joofni e nder oasis Aussa ko Wilfred Thesiger e hitaande 1933/1934, o fuɗɗii ko e wuro Awash, rewi laawol maayo ngoo haa joofni e maayo Abhebad, jokki yahdu makko fuɗnaange haa Tadjoura. (Fooyre wiɗtiyanke biyeteeɗo L. M. Nesbitt rewi heen geɗel gootel e laawol Awash e hitaande 1928, o woppii maayo ngoo to Asaita, o yahri to fuɗnaange rewrude e Depression Afar haa o arti e maayo boɗeejo.[23]) E hitaande 1960, baraas Koka timminaama e dow maayo Awash e nokku mo 75 kiloomeeteer (47 mi) ummoraade Addis Abeba. E udditgol maggol, ngol wonti ƴulɓe mawɗe e nder nokku hee. Ladde ndiyam laaɓɗam ɗam, Lake Gelila (anndiraande kadi ko ɓuuɓri Koka), ina waɗi fotde 180 kiloomeeteer kaaree (69 miil kaaree). Ladde ndee e baraas oo fof ina hulɓinii sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki.[citation needed] == Renndo e pinal == Falnde Awash gila hedde 9° N dow ko galle aadaaji leñol Afar e leñol Issa Somali.[24] Falnde Awash naatnaama e nder Fatagar, Ifat, e Shewa.[25] Banke hakkunde leyɗeele Awash inniraa ko maayo Awash.[26] == Tuugnorgal == epsw08y8549f135cq7c1jjbn5kfwgft 177151 177150 2026-06-29T08:15:03Z Nnamadee 11577 177151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik: ዐዋሽ , Afar: Hawaash We'ayot , Somali: Webiga Dir , Itaali: Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref name=":1">Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi: tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.<ref name=":0">"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.<ref name=":0" /> Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.<ref name=":1" /> Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).<ref>"Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)" Archived 2010-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)</ref> Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).<ref name=":2" /> Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati: dow, hakkunde, e les.<ref name=":2">Abebe, Yosef; Alemayehu, Taye; Birhanu, Behailu; Alamirew, Tena; Alemayehu, Esayas (2024). "Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use". Sustainability. 16 (12): 5257. Bibcode:2024Sust...16.5257A. doi:10.3390/su16125257. ISSN 2071-1050. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori. Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow): maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.<ref name=":2" /> == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.[9] Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.[10] === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa. Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen: Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo. == Golle aadee e batte mum == Basin Awash woni ko ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde mettinde, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi.[6] Awash hakkundeejo ina anndaa e jogaade ndiyam mawɗam e tokosam, kam e njulaagu ndema e njulaagu suukara (Wenji, Methara, e njulaagu suukara Kesem).[8] === Ndiyam ɗam === Ndiyam gonɗam e nder gure mawɗe hono Addis Abeba, Mojo e Adama, e kadi, ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ngam leyɗeele ndema nokkuuje e njulaagu (hono ndema kaaƴe) fawii ko e maayo Awash e ŋore mum.[18] === Golle faggudu === Faggudu maayo Awash ɓuri heewde ko e ndema e sarwisaaji, tawi ko sakkitiiɗi ɗii ɓuri heewde e caka wuro mawngo Addis Abeba. Demal ina heewi huutoraade ndiyam (fotde 89% e kuutoragol ndiyam e nder tovo ngo) ina teskaa wonde ina jokki wonde sabaabu vamtaare faggudu e nder duuvi garooji zi. Pewnugol gese haa teengti noon ko geze mawze e faggudu vursugol ngol, zum wonnoo ko vursugol jaawngol e nder duuvi cakkitiizi zi, zum wonnoo ko 7,9% e yontere kala e nder tovo ngo, hakkunde 2004 e 2014. Haa e hitaande 2012, keewal ndema vursugol ngol ina famzi 2% e kala ko ina wona[4]. Laddeeji ina pamɗi e nder maayo Awash, so wonaa seeɗa e leɗɗe eukaliptus tokoose. Yaasi Awash National Park savannaaji udditiiɗi e leɗɗe ina ɓadii ndema e gese. Ɗuum ina teskaa e denndaangal terɗe escarpment.[16] Ko ɗoon ɓuuɓri leɗɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee heddii no ngonka adanka savannaaji ɗii nii, tawi noon laral huɗo ngal lomtinaama e ndema. Ko tooweeki ɓurki toowde tan hollirta haa jooni leɗɗe jokkondirɗe. Feccere e laddeeji zi mbazaama e nokkuuji zi ndemaaka e laddeeji konifereeji zii. Gese ndema ɗee ko (endemik) teff, maaro, sorgo, ñebbe e leɗɗe.[16] Duunde ina famɗi ɗo ndema waawi wonde. Jawdi ndii ina ñaama e saraaji gese e saraaji laabi e dow ŋoral ŋoral. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabuuji ɓuuɓgol, sibu ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ina bonna heen seeɗa. Duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi ko huunde woowaande e nder weeyo Awash.[19] Kewuuji ɓuuɓɗi e yoorooji keewɗi ina kaɗa golle faggudu e nder weeyo ngo. Feccere mawnde e miskineeɓe teeru gollotooɓe e ndema toɓooli e nder leyɗeele marginaal ɗe yooro heewi, tawaaɗe e hakkundeere e les njiimaandi ndii ina tampina no feewi yooro keewngo.[4] Feere weeyo ina jogii tawo batte keewɗe e yimɓe e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder weeyo Awash. Yoorooji mawzi e nder weeyo ngo addanii ustaare mawnde e ndema e maayde jawdi, zum addani veydaare e ŋakkeende nguura. Ustaare toɓooli seeɗa (5%) ina qiimee ina usta 5% e geɗe ndema (PIB) e nder baas oo, tawa ina usta 10% e geɗe ndema.[4] Ɗaɓɓaande ballal neɗɗankaagal ina heewi no feewi sabu ŋakkeende weeyo, ko wayi no kewuuji El Niño 2015/2016 baɗnooɗi yooro mawngo e jaabawol neɗɗankaagal jowitiingol e ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo e nder leydi ndii, tawi diiwanuuji keewɗi ɓurɗi teeŋtude ina tawee e nder geec Awash.[5] === Cuuɗi === Laabi ɓuuɓɗi e nder gure e nder gollorɗe ina pamɗi, ina ŋakki e nder maayo Awash. Ɗo ɗe ngoni ɗoo, ƴiiƴam majji (ko heewi ko bonnata) ina njuutee e maayooji ɓadiiɗi, ina mbonna ɗe.[18] Mawnugol gollorɗe e gure e nder geec maayo Awash bonnii no feewi ekosistem sabu tookeeji gonɗi e nder ndiyam. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder maayo Awash toowngo ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Golle anthropogenic e geogenic fof ina mballita e ŋakkeende nguura ndiyam teskaande.[6] Helmere geogenic firti ko mborosaaji baɗɗi e tagoore rewrude e tektonik, loope, cumu vulkanik, e geɗe ɓuuɓɗe ceene.[citation needed] Pollugol njamndi teddundi e nder ndiyam ɗam wontii huunde ɓeydotoonde saɗtude e nokkuuji e cellal yimɓe.[6] Industiriiji pollugol e nder maayo Awash ina njeyaa heen : liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe pentiir, liggorɗe hirsude, liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe birniiji, liggorɗe njaram, liggorɗe suukara, liggorɗe opitaaluuji, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe. Ndiyam mbonɗam ina naata e maayo ngoo gila e gure ko wayi no Adiis Abeba, Awash 7 Kilo, Ambo, Sebeta, Bishoftu, Gelan, Adama, Modjo. Rufngo ndema ina waawi wonde sabaabu pollugol njamndi teeŋtundi (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, U, e Zn) e nder geec, kadi ustude njamndi e nder gollorɗe ina waawi kadi addande njamndi teddundi toowndi ko wayi no As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Zn, e Pb.[6] === Kalite ndiyam === Wiɗto mbayliigu ndiyam maayo e hitaande 2023 hollitii wonde tolnooji toowɗi njamndi teeŋtundi, ko wayi no Al, Mn, Mo, As, V, Fe, e Ba kolliraama e teddeendi 1257 μg/L, 626,8 μg/L, 116,7 μg/L, 61,2 μg/07., 61,2 μg/051 μg/L, e 211,7 μg/L, ko noon. E nder 20 njamndi teddundi vurndi moxxude, 20 % e parametruuji nder nokkuuji wiztooji zi ina njogii dow keerol OMS wonande ndiyam njareteeɗam ; Al (157 μg/L), V (100,5 μg/L), Fe (1082,7 μg/L), Mn (626,8 μg/L), e Mo (103,8 μg/L) kolliraama e nokkuuji saraaji maayo ngoo.[6] Ɗum ko caɗeele nde tawnoo ndiyam ummortooɗam maayo ina huutoree ngam ɓuuɓnude ndiyam njareteeɗam e ɓuuɓnude.[citation needed] Heɓde mborosaaji gonɗi e nder ndiyam maayo ko huunde woɗnde. Ɗee geɗe ina mbaɗi leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo, geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder gollorɗe, e kemikaaji ndema. Toɓɓe toowɗe gonɗe e mborosaaji gonɗi e nder leydi njiytaa ko e wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2023 e nder maayo e nder ndiyam ɗam : "Pesticides, leɗɗe daabaaji, ñamri artificiel, e geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo njiytaa ko e sammeeji ummoriiɗi e denndaangal nokkuuji tawaaɗi (surface, leydi, e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam wonnoo ko e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam). Endocrine ɓulli ndiyam les leydi."[20] Ndiyam maayo e ndiyam les ɗam ɓuuɓɗam ina njokkondiri no feewi. Kosam ɗam e nder ndiyam maayo ina waawi bonnude ndiyam les ɗam e ko nanndi heen. Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2024, wiɗtii sifaaji ndiyam les ɗam e nder diiwaan Awash hakkundeejo ngam huutoraade ɗum e fannuuji keewɗi. Nde tawi ko mborosaaji ko wayi no arsenik, vanadium, gallium, litiyum, rubidium, krom, mangaan, njamndi, e sink tawaama ina keewi e nder ndiyam leslesam sara maayo Beseka, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko golle geɗe leydi, cumu ɓuuɓngu, e ɓuuɓgol kaaƴe.[8] Ko ɓuri feccere e ɓulli ndiyam leslesam ɗam moƴƴaani e yarde, ɗum noon ina addana renndooji nokkuuji ɗii caɗeele cellal mawɗe, tuugiiɗe e ɗeen ɓulli sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam laaɓɗam dow leydi.[8] E nder Basin Awash hakkundeejo e leydi ndii fof, njuuteendi ndiyam ko vuri heewde e tovo ngo ina famzi no haanirta nii, ina famzi no haanirta nii. Waɗi noon, nokkuuji nder ŋorol Awash dowri, haa teeŋti noon e saraaji Modjo, Bishoftu, Gelan, e Addis Abeba, ina keewi no feewi e ɓuuɓri ndi rewaani laawol e pollugol ndiyam les ɗam.[8] == Paleontoloji == Neɗɗaŋke ina wuuri e nder falnde Awash ko famɗi fof gila e fuɗɗoode tagoore ndee. Heddiiɓe e hominiduuji keewɗi ko adii aadee tawaama e nder Awash hakkundeejo.[21] Heddii ko tawaa e nder falnde Awash ko gila e yontaaji Miyosen, Pliosen, e fuɗɗoode Pleistosen (ko ina wona duuɓi miliyoŋaaji 5,6–2,5 jooni), ina heen kadi ƴiye Ostralopitesin keewɗe, ina heen "Lucy", neɗɗo ɓurɗo lollude e Ostralopiteku.[7][21] Hominideeji goɗɗi majjuɗi njiytaaɗi e nokku hee ina njeyaa heen Homo erectus e Ardipithecus. == Tariya == E teeminannde 16ɓiire maayo Awash ina wiyee maayo Dir mawngo, ina woni e leydi juulɓe.[22] === Teeminannde 20ɓiire === Oropnaajo gadano rewindaade laawol maayo Awash haa joofni e nder oasis Aussa ko Wilfred Thesiger e hitaande 1933/1934, o fuɗɗii ko e wuro Awash, rewi laawol maayo ngoo haa joofni e maayo Abhebad, jokki yahdu makko fuɗnaange haa Tadjoura. (Fooyre wiɗtiyanke biyeteeɗo L. M. Nesbitt rewi heen geɗel gootel e laawol Awash e hitaande 1928, o woppii maayo ngoo to Asaita, o yahri to fuɗnaange rewrude e Depression Afar haa o arti e maayo boɗeejo.[23]) E hitaande 1960, baraas Koka timminaama e dow maayo Awash e nokku mo 75 kiloomeeteer (47 mi) ummoraade Addis Abeba. E udditgol maggol, ngol wonti ƴulɓe mawɗe e nder nokku hee. Ladde ndiyam laaɓɗam ɗam, Lake Gelila (anndiraande kadi ko ɓuuɓri Koka), ina waɗi fotde 180 kiloomeeteer kaaree (69 miil kaaree). Ladde ndee e baraas oo fof ina hulɓinii sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki.[citation needed] == Renndo e pinal == Falnde Awash gila hedde 9° N dow ko galle aadaaji leñol Afar e leñol Issa Somali.[24] Falnde Awash naatnaama e nder Fatagar, Ifat, e Shewa.[25] Banke hakkunde leyɗeele Awash inniraa ko maayo Awash.[26] == Tuugnorgal == 773cmolxuoobd0gykddc7tqjlog6spq 177152 177151 2026-06-29T08:15:46Z Nnamadee 11577 177152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik: ዐዋሽ , Afar: Hawaash We'ayot , Somali: Webiga Dir , Itaali: Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref name=":1">Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi: tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.<ref name=":0">"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.<ref name=":0" /> Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.<ref name=":1" /> Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).<ref>"Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)" Archived 2010-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)</ref> Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).<ref name=":2" /> Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati: dow, hakkunde, e les.<ref name=":2">Abebe, Yosef; Alemayehu, Taye; Birhanu, Behailu; Alamirew, Tena; Alemayehu, Esayas (2024). "Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use". Sustainability. 16 (12): 5257. Bibcode:2024Sust...16.5257A. doi:10.3390/su16125257. ISSN 2071-1050. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori. Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow): maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.<ref name=":2" /> == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.<ref>Seleshi, Yilma; Zanke, Ulrich (2004-06-30). "Recent changes in rainfall and rainy days in Ethiopia". International Journal of Climatology. 24 (8): 973–983. Bibcode:2004IJCli..24..973S. doi:10.1002/joc.1052. ISSN 1097-0088.</ref> Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.[10] === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa. Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen: Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo. == Golle aadee e batte mum == Basin Awash woni ko ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde mettinde, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi.[6] Awash hakkundeejo ina anndaa e jogaade ndiyam mawɗam e tokosam, kam e njulaagu ndema e njulaagu suukara (Wenji, Methara, e njulaagu suukara Kesem).[8] === Ndiyam ɗam === Ndiyam gonɗam e nder gure mawɗe hono Addis Abeba, Mojo e Adama, e kadi, ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ngam leyɗeele ndema nokkuuje e njulaagu (hono ndema kaaƴe) fawii ko e maayo Awash e ŋore mum.[18] === Golle faggudu === Faggudu maayo Awash ɓuri heewde ko e ndema e sarwisaaji, tawi ko sakkitiiɗi ɗii ɓuri heewde e caka wuro mawngo Addis Abeba. Demal ina heewi huutoraade ndiyam (fotde 89% e kuutoragol ndiyam e nder tovo ngo) ina teskaa wonde ina jokki wonde sabaabu vamtaare faggudu e nder duuvi garooji zi. Pewnugol gese haa teengti noon ko geze mawze e faggudu vursugol ngol, zum wonnoo ko vursugol jaawngol e nder duuvi cakkitiizi zi, zum wonnoo ko 7,9% e yontere kala e nder tovo ngo, hakkunde 2004 e 2014. Haa e hitaande 2012, keewal ndema vursugol ngol ina famzi 2% e kala ko ina wona[4]. Laddeeji ina pamɗi e nder maayo Awash, so wonaa seeɗa e leɗɗe eukaliptus tokoose. Yaasi Awash National Park savannaaji udditiiɗi e leɗɗe ina ɓadii ndema e gese. Ɗuum ina teskaa e denndaangal terɗe escarpment.[16] Ko ɗoon ɓuuɓri leɗɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee heddii no ngonka adanka savannaaji ɗii nii, tawi noon laral huɗo ngal lomtinaama e ndema. Ko tooweeki ɓurki toowde tan hollirta haa jooni leɗɗe jokkondirɗe. Feccere e laddeeji zi mbazaama e nokkuuji zi ndemaaka e laddeeji konifereeji zii. Gese ndema ɗee ko (endemik) teff, maaro, sorgo, ñebbe e leɗɗe.[16] Duunde ina famɗi ɗo ndema waawi wonde. Jawdi ndii ina ñaama e saraaji gese e saraaji laabi e dow ŋoral ŋoral. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabuuji ɓuuɓgol, sibu ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ina bonna heen seeɗa. Duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi ko huunde woowaande e nder weeyo Awash.[19] Kewuuji ɓuuɓɗi e yoorooji keewɗi ina kaɗa golle faggudu e nder weeyo ngo. Feccere mawnde e miskineeɓe teeru gollotooɓe e ndema toɓooli e nder leyɗeele marginaal ɗe yooro heewi, tawaaɗe e hakkundeere e les njiimaandi ndii ina tampina no feewi yooro keewngo.[4] Feere weeyo ina jogii tawo batte keewɗe e yimɓe e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder weeyo Awash. Yoorooji mawzi e nder weeyo ngo addanii ustaare mawnde e ndema e maayde jawdi, zum addani veydaare e ŋakkeende nguura. Ustaare toɓooli seeɗa (5%) ina qiimee ina usta 5% e geɗe ndema (PIB) e nder baas oo, tawa ina usta 10% e geɗe ndema.[4] Ɗaɓɓaande ballal neɗɗankaagal ina heewi no feewi sabu ŋakkeende weeyo, ko wayi no kewuuji El Niño 2015/2016 baɗnooɗi yooro mawngo e jaabawol neɗɗankaagal jowitiingol e ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo e nder leydi ndii, tawi diiwanuuji keewɗi ɓurɗi teeŋtude ina tawee e nder geec Awash.[5] === Cuuɗi === Laabi ɓuuɓɗi e nder gure e nder gollorɗe ina pamɗi, ina ŋakki e nder maayo Awash. Ɗo ɗe ngoni ɗoo, ƴiiƴam majji (ko heewi ko bonnata) ina njuutee e maayooji ɓadiiɗi, ina mbonna ɗe.[18] Mawnugol gollorɗe e gure e nder geec maayo Awash bonnii no feewi ekosistem sabu tookeeji gonɗi e nder ndiyam. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder maayo Awash toowngo ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Golle anthropogenic e geogenic fof ina mballita e ŋakkeende nguura ndiyam teskaande.[6] Helmere geogenic firti ko mborosaaji baɗɗi e tagoore rewrude e tektonik, loope, cumu vulkanik, e geɗe ɓuuɓɗe ceene.[citation needed] Pollugol njamndi teddundi e nder ndiyam ɗam wontii huunde ɓeydotoonde saɗtude e nokkuuji e cellal yimɓe.[6] Industiriiji pollugol e nder maayo Awash ina njeyaa heen : liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe pentiir, liggorɗe hirsude, liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe birniiji, liggorɗe njaram, liggorɗe suukara, liggorɗe opitaaluuji, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe. Ndiyam mbonɗam ina naata e maayo ngoo gila e gure ko wayi no Adiis Abeba, Awash 7 Kilo, Ambo, Sebeta, Bishoftu, Gelan, Adama, Modjo. Rufngo ndema ina waawi wonde sabaabu pollugol njamndi teeŋtundi (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, U, e Zn) e nder geec, kadi ustude njamndi e nder gollorɗe ina waawi kadi addande njamndi teddundi toowndi ko wayi no As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Zn, e Pb.[6] === Kalite ndiyam === Wiɗto mbayliigu ndiyam maayo e hitaande 2023 hollitii wonde tolnooji toowɗi njamndi teeŋtundi, ko wayi no Al, Mn, Mo, As, V, Fe, e Ba kolliraama e teddeendi 1257 μg/L, 626,8 μg/L, 116,7 μg/L, 61,2 μg/07., 61,2 μg/051 μg/L, e 211,7 μg/L, ko noon. E nder 20 njamndi teddundi vurndi moxxude, 20 % e parametruuji nder nokkuuji wiztooji zi ina njogii dow keerol OMS wonande ndiyam njareteeɗam ; Al (157 μg/L), V (100,5 μg/L), Fe (1082,7 μg/L), Mn (626,8 μg/L), e Mo (103,8 μg/L) kolliraama e nokkuuji saraaji maayo ngoo.[6] Ɗum ko caɗeele nde tawnoo ndiyam ummortooɗam maayo ina huutoree ngam ɓuuɓnude ndiyam njareteeɗam e ɓuuɓnude.[citation needed] Heɓde mborosaaji gonɗi e nder ndiyam maayo ko huunde woɗnde. Ɗee geɗe ina mbaɗi leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo, geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder gollorɗe, e kemikaaji ndema. Toɓɓe toowɗe gonɗe e mborosaaji gonɗi e nder leydi njiytaa ko e wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2023 e nder maayo e nder ndiyam ɗam : "Pesticides, leɗɗe daabaaji, ñamri artificiel, e geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo njiytaa ko e sammeeji ummoriiɗi e denndaangal nokkuuji tawaaɗi (surface, leydi, e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam wonnoo ko e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam). Endocrine ɓulli ndiyam les leydi."[20] Ndiyam maayo e ndiyam les ɗam ɓuuɓɗam ina njokkondiri no feewi. Kosam ɗam e nder ndiyam maayo ina waawi bonnude ndiyam les ɗam e ko nanndi heen. Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2024, wiɗtii sifaaji ndiyam les ɗam e nder diiwaan Awash hakkundeejo ngam huutoraade ɗum e fannuuji keewɗi. Nde tawi ko mborosaaji ko wayi no arsenik, vanadium, gallium, litiyum, rubidium, krom, mangaan, njamndi, e sink tawaama ina keewi e nder ndiyam leslesam sara maayo Beseka, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko golle geɗe leydi, cumu ɓuuɓngu, e ɓuuɓgol kaaƴe.[8] Ko ɓuri feccere e ɓulli ndiyam leslesam ɗam moƴƴaani e yarde, ɗum noon ina addana renndooji nokkuuji ɗii caɗeele cellal mawɗe, tuugiiɗe e ɗeen ɓulli sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam laaɓɗam dow leydi.[8] E nder Basin Awash hakkundeejo e leydi ndii fof, njuuteendi ndiyam ko vuri heewde e tovo ngo ina famzi no haanirta nii, ina famzi no haanirta nii. Waɗi noon, nokkuuji nder ŋorol Awash dowri, haa teeŋti noon e saraaji Modjo, Bishoftu, Gelan, e Addis Abeba, ina keewi no feewi e ɓuuɓri ndi rewaani laawol e pollugol ndiyam les ɗam.[8] == Paleontoloji == Neɗɗaŋke ina wuuri e nder falnde Awash ko famɗi fof gila e fuɗɗoode tagoore ndee. Heddiiɓe e hominiduuji keewɗi ko adii aadee tawaama e nder Awash hakkundeejo.[21] Heddii ko tawaa e nder falnde Awash ko gila e yontaaji Miyosen, Pliosen, e fuɗɗoode Pleistosen (ko ina wona duuɓi miliyoŋaaji 5,6–2,5 jooni), ina heen kadi ƴiye Ostralopitesin keewɗe, ina heen "Lucy", neɗɗo ɓurɗo lollude e Ostralopiteku.[7][21] Hominideeji goɗɗi majjuɗi njiytaaɗi e nokku hee ina njeyaa heen Homo erectus e Ardipithecus. == Tariya == E teeminannde 16ɓiire maayo Awash ina wiyee maayo Dir mawngo, ina woni e leydi juulɓe.[22] === Teeminannde 20ɓiire === Oropnaajo gadano rewindaade laawol maayo Awash haa joofni e nder oasis Aussa ko Wilfred Thesiger e hitaande 1933/1934, o fuɗɗii ko e wuro Awash, rewi laawol maayo ngoo haa joofni e maayo Abhebad, jokki yahdu makko fuɗnaange haa Tadjoura. (Fooyre wiɗtiyanke biyeteeɗo L. M. Nesbitt rewi heen geɗel gootel e laawol Awash e hitaande 1928, o woppii maayo ngoo to Asaita, o yahri to fuɗnaange rewrude e Depression Afar haa o arti e maayo boɗeejo.[23]) E hitaande 1960, baraas Koka timminaama e dow maayo Awash e nokku mo 75 kiloomeeteer (47 mi) ummoraade Addis Abeba. E udditgol maggol, ngol wonti ƴulɓe mawɗe e nder nokku hee. Ladde ndiyam laaɓɗam ɗam, Lake Gelila (anndiraande kadi ko ɓuuɓri Koka), ina waɗi fotde 180 kiloomeeteer kaaree (69 miil kaaree). Ladde ndee e baraas oo fof ina hulɓinii sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki.[citation needed] == Renndo e pinal == Falnde Awash gila hedde 9° N dow ko galle aadaaji leñol Afar e leñol Issa Somali.[24] Falnde Awash naatnaama e nder Fatagar, Ifat, e Shewa.[25] Banke hakkunde leyɗeele Awash inniraa ko maayo Awash.[26] == Tuugnorgal == 026zkswsa5iuxk9hxklfhvmxuzxoam5 177153 177152 2026-06-29T08:25:41Z Nnamadee 11577 177153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik: ዐዋሽ , Afar: Hawaash We'ayot , Somali: Webiga Dir , Itaali: Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref name=":1">Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi: tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.<ref name=":0">"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.<ref name=":0" /> Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.<ref name=":1" /> Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).<ref>"Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)" Archived 2010-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)</ref> Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).<ref name=":2" /> Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati: dow, hakkunde, e les.<ref name=":2">Abebe, Yosef; Alemayehu, Taye; Birhanu, Behailu; Alamirew, Tena; Alemayehu, Esayas (2024). "Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use". Sustainability. 16 (12): 5257. Bibcode:2024Sust...16.5257A. doi:10.3390/su16125257. ISSN 2071-1050. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori. Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow): maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.<ref name=":2" /> == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.<ref>Seleshi, Yilma; Zanke, Ulrich (2004-06-30). "Recent changes in rainfall and rainy days in Ethiopia". International Journal of Climatology. 24 (8): 973–983. Bibcode:2004IJCli..24..973S. doi:10.1002/joc.1052. ISSN 1097-0088.</ref> Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.<ref>Knoche, Malte; Fischer, Christian; Pohl, Eric; Krause, Peter; Merz, Ralf (2014). "Combined uncertainty of hydrological model complexity and satellite-based forcing data evaluated in two data-scarce semi-arid catchments in Ethiopia". Journal of Hydrology. 519: 2049–2066. Bibcode:2014JHyd..519.2049K. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.003.</ref> === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa. Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen: Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo. == Golle aadee e batte mum == Basin Awash woni ko ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde mettinde, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi.[6] Awash hakkundeejo ina anndaa e jogaade ndiyam mawɗam e tokosam, kam e njulaagu ndema e njulaagu suukara (Wenji, Methara, e njulaagu suukara Kesem).[8] === Ndiyam ɗam === Ndiyam gonɗam e nder gure mawɗe hono Addis Abeba, Mojo e Adama, e kadi, ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ngam leyɗeele ndema nokkuuje e njulaagu (hono ndema kaaƴe) fawii ko e maayo Awash e ŋore mum.[18] === Golle faggudu === Faggudu maayo Awash ɓuri heewde ko e ndema e sarwisaaji, tawi ko sakkitiiɗi ɗii ɓuri heewde e caka wuro mawngo Addis Abeba. Demal ina heewi huutoraade ndiyam (fotde 89% e kuutoragol ndiyam e nder tovo ngo) ina teskaa wonde ina jokki wonde sabaabu vamtaare faggudu e nder duuvi garooji zi. Pewnugol gese haa teengti noon ko geze mawze e faggudu vursugol ngol, zum wonnoo ko vursugol jaawngol e nder duuvi cakkitiizi zi, zum wonnoo ko 7,9% e yontere kala e nder tovo ngo, hakkunde 2004 e 2014. Haa e hitaande 2012, keewal ndema vursugol ngol ina famzi 2% e kala ko ina wona[4]. Laddeeji ina pamɗi e nder maayo Awash, so wonaa seeɗa e leɗɗe eukaliptus tokoose. Yaasi Awash National Park savannaaji udditiiɗi e leɗɗe ina ɓadii ndema e gese. Ɗuum ina teskaa e denndaangal terɗe escarpment.[16] Ko ɗoon ɓuuɓri leɗɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee heddii no ngonka adanka savannaaji ɗii nii, tawi noon laral huɗo ngal lomtinaama e ndema. Ko tooweeki ɓurki toowde tan hollirta haa jooni leɗɗe jokkondirɗe. Feccere e laddeeji zi mbazaama e nokkuuji zi ndemaaka e laddeeji konifereeji zii. Gese ndema ɗee ko (endemik) teff, maaro, sorgo, ñebbe e leɗɗe.[16] Duunde ina famɗi ɗo ndema waawi wonde. Jawdi ndii ina ñaama e saraaji gese e saraaji laabi e dow ŋoral ŋoral. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabuuji ɓuuɓgol, sibu ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ina bonna heen seeɗa. Duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi ko huunde woowaande e nder weeyo Awash.[19] Kewuuji ɓuuɓɗi e yoorooji keewɗi ina kaɗa golle faggudu e nder weeyo ngo. Feccere mawnde e miskineeɓe teeru gollotooɓe e ndema toɓooli e nder leyɗeele marginaal ɗe yooro heewi, tawaaɗe e hakkundeere e les njiimaandi ndii ina tampina no feewi yooro keewngo.[4] Feere weeyo ina jogii tawo batte keewɗe e yimɓe e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder weeyo Awash. Yoorooji mawzi e nder weeyo ngo addanii ustaare mawnde e ndema e maayde jawdi, zum addani veydaare e ŋakkeende nguura. Ustaare toɓooli seeɗa (5%) ina qiimee ina usta 5% e geɗe ndema (PIB) e nder baas oo, tawa ina usta 10% e geɗe ndema.[4] Ɗaɓɓaande ballal neɗɗankaagal ina heewi no feewi sabu ŋakkeende weeyo, ko wayi no kewuuji El Niño 2015/2016 baɗnooɗi yooro mawngo e jaabawol neɗɗankaagal jowitiingol e ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo e nder leydi ndii, tawi diiwanuuji keewɗi ɓurɗi teeŋtude ina tawee e nder geec Awash.[5] === Cuuɗi === Laabi ɓuuɓɗi e nder gure e nder gollorɗe ina pamɗi, ina ŋakki e nder maayo Awash. Ɗo ɗe ngoni ɗoo, ƴiiƴam majji (ko heewi ko bonnata) ina njuutee e maayooji ɓadiiɗi, ina mbonna ɗe.[18] Mawnugol gollorɗe e gure e nder geec maayo Awash bonnii no feewi ekosistem sabu tookeeji gonɗi e nder ndiyam. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder maayo Awash toowngo ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Golle anthropogenic e geogenic fof ina mballita e ŋakkeende nguura ndiyam teskaande.[6] Helmere geogenic firti ko mborosaaji baɗɗi e tagoore rewrude e tektonik, loope, cumu vulkanik, e geɗe ɓuuɓɗe ceene.[citation needed] Pollugol njamndi teddundi e nder ndiyam ɗam wontii huunde ɓeydotoonde saɗtude e nokkuuji e cellal yimɓe.[6] Industiriiji pollugol e nder maayo Awash ina njeyaa heen : liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe pentiir, liggorɗe hirsude, liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe birniiji, liggorɗe njaram, liggorɗe suukara, liggorɗe opitaaluuji, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe. Ndiyam mbonɗam ina naata e maayo ngoo gila e gure ko wayi no Adiis Abeba, Awash 7 Kilo, Ambo, Sebeta, Bishoftu, Gelan, Adama, Modjo. Rufngo ndema ina waawi wonde sabaabu pollugol njamndi teeŋtundi (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, U, e Zn) e nder geec, kadi ustude njamndi e nder gollorɗe ina waawi kadi addande njamndi teddundi toowndi ko wayi no As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Zn, e Pb.[6] === Kalite ndiyam === Wiɗto mbayliigu ndiyam maayo e hitaande 2023 hollitii wonde tolnooji toowɗi njamndi teeŋtundi, ko wayi no Al, Mn, Mo, As, V, Fe, e Ba kolliraama e teddeendi 1257 μg/L, 626,8 μg/L, 116,7 μg/L, 61,2 μg/07., 61,2 μg/051 μg/L, e 211,7 μg/L, ko noon. E nder 20 njamndi teddundi vurndi moxxude, 20 % e parametruuji nder nokkuuji wiztooji zi ina njogii dow keerol OMS wonande ndiyam njareteeɗam ; Al (157 μg/L), V (100,5 μg/L), Fe (1082,7 μg/L), Mn (626,8 μg/L), e Mo (103,8 μg/L) kolliraama e nokkuuji saraaji maayo ngoo.[6] Ɗum ko caɗeele nde tawnoo ndiyam ummortooɗam maayo ina huutoree ngam ɓuuɓnude ndiyam njareteeɗam e ɓuuɓnude.[citation needed] Heɓde mborosaaji gonɗi e nder ndiyam maayo ko huunde woɗnde. Ɗee geɗe ina mbaɗi leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo, geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder gollorɗe, e kemikaaji ndema. Toɓɓe toowɗe gonɗe e mborosaaji gonɗi e nder leydi njiytaa ko e wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2023 e nder maayo e nder ndiyam ɗam : "Pesticides, leɗɗe daabaaji, ñamri artificiel, e geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo njiytaa ko e sammeeji ummoriiɗi e denndaangal nokkuuji tawaaɗi (surface, leydi, e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam wonnoo ko e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam). Endocrine ɓulli ndiyam les leydi."[20] Ndiyam maayo e ndiyam les ɗam ɓuuɓɗam ina njokkondiri no feewi. Kosam ɗam e nder ndiyam maayo ina waawi bonnude ndiyam les ɗam e ko nanndi heen. Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2024, wiɗtii sifaaji ndiyam les ɗam e nder diiwaan Awash hakkundeejo ngam huutoraade ɗum e fannuuji keewɗi. Nde tawi ko mborosaaji ko wayi no arsenik, vanadium, gallium, litiyum, rubidium, krom, mangaan, njamndi, e sink tawaama ina keewi e nder ndiyam leslesam sara maayo Beseka, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko golle geɗe leydi, cumu ɓuuɓngu, e ɓuuɓgol kaaƴe.[8] Ko ɓuri feccere e ɓulli ndiyam leslesam ɗam moƴƴaani e yarde, ɗum noon ina addana renndooji nokkuuji ɗii caɗeele cellal mawɗe, tuugiiɗe e ɗeen ɓulli sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam laaɓɗam dow leydi.[8] E nder Basin Awash hakkundeejo e leydi ndii fof, njuuteendi ndiyam ko vuri heewde e tovo ngo ina famzi no haanirta nii, ina famzi no haanirta nii. Waɗi noon, nokkuuji nder ŋorol Awash dowri, haa teeŋti noon e saraaji Modjo, Bishoftu, Gelan, e Addis Abeba, ina keewi no feewi e ɓuuɓri ndi rewaani laawol e pollugol ndiyam les ɗam.[8] == Paleontoloji == Neɗɗaŋke ina wuuri e nder falnde Awash ko famɗi fof gila e fuɗɗoode tagoore ndee. Heddiiɓe e hominiduuji keewɗi ko adii aadee tawaama e nder Awash hakkundeejo.[21] Heddii ko tawaa e nder falnde Awash ko gila e yontaaji Miyosen, Pliosen, e fuɗɗoode Pleistosen (ko ina wona duuɓi miliyoŋaaji 5,6–2,5 jooni), ina heen kadi ƴiye Ostralopitesin keewɗe, ina heen "Lucy", neɗɗo ɓurɗo lollude e Ostralopiteku.[7][21] Hominideeji goɗɗi majjuɗi njiytaaɗi e nokku hee ina njeyaa heen Homo erectus e Ardipithecus. == Tariya == E teeminannde 16ɓiire maayo Awash ina wiyee maayo Dir mawngo, ina woni e leydi juulɓe.[22] === Teeminannde 20ɓiire === Oropnaajo gadano rewindaade laawol maayo Awash haa joofni e nder oasis Aussa ko Wilfred Thesiger e hitaande 1933/1934, o fuɗɗii ko e wuro Awash, rewi laawol maayo ngoo haa joofni e maayo Abhebad, jokki yahdu makko fuɗnaange haa Tadjoura. (Fooyre wiɗtiyanke biyeteeɗo L. M. Nesbitt rewi heen geɗel gootel e laawol Awash e hitaande 1928, o woppii maayo ngoo to Asaita, o yahri to fuɗnaange rewrude e Depression Afar haa o arti e maayo boɗeejo.[23]) E hitaande 1960, baraas Koka timminaama e dow maayo Awash e nokku mo 75 kiloomeeteer (47 mi) ummoraade Addis Abeba. E udditgol maggol, ngol wonti ƴulɓe mawɗe e nder nokku hee. Ladde ndiyam laaɓɗam ɗam, Lake Gelila (anndiraande kadi ko ɓuuɓri Koka), ina waɗi fotde 180 kiloomeeteer kaaree (69 miil kaaree). Ladde ndee e baraas oo fof ina hulɓinii sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki.[citation needed] == Renndo e pinal == Falnde Awash gila hedde 9° N dow ko galle aadaaji leñol Afar e leñol Issa Somali.[24] Falnde Awash naatnaama e nder Fatagar, Ifat, e Shewa.[25] Banke hakkunde leyɗeele Awash inniraa ko maayo Awash.[26] == Tuugnorgal == hpw7xc125rpbj2e6iyb9bgrus6emtw4 177154 177153 2026-06-29T08:33:27Z Nnamadee 11577 177154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik: ዐዋሽ , Afar: Hawaash We'ayot , Somali: Webiga Dir , Itaali: Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref name=":1">Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi: tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.<ref name=":0">"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.<ref name=":0" /> Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.<ref name=":1" /> Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).<ref>"Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)" Archived 2010-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)</ref> Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).<ref name=":2" /> Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati: dow, hakkunde, e les.<ref name=":2">Abebe, Yosef; Alemayehu, Taye; Birhanu, Behailu; Alamirew, Tena; Alemayehu, Esayas (2024). "Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use". Sustainability. 16 (12): 5257. Bibcode:2024Sust...16.5257A. doi:10.3390/su16125257. ISSN 2071-1050. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori. Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow): maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.<ref name=":2" /> == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.<ref>Seleshi, Yilma; Zanke, Ulrich (2004-06-30). "Recent changes in rainfall and rainy days in Ethiopia". International Journal of Climatology. 24 (8): 973–983. Bibcode:2004IJCli..24..973S. doi:10.1002/joc.1052. ISSN 1097-0088.</ref> Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.<ref>Knoche, Malte; Fischer, Christian; Pohl, Eric; Krause, Peter; Merz, Ralf (2014). "Combined uncertainty of hydrological model complexity and satellite-based forcing data evaluated in two data-scarce semi-arid catchments in Ethiopia". Journal of Hydrology. 519: 2049–2066. Bibcode:2014JHyd..519.2049K. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.003.</ref> === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa. Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen: Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo. == Golle aadee e batte mum == Basin Awash woni ko ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde mettinde, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi.[6] Awash hakkundeejo ina anndaa e jogaade ndiyam mawɗam e tokosam, kam e njulaagu ndema e njulaagu suukara (Wenji, Methara, e njulaagu suukara Kesem).[8] === Ndiyam ɗam === Ndiyam gonɗam e nder gure mawɗe hono Addis Abeba, Mojo e Adama, e kadi, ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ngam leyɗeele ndema nokkuuje e njulaagu (hono ndema kaaƴe) fawii ko e maayo Awash e ŋore mum.[18] === Golle faggudu === Faggudu maayo Awash ɓuri heewde ko e ndema e sarwisaaji, tawi ko sakkitiiɗi ɗii ɓuri heewde e caka wuro mawngo Addis Abeba. Demal ina heewi huutoraade ndiyam (fotde 89% e kuutoragol ndiyam e nder tovo ngo) ina teskaa wonde ina jokki wonde sabaabu vamtaare faggudu e nder duuvi garooji zi. Pewnugol gese haa teengti noon ko geze mawze e faggudu vursugol ngol, zum wonnoo ko vursugol jaawngol e nder duuvi cakkitiizi zi, zum wonnoo ko 7,9% e yontere kala e nder tovo ngo, hakkunde 2004 e 2014. Haa e hitaande 2012, keewal ndema vursugol ngol ina famzi 2% e kala ko ina wona[4]. Laddeeji ina pamɗi e nder maayo Awash, so wonaa seeɗa e leɗɗe eukaliptus tokoose. Yaasi Awash National Park savannaaji udditiiɗi e leɗɗe ina ɓadii ndema e gese. Ɗuum ina teskaa e denndaangal terɗe escarpment.[16] Ko ɗoon ɓuuɓri leɗɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee heddii no ngonka adanka savannaaji ɗii nii, tawi noon laral huɗo ngal lomtinaama e ndema. Ko tooweeki ɓurki toowde tan hollirta haa jooni leɗɗe jokkondirɗe. Feccere e laddeeji zi mbazaama e nokkuuji zi ndemaaka e laddeeji konifereeji zii. Gese ndema ɗee ko (endemik) teff, maaro, sorgo, ñebbe e leɗɗe.[16] Duunde ina famɗi ɗo ndema waawi wonde. Jawdi ndii ina ñaama e saraaji gese e saraaji laabi e dow ŋoral ŋoral. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabuuji ɓuuɓgol, sibu ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ina bonna heen seeɗa. Duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi ko huunde woowaande e nder weeyo Awash.[19] Kewuuji ɓuuɓɗi e yoorooji keewɗi ina kaɗa golle faggudu e nder weeyo ngo. Feccere mawnde e miskineeɓe teeru gollotooɓe e ndema toɓooli e nder leyɗeele marginaal ɗe yooro heewi, tawaaɗe e hakkundeere e les njiimaandi ndii ina tampina no feewi yooro keewngo.[4] Feere weeyo ina jogii tawo batte keewɗe e yimɓe e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder weeyo Awash. Yoorooji mawzi e nder weeyo ngo addanii ustaare mawnde e ndema e maayde jawdi, zum addani veydaare e ŋakkeende nguura. Ustaare toɓooli seeɗa (5%) ina qiimee ina usta 5% e geɗe ndema (PIB) e nder baas oo, tawa ina usta 10% e geɗe ndema.[4] Ɗaɓɓaande ballal neɗɗankaagal ina heewi no feewi sabu ŋakkeende weeyo, ko wayi no kewuuji El Niño 2015/2016 baɗnooɗi yooro mawngo e jaabawol neɗɗankaagal jowitiingol e ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo e nder leydi ndii, tawi diiwanuuji keewɗi ɓurɗi teeŋtude ina tawee e nder geec Awash.[5] === Cuuɗi === Laabi ɓuuɓɗi e nder gure e nder gollorɗe ina pamɗi, ina ŋakki e nder maayo Awash. Ɗo ɗe ngoni ɗoo, ƴiiƴam majji (ko heewi ko bonnata) ina njuutee e maayooji ɓadiiɗi, ina mbonna ɗe.[18] Mawnugol gollorɗe e gure e nder geec maayo Awash bonnii no feewi ekosistem sabu tookeeji gonɗi e nder ndiyam. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder maayo Awash toowngo ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Golle anthropogenic e geogenic fof ina mballita e ŋakkeende nguura ndiyam teskaande.[6] Helmere geogenic firti ko mborosaaji baɗɗi e tagoore rewrude e tektonik, loope, cumu vulkanik, e geɗe ɓuuɓɗe ceene.[citation needed] Pollugol njamndi teddundi e nder ndiyam ɗam wontii huunde ɓeydotoonde saɗtude e nokkuuji e cellal yimɓe.[6] Industiriiji pollugol e nder maayo Awash ina njeyaa heen : liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe pentiir, liggorɗe hirsude, liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe birniiji, liggorɗe njaram, liggorɗe suukara, liggorɗe opitaaluuji, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe. Ndiyam mbonɗam ina naata e maayo ngoo gila e gure ko wayi no Adiis Abeba, Awash 7 Kilo, Ambo, Sebeta, Bishoftu, Gelan, Adama, Modjo. Rufngo ndema ina waawi wonde sabaabu pollugol njamndi teeŋtundi (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, U, e Zn) e nder geec, kadi ustude njamndi e nder gollorɗe ina waawi kadi addande njamndi teddundi toowndi ko wayi no As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Zn, e Pb.[6] === Kalite ndiyam === Wiɗto mbayliigu ndiyam maayo e hitaande 2023 hollitii wonde tolnooji toowɗi njamndi teeŋtundi, ko wayi no Al, Mn, Mo, As, V, Fe, e Ba kolliraama e teddeendi 1257 μg/L, 626,8 μg/L, 116,7 μg/L, 61,2 μg/07., 61,2 μg/051 μg/L, e 211,7 μg/L, ko noon. E nder 20 njamndi teddundi vurndi moxxude, 20 % e parametruuji nder nokkuuji wiztooji zi ina njogii dow keerol OMS wonande ndiyam njareteeɗam ; Al (157 μg/L), V (100,5 μg/L), Fe (1082,7 μg/L), Mn (626,8 μg/L), e Mo (103,8 μg/L) kolliraama e nokkuuji saraaji maayo ngoo.[6] Ɗum ko caɗeele nde tawnoo ndiyam ummortooɗam maayo ina huutoree ngam ɓuuɓnude ndiyam njareteeɗam e ɓuuɓnude.[citation needed] Heɓde mborosaaji gonɗi e nder ndiyam maayo ko huunde woɗnde. Ɗee geɗe ina mbaɗi leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo, geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder gollorɗe, e kemikaaji ndema. Toɓɓe toowɗe gonɗe e mborosaaji gonɗi e nder leydi njiytaa ko e wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2023 e nder maayo e nder ndiyam ɗam : "Pesticides, leɗɗe daabaaji, ñamri artificiel, e geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo njiytaa ko e sammeeji ummoriiɗi e denndaangal nokkuuji tawaaɗi (surface, leydi, e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam wonnoo ko e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam). Endocrine ɓulli ndiyam les leydi."[20] Ndiyam maayo e ndiyam les ɗam ɓuuɓɗam ina njokkondiri no feewi. Kosam ɗam e nder ndiyam maayo ina waawi bonnude ndiyam les ɗam e ko nanndi heen. Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2024, wiɗtii sifaaji ndiyam les ɗam e nder diiwaan Awash hakkundeejo ngam huutoraade ɗum e fannuuji keewɗi. Nde tawi ko mborosaaji ko wayi no arsenik, vanadium, gallium, litiyum, rubidium, krom, mangaan, njamndi, e sink tawaama ina keewi e nder ndiyam leslesam sara maayo Beseka, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko golle geɗe leydi, cumu ɓuuɓngu, e ɓuuɓgol kaaƴe.[8] Ko ɓuri feccere e ɓulli ndiyam leslesam ɗam moƴƴaani e yarde, ɗum noon ina addana renndooji nokkuuji ɗii caɗeele cellal mawɗe, tuugiiɗe e ɗeen ɓulli sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam laaɓɗam dow leydi.[8] E nder Basin Awash hakkundeejo e leydi ndii fof, njuuteendi ndiyam ko vuri heewde e tovo ngo ina famzi no haanirta nii, ina famzi no haanirta nii. Waɗi noon, nokkuuji nder ŋorol Awash dowri, haa teeŋti noon e saraaji Modjo, Bishoftu, Gelan, e Addis Abeba, ina keewi no feewi e ɓuuɓri ndi rewaani laawol e pollugol ndiyam les ɗam.[8] == Paleontoloji == Neɗɗaŋke ina wuuri e nder falnde Awash ko famɗi fof gila e fuɗɗoode tagoore ndee. Heddiiɓe e hominiduuji keewɗi ko adii aadee tawaama e nder Awash hakkundeejo.[21] Heddii ko tawaa e nder falnde Awash ko gila e yontaaji Miyosen, Pliosen, e fuɗɗoode Pleistosen (ko ina wona duuɓi miliyoŋaaji 5,6–2,5 jooni), ina heen kadi ƴiye Ostralopitesin keewɗe, ina heen "Lucy", neɗɗo ɓurɗo lollude e Ostralopiteku.[7][21] Hominideeji goɗɗi majjuɗi njiytaaɗi e nokku hee ina njeyaa heen Homo erectus e Ardipithecus. == Tariya == E teeminannde 16ɓiire maayo Awash ina wiyee maayo Dir mawngo, ina woni e leydi juulɓe.[22] === Teeminannde 20ɓiire === Oropnaajo gadano rewindaade laawol maayo Awash haa joofni e nder oasis Aussa ko Wilfred Thesiger e hitaande 1933/1934, o fuɗɗii ko e wuro Awash, rewi laawol maayo ngoo haa joofni e maayo Abhebad, jokki yahdu makko fuɗnaange haa Tadjoura. (Fooyre wiɗtiyanke biyeteeɗo L. M. Nesbitt rewi heen geɗel gootel e laawol Awash e hitaande 1928, o woppii maayo ngoo to Asaita, o yahri to fuɗnaange rewrude e Depression Afar haa o arti e maayo boɗeejo.[23]) E hitaande 1960, baraas Koka timminaama e dow maayo Awash e nokku mo 75 kiloomeeteer (47 mi) ummoraade Addis Abeba. E udditgol maggol, ngol wonti ƴulɓe mawɗe e nder nokku hee. Ladde ndiyam laaɓɗam ɗam, Lake Gelila (anndiraande kadi ko ɓuuɓri Koka), ina waɗi fotde 180 kiloomeeteer kaaree (69 miil kaaree). Ladde ndee e baraas oo fof ina hulɓinii sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki.[citation needed] == Renndo e pinal == Falnde Awash gila hedde 9° N dow ko galle aadaaji leñol Afar e leñol Issa Somali.[24] Falnde Awash naatnaama e nder Fatagar, Ifat, e Shewa.[25] Banke hakkunde leyɗeele Awash inniraa ko maayo Awash.<ref>"assessment of credit risk management policies" (PDF). 1 November 2022.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == inybtdrstvpr5gwts74wl07e41s0o45 177155 177154 2026-06-29T08:34:17Z Nnamadee 11577 177155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Awash''' (won e sahaaji ina winndee Awaash; Oromo: Awaash walla Hawaas , Amharik: ዐዋሽ , Afar: Hawaash We'ayot , Somali: Webiga Dir , Itaali: Auasc ) ko maayo mawngo to Ecoppi. Laawol maggol fof ina tawee e keeri Ecoppi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral maayooji jokkondirɗi, puɗɗortooɗi maayo Gargori, haa joofna e maayo Abbe (walla Abhe Bad) to keerol leydi Jibuti, fotde 100 kiloomeeteer (62 mi) ummoraade e hoore Golf Tajoura. Maayo Awash ko maayo mawngo e nder weendu ɓuuɓndu (endorheic) ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder nokkuuji Amhara, Oromia e Somali, kam e feccere fuɗnaange Diiwaan Afar. Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi.<ref name=":1">Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). "The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Ecological Economics. 146: 621–632. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..621B. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Basin oo ina heewi jogaade dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna juutɗo hedde lewru marse (Belg), dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Waylo-waylo weeyo ina teskaa ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weeyo ngo, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli.<ref>Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. Bibcode:2018Water..10.1560T. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Ko maayo Awash ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde bonnude, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi (e hitaande 2021).[6] Jaawgol mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder weendu nduu, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam weendu nduu. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder weeyo toowngo Awash ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Industiriiji polluɗi e nder weeyo ngo ina mbaɗi: tanneries, pentiir, hirseeji, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi, mbaylaandi njaram, mbaylaandi suukara, safrirde, e farmasiiji.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. <nowiki>PMID 37698767</nowiki>. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Falnde Awash (haa teeŋti e Awash hakkundeejo) ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala sabu mum heewde ƴiye hominin, ina rokka heen humpitooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi e ƴellitaare aadee en gila e fuɗɗoode.<ref name=":0">"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> "Lucy", gooto e ƴiye hominin ɓurɗe lollude, yiytaa ko e les falnde Awash.<ref name=":0" /> Ngam nafoore mum to bannge paleontologie e anthropologie, falnde lesre Awash ndee winnditaama e doggol taariindi winndereyankoori UNESCO e hitaande 1980.<ref>"Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> == Geography == Maayo Awash, ina waɗi nokkuuji 23 njuɓɓudi laamu, ina waɗi 10% e nokkuuji Ecoppi, ina jaɓɓoo fotde 17% e yimɓe mum.<ref name=":1" /> Feccere e maggal woni ko e ŋoral mawngal Ecoppi. Maayo Awash ina waɗi 1 200 kiloomeeteer (750 miil).<ref>"Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)" Archived 2010-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)</ref> Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e nokkuuji toowɗi hakkundeeji Ecoppi to tooweeki 3 000 meeter (9 800 ft) nde rewi e nokkuuji keewɗi hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Abbe to tooweeki 250 meeter (820 ft).<ref name=":2" /> Basin maayo Awash ina feccii e pecce tati: dow, hakkunde, e les.<ref name=":2">Abebe, Yosef; Alemayehu, Taye; Birhanu, Behailu; Alamirew, Tena; Alemayehu, Esayas (2024). "Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use". Sustainability. 16 (12): 5257. Bibcode:2024Sust...16.5257A. doi:10.3390/su16125257. ISSN 2071-1050. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Awash ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange tufnde Warqe, bannge worgo Addis Abeba e nder woreda Dendi, sara wuro Ginchi, Zone Shewa bannge worgo, Oromia. Caggal nde naati les falnde mawnde, Awash ina ilna fuɗnaange ngam lootde tufnde Zuqualla to bannge fuɗnaange ndeen bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, hade mum naatde e weendu Koka. Ko ɗoon ndiyam huutortee ngam irnude gese kaaƴe. Dow, Awash rewi wuro Adama e nokkuure ngenndiire Awash. Ndeen nde hawri ko e daande mayre nano e maayo mayre mawngo, hono maayo Germama (walla Kasam), hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange-rewo ko ina tolnoo e 11°0′N 40°30′E haa fuɗnaange haa 12° hade mayre wirtaade fuɗnaange haa timma haa nde yettoo maayo Gargori. Maayo Awash goɗɗo ina jeyaa heen (e nder doggol dow): maayo Logiya, maayo Mille, maayo Borkana, maayo Ataye, maayo Hawadi, maayo Kabenna e maayo Dukem. Wurooji e gure gonɗe e laawol maggol ina mbaɗi Metehara, Awash, Gewane e Asaita. Won maayooji ɓuuɓɗi, maayooji, ɓulli ngulɗi, e ɓulli e nder ŋoral Awash hakkundeewal.<ref name=":2" /> == Wakati == Ko ɓuri heewde e weeyo maayo Awash ko dille nokkuuji gonɗi e nder weeyo (ITCZ). E nder yahdu mum feewde worgo e lewru marse/abriil e ruttaade mum feewde fuɗnaange, ITCZ ​​ina sosa dumunnaaji toɓooli ɗiɗi, dumunna ɓurɗo juutde hedde lewru marse (Belg), e dumunna juutɗo hakkunde lewru suwee e suwee (Kiremt), tawi heen feccere ina fadi e dumunna toɓooli gooto ɓurɗo juutde. Wakkati toɓo ina heewi wonde bimodal feewde fuɗnaange Ecoppi e ko famɗi fof unimodal feewde hirnaange Ecoppi. Wakkati hakkunde lewru Oktoobar e lewru Marse ko wakkati yooro, wi'eteeɗo Bega.<ref>Seleshi, Yilma; Zanke, Ulrich (2004-06-30). "Recent changes in rainfall and rainy days in Ethiopia". International Journal of Climatology. 24 (8): 973–983. Bibcode:2004IJCli..24..973S. doi:10.1002/joc.1052. ISSN 1097-0088.</ref> Sarɗiiji semi-arid haa arid ina keewi e nder falnde Rift. E ko feewti heen, nokkuuji toowɗi ɗii ina keɓa ko ina ɓura 1 600 milimeeteer (63 in) toɓo e ca. lebbi jeegom e hitaande.<ref>Knoche, Malte; Fischer, Christian; Pohl, Eric; Krause, Peter; Merz, Ralf (2014). "Combined uncertainty of hydrological model complexity and satellite-based forcing data evaluated in two data-scarce semi-arid catchments in Ethiopia". Journal of Hydrology. 519: 2049–2066. Bibcode:2014JHyd..519.2049K. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.003.</ref> === Waylo-waylo weeyo === Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2018 hollitii batte waylo-waylo weeyo e geɗe ndiyam e nder geec Awash. Ɓe kuutoriima mbaadiiji tati weeyo ummoraade e Eɓɓaande 5 (CMIP5) e mbaadiiji tati garooji (2006–2030, 2031–2055, e 2056–2080). Modeluuji ɗii cuɓaama e fawaade e golle mum en e nanngugol sifaaji toɓooli daartol. Mudda fuɗɗorde huutorteende ngam ƴeewndaade ko 1981–2005. Heɓde ndiyam garoowo oo hiisaama ko seerndi toɓooli e peeje potɗe huutoreede ngam huutoraade senaareeji ɓuuɓɗi (RCP8.5). Eɓɓaaɗe e yontaaji tati garooji ɗii ina kollita ɓeydagol ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder yontaaji kala e nder geɗe baɗɗe faayiida, sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki e ustaare toɓooli. Ngal ustaare ndiyam maa ɓeydu baasal ndiyam e nder weeyo ngo, ɓeyda hulɓinaade kisal ndiyam wonande sekteeruuji ceertuɗi.[5] == Hidrolooji ndiyam == === Toɓooli, yoorooji e ilamji === Toɓo ina seerti no feewi e nder weendu nduu gila e hitaande haa e hitaande aroore (ɗum woni ko wiyetee mbayliigu toowngu nder hitaande). Ɓooygol ndiyam e nder yontaaji joorɗi ina anndaa ko caɗeele wonande golle ceertuɗe ko wayi no ndiyam e dokkal ndiyam nder galleeji e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Awash.[5] Kono kadi ilam ina heewi waɗde e sahaa toɓooli mawɗi e lewru sulyee e lewru ut.[11] Nokku ilam ina seerti wonande ɓuuɓri Awash toowndi, hakkundeeri e les.[11] Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde "mbaydi e keewal ilam e nder weeyo Awash ina ceerti no feewi e hollirde geɗe keewɗe ɗe weeyo ngoo woni".[12]: 7 Yeru, e nder gure mawɗe, ilam ɓuuɓɗam e ɓuuɓol maayo ina anndaa ina waɗa. Yaawde mawnugol ndema, gollorɗe e urbanisaasiyoŋ e nder diiwaan Awash, kam e ɓeydagol yimɓe ina addana ɗaɓɓaande ɓeydotoonde e ngalu ndiyam diiwaan oo. Basin oo ina anndaa e waylo-waylo weeyo toowngo tawa ina waɗi yooro e ilam, kadi waylo-waylo weeyo ina gasa tawa ina ɓeyda caɗeele gonɗe heen ɗee.[5] Peeje njuɓɓudi ndiyam garooje ina poti huutoraade denndaangal sekteeruuji ɗii, tawa ina teskaa potal wonande huutortooɓe ceertuɓe.[5] Peeje vursugol ilam ina njuurnitee, ina jeyaa e wasiyaaji zi huutoraade "peewnugol kuutoragol leydi ndi 'flood-centric' e nder miijo mum e mbaadi mum [...]. Ɗum firti ko anndude (e reende) nokkuuji ilam saraaji nokkuuji mahdi e anndude nokkuuji baawzi accude ilam ngam soomde batte extre:1."  === Ndiyam les leydi === Recharge ndiyam les ina seerti hakkunde teddeendi ɓurndi 350 milimeeteer (14 in) hitaande kala e nder tooweeki toowki e alaa recharge e les falnde rift.[10][13] Ndiyam les leydi ɓuri heewde ɓuuɓde ko e ŋoral e dow ŋoral toowngal dow 1 900 m a.s.l.,[14] ɗo toɓooli hitaande kala ɓuri 1 000 milimeeteer (39 in).[13] Recharge tokooso nokkuure ina foti kadi waɗde e banngeeji ɓulli rift valley.[14] Recharge ndiyam les artificiel ina jokki e nokkuuji ɗo ndema ndiyam to falnde rift.[14] Recharge ummoraade e majjugol maayo e rewrude e infiltration ummoraade e maayooji ina jogii darnde e nder Rift mawɗo Ecoppi e nder Afar fuɗnaange.[13] Basin Awash ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe e gollorɗi ɗo gollorɗe keewɗe tuugnii e ndiyam les ngam golle mum en. Ko zuum wazi, ko vuri heewde e evvooje vamtaare aadee e nder weeyo ngo maa njokku fawaade e keewal e njuvvudi ndiyam les ɗam.[8] Njuɓɓudi ndiyam les ina ɗaɓɓi peeje cemmbinɗe sabu caɗeele aduna ɗe ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe, urbanisme, waylo-waylo weeyo, e golle aadee keewɗe.[8] == Ekoloji == Ko ɓuri heewde e weendu Awash ina jeyaa e ekoregion laddeeji montane Ecoppi. E dow tooweeki, ko huɗo e leɗɗe Ecoppi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Ecoppi ɓuri heewde. Eko-region laddeeji e ɓulli Somali ɗi Acacia–Commiphora ina njogii nokkuuji toowɗi e nder Rift.[15] Leɗɗe basin ina njogii batte tiiɗɗe e anthropogenic.[10] E nder geec Awash toowɗo e hakkundeejo oo fof, heddiiɓe e sifaaji savannaaji ceertuɗi ina njiyee haa jooni. Ɗe ummorii ko e savannaaji ƴiye e nder rift les, ladde, huɗo e savannaaji udditiiɗi dow 800 m e savannaaji leɗɗe e dow ŋoral e dow tooweeki.[16] === Daabaaji === Falnde Awash les ina jeyaa e nokkuuji laddeeji gadiiɗi reeneede ngam puccu ladde Afrik. Jooni noon, daaba oo majjii e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Yangudi Rassa, kono haa jooni ina tawee e nokku ladde Mille-Serdo saraaji mum.[17] Daabaaji mawɗi goɗɗi jeyaaɗi e nokku oo ina njeyaa heen: Beisa Oryx, gaas Soemmering, gaas Dorcas, gerenuk e gaas Grevy. Koɗorɗe kadi ina njibina e nder maayo ngoo. == Golle aadee e batte mum == Basin Awash woni ko ɓuri ƴellitaade, huutoreede, huutoreede, ɓurde mettinde, e ɓurde heewde yimɓe (ko ɓuri 15% walla fotde 18,6 miliyoŋ e nder 120 miliyoŋ) e nder Ecoppi.[6] Awash hakkundeejo ina anndaa e jogaade ndiyam mawɗam e tokosam, kam e njulaagu ndema e njulaagu suukara (Wenji, Methara, e njulaagu suukara Kesem).[8] === Ndiyam ɗam === Ndiyam gonɗam e nder gure mawɗe hono Addis Abeba, Mojo e Adama, e kadi, ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ngam leyɗeele ndema nokkuuje e njulaagu (hono ndema kaaƴe) fawii ko e maayo Awash e ŋore mum.[18] === Golle faggudu === Faggudu maayo Awash ɓuri heewde ko e ndema e sarwisaaji, tawi ko sakkitiiɗi ɗii ɓuri heewde e caka wuro mawngo Addis Abeba. Demal ina heewi huutoraade ndiyam (fotde 89% e kuutoragol ndiyam e nder tovo ngo) ina teskaa wonde ina jokki wonde sabaabu vamtaare faggudu e nder duuvi garooji zi. Pewnugol gese haa teengti noon ko geze mawze e faggudu vursugol ngol, zum wonnoo ko vursugol jaawngol e nder duuvi cakkitiizi zi, zum wonnoo ko 7,9% e yontere kala e nder tovo ngo, hakkunde 2004 e 2014. Haa e hitaande 2012, keewal ndema vursugol ngol ina famzi 2% e kala ko ina wona[4]. Laddeeji ina pamɗi e nder maayo Awash, so wonaa seeɗa e leɗɗe eukaliptus tokoose. Yaasi Awash National Park savannaaji udditiiɗi e leɗɗe ina ɓadii ndema e gese. Ɗuum ina teskaa e denndaangal terɗe escarpment.[16] Ko ɗoon ɓuuɓri leɗɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee heddii no ngonka adanka savannaaji ɗii nii, tawi noon laral huɗo ngal lomtinaama e ndema. Ko tooweeki ɓurki toowde tan hollirta haa jooni leɗɗe jokkondirɗe. Feccere e laddeeji zi mbazaama e nokkuuji zi ndemaaka e laddeeji konifereeji zii. Gese ndema ɗee ko (endemik) teff, maaro, sorgo, ñebbe e leɗɗe.[16] Duunde ina famɗi ɗo ndema waawi wonde. Jawdi ndii ina ñaama e saraaji gese e saraaji laabi e dow ŋoral ŋoral. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sabaabuuji ɓuuɓgol, sibu ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ina bonna heen seeɗa. Duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi ko huunde woowaande e nder weeyo Awash.[19] Kewuuji ɓuuɓɗi e yoorooji keewɗi ina kaɗa golle faggudu e nder weeyo ngo. Feccere mawnde e miskineeɓe teeru gollotooɓe e ndema toɓooli e nder leyɗeele marginaal ɗe yooro heewi, tawaaɗe e hakkundeere e les njiimaandi ndii ina tampina no feewi yooro keewngo.[4] Feere weeyo ina jogii tawo batte keewɗe e yimɓe e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder weeyo Awash. Yoorooji mawzi e nder weeyo ngo addanii ustaare mawnde e ndema e maayde jawdi, zum addani veydaare e ŋakkeende nguura. Ustaare toɓooli seeɗa (5%) ina qiimee ina usta 5% e geɗe ndema (PIB) e nder baas oo, tawa ina usta 10% e geɗe ndema.[4] Ɗaɓɓaande ballal neɗɗankaagal ina heewi no feewi sabu ŋakkeende weeyo, ko wayi no kewuuji El Niño 2015/2016 baɗnooɗi yooro mawngo e jaabawol neɗɗankaagal jowitiingol e ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 10 neɗɗo e nder leydi ndii, tawi diiwanuuji keewɗi ɓurɗi teeŋtude ina tawee e nder geec Awash.[5] === Cuuɗi === Laabi ɓuuɓɗi e nder gure e nder gollorɗe ina pamɗi, ina ŋakki e nder maayo Awash. Ɗo ɗe ngoni ɗoo, ƴiiƴam majji (ko heewi ko bonnata) ina njuutee e maayooji ɓadiiɗi, ina mbonna ɗe.[18] Mawnugol gollorɗe e gure e nder geec maayo Awash bonnii no feewi ekosistem sabu tookeeji gonɗi e nder ndiyam. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e nder maayo Awash toowngo ummorii ko e ɓuuɓri gollorɗe e gure, e ɓuuɓri ndema (pesticides, fertilizers), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Golle anthropogenic e geogenic fof ina mballita e ŋakkeende nguura ndiyam teskaande.[6] Helmere geogenic firti ko mborosaaji baɗɗi e tagoore rewrude e tektonik, loope, cumu vulkanik, e geɗe ɓuuɓɗe ceene.[citation needed] Pollugol njamndi teddundi e nder ndiyam ɗam wontii huunde ɓeydotoonde saɗtude e nokkuuji e cellal yimɓe.[6] Industiriiji pollugol e nder maayo Awash ina njeyaa heen : liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe pentiir, liggorɗe hirsude, liggorɗe mbaylaandi, liggorɗe birniiji, liggorɗe njaram, liggorɗe suukara, liggorɗe opitaaluuji, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe. Ndiyam mbonɗam ina naata e maayo ngoo gila e gure ko wayi no Adiis Abeba, Awash 7 Kilo, Ambo, Sebeta, Bishoftu, Gelan, Adama, Modjo. Rufngo ndema ina waawi wonde sabaabu pollugol njamndi teeŋtundi (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, U, e Zn) e nder geec, kadi ustude njamndi e nder gollorɗe ina waawi kadi addande njamndi teddundi toowndi ko wayi no As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Zn, e Pb.[6] === Kalite ndiyam === Wiɗto mbayliigu ndiyam maayo e hitaande 2023 hollitii wonde tolnooji toowɗi njamndi teeŋtundi, ko wayi no Al, Mn, Mo, As, V, Fe, e Ba kolliraama e teddeendi 1257 μg/L, 626,8 μg/L, 116,7 μg/L, 61,2 μg/07., 61,2 μg/051 μg/L, e 211,7 μg/L, ko noon. E nder 20 njamndi teddundi vurndi moxxude, 20 % e parametruuji nder nokkuuji wiztooji zi ina njogii dow keerol OMS wonande ndiyam njareteeɗam ; Al (157 μg/L), V (100,5 μg/L), Fe (1082,7 μg/L), Mn (626,8 μg/L), e Mo (103,8 μg/L) kolliraama e nokkuuji saraaji maayo ngoo.[6] Ɗum ko caɗeele nde tawnoo ndiyam ummortooɗam maayo ina huutoree ngam ɓuuɓnude ndiyam njareteeɗam e ɓuuɓnude.[citation needed] Heɓde mborosaaji gonɗi e nder ndiyam maayo ko huunde woɗnde. Ɗee geɗe ina mbaɗi leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo, geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder gollorɗe, e kemikaaji ndema. Toɓɓe toowɗe gonɗe e mborosaaji gonɗi e nder leydi njiytaa ko e wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2023 e nder maayo e nder ndiyam ɗam : "Pesticides, leɗɗe daabaaji, ñamri artificiel, e geɗe toppitiiɗe neɗɗo njiytaa ko e sammeeji ummoriiɗi e denndaangal nokkuuji tawaaɗi (surface, leydi, e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam wonnoo ko e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam). Endocrine ɓulli ndiyam les leydi."[20] Ndiyam maayo e ndiyam les ɗam ɓuuɓɗam ina njokkondiri no feewi. Kosam ɗam e nder ndiyam maayo ina waawi bonnude ndiyam les ɗam e ko nanndi heen. Wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2024, wiɗtii sifaaji ndiyam les ɗam e nder diiwaan Awash hakkundeejo ngam huutoraade ɗum e fannuuji keewɗi. Nde tawi ko mborosaaji ko wayi no arsenik, vanadium, gallium, litiyum, rubidium, krom, mangaan, njamndi, e sink tawaama ina keewi e nder ndiyam leslesam sara maayo Beseka, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko golle geɗe leydi, cumu ɓuuɓngu, e ɓuuɓgol kaaƴe.[8] Ko ɓuri feccere e ɓulli ndiyam leslesam ɗam moƴƴaani e yarde, ɗum noon ina addana renndooji nokkuuji ɗii caɗeele cellal mawɗe, tuugiiɗe e ɗeen ɓulli sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam laaɓɗam dow leydi.[8] E nder Basin Awash hakkundeejo e leydi ndii fof, njuuteendi ndiyam ko vuri heewde e tovo ngo ina famzi no haanirta nii, ina famzi no haanirta nii. Waɗi noon, nokkuuji nder ŋorol Awash dowri, haa teeŋti noon e saraaji Modjo, Bishoftu, Gelan, e Addis Abeba, ina keewi no feewi e ɓuuɓri ndi rewaani laawol e pollugol ndiyam les ɗam.[8] == Paleontoloji == Neɗɗaŋke ina wuuri e nder falnde Awash ko famɗi fof gila e fuɗɗoode tagoore ndee. Heddiiɓe e hominiduuji keewɗi ko adii aadee tawaama e nder Awash hakkundeejo.[21] Heddii ko tawaa e nder falnde Awash ko gila e yontaaji Miyosen, Pliosen, e fuɗɗoode Pleistosen (ko ina wona duuɓi miliyoŋaaji 5,6–2,5 jooni), ina heen kadi ƴiye Ostralopitesin keewɗe, ina heen "Lucy", neɗɗo ɓurɗo lollude e Ostralopiteku.[7][21] Hominideeji goɗɗi majjuɗi njiytaaɗi e nokku hee ina njeyaa heen Homo erectus e Ardipithecus. == Tariya == E teeminannde 16ɓiire maayo Awash ina wiyee maayo Dir mawngo, ina woni e leydi juulɓe.[22] === Teeminannde 20ɓiire === Oropnaajo gadano rewindaade laawol maayo Awash haa joofni e nder oasis Aussa ko Wilfred Thesiger e hitaande 1933/1934, o fuɗɗii ko e wuro Awash, rewi laawol maayo ngoo haa joofni e maayo Abhebad, jokki yahdu makko fuɗnaange haa Tadjoura. (Fooyre wiɗtiyanke biyeteeɗo L. M. Nesbitt rewi heen geɗel gootel e laawol Awash e hitaande 1928, o woppii maayo ngoo to Asaita, o yahri to fuɗnaange rewrude e Depression Afar haa o arti e maayo boɗeejo.[23]) E hitaande 1960, baraas Koka timminaama e dow maayo Awash e nokku mo 75 kiloomeeteer (47 mi) ummoraade Addis Abeba. E udditgol maggol, ngol wonti ƴulɓe mawɗe e nder nokku hee. Ladde ndiyam laaɓɗam ɗam, Lake Gelila (anndiraande kadi ko ɓuuɓri Koka), ina waɗi fotde 180 kiloomeeteer kaaree (69 miil kaaree). Ladde ndee e baraas oo fof ina hulɓinii sabu ɓeydagol nguleeki. == Renndo e pinal == Falnde Awash gila hedde 9° N dow ko galle aadaaji leñol Afar e leñol Issa Somali.[24] Falnde Awash naatnaama e nder Fatagar, Ifat, e Shewa.<ref>Richard Pankhurst, The Ethiopian Borderlands (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 61</ref> Banke hakkunde leyɗeele Awash inniraa ko maayo Awash.<ref>"assessment of credit risk management policies" (PDF). 1 November 2022.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == lbnmzdpn6sqs9h9njwyiokda2oe60ka 0 42748 177141 2026-06-29T08:05:53Z Sirjat 14855 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1297337831|List of lagoons of South Africa]]" 177141 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:P9200027.JPG|right|thumb|Lagoon Langebaan, Kap hirnaange]] Ko doggol feccere e laanaaji Afrik worgo . Lagoon ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam seerndi ɗum e ndiyam ɓurɗam mawnude e mbaadi leydi ɓuuɓndi, ko wayi no ɓulli, duuɗe barmeeji, duuɗe barmeeji, walla isthmuseeji. == Doggol laanaaji Afrik worgo == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;" !Name !Province !Nearest Town !Coordinates !Remarks |- |[[Sodwana Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Sodwana Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>27°32′S 32°40′E / 27.533°S 32.667°E / -27.533; 32.667 | |- |[[St Lucia Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |St Lucia |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>28°23′S 32°25′E / 28.383°S 32.417°E / -28.383; 32.417 |Is already on the list of Estuaries, because it is fed by a river. |- |[[Mdloti Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Tongaat |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>29°38′S 31°7′E / 29.633°S 31.117°E / -29.633; 31.117 |Although fed by a river, its separated from the sea. |- |[[Ohlanga Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Umhlanga |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>29°42′S 31°5′E / 29.700°S 31.083°E / -29.700; 31.083 |as above. |- |[[uMngeni Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Athlone |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>29°48′S 31°2′E / 29.800°S 31.033°E / -29.800; 31.033 |Not on the list of True Estuaries. |- |[[Manzimtoti Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Amanzimtoti |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°3′S 30°52′E / 30.050°S 30.867°E / -30.050; 30.867 |Not on the list of True Estuaries. |- |[[Lovu Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Illovo Beach |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°6′S 30°51′E / 30.100°S 30.850°E / -30.100; 30.850 |Not on the list of True Estuaries. |- |[[uMgababa Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |near Illovo Beach |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°9′S 30°49′E / 30.150°S 30.817°E / -30.150; 30.817 |Since the [[Umgababa Dam]] was built the river nearly dried up. |- |[[aMahlongwa Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |near Scottburgh |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°15′S 30°45′E / 30.250°S 30.750°E / -30.250; 30.750 |Although fed by a small stream. |- |[[Umzinto Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |near Pennington |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°22′S 30°42′E / 30.367°S 30.700°E / -30.367; 30.700 |Although fed by a small stream. |- |[[Fafa Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |near Ifafa Beach |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°27′S 30°39′E / 30.450°S 30.650°E / -30.450; 30.650 |Although fed by a small stream. |- |[[Knysna Lagoon]] |Western Cape |Knysna |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>34°05′S 23°04′E / 34.083°S 23.067°E / -34.083; 23.067 |Is already on the list of Estuaries, as it is not a true Lagoon |- |Langebaan Lagoon |Western Cape |Langebaan |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>33°1′S 18°3′E / 33.017°S 18.050°E / -33.017; 18.050 |Salt water lagoon |} == Ƴeew kadi == b30knw2263tz0v37wioex8fxgt4q6h0 177142 177141 2026-06-29T08:06:12Z Sirjat 14855 177142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:P9200027.JPG|right|thumb|Lagoon Langebaan, Kap hirnaange]] Ko doggol feccere e laanaaji Afrik worgo . Lagoon ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam seerndi ɗum e ndiyam ɓurɗam mawnude e mbaadi leydi ɓuuɓndi, ko wayi no ɓulli, duuɗe barmeeji, duuɗe barmeeji, walla isthmuseeji. == Doggol laanaaji Afrik worgo == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;" !Name !Province !Nearest Town !Coordinates !Remarks |- |[[Sodwana Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Sodwana Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>27°32′S 32°40′E / 27.533°S 32.667°E / -27.533; 32.667 | |- |[[St Lucia Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |St Lucia |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>28°23′S 32°25′E / 28.383°S 32.417°E / -28.383; 32.417 |Is already on the list of Estuaries, because it is fed by a river. |- |[[Mdloti Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Tongaat |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>29°38′S 31°7′E / 29.633°S 31.117°E / -29.633; 31.117 |Although fed by a river, its separated from the sea. |- |[[Ohlanga Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Umhlanga |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>29°42′S 31°5′E / 29.700°S 31.083°E / -29.700; 31.083 |as above. |- |[[uMngeni Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Athlone |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>29°48′S 31°2′E / 29.800°S 31.033°E / -29.800; 31.033 |Not on the list of True Estuaries. |- |[[Manzimtoti Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Amanzimtoti |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°3′S 30°52′E / 30.050°S 30.867°E / -30.050; 30.867 |Not on the list of True Estuaries. |- |[[Lovu Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Illovo Beach |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°6′S 30°51′E / 30.100°S 30.850°E / -30.100; 30.850 |Not on the list of True Estuaries. |- |[[uMgababa Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |near Illovo Beach |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°9′S 30°49′E / 30.150°S 30.817°E / -30.150; 30.817 |Since the [[Umgababa Dam]] was built the river nearly dried up. |- |[[aMahlongwa Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |near Scottburgh |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°15′S 30°45′E / 30.250°S 30.750°E / -30.250; 30.750 |Although fed by a small stream. |- |[[Umzinto Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |near Pennington |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°22′S 30°42′E / 30.367°S 30.700°E / -30.367; 30.700 |Although fed by a small stream. |- |[[Fafa Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |near Ifafa Beach |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°27′S 30°39′E / 30.450°S 30.650°E / -30.450; 30.650 |Although fed by a small stream. |- |[[Knysna Lagoon]] |Western Cape |Knysna |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>34°05′S 23°04′E / 34.083°S 23.067°E / -34.083; 23.067 |Is already on the list of Estuaries, as it is not a true Lagoon |- |Langebaan Lagoon |Western Cape |Langebaan |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>33°1′S 18°3′E / 33.017°S 18.050°E / -33.017; 18.050 |Salt water lagoon |} == Ƴeew kadi == pjy22odstq7jw6303gqh1lih3ay8iku 177143 177142 2026-06-29T08:06:32Z Sirjat 14855 177143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:P9200027.JPG|right|thumb|Lagoon Langebaan, Kap hirnaange]] Ko '''doggol feccere e laanaaji Afrik worgo'''. Lagoon ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam seerndi ɗum e ndiyam ɓurɗam mawnude e mbaadi leydi ɓuuɓndi, ko wayi no ɓulli, duuɗe barmeeji, duuɗe barmeeji, walla isthmuseeji. == Doggol laanaaji Afrik worgo == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;" !Name !Province !Nearest Town !Coordinates !Remarks |- |[[Sodwana Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Sodwana Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>27°32′S 32°40′E / 27.533°S 32.667°E / -27.533; 32.667 | |- |[[St Lucia Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |St Lucia |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>28°23′S 32°25′E / 28.383°S 32.417°E / -28.383; 32.417 |Is already on the list of Estuaries, because it is fed by a river. |- |[[Mdloti Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Tongaat |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>29°38′S 31°7′E / 29.633°S 31.117°E / -29.633; 31.117 |Although fed by a river, its separated from the sea. |- |[[Ohlanga Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Umhlanga |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>29°42′S 31°5′E / 29.700°S 31.083°E / -29.700; 31.083 |as above. |- |[[uMngeni Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Athlone |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>29°48′S 31°2′E / 29.800°S 31.033°E / -29.800; 31.033 |Not on the list of True Estuaries. |- |[[Manzimtoti Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Amanzimtoti |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°3′S 30°52′E / 30.050°S 30.867°E / -30.050; 30.867 |Not on the list of True Estuaries. |- |[[Lovu Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Illovo Beach |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°6′S 30°51′E / 30.100°S 30.850°E / -30.100; 30.850 |Not on the list of True Estuaries. |- |[[uMgababa Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |near Illovo Beach |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°9′S 30°49′E / 30.150°S 30.817°E / -30.150; 30.817 |Since the [[Umgababa Dam]] was built the river nearly dried up. |- |[[aMahlongwa Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |near Scottburgh |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°15′S 30°45′E / 30.250°S 30.750°E / -30.250; 30.750 |Although fed by a small stream. |- |[[Umzinto Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |near Pennington |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°22′S 30°42′E / 30.367°S 30.700°E / -30.367; 30.700 |Although fed by a small stream. |- |[[Fafa Lagoon]] |KwaZulu-Natal |near Ifafa Beach |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>30°27′S 30°39′E / 30.450°S 30.650°E / -30.450; 30.650 |Although fed by a small stream. |- |[[Knysna Lagoon]] |Western Cape |Knysna |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>34°05′S 23°04′E / 34.083°S 23.067°E / -34.083; 23.067 |Is already on the list of Estuaries, as it is not a true Lagoon |- |Langebaan Lagoon |Western Cape |Langebaan |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>33°1′S 18°3′E / 33.017°S 18.050°E / -33.017; 18.050 |Salt water lagoon |} == Ƴeew kadi == ie541yrvcmludxgdi0dq30snoeqdz3b 0 42749 177156 2026-06-29T09:32:41Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355956371|Charles Abani]]" 177156 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Abani''' (jibinaa ko 17 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1960) ko dipolomaat Najeriya-Angalteer, karallo ko faati e ƴellitaare hakkunde leyɗeele, ko o kadi koolaaɗo kuuɓal [[Ngenndiije Dentuɗe|Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe]] to [[Gana|Ganaa]] . Ko adii ɗuum, o wonnoo ko gardiiɗo Afrik hirnaange, hakkundeejo e [[Hayti|Haiti]] to Chemonics International , o woniino kadi hooreejo lannda to Amerik ngam ƴellitde eɓɓaande renndo siwil hakkunde leyɗeele to [[Naajeeriya|Nijeer]] . == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Charles Abani jibinaa ko to [[Afikpo North|Afikpo worgo]], leydi Najeriya, Baaba mum ko Igbo, yumma mum ko Engele. Abani heɓi dipoloma mum ko faati e daartol e arkewolosi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, [[Nsukka]] e dipoloma mum ko faati e ganndal siyaas to [[Janngirde Ahmadu Bello|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya|Zaria]] . O janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oxford Saïd Business School ɗo o janngi njuɓɓudi e njuɓɓudi njulaagu. == Kugal == Hakkunde hitaande 1995 e 1999, Charles Abani woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya ngam kuugal ballal lesdi Naajeeriya VSO, o ardii dabareeji ɓamtaare e kuuɗe 90 ballal nder lesdi ndiin fuu. E hitaande 1999, o toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya ngam ActionAid, ɓaawo man o woni hooreejo kuuɗe diiwal Afrik haa hitaande 2007 nde o yahi haa Oxfam, o woni hooreejo diiwal Afrik worgo. Charles Abani woniino kadi gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi ARK International, hooreejo lannda fedde Ameriknaare ngam ƴellitaare hakkunde leyɗeele eɓɓaande renndo siwil Nijeer e gardiiɗo Afrik hirnaange, hakkundeejo e [[Hayti|Haiti]] to Chemonics . Omo jogii humpito mawngo e nder resooji ƴellitaare e njuɓɓudi e nder Afrik kam e golle ƴellitaare to bannge winndere. Omo jogii kadi humpito e golle e nder sekteeruuji keewɗi e laamu to leydi Angalteer. == Koolaaɗo kuuɓal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe == E lewru mee 2020, António Guterres, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, toɗɗiima Charles Abani, yo won gardiiɗo [[Ngenndiije Dentuɗe|Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe]] to [[Gana|leydi Ganaa]] . == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] s0ci4oa65dzbpikn3khc19lcapt37ob 177157 177156 2026-06-29T09:33:01Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Abani''' (jibinaa ko 17 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1960) ko dipolomaat Najeriya-Angalteer, karallo ko faati e ƴellitaare hakkunde leyɗeele, ko o kadi koolaaɗo kuuɓal [[Ngenndiije Dentuɗe|Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe]] to [[Gana|Ganaa]] . Ko adii ɗuum, o wonnoo ko gardiiɗo Afrik hirnaange, hakkundeejo e [[Hayti|Haiti]] to Chemonics International , o woniino kadi hooreejo lannda to Amerik ngam ƴellitde eɓɓaande renndo siwil hakkunde leyɗeele to [[Naajeeriya|Nijeer]] . == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Charles Abani jibinaa ko to [[Afikpo North|Afikpo worgo]], leydi Najeriya, Baaba mum ko Igbo, yumma mum ko Engele. Abani heɓi dipoloma mum ko faati e daartol e arkewolosi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, [[Nsukka]] e dipoloma mum ko faati e ganndal siyaas to [[Janngirde Ahmadu Bello|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya|Zaria]] . O janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oxford Saïd Business School ɗo o janngi njuɓɓudi e njuɓɓudi njulaagu. == Kugal == Hakkunde hitaande 1995 e 1999, Charles Abani woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya ngam kuugal ballal lesdi Naajeeriya VSO, o ardii dabareeji ɓamtaare e kuuɗe 90 ballal nder lesdi ndiin fuu. E hitaande 1999, o toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya ngam ActionAid, ɓaawo man o woni hooreejo kuuɗe diiwal Afrik haa hitaande 2007 nde o yahi haa Oxfam, o woni hooreejo diiwal Afrik worgo. Charles Abani woniino kadi gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi ARK International, hooreejo lannda fedde Ameriknaare ngam ƴellitaare hakkunde leyɗeele eɓɓaande renndo siwil Nijeer e gardiiɗo Afrik hirnaange, hakkundeejo e [[Hayti|Haiti]] to Chemonics . Omo jogii humpito mawngo e nder resooji ƴellitaare e njuɓɓudi e nder Afrik kam e golle ƴellitaare to bannge winndere. Omo jogii kadi humpito e golle e nder sekteeruuji keewɗi e laamu to leydi Angalteer. == Koolaaɗo kuuɓal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe == E lewru mee 2020, António Guterres, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, toɗɗiima Charles Abani, yo won gardiiɗo [[Ngenndiije Dentuɗe|Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe]] to [[Gana|leydi Ganaa]] . == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 7gmgf8emd5xnr5nlwbxy7jvtgdw1s9s 0 42750 177158 2026-06-29T09:34:01Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324579794|Simeon Adebo]]" 177158 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo '''Simeon Olaosebikan Adebo''' (4 oktoobar 1913 - 30 suwee 1994) ko gardiiɗo leydi Nijeer, awokaa e dipolomaat, gonnooɗo gardiiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. O woniino hooreejo gollordu laamu e nder [[Western State (Nigeria)|diiwaan hirnaange]] ɓooyɗo leydi Najeriya . Ko o mawɗo [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|leñol Yoruba en]] hoɗɓe e nokku taariindi koɗki [[Abeokuta]], o joginoo ko tiitoonde '''Okanlomo''' Egbaland . == Jaangirde == O timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos e hitaande 1932, o janngi sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde faggudu to Londres, ɗo o heɓi jaŋde makko o naati e bar. == Kugal == Adebo golliima to Ministeer kaalis leydi ndii e hitaande 1961 o wonti hooreejo sarwiis siwil e hooreejo laamu [[Western State (Nigeria)|diiwaan hirnaange]] ndeen . O toɗɗaama Wakiiliijo Duumotooɗo leydi Naajeeriya to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe gila 1962 haa 1967, o woni kadi hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e hooreejo fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam jannginde e wiɗto haa hitaande 1972. Caggal nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya joofi, hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, Seneraal [[Yakubu Gowon|Yakubu Gowon,]] sosi komisiyoŋ ngam ƴeewtaade njoɓdi e njoɓdi gollotooɓe e nder leydi Naajeeriya e ƴeewde no moƴƴiri ngonka faggudu gollotooɓe, nafoore komisiyoŋ oo ko sabu ɓeydagol coodguuli nguura sabu inflation civil mo alaa ɗo haaɗi e nder yontaaji. Simeon Adebo noddiraa ko ardaade komisiyoŋ mo caggal mum anndiraa komisiyoŋ Adebo. Gollotooɓe ɗaɓɓuɓe ɓeydagol njoɓɗeele ina mbeltii e suɓaade Adebo, o yiytaa ko no njuɓɓudi laamu ndi alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa politik, baawɗo ƴeewtaade no feewi ngonka gollotooɓe, e wiɗtude caɗeele gollotooɓe e nder sektoraa siwil e sektoraa keeriiɗo. Ƴeewndo laamu nguu adii waɗde njoɓdi, noddanooɗo ɓeydagol njoɓɗeele e hitaande 1964, rewi heen ko sekteer keeriiɗo. E nder ciimtol mum gadanol, komisiyoŋ gonɗo e les njiimaandi Adebo, wasiyiima yo COLA walla Cost of Living Award wonande gollotooɓe fof, tuggi ɓeydagol 10 dolaar haa 24 dolaar. Kono tan, komisiyoŋ oo yiɗiino golloraade e nder njuɓɓudi laamu nguu e kitaale 1960, tee ina jokki tan e ƴeewde no ƴeewtirtee e no fotiri caɗeele karallaagal njuɓɓudi ndii, tawa ko e nokkuuji ɗo njuɓɓudi laamu nguu foti ƴeewteede e nder njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, walla e nder njuɓɓudi laamu leydi Nijeer. O woniino kadi hooreejo goomu leslesu nguu, ngu yettiima nanondiral e jeewte shariiyaaje ɗe njuumtaani e ɗe puɗɗiima, ɗe njuɓɓini e nder batu doosɗe leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1977. O woppi golle makko e golle gardiiɗo [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]] e hitaande 1992. == Tuugnorgal == bghmwnmfxvckbd69v2rxt9f666ug5o2 177159 177158 2026-06-29T09:34:14Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mawɗo '''Simeon Olaosebikan Adebo''' (4 oktoobar 1913 - 30 suwee 1994) ko gardiiɗo leydi Nijeer, awokaa e dipolomaat, gonnooɗo gardiiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. O woniino hooreejo gollordu laamu e nder [[Western State (Nigeria)|diiwaan hirnaange]] ɓooyɗo leydi Najeriya . Ko o mawɗo [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|leñol Yoruba en]] hoɗɓe e nokku taariindi koɗki [[Abeokuta]], o joginoo ko tiitoonde '''Okanlomo''' Egbaland . == Jaangirde == O timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos e hitaande 1932, o janngi sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde faggudu to Londres, ɗo o heɓi jaŋde makko o naati e bar. == Kugal == Adebo golliima to Ministeer kaalis leydi ndii e hitaande 1961 o wonti hooreejo sarwiis siwil e hooreejo laamu [[Western State (Nigeria)|diiwaan hirnaange]] ndeen . O toɗɗaama Wakiiliijo Duumotooɗo leydi Naajeeriya to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe gila 1962 haa 1967, o woni kadi hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e hooreejo fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam jannginde e wiɗto haa hitaande 1972. Caggal nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya joofi, hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, Seneraal [[Yakubu Gowon|Yakubu Gowon,]] sosi komisiyoŋ ngam ƴeewtaade njoɓdi e njoɓdi gollotooɓe e nder leydi Naajeeriya e ƴeewde no moƴƴiri ngonka faggudu gollotooɓe, nafoore komisiyoŋ oo ko sabu ɓeydagol coodguuli nguura sabu inflation civil mo alaa ɗo haaɗi e nder yontaaji. Simeon Adebo noddiraa ko ardaade komisiyoŋ mo caggal mum anndiraa komisiyoŋ Adebo. Gollotooɓe ɗaɓɓuɓe ɓeydagol njoɓɗeele ina mbeltii e suɓaade Adebo, o yiytaa ko no njuɓɓudi laamu ndi alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa politik, baawɗo ƴeewtaade no feewi ngonka gollotooɓe, e wiɗtude caɗeele gollotooɓe e nder sektoraa siwil e sektoraa keeriiɗo. Ƴeewndo laamu nguu adii waɗde njoɓdi, noddanooɗo ɓeydagol njoɓɗeele e hitaande 1964, rewi heen ko sekteer keeriiɗo. E nder ciimtol mum gadanol, komisiyoŋ gonɗo e les njiimaandi Adebo, wasiyiima yo COLA walla Cost of Living Award wonande gollotooɓe fof, tuggi ɓeydagol 10 dolaar haa 24 dolaar. Kono tan, komisiyoŋ oo yiɗiino golloraade e nder njuɓɓudi laamu nguu e kitaale 1960, tee ina jokki tan e ƴeewde no ƴeewtirtee e no fotiri caɗeele karallaagal njuɓɓudi ndii, tawa ko e nokkuuji ɗo njuɓɓudi laamu nguu foti ƴeewteede e nder njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, walla e nder njuɓɓudi laamu leydi Nijeer. O woniino kadi hooreejo goomu leslesu nguu, ngu yettiima nanondiral e jeewte shariiyaaje ɗe njuumtaani e ɗe puɗɗiima, ɗe njuɓɓini e nder batu doosɗe leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1977. O woppi golle makko e golle gardiiɗo [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]] e hitaande 1992. == Tuugnorgal == bnznytawwmpyfa1krxaf6yq2evundwk 0 42751 177160 2026-06-29T09:35:25Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350147353|Adebayo Adedeji]]" 177160 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adebayo Adedeji''' listen c (21 Duujal 1930 – 25 Abriil 2018) ko ganndo faggudu e janngirde Nijeer . Professeur timmuɗo e duuɓi 36, o woniino Komisinaajo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ƴellitaare faggudu e mahngo gila 1971 haa 1975. O woniino kalfinaaɗo ƴellitaare faggudu e mahngo leydi Najeriya caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele. E lewru suwee 1975, o toɗɗaa hooreejo gollordu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe wonande Afrik, o woni e oon nokku haa lewru Siilo hitaande 1991. Adedeji winndi Peeje Golle Lagos e hitaande 1980 ɗe Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e OAU ƴetti. Nde o arti Naajeeriya, o sosi Centre Africain pour le Développement et d’Études Stratégiques (ACDESS), fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore, nde wonaa laamuyankoore, nde wonaa laamuyankoore, nde wonaa laamuyankoore, nde wonaa laamuyankoore, nde wonaa laamuyankoore, nde wonaa laamuyankoore, nde daranii ko janndeeji keewɗi e peeje e nder Afrik e wonande Afrik. O heɓi teddungal ngenndiwal Kumaandaŋ Republique fédérale . [https://sunnewsonline.com/adebayo-adedeji-1930-2018/] E nder ciimtol mum gadanol, komisiyoŋ gonɗo e les njiimaandi Adebo, wasiyiima yo COLA walla Cost of Living Award wonande gollotooɓe fof, tuggi ɓeydagol 10 dolaar haa 24 dolaar. Kono tan, komisiyoŋ oo yiɗiino golloraade e nder njuɓɓudi laamu nguu e kitaale 1960, tee ina jokki tan e ƴeewde no ƴeewtirtee e no fotiri caɗeele karallaagal njuɓɓudi ndii, tawa ko e nokkuuji ɗo njuɓɓudi laamu nguu foti ƴeewteede e nder njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, walla e nder njuɓɓudi laamu leydi Nijeer. Adedeji suɓaama e hitaande 1991. == Nguurndam == Adebayo Adedeji jibinaa ko ñalnde 21 lewru Duujal hitaande 1930 to Ijebu Ode, leydi Nijeer. Adedeji sankii ko kikiiɗe ñalnde 25 abriil 2018 to [[Lagos]] caggal nde o dañi rafi juutɗo. UNECA waɗii batu ciftorgol ngam teddinde mo ñalnde 7 sulyee to Lagos. == Tuugnorgal == 7fsgs1vf1znyaeqm6u79i6r5h9ra495 177161 177160 2026-06-29T09:35:39Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adebayo Adedeji''' listen c (21 Duujal 1930 – 25 Abriil 2018) ko ganndo faggudu e janngirde Nijeer . Professeur timmuɗo e duuɓi 36, o woniino Komisinaajo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ƴellitaare faggudu e mahngo gila 1971 haa 1975. O woniino kalfinaaɗo ƴellitaare faggudu e mahngo leydi Najeriya caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele. E lewru suwee 1975, o toɗɗaa hooreejo gollordu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe wonande Afrik, o woni e oon nokku haa lewru Siilo hitaande 1991. Adedeji winndi Peeje Golle Lagos e hitaande 1980 ɗe Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e OAU ƴetti. Nde o arti Naajeeriya, o sosi Centre Africain pour le Développement et d’Études Stratégiques (ACDESS), fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore, nde wonaa laamuyankoore, nde wonaa laamuyankoore, nde wonaa laamuyankoore, nde wonaa laamuyankoore, nde wonaa laamuyankoore, nde wonaa laamuyankoore, nde daranii ko janndeeji keewɗi e peeje e nder Afrik e wonande Afrik. O heɓi teddungal ngenndiwal Kumaandaŋ Republique fédérale . [https://sunnewsonline.com/adebayo-adedeji-1930-2018/] E nder ciimtol mum gadanol, komisiyoŋ gonɗo e les njiimaandi Adebo, wasiyiima yo COLA walla Cost of Living Award wonande gollotooɓe fof, tuggi ɓeydagol 10 dolaar haa 24 dolaar. Kono tan, komisiyoŋ oo yiɗiino golloraade e nder njuɓɓudi laamu nguu e kitaale 1960, tee ina jokki tan e ƴeewde no ƴeewtirtee e no fotiri caɗeele karallaagal njuɓɓudi ndii, tawa ko e nokkuuji ɗo njuɓɓudi laamu nguu foti ƴeewteede e nder njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, walla e nder njuɓɓudi laamu leydi Nijeer. Adedeji suɓaama e hitaande 1991. == Nguurndam == Adebayo Adedeji jibinaa ko ñalnde 21 lewru Duujal hitaande 1930 to Ijebu Ode, leydi Nijeer. Adedeji sankii ko kikiiɗe ñalnde 25 abriil 2018 to [[Lagos]] caggal nde o dañi rafi juutɗo. UNECA waɗii batu ciftorgol ngam teddinde mo ñalnde 7 sulyee to Lagos. == Tuugnorgal == r5xg7h5e9ld4r6tys9hevgrlx70rtby 0 42752 177164 2026-06-29T09:38:10Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357323224|Wahab Adekola Akande]]" 177164 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wahab Adekola Akande''' (jibinaa ko 5 suwee 1967) ko dipolomaat Naajeeriya ganndiraaɗo daranaade dipolomasi pinal, kadi ko o firoowo ɗemngal Farayse e ofisee porotokol ko juuti e hooreeɓe leydi Naajeeriya heewɓe. Ko kanko woni konsul 6ɓo leydi Najeriya to suudu sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya to Frankfurt, [[Almaanya|leydi Almaañ]] . Ardungal maako haa Konsula Naajeeriya haa Frankfurt, anndaama ngam waddugo bote kuugal konsula nder mission e kuuɗe feere, nder maajum woni karnival pinal Naajeeriya arandeere nde konsula yuɓɓini. == Baɗte arande == Wahab Adekola Akande janngi jaŋde mum hakkundeere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde juulɓe Ede to [[Diiwal Osun|diiwaan Osun]] hannde oo, tuggi hitaande 1981 haa hitaande 1986. O yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan ɗo o heɓi bakkaa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Orop, o heɓi dipolom makko ko fayti e gannde e ɗemngal Farayse, to duɗal ɗiɗaɓal (division supérieure). Hakkunde 1991 e 1992, o golliima e les njiimaandi (NYSC) to [[Jos]], e nder [[Diiwal Filato|diiwaan Plateau]], e golle makko gadane to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos . == Golle dipolomaasi == Ambassadeur Wahab Akande naati nder ministaajo lesdi Naajeeriya nder lewru Yarkomaa 1993, o huwi nder departemaaji ɗuuɗɗi e kuuɗe dipolomasi Naajeeriya haa lesdi feere, bana Lome, Togo; Yaawunnde, leydi Kamaruun; e Biriksel, leydi Belsik. [[File:Axel_Wintermeyer,_Hessian_Minister_of_State_with_Nigeria's_CG_in_Frankfurt,_Wahab_Akande,_during_the_latter's_inaugural_visit_to_the_Hessian_Chancellery.jpg|thumb|Axel Wintermeyer, jaagorɗo lesdi Hessiya bee CG lesdi Naajeeriya haa Frankfurt, Wahab Akande, wakkati njillu maako arandeejo haa hukuuma lesdi Hessiya]] === Tour de devoir === E lewru feebariyee 2007, ammbasadeer Akande neldaama to [[Suudu laamu (Villa Aso Rock)|suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, biro hooreejo leydi ndii]], ɗo o woni haa 2011 ko o firoore/porotokol ɗemngal Farayse to hooreeɓe leydi ndii, [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaru Musa Yar’Adua]] e [[Goodluck Jonathan]] hade makko neldaa to Bruxelles [[Beljik|Belgium]] . Nde o arti e Bruxelles, o artiraa e galle laamu, Biro hooreejo leydi, ngam kadi wonde firoore/ofisee porotokol hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan. E fajiri laamu hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari, o neldaama haa suudu jokkirgol hooreejo lesdi (PLO), o huuwi duuɓi jeego'o. E nder teddungal duuɓi capanɗe ɗi o golli e leydi Najeriya, o toɗɗaama Ambasadeer-in-situ ñalnde 18 lewru Duujal hitaande 2020. Ñalnde 11 lewru bowte hitaande 2021, o toɗɗaama konsul mawɗo to konsulaa mawɗo leydi Nijeer to Frankfurt, leydi Almaañ. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] d6kkaaixqzw2zas5xn0fkut8dx9og9o 177165 177164 2026-06-29T09:38:24Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wahab Adekola Akande''' (jibinaa ko 5 suwee 1967) ko dipolomaat Naajeeriya ganndiraaɗo daranaade dipolomasi pinal, kadi ko o firoowo ɗemngal Farayse e ofisee porotokol ko juuti e hooreeɓe leydi Naajeeriya heewɓe. Ko kanko woni konsul 6ɓo leydi Najeriya to suudu sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya to Frankfurt, [[Almaanya|leydi Almaañ]] . Ardungal maako haa Konsula Naajeeriya haa Frankfurt, anndaama ngam waddugo bote kuugal konsula nder mission e kuuɗe feere, nder maajum woni karnival pinal Naajeeriya arandeere nde konsula yuɓɓini. == Baɗte arande == Wahab Adekola Akande janngi jaŋde mum hakkundeere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde juulɓe Ede to [[Diiwal Osun|diiwaan Osun]] hannde oo, tuggi hitaande 1981 haa hitaande 1986. O yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan ɗo o heɓi bakkaa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Orop, o heɓi dipolom makko ko fayti e gannde e ɗemngal Farayse, to duɗal ɗiɗaɓal (division supérieure). Hakkunde 1991 e 1992, o golliima e les njiimaandi (NYSC) to [[Jos]], e nder [[Diiwal Filato|diiwaan Plateau]], e golle makko gadane to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos . == Golle dipolomaasi == Ambassadeur Wahab Akande naati nder ministaajo lesdi Naajeeriya nder lewru Yarkomaa 1993, o huwi nder departemaaji ɗuuɗɗi e kuuɗe dipolomasi Naajeeriya haa lesdi feere, bana Lome, Togo; Yaawunnde, leydi Kamaruun; e Biriksel, leydi Belsik. [[File:Axel_Wintermeyer,_Hessian_Minister_of_State_with_Nigeria's_CG_in_Frankfurt,_Wahab_Akande,_during_the_latter's_inaugural_visit_to_the_Hessian_Chancellery.jpg|thumb|Axel Wintermeyer, jaagorɗo lesdi Hessiya bee CG lesdi Naajeeriya haa Frankfurt, Wahab Akande, wakkati njillu maako arandeejo haa hukuuma lesdi Hessiya]] === Tour de devoir === E lewru feebariyee 2007, ammbasadeer Akande neldaama to [[Suudu laamu (Villa Aso Rock)|suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, biro hooreejo leydi ndii]], ɗo o woni haa 2011 ko o firoore/porotokol ɗemngal Farayse to hooreeɓe leydi ndii, [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaru Musa Yar’Adua]] e [[Goodluck Jonathan]] hade makko neldaa to Bruxelles [[Beljik|Belgium]] . Nde o arti e Bruxelles, o artiraa e galle laamu, Biro hooreejo leydi, ngam kadi wonde firoore/ofisee porotokol hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan. E fajiri laamu hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari, o neldaama haa suudu jokkirgol hooreejo lesdi (PLO), o huuwi duuɓi jeego'o. E nder teddungal duuɓi capanɗe ɗi o golli e leydi Najeriya, o toɗɗaama Ambasadeer-in-situ ñalnde 18 lewru Duujal hitaande 2020. Ñalnde 11 lewru bowte hitaande 2021, o toɗɗaama konsul mawɗo to konsulaa mawɗo leydi Nijeer to Frankfurt, leydi Almaañ. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] r2s8ndfpmbvop3ylqubsh5pfaslsoy5 0 42753 177168 2026-06-29T09:40:46Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361103726|Bankole Adeoye]]" 177168 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bankole Adeoye''' (jibinaa ko 9 suwee 1959) ko dipolomaat [[Afrik|Afriknaajo]] ummoriiɗo [[Naajeeriya|Nijeer]] . O wonii hannde Komiseer Dental Afrik (AU) to bannge geɗe politik, jam, e kisal, golle ɗe o ƴetti e lewru marse 2021 caggal nde o suɓaa e batu 34ɓo Dental Afrik e lewru feebariyee 2021. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Adeoye jibinaa ko to [[Lagos]], [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]], o jeyaa ko e diiwaan Ogun . O heɓi Baccalauréat e ganndal politik e daartol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Obafemi Awolowo (ko adii ɗuum ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ife) e hitaande 1982, o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|Lagos]] e hitaande 1987 Chevening e ganndo Diisnondiral Biritaan. == Kugal == Golle dipolomaasi Adeoye ina mbaɗi golle keewɗe teeŋtuɗe : E nder nguurndam makko fof, Adeoye ina joginoo golle e nder leyɗeele keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen Ejipt, Beresiil, Afrik worgo, e Ecoppi. == Darnde e wasiyaaji == Ko o Komisinaajo AU ngam Geɗe Politik, Jam, e Kisal, Adeoye ina daranii waylude Afrik rewrude e laamu moƴƴu, jam duumotooɗo, kisal, e ƴellitaare duumotoonde. == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Adeoye ina resndi Gwendolyn Adeoye, ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe rewɓe ɗiɗo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2026)">ciimtol ina haani</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 83xphiyog4afakfkjg8fxzuunc6ofw7 177169 177168 2026-06-29T09:41:02Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bankole Adeoye''' (jibinaa ko 9 suwee 1959) ko dipolomaat [[Afrik|Afriknaajo]] ummoriiɗo [[Naajeeriya|Nijeer]] . O wonii hannde Komiseer Dental Afrik (AU) to bannge geɗe politik, jam, e kisal, golle ɗe o ƴetti e lewru marse 2021 caggal nde o suɓaa e batu 34ɓo Dental Afrik e lewru feebariyee 2021. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Adeoye jibinaa ko to [[Lagos]], [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]], o jeyaa ko e diiwaan Ogun . O heɓi Baccalauréat e ganndal politik e daartol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Obafemi Awolowo (ko adii ɗuum ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ife) e hitaande 1982, o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|Lagos]] e hitaande 1987 Chevening e ganndo Diisnondiral Biritaan. == Kugal == Golle dipolomaasi Adeoye ina mbaɗi golle keewɗe teeŋtuɗe : E nder nguurndam makko fof, Adeoye ina joginoo golle e nder leyɗeele keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen Ejipt, Beresiil, Afrik worgo, e Ecoppi. == Darnde e wasiyaaji == Ko o Komisinaajo AU ngam Geɗe Politik, Jam, e Kisal, Adeoye ina daranii waylude Afrik rewrude e laamu moƴƴu, jam duumotooɗo, kisal, e ƴellitaare duumotoonde. == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Adeoye ina resndi Gwendolyn Adeoye, ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe rewɓe ɗiɗo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2026)">ciimtol ina haani</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 0zqmel76ueh4ot7o7bs3esuru26m9td 0 42754 177177 2026-06-29T09:47:37Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347887091|Gabriel Aduda]]" 177177 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabriel Tanimu Aduda''' (jibinaa ko 25 lewru Oktoobar 1971) ko golloowo laamu leydi Najeriya, ko o jaagorgal ko feewti e ndeenka leydi Najeriya . O meeɗiino jogaade oon ɗoon darnde to Ministeer Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, ɗo o waɗi darnde tiiɗnde e ƴeewtaade golle e politik ministeer oo. Aduda kadi wonnoo ko guwerneer OPEP ngam leydi Naajeeriya, o lomtii nafooje leydi ndii e batu 186ɓu nguu e nder batu jaagorɗe OPEP. E hitaande 2021, Aduda toɗɗaama yo won hooreejo duumotooɗo e ministeer geɗe caggal leydi . Ko adii ɗuum, o woniino Sekereteer duumotooɗo e nder Ministeer Sukaaɓe e Pijirlooji, o artiraa e Ministeer Geɗe caggal leydi e lewru desaambar 2020. Ko adii nde o wontata sekereteer duumotooɗo, o joginoo golle ko wayi no Direkteer wiɗtooji faggudu e Ministeer Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e Finance Ministeer He Manage Reorientation to Komiseer bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis . == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Aduda ina jogii BSc. e nder Geography e Peewnugol to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Jos, Dipolom Master e Peewnugol wuro e diiwanuuji to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Ibadan (1998), e seedantaagal caggal jaŋde to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Hong Kong (2012). O tawtoraama kadi kursuuji heblo, yeru "Moƴƴinde laamu e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder Afrik" to Duɗal Banke Adunaajo to [[Firiton|Freetown]], [[Sarliyon|Siyeraa Leyoon]] . == Kugal == Aduda waɗii kuuɗe ɗuuɗɗe maantinɗe nder kuuɗe maako nder kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, ko hawti bee: == Luural == E hitaande 2017, ciimtol ''Sahara Reporters'', ''[[Premium Times]]'' e won e jaayɗe kollitii wonde ina gasa tawa cukko hooreejo leydi ndii [[Yemi Osinbajo|, hono Yemi Osinbajo,]] toɗɗiima neɗɗo mo alaa kaayitaaji ngam wonde binndoowo duumotooɗo. Ɗum addi noddaango yo o woppite e jappeere ndee. Fedde wiyeteende Coalition pour les groupes indigènes FCT e gardagol Kamal Adamu Shaibu ñiŋii ɗeen ciimtol, nde tawnoo o wiyi ciimtol luulndiingol ngol yaltinaa e jaaynde ''Premium Times'', ''Sahara Reporters'' <ref name="saharareporters.com" /> e jaayɗe goɗɗe, ko yimɓe ɓe ngalaa ko nafata ngam haɓaade ƴellitaare Civil Service e nder fedde nde. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] lzwrrtt7mrq3w5i6vx82dinwrdnt1us 177178 177177 2026-06-29T09:47:51Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gabriel Tanimu Aduda''' (jibinaa ko 25 lewru Oktoobar 1971) ko golloowo laamu leydi Najeriya, ko o jaagorgal ko feewti e ndeenka leydi Najeriya . O meeɗiino jogaade oon ɗoon darnde to Ministeer Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, ɗo o waɗi darnde tiiɗnde e ƴeewtaade golle e politik ministeer oo. Aduda kadi wonnoo ko guwerneer OPEP ngam leydi Naajeeriya, o lomtii nafooje leydi ndii e batu 186ɓu nguu e nder batu jaagorɗe OPEP. E hitaande 2021, Aduda toɗɗaama yo won hooreejo duumotooɗo e ministeer geɗe caggal leydi . Ko adii ɗuum, o woniino Sekereteer duumotooɗo e nder Ministeer Sukaaɓe e Pijirlooji, o artiraa e Ministeer Geɗe caggal leydi e lewru desaambar 2020. Ko adii nde o wontata sekereteer duumotooɗo, o joginoo golle ko wayi no Direkteer wiɗtooji faggudu e Ministeer Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e Finance Ministeer He Manage Reorientation to Komiseer bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis . == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Aduda ina jogii BSc. e nder Geography e Peewnugol to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Jos, Dipolom Master e Peewnugol wuro e diiwanuuji to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Ibadan (1998), e seedantaagal caggal jaŋde to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Hong Kong (2012). O tawtoraama kadi kursuuji heblo, yeru "Moƴƴinde laamu e ƴellitaare faggudu e nder Afrik" to Duɗal Banke Adunaajo to [[Firiton|Freetown]], [[Sarliyon|Siyeraa Leyoon]] . == Kugal == Aduda waɗii kuuɗe ɗuuɗɗe maantinɗe nder kuuɗe maako nder kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, ko hawti bee: == Luural == E hitaande 2017, ciimtol ''Sahara Reporters'', ''[[Premium Times]]'' e won e jaayɗe kollitii wonde ina gasa tawa cukko hooreejo leydi ndii [[Yemi Osinbajo|, hono Yemi Osinbajo,]] toɗɗiima neɗɗo mo alaa kaayitaaji ngam wonde binndoowo duumotooɗo. Ɗum addi noddaango yo o woppite e jappeere ndee. Fedde wiyeteende Coalition pour les groupes indigènes FCT e gardagol Kamal Adamu Shaibu ñiŋii ɗeen ciimtol, nde tawnoo o wiyi ciimtol luulndiingol ngol yaltinaa e jaaynde ''Premium Times'', ''Sahara Reporters'' <ref name="saharareporters.com" /> e jaayɗe goɗɗe, ko yimɓe ɓe ngalaa ko nafata ngam haɓaade ƴellitaare Civil Service e nder fedde nde. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] ox9tbekdp2ptpcpe60f0tnm67gu56ms 0 42755 177179 2026-06-29T09:48:48Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350439795|Thomas Aguiyi-Ironsi]]" 177179 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Aguiyi-Ironsi''' Listen R (jibinaa ko c. 1953) ko dipolomaat golloowo mo hooreejo leydi Obasanjo toɗɗii ngam wonde jaagorde teknokraat.O joginoo golle jaagorgal leydi ndi ko feewti e ndeenka tuggi lewru Yarkomaa haa lewru Mee 2007 caggal ɗuum o wonti roking mo ooɗoo neɗɗo gadano hol I0 duuɓi.Ko o ɓiy gonnooɗo hooreejo konu Seneraal Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, kadi ko kanko wonnoo ammbasadeer to [[Togo]] hade gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii [[Olusegun Obasanjo|, hono Olusegun Obasanjo,]] toɗɗaade mo ngam lomtaade [[Roland Oritsejafor|Roland Oritsejafor,]] jaagorgal konu leydi ndii. Nde Aguiyi-Ironsi wonnoo Ambasadeer to Togo, suɓngooji ngam lomtaade jaagorde caggal leydi yaltunde, hono Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, ina wiyee ko kanko e [[Joy Ogwu]] . Kono caggal nde Obasanjo riiwi Oritsejafor, Aguiyi-Ironsi heɓi golle jaagorgal ko feewti e ndeenka, Ogwu wonti jaagorgal caggal leydi. Ɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe kuniima ñalnde 30 ut 2006. Ñalnde 24 lewru bowte hitaande 2007, Aguiyi-Ironsi hollitii wonde Nijeer maa neldu bataliyoŋ konu jam to [[Somaaliya|Somali]] . == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 2zfnt44xksenie6arfgme4iy0w0awrh 177180 177179 2026-06-29T09:49:01Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Thomas Aguiyi-Ironsi''' Listen R (jibinaa ko c. 1953) ko dipolomaat golloowo mo hooreejo leydi Obasanjo toɗɗii ngam wonde jaagorde teknokraat.O joginoo golle jaagorgal leydi ndi ko feewti e ndeenka tuggi lewru Yarkomaa haa lewru Mee 2007 caggal ɗuum o wonti roking mo ooɗoo neɗɗo gadano hol I0 duuɓi.Ko o ɓiy gonnooɗo hooreejo konu Seneraal Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, kadi ko kanko wonnoo ammbasadeer to [[Togo]] hade gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii [[Olusegun Obasanjo|, hono Olusegun Obasanjo,]] toɗɗaade mo ngam lomtaade [[Roland Oritsejafor|Roland Oritsejafor,]] jaagorgal konu leydi ndii. Nde Aguiyi-Ironsi wonnoo Ambasadeer to Togo, suɓngooji ngam lomtaade jaagorde caggal leydi yaltunde, hono Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, ina wiyee ko kanko e [[Joy Ogwu]] . Kono caggal nde Obasanjo riiwi Oritsejafor, Aguiyi-Ironsi heɓi golle jaagorgal ko feewti e ndeenka, Ogwu wonti jaagorgal caggal leydi. Ɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe kuniima ñalnde 30 ut 2006. Ñalnde 24 lewru bowte hitaande 2007, Aguiyi-Ironsi hollitii wonde Nijeer maa neldu bataliyoŋ konu jam to [[Somaaliya|Somali]] . == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 6vdlm2pu2lpt7axuubw0l6bahg1ovmt 0 42756 177185 2026-06-29T09:52:17Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355747161|List of ambassadors of Nigeria]]" 177185 wikitext text/x-wiki Ko doggol '''Ammbasadeeruuji leydi Najeriya''' jooni . {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="white-space: nowrap;" !Leydi jaɓɓotoondi ! Ambasadeer ! Wakere ! Diga |- | Almaañ | Yuusuf Tuggaar | | Suwee 2017 |- | | [[Ojo Maduekwe]] | Otaawa | |- | | [[Hakeem O. Sulaiman|Hakiim O. Sileymaani]] | [[Pari]] | 20 feebariyee 2014 |- | | [[Felix Edobor Awanbor|Feliks Edobor Awanbor]] | Biriksel | |- | | [[Nyimenuate Oji Ngofa]] | La Haye | 7 ut 2017 |- | | [[Mohammed Gana|Mohammadu Ganaa]] | Tokiyoo | 25 suwee 2016 |} == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}} lzr776chz8nsij455l4cvd19zfobxjv 0 42757 177186 2026-06-29T10:08:14Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302991560|Agho Obaseki]]" 177186 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo '''Agho Obaseki''' (maayi ñalnde 9 suwee 1920) ko mawɗo mawɗo e nder Laamu Benin e leyɗeele lomtiiɗe ɗum tuggi 1898 haa 1914, caggal ɗuum Iyase mo Benin tuggi 1914 haa o sankii e hitaande 1920. {{Sfn|Igbafe|1972}} == Ɓawo == Mawɗo Agho Ogbedeoyo Obaseki mo [[Benen|leydi Benin]] woniino gardiiɗo jaagorɗe (Iyase) leydi Benin e nder laamu hakkunde leyɗeele (1897-1914) hono hooreejo njuɓɓudi laamu nde Oba Ovonramwen woppitaa. Agho woni gadano ɓiɓɓe baaba mum Ogbeide. Ogbeide joginoo tiitoonde Bini Ine e les njiimaandi Oba Adolo. Ɓesngu makko ko iwdi Oba Ehengbuda, Oba leydi Benin tuggi 1578 haa 1604. Ɓe ngummiima Benin haa Nsukwa. Obi gadano mo Nsukwa ko ɓii Oba Ehengbuda. Mawniiko gorko Agho Obaseki, laamɗo Emokhua N'Obo, ko doktoor jibinaaɗo, o wonnoo ko e luural doole e miñiiko ngam heɓde jappeere laamu baaba maɓɓe, Obi mo Nsukwa e ɓiy Oba Ehengbuda. Ine oo ko hooreejo renndo palaas Ibiwe, ko kanko woni kalfinaaɗo ƴellitde ronooɓe ɓee e laamɓe woɗɓe ɓee. Nde o heɓi duuɓi 25, o naati e won e caɗeele e nder wuro Iguovinyoba nde o hawri e debbo dewbo. O ummii caggal ɗuum o fayi wuro Benin ngam fuɗɗaade nguurndam kesam, toon o hawri e laamɗo leydi ndii hono Idugbowa, caggal ɗuum Oba Ovonramwen Nogbaisi, ƴettuɗo Agho e les njiimaandi mum, sehilaagal hakkunde worɓe ɗiɗo ɓee fuɗɗii. Agho suka gooto ndeen wonti njulaagu laamɗo Idugbowa. {{Sfn|Igbafe|1972}} == Jaambaraagal Ovonramwen, mawnugol njulaagu Agho, e dokkal tiitoonde Obaseki == Nde laamɗo Idgubowa wonti Oba Ovonramwen, Agho heɓiino jogaade doole e njulaagu nebam paltoor e kernel ngam soodde geɗe Orop ko wayi no rum, match, lamɗam, koltu, silki, e geɗe goɗɗe naatɗe caggal leydi. Ndeen noon, Agho addi jawdi mawndi e Oba Ovonramwen e hoore mum, o yoɓaama no gardiiɗo golloowo galle laamɗo Benin, halfinaaɗo ñaawde luure galleeji tokoose. Oba Ovonramwen kadi yoɓi Agho debbo mum gadano, Etuohun, o rokki ɗum tiitoonde Obaseki nde ndeen naatnaa e renndo tiitoonde Iweguae. Obaseki firti ko "moƴƴere Oba ɓuri nafoore e njulaagu tan" ; ndee tiitoonde heɓaa ko e hitaande 1889. [1] Oba Ovonramwen ɓeydi darnde Obaseki nde o rokki ɗum teemedere jiyaaɓe wonnooɓe e wolde. [1] == Doggol leydi Benin e waylo waylo jokkondiral e Ovonramwen == Obaseki waɗii darnde tiiɗnde e kewuuji baɗnooɗi e doggol Benin gila e njillu Punitive e hitaande 1897 . O yuɓɓiniino defaare Benin, o yahdi e Oba Ovonramwen nde o dogata e yiite roketaaji Angalteer. Ovonramwen yamiri Obaseki e lewru abriil 1897 yo ƴeewndo Benin caggal bommbooji Angalteer. Obaseki ko Angalteer yiyti ɗum, haɗi mo hootde Ovonramwen sabu Angalteer yiyri mo ko nafoore e doosgal politik kesal ngal ɓe poti lelnude. Alfred Turner, hoɗnooɗo to Angalteer, toɗɗii Obaseki e Diiso Hooreejo e lewru suwee 1897. == Mawɗo mawɗo leydi Benin == Oba Ovonramwen dariima e ñaawoore e lewru ut ngam golle ardiiɗe e Expedition Punitive, Biritaannaaɓe njiyti mo, o woppitaa, o woppitaa to [[Kalaba|Calabar,]] ɗum addani mo ŋakkere ardorde nde [[Biritaani-Mawndi|Biritaannaaɓe]] hebbini e waɗde Obaseki hooreejo de facto e Diisnondiral politik keso sosaangal e nder Diisnondiral Native Benin e skills' Obase. == Tuugnorgal == qej6c4sut9dzbsib1rt4plt9kczvtmg 177187 177186 2026-06-29T10:08:31Z Sardeeq 14292 177187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mawɗo '''Agho Obaseki''' (maayi ñalnde 9 suwee 1920) ko mawɗo mawɗo e nder Laamu Benin e leyɗeele lomtiiɗe ɗum tuggi 1898 haa 1914, caggal ɗuum Iyase mo Benin tuggi 1914 haa o sankii e hitaande 1920. {{Sfn|Igbafe|1972}} == Ɓawo == Mawɗo Agho Ogbedeoyo Obaseki mo [[Benen|leydi Benin]] woniino gardiiɗo jaagorɗe (Iyase) leydi Benin e nder laamu hakkunde leyɗeele (1897-1914) hono hooreejo njuɓɓudi laamu nde Oba Ovonramwen woppitaa. Agho woni gadano ɓiɓɓe baaba mum Ogbeide. Ogbeide joginoo tiitoonde Bini Ine e les njiimaandi Oba Adolo. Ɓesngu makko ko iwdi Oba Ehengbuda, Oba leydi Benin tuggi 1578 haa 1604. Ɓe ngummiima Benin haa Nsukwa. Obi gadano mo Nsukwa ko ɓii Oba Ehengbuda. Mawniiko gorko Agho Obaseki, laamɗo Emokhua N'Obo, ko doktoor jibinaaɗo, o wonnoo ko e luural doole e miñiiko ngam heɓde jappeere laamu baaba maɓɓe, Obi mo Nsukwa e ɓiy Oba Ehengbuda. Ine oo ko hooreejo renndo palaas Ibiwe, ko kanko woni kalfinaaɗo ƴellitde ronooɓe ɓee e laamɓe woɗɓe ɓee. Nde o heɓi duuɓi 25, o naati e won e caɗeele e nder wuro Iguovinyoba nde o hawri e debbo dewbo. O ummii caggal ɗuum o fayi wuro Benin ngam fuɗɗaade nguurndam kesam, toon o hawri e laamɗo leydi ndii hono Idugbowa, caggal ɗuum Oba Ovonramwen Nogbaisi, ƴettuɗo Agho e les njiimaandi mum, sehilaagal hakkunde worɓe ɗiɗo ɓee fuɗɗii. Agho suka gooto ndeen wonti njulaagu laamɗo Idugbowa. {{Sfn|Igbafe|1972}} == Jaambaraagal Ovonramwen, mawnugol njulaagu Agho, e dokkal tiitoonde Obaseki == Nde laamɗo Idgubowa wonti Oba Ovonramwen, Agho heɓiino jogaade doole e njulaagu nebam paltoor e kernel ngam soodde geɗe Orop ko wayi no rum, match, lamɗam, koltu, silki, e geɗe goɗɗe naatɗe caggal leydi. Ndeen noon, Agho addi jawdi mawndi e Oba Ovonramwen e hoore mum, o yoɓaama no gardiiɗo golloowo galle laamɗo Benin, halfinaaɗo ñaawde luure galleeji tokoose. Oba Ovonramwen kadi yoɓi Agho debbo mum gadano, Etuohun, o rokki ɗum tiitoonde Obaseki nde ndeen naatnaa e renndo tiitoonde Iweguae. Obaseki firti ko "moƴƴere Oba ɓuri nafoore e njulaagu tan" ; ndee tiitoonde heɓaa ko e hitaande 1889. [1] Oba Ovonramwen ɓeydi darnde Obaseki nde o rokki ɗum teemedere jiyaaɓe wonnooɓe e wolde. [1] == Doggol leydi Benin e waylo waylo jokkondiral e Ovonramwen == Obaseki waɗii darnde tiiɗnde e kewuuji baɗnooɗi e doggol Benin gila e njillu Punitive e hitaande 1897 . O yuɓɓiniino defaare Benin, o yahdi e Oba Ovonramwen nde o dogata e yiite roketaaji Angalteer. Ovonramwen yamiri Obaseki e lewru abriil 1897 yo ƴeewndo Benin caggal bommbooji Angalteer. Obaseki ko Angalteer yiyti ɗum, haɗi mo hootde Ovonramwen sabu Angalteer yiyri mo ko nafoore e doosgal politik kesal ngal ɓe poti lelnude. Alfred Turner, hoɗnooɗo to Angalteer, toɗɗii Obaseki e Diiso Hooreejo e lewru suwee 1897. == Mawɗo mawɗo leydi Benin == Oba Ovonramwen dariima e ñaawoore e lewru ut ngam golle ardiiɗe e Expedition Punitive, Biritaannaaɓe njiyti mo, o woppitaa, o woppitaa to [[Kalaba|Calabar,]] ɗum addani mo ŋakkere ardorde nde [[Biritaani-Mawndi|Biritaannaaɓe]] hebbini e waɗde Obaseki hooreejo de facto e Diisnondiral politik keso sosaangal e nder Diisnondiral Native Benin e skills' Obase. == Tuugnorgal == qqm893ypw2s26lfaen3330gnhvgam41 0 42758 177188 2026-06-29T10:09:25Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330331770|Adeola Odutola]]" 177188 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo '''1902''' – 13 abriil 1995), OBE, CFR, CON, ko jom njulaagu mawɗo to leydi Najeriya ummoriiɗo Ijebu-Ode, Listen diiwaan Ogun . O jeyaa ko e ardinooɓe njulaagu ɓiɓɓe leydi Naajeeriya hannde, kadi ko kanko woni hooreejo gadano fedde peewnoowo leydi Naajeeriya. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ijebu Ode, e les njiimaandi gardiiɗo duɗal ngal, hono Rev. == Nguurndam == === Nguurndam gadano === Adeola Odutola jibinaa ko to Ijebu-Ode, renndo ngo, ko adii ɗuum ina joginoo damal ɓuuɓngal feewde e porto Lagos. Kono gargol koloñaal en ngol taƴii njiimaandi Ijebu en e hakke mum en e njiimaandi Lagos. Ko e oon sahaa cakkitiiɗo o jibinaa e galle njulaagu geɗe Ijebu. O naati duɗal St Saviour, Italupe kono o yalti ko omo yahra e duuɓi sappo e joyi caggal maayde baaba makko. O artiraa [[Ifẹ|Ile-Ife]] e ɓesngu makko ngam ustude baasal yumma makko kono caggal ɗuum o arti Ijebu Ode ngam hawrude e ɓesngu makko e etaade timminde jaŋde makko hakkundeere. Ndeen o winnditiima, o naati duɗal Ijebu Ode Grammar fotde duuɓi nay. Caggal nde o taƴi jaŋde makko hakkundeere, o ummii o fayi [[Lagos]] ngam reende hoore makko. O wonti binndoowo e nder departemaaji ceertuɗi e nder [[Koloni Lagos]], caggal ɗuum, e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Ijebu. O huutorii waktuuji makko ɓuuɓɗi ko e waɗde njulaagu keeriiɗo tuggi 1921 haa 1932. === Golle njulaagu === E hitaande 1932, o woppi golle makko e nder ñaawirdu, o naati e nder gollordu keeriiɗo. Ɓooytaani o udditi cuuɗi damask e cuuɗi liɗɗi e nder gure ceertuɗe e nder hirnaange leydi Najeriya, ko wayi no Ife, Ibadan, Ilesha e Lagos. Caggal nde, fuɗɗoode makko laaɓtunde ko njulaagu liɗɗi e njulaagu damask, o naati e njulaagu kakawo e Palm, o fuɗɗii soodde lori ngam nawde geɗe ɗee to Lagos ngam yeeyde ɗum en. O mahii cuuɗi ɗiɗi mawɗi ngam resde marsandiis e nder ooɗoo sahaa, gooto ina woni to Ijebu Ode, o naati kadi e renndo njulaagu e politik hono tergal e fedde soodooɓe Produce e fedde sukaaɓe leydi Najeriya . Kono noon, sosde juɓɓule yeeyde, e doole juɓɓule ɗee caggal ɗuum ngam yuɓɓinde njulaagu Kakao e nebam Palm, hollitii wonde ko huunde haɗnde njulaagu keeriiɗo e nder njulaagu peewnugol marsandiis. Odutola, seeɗa-seeɗa, wayli jawdi mum e doole mum ngam waɗde njulaagu sawru e njulaagu kaŋŋe to Ilesha. O wonti kadi golloowo mawɗo e John Holt Nijeer. E fuɗɗoode doggol ngol feewde e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Najeriya, Odutola yaajtinii mbaawka mum e peewnugol geɗe kaɓirɗe, o fuɗɗii peewnugol piye e tuubaaji e hitaande 1967. E nder nguurndam makko fof, o sosi gollorɗe keewɗe e nder leydi ndi, spanning, njulaagu e nguura, o mahi kadi duɗal hakkundeewal to Ijebu-Ode. O woniino tergal, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo fedde njulaagu leydi Najeriya e fedde peewnoowo leydi Najeriya e fuɗɗoode kitaale 70. == Tuugnorgal == * Tom Forrest, Yahrugol yeeso laamorgo Afrik: Mawnugol gollorɗe keertiiɗe Nijeer, Jaaynde Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Virginia (Août 1994). * Ruben Abati, Nguurndam T. Adeola Odutola, Batu Ardorde Afrik 1995 0lvpc3v7gpkuog3x9d16poylzownp4v 177189 177188 2026-06-29T10:09:43Z Sardeeq 14292 177189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mawɗo '''1902''' – 13 abriil 1995), OBE, CFR, CON, ko jom njulaagu mawɗo to leydi Najeriya ummoriiɗo Ijebu-Ode, Listen diiwaan Ogun . O jeyaa ko e ardinooɓe njulaagu ɓiɓɓe leydi Naajeeriya hannde, kadi ko kanko woni hooreejo gadano fedde peewnoowo leydi Naajeeriya. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ijebu Ode, e les njiimaandi gardiiɗo duɗal ngal, hono Rev. == Nguurndam == === Nguurndam gadano === Adeola Odutola jibinaa ko to Ijebu-Ode, renndo ngo, ko adii ɗuum ina joginoo damal ɓuuɓngal feewde e porto Lagos. Kono gargol koloñaal en ngol taƴii njiimaandi Ijebu en e hakke mum en e njiimaandi Lagos. Ko e oon sahaa cakkitiiɗo o jibinaa e galle njulaagu geɗe Ijebu. O naati duɗal St Saviour, Italupe kono o yalti ko omo yahra e duuɓi sappo e joyi caggal maayde baaba makko. O artiraa [[Ifẹ|Ile-Ife]] e ɓesngu makko ngam ustude baasal yumma makko kono caggal ɗuum o arti Ijebu Ode ngam hawrude e ɓesngu makko e etaade timminde jaŋde makko hakkundeere. Ndeen o winnditiima, o naati duɗal Ijebu Ode Grammar fotde duuɓi nay. Caggal nde o taƴi jaŋde makko hakkundeere, o ummii o fayi [[Lagos]] ngam reende hoore makko. O wonti binndoowo e nder departemaaji ceertuɗi e nder [[Koloni Lagos]], caggal ɗuum, e nder njuɓɓudi laamu Ijebu. O huutorii waktuuji makko ɓuuɓɗi ko e waɗde njulaagu keeriiɗo tuggi 1921 haa 1932. === Golle njulaagu === E hitaande 1932, o woppi golle makko e nder ñaawirdu, o naati e nder gollordu keeriiɗo. Ɓooytaani o udditi cuuɗi damask e cuuɗi liɗɗi e nder gure ceertuɗe e nder hirnaange leydi Najeriya, ko wayi no Ife, Ibadan, Ilesha e Lagos. Caggal nde, fuɗɗoode makko laaɓtunde ko njulaagu liɗɗi e njulaagu damask, o naati e njulaagu kakawo e Palm, o fuɗɗii soodde lori ngam nawde geɗe ɗee to Lagos ngam yeeyde ɗum en. O mahii cuuɗi ɗiɗi mawɗi ngam resde marsandiis e nder ooɗoo sahaa, gooto ina woni to Ijebu Ode, o naati kadi e renndo njulaagu e politik hono tergal e fedde soodooɓe Produce e fedde sukaaɓe leydi Najeriya . Kono noon, sosde juɓɓule yeeyde, e doole juɓɓule ɗee caggal ɗuum ngam yuɓɓinde njulaagu Kakao e nebam Palm, hollitii wonde ko huunde haɗnde njulaagu keeriiɗo e nder njulaagu peewnugol marsandiis. Odutola, seeɗa-seeɗa, wayli jawdi mum e doole mum ngam waɗde njulaagu sawru e njulaagu kaŋŋe to Ilesha. O wonti kadi golloowo mawɗo e John Holt Nijeer. E fuɗɗoode doggol ngol feewde e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Najeriya, Odutola yaajtinii mbaawka mum e peewnugol geɗe kaɓirɗe, o fuɗɗii peewnugol piye e tuubaaji e hitaande 1967. E nder nguurndam makko fof, o sosi gollorɗe keewɗe e nder leydi ndi, spanning, njulaagu e nguura, o mahi kadi duɗal hakkundeewal to Ijebu-Ode. O woniino tergal, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo fedde njulaagu leydi Najeriya e fedde peewnoowo leydi Najeriya e fuɗɗoode kitaale 70. == Tuugnorgal == * Tom Forrest, Yahrugol yeeso laamorgo Afrik: Mawnugol gollorɗe keertiiɗe Nijeer, Jaaynde Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Virginia (Août 1994). * Ruben Abati, Nguurndam T. Adeola Odutola, Batu Ardorde Afrik 1995 fndzv4bkmrq7ij7poev23bbch0n0x46 0 42759 177190 2026-06-29T10:11:40Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345887137|Jacob Odulate]]" 177190 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacob Sogboyega Odulate''' (1884–1962), '''lollirɗo Yaakuuba barkinɗo''' ko farmasiyanke [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yorubaajo]] Najeriya, binndoowo, jom ngalu e jiiloowo Alabukun, lekki patent . == Nguurndam gadano == Gila e galle Pa Odulate, jom rewɓe heewɓe, Jacob Odulate jibinaa ko to Ikorodu, diiwaan Lagos e hitaande 1884. Mawniiko gorko ko mawɗo Aina Odukanmade, Mosene gadano, mo baaba mum ummorii ko e calɗi Senlu e nder galle laamɗo Ranodu to Imota, wuro sara Ikorodu. [1] [] Nde o heɓi duuɓi 14 o ummi galle baaba makko to Ikorodu o fayi Abeokuta, Ogun State ɗo o yahri lebbi 3 ngam yahde to o yahrata. Nde o woni to Abeokuta, o hawri e farmasiyanke gooto ina wiyee Doktoor Sapara mo o heɓi ganndal kuuɓtodinngal e geɗe safaara. [2] [ ndika wawru ] Nde o woni suka, Jacob sosi sosiyetee mum peewnugol ina wiyee Alabukun ɗo o feewnata kala sifaa leɗɗe patent. == Alabukun ñawu nguu == Ko e hitaande 1918 (hitaande koloñaal [[Biritaani-Mawndi|Angalteer]] tiiɗnde ), e kikiiɗe gooto to « gardiiɗo » makko tokooso, kono tedduɗo, to Sapon to Abeokuta ɗo o mahi gardiiɗo sosiyatee makko ko jillondiral nokku golle, biro, suudu diisnondiral e gollordu laboratuwaar. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> O dañii sosde marke Alabukun e oon ñalawma keeriiɗo e ballal debbo makko e sukaaɓe makko. O waawi kadi feewnude markeeji goɗɗi ko wayi no Alabukun Mentholine e jaaynde hitaandeere wiyeteende Alabukun Almanac nde renndini ko heewi e nder Abeokuta e saraaji mum hakkunde 1920 e 1950. Nde o feewnata nde, ko ɓuri heewde e geɗe mayre keɓaama to Liverpool to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="does not appear to be a reliable source (April 2017)">ndika<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>wawru<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>haajuuji<nowiki></span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Pooɗal Alabukun ina waɗi asid asetilsalisilik e kafeyin ko geɗe mum kuutorteeɗe. Poos Alabukun ina waɗi 760&nbsp;mg asid asetilsalisilik e 60&nbsp;mg kafe ina waɗa fotde 820&nbsp;mg ɓeydi heen bulking goɗɗo e ko reennata waɗde 1000&nbsp;mg powder ina waɗi tawa teddeendi poos ina tolnoo e 1400&nbsp;mg. Ina huutoree e geɗe goɗɗe keewɗe ko wayi no : ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, ɓuuɓri daande, haɗde ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, [[Neuralgias|ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam]], ɓuuɓri miokardi, [[Transluminal angioplasty|anjiyoplasti transluminal]] e ɓuuɓri iskemi . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="blog (April 2017)">ndika<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>wawru<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>haajuuji<nowiki></span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Farmakodinamik poɗɗe Alabukun ina kollita wonde ina gollira e haɗde peewnugol ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, ina haɗa adenosin e nder ɓanndu. Ɗee golle ina usta mette, ina addana kuutortooɗo oo foofde no moƴƴi e ustude ngaandi e ɓernde. Ina waawi tawa batte mum so huutoraaka no haanirta nii ina jeyaa heen : ɓuuɓri sabu mooftude ndiyam, asma, ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri e vertigo. Duuɓi 100, marque oo ina heddii e yeeyde e nder denndaangal nokkuuji [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], Republique [[Benen|Benin]], [[Kamerun|Cameroun]], [[Gana|Ganaa]] e won e nokkuuji [[Yuroopu|Orop]] .Marque Alabukun woni hannde e les njiimaandi koye ODULATE, gooto e ɓiɓɓe mawɓe mawɗo Jacob Odulate. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="blog (April 2017)">ndika<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>wawru<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>ina haani<nowiki></span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Caalaje == O resi ɗum ko Sekumade Abiodun Odulate. O waɗi haa ɓiɓɓe makko njanngi no moƴƴi. Gila e ngartam makko o neldi sukaaɓe makko janngude to Durham, Newcastle, [[Dowlaaji Dentuɗi|Amerik]] e [[London|Londres]] ngam heɓde seedantaagal jaŋde, safrooɓe, awokaaji e innjiniyankooɓe. Gooto nder ɓiɓɓe maako wuurɓe woni hooreejo Mrs Folake Solanke nee Odulate mo woni debbo arandeejo SAN nder [[Naajeeriya|lesdi Naajeeriya]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="blog (April 2017)">ndika<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>wawru<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>ina haani<nowiki></span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:All articles with unsourced statements]] 26d6gvcrvg7e1ynxi4c372seja3z77b 177191 177190 2026-06-29T10:12:19Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345887137|Jacob Odulate]]" 177191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacob Sogboyega Odulate''' (1884–1962), '''lollirɗo Yaakuuba barkinɗo''' ko farmasiyanke [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yorubaajo]] Najeriya, binndoowo, jom ngalu e jiiloowo Alabukun, lekki patent .<ref>Solanke, 'Folake (2007). Reaching for the stars: The autobiography of 'Folake Solanke. <nowiki>ISBN 9789788088431</nowiki>.</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == Gila e galle Pa Odulate, jom rewɓe heewɓe, Jacob Odulate jibinaa ko to Ikorodu, diiwaan Lagos e hitaande 1884. Mawniiko gorko ko mawɗo Aina Odukanmade, Mosene gadano, mo baaba mum ummorii ko e calɗi Senlu e nder galle laamɗo Ranodu to Imota, wuro sara Ikorodu. [1] [] Nde o heɓi duuɓi 14 o ummi galle baaba makko to Ikorodu o fayi Abeokuta, Ogun State ɗo o yahri lebbi 3 ngam yahde to o yahrata. Nde o woni to Abeokuta, o hawri e farmasiyanke gooto ina wiyee Doktoor Sapara mo o heɓi ganndal kuuɓtodinngal e geɗe safaara. [2] [ ndika wawru ] Nde o woni suka, Jacob sosi sosiyetee mum peewnugol ina wiyee Alabukun ɗo o feewnata kala sifaa leɗɗe patent. == Alabukun ñawu nguu == Ko e hitaande 1918 (hitaande koloñaal [[Biritaani-Mawndi|Angalteer]] tiiɗnde ), e kikiiɗe gooto to « gardiiɗo » makko tokooso, kono tedduɗo, to Sapon to Abeokuta ɗo o mahi gardiiɗo sosiyatee makko ko jillondiral nokku golle, biro, suudu diisnondiral e gollordu laboratuwaar. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> O dañii sosde marke Alabukun e oon ñalawma keeriiɗo e ballal debbo makko e sukaaɓe makko. O waawi kadi feewnude markeeji goɗɗi ko wayi no Alabukun Mentholine e jaaynde hitaandeere wiyeteende Alabukun Almanac nde renndini ko heewi e nder Abeokuta e saraaji mum hakkunde 1920 e 1950. Nde o feewnata nde, ko ɓuri heewde e geɗe mayre keɓaama to Liverpool to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="does not appear to be a reliable source (April 2017)">ndika<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>wawru<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>haajuuji<nowiki></span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Pooɗal Alabukun ina waɗi asid asetilsalisilik e kafeyin ko geɗe mum kuutorteeɗe. Poos Alabukun ina waɗi 760&nbsp;mg asid asetilsalisilik e 60&nbsp;mg kafe ina waɗa fotde 820&nbsp;mg ɓeydi heen bulking goɗɗo e ko reennata waɗde 1000&nbsp;mg powder ina waɗi tawa teddeendi poos ina tolnoo e 1400&nbsp;mg. Ina huutoree e geɗe goɗɗe keewɗe ko wayi no : ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, ɓuuɓri daande, haɗde ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, [[Neuralgias|ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam]], ɓuuɓri miokardi, [[Transluminal angioplasty|anjiyoplasti transluminal]] e ɓuuɓri iskemi . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="blog (April 2017)">ndika<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>wawru<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>haajuuji<nowiki></span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Farmakodinamik poɗɗe Alabukun ina kollita wonde ina gollira e haɗde peewnugol ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, ina haɗa adenosin e nder ɓanndu. Ɗee golle ina usta mette, ina addana kuutortooɗo oo foofde no moƴƴi e ustude ngaandi e ɓernde. Ina waawi tawa batte mum so huutoraaka no haanirta nii ina jeyaa heen : ɓuuɓri sabu mooftude ndiyam, asma, ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri e vertigo. Duuɓi 100, marque oo ina heddii e yeeyde e nder denndaangal nokkuuji [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], Republique [[Benen|Benin]], [[Kamerun|Cameroun]], [[Gana|Ganaa]] e won e nokkuuji [[Yuroopu|Orop]] .Marque Alabukun woni hannde e les njiimaandi koye ODULATE, gooto e ɓiɓɓe mawɓe mawɗo Jacob Odulate. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="blog (April 2017)">ndika<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>wawru<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>ina haani<nowiki></span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Caalaje == O resi ɗum ko Sekumade Abiodun Odulate. O waɗi haa ɓiɓɓe makko njanngi no moƴƴi. Gila e ngartam makko o neldi sukaaɓe makko janngude to Durham, Newcastle, [[Dowlaaji Dentuɗi|Amerik]] e [[London|Londres]] ngam heɓde seedantaagal jaŋde, safrooɓe, awokaaji e innjiniyankooɓe. Gooto nder ɓiɓɓe maako wuurɓe woni hooreejo Mrs Folake Solanke nee Odulate mo woni debbo arandeejo SAN nder [[Naajeeriya|lesdi Naajeeriya]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="blog (April 2017)">ndika<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>wawru<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>ina haani<nowiki></span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:All articles with unsourced statements]] o3u7phleis4guhf41coduy27cb3jv70 177192 177191 2026-06-29T10:12:35Z Sardeeq 14292 177192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jacob Sogboyega Odulate''' (1884–1962), '''lollirɗo Yaakuuba barkinɗo''' ko farmasiyanke [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yorubaajo]] Najeriya, binndoowo, jom ngalu e jiiloowo Alabukun, lekki patent .<ref>Solanke, 'Folake (2007). Reaching for the stars: The autobiography of 'Folake Solanke. <nowiki>ISBN 9789788088431</nowiki>.</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == Gila e galle Pa Odulate, jom rewɓe heewɓe, Jacob Odulate jibinaa ko to Ikorodu, diiwaan Lagos e hitaande 1884. Mawniiko gorko ko mawɗo Aina Odukanmade, Mosene gadano, mo baaba mum ummorii ko e calɗi Senlu e nder galle laamɗo Ranodu to Imota, wuro sara Ikorodu. [1] [] Nde o heɓi duuɓi 14 o ummi galle baaba makko to Ikorodu o fayi Abeokuta, Ogun State ɗo o yahri lebbi 3 ngam yahde to o yahrata. Nde o woni to Abeokuta, o hawri e farmasiyanke gooto ina wiyee Doktoor Sapara mo o heɓi ganndal kuuɓtodinngal e geɗe safaara. [2] [ ndika wawru ] Nde o woni suka, Jacob sosi sosiyetee mum peewnugol ina wiyee Alabukun ɗo o feewnata kala sifaa leɗɗe patent. == Alabukun ñawu nguu == Ko e hitaande 1918 (hitaande koloñaal [[Biritaani-Mawndi|Angalteer]] tiiɗnde ), e kikiiɗe gooto to « gardiiɗo » makko tokooso, kono tedduɗo, to Sapon to Abeokuta ɗo o mahi gardiiɗo sosiyatee makko ko jillondiral nokku golle, biro, suudu diisnondiral e gollordu laboratuwaar. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> O dañii sosde marke Alabukun e oon ñalawma keeriiɗo e ballal debbo makko e sukaaɓe makko. O waawi kadi feewnude markeeji goɗɗi ko wayi no Alabukun Mentholine e jaaynde hitaandeere wiyeteende Alabukun Almanac nde renndini ko heewi e nder Abeokuta e saraaji mum hakkunde 1920 e 1950. Nde o feewnata nde, ko ɓuri heewde e geɗe mayre keɓaama to Liverpool to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="does not appear to be a reliable source (April 2017)">ndika<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>wawru<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>haajuuji<nowiki></span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Pooɗal Alabukun ina waɗi asid asetilsalisilik e kafeyin ko geɗe mum kuutorteeɗe. Poos Alabukun ina waɗi 760&nbsp;mg asid asetilsalisilik e 60&nbsp;mg kafe ina waɗa fotde 820&nbsp;mg ɓeydi heen bulking goɗɗo e ko reennata waɗde 1000&nbsp;mg powder ina waɗi tawa teddeendi poos ina tolnoo e 1400&nbsp;mg. Ina huutoree e geɗe goɗɗe keewɗe ko wayi no : ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, ɓuuɓri daande, haɗde ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, [[Neuralgias|ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam]], ɓuuɓri miokardi, [[Transluminal angioplasty|anjiyoplasti transluminal]] e ɓuuɓri iskemi . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="blog (April 2017)">ndika<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>wawru<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>haajuuji<nowiki></span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Farmakodinamik poɗɗe Alabukun ina kollita wonde ina gollira e haɗde peewnugol ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, ina haɗa adenosin e nder ɓanndu. Ɗee golle ina usta mette, ina addana kuutortooɗo oo foofde no moƴƴi e ustude ngaandi e ɓernde. Ina waawi tawa batte mum so huutoraaka no haanirta nii ina jeyaa heen : ɓuuɓri sabu mooftude ndiyam, asma, ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri e vertigo. Duuɓi 100, marque oo ina heddii e yeeyde e nder denndaangal nokkuuji [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], Republique [[Benen|Benin]], [[Kamerun|Cameroun]], [[Gana|Ganaa]] e won e nokkuuji [[Yuroopu|Orop]] .Marque Alabukun woni hannde e les njiimaandi koye ODULATE, gooto e ɓiɓɓe mawɓe mawɗo Jacob Odulate. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="blog (April 2017)">ndika<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>wawru<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>ina haani<nowiki></span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Caalaje == O resi ɗum ko Sekumade Abiodun Odulate. O waɗi haa ɓiɓɓe makko njanngi no moƴƴi. Gila e ngartam makko o neldi sukaaɓe makko janngude to Durham, Newcastle, [[Dowlaaji Dentuɗi|Amerik]] e [[London|Londres]] ngam heɓde seedantaagal jaŋde, safrooɓe, awokaaji e innjiniyankooɓe. Gooto nder ɓiɓɓe maako wuurɓe woni hooreejo Mrs Folake Solanke nee Odulate mo woni debbo arandeejo SAN nder [[Naajeeriya|lesdi Naajeeriya]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="blog (April 2017)">ndika<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>wawru<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>ina haani<nowiki></span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:All articles with unsourced statements]] jxzh3lgatlaok2bizxxoajp6ptgajmu 0 42760 177193 2026-06-29T11:20:19Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Bafoi''' (kañum ne Bafoi Kanai, Bafai Gora)[2] ko wuro e nder diiwaan Kanai e nder diiwaan laamu Zangon Kataf to bannge worgo diiwaan Kaduna to diiwaan hakkundeejo leydi Najeriya. Kod posto nokku oo ko 802145. Taƴre nokku kaaƴe to Bafoi. == Koɗkiiji == [6] Ko adii 2017, ko diiwaan keeriiɗo wonnoo. Kono caggal ɗuum nde hawri e diiwaan Kanai..<ref name="PC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Gora&state=Kaduna|title=Nigeria Postcode|ac..." 177193 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bafoi''' (kañum ne Bafoi Kanai, Bafai Gora)[2] ko wuro e nder diiwaan Kanai e nder diiwaan laamu Zangon Kataf to bannge worgo diiwaan Kaduna to diiwaan hakkundeejo leydi Najeriya. Kod posto nokku oo ko 802145. Taƴre nokku kaaƴe to Bafoi. == Koɗkiiji == [6] Ko adii 2017, ko diiwaan keeriiɗo wonnoo. Kono caggal ɗuum nde hawri e diiwaan Kanai..<ref name="PC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Gora&state=Kaduna|title=Nigeria Postcode|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/kaduna-zangon-kataf-bafoi-gora-bafoi.html|title=Bafoi, Zangon Kataf|website=Nigeria Postcode|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mapanet.eu/EN/Postal_Codes/?c=NG&n=4&r0=00&r1=19&r2=21&r3=05&r4=00&l=0|title=Bafoi Gora|website=Mapanet|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref> Ina jeyaa e koɗkiiji gonɗi e ndeeɗoo diiwaan : * Ayak * Aza magoni * Azambat * Bafoi (kadi Sanaay) * Chen Didan * Ma-Awwuong * Makura * Sagwaza * Jaangirde Bafoi ina waɗi duɗe ɗiɗi leslese jaŋde leslesre winndereere (UBE), duɗal leslesal laamu nokku (LGEA), e duɗal hakkundeewal laamu (GSS). Ɗee duɗe ina ndokka jaŋde leslesre e hakkundeere wonande almudɓe e nder nokkuuji ɓalli e saraaji mum.<ref name="Achi">{{cite book|title=A Short History of the Atyap|author1=Achi, B.|author2=Bitiyonɡ, Y. A.|author3=Bunɡwon, A. D.|author4=Baba, M. Y.|author5=Jim, L. K. N.|author6=Kazah-Toure, M.|author7=Philips, J. E.|publisher=Tamaza Publishinɡ Co. Ltd., Zaria|year=2019|ISBN=978-978-54678-5-7|pages=9–245}}</ref><ref name="Achi2">{{cite book|title=A Short History of the Atyap|author1=Achi, B.|author2=Bitiyonɡ, Y. A.|author3=Bunɡwon, A. D.|author4=Baba, M. Y.|author5=Jim, L. K. N.|author6=Kazah-Toure, M.|author7=Philips, J. E.|publisher=Tamaza Publishinɡ Co. Ltd., Zaria|year=2019|ISBN=978-978-54678-5-7|pages=9–245}}</ref> == Yimɓe teskinaaɓe == Seneraal Esaaya Balat Breg. Seneraal Simon Katunku.<ref name="PC2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Gora&state=Kaduna|title=Nigeria Postcode|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/kaduna-zangon-kataf-bafoi-gora-bafoi.html|title=Bafoi, Zangon Kataf|website=Nigeria Postcode|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mapanet.eu/EN/Postal_Codes/?c=NG&n=4&r0=00&r1=19&r2=21&r3=05&r4=00&l=0|title=Bafoi Gora|website=Mapanet|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == Laamu Atyap Doggol gure nder diiwaan Kaduna == Tuugnorgal == s2hirkf0hqkigpih9fo4948jlqle3km 177194 177193 2026-06-29T11:21:47Z Isa Oumar 9821 177194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Bafoi''' (kañum ne Bafoi Kanai, Bafai Gora)[2] ko wuro e nder diiwaan Kanai e nder diiwaan laamu Zangon Kataf to bannge worgo diiwaan Kaduna to diiwaan hakkundeejo leydi Najeriya. Kod posto nokku oo ko 802145. Taƴre nokku kaaƴe to Bafoi. == Koɗkiiji == [6] Ko adii 2017, ko diiwaan keeriiɗo wonnoo. Kono caggal ɗuum nde hawri e diiwaan Kanai..<ref name="PC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Gora&state=Kaduna|title=Nigeria Postcode|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/kaduna-zangon-kataf-bafoi-gora-bafoi.html|title=Bafoi, Zangon Kataf|website=Nigeria Postcode|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mapanet.eu/EN/Postal_Codes/?c=NG&n=4&r0=00&r1=19&r2=21&r3=05&r4=00&l=0|title=Bafoi Gora|website=Mapanet|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref> Ina jeyaa e koɗkiiji gonɗi e ndeeɗoo diiwaan : * Ayak * Aza magoni * Azambat * Bafoi (kadi Sanaay) * Chen Didan * Ma-Awwuong * Makura * Sagwaza * Jaangirde Bafoi ina waɗi duɗe ɗiɗi leslese jaŋde leslesre winndereere (UBE), duɗal leslesal laamu nokku (LGEA), e duɗal hakkundeewal laamu (GSS). Ɗee duɗe ina ndokka jaŋde leslesre e hakkundeere wonande almudɓe e nder nokkuuji ɓalli e saraaji mum.<ref name="Achi">{{cite book|title=A Short History of the Atyap|author1=Achi, B.|author2=Bitiyonɡ, Y. A.|author3=Bunɡwon, A. D.|author4=Baba, M. Y.|author5=Jim, L. K. N.|author6=Kazah-Toure, M.|author7=Philips, J. E.|publisher=Tamaza Publishinɡ Co. Ltd., Zaria|year=2019|ISBN=978-978-54678-5-7|pages=9–245}}</ref><ref name="Achi2">{{cite book|title=A Short History of the Atyap|author1=Achi, B.|author2=Bitiyonɡ, Y. A.|author3=Bunɡwon, A. D.|author4=Baba, M. Y.|author5=Jim, L. K. N.|author6=Kazah-Toure, M.|author7=Philips, J. E.|publisher=Tamaza Publishinɡ Co. Ltd., Zaria|year=2019|ISBN=978-978-54678-5-7|pages=9–245}}</ref> == Yimɓe teskinaaɓe == Seneraal Esaaya Balat Breg. Seneraal Simon Katunku.<ref name="PC2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Gora&state=Kaduna|title=Nigeria Postcode|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/kaduna-zangon-kataf-bafoi-gora-bafoi.html|title=Bafoi, Zangon Kataf|website=Nigeria Postcode|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mapanet.eu/EN/Postal_Codes/?c=NG&n=4&r0=00&r1=19&r2=21&r3=05&r4=00&l=0|title=Bafoi Gora|website=Mapanet|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == Laamu Atyap Doggol gure nder diiwaan Kaduna == Tuugnorgal == b7i1haj336dtkdgztjo9sym0ls2od8i 0 42761 177195 2026-06-29T11:27:12Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "Jei (Hausa: Unguwar Gaiya) woni diiwal laamu lesdi Zangon Kataf, haa woyla lesdi Kaduna haa lesdi Naajeeriya.[1] Kod posto nokku oo ko 802130. == Koɗkiiji == Ko ɗoo woni yoga e koɗkiiji mawɗi e nder diiwaan Jei ina jeyaa heen: * Apyia Gbaza (H. Kangwaza) * Apyinzwaŋ * Akputuut * Ashong Ashyui (H. Jankasa) * Atak njei (h. gidan gata) * Atyecarak (Attachirak; H. Kacecere) * Awak * Chenkwon (H. Samaru Kataf) * Langson * Madoo * Magata (kañum ne ko Afan Tsaai) * Maga..." 177195 wikitext text/x-wiki Jei (Hausa: Unguwar Gaiya) woni diiwal laamu lesdi Zangon Kataf, haa woyla lesdi Kaduna haa lesdi Naajeeriya.[1] Kod posto nokku oo ko 802130. == Koɗkiiji == Ko ɗoo woni yoga e koɗkiiji mawɗi e nder diiwaan Jei ina jeyaa heen: * Apyia Gbaza (H. Kangwaza) * Apyinzwaŋ * Akputuut * Ashong Ashyui (H. Jankasa) * Atak njei (h. gidan gata) * Atyecarak (Attachirak; H. Kacecere) * Awak * Chenkwon (H. Samaru Kataf) * Langson * Madoo * Magata (kañum ne ko Afan Tsaai) * Magaya (H. Ung. Gaiya) * Majuju (H. Ung. Juju) * Makarau * Makwakhwu (H. Kurmin Dawaki) * Manchong * Manyi Aminyam * Ashyui heewɓe * Manta Ason * Matagama * Mavwuong * Mayayit (H. Ung. Jaaba) * Sop akoo (H. Mabushi) I, II == Demokaraasi == Distrik oo ɓuri heewde ko yimɓe Atyap, e aadaaji mum en ko leydi leñol Jei e nder leñol Agbaat. == Sigga == Tuugnorgal faggudu nokku oo ko ndema. Kono ina woodi gollorɗe goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa ndema ina ngolloo haa teeŋti noon e nder gure mawɗe ko wayi no Chenkwon (Samaru Kataf). == Bindol == Aki, B.; Bitiyon, Y. A.; Bunɡwon, A. D.; Baaba, M. Y.; Jim, L. K. N.; Kazaa-Tuure, M.; Philips, J. E. « Daartol juutngol e Atyap » (2019). Zaria: Tamaza Publishing Co. Pp. 9-245. == Ƴeew kadi == * Atak Nfang * Laamu Atyap * Kanaay * Doggol gure nder diiwaan Kaduna * Zango wuro * Sonson == Tuugnorgal == 3engdaofqedvf06ztrpkdv4p4px0e27 177196 177195 2026-06-29T11:27:32Z Isa Oumar 9821 177196 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jei''' (Hausa: Unguwar Gaiya) woni diiwal laamu lesdi Zangon Kataf, haa woyla lesdi Kaduna haa lesdi Naajeeriya.[1] Kod posto nokku oo ko 802130. == Koɗkiiji == Ko ɗoo woni yoga e koɗkiiji mawɗi e nder diiwaan Jei ina jeyaa heen: * Apyia Gbaza (H. Kangwaza) * Apyinzwaŋ * Akputuut * Ashong Ashyui (H. Jankasa) * Atak njei (h. gidan gata) * Atyecarak (Attachirak; H. Kacecere) * Awak * Chenkwon (H. Samaru Kataf) * Langson * Madoo * Magata (kañum ne ko Afan Tsaai) * Magaya (H. Ung. Gaiya) * Majuju (H. Ung. Juju) * Makarau * Makwakhwu (H. Kurmin Dawaki) * Manchong * Manyi Aminyam * Ashyui heewɓe * Manta Ason * Matagama * Mavwuong * Mayayit (H. Ung. Jaaba) * Sop akoo (H. Mabushi) I, II == Demokaraasi == Distrik oo ɓuri heewde ko yimɓe Atyap, e aadaaji mum en ko leydi leñol Jei e nder leñol Agbaat. == Sigga == Tuugnorgal faggudu nokku oo ko ndema. Kono ina woodi gollorɗe goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa ndema ina ngolloo haa teeŋti noon e nder gure mawɗe ko wayi no Chenkwon (Samaru Kataf). == Bindol == Aki, B.; Bitiyon, Y. A.; Bunɡwon, A. D.; Baaba, M. Y.; Jim, L. K. N.; Kazaa-Tuure, M.; Philips, J. E. « Daartol juutngol e Atyap » (2019). Zaria: Tamaza Publishing Co. Pp. 9-245. == Ƴeew kadi == * Atak Nfang * Laamu Atyap * Kanaay * Doggol gure nder diiwaan Kaduna * Zango wuro * Sonson == Tuugnorgal == scgfybr7f75mxgvs25bkw9gaiau8t24 177197 177196 2026-06-29T11:28:30Z Isa Oumar 9821 177197 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jei''' (Hausa: Unguwar Gaiya) woni diiwal laamu lesdi Zangon Kataf, haa woyla lesdi Kaduna haa lesdi Naajeeriya.<ref name="Min">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-11003149.html|title=Ungwan Gaya, Unguwar Gaya, Zangon Kataf, Kaduna State, Nigeria|website=mindat.org|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref> Kod posto nokku oo ko 802130.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Unguwar+Gaiya&state=Kaduna|title=Nigeria Postcode|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA|publisher=NIPOST|url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|accessdate=2020-09-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|archivedate=2009-10-07}}</ref><ref name="WPC">{{Cite web|url=https://worldpostalcode.com/nigeria/kaduna/zangon-kataf/unguwar-gaiya|title=Unguwar Gaiya World Postal Codes: Nigeria|website=World Postal Code|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mapanet.eu/EN/Postal_Codes/?c=NG&n=4&r0=00&r1=19&r2=21&r3=28&r4=00&l=0|title=Unguwar Gaiya (Jei), Zangon Kataf, Kaduna, Nigeria|website=Mapanet|access-date=September 28, 2020}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref> == Koɗkiiji == <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-9412204.html|title=Unguwar Gaya, Zangon Kataf, Kaduna State, Nigeria|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>Achi et al (2019) p. 11</ref>Ko ɗoo woni yoga e koɗkiiji mawɗi e nder diiwaan Jei ina jeyaa heen: * Apyia Gbaza (H. Kangwaza) * Apyinzwaŋ * Akputuut * Ashong Ashyui (H. Jankasa) * Atak njei (h. gidan gata) * Atyecarak (Attachirak; H. Kacecere)<ref name="Min2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-11003149.html|title=Ungwan Gaya, Unguwar Gaya, Zangon Kataf, Kaduna State, Nigeria|website=mindat.org|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref> * Awak * Chenkwon (H. Samaru Kataf) * Langson * Madoo * Magata (kañum ne ko Afan Tsaai) * Magaya (H. Ung. Gaiya) * Majuju (H. Ung. Juju) * Makarau * Makwakhwu (H. Kurmin Dawaki) * Manchong * Manyi Aminyam * Ashyui heewɓe * Manta Ason * Matagama * Mavwuong * Mayayit (H. Ung. Jaaba) * Sop akoo (H. Mabushi) I, II<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Unguwar+Gaiya&state=Kaduna|title=Nigeria Postcode|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA|publisher=NIPOST|url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|accessdate=2020-09-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|archivedate=2009-10-07}}</ref><ref name="WPC2">{{Cite web|url=https://worldpostalcode.com/nigeria/kaduna/zangon-kataf/unguwar-gaiya|title=Unguwar Gaiya World Postal Codes: Nigeria|website=World Postal Code|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mapanet.eu/EN/Postal_Codes/?c=NG&n=4&r0=00&r1=19&r2=21&r3=28&r4=00&l=0|title=Unguwar Gaiya (Jei), Zangon Kataf, Kaduna, Nigeria|website=Mapanet|access-date=September 28, 2020}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref> == Demokaraasi == Distrik oo ɓuri heewde ko yimɓe Atyap, e aadaaji mum en ko leydi leñol Jei e nder leñol Agbaat. == Sigga == Tuugnorgal faggudu nokku oo ko ndema. Kono ina woodi gollorɗe goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa ndema ina ngolloo haa teeŋti noon e nder gure mawɗe ko wayi no Chenkwon (Samaru Kataf).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-9412204.html|title=Unguwar Gaya, Zangon Kataf, Kaduna State, Nigeria|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>Achi et al (2019) p. 11</ref> == Bindol == Aki, B.; Bitiyon, Y. A.; Bunɡwon, A. D.; Baaba, M. Y.; Jim, L. K. N.; Kazaa-Tuure, M.; Philips, J. E. « Daartol juutngol e Atyap » (2019). Zaria: Tamaza Publishing Co. Pp. 9-245. == Ƴeew kadi == * Atak Nfang * Laamu Atyap * Kanaay * Doggol gure nder diiwaan Kaduna * Zango wuro * Sonson == Tuugnorgal == 3n8qtd6lcliklqewtj9c87k6gnom2ma 177198 177197 2026-06-29T11:28:45Z Isa Oumar 9821 177198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Jei''' (Hausa: Unguwar Gaiya) woni diiwal laamu lesdi Zangon Kataf, haa woyla lesdi Kaduna haa lesdi Naajeeriya.<ref name="Min">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-11003149.html|title=Ungwan Gaya, Unguwar Gaya, Zangon Kataf, Kaduna State, Nigeria|website=mindat.org|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref> Kod posto nokku oo ko 802130.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Unguwar+Gaiya&state=Kaduna|title=Nigeria Postcode|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA|publisher=NIPOST|url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|accessdate=2020-09-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|archivedate=2009-10-07}}</ref><ref name="WPC">{{Cite web|url=https://worldpostalcode.com/nigeria/kaduna/zangon-kataf/unguwar-gaiya|title=Unguwar Gaiya World Postal Codes: Nigeria|website=World Postal Code|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mapanet.eu/EN/Postal_Codes/?c=NG&n=4&r0=00&r1=19&r2=21&r3=28&r4=00&l=0|title=Unguwar Gaiya (Jei), Zangon Kataf, Kaduna, Nigeria|website=Mapanet|access-date=September 28, 2020}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref> == Koɗkiiji == <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-9412204.html|title=Unguwar Gaya, Zangon Kataf, Kaduna State, Nigeria|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>Achi et al (2019) p. 11</ref>Ko ɗoo woni yoga e koɗkiiji mawɗi e nder diiwaan Jei ina jeyaa heen: * Apyia Gbaza (H. Kangwaza) * Apyinzwaŋ * Akputuut * Ashong Ashyui (H. Jankasa) * Atak njei (h. gidan gata) * Atyecarak (Attachirak; H. Kacecere)<ref name="Min2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-11003149.html|title=Ungwan Gaya, Unguwar Gaya, Zangon Kataf, Kaduna State, Nigeria|website=mindat.org|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref> * Awak * Chenkwon (H. Samaru Kataf) * Langson * Madoo * Magata (kañum ne ko Afan Tsaai) * Magaya (H. Ung. Gaiya) * Majuju (H. Ung. Juju) * Makarau * Makwakhwu (H. Kurmin Dawaki) * Manchong * Manyi Aminyam * Ashyui heewɓe * Manta Ason * Matagama * Mavwuong * Mayayit (H. Ung. Jaaba) * Sop akoo (H. Mabushi) I, II<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Unguwar+Gaiya&state=Kaduna|title=Nigeria Postcode|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA|publisher=NIPOST|url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|accessdate=2020-09-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|archivedate=2009-10-07}}</ref><ref name="WPC2">{{Cite web|url=https://worldpostalcode.com/nigeria/kaduna/zangon-kataf/unguwar-gaiya|title=Unguwar Gaiya World Postal Codes: Nigeria|website=World Postal Code|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mapanet.eu/EN/Postal_Codes/?c=NG&n=4&r0=00&r1=19&r2=21&r3=28&r4=00&l=0|title=Unguwar Gaiya (Jei), Zangon Kataf, Kaduna, Nigeria|website=Mapanet|access-date=September 28, 2020}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref> == Demokaraasi == Distrik oo ɓuri heewde ko yimɓe Atyap, e aadaaji mum en ko leydi leñol Jei e nder leñol Agbaat. == Sigga == Tuugnorgal faggudu nokku oo ko ndema. Kono ina woodi gollorɗe goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa ndema ina ngolloo haa teeŋti noon e nder gure mawɗe ko wayi no Chenkwon (Samaru Kataf).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-9412204.html|title=Unguwar Gaya, Zangon Kataf, Kaduna State, Nigeria|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>Achi et al (2019) p. 11</ref> == Bindol == Aki, B.; Bitiyon, Y. A.; Bunɡwon, A. D.; Baaba, M. Y.; Jim, L. K. N.; Kazaa-Tuure, M.; Philips, J. E. « Daartol juutngol e Atyap » (2019). Zaria: Tamaza Publishing Co. Pp. 9-245. == Ƴeew kadi == * Atak Nfang * Laamu Atyap * Kanaay * Doggol gure nder diiwaan Kaduna * Zango wuro * Sonson == Tuugnorgal == 83vubzn0rcz7lmvh2ixdfecz5836idp 0 42762 177199 2026-06-29T11:31:20Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Kafom''', anndiraama kadi Kofom, ko renndo e nder Kamantan, nokku laamu Zangon Kataf, to fombina leydi Kaduna e nder diiwaan Middle Belt to leydi Naajeeriya. Kafom woni ko sara Lena.[2][3][4] Woɗɗude Kafom haa laamorgo diiwaan Kaduna ko hedde 108 km. Woɗɗude Kafom e gure mawɗe nder won e nokkuuji Kaduna Fuɗnaange ko ina wona: == Nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi == == Demokaraasi == Wuro ngoo ɓuri heewde ko Bajju en. == Tuugnorgal ==" 177199 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kafom''', anndiraama kadi Kofom, ko renndo e nder Kamantan, nokku laamu Zangon Kataf, to fombina leydi Kaduna e nder diiwaan Middle Belt to leydi Naajeeriya. Kafom woni ko sara Lena.[2][3][4] Woɗɗude Kafom haa laamorgo diiwaan Kaduna ko hedde 108 km. Woɗɗude Kafom e gure mawɗe nder won e nokkuuji Kaduna Fuɗnaange ko ina wona: == Nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi == == Demokaraasi == Wuro ngoo ɓuri heewde ko Bajju en. == Tuugnorgal == 4xde3o52vrqsok831gpwlv3szrppdt2 177200 177199 2026-06-29T11:33:16Z Isa Oumar 9821 177200 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kafom''', anndiraama kadi Kofom, ko renndo e nder Kamantan, nokku laamu Zangon Kataf, to fombina leydi Kaduna e nder diiwaan Middle Belt to leydi Naajeeriya. Kafom woni ko sara Lena.[2][3][4] Woɗɗude Kafom haa laamorgo diiwaan Kaduna ko hedde 108 km. Woɗɗude Kafom e gure mawɗe nder won e nokkuuji Kaduna Fuɗnaange ko ina wona: == Nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi == {|class="wikitable" | |'''Place''' |'''Distance''' |- |1 |[[Kachia]] |20.8&nbsp;km |- |2 |[[Kafanchan]] |33.1&nbsp;km |- |3 |[[Kagoro]] |37.5&nbsp;km |- |4 |[[Kajuru]] |73.4&nbsp;km |- |5 |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |77.1&nbsp;km |- |6 |[[Saminaka]] |87.5&nbsp;km |- |7 |[[Kujama]] |88.1&nbsp;km |- |8 |[[Zonkwa]] |17.495 m |} == Demokaraasi == Wuro ngoo ɓuri heewde ko Bajju en. == Tuugnorgal == gskef9d0w0rob270j78xjkf8x47cq21 177201 177200 2026-06-29T11:33:36Z Isa Oumar 9821 177201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Kafom''', anndiraama kadi Kofom, ko renndo e nder Kamantan, nokku laamu Zangon Kataf, to fombina leydi Kaduna e nder diiwaan Middle Belt to leydi Naajeeriya. Kafom woni ko sara Lena.[2][3][4] Woɗɗude Kafom haa laamorgo diiwaan Kaduna ko hedde 108 km. Woɗɗude Kafom e gure mawɗe nder won e nokkuuji Kaduna Fuɗnaange ko ina wona: == Nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi == {|class="wikitable" | |'''Place''' |'''Distance''' |- |1 |[[Kachia]] |20.8&nbsp;km |- |2 |[[Kafanchan]] |33.1&nbsp;km |- |3 |[[Kagoro]] |37.5&nbsp;km |- |4 |[[Kajuru]] |73.4&nbsp;km |- |5 |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |77.1&nbsp;km |- |6 |[[Saminaka]] |87.5&nbsp;km |- |7 |[[Kujama]] |88.1&nbsp;km |- |8 |[[Zonkwa]] |17.495 m |} == Demokaraasi == Wuro ngoo ɓuri heewde ko Bajju en. == Tuugnorgal == f3wk3y5r2zq9iizl6w9lm0tig0g81rn 177202 177201 2026-06-29T11:34:35Z Isa Oumar 9821 177202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Kafom''', anndiraama kadi Kofom, ko renndo e nder Kamantan, nokku laamu Zangon Kataf, to fombina leydi Kaduna e nder diiwaan Middle Belt to leydi Naajeeriya. Kafom woni ko sara Lena.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zangon Kataf LGA Postal Code|url=https://www.zipcode.com.ng/2019/02/zangon-kataf-lga-postal-code.html|access-date=2025-08-29|website=ZIP Code|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Kafom&state=|title=Search Result kafom|website=Nigeria Postcode|access-date=August 29, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA|publisher=NIPOST|url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|accessdate=August 17, 2025|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|archivedate=2009-10-07}}</ref> Woɗɗude Kafom haa laamorgo diiwaan Kaduna ko hedde 108 km. Woɗɗude Kafom e gure mawɗe nder won e nokkuuji Kaduna Fuɗnaange ko ina wona:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kafom in Nigeria {{!}} Facts and Information about Kafom - Places-in-the-World.com|url=https://places-in-the-world.com/nigeria/kafom/11003423|access-date=2025-08-29|website=places-in-the-world.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kafom in Nigeria {{!}} Facts and Information about Kafom - Places-in-the-World.com|url=https://places-in-the-world.com/nigeria/kafom/11003423|access-date=2025-08-29|website=places-in-the-world.com}}</ref> == Nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi == {|class="wikitable" | |'''Place''' |'''Distance''' |- |1 |[[Kachia]] |20.8&nbsp;km |- |2 |[[Kafanchan]] |33.1&nbsp;km |- |3 |[[Kagoro]] |37.5&nbsp;km |- |4 |[[Kajuru]] |73.4&nbsp;km |- |5 |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |77.1&nbsp;km |- |6 |[[Saminaka]] |87.5&nbsp;km |- |7 |[[Kujama]] |88.1&nbsp;km |- |8 |[[Zonkwa]] |17.495 m |} == Demokaraasi == Wuro ngoo ɓuri heewde ko Bajju en.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zangon Kataf LGA Postal Code|url=https://www.zipcode.com.ng/2019/02/zangon-kataf-lga-postal-code.html|access-date=2025-08-29|website=ZIP Code|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Kafom&state=|title=Search Result kafom|website=Nigeria Postcode|access-date=August 29, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA|publisher=NIPOST|url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|accessdate=August 17, 2025|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|archivedate=2009-10-07}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == 46fcjrxiv7mrzst91xkbze58ffsa9fa 0 42763 177203 2026-06-29T11:43:02Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Kanai''' (Hausa: Gora)woni diiwal bana non boo wuro nder nokkuure laamu lesdi Zangon Kataf haa woyla lesdi Kaduna haa lesdi Naajeeriya.[3] Kod posto nokku oo ko 802139. == Geografi == {{Weather box |location = Kanai (802m altitude) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 31 |Feb record high C = 33 |Mar record high C = 34 |Apr record high C = 34 |May record high C = 31 |Jun record high C = 29 |Jul record high C = 26 |Aug record high C = 25 |Sep re..." 177203 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kanai''' (Hausa: Gora)woni diiwal bana non boo wuro nder nokkuure laamu lesdi Zangon Kataf haa woyla lesdi Kaduna haa lesdi Naajeeriya.[3] Kod posto nokku oo ko 802139. == Geografi == {{Weather box |location = Kanai (802m altitude) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 31 |Feb record high C = 33 |Mar record high C = 34 |Apr record high C = 34 |May record high C = 31 |Jun record high C = 29 |Jul record high C = 26 |Aug record high C = 25 |Sep record high C = 27 |Oct record high C = 29 |Nov record high C = 30 |Dec record high C = 29 |year record high C = 29.8 |Jan high C = 29 |Feb high C = 32 |Mar high C = 34 |Apr high C = 33 |May high C = 30 |Jun high C = 27 |Jul high C = 24 |Aug high C = 22 |Sep high C = 24 |Oct high C = 28 |Nov high C = 29 |Dec high C = 31 |year high C = 28.6 |Jan mean C = 24 |Feb mean C= 26 |Mar mean C = 29 |Apr mean C = 29 |May mean C = 26 |Jun mean C = 24 |Jul mean C = 21 |Aug mean C = 20 |Sep mean C = 22 |Oct mean C = 25 |Nov mean C = 25 |Dec mean C = 26 |year mean C = 24.8 |Jan low C = 15 |Feb low C = 17 |Mar low C = 21 |Apr low C = 22 |May low C = 20 |Jun low C = 19 |Jul low C = 18 |Aug low C = 17 |Sep low C = 18 |Oct low C = 20 |Nov low C = 19 |Dec low C = 19 |year low C = 18.8 |Jan record low C = 14 |Feb record low C = 16 |Mar record low C = 20 |Apr record low C = 21 |May record low C = 21 |Jun record low C = 20 |Jul record low C = 19 |Aug record low C = 18 |Sep record low C = 19 |Oct record low C = 19 |Nov record low C = 18 |Dec record low C = 15 |year record low C = 18.3 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 0 |Feb precipitation mm = 1 |Mar precipitation mm = 3.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 13.5 |May precipitation mm = 35.5 |Jun precipitation mm = 54.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 71.2 |Aug precipitation mm = 69 |Sep precipitation mm = 60.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 29.3 |Nov precipitation mm = 0.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 0 |year precipitation mm = 28.1 |Jan precipitation days = 0 |Feb precipitation days = 1 |Mar precipitation days = 4 |Apr precipitation days = 12 |May precipitation days = 23 |Jun precipitation days = 28 |Jul precipitation days = 31 |Aug precipitation days = 30 |Sep precipitation days = 29 |Oct precipitation days = 18 |Nov precipitation days = 0 |Dec precipitation days = 0 |year precipitation days = 14.7 |Jan humidity =24 |Feb humidity =18 |Mar humidity =28 |Apr humidity =48 |May humidity =66 |Jun humidity =80 |Jul humidity =88 |Aug humidity =90 |Sep humidity =86 |Oct humidity =61 |Nov humidity =32 |Dec humidity =23 |year humidity =53.7 |source 1 =World Weather Online<ref name=WWO> {{Cite web |url=https://www.worldweatheronline.com/gora-weather-averages/kaduna/ng.aspx |title=Gora Monthly Climate Averages, Kaduna, NG |publisher=World Weather Online |access-date=January 22, 2020}}</ref> }} == Wakati == Kanai Mali (H. Gora Gida) ina jogii nguleeki tolniiki e hitaande fotde 24,8 °C (76,6 °F), nguleeki tolniiki e hitaande ko hedde 28,6 °C (83,5 °F) e nguleeki tolniiki e 18,8 °C (65,8 °F), tawi toɓooli ina tolnii e joofnirde e fuɗɗoode hitaande hedde a 28,1 mm (1,11 in), e ɓuuɓri 53,7%, ko nanndi e ɓuuɓri gure koɗdiiɗe Kagoro e Zonkwa.[6] == Koɗkiiji == [7][8] Ko ɗoo woni yoga e koɗkiiji mawɗi e nder diiwaan Kanai ina jeyaa heen: * Adidyong * Atabat Atanyeang * Aatabuum * Atak Ma-Gangkwon * Apyifak * Apyimbu * Ayak * Aza magoni * Bafoi (kadi Sanaay) * Bato (Bato) * Gan * Kakwa * Kanai Mali (Atsung Abyek kadi) * Ma-Adangung * Ma-Awwuong * Magwafan (H. Bakin kogi) * Manyii-Chendidan (H. Rafin Wawa) * Maama-Baama * Sagwaza * Sako * Sankwap (kañum ne Runji) * Sasiyat * Sazwat * Sop ganndu * Demokaraasi * Distrik oo ɓuri heewde ko leñol Atyap en. * Ummatore * Winndannde mawnde: Yimɓe Atyap § Demokaraasi E limngal yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya hitaande 1963, limngal yimɓe diiwal ngal fuu waɗaama haa 8,660. E limngal laamu lesdi Kaduna ngam hitaande 1991, ammaa, ɗuuɗal yimɓe man waɗaama haa 17,290. == Sigga == Winndannde mawnde: Yimɓe Atyap § Faggudu Demal woni golle ɓurɗe teeŋtude e yimɓe ɓee, sibu nokku oo ɓuri wonde ko ladde. Ndiyam nder galleeji Wizto wazaango e hitaande 2012 e nder gure tati e nder diiwaan hee ko wayi no, Sankhwap (Runji), Kanai Mali (H. Gora Gida), e Sagwaza, tawa ina yahdi e galleeji 88, tawi ko ina wona feccere e galleeji zi tuugnii ko e ɓulli ɓutti ɗi juuɗe mum en ɓutti, e ɓulli ndiyam tawaaɗi ɗii, tawi ina heewi rawa tan ngam d3 kuutoragol.[3] == Yimɓe teskinaaɓe == Senator Isaaya Balat, ko politik, jom ngalu DJ Bally, DJ, peewnoowo jimɗi Agwam (Dr.) Harison Yuusuf Bungwon, Agwatyap II Agwam bala ade dauke, agwatyap I Professeur Kyuka Usmaan Lilimjok, awokaa, binndoowo == Ƴeew kadi == Atak Nfang Laamu Atyap Jey Doggol gure nder diiwaan Kaduna Sonson == Tuugnorgal == b4kjaf8a6nscgiug6bxj4ovznxzb8wq 177206 177203 2026-06-29T11:58:04Z Isa Oumar 9821 177206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Kanai''' (Hausa: Gora)<ref name="Ac">Achi et al (2019), p. 36.</ref><ref name="Ac2">Achi et al (2019), p. 36.</ref>woni diiwal bana non boo wuro nder nokkuure laamu lesdi Zangon Kataf haa woyla lesdi Kaduna haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Kod posto nokku oo ko 802139. == Geografi == {{Weather box |location = Kanai (802m altitude) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 31 |Feb record high C = 33 |Mar record high C = 34 |Apr record high C = 34 |May record high C = 31 |Jun record high C = 29 |Jul record high C = 26 |Aug record high C = 25 |Sep record high C = 27 |Oct record high C = 29 |Nov record high C = 30 |Dec record high C = 29 |year record high C = 29.8 |Jan high C = 29 |Feb high C = 32 |Mar high C = 34 |Apr high C = 33 |May high C = 30 |Jun high C = 27 |Jul high C = 24 |Aug high C = 22 |Sep high C = 24 |Oct high C = 28 |Nov high C = 29 |Dec high C = 31 |year high C = 28.6 |Jan mean C = 24 |Feb mean C= 26 |Mar mean C = 29 |Apr mean C = 29 |May mean C = 26 |Jun mean C = 24 |Jul mean C = 21 |Aug mean C = 20 |Sep mean C = 22 |Oct mean C = 25 |Nov mean C = 25 |Dec mean C = 26 |year mean C = 24.8 |Jan low C = 15 |Feb low C = 17 |Mar low C = 21 |Apr low C = 22 |May low C = 20 |Jun low C = 19 |Jul low C = 18 |Aug low C = 17 |Sep low C = 18 |Oct low C = 20 |Nov low C = 19 |Dec low C = 19 |year low C = 18.8 |Jan record low C = 14 |Feb record low C = 16 |Mar record low C = 20 |Apr record low C = 21 |May record low C = 21 |Jun record low C = 20 |Jul record low C = 19 |Aug record low C = 18 |Sep record low C = 19 |Oct record low C = 19 |Nov record low C = 18 |Dec record low C = 15 |year record low C = 18.3 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 0 |Feb precipitation mm = 1 |Mar precipitation mm = 3.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 13.5 |May precipitation mm = 35.5 |Jun precipitation mm = 54.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 71.2 |Aug precipitation mm = 69 |Sep precipitation mm = 60.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 29.3 |Nov precipitation mm = 0.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 0 |year precipitation mm = 28.1 |Jan precipitation days = 0 |Feb precipitation days = 1 |Mar precipitation days = 4 |Apr precipitation days = 12 |May precipitation days = 23 |Jun precipitation days = 28 |Jul precipitation days = 31 |Aug precipitation days = 30 |Sep precipitation days = 29 |Oct precipitation days = 18 |Nov precipitation days = 0 |Dec precipitation days = 0 |year precipitation days = 14.7 |Jan humidity =24 |Feb humidity =18 |Mar humidity =28 |Apr humidity =48 |May humidity =66 |Jun humidity =80 |Jul humidity =88 |Aug humidity =90 |Sep humidity =86 |Oct humidity =61 |Nov humidity =32 |Dec humidity =23 |year humidity =53.7 |source 1 =World Weather Online<ref name=WWO> {{Cite web |url=https://www.worldweatheronline.com/gora-weather-averages/kaduna/ng.aspx |title=Gora Monthly Climate Averages, Kaduna, NG |publisher=World Weather Online |access-date=January 22, 2020}}</ref> }} == Wakati == Kanai Mali (H. Gora Gida) ina jogii nguleeki tolniiki e hitaande fotde 24,8 °C (76,6 °F), nguleeki tolniiki e hitaande ko hedde 28,6 °C (83,5 °F) e nguleeki tolniiki e 18,8 °C (65,8 °F), tawi toɓooli ina tolnii e joofnirde e fuɗɗoode hitaande hedde a 28,1 mm (1,11 in), e ɓuuɓri 53,7%, ko nanndi e ɓuuɓri gure koɗdiiɗe Kagoro e Zonkwa.[6] == Koɗkiiji == [7][8] Ko ɗoo woni yoga e koɗkiiji mawɗi e nder diiwaan Kanai ina jeyaa heen:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elevationmap.net/gora-gida-gora-zangon-kataf-ng-1001389333|title=Gora Gida, Gora, Zangon Kataf, Nigeria|website=Elevation Map|access-date=January 22, 2021}}</ref> * Adidyong * Atabat Atanyeang * Aatabuum * Atak Ma-Gangkwon * Apyifak * Apyimbu * Ayak<ref name="PC2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Gora&state=Kaduna|title=Nigeria Postcode|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref> * Aza magoni * Bafoi (kadi Sanaay) * Bato (Bato) * Gan * Kakwa * Kanai Mali (Atsung Abyek kadi) * Ma-Adangung * Ma-Awwuong * Magwafan (H. Bakin kogi) * Manyii-Chendidan (H. Rafin Wawa) * Maama-Baama * Sagwaza * Sako * Sankwap (kañum ne Runji) * Sasiyat * Sazwat * Sop ganndu * Demokaraasi * Distrik oo ɓuri heewde ko leñol Atyap en. * Ummatore * Winndannde mawnde: Yimɓe Atyap § Demokaraasi E limngal yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya hitaande 1963, limngal yimɓe diiwal ngal fuu waɗaama haa 8,660. E limngal laamu lesdi Kaduna ngam hitaande 1991, ammaa, ɗuuɗal yimɓe man waɗaama haa 17,290.<ref name="PC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Gora&state=Kaduna|title=Nigeria Postcode|access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref> == Sigga == Winndannde mawnde: Yimɓe Atyap § Faggudu Demal woni golle ɓurɗe teeŋtude e yimɓe ɓee, sibu nokku oo ɓuri wonde ko ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elevationmap.net/gora-gida-gora-zangon-kataf-ng-1001389333|title=Gora Gida, Gora, Zangon Kataf, Nigeria|website=Elevation Map|access-date=January 22, 2021}}</ref> Ndiyam nder galleeji Wizto wazaango e hitaande 2012 e nder gure tati e nder diiwaan hee ko wayi no, Sankhwap (Runji), Kanai Mali (H. Gora Gida), e Sagwaza, tawa ina yahdi e galleeji 88, tawi ko ina wona feccere e galleeji zi tuugnii ko e ɓulli ɓutti ɗi juuɗe mum en ɓutti, e ɓulli ndiyam tawaaɗi ɗii, tawi ina heewi rawa tan ngam d3 kuutoragol.[3] == Yimɓe teskinaaɓe == Senator Isaaya Balat, ko politik, jom ngalu DJ Bally, DJ, peewnoowo jimɗi Agwam (Dr.) Harison Yuusuf Bungwon, Agwatyap II Agwam bala ade dauke, agwatyap I Professeur Kyuka Usmaan Lilimjok, awokaa, binndoowo == Ƴeew kadi == Atak Nfang Laamu Atyap Jey Doggol gure nder diiwaan Kaduna Sonson == Tuugnorgal == 6qo5bbe6mfwjd1e9jto5t0qygyno1ie 0 42764 177205 2026-06-29T11:52:10Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359272287|Fonio]]" 177205 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SEN_Village_Chief_Theodore.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Fonio daneejo to Diiwaan Tambacounda to bannge funnaange leydi Sénégal]] [[File:Winnowing_fonio.jpg|thumb|Winndere fonio to Kédougou, Sénégal]] [[File:Acha_(Fonio).jpg|thumb|Acha (foniyo)]] Fonio, kadi sahaa e sahaa fof ina wiyee findi walla acha, ko helmere wonande huɗo ɗiɗi ndema e nder mbaydi Digitaria ko ndemaaji teeŋtuɗi e nder nokkuuji Afrik hirnaange.[1] Ko ɗum ñaamdu teeŋtundu e nder gure teeru keewɗe, haa teeŋti noon e nder koɗli Fouta Djalon, Gine, kono kadi ina remee e nder Mali, Burkinaa, Kodduwaar, Niiseer, e Senegaal. [1][2][3] Lugge fonio winndere ndee ina qiimee e 721 400 ton e hitaande 2020.[4] Gine hitaande kala ina sooda fonio ɓurɗo heewde e winndere nde, ko ina tolnoo e 75% e peewnugol winndere ndee e hitaande 2019.[5] Innde fonio (ƴettunde e ɗemngal Engele e Farayse) ummorii ko e Wolof foño.[6] E nder Afrik hirnaange, leƴƴi foniyo ɓaleejo (Digitaria iburua) e fonio daneejo (Digitaria exilis) ina ndema ; ko sakkitii koo woni ndema ɓurka teeŋtude e faggudu. Fonio, kadi sahaa e sahaa fof ina wiyee findi walla acha, ko helmere wonande huɓeere ndema e nder Digitaria ko ndemaaji teeŋtuɗi e nder Afrik hirnaange.[1] Koɗo ñaamdu teeŋtundu gure teeru, haa ɗum noon e nder koli Fouta Djalon, Gine, kono kadi ina remee e nder Mali, Burkinaa, Kodduwaar, Niiseer, e Senegaal. [1][2][3] Lugge fonio winndere ndee ina qiimee e 721 400 ton e ndee 2020.[4] Gine tan kala ina sooda fonio caggal e winndere nde, ko ina heddii e 75% e winndere nde e ndee 2019.[5] Innde fonio (ƴettunde e demngal Engele e Farayse)fun ko e Wolof foño.[6] E nder Afrik hirnaange, leƴƴi foniyo ɓaleejo (Digitaria iburua) e fonio daneejo (Digitaria exilis) ina ndema ; ko sakkitii koo woni ndema wàkaa e woni. == Fannuuji == === Fonio daneejo === Fonio daneejo, Digitaria exilis, mo Oropnaaɓe mbiyata kadi "maaro weelo", ko kañum ɓuri heewde e denndaangal leƴƴi Digitaria laddeeji e galleeji, ɗi njiylotoo e nder savannaaji Afrik hirnaange. Fonio ina jogii aawdi ɓurndi famɗude e kala sifaa millet. Ina jogii mbaawka moƴƴinde nguura, ɓeydude kisal nguura, ƴellitde ƴellitaare teeru, e wallitde huutoraade leydi ndii e dow duumotooɗo. Fonio ina heewi ñamri, alaa gluten, ina heewi fibre,[1][2][3] ina jeyaa e cereeli ɓurɗi yaawde mawnude e winndere ndee, ina yettoo mawnugol e nder yontereeji jeegom haa jeetati tan. Gabbe ɗee ina kuutoree ngam waɗde mburu, kuskus, mburu, e biir. === Fonio ɓaleejo === ''Fonio ɓaleejo, D. iburua, anndiraango kadi iburu, ko ndema nannduka e ndema ndema e nder leyɗeele keewɗe e nder Afrik hirnaange, haa teeŋti e Nijeer, Togo, e Benin.[1] Hono no fonio daneejo nii, ina heewi ñamri, ina yaawi mawnude, ina jogii nafoore mawnude ko adii nde geɗe goɗɗe ɗee njiylotoo, ina addana ɗum dañde e nder "waktu heege."[2] Kono tan, ina waɗi protein ɓurɗo heewde so yerondiraama e D. exilis.'' Fonio ɓaleejo ɓuri waawde remeede ko e renndooji teeru, tee ina famɗi ɗo yeeyetee e njulaagu, hay e nder gure Afrik hirnaange. == Remugol e peewnugol == [[File:Climate_zone.jpg|thumb|Zone climatique Nokku ndema Fonio]] === Kilimaa e sifaaji === Fonio ina remee e nder Afrik hirnaange fof, ko ɗum huunde teskinnde. [[Gine]] woni leydi ɓurndi mawnude e peewnugol fonio e peewnugol 483,906 tonnes (533,415 short tons) e wertallo ndema 590,129 hectares (1,458,240 acres) e hitaande 2021, rewi heen ko Nijeer ( 86,609 tonnes (95,470 short tons) . Mali ( 47,664 tonnes (52,541 short tons) ). Fonio ina mawna e nokkuuji joorɗi tawa ndiyam alaa, tee ina gasa tawa ko ndema ɓuuɓka e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi. Ina aawee e leydi ɓuuɓndi (sanngaa haa kaaƴe), maa mawnu e leydi mbonndi. Fonio ina remee e dow geec to Gammbi, Siyeraa Leyoon e Gine Bisaawo, kono so wonaa ɗuum ɓuri remeede ko e tooweeki hakkunde 400 and 1,500 metres (1,300 and 4,900 ft) . <ref name=":7" /> Duuɓi mawnugol ɗii ina njahra e balɗe 70–130, fawaade e keewal. <ref name=":7" /> Ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nokkuuji ɗo toɓooli mum tolnii e 900–1,000 millimetres (35–39 ton) . Leɗɗe Fonio ina njogii tolno hakkundeejo.[1] Ndeke, D. exilis ina waawi yettaade 80 santimeeteer (31 in), D. iburua ina waawi yettaade 150 santimeeteer (59 in).[2] Tolno ploidi wonande mbaydiiji ɗii ina ummoo e diploid (2n), tetraploid (4n), haa e heksaploid (6n).[3] Hono no leɗɗe keewɗe goɗɗe nii, fonio ina jogii fiɓnde karbon C4, ko ɗum addanta ɗum muñde yooro.[4] === Remde e aawde === Remde ndee ko worɓe mbaɗata ɗum e juuɗe, e jolngo daabaaji walla e tarakteeruuji. Aawgol ngol ina heewi waɗeede e juuɗe rewɓe, fawaade e fuɗɗoode ndunngu toɓo. Lekki fonio ina yaawi mawnude; won e landraces ina njottoyoo e nder yontereeji 8. <ref name=":7" /> Kono ko kañum woni ƴaañoowo weendu leelɗo e fuɗɗoode mawnugol mum, ko ɗum waɗi weendu ina jogii nafoore e daawe ƴellitaare gadane. === Cooɗol === [[File:Traditional_fonio_harvest_with_a_sickle,_Natitingou,_northern_Benin.jpg|thumb|Kosam fonio gaadanteejam e sikki, Natitingou, worgo leydi Benin]] Fonio ko golle tiiɗɗe ngam dañde e golloraade. Won e diiwanuuji, leɗɗe fonio mawɗe ina njuutee, kono feere ɓurnde heewde ko taƴde ƴiye e laɓi e ƴiye ko heewi addude gaañanɗe e juuɗe. Rewɓe ɓee noon ina moofta ƴiye ɗee e nder laylayti silindiri walla e laylayti gonɗi e dow mum ngam mooftude ƴiye ɗee, ɗacca ɗe yoora hade mum en ɓuuɓde tawa ɗe ɓuuɓnaaki. Ndeen ɓuuɓgol ngol waɗata ko e ɓuuɓnude leɗɗe ɗee walla e fiyde leɗɗe ɗee e ƴiye tiiɗɗe walla e ƴiye ɓurɗe ɓuuɓde <ref name=":10" /> Leɗɗe fonio ina keewi hoɗde e leydi, ɗum noon ina saɗtina mekaniseeji baawɗi wonde e golle ndema. === Deƴƴude === Caggal nde 6uu6ol ngol 6uu6i, gese fonio ina ngondi e 6uu6ol mum haa jooni, 6uu6ol tokosol ngol ina addana 6uu6ol ngol saɗtude e ƴakkude waktu. Laabi gaadanteeji ina mbaɗi : ɓuuɓnude ɗum e nder ɓuuɓri e njaareendi, caggal ɗuum seerndude ɗum e ceene, walla "poppude" ɗum e dow lewru, caggal ɗuum ɓuuɓnude ɗum, ɗum addana ɗum ƴiiƴam ɓuuɓɗam (karallaagal kuutorteengal e nder Akposso <ref name=":6" /> ). Sosde masiŋ fonio husking koolaaɗo ina rokka laawol mekanik ɓurngol hoybude ngam dehusk. Darnde jinnaaɓe ina jogii geɗal mawngal e ndema fonio ; golle ina ceerti hakkunde worɓe e rewɓe. Rewɓe ina mbaɗa weendu, ɓuuɓnude e taƴde, laɓɓinde kam e yoorde e ɓuuɓnude, worɓe mbaɗata ko ɓuuɓnude e ɓuuɓnude e fiyde. Darnde rewɓe ɓuri heewde e peewnugol fonio. Feccere e golle ndema ɗee ko rewɓe tan mbaɗata ɗum, tawi ko worɓe mbaɗata ɗum ko 14%. <ref name=":5" /> Golle ɗe rewɓe ndokkaa ina ɗaɓɓi muñal e laaɓal, ɗe worɓe ndokkaa ina ɗaɓɓi semmbe. <ref name=":5" /> <ref name=":11" /> === Batte laabi peewnugol e nafoore ñamri === [[File:Fonio_couscous_served_at_the_Restaurant_du_Fonio_in_Natitingou,_Benin_-_55015102555.jpg|thumb|Kuskus Fonio ina waɗi e nokku restoraan du Fonio to Natitingou, leydi Benin]] Ko adii nde ñaametee, ko maa gawri fonio huutoree e laabi mekanik (dehusking, milling) walla termo (precooking, parboiling, roasting). E fawaade e no golle ɗee njahri, nafoore ñamri ndii ina waawi battinde. Wonande makronutrients, njuuteendi karbohidrat ina heddii ina heewi so tawii gawri ndii ina ɓuuɓna, wonaa ina ɓuuɓna. Poroteyin ina famɗi no feewi caggal nde ƴiiƴam ɗam ɓuuɓnaa sabu ƴiiƴam ɗam ƴettaa ina waɗi poroteyiin keewɗo. Ko ɓuri heewde e poroteyiin ina heɓee so parboiling. Lipid ina ɓeydoo so ina ɓuuɓna, ina ustoo so ina ɓuuɓna walla ina ɓuuɓna. Wonande mikroo-nutrients, njamndi e sink ina keddii e ɓurde toowde so parboiled tawi millo ina addana ɗum ŋakkeende sabu ittugol ƴiiƴam. Fitaat, ko huunde haɗnde ñamri, haɗata ɓuuɓri miniraaji ko wayi no njamndi e sink, ina ustoo e lootde e defde kono ina toowi haa jooni ngam haɗde ɓuuɓri miniraaji no haanirta nii. Haa teeŋti noon, fonio parboiled ina hollita mbaydi ñamri ɓurndi moƴƴude so yerondiraama e laabi peewnugol goɗɗi ɗii. Kono fonio parboil addantaa ɗum renndinde ñamri no moƴƴiri no feewi no maaro parboil nii . Yanti heen, feere parboiling ina wayla mbaydi cereeli fonio ɗi won e soodooɓe njiɗaa. == Njulaagu caggal Afrik == [[File:Yolélé_Fonio.jpg|thumb|Saak fonio Yolélé Foods, mo soodaa e yeeyirdu mawndu Ameriknaajo]] Fonio ina anndaa no feewi caggal duunde Afrik haa ko ɓooyaani koo, nde sosiyeteeji Orop e Amerik puɗɗii naatde e Afrik worgo, ina keewi siftinde nafoore mum ekolosii e ñamri e nder yeeyde mum en. === Dental Orop === E lewru desaambar 2018, Goomu Orop jaɓii yeeyde fonio ngam wonde nguura keso e nder Dental Orop, caggal nde sosiyatee Itaali biyeteeɗo Obà Food rokki ɗum ngam feewnude e yeeyde geɗe nguura kese. Ɗee geɗe ina mbaɗi paasta fonio, peeñninoowo yiɗde waylude fonio ngam ɓeydaade anndeede e palate Orop. Gila e ngalɗoo jaɓgol adanngol, fonio ina ɓeydoo heewde seeɗa seeɗa, ina ɓeydoo heɓtineede e nder Orop. E hitaande 2021, UE ina naatna 422 ton (465,2 ton) fonio, ko ɓeydaare mawnde e 172 ton (189,6 ton) naatnoo e hitaande 2016. === Leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik === To leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, Yolélé Foods, e gardagol gardiiɗo senegaalnaajo-ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Pierre Thiam, fuɗɗii naatde e yeeyde fonio ko e hitaande 2017. Thiam hollitii wonde ina ɗaminii naatnude Ameriknaaɓe e gawri ndii, tawa ina wallita ndema duumotooka e aadaaji to Burkinaa Faso, Ganaa, Mali e Senegaal. == Ƴeew kadi ==   * Digitaria compacta – Species of grass also known as raishan * Digitaria sanguinalis – Species of grass sometimes used as a crop * Teff – Edible annual grass native to Ethiopia and Eritrea == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gwhq9l87kzhg9oyzgkv7gycxpu6r4nz